Podcasts about Gibraltar

Núria Rovira Salat, trained in anthropology and born in Spain, transformed her passion for Oriental and Romani cultures into dance, songs, and choreographies. She studied with masters like Lamia Saffiedine and Pétia Iourtchenko, teaching Arab-Berber and Maghrebi dances and performing widely in France. Núria teaches and performs widely across France and at major festivals, continually evolving her dance practice by blending traditional forms with contemporary expression. Since 2010, Núria has built a rich singing career with groups such as Finzi Mosaïque and Kavkazz, blending Mediterranean, Balkan, and Latin influences. Her cover of "Lágrimas Negras" has over 15 million views on YouTube. Founder of Ensemble QUIMERA, she explores Mediterranean traditional music with contemporary reinterpretations. Collaborating with notable artists and creating choreographies like “Azahar,” Núria fuses Romani, Balkan, and Arab styles to celebrate cultural diversity from the Bosphorus to Gibraltar.In this episode you will learn about:- How exploring different cultures through dance can become a path to finding your own identity.- How Arabic, Turkish, Romani, and Mediterranean influences shaped her unique style.- The power of dance and music in healing, empowerment, and self-expression.- A thoughtful take on cultural appreciation vs. appropriation.- Why true presence matters more than perfect movement in dance.Show Notes to this episode:Find Núria Rovira Salat on Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, and her website.Visit Bellydance.com today: you'll always find something fresh, whether you're looking for costumes, practice wear, veils, hip scarves, jewelry, or music.Details and training materials for the BDE castings are available at www.JoinBDE.comFollow Iana on Instagram, FB, and Youtube . Check out her online classes and intensives at the Iana Dance Club.Find information on how you can support Ukraine and Ukrainian belly dancers HERE.Podcast: www.ianadance.com/podcast

Hoy por Hoy Matinal Campo de Gibraltar

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Hoy por Hoy Matinal Campo de Gibraltar

Hoy por Hoy Matinal Campo de Gibraltar

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Hora 14 Campo de Gibraltar

SER Deportivos Campo de Gibraltar

Toda la información deportiva del Campo de Gibraltar

Hoy por Hoy Matinal Campo de Gibraltar

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Join Justin Vacula on the Hurdy Gurdy Travel Podcast for a special episode recapping his Emerald Princess Europe cruise. Dive into the intricacies of traveling at a low cost with credit card points, miles, and benefits. Hear about his adventures in Europe, from the Leaning Tower of Pisa to the rocks of Gibraltar. Learn about his experiences with various loyalty programs and the unique opportunities they offer. This episode also features a special guest, Darren, and provides useful tips on maximizing deals and offers. 00:00 Introduction to Hurdy Gurdy Travel Podcast 00:47 Emerald Princess Europe Cruise Trip Report 01:36 Travel Adventures and Casino Fun 02:14 From Boston to Rome 04:12 Cruise Experience and Onboard Activities 06:39 Dining and Entertainment on the Cruise 22:18 Exploring Ports and Local Attractions 27:15 Casino Troubles with Onboard Spending 31:28 Exploring Onboard Credits and Spa Experiences 32:44 The Value of Points and Business Class Flights 33:51 Booking Challenges and Travel Hacks 36:23 Gibraltar and Wildlife Adventures 39:12 Lisbon and Mediterranean Cruise Reflections 41:22 Southampton Stay and Hilton Hotel Issues 48:07 Return Journey and JetBlue Mint Experience 54:54 Meeting Pari Kim from Love On The Spectrum 56:18 Closing Announcements and Upcoming Events Main website, including episode transcripts: https://hurdygurdytravelpodcast.com Referral links: https://hurdygurdytravel.com/donate-referral-links/ CardPointers affiliate link: https://cardpointers.com/hurdygurdytravel Join me for in-person meetups I host in Willow Grove, PA: https://www.meetup.com/phillymilesandpoints/ SubscribeStar: https://www.subscribestar.com/hurdy-gurdy-travel SoundCloud: https://soundcloud.com/hurdygurdytravelpodcast Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/hurdy-gurdy-travel-podcast/id1489093490 YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC8EcIcoNU1HK4KKhQtTkAWw Stitcher: https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/hurdy-gurdy-travel-podcast Google Play: https://www.play.google.com/music/listen?u=0#/ps/l5bmuntd4wpvtklvg42ejg42ejg4apiu Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HurdyGurdyTravelPodcast Twitter: https://twitter.com/HGTravelPodcast Instagram: http://www.instagram.com/justinvacula Copy and paste the podcast RSS feed -- http://feeds.soundcloud.com/users/soundcloud:users:706382626/sounds.rss -- to listen on your favorite podcast-playing platform!

La vida de Pilar (85 años) es drama, comedia, thriller, pero también fantasía y amor. Resumirla en una sola película es complicado: conoce en Madrid a su marido americano; se casa en Gibraltar; cuando se muda a Estados Unidos descubre que su marido y su familia son del Ku Klux Klan; tiene tres hijos con este racista que le hace la vida imposible; hay un secuestro de niños de por medio; se divorcia y trabaja en DisneyWorld como malvada de Blancanieves; a su vuelta a España recala en la costa malagueña donde monta varios negocios de hostelería y conoce a un inglés con quien fue feliz durante más de treinta años.

Jacquima Rios MA is an Art Psychotherapist from Gibraltar and today she'll be telling us about the basic fundamentals of Art Therapy.Learn more about Art Therapy and Jacquima's work via the links below:Facebook:https://www.facebook.com/share/1BMxE4aVyf/?mibextid=wwXIfrInstagram:https://www.facebook.com/share/1BMxE4aVyf/?mibextid=wwXIfrIf you would like to reach out feel free to send an email to: atelierfuralle@gmail.com. You can also leave a review of the podcast and follow this show on:Instagram:https://instagram.com/atelierfuralle?igshid=OGQ5ZDc2ODk2ZA%3D%3D&utm_source=qr⁠⁠Facebook:⁠⁠https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=61551850785306⁠⁠Feel free to join the "JD Dragon Disability Rights Podcast" Facebook Group:https://www.facebook.com/share/g/12Eit9sBPuR/?mibextid=wwXIfrSnapchat:https://t.snapchat.com/FVWn1jmTDiscord ServerJD DragonX (formerly known as Twitter):@JDDragonPodcast

Jerry and Tracy discuss H.H. Holmes, Americas 1st serial killer and his Murder Castle. They also discuss Toronto's Gibraltar Point Lighthouse. They finish with an interview with Mysterious Radio's K-Town.

It's time to spill the beans! Inspired by the hidden rooms at Disneyland, Karen's got a quiz all about secret rooms in famous landmarks. Encyclopedia Chris cracks the case of the mysterious money zeroes, and shares how Pikachu threw a wrench into the long-kept secrets of printing. Colin likes his trivia shaken, not stirred, and rocks out to the unbelievable top secret plans *inside* the Rock of Gibraltar. Find out how Quaker Oats hatched an absolutely absurd idea and cracked the breakfast game with a secret ingredient. ALSO: Eggcorn Watch For advertising inquiries, please contact advertising@airwavemedia.com! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Hoy por Hoy Matinal Campo de Gibraltar

Hoy por Hoy Matinal Campo de Gibraltar

(Segundo tramo)

