Podcasts about baby fae

Welcome to the Instant Trivia podcast episode 866, where we ask the best trivia on the Internet. Round 1. Category: vampire lore 1: One of the most widely used vampire repellents, its smell is detestable to them. garlic. 2: A child born with these already in its mouth may be destined to be a vampire. teeth. 3: One theory says it reflects the soul but vampires have no soul so they can't be seen in one. a mirror. 4: A vampire hunter's kit should include at least one of these, perhaps made of ash or hawthorn. a stake. 5: A bride can be carried over it, but a vampire must be invited in to cross it. a threshold. Round 2. Category: state nickname fun 1: These 2 states with a precious metal in their nicknames border each other. California and Nevada. 2: The nickname of this state includes a greeting in a non-English language. Hawaii. 3: A ride at the Albuquerque Int'l Balloon Fiesta might show you why New Mexico is the "land of" this. Enchantment. 4: Minnesota may have gotten this nickname from a cartoon showing railroad organizers as tunneling mammals. Gopher State. 5: In 2004 a biologist caused great excitement when he photographed an actual wild one of these in Michigan. a wolverine. Round 3. Category: 5 letter words 1: An assumed identity, or the type of letter that accompanies a resume. a cover letter. 2: Emily Post says in this kind of letter, don't call death "a blessing in disguise". a condolence letter. 3: Also a fruit, it should always be found in the heading of a letter. a date. 4: "Very truly yours" is a "complimentary" this, also something done to a door. a closing. 5: The garment worn here, it follows "ZIP" in something the Postal Service wants you to use. plus-fours. Round 4. Category: the tell-tale heart 1: This largest artery begins in the lower left chamber and gives rise to the coronary arteries. Aorta. 2: In 1984, in the first surgery of its kind, Baby Fae received a heart transplant from this mammal. Baboon. 3: The heart has 4 of these to regulate the flow of blood, including the mitral. Valves. 4: This term for an irregular heartbeat is from the Greek for "without measure". Arrhythmia. 5: The atria make up the upper, smaller part of the heart and these chambers form the lower portion. Ventricles. Round 5. Category: fits "u" to a "t" 1: If you've wrecked someone's careful planning, you've done this to the applecart. upset. 2: The condition of an apple pie fresh out of the oven, it's also how I like my movies. uncut. 3: Apple pie is often rich, so it makes sense that this part of the pie is a synonym for "rich". the upper crust. 4: Saying that Dutch apple pie is just good is one of these, because it's the best dessert on Earth. an understatement. 5: If a bakery spends $12 producing 6 apple tarts, this cost is $2. a unit. Thanks for listening! Come back tomorrow for more exciting trivia! Special thanks to https://blog.feedspot.com/trivia_podcasts/

Today we meet a dude who was thrown out a window by a Shadowman, and then we investigate the conspiracy theory that humans are related to pigs!   Patreon  https://www.patreon.com/user?u=18482113 PayPal Donation Link https://tinyurl.com/mrxe36ph MERCH STORE!!! https://tinyurl.com/y8zam4o2 Amazon Wish List https://www.amazon.com/hz/wishlist/ls/28CIOGSFRUXAD?ref_=wl_share   Help Promote Dead Rabbit! Dual Flyer https://i.imgur.com/OhuoI2v.jpg "As Above" Flyer https://i.imgur.com/yobMtUp.jpg “Alien Flyer” By TVP VT U https://imgur.com/gallery/aPN1Fnw   Links: EP 468 - The Marconi Systems "Suicides" https://deadrabbitradio.libsyn.com/ep-468-the-marconi-systems-suicides-0 EP 478 - Loosh: Is Reality Miserable To Make Our Souls More Delicious? (Jeffrey Epstein episode) https://deadrabbitradio.libsyn.com/ep-478-loosh-is-reality-miserable-to-make-our-souls-more-delicious EP 493 - Did Jeffrey Epstein Escape Into Cyberspace? https://deadrabbitradio.libsyn.com/ep-493-did-jeffrey-epstein-escape-into-cyberspace EP 709 - The McAfee Mystery: Murder, Suicide, Or An Interdimensional Jail Break? https://deadrabbitradio.libsyn.com/ep-709-the-mcafee-mystery-murder-suicide-or-an-interdimensional-jail-break EP 712 - Do We Only Exist In The Stomach Of A Goat? (Issac Kappy episode) https://deadrabbitradio.libsyn.com/ep-712-do-we-only-exist-in-the-stomach-of-a-goat Think About It Docs January 1970 (Shadowman Throws Dude Through Window story) https://www.thinkaboutitdocs.com/1970-january-ufo-alien-sightings/ Think About It Docs January 1970 (Golborne England Motorcycle Ghost story) https://www.thinkaboutitdocs.com/1970-unknown-date-ufo-alien-sightings/ Vicky Cornell Reacts To Chester Bennington Conspiracy Theory https://www.alternativenation.net/vicky-cornell-reacts-chester-bennington-conspiracy-theory/ A chimp-pig hybrid origin for humans? https://phys.org/news/2013-07-chimp-pig-hybrid-humans.html Macroevolution.net https://www.macroevolution.net/index.html The Human/Pig Conspiracy https://imgur.com/gallery/M0zNHpG Backcrossing https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backcrossing Cat-rabbit Hybrids (Cabbits) http://www.macroevolution.net/cat-rabbit-hybrids.html How pig organs made their way into humans: The slow advance to transplant kidneys and hearts https://www.aamc.org/news-insights/how-pig-organs-made-their-way-humans-slow-advance-transplant-kidneys-and-hearts Two Bodies, One Heart: Horses and Your Heartbeat https://jumpernation.com/two-bodies-one-heart-horses-and-your-heartbeat/ Man who received landmark pig heart transplant may have died of pig virus https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/may/06/man-landmark-pig-heart-transplant-death-pig-virus Baby Fae https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby_Fae A brief history of cross-species organ transplantation https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3246856/ Question: Can you live with a horse's heart? https://sportsm12.imascientist.org.uk/question/ca-you-live-with-a-horses-heart   ------------------------------------------------ Logo Art By Ash Black Opening Song: "Atlantis Attacks" Closing Song: "Bella Royale" Music By Simple Rabbitron 3000 created by Eerbud Thanks to Chris K, Founder Of The Golden Rabbit Brigade Dead Rabbit Archivist Some Weirdo On Twitter AKA Jack YouTube Champ Stewart Meatball The Haunted Mic Arm provided by Chyme Chili Thanks to Fabio N! Pintrest https://www.pinterest.com/basque5150/jason-carpenter-hood-river/ http://www.DeadRabbit.com Email: DeadRabbitRadio@gmail.com Twitter: @DeadRabbitRadio Facebook: www.Facebook.com/DeadRabbitRadio TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@deadrabbitradio Jason Carpenter PO Box 1363 Hood River, OR 97031   Paranormal, Conspiracy, and True Crime news as it happens! Jason Carpenter breaks the stories they'll be talking about tomorrow, assuming the world doesn't end today. All Contents Of This Podcast Copyright Jason Carpenter 2018 - 2022

