Podcasts about conative

Do you know what makes a good leader? The answer might surprise you! In this episode of the Team Success podcast, renowned thought leader Kathy Kolbe, founder of the Kolbe Index, joins Shannon Waller to delve into the realm of conative intelligence. The pair explore the impact of emotional leadership, the limitations of cognitive intelligence, and the power of understanding one's Kolbe MO, along with how embracing conation can drive entrepreneurial success. With valuable insights and real-life examples (plus an inside look into Kathy's inspiring life and business journey), this episode provides actionable strategies for any entrepreneur looking to harness conative intelligence, foster effective teamwork, and elevate their leadership approach. Download Episode Transcript

Kolbe Corp annually honors the organizations that display exceptional creativity and leadership when it comes to the use of conation and Kolbe Wisdom™. The award honoring organizational leadership in building conative excellence, called the Kolbe Enterprise Award, is our way of signaling that a strengths-based business is doing incredible work using their knowledge of instinctive strengths and application of that knowledge. In this episode of Powered by Instinct, host Toby Phillips engages with Kolbe Certified™ Consultants representing two of the finalists for the Kolbe Enterprise Award and dives into the integration of the Kolbe System™ within their organizations. The episode features insightful conversations with Shara Wokal and Clare Willson from Riff Creative, along with Hillary Snyder from Riverstone Communities. They all discuss their experiences and strategies in implementing the Kolbe principles for organizational development and team building, the impact Kolbe has had within throughout their organization and for their clients, and where they see their future with Kolbe. If you're interested in learning what Kolbe can do for your organization and how you can be a part of it, this episode is an invaluable resource with a ton of practical ideas to help take your business to the next level. Guest-at-a-Glance 

Every year, Kolbe Corp honors the individuals who display exceptional creativity and leadership when it comes to the use of conation and Kolbe Wisdom™. The award honoring individual leadership in building conative excellence, called the Kolbe Professional Award, is always hotly contested due to the wealth of incredible Kolbe Certified™ Consultants doing incredible work. In this episode of Powered by Instinct, host Toby Phillips engages with the three finalists for the Kolbe Professional Award. Sarah Gillet Couto shares her transformative journey from banking to coaching, highlighting how Kolbe's theory reshaped her career and personal understanding. Morgan Hutchings and Shawn Gulyas contribute their expertise, discussing the impact of conative theory in team productivity and leadership. They dive into the nuances of conative stress and its management, offering insights into workplace dynamics and personal growth. Listeners will gain a deeper appreciation for the Kolbe theory's practical applications, as each guest reveals how it empowers individuals and teams to harness their innate strengths while sharing the insights that got them recognized for their excellence. This episode is a treasure trove of wisdom for anyone looking to enhance their work with Kolbe, as well as for those who just want to learn more about the power of understanding their instincts. 

School is one example of a social institution where some people thrive and others tank. But what if that has more to do with the way it's set up than whether some students lack the ability to learn. This was Kathy Kolbe's connundrum. Dyslexic, dysgraphic, riddled with ADHD, and a female in the mid-twentieth century is not exactly a winning formula for success. But she was determined to scientifically prove equality. What she produced has been a tremendous asset in helping our clients learn how to succeed at healing, recovery, and happiness in a way that matches their own strengths (instead of being forced to always do things the way the teacher says). It has freed them to finally be and honor themselves just as they are. Today well talk about that a little more. Have a listen. Highlights: There's a lot of people listening that don't realize that when they think there's a deficit in them, they've really just been asked to operate differently than their own strengths. (11:10) Being burned out, hopeless, stressed, and depressed; how much of that is just you trying to be someone that you're not? (12:00) It gave perspective on the way I operate and It gave permission to be me. (27:55) This is not an excuse to cop out on what you aren't as familiar with, but maybe that there are other ways to do it.(29:10) Your perception of the world, your instinctive reaction to the world, is the place where freedom can be put on autopilot. And that is markedly different than Kathy's conation. (34:45) Need help unlocking mental, emotional, and physical freedom in your life? Grab my new book, Built for Freedom: Adventures Through Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Addiction, Trauma, Pain, and Our Body's Innate Ability to Leave Them All Behind on Amazon (or Audible) here: https://www.amazon.com/Built-Freedom-Adventures-Depression-Addiction/dp/B0BS79GMYN   Or head over to https://thefreedomspecialist.com/  and book a call where we can look at your unique situation and give you the roadmap you've been missing.