Hora 14 Campo de Gibraltar

SER Deportivos Campo de Gibraltar

Toda la información deportiva del Campo de Gibraltar

What really happened aboard the Mary Celeste — the ghost ship found drifting at sea with no crew, no lifeboat, and no answers?Download The FREE PDF For This Episode's WORD SEARCH Puzzle: https://weirddarkness.com/MaryCelesteGet the Darkness Syndicate version of #WeirdDarkness: https://weirddarkness.com/syndicateDISCLAIMER: Ads heard during the podcast that are not in my voice are placed by third party agencies outside of my control and should not imply an endorsement by Weird Darkness or myself. *** Stories and content in Weird Darkness can be disturbing for some listeners and intended for mature audiences only. Parental discretion is strongly advised.IN THIS EPISODE: The Mary Celeste was discovered abandoned near the Azores Islands on December 5, 1872 — and to this day, experts are unsure about what happened to its crew. (The Mystery of the Mary Celeste) *** On April 29, 2022, a female corrections officer snuck a convicted felon out of Lauderdale County Jail, kicking off an 11-day manhunt that would end in the prisoner's re-arrest and the death of the woman he loved and who broke him out. (A Match Made In Prison) *** The Ark of the Covenant, a sacred chest believed to hold the original Ten Commandments. In the 1980s, Ron Wyatt claimed to have found this legendary relic beneath Jerusalem. Did he truly find it? We'll some of the theories that captivate believers and skeptics alike. (Did This Adventurer Locate The Ark of the Covenant?) *** A young girl's fishing trip turns into a tragic mystery when she vanishes without a trace. As the community searches for answers, a shocking confession leads to a murder trial that left many questioning the truth. (Disappearance at Duck River) *** The Beast of Gévaudan, a mysterious creature that terrorized a small French province in the 1760s with gruesome attacks. Believed by many to be an actual werewolf, it resulted in a frantic hunt for the monster – and even now, over two centuries later, the story still captivates us. But is there any truth to the tale? (The Beast of Gévaudan – Fact or Fiction) *** Frederick Fisher, an English shopkeeper, vanished in 1826 – only to reappear as a ghost to help solve the mystery of his disappearance and death. (The Ghost That Solved Its Own Murder) *** The puzzling case of Sherri Papini's 2016 kidnapping shocked northern California and led to years of speculation. After her sudden return and subsequent arrest in 2022 for faking the incident, many questions remain unanswered. (The Mysterious Vanishing And Reappearing Of Sherri Papini)CHAPTERS & TIME STAMPS (All Times Approximate and Only Accurate For the Commercial Version)…00:00:00.000 = Lead-In00:01:34.943 = Show Open00:04:33.644 = The Mystery of the Mary Celeste00:14:07.962 = The Mysterious Vanishing And Reappearing of Sherri Papini00:23:34.971 = The Ghost That Solved Its Own Murder00:31:39.474 = A Match Made In Prison00:39:55.122 = Did This Adventurer Locate The Ark of the Covenant?00:47:41.081 = Disappearance at Duck River00:55:00.215 = The Beast of Gévaudan – Fact or Fiction01:04:31.969 = Show CloseSOURCES AND RESOURCES FROM THE EPISODE…“The Mystery of the Mary Celeste” source: Austin Harvey, All That's Interesting:https://weirddarkness.tiny.us/44ax8rzt“The Mysterious Vanishing And Reappearing Of Sherri Papini” source: Jacob Shelton, Graveyard Shift:https://weirddarkness.tiny.us/ycku4txj“The Ghost That Solved Its Own Murder” source: Kaushik Patowary, Amusing Planet: https://weirddarkness.tiny.us/2p842mvn“A Match Made In Prison” source: Hannah Reilly Holtz, All That's Interesting: https://weirddarkness.tiny.us/2py46xzu“Did This Adventurer Locate The Ark of the Covenant?” source: Kerry Sullivan, Ancient Origins:https://weirddarkness.tiny.us/yckj9xrf“The Beast of Gévaudan – Fact or Fiction” source: Jake Carter, Anomalien: https://weirddarkness.tiny.us/4f7uhhjk“Disappearance at Duck River” source: Robert Waters, KidnappingMurderAndMayhem.com: https://weirddarkness.tiny.us/57xwj9n7=====(Over time links seen above may become invalid, disappear, or have different content. I always make sure to give authors credit for the material I use whenever possible. If I somehow overlooked doing so for a story, or if a credit is incorrect, please let me know and I will rectify it in these show notes immediately. Some links included above may benefit me financially through qualifying purchases.)= = = = ="I have come into the world as a light, so that no one who believes in me should stay in darkness." — John 12:46= = = = =WeirdDarkness® is a registered trademark. Copyright ©2025, Weird Darkness.=====Originally aired: June 18, 2024EPISODE PAGE at WeirdDarkness.com (includes list of sources): https://weirddarkness.com/MaryCelesteTAGS: Mary Celeste, ghost ship, maritime mystery, abandoned ship, sea mystery, ship disappearance, Captain Benjamin Briggs, Atlantic Ocean mystery, historical shipwrecks, unsolved mysteries, maritime legends, Mary Celeste crew, nautical history, famous ship disappearances, true sea stories, mysterious ships, 19th century maritime, ocean mysteries, Mary Celeste theories, nautical ghost stories

We're back in Florida's fastest parking lot to enjoy Jimmy Buffet songs and fake marinas - but which driver will be Bubbles Up, Come Monday? SHOW NOTES: "Madring" track layout lap video Gibraltar plane crossing Careful booking your Singapore hotel room during the V8 era Circuit maps email graphic Defector on Fanatics Support the show on Patreon and get all our bonus episodes! Follow us on the socials Email us at shiftf1podcast@gmail.com Join our fantasy league with invite code P6LYFWPN404 New to F1? Check out our primer episode Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A las 12:32 de este lunes la práctica totalidad de España y Portugal se quedaron a sin suministro eléctrico. Esto equivale a casi 60 millones de personas. Se trató de algo insólito y sin precedentes. En España los apagones no son frecuentes y, cuando se producen, están por lo general provocados por accidentes u obras y suelen durar poco tiempo. Pero esta vez fue diferente. Nadie sabía por qué se había ido la luz, un corte que afectaba no sólo a los hogares y empresas, sino también a infraestructuras fundamentales como la red de comunicaciones, el sistema ferroviario y el Metro de las principales ciudades. A las dos de la tarde nadie tenía corriente eléctrica en España. La única excepción fueron aquellos que contaban con generadores diesel como los hospitales. Red Eléctrica reportó que se había producido una caída masiva, pero, al no haber conexión a la red telefónica casi nadie podía enterarse de lo que estaba sucediendo y cuánto iba a durar el incidente. El gestor de la infraestructura se puso en marcha inmediatamente y reclamó tensión eléctrica a Francia y a Marruecos, dos sistemas con los que, mediante conexiones transfronterizas, está unido el sistema eléctrico peninsular. Desde los Pirineos y el estrecho de Gibraltar fue propagándose la tensión, pero lo hizo, tal y como estaba previsto, con mucha lentitud. Para ir reiniciando todo el sistema se encendieron las centrales de ciclo combinado que queman gas natural y que, en ese momento, estaban casi todas paradas. Las centrales hidroeléctricas ubicadas en las presas comenzaron a turbinar para inyectar electricidad a la red. A última hora de la noche en torno al 80% de los usuarios habían recuperado el suministro, durante la madrugada la electricidad fue llegando al resto del sistema. El Gobierno no dio la cara hasta pasadas las seis de la tarde, cuando compareció Pedro Sánchez desde el palacio de la Moncloa, pero no habló ni de la causa ni de cuándo se iba a solucionar el problema. Cinco horas más tarde, a las once de la noche, compareció de nuevo para informar que a mediodía se había perdido de golpe el 60% de la energía que estaba consumiendo el país en en ese momento, pero no dio la causa del apagón. En contraste, tanto el Gobierno portugués como la propia Comisión Europea ofrecieron más y mejor información, pero costaba acceder a ella ya que la red telefónica y la de datos estaba caída en la mayor parte de España. Eso motivó inquietud y que proliferasen todo tipo de teorías, algunas auspiciadas desde medios cercanos al Gobierno. Se habló, por ejemplo, de un ciberataque, de una tormenta eléctrica en el Cantábrico y de un incendio en una estación del sur de Francia que había hecho caer el sistema peninsular. No sabemos aún la causa, pero todo indica que se debió a las propias debilidades de un sistema que depende demasiado de la energía renovable proveniente de parques eólicos y solares. La electricidad que se demanda debe ser generada en ese mismo instante, eso con otro tipo de generación como la térmica o la hidroeléctrica es más sencillo de casar, pero no con fuentes no síncronas como la eólica o la fotovoltaica que carecen de inercia. Por de pronto el apagón se está investigando, pero la maquinaria mediática del Gobierno ya funciona a pleno rendimiento para aminorar las críticas y correr un tupido velo sobre este asunto. En La ContraRéplica: 0:00 Introducción 3:26 España a oscuras 29:11 Intervencionismo eléctrico 38:40 El apagón de Chile 44:14 Rusia sin Putin · Canal de Telegram: https://t.me/lacontracronica · “Contra la Revolución Francesa”… https://amzn.to/4aF0LpZ · “Hispanos. Breve historia de los pueblos de habla hispana”… https://amzn.to/428js1G · “La ContraHistoria de España. Auge, caída y vuelta a empezar de un país en 28 episodios”… https://amzn.to/3kXcZ6i · “Lutero, Calvino y Trento, la Reforma que no fue”… https://amzn.to/3shKOlK · “La ContraHistoria del comunismo”… https://amzn.to/39QP2KE Apoya La Contra en: · Patreon... https://www.patreon.com/diazvillanueva · iVoox... https://www.ivoox.com/podcast-contracronica_sq_f1267769_1.html · Paypal... https://www.paypal.me/diazvillanueva Sígueme en: · Web... https://diazvillanueva.com · Twitter... https://twitter.com/diazvillanueva · Facebook... https://www.facebook.com/fernandodiazvillanueva1/ · Instagram... https://www.instagram.com/diazvillanueva · Linkedin… https://www.linkedin.com/in/fernando-d%C3%ADaz-villanueva-7303865/ · Flickr... https://www.flickr.com/photos/147276463@N05/?/ · Pinterest... https://www.pinterest.com/fernandodiazvillanueva Encuentra mis libros en: · Amazon... https://www.amazon.es/Fernando-Diaz-Villanueva/e/B00J2ASBXM #FernandoDiazVillanueva #apagon #electricidad Escucha el episodio completo en la app de iVoox, o descubre todo el catálogo de iVoox Originals

SUMMARY: Matt's goal of 100 miles is thwarted by a bunch of cute animals. Paul gets a new lawn mower. Matt gets a medical procedure in a cruise ship cabin, and RJ Owens comes by to tell a "hand job story." Also, talk of penis sizes, ball sacks, and a Scoopardy.