Welcome to the Instant Trivia podcast episode 509, where we ask the best trivia on the Internet. Round 1. Category: Broadway Musicals By Characters 1: Tevye,Golde,Yente. Fiddler on the Roof. 2: Fantine,Javert,Jean Valjean. Les Miserables. 3: Mrs. Potts,Belle,Gaston. Beauty and the Beast. 4: Bustopher Jones,Old Deuteronomy,Mistoffelees. Cats. 5: Velma Von Tussle,Tracy Turnblad,Corny Collins. Hairspray. Round 2. Category: Full House 1: The show is set in this city; in the opening, you can see Fisherman's Wharf and Alcatraz. San Francisco. 2: Last name of Candace, who plays the eldest Tanner daughter; her brother Kirk has been a guest star. Cameron. 3: Lori Loughlin's character did this November 12, 1991, making the house a lot fuller. had twins. 4: Dave Coulier's character Joey Gladstone, who like Dave is a stand-up comic, went on this Ed McMahon show. Star Search. 5: "Full House" creator Jeff Franklin's first job as a producer was on this Penny Marshall series. Laverne and Shirley. Round 3. Category: The 1910s 1: On December 10, 1915 this automaker's one millionth car rolled off the assembly line in Detroit. Ford. 2: In 1916 this company intorduced its All-Bran cereal as a source of dietary fiber. Kellogg's. 3: In the 1912 Olympics he won the decathlon with a then-record 8,412 points. Jim Thorpe. 4: On May 13, 1917 3 children reported a vision of the Virgin Mary near this Portuguese city. Fatima. 5: With the October 1911 death of this man, Frank Cobb became the editor of the New York World newspaper. Joseph Pulitzer. Round 4. Category: The Tell-Tale Heart 1: This largest artery begins in the lower left chamber and gives rise to the coronary arteries. Aorta. 2: In 1984, in the first surgery of its kind, Baby Fae received a heart transplant from this mammal. Baboon. 3: The heart has 4 of these to regulate the flow of blood, including the mitral. Valves. 4: This term for an irregular heartbeat is from the Greek for "without measure". Arrhythmia. 5: The atria make up the upper, smaller part of the heart and these chambers form the lower portion. Ventricles. Round 5. Category: You Have The Rite 1: Pass the poi! It's Hawaiian for "feast". luau. 2: This drink is used in the traditional Japanese ceremony of Chanoyu. tea. 3: In 1904 the U.S. government banned this Plains Indian ceremony, also the name of a Utah film festival. Sundance. 4: In the 1920s rabbi Mordecai Kaplan brought this ceremony for 12-year-old girls into the synagogue. Bat Mitzvah. 5: This ceremony at which school or college degrees are conferred is from the Latin for "beginning". commencement. Thanks for listening! Come back tomorrow for more exciting trivia!

Dr. Bob Martin reflects back on his roles with various teams, from youth hockey to business to the famous Baby Fae heart transplantation. Check out more episodes at: https://lluh.org/podcast

Many people are waiting for an organ donation and some of them may die before a suitable organ is found. Some researchers think that in the near future we will be able to grow organs in animals to be safely transplanted into humans. This healthcare potential raises ethical questions and we need to assess where we stand on such technological change. The first of two features about medicine's use of animals for organ and tissue transplantation. This program was originally broadcast in October 2021.