Our minds are a beautiful thing. They're also quite mysterious. There's still so much we don't understand about how our minds work and just like snowflakes - no two minds are alike. Yet this aspect of diversity is often overlooked when compared to the more traditional DEI frameworks such as the color of one's skin, ethnicity, and sexual orientation, to name a few. Inside the walls of our organizations leaders continue to focus on team fit and culture fit, insidiously and unintentionally ensuring that everyone should think and act the same. Reframing these differences in how everyone thinks, processes information, learns and works can help us recapture them as strengths.  This episode with coach and consultant Shawn Gulyas of Humanworks8 on unlocking the power of the human mind is going to do just that.

When you understand and embrace the power of instinctive strengths, it can make a huge difference at work. But the learning doesn't stop there.  A greater understanding of instinctive strengths can also provide incredible support in your personal journey, and in the growth of those you care about most — including your children.  In this episode of Powered by Instinct, our host and CEO David Kolbe welcomes Kolbe Certified™ Consultant Clare Willson. Clare shares the breakthrough she felt when she first took the Kolbe A™ Index and why she decided to become a Kolbe Certified™ Consultant and Youth Specialist. She details how Kolbe helped her empower her son and how she helps other parents do the same.  If only Clare had discovered Kolbe when she was young. It would have helped her process and appreciate her strengths when it comes to organizing. If you need to create shortcuts and need flexibility when it comes to working with systems and procedures, make sure to tune in for some great conversation on the topic! Guest-at-a-Glance Name: Clare Willson What she does: Clare is a team strategist at Riff Creative Studio.  Company: Riff Creative Studio  Noteworthy: Clare is also a Kolbe Certified Consultant, a Kolbe Certified™ Youth Specialist, and a former teacher.  Where to find Clare: LinkedInPodcast Insights 

There is no shortage of assessments on the market, and for good reason. Team leaders know how vital understanding their people is to boosting engagement and retention. But it's not enough to use assessments; you need to use the right ones for your company's needs.  You've heard of assessments like the Kolbe Index, DiSC, Predictive Index, and Clifton Strengths. But, do you have a true appreciation for how they can help your team and what other issues may still be in play afterwards?  Fear not, because we're here to make sense of it all and help set your team up for sustained success. In this episode of Powered by Instinct, host Eric Herrera welcomes Stephanie Clergé, the VP of Training and Consulting at Kolbe Corp. The two discuss the three parts of the mind and the various assessments used for each. They also touch upon The Kolbe System™ and what differentiates it from other programs. Finally, they explain how organizations can use these assessments to reduce stress, improve collaboration, and increase productivity. Guest-at-a-Glance Name: Stephanie Clergé What she does: Stephanie is the VP of Training and Consulting at Kolbe Corp. Company: Kolbe Corp Noteworthy: Stephanie's areas of ease, energy and excellence: Speaking, Training, Executive and Leadership Coaching, Instructional Design, Manager and New Manager Coaching, Career Coaching, Outplacement Coaching, Leadership, and Team Training and Consulting, etc. Where to find Stephanie: LinkedIn Podcast Insights 

Kathy Kolbe is the world's leading authority on human instincts. Her groundbreaking work has enabled thousands to find careers that they not only love, but excel at as well.  Kolbe has been called Maslow's successor because of her work in showing how the three parts of the mind (cognitive, affective and conative) impact the creative problem solving process. She is a prolific writer and bestselling author, and is currently the CEO and Chief Creative Officer of Kolbe Corp, a publishing and consulting company she started 40 years ago.  Discover where you're apt to succeed: http://www.OPgig.com  Learn more about the Kolbe Index and the Instinct Test: http://www.Kolbe.com/AT  This episode is sponsored by Landmark College in Putney, Vermont. It's the college of choice for students who learn differently. Learn more at http://www.lcdistraction.org. This episode was originally released in October 2018.  