Send us a textMarket turbulence has the metal building industry on edge, but is the panic justified? In this revealing episode, Steel Kings Jared Ledford and Eric Olson cut through the noise surrounding steel tariffs and economic uncertainty to deliver practical insights that matter to dealers and manufacturers.From his hotel room in snowy Amarillo (yes, snowy Texas in April!), Eric shares how he's turning an unexpected challenge – a customer's too-visible display building attracting constant visitors – into a strategic opportunity by establishing a satellite office. Meanwhile, Jared reflects on their surprisingly strong March sales despite economic headwinds, drawing parallels to their experiences during COVID when building sales thrived against all predictions.The hosts tackle steel tariffs head-on, offering contrasting perspectives on their long-term impact. While Jared anticipates price increases, Eric believes the initial shock exceeds the reality – highlighting that most new customers have no reference point for "normal" pricing anyway. Their candid discussion reveals how manufacturers are already reducing discounts, creating challenges for dealers accustomed to promotional pricing strategies.What makes this episode particularly valuable are the actionable tactics shared from the trenches. Eric reveals how simply relocating Facebook advertisements to different zip codes instantly revitalized his lead generation, while Jared emphasizes the critical importance of customer qualification and timeline assessment. Their strongest advice? Stop apologizing for prices and never undermine your product's value – instead, confidently explain quality differences and stand behind your offerings "like the Rock of Gibraltar."The conversation culminates with a passionate reminder that success in this industry requires genuine enthusiasm and commitment. As Jared puts it, "If you don't love metal buildings and wood sheds, leave it to somebody who does."Ready to weather the market storm and potentially turn uncertainty into opportunity? Subscribe now and join the Steel Kings community of building professionals who refuse to let economic challenges dictate their success.For more information or to know more about the Shed Geek Podcast visit us at our website.Follow us on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, or YouTube at the handle @shedgeekpodcast.To be a guest on the Shed Geek Podcast visit our website and fill out the "Contact Us" form.To suggest show topics or ask questions you want answered email us at info@shedgeek.com.This episodes Sponsors:Studio Sponsor: J Money LLCShed Geek MarketingShed HubRealwork Labs

On this episode, Tony Brueski digs into the chilling tale of Gibraltar Point Lighthouse, Toronto's oldest beacon and the source of one of Canada's most enduring ghost stories. We'll unravel the mysterious death of John Paul Radelmüller, the solitary keeper whose passion for brewing beer may have led to his grisly demise at the hands of drunken soldiers. With chilling accounts of disembodied voices and spectral lights, we'll separate fact from folklore and explore what really happened on that fateful winter night in 1815.  T Tony Brueski digs deeper into decades of haunting reports, from eerie sightings of a lantern-carrying figure to unexplained voices echoing through the fog. As we peel back the layers of history and superstition, you'll find yourself questioning whether Gibraltar Point's ghost is a trick of the mind or a restless spirit trapped between worlds. 

On this episode, Tony Brueski digs into the chilling tale of Gibraltar Point Lighthouse, Toronto's oldest beacon and the source of one of Canada's most enduring ghost stories. We'll unravel the mysterious death of John Paul Radelmüller, the solitary keeper whose passion for brewing beer may have led to his grisly demise at the hands of drunken soldiers. With chilling accounts of disembodied voices and spectral lights, we'll separate fact from folklore and explore what really happened on that fateful winter night in 1815.  T Tony Brueski digs deeper into decades of haunting reports, from eerie sightings of a lantern-carrying figure to unexplained voices echoing through the fog. As we peel back the layers of history and superstition, you'll find yourself questioning whether Gibraltar Point's ghost is a trick of the mind or a restless spirit trapped between worlds. 

La lluvia provocó la suspensión de la procesión del Resucitado por segundo año consecutivoSegunda noche en prisión para la conductora del coche implicado en un atropello múltiple el Jueves Santo en Fuengirola con el resultado de dos muertos y 10 heridosEn la Serranía de Ronda han comenzado los trabajos del proyecto de recuperación de la Ruta de los Viajeros Románticos, una iniciativa promovida por la Asociación de Municipios, Empresas e Instituciones del Campo de Gibraltar y la Serranía de Ronda de la Ruta de los Viajeros Románticos (ARUVIRO), y financiada por la Diputación de Málaga. Entrevistamos a Faustino Peralta, redactor del proyecto literario e historiador y cronista de RondaEscuchar audio

A quick two-stop tour in Europe is in order today for iGaming Daily, sponsored by Optimove, as Ted Orme-Claye assumes hosting duties and is joined by iGaming Expert Editor Joe Streeter to discuss a story he broke on iGX yesterday regarding Entain's Ladbrokes brand in Belgium. The European Commission sided in favour of Entain to put to bed a near five-year court case on whether the arrangement breached Article 107(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (‘TFEU'), which focuses on state aid.Elsewhere in sunny(ish) Gibraltar, an arrest warrant has been issues to former Mansion CEO Karel Manasco who stands accused of embezzling well over 2 million euros from the company. Manasco is arguing bias against him in the case, and failed to attend his arranged sentencing for contempt of court on Wednesday 9 April. Joe steps into the host's chair for the second half, and helps Ted get to the bottom of this one.To round it off, Joe gets Ted's opinion on Gary Vaynerchuk and Katy Perry, very rarely seen together in the same sentence but that's just part of the charm of iGaming Daily! Host: Ted Orme-ClayeGuest: Joe StreeterProducer: Anaya McDonaldEditor: Scott FultoniGaming Daily is also now on TikTok. Make sure to follow us at iGaming Daily Podcast (@igaming_daily_podcast) | TikTok for bite-size clips from your favourite podcast. Finally, remember to check out Optimove at https://hubs.la/Q02gLC5L0 or go to Optimove.com/sbc to get your first month free when buying the industry's leading customer-loyalty service. 

Welcome to the final day of this voyage, Catholic Pilgrims. I feel like this trip was quick. We've been all over the place with Mother Cabrini. We started in Genoa, sailed through the Mediterranean, steamed by the Balearic Islands, Gibraltar, Morocco, the Azores, and now we will read about Mother and her Sisters docking at Hoboken.  I went to look Hoboken up. It's in New Jersey, which I didn't know. It's a terminal that has been used since colonial times. Today, more than 50,000 people come through that terminal daily, which is incredible. There's lots of things there now, it's not just a dock. Since this is the end of a voyage, I will give my short reflection. Let's go ahead and open our books to page 105. Hoboken Docks: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoboken_Terminal

Welcome to It Was What It Was, the football history podcast.In today's episode, hosts Jonathan Wilson and Rob Draper are joined by journalist David Walsh to explore how the modern fortunes of Manchester United are intertwined with one of the greatest racehorses in history.This is the extraordinary story of Rock of Gibraltar, the famed racehorse part-owned by Sir Alex Ferguson - and how his connections and relationships with John Magnier, and JP McManus would ultimately impact the Glazers' takeover of Manchester United. David Walsh shares insider details from his investigative work on the story, making this one of the most fascinating sports sagas of recent times. Tune in on Friday for part two, and the implications of the Glazers' takeover - and Manchester United's decline.00:00 The Tale of the Lost Kingdom00:25 Introduction to the Podcast and Special Guest00:35 The Story of Rock of Gibraltar01:25 David Walsh's Insights02:28 The Connection Between Sir Alex Ferguson and John Magner07:36 The Rise of Rock of Gibraltar17:21 The Dispute Over Ownership19:26 The Financial Implications29:04 Ownership Dispute and Legal Battle29:52 High Court Drama and Stakeholder Tensions30:50 Public Fallout and Media Frenzy34:02 Settlement and Aftermath38:39 The Glazers' Takeover41:35 Reflecting on Missed Opportunities49:45 Conclusion and Final Thoughts Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

fWotD Episode 2901: Muhammad IV of Granada Welcome to Featured Wiki of the Day, your daily dose of knowledge from Wikipedia’s finest articles.The featured article for Monday, 14 April 2025 is Muhammad IV of Granada.Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Ismail (Arabic: أبو عبد الله محمد الرابع), also known as Muhammad IV (14 April 1315 – 25 August 1333), was the ruler of the Emirate of Granada on the Iberian Peninsula from 1325 to 1333. He was the sixth sultan of the Nasrid dynasty, succeeding to the throne at ten years old when his father, Ismail I (r. 1314–1325), was assassinated.The initial years of his reign were marked by conflict among his ministers, who vied for control of the young sultan's government. This escalated into a civil war between the party of the vizier Muhammad ibn al-Mahruq and that of the powerful commander of the Volunteers of the Faith, Uthman ibn Abi al-Ula. Uthman declared Muhammad's uncle, Muhammad ibn Faraj, as a rival sultan and secured support from Alfonso XI of Castile (r. 1312–1350), Granada's Christian neighbour to the north. Muhammad IV requested help from Abu Said Uthman II (r. 1310–1331) of the Marinid Sultanate in Morocco and gave him territories in the Iberian Peninsula, including Ronda, Marbella, and Algeciras, probably in exchange for Marinid troops. The civil war ended in 1328 when Muhammad, who despite his youth had begun taking a more active role in government, reconciled with Uthman ibn Abi al-Ula, and ordered Ibn al-Mahruq assassinated; the pretender Muhammad ibn Faraj was sent to North Africa. In 1329 he appointed his childhood tutor Abu Nuaym Ridwan as the hajib (chamberlain), outranking his other ministers; this was the first time the title appeared in the Emirate of Granada.In 1328 and 1329, Alfonso XI formed an anti-Granada alliance with another Iberian monarch, Alfonso IV of Aragon (r. 1327–1336). Both Christian kingdoms invaded Granada in 1330, with Alfonso XI leading his army to take Teba and pillage the Granadan countryside. Muhammad sought terms, and secured a treaty with Castile on 19 February 1331. Alfonso XI soon broke the treaty by stopping food exports to Granada as had been agreed, while Aragon did not join the treaty and was invaded by Granadan forces. In September 1332, Muhammad sailed to the Marinid court at Fez to request help. The new Marinid Sultan Abu al-Hasan Ali (r. 1331–1348) sent 5,000 troops, led by his son Abu Malik Abd al-Wahid, to Algeciras in early 1333. The troops besieged the Castilians at Gibraltar: the town surrendered in June 1333 but was in turn besieged by Alfonso XI. Muhammad raided Castile in a diversionary attack before marching to relieve Gibraltar. This resulted in a stalemate that ended with a truce on 24 August 1333 that lifted the siege of Gibraltar and restored the 1331 treaty. One day later, Muhammad was assassinated (aged 18) on the orders of the sons of Uthman ibn Abi al-Ula (who had died in 1330), who resented either the sultan's alliance with the Marinids or his friendliness with Castile. He was succeeded by his brother Yusuf I (r. 1333–1354).This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:30 UTC on Monday, 14 April 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Muhammad IV of Granada on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Ruth.