Transplantasi Jantung Babi pada Manusia, Bolehkah dalam Islam? Oleh. drh. Lailatus Sa'diyah (Tim Kontributor Tetap NarasiPost.Com) Voice over talent: Dewi Nasjag NarasiPost.Com-Semakin beragamnya masalah kesehatan yang dihadapi manusia, semakin terpacu pula para ilmuwan dalam berinovasi untuk menemukan solusinya. Berbagai eksperimen dilakukan, berbagai terobosan ditemukan, akankah menjadi solusi di masa mendatang? Bukan hal baru dalam dunia kedokteran adanya inovasi ekperimental transplantasi organ asal hewan untuk manusia. Tanggal 7 Januari 2022 menjadi hari yang bersejarah atas keberhasilan pertama kalinya transplantasi jantung babi pada manusia. Sebelumnya seorang ahli bedah di New York pada Oktober 2021, mengumumkan telah berhasil mentransplantasikan ginjal babi pada tubuh seseorang yang telah mengalami mati otak tanpa ada harapan sembuh. Pada tahun 1984, juga pernah ada upaya tranplantasi hati babon kepada Baby Fae, namun sayangnya setelah upaya transplantasi, Baby Fae hanya mampu bertahan selama 24 hari. Selain beberapa fakta di atas, masih banyak upaya transplantasi organ hewan kepada manusia dengan alasan penyelamatan nyawa manusia. Berdasarkan data OrganDonor.gov, menyebutkan bahwa 17 orang setiap hari di AS meninggal saat menunggu transplantasi organ, dan lebih dari 100.000 orang dalam daftar tunggu. Ini baru permasalahan yang ada di AS, belum menyentuh data pada belahan dunia lainnya. Inilah yang menjadi alasan para ilmuwan terutama di bidang kedokteran untuk terus melakukan inovasi ekperimental transplantasi organ hewan ke manusia agar bisa menjadi solusi penyelamatan nyawa manusia. Harapannya nanti inovasi ini mampu memberikan solusi atas krisis organ yang terjadi saat ini. Organ Babi Jadi Rekomendasi Menurut Profesor Muladno, Guru Besar Pemuliaan dan Genetika Ternak Fakuktas Peternakan IPB menegaskan pemilihan ternak babi sebagai pendonor dikarenakan urutan DNA babi memiliki banyak kemiripan dengan manusia dibandingkan ternak-ternak lainnya. Di samping kelebihanya itu, babi juga memiliki keunggulan dibandingkan primata lainnya untuk transplantasi organ. Hal ini dikarenakan babi lebih mudah dibesarkan dan mencapai ukuran manusia dewasa pada usia enam bulan. Naskah selengkapnya: https://narasipost.com/2022/03/17/transplantasi-jantung-babi-pada-manusia-bolehkah-dalam-islam/ Terimakasih buat kalian yang sudah mendengarkan podcast ini, Follow us on: instagram: http://instagram.com/narasipost Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/narasi.post.9 Fanpage: Https://www.facebook.com/pg/narasipostmedia/posts/ Twitter: Http://twitter.com/narasipost