My conversation with Dr. Tom Tonkin. We had a wide ranging conversation. He dropped a lot of knowledge on us including the following tidbits: Tom has a background in NLP. Here is a brief overview of the inputs that Tom spoke of. Tom's favorite British Statistician of the 1700s actually turns out is George E.P. Boxof the 1900s, but no matter. The quote is “All models are wrong but some are useful.” I mentioned the concept that it is not a lack of resources but rather a lack of resourcefulness that stops you attributed to Tony Robbins. This lead to a conversation about Self Directed Learning. Tom mentioned four components to self directed learning: 1) Being Resourceful 2) Having a Desire 3) Having Persistence and 4) Having Initiative. Tom introduced us to the conative, the third area of the brain. Ok, so the backpack review guy is Chase Reeves. And my backpack is the Pro Executive from Waterfield. Tom introduced us to the Google Ngram Viewer. I went down a rabbit hole playing with it. Tom mentioned one of my favorite reads of last year, Atomic Habits by James Clear and his exploration of habits as systems. We went back in TV history to L.A. Law and their opening scene each week. So Tom didn't give me much to go on with his next tidbit…Gail something from Dominican University. I found her (Dr. Gail Mathews) and the study about writing things down. Tom's Daily Ritual: Tom looks at his digital task list. His choice of digital task/idea manager is todoist. Tom uses fountain pens to hand write one page of tasks into an analog notebook and then works out of the notebook during the day. Tom's choice of notebooks is the Baronfig. At the end of the day, Tom transfers his notes from the day into his digital manager. You can find Dr. Tom Tonkin on most of the socials including an app I had not heard of before – VOXER where he invites you to send him a message or question and he will respond.

Conation may be one of the least used words in the English language, but it happens to be one of the most important activities that any leader can engage in. Join us in this special "LeaderTips" episode of Inspiring Leaders to hear how you can Aim Well with Conative Intelligence.

At one point our another, each of us reaches a point of burning out. The solution is often simpler than we think. On this episode of Perfectly Obstinate People, Kathy Kolbe discusses the role conation plays in burn out - and how a few easy tips can be the solution. 

Have you ever wondered why you feel stress in your job, yet you lack a way of trying to express it? Why do some tasks come naturally, yet other tasks seem like a burden? How many times do you find you “should” on yourself? I “should” be more organized! I “should” be more creative! etc.? Join us as Warren Barry of Instinctive Solutions talks about the Conative aspect of the mind - and what makes YOU awesome! --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/tamela-appel-cindy-appel/message

Amy Bruske is the president of Kolbe Corp. She is also the co-author of Business is Business with her step-mother, Kathy Kolbe.Amy discusses a number of topics on the show including an overview of conative instincts, her book, and why teams get stuck.

In this episode Amanda and Kelly discuss the world of burnout and how you can battle it through play. They discuss Conative energy, the Kolbe assessment and how you can have to disconnect to reconnect.Check out Largay Travel at https://www.pleasegoaway.com/Connect with KellyEmail - kelly@theentreprenewer.comWebsite - https://www.theentreprenewer.comComplimentary Free Trip Planning Guide - https://www.theentreprenewer.com/free-resources/Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/EntreprenewHer/Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/the_entreprenewer/LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/in/kellyclements/Connect with AmandaEmail - amanda@largaytravel.comWebsite - www.pleasegoaway.comSchedule a complimentary 15-minute Travel Specialist Consultation - www.pleasegoaway.comFacebook - https://www.facebook.com/pleasegoawaytravelcompany/Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/virtuosotraveladvisor/?hl=enLinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/in/amanda-klimak/

Most businesses need to continually improve systems and processes to facilitate and continue growth. But many have a blind spot called conative cloning that can make organizational change difficult. Richard discusses shares a real world example, how to identify conative cloning, and why this first step leads to more effective change.