David J Diaz, a fellow Andy Kaufman enthusiast, joins us to talk about founding the Gibraltar Live Music Society, snapping photos for DJD Photography, and what it's like to collaborate with MTV! You can find David J Diaz on Instagram http://instagram.com/d_j_d_photography , he's also on flickr https://t.co/uBxgkryZBo , his Gibraltar Live Music Society is here https://www.facebook.com/giblivemusic/ , you can check out the inspiring speech he gave here https://youtu.be/tVfqj4TKq3k?feature=shared and you can read his latest review about the Andy Kaufman documentary "Thank You Very Much" right here.... https://t.co/LoNE9m9Bxv .Thank you to Martin Schmidt for the promo and Henry D Horse for the fun fact! If you'd like to listen to my album "Andy Kaufman Is Alive", you can find it on my bandcamp here... https://curtclendenin.bandcamp.com/track/andy-kaufman-is-alive-uncle-andy-lies . It is also available on Spotify, Pandora, Apple music, Amazon music, Reverbnation and other streaming sites! Thank you for tuning into Inspirado Projecto!

What's it like to be hunted by the son of a murderous Libyan dictator? Spoiler: it's not a Brilliant Thing, but it is an incredible story from this week's guest Spencer Matthews.  There are tales of desert marathons, growing up on an island paradise and what it's like when reality TV thrusts you into fame before you're necessarily ready for it… A fascinating chat that goes in many interesting directions.

Welcome back, Catholic Pilgrims. Today, Mother Cabrini and a few of the Sisters get an opportunity to go into the city of Gibraltar for a few hours. Their hope is to get to Mass, but, unfortunately, the priests have all left for dinner.  What I didn't realize is that Gibraltar is still a British Territory. If you were to look at a map of Gibraltar you would see that the port is on the west side of the city and that is likely where Mother Cabrini and the Sisters got off the ship. Right near the port there are quite a few churches, which makes sense. There are at least two that I found that were a possibility for Mother Cabrini to visit, as they were around at that time.  I'll link in the shownotes the oldest one, which is Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned.  Let's hear about Mother's time in Gibraltar by opening to page 87. Cathedral: http://catholic.gi/diocese/parishes/the-cathedral-of-mary-the-crowned/

Roy Cathey, lead vocalist of The Fifth, dives into the band's brand new record "We Are One" — out May 2nd on RFK Media! Roy opens up about the making of the album, and what fans can expect from the new music.We also discuss his days in Cold Sweat, and hear some great stories from the early days of his career — including the pivotal role his father played in supporting his musical journey and his first band, Gibraltar.Don't forget to like, comment, and subscribe for more great interviews!Subscribe for more great interviews! https://www.youtube.com/@RNRcoffeeshow?sub_confirmation=1Stay connected with the show:https://RNRcoffeeshow.com.com/https://www.instagram.com/rnrcoffeeshow/ https://www.facebook.com/rnrcoffeeshow/

Repasamos lo mejor de la prensa local y regional de nuestro país con nuestro quiosquero de cabecera Íñigo Domínguez. Esta semana descubrimos dos documentos sonoros imprescindibles: la voz del loro Berritxu y la tertulia viral en 'spanglish' de la GBC (la televisión gibraltareña).

Priscilla Adams, Group Compliance Director at Bullish, joins Solidus Labs' Delphine Forma to unpack the challenges of building a compliance program across multiple jurisdictions. From Hong Kong to Gibraltar and Germany, Priscilla offers pragmatic insights into licensing, risk management, and market abuse detection. Tune in for an insightful conversation on balancing TradFi principles with crypto innovation.

This week's guest, Nathan Levine (Instagram @Boysgiant), brings us Swedish dream-pop band The Radio Dept. and their 2006 release 'Pet Grief'. Lush, evocative melodies? Check. Understated, melancholic delivery? Check. It's a vibe... Songs discussed in this episode: It's Personal, Pulling Our Weight, Annie Laurie, Where Damage Isn't Already Done - The Radio Dept.; Apocalypse - Cigarettes After Sex; It's Personal, Pet Grief - The Radio Dept; Atmosphere - Joy Division; A Window, I Wanted You To Feel The Same, South Side - The Radio Dept.; Feel It All Around - Washed Out; The Worst Taste In Music, What You Sell - The Radio Dept.; Weirdo - New Order; Every Time, What Will Give, Gibraltar, Sleeping In, Tell, Always A Relief, You Fear The Wrong Thing Baby, Bachelor Kisses (The Go-Betweens cover) - The Radio Dept.

About this episode:    Some six years ago, we chronicled the Confederacy's Gibraltar that allowed Wilmington, NC to be the last major Confederate port open to the outside world. 72 episodes later and in the 160th year of its capture, we, again, turn our attention to the massive earthen fort and those that took part in the campaign to either storm or defend the Confederate Goliath. This is the expanded story of the fort whose fall in January of 1865 hastened, in many respects, Lee's retreat from Petersburg, Virginia and, subsequently, the surrender of his army at Appomattox. This is Fort Fisher Revisited.   ----more---- Some Characters Mentioned In This Episode: Rose O'Neal Greenhow William Lamb William Henry Chase Whiting Braxton Bragg Gideon Welles David Dixon Porter   For Further Reading: The Wilmington Campaign: Last Rays Of Departing Hope by Chris E. Fonvielle, Jr.   Confederate Goliath: The Battle Of Fort Fisher by Rod Gragg   Subscribe to the Threads from the National Tapestry YouTube Channel here   Thank you to our sponsor, The Badge Maker - proudly carrying affordable Civil War Corps Badges and other hand-made historical reproductions for reenactors, living history interpreters, and lovers of history. Check out The Badge Maker and place your orders here   Thank you to our sponsor Bob Graesser, Raleigh Civil War Round Table's editor of The Knapsack newsletter and the Round Table's webmaster at http://www.raleighcwrt.org   Producer: Dan Irving

Son las 10, las 9 en Canarias. Con Herrera en Cope, la última hora en la mañana. Estar informado. La audiencia de Cádiz emite una orden de búsqueda y captura sobre Jesús Heredia, más conocido como el líder del clan del narcotráfico de Los Pantoja, mano derecha del considerado como el Messi del hachís, uno de los narcos marroquíes más peligrosos. Heredia se ha fugado aprovechando un permiso penitenciario. Rubén García. Hablamos de que se ha esfumado uno de los nombres clave del narcotráfico en el Campo de Gibraltar. No regresó a prisión tras un permiso de fin de semana y la Audiencia ...

This conversation explores the importance of simplicity and authenticity in spiritual practice, emphasizing the value of honoring diverse paths while staying true to one's own. It touches on balancing technology with awareness, fostering meaningful dialogue across traditions, and speaking truth with love. The discussion highlights how creativity can deepen spiritual growth and the role of discernment in navigating new ideas and societal pressures.---Les Anand Roberts was born in Shropshire, England, in May 1953 into a working-class family. After dropping out of high school at 16, he spent two years working in manual labor before returning to education at 18. He eventually qualified as a Company Secretary and worked in various accounting roles, though a career breakdown in the early 1980s led to significant life changes. He later moved to Gibraltar, where he worked for Ernst & Young and other companies while navigating a challenging second marriage. Les's life took a transformative turn when he discovered the Integral Yoga Centre in Gibraltar and became deeply involved in the spiritual teachings offered there, particularly the "Science of the Mind."In 2002, Les became self-employed as a business and compliance consultant and founded the charity AKIN (Association for Kids In Need), which helped children in six countries. His charity work extended to founding Childline Gibraltar and contributing to several other local causes. He also served as chairman of The Association of Trust & Company Managers and contributed to Gibraltar's finance sector. In 2009, Les moved to southern Spain, and in 2019, he semi-retired, continuing to work in compliance while collaborating with his partner, Nalanie Harilela Chellaram, to organize spiritual workshops. Outside of work, Les enjoys photography, videography, writing, music, and painting. He has four children and four grandchildren.Follow Les on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/les.anand_creations/ Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