This week, join authors Maryjane Farr and Josef Stehlik as they discuss their Perspective article "Heart Xenotransplant: A Door That Is Finally Opening." Dr. Carolyn Lam: Welcome to Circulation On the Run, your weekly podcast summary and backstage pass to the Journal and its editors. We're your co-hosts. I'm Dr. Carolyn Lam, Associate Editor from the National Heart Center in Duke National University of Singapore. Dr. Greg Hundley: And I'm, Dr. Greg Hundley, Associate Editor, Director of the Pauley Heart Center, at VCU Health in Richmond, Virginia. Dr. Greg Hundley: Well, Carolyn, this week's feature, very interesting, xenotransplantation, where organs from other species are transplanted into humans. And it's a perspective piece. And so, we're going to get a weighted conversation from two different individuals that have a different perspective on the topic. Dr. Greg Hundley: But, before we get to that, how about we grab a cup of coffee, and start with some of the other articles in the issue? Would you like to go first? Dr. Carolyn Lam: Absolutely, Greg. Although man, that is a big hook you just gave us. Xenotransplantation is seriously, seriously, a hot topic. Can't wait to learn more. Dr. Carolyn Lam: But, for this first paper I want to talk about, well, we know that sequencing Mendelian arrhythmia genes in individuals without an indication for arrhythmia genetic testing, can identify carriers of pathogenic, or lightly pathogenic, variants. However, to what extent do these variants associate with clinically meaningful phenotypes, and what do we know about variants of uncertain significance? Dr. Carolyn Lam: So to answer this question, Dr. Dan Roden, from Vanderbilt University, and his colleagues, looked at 10 arrhythmia susceptibility genes, that were sequenced in more are than 20,000 participants without an indication for arrhythmia genetic testing in the eMERGE III study, which is a multi-center prospective cohort. Variants, previously designated pathogenic, or likely pathogenic, were identified in 120 individuals, or 0.6% population. And electronic health records revealed an over-representation of arrhythmia phenotypes. Some variants of uncertain significance were also found in individuals with arrhythmias and patch clamping, confirmed reclassification, to likely pathogenic. Dr. Greg Hundley: Really interesting results from this eMERGE III study, Carolyn. So what's the take home message? Dr. Carolyn Lam: As genetic testing becomes more common, the combination of electronic health records and in vitro testing, will help classify variant pathogenicity. Population screening has the potential to identify patients with undiagnosed Mendelian rhythm disorders. However, we need to consider the pros and cons of such an approach. And this is discussed in an accompanying editorial by doctors, Walsh, and Bezzina, and Wilde, from Amsterdam University Medical Center. Dr. Greg Hundley: Very nice, Carolyn. Well, my first paper comes to us from Professor Karl Heusler from the University of Wurzburg. Carolyn, this study was a pre-specified analysis of the anticoagulation using the direct factor Xa inhibitor, apixaban, during atrial fibrillation catheter ablation comparison to vitamin K antagonist therapy, or the AXAFA–AFNET 5 trial. And it randomized 674 patients with atrial fibrillation, in a one-to-one fashion, to uninterrupted apixaban, or vitamin K antagonist therapy, prior to first time ablation, with a goal to assess the prevalence of magnetic resonance imaging detected ischemic brain lesions, and their association with cognitive function, three months after first time ablation, using the continuous oral anticoagulation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Dr. Carolyn Lam: Huh. Nice. So what did they find, Greg? Dr. Greg Hundley: Right, Carolyn. They found that brain MRI detected chronic white matter damage, as well as, acute ischemic lesions, were frequently found after first time ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, using uninterrupted oral anticoagulation. Including, 27.2% of those receiving apixaban, and 24.8% of those receiving the vitamin K antagonists. So Carolyn, no difference there. MRI detected acute ischemic brain lesions were not associated with cognitive function at three months after ablation. And then, Carolyn, the lower Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores, both before and after ablation, were associated with older age only, highlighting the safety of atrial fibrillation ablation on uninterrupted oral anticoagulation. Dr. Carolyn Lam: Oh, thank you, Greg. Well, my next paper talks about basilar artery occlusion, which we know is a devastating condition without definitive evidence to guide treatment. Now, while we do know that faster treatment times with endovascular therapy is associated with better outcomes in the anterior circulation of the brain. What about this relationship for basilar artery occlusion? See? So that's the question that this paper sought to answer, and it's led by Dr. Smith from University of Calgary in Alberta, Canada, and colleagues. They used individual level patient data from the Get With The Guidelines-Stroke nationwide US registry, prospectively collected from January 2015 to December 2019, and identified 3015 patients with basilar artery occlusion treated with endovascular therapy. Dr. Greg Hundley: Ah, Carolyn. And so what did they find here? Dr. Carolyn Lam: So, here are the results. Treatment of basilar artery occlusion with endovascular therapy, within six hours of last known well, is associated with better outcomes, compared to treatment after six hours. Including, lower odds of mortality and higher odds of reperfusion, independence, and discharge home.   Dr. Carolyn Lam: There was a non-linear association between, faster treatment with endovascular therapy for basilar artery occlusion, and better outcomes, with the greatest per hour improvement in outcomes seen within six hours of the last known well. In summary, results indicate that, faster treatment with endovascular therapy may improve outcomes in basilar artery occlusion. Efforts should therefore be made, to optimize workflow, including pre-hospital, inner-hospital, intra-hospital processes, to achieve rapid treatment with endovascular therapy in acute stroke with basilar artery occlusion. Dr. Greg Hundley: Very nice, Carolyn. Well, my next paper comes to us from the world of pre-clinical science. And Carolyn, as we know, pulmonary hypertension can be caused by chronic hypoxia, leading to hyperproliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells, and apoptosis-resistant pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. And then, upon re-exposure to normoxia chronic hypoxia induced pulmonary hypertension in mice, is reversible. So in this study, the authors led by Dr. Christine Veith, from Justus Liebig University in Giessen, aimed to identify novel candidate genes involved in pulmonary vascular remodeling, specifically, in the pulmonary vasculature. Dr. Carolyn Lam: Ah, a very interesting and important topic. So what, or how, did they do this, Greg? Dr. Greg Hundley: Right, Carolyn. So following a microarray analysis, the investigative team assessed the role of secreted protein, acidic, and rich in cysteine, or SPARC, using lung tissue from idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension patients, as well as from chronic hypoxic mice. In this experiment, the mice were exposed to normoxia, chronic hypoxia, or chronic hypoxia with subsequent re-exposure to normoxia, at different time points Dr. Carolyn Lam: Okay, so what were the results? Dr. Greg Hundley: Okay, Carolyn, the big drum roll. So the microarray analysis of the pulmonary vascular compartment, after laser micro dissection, identified SPARC as one of the genes down-regulated at all reoxygenation time points that were investigated. Intriguingly, SPARC was vice versa, up-regulated in lungs, during development of hypoxia induced pulmonary hypertension in mice, as well as in idiopathic pulmonary hypertension. Although, SPARC plasma levels were not elevated in pulmonary hypertension. Dr. Greg Hundley: Transforming growth factor, or TGF-beta 1, or hypoxia induced factor to a signaling pathways, induced SPARC expression in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. In loss of function studies, SPARC silencing enhanced apoptosis, and reduced proliferation. And so Carolyn, in