Kathy Kolbe interviews international thought leader in K-12 education, Diane DeBacker. Together they explore leadership, obstinancy and conative truths.   00:00 Intro 00:50 Sneaky obstinance 02:35 Freedom to be yourself 03:53 My M.O. 06:00 Making a major change 09:30 Dealing with obstinance 11:00 Toughest problem I faced – Students with disabilities 13:15 Thank goodness you’ve arrived 14:48 Leadership through building teams 15:22 Bertrayed... 16:00 Don’t give up on it 17:15 That one moment.... 18:54 Hiring by the eyes 20:50 Being a better boss 23:50 Having a child with different conative strengths 26:33 End

Kathy continues with her gift buying tips based on the recipient’s natural creative process (M.O.), beginning with those who have no mode where they initiate action – the facilitators. She gives warnings about gifts to avoid for those with resistance in a mode and finishes by explaining how your method of shopping is a demonstration of your conative talents.   00:00 Intro 00:56 Gifts for Facilitators 02:43 Gifts to avoid for those with resistance in Fact Finder 03:35 Gifts to avoid for those with resistance in Follow Thru 04:30 Gifts to avoid for those with resistance in Quick Start 05:34 Gifts to avoid for those with resistance in Implementor 07:26 Shopping by M.O. 017:26 Safe Gifts 20:40 End

Kathy provides tips for finding the perfect gift to match the recipient’s personal creative process. Finally some relevant advice for giving the perfect gift that will be appreciated and utilized.     00:00 intro 00:18 You shouldn’t have... 01:12 Picking the perfect gift 01:34 Gifts for detail oriented Fact Finders 02:26 Cones of Dunshire example 04:16 Gifts for neat and organized Follow Thrus 05:20 Video Game Collector example 06:50 Gifts for Quick Starts that seek the unusual 09:20 Gifts for the DIY Implementor 10:55 Wood worker example 11:35 Avoid stereotyping 12:00 More from Kathy’s gift list 13:00 Gift cards, money or time and talent 14:55 How to discover your conative talents 15:46 End

How do you and your team work best? The Kolbe index tells you. We dive deep into this personal and professional development tool with Ross Slater, partner and VP at Reach Capabilities. Plus, Richard Tubb and Karl Palachuk return to the studio with their take on Austin McChord stepping down as Datto CEO and a very costly HIPAA violation.

We are all unique, but with a theme. Understanding how an individual’s unique theme plays into the bigger picture of your organization gives you an advantage creating a cohesive, productive and thriving team. One that can catapult your organization into the next level of success. Great leaders know that when you put the wrong employees or personality types together, it can stifle or even cripple teams which will inevitably impact your businesses bottom line. One of the ways that we attempt to figure out who will work best with who, is through assessments. There are more assessments, indexes, quizzes, personality types and boxes and labels than I can count. So, I decided to assess the assessments. Today we take a look at the KOLBE Index, honestly, one of my favorites. But be aware, the only way to truly know a person, their strengths and their weaknesses, is to build a relationship with that person. What you’ll hear in this podcast: Who created the KOLBE What the KOLBE is best at uncovering How this assessment can help your team avoid conflict What the KOLBE doesn’t do What is a Conative assessment The interplay of Conative and Cognitive How values play in to assessments The best way to use this assessment Work with Lara Free Breakthrough Assessment Got a Question? Comment? Email Lara Corporate Trainings Difficult Happens; How Triggers Boundaries & Emotions Impact YOU Everyday Resources: Lead With Harmony Connect with Andrea on Facebook Connect with Andrea on Twitter And on LinkedIn Take the KOLBE Energy Leadership Index Show Intro music is Whispering Through by Asura