====================================================SUSCRIBETEhttps://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNpffyr-7_zP1x1lS89ByaQ?sub_confirmation=1==================================================== DEVOCIÓN MATUTINA PARA JÓVENES 2025“HOY ES TENDENCIA”Narrado por: Daniel RamosDesde: Connecticut, USAUna cortesía de DR'Ministries y Canaan Seventh-Day Adventist Church===================|| www.drministries.org ||===================25 de MarzoMás allá«Él [...] puso además en la mente humana la idea de lo infinito». Eclesiastés 3: 11El escudo de la bandera de España presenta entre sus elementos dos columnas, una a cada lado, con una cinta roja que lleva la inscripción Plus Ultra. Esta expresión es la inversión de la antigua locución latina Non plus ultra, que, según la leyenda, Hércules había inscrito como advertencia para los marineros. Las Columnas de Hércules, ubicadas a ambos lados del Estrecho de Gibraltar, marcaban el límite del mundo conocido para los antiguos navegantes. Decían Non plus ultra, es decir, «No más allá».Como sabemos hoy, la historia de la navegación dio un giro cuando Cristóbal Colón emprendió su expedición a América. Los horizontes conocidos se ensancharon y la antigua frase Non plus ultra quedó obsoleta. De hecho, cuando el emperador Carlos I de España y V del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico asumió el reino en 1517, el escudo español ya decía: «Plus ultra», o sea, «más allá» a manera de motivación a la innovación y la excelencia.La ciencia ha establecido las barreras de lo que resulta humanamente alcanzable para cada generación. Sin embargo, siempre ha habido mentes inconformes e inquietas que han soñado con llegar más allá de los límites conocidos y han establecido nuevos paradigmas de lo que podemos lograr. El automóvil, el avión, el teléfono y la realidad virtual son ejemplos históricos de este desafío al statu quo. Hoy tú puedes desafiar los límites conocidos y llegar más allá de lo que tus predecesores lo han hecho. Hoy puedes aspirar a la excelencia y la superación en cada ámbito de tu vida y cambiar la historia.Independientemente de los logros que podamos acumular en esta vida, la Biblia señala que aún hay mucho más, hay metas que van más allá de lo que experimentamos en este mundo. En el versículo de hoy, Salomón menciona que Dios ha colocado «la idea de lo infinito» en el corazón humano.Hay una realidad infinita más allá de lo concreto, tan cierta como lo que podemos ver con nuestros ojos. En el corazón de cada uno de nosotros arde el deseo de alcanzar lo infinito y ningún logro material puede satisfacer ese deseo. Solo la presencia de Dios, el Eterno, puede darnos plenitud. Hoy puedes conformarte con navegar en lo conocido o esforzarte por alcanzar lo que está más allá, «el premio celestial que Dios nos llama a recibir por medio de Cristo Jesús» (Filipenses 3:14). 

In 711 an Arab and Berber army crossed the Strait of Gibraltar and invaded the Iberian Peninsula. Seven years later, their conquests had birthed the Muslim kingdom of al-Andalus. This marked the beginning of roughly 8 centuries of Moorish rule, during which al-Andalus became a conduit for the transmission of knowledge between the Islamic world and Europe.Joining us today is Brian Catlos, a Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Colorado, Boulder and the author of 'Kingdoms of Faith: A New History of Islamic Spain'. He takes us through the history of al-Andalus, from its inception and expansion through to its dramatic downfall.Produced by James Hickmann and edited by Max Carrey.Sign up to History Hit for hundreds of hours of original documentaries, with a new release every week and ad-free podcasts. Sign up at https://www.historyhit.com/subscribe.We'd love to hear your feedback - you can take part in our podcast survey here: https://insights.historyhit.com/history-hit-podcast-always-on.You can also email the podcast directly at ds.hh@historyhit.com.