conclusion, these authors provide evidence for the involvement of SPARC in the pathogenesis of human pulmonary hypertension, and chronic hypoxia induced pulmonary hypertension in mice, most probably, by affecting vascular cell function. Dr. Carolyn Lam: Wow. Thanks for that, Greg. Well, let me give a tour of what else there is in today's issue. There's a letter from Dr. Ng on could cardiologists support, improve, the cardiovascular risk of GnRH agonists. There's a Case Series, by Dr. Blumer, on [entitled] Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Associated with Endocarditis: A Case Years in the Making.” There's a Perspective piece by Dr. Hillis on [entitled], Is Asymptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis Still a Waiting Game?” Dr. Greg Hundley: And Carolyn, from the mailbag, we have a Research Letter, from Professor McFadyen entitled, Inherited Thrombophilias are Associated with a Higher Risk of COVID-19 Associated Venous Thromboembolism, a Prospective Population Based Cohort Study. Dr. Greg Hundley: Well, now onto that perspective and discussion from two viewpoints on xenotransplantation. Dr. Carolyn Lam: Xenotransplantation. Cool. Let's go. Dr. Greg Hundley: Well welcome everyone, to this feature discussion. And today, we're taking a little bit of a, different tact, and we are going to discuss a perspective piece. As you know, usually we will discuss an original article, but we have a perspective. And we have with us, the two authors that created this perspective. Dr. Jane Farr from UT Southwestern, in Dallas, Texas, and Dr. Josef Stehlik, from University of Utah. Welcome to you both. Dr. Greg Hundley: And listeners, our discussion today is on cardiac xenotransplantation, taking a heart from another species and implanting it in a human subject. So Josef, we'll start with you. Could you tell us a little bit about the history of cardiac xenotransplantation, and what are some of the obstacles that have to be overcome, if we're considering performing this procedure in a patient? Dr. Josef Stehlik: Greg, thank you for that question. The concept of xenotransplantation has been around for a long time, with the biggest attraction being, a large and ideally safe source of organs for our patients. As far as cardiac xenotransplantation, the first human art xenotransplant was done in 1964, in a man with terminal heart failure, who received a chimpanzee heart at the University of Mississippi. Dr. Josef Stehlik: The patient didn't survive the surgery, and the way it was done back then, brought up a number of ethical issues, and other issues as well. And so, the next xenotransplant was not done until 1984, in a neonate with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, at Loma Linda University. You might have heard the term, Baby Fae, before. And this infant survived about 20 days, and so we couldn't consider it, long term success. However, these two first xenotransplant brought up some important issues that would be studied for years to come. And I think, that the biggest lesson was that, the intra-species immune barriers were a formidable obstacle, and that really, new technologies, and then new medications, would probably have to come into the clinical arena, before we could do it again. Dr. Greg Hundley: Very nice. Well listeners, now we're going to turn to our second author on this particular paper. And Jane, can you describe some of the circumstances pertaining to this most recent cardiac xenotransplantation? What transpired, and what's been the outcome with that individual? Dr. Maryjane Farr: Thanks, Greg. And thanks for having us here on this program today. So the circumstance around this particular groundbreaking transplant was such that, there was a critically ill patient. This man who was in cardiogenic shock. Both sides of his heart were not working. He was on life saving temporary mechanical support with VA ECMO. And he unfortunately, despite his cardiogenic shock, he was not eligible for standard allotransplantation. Dr. Maryjane Farr: Part of that story was really about, not meeting standard criteria for organ transplantation, probably just about anywhere, in terms of a long history of, maybe not taking his meds, or taking care of himself. And there's, certain criteria that he didn't fit into. And he actually had been assessed, as I understand it, by a number of programs, before the University of Maryland approached him with this possibility. Dr. Maryjane Farr: One other option that could have been taken, was a mechanical circulatory assist device. But as I say, both sides of his heart were not working, and so really, total cardiac replacement was really his only option. Dr. Greg Hundley: And so Jane, do we know anything about what happened? How did the surgical procedure go? Do we know anything about the outcomes? Dr. Maryjane Farr: This is of course, patient privacy. So what we know is really, what's in the public arena. And it's actually, there's been a lot of transparency, which has been terrific, by the patient, and the family, and the doctors, because this is such groundbreaking information. But this patient was truly critically ill. There was some paperwork done to try to get FDA approval for emergency experimental surgery, with xenotransplantation. And of course, all the research at University of Maryland, and in many other centers, nationally, and internationally, have been done over the years. And so finally, there was an approval to do this, and it was basically a scheduled surgery. Dr. Maryjane Farr: And as I understand it, it went just like any other transplant surgery. There was obviously, a procurement team for the genetically modified pig. There was cold storage of the device. Transport, at least as far as to the next operating room, or however it went. And then, standard implantation, and release of cross clamp, and perfusion. And at least by what you can read about, the heart started to work almost immediately. And then of course, I think that's the easy part. It was really all the intense and multi blockade immunosuppressive therapy, which is really, the challenge of this type of therapy. Dr. Greg Hundley: Very nice. Well, Josef, Jane's alluded to this a little bit, but who would be a candidate for this therapeutic, this form of therapy? Dr. Josef Stehlik: Greg, so that's an excellent question. And I would like to address it. Before I do that, maybe we should also mention, very briefly, a little bit of the science behind the genetically engineered pig, that Jane mentioned. Dr. Josef Stehlik: There were three main things that have been done, and what enabled that is gene editing. And here, I would like to actually mention Dr. Mario Capecchi, who received a Nobel Prize in 2007, for his groundbreaking work at the University of Utah, by describing mouse gene knockout. That has been part of what has been used for engineering, of course, in newer approaches, like CRISPR. Dr. Josef Stehlik: Some of the things that have been done is that, the highly antigenic carbohydrates that pigs have on their cell surface, have been edited out. There have been genes that have been edited out and in, connected to coagulation and compliment, to prevent clotting and bleeding in the organ and the recipient after transplant. Dr. Josef Stehlik: And of course, one thing that it's very relevant also to our COVID pandemic, there has always, with xenotransplantation, been a question. Could there be trans-species infection? And pigs do have endogenous retroviruses that are parts of their genome, and those have been edited out as well. And so in this way, some of the previous obstacles have been removed. Dr. Josef Stehlik: So to your question, who might be a candidate? And I absolutely agree with Jane, that in the first step, it should really be patients who are not candidates for other clinically approved approaches, like allotransplantation from human donors, or mechanical assist, that can be durable, and those are the characteristics that the patient met. And I think, the next patients that will come now, hopefully, will probably be in the same category. Dr. Josef Stehlik: Now, I believe, and again, this is a little bit of a speculation, that the next step will be patients who are not eligible for transplant, but who may be eligible for durable ventricular assist devices. And our goal will be to show, that survival and quality of life after xenotransplantation can approach survival