Kathy Kolbe is the world's leading authority on human instincts. She solved the riddle of how all people can be both equal and different in their creative efforts by identifying the nature of universal instincts that constitute individual modus operandi. Her groundbreaking work has enabled thousands to find careers that they not only love, but excel at as well.  Kolbe has been called Maslow’s successor because of her work in showing how the three parts of the mind (cognitive, affective and conative) impact the creative problem solving process. She is a prolific writer and bestselling author, and is currently the CEO and Chief Creative Officer of Kolbe Corp, a publishing and consulting company she started over 35 years ago.  Discover where you're apt to succeed: http://www.OPgig.com  Learn more about the Kolbe Index and the Instinct Test: http://www.Kolbe.com/AT  Join Dr. Hallowell and Kathy Kolbe in Arizona for their co-led retreat next year! How to Thrive with ADHD Scottsdale, AZ Thursday, February 7th 1-9pm Friday, February 8th 8:30am-2pm Visit http://www.Dynamynd.com for more information! This episode is sponsored by Landmark College in Putney, Vermont. It's the college of choice for students who learn differently. Learn more at http://www.lcdistraction.org.    

Can you imagine a world where you go into work every day and you trust everyone around you to do what they need to do? The real sign of having growth in your organization is when you welcome in and work with a diversity of instincts. Kathy Kolbe offers the science on making all this possible. If you would like access to the complete presentation, the show notes, the links, and the special resources for this episode, please visit GeniusNetwork.com/106. Here’s a glance at what you’ll learn from Kathy in this episode: How to foster a more trusting organization and take your team to the next level The key to experiencing more freedom, respect and growth in your life and business Kathy shares how to maximize your unique abilities and eliminate stress at work A method for discovering the stress points in relationships and exactly what to do about them

Do you ever feel like things are harder than they should be? Then today’s episode about conative productivity is for you. Mike is joined by David Kolbe, CEO of Kolbe Corp, who has lived and breathed the Kolbe Concept® since its inception. 

Today David joins us to talk about how making small adjustments based on […]

Do you ever feel like things are harder than they should be? Then today's episode about conative productivity is for you. Mike is joined by David Kolbe, CEO of Kolbe Corp, who has lived and breathed the Kolbe Concept® since its inception. 

Today David joins us to talk about how making small adjustments based on […]

Click to watch the video.   This book is one of many that make up the core reading in our Health and Fitness Academy at My DNA Coach where we use DNA testing to build bespoke Health & Fitness Programs based on our clients genetics. But before any of that is useful first our clients must map their MINDSET too. In this video I will explain why most people never truly obtain the body of their dreams in context to the core principle of this book.   REFERENCES AND LINKS: Jonny's Instagram Jonny's Youtube    SCIENTIFIC REFERENCES: http://bit.ly/2s7d6D1   MY DNA COACH ACADEMY Free Video Presentation.

Dr. Hoffmann is a professor of neurology and author of Cognitive, Conative and Behavioral Neurology and Brain Beat. He joins the show to discuss the 5 steps to better Brain Fitness and more in this special edition show. More about Dr. Hoffmann here, http://mhoffmann4.wixsite.com/booksandbio The Dr. Tommy Show is hosted by concierge medicine physician Dr. Tommy McElroy. Dr. Tommy is the founder of Echelon-Health which provides concierge medicine, fitness, and nutrition services to those living in greater Tampa, Florida. https://www.youtube.com/c/askdrtommy http://echelon-health.com http://askdrtommy.com

Sponsor: Sanebox Web Site Transformative Principal on Stitcher Refer A Principal Best Tools for Busy Administrators Survey Follow @TrnFrmPrincipal on twitter! Like Transformative Principal on Facebook Show Notes Andy Greene is a transformative principal at Candlewood Middle School. We talk mostly about professional practice and professional development. Andy is a master at these two things. I learned so much from Andy, and I am so thankful he took the time to speak with me. Here are some bullet points from our discussion: How he ensures that teachers are continuous learners How he ensures that faculty meetings are like miniature college courses. How he uses backwards design for his faculty meetings. How he ensures that teachers come to faculty meeting and make sure that they all get something out of it. Mission and Vision Document Professional Expectations Document How he helps everyone see they are a member of a team. What it means to bow low. This: How he has hard conversations with teachers and balances that with positive feedback. When he decides to divulge information to teachers about how they are perceived. The importance of having staff that can tell you how things are really playing out among the staff. The intentional things Andy does to make sure his staff feels that they are in a comfortable learning atmosphere. Seek first to understand before being understood. How Andy would approach a staff that he needs to “clean up.” He sent a bunch of stuff over to me, and sharing is caring, so here it is for you. First, he sent two files that I read from in the interview: Expectations 2014 (Word Doc) - This document goes over the expectations he has for the staff at his school. Updated as often as needed, and discussed just as often. There are some great gems in this document. Mission and Values (Word Doc) - This document discusses what the mission and values of Candlewood Middle School are. Again, there is some great information here. PLCs (Word Doc) - We didn’t get a chance to discuss this document, but it includes a lot of great information about PLCs and some great quotes to get people thinking about them. The following are emails that Andy sends out to his staff after each mini-university-course faculty meeting. You can tell that he spends time thinking about what to say to his staff, how to motivate them, and encourage a culture of learning. He pretty much never lets up. An example of a “post-discussion” faculty meeting conversation     Good discussion on objectives yesterday…[refer to the packet from yesterday for other examples] A personal example to help clarify! Faculty Meeting Big Idea For the Year-Staff will understand that standards are not curriculum: curriculum needs to reflect best practice and user needs while also honoring standards. Essential Question-What is understanding? What follows for curriculum and unit writing? Faculty Meeting Instructional Objective-At the end of the meeting, staff will be able to identify the three types of “learning” for their upcoming unit: acquisition, meaning-making, and transfer.   Other example Big Idea: Student should understand that good readers employ specific techniques to help them make meaning of what the text says. Essential Question-What do good readers do, especially when they don’t comprehend a text? Lesson Instructional Objective-Student will be able to use identify the two persuasive techniques the author employs in  _____. Let’s continue the discussion! A reminder…please have a manila folder for each faculty meeting so you can keep the handouts that are given out… Yesterday, there was a packet that we did not have a chance to get to but we will use it in October. To save paper, I do not want to make other copies! Thanks Andy Another example of CC vocabulary for all classes… Good Morning, As I start to look at some of the assessments that faculty members are sending in, I want to encourage everyone to use the verbs we have discussed not only as you ask student questions in class, but how you frame your questions on assessments.   Here are some suggestions: Instead of saying “Which inequality is represented in the graph below,” add the word “Evaluate” at the start of the sentence [e.g., “Evaluate which inequality is represented in the graph below, and pick the best response from the choices listed.” Instead of saying “Which is the best title for the series of maps at right,” add the word “Suggest” [e.g.,  “As you look at the graph to the right, what would you suggest would be the best title from the choices below.” In music, tech, art, LOTE, etc, use sentences such as “What conclusion can you draw from the information presented?” “In measures 15–20, cite the key signature and dynamic levels.” “Summarize the information regarding the best tool for this particular job and explain why it is the one you would recommend.” “Distinguish between the choices below; which country is considered to be the birthplace of the Spanish language.”    I encourage everyone to plan your lessons keeping the vocabulary words “upfront and center.” (: Andy Cognitive/Conative Per our discussion at the faculty meeting… Whenever you can integrate the cognitive and the conative skills identified below into your unit plans, please do so. In addition to the vocabulary terms we have discussed, these are skills that every teacher can incorporate [where applicable]. Use your creative juices to determine where-in your content area-these would work best. Cognitive skills are traditionally defined as those needed to effectively process information and complete tasks.  Cognitive skills are required for tasks involving retrieval, comprehension, analysis, and utilization of knowledge.  The majority of the practice standard skills from the CCSS are best classified as primarily cognitive in nature. Conative skills are traditionally defined as the skills that allow a person to examine his or her knowledge and emotions in order to choose an appropriate future course of actions.  A useful way to think about conative skills is in terms of interacting with others and controlling oneself. Within the framework, Marzano and Heflebower (2012) identified specific classroom strategies that teachers can employ to teach cognitive and conative skills in their classrooms.  This category included key words and phrases such as: Construct arguments Develop ideas Build on others’ ideas Integrate information Respond to others’ arguments Compare arguments Explain flaws in arguments Decide if arguments make sense Decide if arguments are correct Determine domains to which an argument applies Clarify arguments Improve arguments Draw conclusions Justify conclusions To help teachers address this category of skills, we identified three specific cognitive strategies from the Marzano and Heflebower (2012) framework: Generating conclusions Identifying common logical errors Presenting and supporting claims Another category of practice skills that we identified was perspectives.  This category included key words and phrases such as: Points of view Open-minded Divergent cultures, experiences, and perspectives Varied Backgrounds Collaborate Interact with others Reflect Step back Shift perspective Different approaches To help teachers address these skills, we identified four specific conative strategies from the Marzano and Heflebower (2012) framework: 1. Becoming aware of the power of interpretations 1. Taking various perspectives 1. Interacting responsibly 1. Handling controversy and conflict resolution In effect, we selected specific classroom strategies for each of the categories of practice standard skills that we identified in the CCSS. Cognitive Strategies Teachers can use the following ten strategies in the classroom to embed the cognitive strategies found in the ELA and mathematics practice standards into instruction: 1. General conclusions 2. Identifying common logical errors 3. Presenting and supporting claims 4. Navigating digital sources 5. Problem solving 6. Decision making 7. Experimenting 8. Investigating 9. Identifying basic relationship between ideas 10. Generating and manipulating mental images Andy Visible Learning… Expert teachers can identify the most important ways in which to represent the subject that they teach. In Visible Learning, it was shown that teachers’ subject-matter knowledge had little effect on the quality of student outcomes!  The distinction, however, is less the ‘amount’ of knowledge and less the ‘pedagogical content knowledge’, but more about how teachers see the surface and the deeper understandings of the subjects that they teach, as well as their beliefs about how to teach and understand when students are learning and have learned the subject.  Expert teachers and experienced teachers do not differ in the amount of knowledge that they have about curriculum matters or knowledge about teaching strategies but expert teachers do differ in how they organize and use this content knowledge.  Experts possess knowledge that is more integrated, in that they combine the introduction of new subject knowledge with students’ prior knowledge; they can relate current lesson content to other subjects in the curriculum; and they make lessons uniquely their own by changing, combining, and adding to the lessons according to their student’s needs and their own teaching goals. As a consequence of the way in which they view and organize their approach, expert teachers can quickly recognize sequences of events occurring in the classroom that in some way affect the learning and teaching of a topic.  They can detect and concentrate more on information that has most relevance, they can make better predictions based on their representations about the classroom, and they can identify a greater store of strategies that students might use when solving a particular problem.  They are therefore able to predict and determine the types of error that students might make, and thus they can be much more responsive to students.  This allows expert teachers to build understandings as to the how and why of student success. They are more able to reorganize their problem-solving in light of ongoing classroom activities, they can readily formulate a more extensive range of likely solutions, and they are more able to check and test out their hypotheses or strategies.  They seek negative evidence about their impact (who has not learnt, who is not making progress) in the hurly-burly of the classroom, and use it to make adaptations and to problem-solve. These teachers maintain a passionate belief that students can learn the content and understandings included in the learning intentions of the lesson(s).  This claim about the ability to have a deep understanding of the various relationships also helps to explain why some teachers are often anchored in the details of the classroom, and find it hard to think outside the specifics of their classrooms and students.  Generalization is not always their strength. The results are clear:  expert teachers do differ from experienced teachers – particularly in the degree of challenge that they present to students, and, most critically, in the depth to which students learn to process information.  Students who are taught by expert teachers exhibit an understanding of the concepts targeted in the instruction that is more integrated, more coherent, and at a higher level of abstraction than the understanding achieved by students in classes taught by experienced but not expert, teachers. Andy