President Trump has been threatening to “take back” the Panama Canal since he regained power. In this episode, listen to testimony from officials serving on the Federal Maritime Commission who explain why the Panama Canal has become a focus of the administration and examine whether or not we need to be concerned about an impending war for control of the canal. Please Support Congressional Dish – Quick Links Contribute monthly or a lump sum via Support Congressional Dish via (donations per episode) Send Zelle payments to: Send Venmo payments to: @Jennifer-Briney Send Cash App payments to: $CongressionalDish or Use your bank's online bill pay function to mail contributions to: Please make checks payable to Congressional Dish Thank you for supporting truly independent media! Background Sources Recommended Congressional Dish Episodes Current Events around the Panama Canal March 5, 2025. the Associated Press. Sabrina Valle, Suzanne McGee, and Michael Martina. March 4, 2025. Reuters. Matt Murphy, Jake Horton and Erwan Rivault. February 14, 2025. BBC. May 1, 2024. World Weather Attribution. World Maritime News Staff. March 15, 2019. World Maritime News. July 29, 2018. Reuters. Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 U.S. Department of State. The Chinese “Belt and Road Initiative” Michele Ruta. March 29, 2018. World Bank Group. The Trump-Gaza Video February 26, 2025. Sky News. Laws Audio Sources Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation January 28, 2025 Witnesses: Louis E. Sola, Chairman, Federal Maritime Commission (FMC) Daniel B. Maffei, Commissioner, FMC , Professor, Scalia Law School, George Mason University Joseph Kramek, President & CEO, World Shipping Council Clips 17:30 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): Between the American construction of the Panama Canal, the French effort to build an isthmus canal, and America's triumphant completion of that canal, the major infrastructure projects across Panama cost more than 35,000 lives. For the final decade of work on the Panama Canal, the United States spent nearly $400 million, equivalent to more than $15 billion today. The Panama Canal proved a truly invaluable asset, sparing both cargo ships and warships the long journey around South America. When President Carter gave it away to Panama, Americans were puzzled, confused, and many outraged. With the passage of time, many have lost sight of the canal's importance, both to national security and to the US economy. 18:45 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): But the Panama Canal was not just given away. President Carter struck a bargain. He made a treaty. And President Trump is making a serious and substantive argument that that treaty is being violated right now. 19:10 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): President Trump has highlighted two key issues. Number one, the danger of China exploiting or blocking passage through the canal, and number two, the exorbitant costs for transit. 19:20 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): Chinese companies are right now building a bridge across the canal at a slow pace, so as to take nearly a decade. And Chinese companies control container points ports at either end. The partially completed bridge gives China the ability to block the canal without warning, and the ports give China ready observation posts to time that action. This situation, I believe, poses acute risks to US national security. 19:50 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): Meanwhile, the high fees for canal transit disproportionately affect Americans, because US cargo accounts for nearly three quarters of Canal transits. US Navy vessels pay additional fees that apply only to warships. Canal profits regularly exceed $3 billion. This money comes from both American taxpayers and consumers in the form of higher costs for goods. American tourists aboard cruises, particularly those in the Caribbean Sea, are essentially captive to any fees Panama chooses to levy for canal transits, and they have paid unfair prices for fuel bunkering at terminals in Panama as a result of government granted monopoly. Panama's government relies on these exploitative fees. Nearly 1/10 of its budget is paid for with canal profit. 21:25 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): Panama has for years flagged dozens of vessels in the Iranian ghost fleet, which brought Iran tens of billions of dollars in oil profits to fund terror across the world. 21:40 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): And Chinese companies have won contracts, often without fair competition, as the infamous Belt and Road Initiative has come to Panama. China often engages in debt trap diplomacy to enable economic and political coercion. In Panama, it also seems to have exploited simple corruption. 32:40 Louis Sola: The Panama Canal is managed by the Panama Canal Authority, ACP, an independent agency of the Panamanian government. The ACP is a model of public infrastructure management, and its independence has been key to ensure a safe and reliable transit of vessels critical to the US and global commerce. 33:25 Louis Sola: In contrast, the broader maritime sector in Panama, including the nation's ports, water rights, and the world's largest ship registry, falls under the direct purview of the Panamanian government. 33:35 Louis Sola: Unfortunately, this sector has faced persistent challenges, including corruption scandals and foreign influence, particularly from Brazil and China. These issues create friction with the ACP, especially as it works to address long term challenges such as securing adequate water supplies for the canal. 33:55 Louis Sola: Although the ACP operates independently, under US law both the ACP and the government of Panama's maritime sector are considered one in the same. This means that any challenges in Panama's maritime sector, including corruption, lack of transparency, or foreign influence, can have a direct or indirect impact on the operations and long term stability of the canal. This legal perspective highlights the need for diligence in monitoring both the ACP's management and Panama government's policies affecting maritime operations. 34:30 Louis Sola: Since 2015, Chinese companies have increased their presence and influence throughout Panama. Panama became a member of the Belt and Road Initiative and ended its diplomatic relations with Taiwan. Chinese companies have been able to pursue billions of dollars in development contracts in Panama, many of which were projects directly on or adjacent to the Panama Canal. Many were no bid contracts. Labor laws were waived, and the Panamanian people are still waiting to see how they've been benefited. It is all more concerning that many of these companies are state-owned, and in some cases, even designated as linked to the People's Liberation Army. We must address the significant growing presence and influence of China throughout the Americas and in Panama, specifically. 35:20 Louis Sola: American companies should play a leading role in enhancing the canal's infrastructure. By supporting US firms, we reduce reliance on Chinese contractors and promote fair competition. 36:55 Daniel Maffei: Because the canal is essentially a waterway bridge over mountainous terrain above sea level, it does depend on large supplies of fresh water to maintain the full operations. Panama has among the world's largest annual rainfalls. Nonetheless, insufficient fresh water levels have occurred before in the canal's history, such as in the 1930s when the Madden Dam and Lake Alajuela were built to address water shortages. Since that time, the canal has undertaken several projects to accommodate larger, more modern ships. In the last couple of years, a trend of worsening droughts in the region, once again, has forced limits to the operations of the canal. Starting in June of 2023 the Panama Canal Authority employed draft restrictions and reduced the number of ships allowed to transit the canal per day. Now the Panama Canal limitations, in combination with the de facto closure of the Suez Canal to container traffic, has had serious consequences for ocean commerce, increasing rates, fees and transit times. 39:30 Daniel Maffei: Now, fortunately, Panama's 2024 rainy season has, for now, alleviated the most acute water supply issues at the canal, and normal transit volumes have been restored. That said, while the Panamanian government and Canal Authority have, with the advice of the US Army Corps of Engineers, developed credible plans to mitigate future water shortages, they also warned that it is likely that at least one more period of reduced transits will occur before these plans can be fully implemented. 41:55 Eugene Kontorovich: We shall see that under international law, each party to the treaty is entitled to determine for itself whether a violation has occurred. Now, in exchange for the United States ceding control of the canal which it built and maintained, Panama agreed to a special regime of neutrality. The essential features of this regime of neutrality is that the canal must be open to all nations for transit. That's Article Two. Equitable tolls and fees, Article Three. An exclusive Panamanian operation, Article Five. The prohibition of any foreign military presence, Article Five. Article Five provides that only Panama shall operate the canal. Testifying about the meaning of the treaty at the Senate ratification hearings, the Carter administration emphasized that this prohibits foreign operation of the canal, as well as the garrisoning of foreign troops. Now, Article Five appears to be primarily concerned about control by foreign sovereigns. If Panama signed a treaty with the People's Republic of China, whereby the latter would operate the canal on Panama's behalf, this would be a clear violation. But what if Panama contracted for port operations with a Chinese state firm, or even a private firm influenced or controlled in part by the Chinese government? The Suez Canal Company was itself, before being nationalized, a private firm in which the United Kingdom was only a controlling shareholder. Yet this was understood to represent British control over the canal. In other words, a company need not be owned by the government to be in part controlled by the government. So the real question is the degree of de jure or de facto control over a Foreign Sovereign company, and scenarios range from government companies in an authoritarian regime, completely controlled, to purely private firms in our open society like the United States, but there's many possible situations in the middle. The treaty is silent on the question of how much control is too much, and as we'll see, this is one of the many questions committed to the judgment and discretion of each party. Now turning to foreign security forces, the presence of third country troops would manifestly violate Article Five. But this does not mean that anything short of a People's Liberation Army base flying a red flag is permissible. The presence of foreign security forces could violate the regime of neutrality, even if they're not represented in organized and open military formations. Modern warfare has seen belligerent powers seek to evade international legal limitations by disguising their actions in civilian garb, from Russia's notorious little green men to Hamas terrorists hiding in hospitals or disguised as journalists. Bad actors seek to exploit the fact that international treaties focus on sovereign actors. Many of China's man made islands in the South China Sea began as civilian projects before being suddenly militarized. Indeed, this issue was discussed in the Senate ratification hearings over the treaty. Dean Rusk said informal forces would be prohibited under the treaty. Thus the ostensible civilian character of the Chinese presence around the canal does not, in itself, mean that it could not represent a violation of the treaty if, for example, these companies and their employees involved Chinese covert agents or other agents of the Chinese security forces. So this leads us to the final question, Who determines whether neutrality is being threatened or compromised? Unlike many other treaties that provide for third party dispute resolution, the neutrality treaty has no such provision. Instead, the treaty makes clear that each party determines for itself the existence of a violation. Article Four provides that each party is separately authorized to maintain the regime of neutrality, making a separate obligation of each party. The Senate's understanding accompanying to ratification also made clear that Article Five allows each party to take, quote, "unilateral action." Senator Jacob Javits, at the markup hearing, said that while the word unilateral is abrasive, we can quote, "decide that the regime of neutrality is being threatened and then act with whatever means are necessary to keep the canal neutral unilaterally." 46:35 Joseph Kramek: My name is Joe Kramek. I'm President and CEO of the World Shipping Council. The World Shipping Council is the global voice of liner shipping. Our membership consists of 90% of the world's liner shipping tonnage, which are container vessels and vehicle carriers. They operate on fixed schedules to provide our customers with regular service to ship their goods in ports throughout the world. 47:15 Joseph Kramek: As you have heard, using the Panama Canal to transit between the Atlantic and Pacific saves significant time and money. A typical voyage from Asia to the US or East Coast can be made in under 30 days using the canal, while the same journey can take up to 40 days if carriers must take alternate routes. From a commercial trade perspective, the big picture is this. One of the world's busiest trade lanes is the Trans Pacific. The Trans Pacific is cargo coming from and going to Asia via the United States. Focusing in a bit, cargo coming from Asia and bound for US Gulf and East Coast ports always transits the Panama Canal. Similarly, cargo being exported from US and East Coast ports, a large share of which are US Agricultural exports, like soybeans, corn, cotton, livestock and dairy also almost always transits the Panama Canal. The result is that 75% of Canal traffic originates in or is bound for the United States. 48:55 Joseph Kramek: We've talked about the drought in 2023 and the historic low water levels that it caused in Lake Gatún, which feeds the canal locks, a unique system that is a fresh water feed, as contrasted to an ocean to ocean system, which the French tried and failed, but which is actually active in the Suez Canal. These low water levels reduced transits from 36 transits a day to as low as 22 per day. Additionally, the low water levels required a reduction in maximum allowable draft levels, or the depth of the ship below the water line, which for our members reduced the amount of containers they could carry through the canal. This resulted in a 10% reduction in import volumes for US Gulf and East Coast ports, with the Port of Houston experiencing a 26.7% reduction. 51:10 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): Are you aware of allegations from some vessel operators of disparate treatment such as sweetheart deals or favorable rebates by Panama for canal transits? Louis Sola: Thank you for the question, Mr. Chairman, we have become aware through some complaints by cruise lines that said that they were not getting a refund of their canal tolls. When we looked into this, we found a Panamanian Executive Order, Decree 73, that specifically says that if a cruise line would stop at a certain port, that they could be refunded 100% of the fees. And as far as I know, that's the only instant where that exists. 53:05 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): So Panama was the very first Latin American country to join China's Belt and Road Initiative, and right now, China is building a fourth bridge across the Panama Canal for car traffic and light rail. Chairman Sola, why should Chinese construction of a bridge near Panama City concern the United States? Louis Sola: Mr. Chairman, we all saw the tragedy that happened here in the Francis Scott Key Bridge incident and the devastation that had happened to Baltimore. We also saw recently what happened in the Suez Canal, where we had a ship get stuck in there. It's not only the construction of the bridge, but it's a removal of a bridge, as I understand it, called the Bridge of the Americas. It was built in 1961 and that would paralyze cargo traffic in and out of the canals. 53:55 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): Panama also recently renewed the concessions for two container ports to a Chinese company, Hutchison Ports PPC. Of course, Chinese companies are controlled by the Communist Party. How does China use control of those ports for economic gain? Louis Sola: Mr. Chairman, I am a regulator, a competition regulator. And the Chinese ports that you're referring to, let me put them into scope. The one on the Pacific, the Port of Balboa, is roughly the same size as the Port of Houston. They do about 4 million containers a year. They have about 28 game tree cranes. The one on the Atlantic is the same as my hometown in Miami, they do about 1 million containers. So where Roger Gunther in the Port of Houston generates about $1 billion a year and Heidi Webb in Miami does about $200 million, the Panama ports company paid 0 for 20 years on that concession. So it's really hard to compete against zero. So I think that's our concern, our economic concern, that we would have. Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): Commissioner Maffei, anything to add on that? Daniel Maffei: Yeah, I do too also think it is important. I would point out that you don't have to stop at either port. It's not like these two ports control the entrance to the canal. That is the Canal Authority that does control that. However, I think it's of concern. I would also point out that the Panamanian government thinks it's of concern too, because they're conducting their own audit of those particular deals, but we remain very interested as well. 56:25 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): Would the facts discussed here be considered violations of the neutrality treaty in force right now between the United States and Panama? Eugene Kontorovich: So I think Senator, I think potentially they could, but it's impossible to say definitively without knowing more, in particular, about the degree of Chinese control and involvement in these companies. I think it's important to note that these port operation companies that operate the ports on both sides, when they received their first contract, it was just a few months before Hong Kong was handed over to China. In other words, they received them as British companies, sort of very oddly, just a few months before the handover. Now, of course, since then, Hong Kong has been incorporated into China, has been placed under a special national security regime, and the independence of those companies has been greatly abridged, to say nothing of state owned companies involved elsewhere in in the canal area, which raised significantly greater questions. Additionally, I should point out that the understandings between President Carter and Panamanian leader Herrera, which were attached to the treaty and form part of the treaty, provide that the United States can, quote, "defend the canal against any threat to the regime of neutrality," and I understand that as providing some degree of preemptive authority to intervene. One need not wait until the canal is actually closed by some act of sabotage or aggression, which, as we heard from the testimony, would be devastating to the United States, but there is some incipient ability to address potential violations. 58:10 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): If the United States determines that Panama is in violation of the treaty, what is the range of remedies the United States would have for that treaty violation? Eugene Kontorovich: So I think it may be shocking to people to hear today, but when one goes over the ratification history and the debates and discussions in this body over this treaty, it was clear that the treaty was understood as giving both sides, separately, the right to resort to use armed force to enforce the provisions of the treaty. And it's not so surprising when one understands that the United States made an extraordinary concession to Panama by transferring this canal, which the United States built at great expense and maintained and operated to Panama, gratis. And in exchange, it received a kind of limitation, a permanent limitation on Panamanians sovereignty, that Panama agreed that the United States could enforce this regime of neutrality by force. Now, of course, armed force should never be the first recourse for any kind of international dispute and should not be arrived at sort of rationally or before negotiations and other kinds of good offices are exhausted, but it's quite clear that the treaty contemplates that as a remedy for violations. 1:03:20 Louis Sola: I believe that the security of the canal has always been understood to be provided by the United States. Panama does not have a military, and I always believed that there's been a close relationship with Southern Command that we would provide that. And it would be nice to see if we had a formalization of that in one way or another, because I don't believe that it's in the treaty at all. 1:05:05 Daniel Maffei: While we were down there, both of us heard, I think, several times, that the Panamanians would, the ones we talked to anyway, would welcome US companies coming in and doing a lot of this work. Frankly, their bids are not competitive with the Chinese bids. Frankly, they're not that existent because US companies can make more money doing things other places, but even if they were existent, it is difficult to put competitive bids when the Chinese bids are so heavily subsidized by China. 