and quality of life, on LVADs. And of course, LVADs are evolving, as well. Dr. Josef Stehlik: And then, to some degree, it might be the choice of the recommendation of the team, of the multidisciplinary team. What is the best match for the patient? And to some degree, I think patient preference, to really share decision making in patient preference. Dr. Josef Stehlik: And in the next step, I believe, that's what we are hoping for, that at some point, we will achieve is that, xenotransplant will rival the outcomes of human allotransplantation. And so, that will be probably, the next group of patients. How long this will take is to be seen. But I think, that it addresses your question, who could be the candidates for xenotransplant in the future? Dr. Greg Hundley: Very good. And Jane, Josef was touching on a topic here. How do the anti-rejection treatments differ in xenotransplantation, as compared to allograft transplantation? Dr. Maryjane Farr: And so, that's been the thing for all these decades. And so, the first thing is, genetically engineered xenotransplant organs, that can mitigate some of the anticipated xenoantigenic responses. Dr. Maryjane Farr: So first, these carbohydrates that we do not see, so they are foreign to us, so there can be acute fulminant rejection. So that's, one step, and the gene knockout can take care of that mostly, but not completely. And then there's humeral rejection, and then, cellular rejection. Dr. Maryjane Farr: The cocktail that gets put together for a xenotransplant includes, some of the things that we standardly use, like steroids, ATGAM, or antithymocyte globulin, which is a generalized T and B-cell depleting therapy. What's nuanced, and there's also some role for anti-CD20 B-cell therapy, but what it is nuanced in xenotransplant is anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody therapy. And that was specifically developed, and then studied in heterotopics, or non-human primate pig transplant. Because what turns out is that, the robust T-cell responses, by what's called the indirect pathway, really requires significant costimulatory blockade, where anti-CD40 therapy has been critically important, and well studied by these scientists and others at the University of Maryland, and elsewhere. Dr. Maryjane Farr: And as I understand it, anti-CD40 was really, is the basis, the backbone, of this therapy. And then there's one last thing. And that is, temsirolimus, which is a pro drug of proliferation signal inhibitor therapy, that we standardly use in transplant. That's utilized to arrest the further growth of the xenotransplant. So that sounds like it's the cocktail, and there's some published reports, on these scientists using just such cocktail in their non-human primate transplant models. Dr. Greg Hundley: Well, listeners, we've heard a really interesting story here. But now, let's ask these experts, first, Josef, and then, Jane. Josef, moving forward, what are the concerns that you really see in this aspect of research? Dr. Josef Stehlik: Greg, I think, one of the issues that will have to be addressed, are ethical considerations. And we've seen, that after the news of xenotransplant was made public, there has been a lot of discussion among public about ethics of xenotransplant. I think it will be important to really proactively address that. Dr. Josef Stehlik: One aspect from the past is, we knew that primate xenotransplant have not been embraced by the public, just because of the closeness of primates to humans. I think, some of that will be mitigated, now that we are using pigs. But of course, there are many who feel strongly about humane treatment of animals. And so I think, regulation will need to be established that will address that, and that will make both the professionals and the wary public, comfortable with this approach. Dr. Josef Stehlik: And another thing that will need to be addressed, and Jane talked about it a little bit is, what parts of care for xenotransplant will be different from human allotransplant. Right? So how do the assessment of the biopsies differ? Right? We'll probably have a new grading scheme looking at xenotransplant. Should the antimicrobial prophylaxis be different? So we do prevent the possibility of trans-species infections we haven't seen before, et cetera. So there would be a lot of work for the transplant teams to do, as well. Dr. Greg Hundley: And, Jane. Dr. Maryjane Farr: Yes. One thing that's hard, this is amazing science, and this is a huge opportunity to transplant more patients, many of whom die on the wait list every year. But what really needs to be understood also, as we move into this area, and this is where us, as clinicians, get involved in some of these conversations in particular, is that this patient actually wasn't eligible for transplant. And these are very, very difficult decisions that centers are tasked to make. Dr. Maryjane Farr: It can get really tricky, and there's lots of patients who say, "Okay, I'm not a transplant candidate.", because of this or that, or the other reason. And there's, some reasons that are more important than others. They'll say, "Transplant me anyway. Give me a heart that you might turn down. Just give me a chance." And we don't do that. And insurance companies don't pay for that. And we have to actually find a way to be rational in our approach. Dr. Maryjane Farr: But truly, acknowledging that, if we had more resources, we could probably expand transplant even with the organs that we do have, because we turn down about, probably about 40% of organs, and maybe even more, every year, because we want to match the best organs. So it's really important that xenotransplant, in centers that can do this, demonstrate that this therapy works, and it provides a good quality and quantity of life, for at least, to be reasonable. And once you get there, then you can start to talk about, whether you need to think about allocation, and all that. So you can see how the conversation's going to go on for the next 10 years, about how this fits in. Dr. Greg Hundley: You both alluded to the fact, we need more research. And so, incrementally, for maybe each of you in 30 seconds. What do you see as the next research study that needs to be performed in this space? First, Josef, and then again, Jane. Dr. Josef Stehlik: That's a tough question, but I'll try to address it. I think, it will be a little bit in parallel to the first human allotransplant. Now that we've figured out the procedure and the organ that we can use, I think, it will be research focused on the care of the transplant recipient. And the task, number one, will be to identify immunosuppression that will be safe and effective, to protect this heart from dysfunction for many years after transplant. Dr. Greg Hundley: And Jane? Dr. Maryjane Farr: Yeah. You need to do a case series. The handful of centers in this country, and maybe the world, but I only know about this country, that have been studying and working towards this day, should take the lead. University of Maryland has taken the lead, and there are other centers who have been thinking hard about this, and preparing for this time for a long time, and they should lead the way, and try to do this with all the expertise that they've already built. And then as time passes, we can see what their outcomes are, and then we can start to think about, should there be a randomized controlled clinical trial? What should we compare it against? Who should be offered the opportunity? But at first, we need to find that there's safety and efficacy in the patients that are selected, and also, they themselves select, to go through this operation and therapy. Dr. Greg Hundley: Well listeners, we want to thank Dr. Jane Farr and Dr. Josef Stehlik, for providing their perspective on a recent procedure, involving the xenotransplantation of a genetically engineered porcine heart, into a human subject with advanced biventricular heart failure, that was not well suited for human heart allograft transplantation. Dr. Greg Hundley: Well, on behalf of Carolyn and myself, we want to wish you a great week, and we will catch you next week On the Run. Dr. Greg Hundley: This program is copyright of the American Heart Association, 2022. The opinions expressed by speakers in this podcast are their own, and not necessarily, those of the editors, or of the American Heart Association. For more, please visit ahajournals.org.

Japanese Encephalitis (JEV) is common in Asia but now causing concern in Australia. The rise of JEV in Australia happened when the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (the IPCC) were reporting on climate change—a key aspect of which was the effect of climate on health. There's unique archival audio from the 1980s of the surgeon who performed a heart transplant operation on Baby Fae - using a baboon heart. And the records of 80 million people have been assessed to see why there are now less deaths from heart attack.

US heart transplant patient David Bennett Senior died recently, and it reminded Norman of his 1985 interview with Dr Leonard Bailey—and Dr Bailey's revolutionary operation on Baby Fae, who was given the heart of a baboon. During the interview there was a surprising revelation.

Dr. Leonard L. Bailey revisits the first xenotransplant of baboon heart to a human baby - (Baby Fae). A xenotransplant is a transplant between species. Transplanted organs are called grafts, hence a xenograft is an organ transplanted from one species to another. Xenotransplantation is any procedure that involves the transplantation, implantation, or infusion into a human recipient of either (a) live cells, tissues, or organs from a nonhuman animal source, or (b) human body fluids, cells, tissues, or organs that have had ex vivo contact with live nonhuman animal cells, tissues or organs. The development of xenotransplantation is, in part, driven by the fact that the demand for human organs for clinical transplantation far exceeds the supply.

Welcome to the Instant Trivia podcast episode 193, where we ask the best trivia on the Internet. Round 1. Category: A Fly Category 1: To WWI British aviators, the Red Baron's group with its colorful planes was one of these, like Monty Python's. a Flying Circus. 2: These BF Goodrich sneakers were said to make you "run faster and jump higher". PF Flyers. 3: During World War II, a famous American volunteeer air corps in Asia was nicknamed this. the Flying Tigers. 4: This rotating device attached to a shaft keeps an engine's speed steady. a flywheel. 5: Airborne nickname of 1920s Olympic gold medalist Paavo Nurmi. the Flying Finn. Round 2. Category: Engagements 1: The battle of this city was the last military engagement of the War of 1812. New Orleans. 2: In 1898 the first land engagement of this war took place at Las Guasimas, Cuba. Spanish-American War. 3: In a military engagement at the Pyramids in 1798, his forces defeated an Egyptian Mameluke force. Napoleon. 4: The Battle of Belleau Wood was one of the first major engagements for U.S. troops during this war. World War I. 5: This bloody battle was fought in June 1775, over a year before we declared independence. Bunker (Breed's) Hill. Round 3. Category: Seaquest 1: WWI's important naval Battle of Jutland took place in this sea. North Sea. 2: This sea stretches from Beirut to Gibraltar. Mediterranean Sea. 3: One of the traditional 7 seas, it shares its name with a Rodgers and Hammerstein musical. South Pacific. 4: Moses "Stretched his hand over" it and it was sundered. Red Sea. 5: Despite this name, it's really the world's largest lake. Caspian Sea. Round 4. Category: Going To The Doctor 1: If eggs give you hives, doc will do a skin test to see if you have one of these, an abnormal reaction to something. an allergy. 2: You'll wear a lead apron when the doctor uses this imaging technique developed in the 1890s to check for a broken foot. an X-ray. 3: Your optometrist may use drops to dilate this circular opening in the center of the iris. the pupil. 4: It might feel like your arm is going to explode when that rubber cuff is inflated, but the doc is just measuring this. blood pressure. 5: Otitis media and otitis externa are common infections of this body part; doc may prescribe drops or antibiotics for it. your ears. Round 5. Category: Now Cut That Out! 1: In the 1700s Jacques Daviel performed the first modern surgery on this clouding of the eye's lens. cataract. 2: This "imperial" surgical procedure can be used to deliver babies in distress at the time of birth. Caesarean section. 3: In a controversial procedure in 1984, Baby Fae received a heart from one of these monkeys. baboon. 4: In the 1950s it became the first internal organ successfully transplanted in humans. kidney. 5: From the Latin for "to look at a joint", this type of surgery removes and repairs torn knee cartilage. arthroscopic surgery. Thanks for listening! Come back tomorrow for more exciting trivia!

Off we go to a trying time in Pittsburgh Steelers history. On this very day... Stevie Wonder was tops on the radio with “I Just Called To Say I Love You”, Teachers was No. 1 with movie goers and born that day was Baby Fae, the first infant subject of a xenotransplant procedure and first successful infant heart transplant, received the heart of a baboon. Meanwhile, the 3-3 Steelers were coming off of an embarrassing loss to Dan Marino and the undefeated Dolphins and traveling to San Francisco to take on the undefeated 49ers. Welcome to October 14, 1988 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Consenting sex robots, a very hands on Florida theme park, and "Baby Fae" is remembered - Joanne writes in, still has a crush. 

Today in History: Bill Buckner commits error in World Series. Baby Fae receives baboon heart. Benjamin Franklin sets sail for France. Erie Canal opens. Shootout at OK Corral.   See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Zapraszamy na kolejny odcinek specjalny :)Tym razem świetnie się dobrałyśmy i śmiało możemy nazwać ten odcinek… medycznym :)W świecie medycyny nie brakuje fascynujących historii, a tym razem zabrałyśmy się za historię nietypowego przeszczepu serca oraz opowieść o zawrotnej i przewrotnej kariery Elizabeth Holmes.Źródła:Część 1:https://ciekawostkihistoryczne.pl/2012/02/15/slepy-zaulek-medycyny-niemowlak-z-sercem-od-pawiana/#2https://www.nytimes.com/1984/11/18/us/learning-from-baby-fae.html?pagewanted=allhttp://www.psy.vanderbilt.edu/courses/hon182/Baby_Fae.pdfhttps://www.sercedziecka.org.pl/wady-serca/zespol-niedorozwoju-lewego-serca-27/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/22/obituaries/dr-leonard-bailey-dead.htmlhttps://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-leonard-bailey-baboon-heart-dead-20190515-story.htmlhttp://www.psy.vanderbilt.edu/courses/hon182/Baby_Fae.pdfCzęść 2:Film dokumentalny nt. afery Theranos:https://hbogo.pl/filmy/wynalazczyni-dolina-krzemowa-w-kropli-krwihttps://www.businessinsider.com/theranos-former-president-sunny-balwani-role-in-the-company-2018-5?IR=Thttps://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Holmeshttps://www.thecut.com/2019/03/why-did-elizabeth-holmes-use-a-fake-deep-voice.htmlhttps://www.forbes.pl/biznes/proces-ws-elizabeth-holmes-i-start-upu-theranos/l1lzcc8https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3776888/Award-winning-scientist-struggling-make-Theranos-blood-test-machines-work-committed-suicide-amid-fears-Silicon-Valley-firm-s-32-year-old-CEO-fire-claims-wife.htmlMożecie nas słuchać naYoutube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCag0mVFdPzss5fnVxVfGWSQ?view_as=subscriberSpotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0rJ7ywxLWoab5duvKduNG5i Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/pl/podcast/czarna-polewka/id1472290870?ign-mpt=uo%3D4Zdjęcia, o których mówimy w odcinkach, znajdziecie na instagramie: @czarna_polewka_podcastMateriał jest oparty na informacjach, które znalazłyśmy w internecie i ma charakter informacyjny.Po dzisiejszych historiach jeszcze raz życzmy Wam dużo zdrówka, bo zdrowie jest najważniejsze!

In 1984 doctors in California tried a revolutionary operation on a two-week-old baby girl. She had been born with a fatal heart condition - but there was no infant human donor available. Hear from the lead surgeon, and an intensive care nurse involved in the fight to save Baby Fae's life. Photo: Baby Fae listening to her mother's voice in the isolation unit. Courtesy of Loma Linda Hospital

Recorded 11/10/12 for release on 11/15/12 0:0:25 INTRO 0:26:11 FEEDBACK – Dan S 0:38:58 THIS DAY IN HISTORY – November 15 1777 – Articles of Confederation adopted 1864 – Sherman’s March to the Sea 1977 – President Carter hosts Shaw Pahlavi of Iran 1984 – Baby Fae dies 1:13:09 SCIENCE/TECHNOLOGY Robot of the day – … Continue reading »

In 1984 doctors in California tried a revolutionary operation on a two-week-old baby girl. She had been born with a fatal heart condition - but there was no infant human donor available. Hear from the lead surgeon, and an intensive care nurse involved in the fight to save Baby Fae's life. Photo: Baby Fae listening to her mother's voice in the isolation unit. Courtesy of Loma Linda Hospital

Public awareness of pediatric bioethics dilemmas is often limited to media reports dramatizing conflicts over the rights of families and doctors in determining the circumstances for performing highly experimental surgeries or limiting life-saving treatments to seriously ill newborns, today remembered as educational case studies or lawsuit names--from Baby Fae to Baby K. 

Public awareness of pediatric bioethics dilemmas is often limited to media reports dramatizing conflicts over the rights of families and doctors in determining the circumstances for performing highly experimental surgeries or limiting life-saving treatments to seriously ill newborns, today remembered as educational case studies or lawsuit names--from Baby Fae to Baby K.