1:06:10 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): What would China's incentive be to heavily subsidize those bids to undercut American companies and other companies? Daniel Maffei: Yeah, it's not a real short answer, but Senator, China's made no secret of its ambitious policies to gain influence of ports throughout the globe. It's invested in 129 ports in dozens of countries. It runs a majority of 17 ports, that does not include this Hong Kong company, right? So that's just directly Chinese-owned ports. So it has been a part of their Belt and Road strategy, whatever you want to call it, the Maritime Silk Road, for decades. So they believe that this influence, this investment in owning maritime ports is important to their economy. 1:07:05 Sen. Deb Fischer (R-NE): In 2021, Hutchison was awarded those two ports, Port Balboa and Port Cristobal, in a no-bid award process. Can you tell me, does the United States have any authority or recourse with the Panama Canal Authority under our current agreement with Panama to rebid those terminal concession contracts. And perhaps Mr. Kantorovich, that's more in your purview? Louis Sola: Senator, both of those ports were redone for 25 years, until 2047, I believe. And they have to pay $7 million is what the ongoing rate is for the Port of Houston- and the Port of Miami-sized concessions. Sen. Deb Fischer (R-NE): And it can't be rebid until after that date? Louis Sola: Well, I believe that that's what the comptroller's office is auditing both of those ports and that contract. That was done under the previous Panamanian administration. A new administration came in, and they called for an audit of that contract immediately. 1:20:10 Sen. Dan Sullivan (R-AK): Are the companies now controlling both sides of the Panama Canal, the Chinese companies, subject to the PRC national security laws that mandate cooperation with the military, with state intelligence agencies. Does anyone know that? Eugene Kontorovich: They're subject all the time. They're subject to those laws all the time by virtue of being Hong Kong companies. And you know, they face, of course, consequences for not complying with the wishes of the Chinese government. One of the arguments -- Sen. Dan Sullivan (R-AK): Wouldn't that be a violation of the treaty? And isn't that a huge risk to us right now that the Chinese -- Eugene Kontorovich: That is a threat to the neutrality -- Sen. Dan Sullivan (R-AK): If they invaded Taiwan, invaded the Philippines, they could go to these two companies saying, Hey, shut it down, make it hard, sink a ship in the canal. And wouldn't they be obligated to do that under Chinese law if they were ordered to by the PLA or the CCP? Eugene Kontorovich: I don't know if they'd be obligated, but certainly the People's Republic of China would have many tools of leverage and pressure on these companies. That's why the treaty specifically says that we can act not just to end actual obstructions to the canal. We don't have to wait until the canal is closed by hostile military action. Thatwould be a suicide pact, that would be catastrophic for us, but rather that we can respond at the inchoate, incipient level to threats, and then this is up to the president to determine whether this is significantly robust to constitute -- Sen. Dan Sullivan (R-AK): So aren't we kind of walking up to the idea of a suicide pact, because we've got two big Chinese companies on both ends of the Panama Canal, who, if there's a war in INDOPACOM, Taiwan that involves us and China, these companies would be obligated to do the bidding of the Chinese Communist Party and PLA? I mean, are we kind of walking up to a very significant national security threat already? Eugene Kontorovich: Yeah, certainly, there's a threat. And I think what makes the action of the Chinese government so difficult to respond to, but important to respond to, is that they conceal this in sort of levels of gray without direct control. Sen. Dan Sullivan (R-AK): Let me ask you on that topic, as my last question, Professor, let's assume that we find out. And again, it wouldn't be surprising. I think you can almost assume it that these two companies have Chinese spies or military officials within the ranks of the employees of the companies. Let's assume we found that out, somehow that becomes public. But I don't think it's a big assumption. It's probably true right now. So you have spies and military personnel within the ranks of these two companies that are controlling both ends of the Panama Canal for you, Professor, and Chairman Sola, wouldn't that be a blatant violation of Article Five of the neutrality treaty, if that were true, which probably is true? Eugene Kontorovich: Yeah, I do think it would be a clear violation. As former Secretary of State, Dean Ross said at the ratification hearings, informal forces can violate Article Five as well as formal forces. Sen. Dan Sullivan (R-AK): Is there any evidence of Chinese spies or other nefarious Chinese actors embedded in these companies? Louis Sola: Senator, we have no information of that. That's not under the purview of -- Sen. Dan Sullivan (R-AK): But you agree that would be a violation of Article Five of the neutrality treaty? Louis Sola: I do. 1:26:25 Daniel Maffei: Senator Sullivan was talking about Hutchison Ports. That's actually the same company that runs terminals on both ends of the canal. I am concerned about that. However, if we want to be concerned about that, all of us should lose a lot more sleep than we're losing because if there are spies there, then there might be spies at other Hutchinson ports, and there are other Hutchinson ports in almost every part of the world. They own the largest container port in the United Kingdom, Felix Dow, which is responsible for nearly half of Britain's container trade. They control major maritime terminals in Argentina, Australia, the Bahamas, Germany, Indonesia, Mexico, Myanmar, the Netherlands, South Korea and Tanzania. If owning and managing adjacent ports means that China somehow has operational control or strategic control over the Panama Canal, they also have it over the Suez, the Singapore Straits, the Mediterranean Sea and the English Channel. 1:35:45 Louis Sola: The fees that I think we are looking at, or have been looked at, the reason that we went there was because of the auctioning of the slots. And so what Panama did is they had a smaller percentage, maybe 20% allocation, and then they moved it up to 30% and 40% because it became a money maker for them. So as they were doing -- Sen. Marsha Blackburn (R-TN): Okay, let me interject here. The auctioning of the slots gives these the right to skip the queue? Louis Sola: Yes, ma'am. Sen. Marsha Blackburn (R-TN): Okay, so just for the record there. Continue. Louis Sola: So the auctioning of the slots. Under maritime law, it's first come first serve, but Panama has always put a certain percentage aside, and they started to put more and more. So we got a lot of complaints. We got a lot of complaints from LNG carriers that paid $4 million to go through, and we got a lot of complaints from agriculture that didn't have the money to pay to go through, because their goods were gonna go down. So if you look at the financial statements -- I'm a nerd, I look at financial statements of everybody -- the canal increased the amount of revenue that they had from about $500 million to $1.8 billion in the last three years just because of those fees. So this is what is very concerning to us. 1:39:20 Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-MN): Do you know of any instances where the United States has been singled out or treated unfairly under the neutrality treaty in the operation of the canal? Daniel Maffei: I do not. I would add that one of the reasons why saying the US is disproportionately affected by raises in Canal fees and other kinds of fees at the canal is because the United States disproportionately utilizes the canal. 1:44:55 Louis Sola: We have a US port there, SSA, out of Washington State that I actually worked on the development of that many years ago, and helped develop that. That used to be a United States Navy submarine base, and we converted that. As far as the two ports that we have, they're completely different. One is a major infrastructure footprint, and also a container port that's moving 4 million containers a year. That's really phenomenal amount. That's more than Miami, Fort Lauderdale, and you've probably got to get Tampa and a little bit of Jacksonville in there to get that type of volume. And on the other side, we have a very small port, but it's a very strategic port on the Atlantic. So how are the operations done?I don't know how they don't make money. I mean, if you want to come right down to it, if they've been operating the port for 20 years, and they say that they haven't made any money, so they haven't been able to pay the government. That's what concerns me is I don't believe that we're on a level playing field with the American ports. 1:58:50 Eugene Kontorovich: I think the charges and fees are less of an issue because they don't discriminate across countries. We pay more because we use more, but it's not nationally discriminatory. 1:59:00 Eugene Kontorovich: The presence of Chinese companies, especially Chinese state companies, but not limited to them, do raise serious issues and concerns for the neutrality of the treaty. And I should point out, in relation to some of the earlier questioning, the canal, for purposes of the neutrality treaty, is not limited just to the actual locks of the canal and the transit of ships through the canal. According to Annex One, paragraph one of the treaty, it includes also the entrances of the canal and the territorial sea of Panama adjacent to it. So all of the activities we're talking about are within the neutrality regime, the geographic scope of the neutrality regime in the treaty. 2:00:30 Daniel Maffei: I actually have to admit, I'm a little confused as to why some of the senators asking these questions, Senator Blackburn, aren't more concerned about the biggest port in the United Kingdom being run by the Chinese. Petraeus in the port nearest Athens, one of the biggest ports in the Mediterranean, is not just run by a Chinese-linked company, it's run directly by a Chinese-owned company, and I was there. So you're on to something, but if you're just focusing on Panama, that's only part. 2:01:45 Louis Sola: About a year ago, when we were having this drought issue, there was also a lot of focus on Iran and how they were funding Hamas and the Houthis because they were attacking the Red Sea. What the United States has found is that Iranian vessels are sometimes flagged by Panama in order to avoid sanctions, so that they could sell the fuel that they have, and then they can take that money and then they can use it as they wish. Panama, at the time, had a very complicated process to de-flag the vessels. There was an investigation, there was an appeals process. By the time that OFAC or Treasury would go ahead and identify one of those vessels, by the time that they were doing the appeals and stuff like this, they've already changed flags to somewhere else. So when we went to Panama, we met with the Panamanian president, and I must say that we were very impressed, because he was 30 minutes late, but he was breaking relations with Venezuela at the time because the election was the day before. We explained to him the situation. The very next day, we met with the maritime minister, with US embassy personnel and Panama actually adjusted their appeals process so to make it more expedient, so if the United States or OFAC would come and say that this Iranian vessel is avoiding sanctions, now we have a process in place to go ahead and do that, and 53 vessels were de-flagged because of that. 2:06:05 Sen. John Curtis (R-UT): Is there any reason that China can't watch or do whatever they want from this bridge to get the intel from these containers? And does that concern anybody? Louis Sola: Well, it definitely concerns Southern Command, because they've brought it up on numerous occasions that there could be some sort of surveillance or something like that on the bridges. 2:20:30 Sen. Tim Sheehy (R-MT): We segregate ourselves artificially in a way that they do not. We segregate ourselves. Let's talk about military. Let's talk about intelligence. Let's talk about economics. They don't. China doesn't work that way. It's a whole of government approach. They don't draw a delineation between an economics discussion and a military one. And their attack may not look like Pearl Harbor. It may look like an everyday ship that decides, you know, it pulls into the locks and blows itself up. And now the locks are non-functional for our usage, and we can't support an inter ocean fleet transfer, and our ability to defend it, as you referred to Chairman, is now inhibited by the fact that we no longer have the military infrastructure around the canal that we did just as recently as 1999. 2:21:10 Sen. Tim Sheehy (R-MT): So from a commercial perspective, do the shipping companies have concerns over the security of the narrow waterways? We've the Strait to Malacca, we've got the Suez Canal, we've got Gibraltar, we've got Panama. Is that a concern that's thrown around in the boardrooms of the largest shipping corporations in the world? Joseph Kramek: Senator, I think it's something they think about every day. I mean, really, it's drawn into sharp relief with the Red Sea. It was what I call a pink flamingo. There's black swans that just come up and there's pink flamingos that you can see, but you don't act. But no one really thought a whole lot that one of the most important waterways in the world could be denied, and moreover, that it could be denied for such a sustained period. The good news is that -- Sen. Tim Sheehy (R-MT): And denied, I might add, by a disaffected non-state actor of Bedouins running around with rocket launchers, who also managed to beat us in a 20 year war in Afghanistan. My point to saying all this is we're just debating operational control of the canal, yet it seems very clear to all of us that a very simple act can debilitate the canal and eliminate our ability to use it in a matter of minutes with no warning, and we have no ability to intervene or stop that. To me, that means we do not have operational control of the canal. 2:30:40 Daniel Maffei: I will say that certainly we need to look at other kinds of ways to get US companies in positions where they can truly compete with the Chinese on some of these things. Blaming it all on Panama really misses the point. I've seen the same thing in Greece, where Greece didn't want to give the concession of its largest port to a Chinese company, but because of its financial difficulties, it was getting pressure from international organizations such the IMF, Europe and even maybe some of the United States to do so. So I just ask you to look at that. 2:31:20 Daniel Maffei: Panamanians are making far more on their canal than they ever have before. That's not necessarily a bad thing, as long as it's going to the right place. But where they're really making the money is on these auctions, and that is why it remains a concern of mine and I'm sure the chairman's. That is where we are looking at, potentially, using our authority under Section 19 of the Merchant Marine Act where we could, if we can show that it is a problem with the foreign trade of the US, it's interfering with foreign trade of the US, there are certain things that we can do. Senate Foreign Relations Committee January 15, 2024 Clips 4:01:40 Marco Rubio: The thing with Panama on the canal is not new. I visited there. It was 2016. I think I've consistently seen people express concern about it, and it's encapsulized here in quote after quote. Let me tell you the former US ambassador who served under President Obama said: "the Chinese see in Panama what we saw in Panama throughout the 20th century, a maritime and aviation logistics hub." The immediate past head of Southern Command, General Laura Richardson, said, "I was just in Panama about a month ago and flying along the Panama Canal and looking at the state owned enterprises from the People's Republic of China on each side of the Panama Canal. They look like civilian companies or state owned enterprises that could be used for dual use and could be quickly changed over to a military capability." We see questions that were asked by the ranking member in the house China Select Committee, where he asked a witness and they agreed that in a time of conflict, China could use its presence on both ends of the canal as a choke point against the United States in a conflict situation. So the concerns about Panama have been expressed by people on both sides of the aisle for at least the entire time that I've been in the United States Senate, and they've only accelerated further. And this is a very legitimate issue that we face there. I'm not prepared to answer this question because I haven't looked at the legal research behind it yet, but I'm compelled to suspect that an argument could be made that the terms under which that canal were turned over have been violated. Because while technically, sovereignty over the canal has not been turned over to a foreign power, in reality, a foreign power today possesses, through their companies, which we know are not independent, the ability to turn the canal into a choke point in a moment of conflict. And that is a direct threat to the national interest and security the United States, and is particularly galling given the fact that we paid for it and that 5,000 Americans died making it. That said, Panama is a great partner on a lot of other issues, and I hope we can resolve this issue of the canal and of its security, and also continue to work with them cooperatively on a host of issues we share in common, including what to do with migration. 4:38:35 Sen. Mike Lee (R-UT): Now, President Trump has recently talked a little bit about the fact that there are some questions arising about the status of the Panama Canal. When we look to the treaty at issue, the treaty concerning the permanent neutrality and operation of the Panama Canal, we're reminded that some things maybe aren't quite as they should be there right now. Given that the Chinese now control major ports at the entry and the exit to the canal, it seems appropriate to say that there's at least an open question. There's some doubt as to whether the canal remains neutral. Would you agree with that assessment? Marco Rubio: Yes. Here's the challenge. Number one, I want to be clear about something. The Panamanian government, particularly its current office holders, are very friendly to the United States and very cooperative, and we want that to continue, and I want to bifurcate that from the broader issue of the canal. Now I am not, President Trump is not inventing this. This is something that's existed now for at least a decade. In my service here, I took a trip to Panama in 2017. When on that trip to Panama in 2017 it was the central issue we discussed about the canal, and that is that Chinese companies control port facilities at both ends of the canal, the east and the west, and the concerns among military officials and security officials, including in Panama, at that point, that that could one day be used as a choke point to impede commerce in a moment of conflict. Going back to that I -- earlier before you got here, and I don't want to have to dig through this folder to find it again, but -- basically cited how the immediate past head of Southern Command, just retired general Richardson, said she flew over the canal, looked down and saw those Chinese port facilities, and said Those look like dual use facilities that in a moment of conflict, could be weaponized against us. The bipartisan China commission over in the House last year, had testimony and hearings on this issue, and members of both parties expressed concern. The former ambassador to Panama under President Obama has expressed those concerns. This is a legitimate issue that needs to be confronted. The second point is the one you touched upon, and that is, look, could an argument be made, and I'm not prepared to answer it yet, because it's something we're going to have to study very carefully. But I think I have an inkling of I know where this is going to head. Can an argument be made that the Chinese basically have effective control of the canal anytime they want? Because if they order a Chinese company that controls the ports to shut it down or impede our transit, they will have to do so. There are no independent Chinese companies. They all exist because they've been identified as national champions. They're supported by the Chinese government. And if you don't do what they want, they find a new CEO, and you end up being replaced and removed. So they're under the complete control of their government. This is a legitimate question, and one that Senators Risch had some insight as well. He mentioned that in passing that needs to be looked at. This is not a joke. The Panama Canal issue is a very serious one. 4:44:30 Marco Rubio: In 2016 and 2017 that was well understood that part of the investments they made in Panama were conditioned upon Panama's ability to convince the Dominican Republic and other countries to flip their recognition away from Taiwan. That happened. Jen Briney's Recent Guest Appearances Travis Makes Money: Give and Take: Music by Editing Production Assistance

And Alexander wept, seeing as he had no more worlds to conquer. That’s a quote from Hans Gruber in Die Hard, which is a very convoluted paraphrase from Plutarch’s essay collection Moralia. There’s plenty of truth in that unattributed quote from Mr. Gruber. Alexander the Great’s death at 323 BC in Babylon marked the end of the most consequential military campaign in antiquity. He left behind an empire that stretched from Greece to India, planted the seeds of the Silk Road, and made Greek an international language across Eurasia, all in 13 short years. He became and remained the biggest celebrity in the ancient world, probably only replaced by Jesus a few centuries into the Christian era. But what if he had not died as a young man? What if he had lived years or decades more? How much more influence could he have had? We have clues about Alexander’s plans for the future – and they come from Greek chroniclers Diodorus and Arrian, writing centuries after his death. They include conquering the Mediterranean coast all the way to the Pillars of Hercules (Rock of Gibraltar), building a tomb for his father Philp that would be as large as the Great Pyramid of Giza, and transplanting populations from Greece to Persia and vice versa to unite his domains through intermarriage.To explore this hypothetical scenario is Anthony Everitt, author of “Alexander the Great: His Life and Mysterious Death.” We look at the life of the most influential person in the ancient world, and explore the ramifications of his life having even more influence.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Steve Ruffley transitioned from a highly competitive trading floor environment to trading professionally as a retail trader. His entrance into trading was unplanned - a mix of ambition, timing, and the right connections. After leaving university early, he took a finance job and then moved to Gibraltar, where he met traders running a new trading floor. Intrigued, he joined their intense graduate program, enduring six weeks of brutal tests where failure meant dismissal. The trading floor was an adrenaline-fueled world - rows of screens, high-stakes trades, and a culture of camaraderie and competition. This experience undoubtedly shaped his trading mindset, philosophy, and technique, where risk is not a dirty word, and size and speed are essential. Steve is also a trading mentor and the author of his latest book, “The Pro Retail Trader”. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices