Podcasts about Plains Indians

The famed "Custer's Last Stand" at the hands of Native Americans defending their villages is a reminder of the brutality of the US war against the Plains Indians. History tells us that the "heroic" George Armstrong Custer was really the "reckless" Custer who died underestimating his foe.Original article: https://mises.org/mises-wire/little-bighorn-anniversary-remember-custers-crimes

Though almost driven to extinction in the 1800s, this massive bovine has made a comeback – thanks in part to the popularity of its rich meat. Anney and Lauren herd together the history and science behind American bison.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

For the twenty-fourth installment of “50 Weeks That Shaped America” we go to the Montana Territory in the spring of 1876. General George Custer (and his cinnamon-scented hair) have been sent to the area to defeat the Plains Indians. But at the Battle Of Little Bighorn (aka Custer's Last Stand) things would go awry. Over two episodes, we discuss the post-Civil-War Westward expansion; how Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse mounted an Indian defense; and how a bloody defeat was spun into a military legend. Plus: How America was celebrating the centennial that year.Join our America250 newsletter community! Subscribe for free to get the latest news and analysis of how America250 is playing out. Paying subscribers get access to early, ad-free versions of the show. Plus bonus features throughout the year. To support our work and get access to everything, subscribe now.This Day is a proud member of Radiotopia from PRX.Your support helps foster independent, artist-owned podcasts and award-winning stories.If you want to support the show directly, you can do so on our website: ThisDayPod.comGet in touch if you have any ideas for future topics, or just want to say hello. Follow us on social @thisdaypodOur team: Jacob Feldman, Researcher/Producer; Khawla Nakua, Transcripts; music by Teen Daze and Blue Dot Sessions; Audrey Mardavich is our Executive Producer at Radiotopia. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

Send us Fan MailA river can look calm and still be a trap. We drop into the Solomon River valley in 1857, where the U.S. Army launches what many consider the first true campaign against the Plains Indians in this series: the Cheyenne Campaign of 1857, better known as the Battle of Solomon Fork in northwest Kansas. The stakes are bigger than a single clash. This is the collision between a mobile Cheyenne world built on buffalo hunting, raiding, and shifting boundaries and a United States determined to impose fixed lines, enforce policy, and protect overland migration routes. We walk through the pressure cooker that builds after the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851, when rising immigrant traffic and wagon-train attacks trigger reprisals and then retaliation. With Secretary of War Jefferson Davis demanding punishment, Colonel Edwin V. “Bull” Sumner takes a stripped-down “scout in force” into Cheyenne country, leaning on speed, discipline, and a mix of units that includes 1st Cavalry, infantry support, prairie howitzers, and Indigenous scouts like Pawnee and Delaware trackers. The heart of the story comes from soldier Robert E. Peck, whose eyewitness detail turns a textbook campaign into a lived experience: night fires, exhausting trails past abandoned villages, and the moment Cheyenne warriors mount and form a bold line across the valley. Then Sumner makes the choice that defines the fight, ordering a saber charge that stuns opponents who expected a gun battle at distance. We end with the brutal intimacy of close-quarters combat and the unanswered question of what “success” even means in a frontier war built to terrify and control. If you care about U.S. Army history, the Cheyenne Indian Wars, and the real mechanics of conflict on the Great Plains, listen now, then subscribe, share the episode, and leave a review. What part of Peck's account changed how you picture the Plains wars?Support the showIf you'd like to buy one or more of our fully illustrated dime novel publications, you can click the link I've included. 

Send us a textGold rushes change landscapes—both physical and human. When 100,000 settlers poured into Colorado Territory following the 1858 discovery of gold, they unknowingly set in motion a chain of events that would culminate in one of America's most controversial military actions. The newcomers' wagons followed water sources critical to both buffalo herds and the nomadic Plains Indians who depended on them for survival. As these resources vanished, tensions escalated into violence.Historian Jeff Broome takes us deep into the complexities of the Sand Creek Massacre, challenging simplified narratives through meticulous primary source research. His account traces the growing conflict through 1864—from the killing of Cheyenne Chief Lean Bear to the Hungate family murders to the failed Camp Weld peace conference. Each incident represents a thread in a complex tapestry of cultural misunderstanding, economic pressure, and political maneuvering.What makes Broome's perspective particularly valuable is his commitment to evidence over preconception. Despite discovering his own great-great-uncle fought with the 3rd Colorado Cavalry at Sand Creek, Broome maintains his dedication to letting archaeological findings and primary documents guide his conclusions. His willingness to revise established stories when evidence contradicts them—as with his discoveries at the Hungate massacre site—demonstrates true historical integrity. Most poignantly, Broome finds common ground with Native perspectives by acknowledging the profound cultural trauma of boarding schools that severed Indigenous peoples' connections to their ancestors by prohibiting their languages.Don't miss Dr. Broome's upcoming presentation on October 4th at the Dodge City Library, where he'll continue exploring these complex historical narratives. For more on the American West, subscribe to our podcast on iTunes or visit wildwestpodcastbuzzsprout.com. Questions or comments? Reach us at wildwestpodcast@gmail.com.Support the showIf you'd like to buy one or more of our fully illustrated dime novel publications, you can click the link I've included.

In 1833, Congress authorized a new regiment in the Army that would combine the skills of Regular Army soldiers with the frontier savvy of the Rangers. The First Dragoon Regiment was tasked with being the first U.S. envoy to make contact with the Plains Indian tribes to negotiate for peace. The 500-person strong Dragoon unit set out in June 1834 to fulfill their mission, but their journey was fraught with lack of water, sickness, and death. In this episode, Trait Thompson and Dr. Bob Blackburn discuss the hardships the Dragoons endured to establish relations with the Comanches, Wichitas, and Kiowas. Their guest is Correy Twilley, director of the U.S. Army Air Defense Artillery Training Support Facility at Fort Sill.

THE YOUNG U.S. Cavalry captain was getting a little frustrated. He was explaining to the short, fireplug-shaped German man with the serious mouth and commanding eyes why he really, really should turn around. It was the spring of 1855, you see, and the Oregon Trail had been going full steam for about a decade. The Sioux tribes, along with other Plains Indian tribes, had been nonplussed at first by the torrent of travelers, but by now they were really alarmed, and they had started attacking wagon trains. The German man was Dr. Wilhelm Keil, and he was the leader of a particularly large wagon train. Well, actually that wasn't quite true — the man who was leading the wagon train was Dr. Keil's 19-year-old son, Willie. But Willie was dead. (Aurora Mills, Clackamas County; 1850s) (For text and pictures, see https://offbeatoregon.com/2404b-1007c.aurora-colony-willie-keil-311.644.html)

Chapter 1 What's Cheyenne Autumn by Mari Sandoz"Cheyenne Autumn" is a historical novel by Mari Sandoz, published in 1953. The book recounts the Cheyenne tribe's harrowing journey in 1878, as they attempted to return to their homeland in Wyoming after being forcibly relocated to reservations in Oklahoma. Through rich, evocative prose, Sandoz explores the themes of displacement, resilience, and the struggle for identity amidst the overwhelming forces of American expansionism.The narrative highlights key figures such as Chief Dull Knife and the challenges faced by the Cheyenne, including hunger, illness, and the brutal realities of life on the plains. Sandoz's empathetic portrayal gives voice to the Cheyenne people, shedding light on their culture, traditions, and the deep impact of colonization. The novel serves as both a poignant historical account and a reflection on the enduring spirit of a proud people.Chapter 2 Cheyenne Autumn by Mari Sandoz Summary"Cheyenne Autumn" by Mari Sandoz is a historical novel that vividly recounts the experiences of the Cheyenne people during the 1870s, focusing on their struggles and resilience in the face of westward expansion and U.S. government policies. The narrative primarily follows the Cheyenne tribe, particularly highlighting the journey and hardships faced by a group of Cheyenne led by a chief named Little Wolf as they seek to return to their homeland after being relocated to a barren reservation in Oklahoma. Central to the story is the theme of survival and the deep connection the Cheyenne have to their land, culture, and identity. The characters are depicted with depth, showcasing their traditions, spirituality, and the bonds of community amidst the suffering caused by violence, starvation, and broken treaties.The novel also explores the conflict between the U.S. government and Native American tribes, illustrating the injustices perpetrated against the Cheyenne. As the story unfolds, readers experience the courage and determination of the Cheyenne as they undertake the perilous journey northward, battling not just the elements but also their own disillusionment and trauma.Through rich descriptions and a blend of historical fact and fiction, Sandoz emphasizes the plight of the Cheyenne and other Native American tribes, making the narrative a powerful commentary on the impact of colonization and the importance of cultural preservation.Chapter 3 Cheyenne Autumn AuthorMari Sandoz was an American author born on May 11, 1896, in Warren, Nebraska, and she passed away on March 10, 1966. She is best known for her works that capture the history and experiences of the Great Plains, particularly in relation to Native Americans and early settlers. Cheyenne AutumnSandoz released Cheyenne Autumn in 1953. This historical novel focuses on the Cheyenne people's struggles and the forced relocation they faced, depicting both the Cheyenne and the American government's perspectives. It stands as a notable commentary on the injustices faced by Native Americans and reflects Sandoz's commitment to understanding and portraying their culture. Other Notable WorksMari Sandoz wrote several other books, including:Son of the Gamblin' Man (1945)Old Jules (1935) This semi-autobiographical work about her father is one of her most acclaimed books.The Battle of the Rosebud (1944) A historical novel about the battle involving Crazy Horse.The Cattlemen: From the Rio Grande to Montana (1941) A comprehensive account of the cattle ranching industry.The Horse and the Plains Indians (1955) A notable work highlighting the relationship between Native Americans and horses. Best EditionDetermining the "best" edition can vary based on personal preference—some readers prefer the original texts for their authenticity, while others prefer updated editions with additional...

In early 1866, Central Pacific workers were stalled in California, facing the monumental task of blasting 15 tunnels through solid granite in the Sierra Nevada mountains. Thousands of Chinese laborers would be pushed to their breaking point.One-thousand miles to the east, workers on the Union Pacific faced Plains Indians desperate to defend their ancestral homelands from the encroaching railroad.But the men in charge of the railroads knew that every mile of track meant money in their pockets, and they would stop at nothing to capture victory.Order your copy of the new American History Tellers book, The Hidden History of the White House, for behind-the-scenes stories of some of the most dramatic events in American history—set right inside the house where it happened.Be the first to know about Wondery's newest podcasts, curated recommendations, and more! Sign up now at https://wondery.fm/wonderynewsletterListen to American History Tellers on the Wondery App or wherever you get your podcasts. Experience all episodes ad-free and be the first to binge the newest season. Unlock exclusive early access by joining Wondery+ in the Wondery App, Apple Podcasts or Spotify. Start your free trial today by visiting wondery.com/links/american-history-tellers/ now.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

One of the most famous battles in the history of the American West took place in June 1876.  An alliance of the Lakota Sioux, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho tribes faced off against the United States cavalry.  The battle was a route and one of the most devastating losses for the American military, as well as one of the greatest victories for Plains Indians.  The victory, however, was only temporary as the victory led to an even bigger response, and the loss was actually glorified in the United States for decades. Learn more about the Battle of the Little Bighorn and how it shaped the American West on this episode of Everything Everywhere Daily. Sponsors Sign up at butcherbox.com/daily and use code daily to get chicken breast, salmon or ground beef FREE in every order for a year plus $20 off your first order! Subscribe to the podcast!  https://link.chtbl.com/EverythingEverywhere?sid=ShowNotes -------------------------------- Executive Producer: Charles Daniel Associate Producers: Ben Long & Cameron Kieffer   Become a supporter on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/everythingeverywhere Update your podcast app at newpodcastapps.com Discord Server: https://discord.gg/UkRUJFh Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/everythingeverywhere/ Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/everythingeverywheredaily Twitter: https://twitter.com/everywheretrip Website: https://everything-everywhere.com/  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Send us a textEver wondered how military forts without traditional defenses managed to secure the American West during the 1860s? Discover the strategic brilliance behind Kansas forts like Fort Zara and Fort Larned, as we unravel their critical roles along the Santa Fe and Smoky Hill Trails. Through the voices of historical figures such as Elizabeth Custer, we bring to light the stark living conditions and immense challenges soldiers faced while safeguarding settlers and aiding railroad construction.Journey with us into the heart of the Central Plains Indian Wars and witness the turbulent period of Kansas expansion from 1857 to 1868. Through the expert narration of Brad Smalley, we immerse you in the harsh realities experienced by early settlers amidst Indian incursions and the resulting conflicts. Explore the historical significance of the trails, forts, and treaties that defined this era, and enhance your understanding with the accompanying audio book available on Amazon. This episode promises a gripping exploration of the dramatic events that shaped the American West.Support the show

Which society was the first to domesticate the horse? It's a difficult question. The archaeological record is spotty, with only very recent advancements in genetics and carbon dating allowing scientists to really test centuries-old legends about where horses came from. For example, historians argued that the Botai civilization in Kazakhstan provided some of the earliest evidence of horse domestication–only for more recent studies to discover that the Botai domesticated an entirely different species of horse altogether. Even a lot more recent horse domestication has a less certain starting date, with recent studies suggesting that the Plains Indians domesticated horses at least a century earlier than originally thought. William T. Taylor is Assistant Professor and Curator of Archaeology at the University of Colorado Museum of Natural History in Boulder. He was part of several archaeological expeditions to test some of the proposed starting points for horse domestication—some of which are portrayed in his latest book Hoof Beats: How Horses Shaped Human History (University of California Press: 2024) You can find more reviews, excerpts, interviews, and essays at The Asian Review of Books, including its review of Hoof Beats. Follow on Twitter at @BookReviewsAsia. Nicholas Gordon is an editor for a global magazine, and a reviewer for the Asian Review of Books. He can be found on Twitter at @nickrigordon. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

Which society was the first to domesticate the horse? It's a difficult question. The archaeological record is spotty, with only very recent advancements in genetics and carbon dating allowing scientists to really test centuries-old legends about where horses came from. For example, historians argued that the Botai civilization in Kazakhstan provided some of the earliest evidence of horse domestication–only for more recent studies to discover that the Botai domesticated an entirely different species of horse altogether. Even a lot more recent horse domestication has a less certain starting date, with recent studies suggesting that the Plains Indians domesticated horses at least a century earlier than originally thought. William T. Taylor is Assistant Professor and Curator of Archaeology at the University of Colorado Museum of Natural History in Boulder. He was part of several archaeological expeditions to test some of the proposed starting points for horse domestication—some of which are portrayed in his latest book Hoof Beats: How Horses Shaped Human History (University of California Press: 2024) You can find more reviews, excerpts, interviews, and essays at The Asian Review of Books, including its review of Hoof Beats. Follow on Twitter at @BookReviewsAsia. Nicholas Gordon is an editor for a global magazine, and a reviewer for the Asian Review of Books. He can be found on Twitter at @nickrigordon. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

Which society was the first to domesticate the horse? It's a difficult question. The archaeological record is spotty, with only very recent advancements in genetics and carbon dating allowing scientists to really test centuries-old legends about where horses came from. For example, historians argued that the Botai civilization in Kazakhstan provided some of the earliest evidence of horse domestication–only for more recent studies to discover that the Botai domesticated an entirely different species of horse altogether. Even a lot more recent horse domestication has a less certain starting date, with recent studies suggesting that the Plains Indians domesticated horses at least a century earlier than originally thought. William T. Taylor is Assistant Professor and Curator of Archaeology at the University of Colorado Museum of Natural History in Boulder. He was part of several archaeological expeditions to test some of the proposed starting points for horse domestication—some of which are portrayed in his latest book Hoof Beats: How Horses Shaped Human History (University of California Press: 2024) You can find more reviews, excerpts, interviews, and essays at The Asian Review of Books, including its review of Hoof Beats. Follow on Twitter at @BookReviewsAsia. Nicholas Gordon is an editor for a global magazine, and a reviewer for the Asian Review of Books. He can be found on Twitter at @nickrigordon. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Which society was the first to domesticate the horse? It's a difficult question. The archaeological record is spotty, with only very recent advancements in genetics and carbon dating allowing scientists to really test centuries-old legends about where horses came from. For example, historians argued that the Botai civilization in Kazakhstan provided some of the earliest evidence of horse domestication–only for more recent studies to discover that the Botai domesticated an entirely different species of horse altogether. Even a lot more recent horse domestication has a less certain starting date, with recent studies suggesting that the Plains Indians domesticated horses at least a century earlier than originally thought. William T. Taylor is Assistant Professor and Curator of Archaeology at the University of Colorado Museum of Natural History in Boulder. He was part of several archaeological expeditions to test some of the proposed starting points for horse domestication—some of which are portrayed in his latest book Hoof Beats: How Horses Shaped Human History (University of California Press: 2024) You can find more reviews, excerpts, interviews, and essays at The Asian Review of Books, including its review of Hoof Beats. Follow on Twitter at @BookReviewsAsia. Nicholas Gordon is an editor for a global magazine, and a reviewer for the Asian Review of Books. He can be found on Twitter at @nickrigordon. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/science-technology-and-society

Which society was the first to domesticate the horse? It's a difficult question. The archaeological record is spotty, with only very recent advancements in genetics and carbon dating allowing scientists to really test centuries-old legends about where horses came from. For example, historians argued that the Botai civilization in Kazakhstan provided some of the earliest evidence of horse domestication–only for more recent studies to discover that the Botai domesticated an entirely different species of horse altogether. Even a lot more recent horse domestication has a less certain starting date, with recent studies suggesting that the Plains Indians domesticated horses at least a century earlier than originally thought. William T. Taylor is Assistant Professor and Curator of Archaeology at the University of Colorado Museum of Natural History in Boulder. He was part of several archaeological expeditions to test some of the proposed starting points for horse domestication—some of which are portrayed in his latest book Hoof Beats: How Horses Shaped Human History (University of California Press: 2024) You can find more reviews, excerpts, interviews, and essays at The Asian Review of Books, including its review of Hoof Beats. Follow on Twitter at @BookReviewsAsia. Nicholas Gordon is an editor for a global magazine, and a reviewer for the Asian Review of Books. He can be found on Twitter at @nickrigordon. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/asian-review

Which society was the first to domesticate the horse? It's a difficult question. The archaeological record is spotty, with only very recent advancements in genetics and carbon dating allowing scientists to really test centuries-old legends about where horses came from. For example, historians argued that the Botai civilization in Kazakhstan provided some of the earliest evidence of horse domestication–only for more recent studies to discover that the Botai domesticated an entirely different species of horse altogether. Even a lot more recent horse domestication has a less certain starting date, with recent studies suggesting that the Plains Indians domesticated horses at least a century earlier than originally thought. William T. Taylor is Assistant Professor and Curator of Archaeology at the University of Colorado Museum of Natural History in Boulder. He was part of several archaeological expeditions to test some of the proposed starting points for horse domestication—some of which are portrayed in his latest book Hoof Beats: How Horses Shaped Human History (University of California Press: 2024) You can find more reviews, excerpts, interviews, and essays at The Asian Review of Books, including its review of Hoof Beats. Follow on Twitter at @BookReviewsAsia. Nicholas Gordon is an editor for a global magazine, and a reviewer for the Asian Review of Books. He can be found on Twitter at @nickrigordon. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Churro Sheep remains an icon of resilience and adaptability in the Southwest. On this show we welcome Jennifer Douglass, Founder and Executive Director of Rio Milagro Foundation [https://www.riomilagro.org/], to discuss her work with the Churro on her farm in New Mexico. First introduced by Spanish conquerors, the Churro became a sacred part of the pastoral Diné or Navajo way of life and was also essential to various Indigenous tribes and Hispanic communities of New Mexico and Mexico, including the Pueblo and Tarahumara. The Churro Sheep has come to symbolize aspects of Diné cultural identity, nomadic lifeways and iconic traditions, including their long history of weaving. Both the Diné people and the Churro endured multiple threats and extermination campaigns and federal management policies which were akin to the genocidal attempts to eliminate Buffalo and the Plains Indians. By 1970, only 450 original Churro Sheep remained, however due to the combined efforts of Indigenous shepherds, researchers and instrumental people like Dr. Lyle McNeal and the Navajo Sheep Project, the Churro are still here. They are an essential part of regenerating dryland regions and fragile desert ecosystems, contribute to the health of biocrusts and bear cultural significance for the Diné and other Indigenous communities of the Southwest. Many are working to ensure the primitive Churro sheep will thrive well into the future. Jennifer Douglass is here to tell us more about this remarkable breed and why its inheritance matters for restoration ecology, cultural legacy and future generations. For an extended interview and other benefits, become an EcoJustice Radio patron at https://www.patreon.com/ecojusticeradio LINKS https://tilth.org/stories/threads-of-tradition/ Jennifer Douglass is a social practice artist, shepherd, and environmental activist that has devoted most of her life to protecting ecology in the West and creative ways of bridging ideologies between loss of biodiversity, and human impact. She is Executive Director for Rio Milagro Foundation [https://www.riomilagro.org/] and runs a women-led farm (Rio Milagro Farm [https://www.riomilagrofarm.com/]), dedicated to conservation in both restorative ecology and the preservation of the landrace primitive genetics of Churro sheep in the southwest. She has spent most of her adult life devoted to understanding the role landraces like the Churro have in carbon sequestering and soil regeneration in arid regions. Carry Kim, Co-Host of EcoJustice Radio. An advocate for ecosystem restoration, Indigenous lifeways, and a new humanity born of connection and compassion, she is a long-time volunteer for SoCal350, member of Ecosystem Restoration Camps, and a co-founder of the Soil Sponge Collective, a grassroots community organization dedicated to big and small scale regeneration of Mother Earth. Podcast Website: http://ecojusticeradio.org/ Podcast Blog: https://www.wilderutopia.com/category/ecojustice-radio/ Support the Podcast: Patreon https://www.patreon.com/ecojusticeradio PayPal https://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=LBGXTRM292TFC&source=url Executive Producer and Intro: Jack Eidt Hosted by Carry Kim Engineer and Original Music: Blake Quake Beats Episode 230 Photo credit: Jennifer Douglass

Join Paul LaRoche as he shares a true American story of hidden heritage and cultural pride. This episode takes you through a memorable journey featuring outdoor adventures, family bonding, and the rich traditions of Native American life. Experience a delightful fishing trip on Upper Lake Taneycomo near Branson, Missouri, with Paul's son Shane and expert fishing guide Pete Hanson. Discover the beauty of fly fishing and the serene surroundings, as well as the challenges and triumphs of catching trout in this idyllic setting. Travel to the Lower Brule Sioux Reservation in South Dakota for a traditional buffalo hunt, a significant cultural event for the Plains Indians. Witness the deep respect and honor the Lakota people hold for the buffalo, a vital part of their survival and spiritual connection. Through engaging stories and beautiful landscapes, this episode highlights the enduring legacy and resilience of Native American traditions, offering a glimpse into the past and its relevance today.

Late summer insects buzz in Cimarron County, the remote westernmost section of the Oklahoma Panhandle. (It is the only county in the United States that borders four additional states: Colorado, New Mexico, Texas and Kansas. In the 19th century, the region - ancestral lands of the Southern Plains Wichita and Affiliated Tribes - was under the flags of Spain and then an independent Mexico before being claimed by the Republic of Texas. Upon entering the United States in 1845, Texas ceded the area north of 36°30′ latitude to remain a slave state. From 1850-90, the area was called the Public Land Strip, popularly known as No Man's Land. In 1890, the strip of land was opened for settlement for migrants from across the nation and world and incorporated into Oklahoma Territory. In 1907, the area joined the Union as part of the state of Oklahoma, which also included the former Indian Territory, where tribes were forcibly located on the Trail of Tears. The sounds recorded are much like those heard over the centuries by Plains Indians, European explorers, and the settler farmers and ranchers, many of whom abandoned their spreads during the epic droughts and wind storms of the Great Dust Bowl of the 1930s. Today, the 1,841 square mile area is home to 2,252 hardy residents, many of whom subsist off the land. To them, this is the sound of home. Recorded by M.J. Alexander. Part of the Migration Sounds project, the world's first collection of the sounds of human migration.  For more information and to explore the project, see https://www.citiesandmemory.com/migration IMAGE: Tony Hisgett from Birmingham, UK, CC BY 2.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

Welcome back to Higher  Density Living. In this episode, we are joined by Martin Pytela, the founder of Life Enthusiast. Pytela dedicated his life to natural health and wellness. From his early experiences with mercury poisoning to becoming a Certified Metabolic Typing Advisor, Pytela's personal health challenges have fueled his mission to help others achieve optimal health. Through Life Enthusiast, he provides access to high-quality natural supplements and educates his audience on holistic healing practices. His work continues to inspire many to seek healthier, more balanced lives through natural means.    This episode tales the life of Martin's personal story health and growth in recovering from major health problems. Martin Pytela grew up in a society where about 20% of the population was under the payroll of a totalitarian regime — nowadays, this is often referred to as the deep state.    Martin's father is the son of a butcher who had been branded a capitalist and an exploiter of the working class merely for employing three people. In 1952, the father's 'incorrect' class background led to his expulsion from university. Despite this setback and two years of compulsory military service, he eventually managed to complete his education. During Martin's teenage years, their conversations were fraught with caution. At 13, Martin was too young and naive to fully understand the complexities of their situation, being indoctrinated by school and government propaganda.    By the age of sixteen, Martin began to see the truth. The pivotal moment came when Soviet tanks rolled into their country in 1968. Witnessing this at 16, and becoming fully aware by the age of 24, Martin realized he had to leave. The situation was dire, with no signs of change or revolution. He felt trapped in a web of lies—lies that everyone knew were false but perpetuated anyway. During his time at university, Martin even passed a state board exam in Marxist-Leninist doctrine, fully aware that he was merely parroting the ideology to a committee. It was all a pretense, a charade in which everyone participated.   Martin's escape from this oppressive regime was on a one-way ticket. He sought asylum in and saw two paths to totalitarianism: one where the government controls everything, and another where big business holds sway over the government.    After reaching Austria, Martin navigated the standard immigration process to get to Canada. At that time, immigration was not characterized by the mass movements seen today.    As a refugee, Martin manage to financially survive due to the kind generosity and opportunities in Canada. The government provided a six-month language course and sufficient support for modest living accommodations. Once the course was completed, Martin found an employment. At 24, he was young, healthy, and ready to work. The job paid well with union wages and wasn't overly strenuous. Martin arrived in Canada with the determination to integrate fully into society, aiming to become part of the melting pot.    In Austria, Martin's education and qualifications were instantly recognized, allowing him to find professional employment easily. However, socially, he never felt fully accepted. In Canada, the opposite was true. People were welcoming and eager to hear his story, inviting him to social gatherings. Professionally, though, they questioned his lack of Canadian experience despite his university degree. This meant starting at the bottom of the professional ladder. Working at the sawmill turned out to be a blessing in disguise. The job was fully unionized, and after 90 days, Martin had comprehensive health coverage, including dental. When he visited a dentist, he was told he had 12 cavities and needed mercury amalgam fillings, which the dentist referred to as "silver fillings." Trusting the dentist, Martin went ahead with the treatment. He might not have needed all those fillings, but with health insurance covering the costs, he wasn't concerned. Unfortunately, this led to mercury toxicity, and the following decade was marked by serious health issues.   Reflecting on his journey from a controlled society to a free country, Martin saw a complex mix of challenges and growth. His story was one of resilience, adapting to new environments, and the continuous struggle to integrate and thrive in a new world.   In the course of his life, Martin encountered a medical practice that, to his surprise, persisted into the modern era: the use of mercury amalgam fillings. Despite being aware of its potential dangers, he observed that many people today still receive mercury in their dental treatments and vaccinations. This realization was shocking, especially as it led to significant health issues for him.   Martin recounted how, shortly after receiving mercury fillings, he began experiencing severe health problems. He developed carpal tunnel syndrome and plantar fasciitis, and eventually, his back deteriorated to the point where he could no longer maintain his job at a sawmill. His body seemed to be falling apart under the toxicity of the mercury, requiring frequent visits to a chiropractor to realign his collapsing bodily structures.   This period marked a dramatic decline in Martin's health. Within a year, he faced debilitating back problems, leading to years of extreme pain and disability. His condition forced him into a cycle of brief recoveries followed by recurrent episodes of incapacitation. At times, he could not sleep lying down and resorted to sleeping face down on a rocking chair. He often found himself crawling to the bathroom, unable to stand or walk due to the severity of his condition. Once Martin understood the source of his suffering, he embarked on a journey to detoxify his body. By the age of 35, he had educated himself extensively on the subject and began to recover from the damage. His quest for knowledge and health led him to explore alternative healing practices, including hypnotherapy and neuro-linguistic programming, which helped him address the mental and emotional aspects of his healing.   Martin's experience underscored a significant difference between conventional and functional medicine. He noted that while conventional medicine—sponsored by entities like Rockefeller and Carnegie—focused on treating symptoms, functional medicine sought to identify and address the root causes of health problems. Martin contrasted this with practices like homeopathy, Chinese medicine, and Ayurveda, which aim to heal the patient completely rather than simply manage symptoms.   He observed that the mainstream medical industry often perpetuates a cycle where patients remain dependent on treatments without addressing the underlying issues. This approach, he argued, keeps patients coming back rather than truly curing them. Martin's perspective was that chronic diseases often stem from a combination of toxicity, malnutrition, and unresolved trauma, leading to a state of chronic inflammation in the body. Conditions like fibromyalgia, arthritis, and other inflammatory diseases could be better managed by finding and addressing their root causes.   Reflecting on the broader impact of industrialization, Martin saw a direct link between the rise of chronic diseases and the increasing levels of environmental toxins. From the burning of coal to the use of petrochemicals in agriculture, modern society has introduced numerous toxins into the environment that the human body is ill-equipped to handle. These toxins accumulate in the body over time and across generations, contributing to the prevalence of chronic health issues.   Additionally, Martin pointed out how modern agricultural practices have diminished the nutritional value of food. Crops are now grown for their ability to survive transport and look appealing on store shelves rather than for their nutritional content. The use of synthetic fertilizers has further depleted soils of essential micronutrients, resulting in food that, although abundant and attractive, is often lacking in the nutrients necessary for good health.   Martin's journey from understanding his own health issues to advocating for a broader awareness of the impacts of modern practices on health reflects a deep commitment to both personal and public well-being. His story highlights the importance of looking beyond symptoms to find true healing and the need for a more holistic approach to medicine and health.   The evolving understanding of genetics in mainstream medicine, highlighting a significant shift towards the belief that many health issues can be resolved through genetic intervention or modification. However, he introduces the concept of epigenetics as a more nuanced approach to understanding how our environment and lifestyle choices impact gene expression.   Martin also explained how metabolic typing helps people understand how their genetic heritage interacts with the food they eat. This concept is rooted in the idea that our ancestors' diets have shaped our genetic predispositions to certain foods. He gives the example of the Plains Indians, whose diets primarily consisted of buffalo meat and pemmican—a mixture of fat and protein from animals. They had no exposure to agricultural products like wheat, barley, or corn. When Europeans introduced these grains and alcohol, the Plains Indians' bodies, unaccustomed to these new foods, struggled to metabolize them effectively. This lack of genetic preparation led to metabolic disruptions.   Martin also addresses how different diets can influence the body's pH balance, affecting whether one becomes more alkaline or acidic. This balance plays a crucial role in overall health and can impact one's ability to gain or lose weight. Understanding one's metabolic dominance—the tendency to gain or lose weight—can be particularly useful for managing diet and health effectively.   The interplay between genetics and lifestyle choices highlights the importance of personalized nutrition and lifestyle strategies. Rather than a one-size-fits-all approach, understanding how your unique genetic makeup responds to different foods and environmental factors can lead to better health outcomes. This approach not only aligns with epigenetic principles but also offers practical insights into managing weight and overall wellness.   For more information, you can visit Life Enthusiast's official website or watch his content work on YouTube.

A reconstructed 1865 military post located at a major river crossing on the Oregon, Mormon Pioneer, California, Pony Express, and transcontinental telegraph trail corridor. Explore central Wyoming's regional history museum, featuring exhibits on prehistoric peoples, Plains Indians, ranching, the energy industry, and the City of Casper as well as the western emigrant trails and frontier army. Fort Caspar Museum collects, preserves and exhibits materials related to the history of Fort Caspar, the City of Caspar, Natrona County, and central Wyoming. Fort Caspar Museum 4001 Fort Caspar Rd Casper, WY 82604 307-235-8462

Today we are hopping a train into history at the Oklahoma Railway Museum in Oklahoma City. Take a 40 minute ride on a historic passenger coach, check out an authentic dining car, explore the workings of a steam engine and see trains that carried generations of people across the country at the Oklahoma Railway Museum. This Oklahoma City museum houses fully restored railroad locomotives and equipment and shows how much of an impact the railways had in the creation of our state and country. Train rides are available for all ages every first and third Saturday of each month from April to August. Train departures from Oakwood Depot occur at 11:15am, 1:15pm and 3:15pm. The museum also offers the unique opportunity to run a diesel locomotive with the help of staff during the “At the Throttle.” Take the reins in the cab of this historic engine with the help of an experienced engineer during this one-of-a-kind opportunity. The Oklahoma Railway Museum also hosts annual events such as the Easter Express, Halloween Train and the Polar Express. Come spend a day discovering the fascinating history of Oklahoma's railways and railroaders at the Oklahoma Railway Museum. Named one of the Best Places to Visit by Frommer's Travel and Travel + Leisure, Oklahoma City offers all of the culture, cuisine, attractions and amenities you'd expect in a modern metropolis. And with its rugged Western past, working stockyards and title as “Horse Show Capital of the World,” it's rich in cowboy culture, as well. From family fun to romantic retreats to outdoor adventures you won't find anywhere else, Oklahoma City has plenty of hustle without all the hassle. Good Gravy Diner in Oklahoma City is open for breakfast and lunch five days a week.  They are known for their delicious food, friendly service and modest prices. A variety of omelets, biscuits, breakfast burritos, hot and cold sandwiches, chicken fried steak, specialty burgers and fresh cut french fries is available, but you don't put “gravy” in your name without over 40 different gravy options. News story from KOCO. Prairie Surf Studios is a film production complex located in downtown Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. OKC Thunder Known as America's cobblestone community for the round red rocks dotting this tiny picturesque town, Medicine Park, Oklahoma has a fascinating history. The Plains Indians were well acquainted with this quiet oasis long before its time as a colorful resort town attracting celebrities, gangsters, politicians and journalists. The cobblestones – an abundant, native geological phenomenon of the area – are found in most structures and imbue the town with its distinctive look. Take a lazy stroll on scenic trails by Medicine Creek or Bath Lake, dine in fine restaurants, or bask in the glow of the sun setting over the surrounding Wichita Mountains. A bevy of cottages, cabins and bed and breakfasts make relaxing easy, and shops with all manner of arts, crafts and gifts offer plenty of browsing pleasure. Located in downtown Medicine Park, the Old Plantation Restaurant serves its legendary food with a side of history. Subscribe to the Only in OK Show. #TravelOK #onlyinokshow #Oklahoma #podcast #traveloklahoma #OKC #trains #basketball #bricktown #mountains #medicinepark

Welcome to the Instant Trivia podcast episode 1205, where we ask the best trivia on the Internet. Round 1. Category: Ad Verbs And Taglines 1: MandM's: "The milk chocolate blank in your mouth, not in your hand". melts. 2: Apple, beginning in the 1990s:"blank different". Think. 3: Target:"blank more.Pay less.". Expect. 4: Instagram: "blank and share the world's moments". Capture. 5: Jantzen swimwear:"blank into life". dive. Round 2. Category: 7 Wonders Of The Ancient World 1: Made of bronze and honoring the sun god Helios, it stood about 100 feet high in the harbor of a Greek island. the Colossus of Rhodes. 2: To irrigate this ancient wonder, water from the Euphrates was pumped to the top of the hill. the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. 3: It was the earliest built of the 7 Wonders of the Ancient World. the Great Pyramid. 4: Some sculptures from this marble tomb at Halicarnassus are in the British Museum in London. the Mausoleum. 5: A fire burned day and night at the top of this ancient wonder. the lighthouse at Alexandria. Round 3. Category: Rite 1: In Judaism, this rite of passage is celebrated around the time of a boy's 13th birthday. a bar mitzvah. 2: The Catholic rite for this sacrament begins with asking the parents what they name their child. baptism. 3: In this religion, a book of the dead called the "Bardo Thodol" is read to the dying to help them prepare for a favorable rebirth. Buddhism. 4: Casting 7 stones at each of the 3 pillars of Mina is a rite enacted during the pilgrimage with this name. hajj. 5: This rite is a solo vigil by a Plains Indian boy to seek spiritual power and knowledge through an apparition. a vision quest (or spirit quest). Round 4. Category: All You Need Is L-O-V-E. With L-O-V-E in quotation marks 1: A company called "London" this "tours" provides "a whirlwind tour of the history of the British public toilet". loo. 2: Bert Lahr, who played the Cowardly Lion in "The Wizard of Oz", was fittingly born under this zodiac sign symbolized by a lion. a Leo. 3: Led Zeppelin warned that this type of wall is "going to break", while Don McLean lamented that it was dry. a levee. 4: This Swedish automaker's museum features a full-sized XC90 SUV made from Legos. Volvo. 5: As Charles Darwin could tell you, to do this is to gradually change or develop over time. evolve. Round 5. Category: Differs By A Vowel 1: The pair found in the name of a large Scottish estuary that connects with the North Sea. the Firth of Forth. 2: A large, graceful tree and what a pig does in the mud to cool itself. wallow and willow. 3: A place to sit anda group of grapes. bench and bunch. 4: A mixture for making good old-fashioned pancakes and one of the ingredients. batter and butter. 5: A large British home in the country and a college student's secondary declared discipline. minor and manor. Thanks for listening! Come back tomorrow for more exciting trivia!Special thanks to https://blog.feedspot.com/trivia_podcasts/ AI Voices used

Though the Battle of the Little Bighorn seemed for the triumphant Lakota and their allies - the largest gathering of Plains Indians ever assembled - a miraculous victory, it was for them the beginning of the end. A great council was held near the battlefield in which they made the fateful decision to split up. Meanwhile, in Washington, Custer's death and the military defeat of the army was being politicised, and the public rallied against the Lakota. Red Cloud, their political leader through so many of their struggles, was replaced with a puppet interloper. Then, during the winter of 1877, a contingent of ruthless and fiercely effective U.S. officers, including General Crook and General Miles, chased and harried the retreating Sioux contingents through the snows, leaving them starving, beleaguered and desperate. At last, in March 1977 the once formidable war chiefs Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull found themselves cornered, and their people left with little choice but to admit defeat. What then would be their fate? Join Dominic and Tom as they discuss the annihilation of the Plains Indians and the dissolution of their extraordinary culture and nomadic way of life, along with the tragic death and downfall of one of the most mesmerising and mysterious characters of the entire story: Crazy Horse.  EXCLUSIVE NordVPN Deal ➼ https://nordvpn.com/restishistory Try it risk-free now with a 30-day money-back guarantee! *The Rest Is History LIVE in 2024* Tom and Dominic are back onstage this summer, at Hampton Court Palace in London! Buy your tickets here: therestishistory.com Twitter: @TheRestHistory @holland_tom @dcsandbrook Producer: Theo Young-Smith Assistant Producer: Tabby Syrett Executive Producers: Jack Davenport + Tony Pastor Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

The U.S. was cast into a spiralling panic following the economic depression of 1973, and waves of paramilitary violence swept through the south as the debates surrounding Reconstruction swirled on. Amidst this uncertainty, the government, under the leadership of Ulysses S. Grant and his chief advisors, began drawing up a cold blooded plan to strike into the heart of Montana and settle the issue of the Plains Indians once and for all. Meanwhile, the drumbeats of war were sounding amongst the newly united Lakota and Cheyenne themselves, spearheaded by their war chiefs Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull, as the pressures of white settlers and the railroads increased. Their numbers swelled in the wake of a failed winter campaign lead by General Crook, as swarms of refugees accumulated into Sitting Bull's village - the largest assembly of Lakota ever seen on the Plains. The stage seemed set for a mighty reckoning in the summer of 1876, as the Federal government geared up for another assault. Much to his delight George Custer, spared from the brink of disaster by his reckless impetuosity, was recruited to the 7th Cavalry marching on one of the armies closing in on the Lakota encampment near the Little Bighorn River…the Battle of the Rosebud that followed would see a six hour struggle of monumental violence. Join Dominic and Tom as they discuss the events and battles that lead up to the Battle of the Little Bighorn; Grant's eccentric generals, and Custer's impulsive escapades in the build up to the final evening of his life… EXCLUSIVE NordVPN Deal ➼ https://nordvpn.com/restishistory Try it risk-free now with a 30-day money-back guarantee! *The Rest Is History LIVE in 2024* Tom and Dominic are back onstage this summer, at Hampton Court Palace in London! Buy your tickets here: therestishistory.com Twitter: @TheRestHistory @holland_tom @dcsandbrook Producer: Theo Young-Smith Assistant Producer: Tabby Syrett Executive Producers: Jack Davenport + Tony Pastor Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Step into the dusty boots of Major General Grenville Dodge as we venture into the heart of the post-Civil War American frontier, where securing the wild plains was as treacherous as it was vital. Our episode, guided by an esteemed historian, captures the essence of life at Fort Dodge, the strategic military stronghold pivotal in taming the Western Kansas frontier. Hear about the soldiers' grueling efforts to build safe havens amidst hostile territory, and how these fortifications laid the groundwork for a period of American history rife with conflict and transformation.Witness the volatile relationship between the US military and the Plains Indian tribes through vivid tales of raids and the powerful leaders who orchestrated them. We unravel the complexities of Indian diplomacy with a spotlight on Kiowa Chief Satanta's influence, his storied battle gear, and the intense negotiations over captive settlers—a sobering reality faced by those like Mary Matthews, whose personal account brings a gripping perspective to these historical standoffs. Each narrative strand weaves a rich tapestry of the struggles and strategies that defined the wild, untamed West, making this episode a must-listen for anyone fascinated by the era where legends were forged on the frontier.Support the showReturn of the Great HuntersCattle Drives WebsiteLegends of Dodge City WebsiteOrder Books

On June 25 and 26, 1876, the Battle of Little Big Horn took place along the Little Big Horn River in Montana Territory. Known to the Plains Indians as the Battle of the Greasy Grass, it is widely remembered as Custer's Last Stand. The 7th Cavalry Regiment under Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer faced the combined forces of several tribes including Lakota Sioux, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho. The only survivor of regiment on Last Stand Hill was Captain Keogh's horse Commanche, but 7th Cavalry troops in other portions of the battlefield did survive.

This month we welcome Professor Brandon Sanderson of UNCP's Department of Art, who shares his work as an artist and educator. Entering his 22nd year as a professor and 28th as an exhibiting artist, Professor Sanderson currently serves as the sixth Director of the Pembroke Undergraduate Research and Creativity Center and as Professor of Art teaching Printmaking and Drawing. Supporting undergraduate research across the campus including everything from scientific and humanities-based research to jazz composition, the Pembroke Undergraduate Research and Creativity Center holds a yearly Symposium showcasing student work. In our conversation, Professor Sanderson shares his own story, from growing up on the farm, to work in computer science, which led to development as a printmaker, and his work with arts organizations such as the Artnauts Collective, combining art and social justice initiatives in Ukraine, Sarajevo, South Korea, Bosnia, Columbia, and many other locations. Since 2013, Professor Sanderson has served as Workshop Coordinator for Frogman's Print Workshops on the campus of the University of Iowa, the largest printmaking workshop in the United States. Sanderson holds two Bachelor of Science degrees from Colorado State University-Pueblo, in Printmaking/Drawing and in Computer Information Systems. He earned his Master of Fine Art degree in Art with a specialty of Printmaking from the University of South Dakota, where he studied under 20th century print and paper artist Lloyd Menard. Prior to his career as an artist, Sanderson worked as a computer programmer and systems analyst. Since 1995, Professor Sanderson has exhibited in over 575 venues in 65 countries. Recently he has shown in Poland, Palestine, Chile, Bosnia, Uganda, Cambodia, Colombia and Ukraine. He has also held 37 university lectures in 27 states and participated in 81 collaborative studio projects. In 2018 he was the first visiting artist in the West Virginia University Master Printmaking series. He also is a long-time member of the Artnauts international art group, which uses the visual arts as a tool for addressing global change. Professor Sanderson's work appeared in  the nationally acclaimed “Re-Riding History” exhibit, which featured works by 72 contemporary native and non-native artists who responded to the events surrounding the 1875-1878 capture, relocation and imprisonment of 72 Plains Indian warriors at Fort Marion, St. Augustine, Florida. Professor Sanderson was recently awarded a number of grants to use his technical and artistic backgrounds to design and prototype art equipment that is cost-effective and accessible to those with disabilities. His current body of work combines laser cutters, CNC machines, 3D printers, and digital drawings with the traditional tools of the printmaking and drawing studios. Rediscovering Flight ScreenPrint V, by Brandon Sanderson Learn More: Brandon Sanderson – Artist Website www.brandon-sanderson.com Photo Captions: Artnauts Collective solar panels with soldiers and students in the Ukraine, providing both art as inspiration and also charging stations for electronic devices as well as power for areas where this is unreliable.  Artnauts Collective  www.artnauts.org Artnauts on Instagram https://www.instagram.com/artnauts/ Artnauts is an artist collective that uses the visual arts as a tool for addressing global issues while connecting with artists from around the world. The name derives from combining the words "art" and "astronaut" as a way to describe the process of exploring uncharted territory in the world at large. The name also denotes an art practice that is "not" art as usual and goes beyond the confines of the traditional or conventional art word, blurring the boundaries between art, activism, and social practice. Frogman's Print Workshop www.frogmans.net Pembroke Undergraduate Research and Creativity Center The Pembroke Undergraduate Research and Creativity Center of The University of North Carolina at Pembroke stimulates, supports and promotes inquiry, discovery and creativity in scholarship and the arts through mentored research experiences with faculty and other regional, national and international scholars and professionals.  The center facilitates and coordinates preparation in research skills necessary for professional fields and graduate study. The center is designated to serve as a clearinghouse for undergraduate research and creativity opportunities on and off campus. Undergraduate students presenting their work at conferences are encouraged to apply for a travel grant. Additionally, faculty mentors are encouraged to promote their research agendas through the PURC. For more information about PURC, please browse our website or call 910.521.6841 or email purc@uncp.edu. 2024 PURC Symposium -- Wednesday, April 10th, 2024 in the Mary Livermore Library Commons Area https://www.uncp.edu/academics/research/purc-pembroke-undergraduate-research-and-creativity-center/purc-symposium Find the episode transcript here Follow UNCP's College of Arts and Sciences  on Facebook, Twitter/X@uncpcas and Instagram@uncpcas

Intro: New studio, JR's a bit distracted by some new gear.6:03: Things got spicy on Telegram this week, Anthony Bradley Threads on fatherhood.10:40: God is relational warm to us as well as a law-giver and a teacher.12:48: Relational warmth has to do with quantity of time.13:13: Quality does not equate to quantity time as a parents.15:13: Podcast with Erica Komisar and Lila Rose.16:13: A cascade of kids with a huge amount of mental health problems and moms not being present.17:50: Maternity leave is shockingly short.20:27: Every time you're away from the kids damage is done, being happier outside the home.21:02: Quantity time is quality time21:30: Mother's need to be primary care givers for their babies. Oxytocin is a bonding agent between parent and child (and spouses).23:43: If dad is primary care-giver or have two dads, this risk for over-stimulation is incredibly high and against his nature.24:35: Considerations on men who work crazy amounts of hours or are deployed and repairing the wound.26:08: Bradley's second Threads and masculinity and the church.29:44: Scriptural and creational considerations on conveying masculine messages to boys.31:06: Who is Andrew Tate?33:38: Jordan Peterson might more dangerous.35:58: The 3 P's of Manliness.38:12: Slaying dragons and JR had to delete Call of Duty Mobile.40:25: What you choose to wear is deliberately communicates somethings.44:40: We're communicating that we're really cold.46:45: Molly took a couple kids to a Lewis & Clark expo, and Plains Indians hand talk.49:10: There is something very distinct between men and women at the creational level.52:19: Encourage father to do a church activity or spend time at home with the kids?54:24: A very difficult discussion to have as a friend, wife, pastor.56:04: Molly vents to a friend about JR….in a healthy way.1:01:28: God's Mercy in My Marriage, Dave Harvey.IWF (Independendent Women's Forum)When Sinners Say "I Do", Dave HarveyRescuing Ambition, Dave Harvey (FREE ON AUDIBLE RIGHT NOW!) Too Busy to Flush Telegram GroupSend us a PostcardPique Tea - Referral Link (it's super-delicious and healthy)Molly's Favorite Milk Brother (she takes it in the van!)Ledger Hardware Wallet - Referral Link (store your crypto securely!)

Episode 38 – The Kiowa  – Nomadic Warriors of the Plains (Not a Complete Transcript) According to their traditions, the Kiowas originally lived at the mouths of the Yellowstone and Missouri rivers in present day Montana. As it is now, then it could have very cold winters and the ground covered by a deep layer of snow. As hunter-gatherers, they primarily used a bow and arrow along with their only domesticated animal the dog, which pulled their travois after being attached to it with poles that hooked to a harness. Close neighbors of the Kiowa were the Flatheads and several Athabascan tribes lived to their north and west.  Now according to legend the people had a quarrel over the udders of a doe which were the spoils of a hunt. The group that won the delicacy headed to the southeast and went to live with friends, the Crows. Those left behind were never heard of again. The Crows essentially helped change the Kiowas and made them much more mobile. They taught the Kiowas ride horses and hunt buffalo which was something they had never before been able to do. There was some intermarriage with the Crows but they had much more in common with and joined together with the Kiowa Apaches. The first time they were written about was in 1682 by René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, who had knowledge of them from one of a Pani slave boy at Fort St. Louis. That boy called them Manrhouts and Gattacha. When they were in the Yellowstone region in1804, Lewis and Clark heard of them but did not meet them. Moving out of the north and their previous mountainous home, the Kiowas had taken the first steps towards becoming a real part of  the Plains Culture by learning to ride horses. This enabled them to hunt buffalo on horseback, and it became their main foodstuff. Of course, with the horse came mobility and they moved steadily towards the south.  This mobility also turned the Kiowa into a completely nomadic lifestyle which consisted of predation, pillage, and warfare. They excelled at it until they became one of the most feared and hated of the Plains tribes. Part of their success was how they constantly had the largest number of horses of all the Plains Indians. Around the year of 1790 the Kiowas made a lasting peace with the Comanches and together they traded horses and captives east via the Wichitas and Taovayas to the French and English. In exchange they  received guns, ammunition, and metal for points and vermilion for face paint. In 1840, with the encouragement of trader and negotiator William Bent, the Kiowas, Kiowa Apaches, and Comanches joined with the Southern Cheyenne and Arapahos at Bent's Fort on the Arkansas River and agreed to an inter-tribal peace that was never broken. Together the five tribes in union created a formidable barrier that was able to prove an obstacle to those who wished to cross the southern plains. Finally, the U.S. sent the First Dragoons to protect wagon trains on the Santa Fe Trail. In later years, both the Second Dragoons and the Mounted Rifles made an effort to defend and protect the southwest and Texas from Indian raids. In the 1850s the Second United States Cavalry sought to reduce the number of attacks on the frontier settlements but like those before they had little success. For more articles on History - read my column on Medium.

Everyday, Boston College historian Heather Cox Richardson writes the newsletter, Letters from an American, A newsletter about the history behind today's politics. You can get it here. It is one of the most popular newsletters in America with over 1.3 million daily subscribers. That's a lot. She is a Professor of History at Boston College, where she teaches courses on the American Civil War, the Reconstruction Era, the American West, and the Plains Indians. Her latest book is Democracy Awakening: Notes on the State of America. This is the book we saw President Biden buy on his Thanksgiving vacation. You can get it here. On the podcast Bill and Professor Richardson discuss the importance of the upcoming presidential election and the threat to democracy in the United States. They also touch on topics such as the role of race and religion in American politics, the Ukraine conflict, and the potential for a two-state solution in the Middle East. Richardson expresses optimism about the future, citing historical examples of Americans standing up for democracy in challenging times.Today's Bill Press Pod is supported by The United Food and Commercial Workers Union. They are the union members we most often see at our grocery stores, pharmacies, and retail department stores. They also work in food processing plants and in the cannabis industry. More information at UFCW.org. See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

A well-known artist and illustrator, Darren brings his distinctive pen to many recognizable places around Ojai for his hundreds of thousands of followers. Darren talks about growing up on the frozen tundra of Buffalo, New York and how he lucked into a graphic design course in high school that gave him the idea he could create a career for himself doing what he'd be doing anyway — drawing. We re-release this wide-ranging and fascinating talk with this enigmatic artist who has left his Ojai-inflected distinctive stamp all around the world. We talk about plant medicine, public schools, Buffalo's surprisingly vibrant arts scene and much, much more. We did not talk about Plains Indians and their kinship with the millions of bison that once roamed through our country, flint-knapping or counting coup. This is a re-release of an episode from 2021. Check out Darren's prolific and talented art on IG @RealFunWow or the cover of the OQ he drew in Spring 2021 on Issuu.com.

November is National Native American Heritage Month here in the United States. With that in mind, I talk about the history of that celebration, and talk a little about the Plains Indians and the Crow Nation. What does any of that have to do with Arlington National Cemetery? Not much. But it has a lot to do with Joseph Medicine Crow, a World War II veteran who used his time in service to become the last war chief of the Crows, and though Dr. Medicine Crow is buried on the reservation, I felt his story was one that needed to be told.As always, a very special thanks to Mountain Up Cap Company for its continued help to spread the word about the podcast on Facebook at: https://www.facebook.com/MountainUpCapCompany Climb to Glory!For more information about the podcast visit: ·       The GoA website: https://www.ghostsofarlingtonpodcast.com    ·       Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ghostsofarlingtonpodcast·       Twitter: https://twitter.com/ArlingtonGhosts·       Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ghostsofarlington/ 

Ryan speaks with Heather Cox Richardson about her new book Democracy Awakening: Notes on the State of America, her mission to deliver history as a way of promoting human connection, changing the game of story-telling, how to combat the dark energies that are fed by sowing division and more.Heather Cox Richardson is an American historian, author and educator. She is a professor of history at Boston College, where she teaches courses on the American Civil War, the Reconstruction Era, the American West, and the Plains Indians. In addition to her widely renowned books on history, which include How the South Won the Civil War: Oligarchy, Democracy, and the Continuing Fight for the Soul of America and Wounded Knee: Party Politics and the Road to an American Massacre, Heather also puts out a newsletter on one of the largest Substacks on the internet, Letters from an American, with over 1.2 million subscribers. She also co-hosts the Now and Then Podcast with fellow historian Joanne Freeman. Heather was named one of USA Today's Women of the Year in 2022. Her work can be found at heathercoxrichardson.substack.com. ✉️ Sign up for the Daily Stoic email: https://dailystoic.com/dailyemail

Heather Cox Richardson is an American historian, author and educator. She is a professor of history at Boston College, where she teaches courses on the American Civil War, the Reconstruction Era, the American West, and the Plains Indians

Matt Crawford speaks with author Marvin Blake about his book: Precious In His Sight: A Novel. Precious In His Sight tells the story of multiple characters whose lives are inextricably linked by post-Civil War Reconstruction policies. Freed black slaves trying to find their identity, plantation owners trying to set back those freedoms, Plains Indians living on reservations and how we as a society are dealing with all of these shifts while trying to come together anew.

A place where the buffalo roamed in the US. That’s truly what it was in the beginning. The Plains Indians followed bison there until settlers moved in with herds and crops. The land was later used as a chemical manufacturing site after Pearl Harbor, then even later for Cold War weapon demilitarization. But then one day a roost of bald eagles was discovered there, and soon the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge was born—a 15,000-acre expanse of prairie, wetland, and woodland habitat on the edges of the metropolis of Denver, Colorado. It is now one of the largest urban refuges, or sanctuaries, in the country—a safe, protected home for more than 300 species of animals, from black-footed ferrets to burrowing owls to bald eagles, and you guessed it: roaming buffalo. The psalmist tells us that “God is our refuge” (62:8). Far greater than any earthly place of refuge, God is our true sanctuary, a safe, protected presence in whom “we live and move and have our being” (Acts 17:28). God is our refuge in whom we can place our trust regardless of the literal or figurative weather—“at all times” (Psalm 62:8). And He is our sanctuary where we can boldly bring all our prayers and petitions, pouring out our hearts. God is our refuge. That’s who He was in the beginning, who He is now, and who He always will be.

We're excited to bring you a fascinating conversation with Jeff Broome, a renowned historian recognized globally for his contributions to Native American history. Jeff provides us with unparalleled insights into the Southern Plains tribes and their growing grievances due to the presence of White Settlers, as well as the complex causes of the war, including the discovery of gold in Colorado. Together, we explore the 1851 Treaty of Fort Laramie on Horse Creek, which granted land to the Cheyenne and Arapahoe, and the impact of settlers following water courses from Casper, Wyoming, all the way down to Pueblo, Colorado.Join us as we delve into the conflict on the Kansas frontier, examining how the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851 predicted the buffalo population would be gone within twenty years, and how treaties like Fort Lyon and Little Arkansas allowed the Indians to continue to hunt the buffalo, sparking further clashes with homesteaders. Jeff Broome also outlines the Indian Depredation Claims process and how they offer unique insights into the actions of Black Kettle, the Cheyenne leader. This episode is a must-listen for anyone interested in learning about the events that drew General Custer back into active service and the consequences of commercial farming in Kansas on the classic Plains Indian culture. Order Jeff Broome Books HerePracticing Connection: Working together to help families and communities thrive.Jessica Beckendorf and Bob Bertsch host this exploration of personal and collective...Listen on: Apple Podcasts SpotifySupport the showCattle Drives WebsiteLegends of Dodge City WebsiteOrder Books

The forces of the Plains Indians outnumbered Custer's troops, and they wee caught in a pincer movement after Crazy Horse led another group of Sioux to surround ...

Snow is a common occurrence in North Dakota, but not in June! That's what the Seventh Cavalry endured for two cold, wet days, stuck in camp in the Badlands, while marching west from Fort Abraham Lincoln. The expedition was headed into Montana Territory, where Plains Indians would later defeat Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer and his men at the Battle of Greasy Grass, or Little Bighorn.

Episode 1976 - What happens when a female brain is given large amounts of testosterone? Another tragedy another shooting. Proud Boys trial is a mess. Who killed the Plains Indians? What was reconstruction after the Civil War? Southern Basis to be renamed? Disney flexes it's woke muscles. What's the real TikTok agenda? Why are Stillbirth rates so high? Shortage of adderall causing problems? Plus much more. High energy must listen show today. 

3:30 – Evolution explained in simple terms by Dr. Eldakar – change over time4:00 – Why “stronger” runners have evolved – if a bear is chasing you, pushing down your slower friend kinda makes sense

In 1843, Cathay Williams was born to an enslaved woman and a free black man, ironically in Independence, Missouri. It is hard to know an exact day, because records were not kept for the birth of slaves, and if you were born to an enslaved woman, you were born property. Cathay's childhood was spent on the outskirts of Jefferson City, Missouri, working for years as a house slave on the plantation of a wealthy planter by the name of Johnson.   Union forces took over Jefferson City in the early stages of the Civil War. Slaves were released and persuaded to serve in voluntary military support roles.   Captured slaves within Union lines were officially designated as contraband. When we say contraband today, usually the first thought would be illicit drugs, or something else forbidden. But back then, humans were labeled Illegal goods, “contraband.”  Over 400 women served in the Civil War posing as male soldiers. Today we are talking about  Cathay Williams, the only known female Buffalo Soldier. Williams was not only the first black woman to enlist, but the only documented woman to serve in the United States Army, while disguised as a man, during the Indian Wars. She was a pioneer for the thousands of American women serving in armed forces in the United States today.   Season 3 features inspiring, gallant, even audacious stories of REAL 19th Century women from the Wild West.  Stories that contain adult content, including violence which may be disturbing to some listeners, or secondhand listeners. So, discretion is advised. I am Andrea Anderson and this is Queens of the Mines, Season Three.   As contraband, Cathay was taken to Little Rock by Col. Benton of the 13th army corps and “pressed” into serving. She did not want to go. Benton wanted her to cook for the officers, so Cathay learned the skill. At 17, her role as an Army cook and washerwoman under the service of Union General Philip Sheridan took her all over the country. She saw the soldiers burn lots of cotton. During these travels, Williams was at Shreveport when the rebel gunboats were captured and burned on Red River, and witnessed Comanche, Kiowa, Southern Cheyenne, and Arapaho tribes relocated to reservations during the Red River campaign in Texas. She was there for the  Shenandoah Valley raids in Virginia, and saw the union defeat the Confederates, despite being outnumbered at the Battle of Pea Ridge in Fayetteville Ar. The work brought her to Iowa, Louisiana, Georgia and back home to her home state of Missouri. The lure of independence was undeniably attractive to a female young, unmarried former slave. So, in St. Louis, Missouri, she voluntarily enlisted for a three-year engagement in the U.S. army on November 15, 1866, this time to fight. Despite the prohibition against women serving in the military. The recruiter described her as William Cathay, a 5′ 9″ tall male with black eyes, black hair and black complexion. But in actuality, she was the first black female soldier to enlist with the Army. Only 4 months after Congress passed a law authorizing the formation of six all-black army units, after the Union Army had seen the value of black soldiers in the military and thought they should have the opportunity to join the peacetime army.  You would think an Army surgeon should have been able to identify Williams as a woman during the cursory examination, but the Army didn't require full medical exams then.     Williams said, “The regiment I joined wore the Zouave uniform,” which was  a distinctive jacket, vest, sash, baggy trousers, and fez. She continued to say that “only two persons, a cousin and a particular friend, members of the regiment, knew that I was a woman. They never ‘blowed on me. These particular friends were partly the reason Williams joined the Army. She could shoot, march and stand guard with the best of them and performed regular garrison duties. A garrison is a group of soldiers whose task is to guard the town or building where they live. Soon, orders transferred the new recruits out west to protect pioneers traveling through one of the most dangerous routes to California, called Cooke's Canyon.  In April of 1867, her troop marched to Fort Riley, Kansas, by July they had made it to Fort Union Mexico and arrived at Fort Cummings NM on October 1, 1867. They would remain stationed here for the next 8 months.  Williams had joined the army's fight against the Indigenous people. Health struggles began to plague Cathay.  She became feeble both physically and mentally, and much of the time quite unfit for duty. Smallpox was the most debilitating, but the back-to-back hospitalizations during eight months off sick leave were the most devastating. At Fort Cummings in New Mexico,  her body really began to show signs of strain. Maybe it was the heat, maybe  the effects of smallpox, or the years of marching. But the biggest blow came when the post surgeon discovered Cathay Williams, or William Cathay, was a woman. The surgeon informed the post commander. She said, “the men all wanted to get rid of me after they found out I was a woman. Some of them acted real bad to me.” Williams was honorably discharged by her commanding officer, Captain Charles E. Clarke on October 14, 1868 at at Fort Bayard, New Mexico, It was the end of her tenure in the Army, but her adventure as William Cathay had just gotten started. Again, dressed as a man, Cathay signed up for the 38th U.S. Infantry, an emerging, segregated all-black regiment. The 38th U.S. Infantry would eventually become part of the Buffalo Soldiers. Cathay and her fellow black comrades were named Buffalo Soldiers by the Plains Indians because they were fierce fighters, and they had short curly hair like the buffalo. The Buffalo Soldiers fought in skirmishes with Native Americans, escorted vulnerable wagon trains, built forts, mapped the territory, and protected white settlers – all with sub-par equipment. They showed tremendous skill. She is the only known black female soldier a part of the Buffalo Soldiers. Williams was adrift after the war but wanted to remain independent and self-sufficient.  She was accustomed to the Military providing shelter, education and medical care. She saw it as far superior to the uncertainties of civilian life as a liberated slave. As a newly freed slave, post-war job opportunities were practically nonexistent. The inequality and lack of access was smothering, particularly in the southern states. Most had no choice but to turn to military service to survive.  She went back to living under her original name and headed to Pueblo, Colorado, where her mother ran an orphanage and she was able to secure work as a cook. She was married there, but it ended fast after her husband was arrested for stealing her watch and chain, a hundred dollars and her team of horses and wagon. She had him arrested and put in jail. She moved to Trinidad, Colorado, and took on jobs as a seamstress, laundress and part time nurse under the name Kate Williams. But only after first passing as a male by the name of James Cady upon arrival.   The kids in town were afraid of her, she  was tall and dark with a masculine appearance. He walk had a limp due to her amputated toes.  She liked Trinidad. She knew good people there and had dreams of success. She hoped to take land near the depot when the railroad finally came in. She said, “Grant owns all this land around here, and it won't cost me anything. I shall never live in the states again.”  Trinidad had its own lil rush in the early 1870's when gold was discovered in the Spanish Peaks. In 1876, Trinidad was officially incorporated only a few months before Colorado became a state. There were about 50 to 60 mine shafts operating there, and one of them was owned and operated by one of Abraham Lincoln's sons.     Are you enjoying the podcast? Make sure to subscribe, rate, review and find us on facebook and instagram. You can join the biggest fans behind the scenes at patreon.com/queensofthemines, or give a one time tip via venmo to, @queensofthemines   Her life story went public while Williams was in Trinidad. A reporter from her home state of Missouri heard rumors of the black woman who faked her way into the army, and came to Trinidad from St Louis to meet her. She told the reporter,  “I wanted to make my own living and not be dependent on relations or friends. Cathay Williams' adventures were breaking news when it was published in the St. Louis Daily Times on January 2, 1876. She became well-known to most Trinidad residents, especially the older ones.  In 1891, Williams applied for a disability pension through the Army. She was now 49 years old.  At 52, she was suffering from neuralgia, loss of hearing, rheumatism and diabetes. She walked with a crutch, for all of her toes had been amputated. Her pension was denied. She had lied, and posed as a man to serve the country that had enslaved her. But women would not be allowed to serve in the army until 1948.  Historians argue about the time and location of her death but  most signs point to  Cathat Williams passing away in Trinidad in 1924 at the age of 82. It was said that she was very sick and had been without fire or food for several days.  Something else that I find fascinating about Trinidad. Trinidad is dubbed the Gender Reassignment Capital of the World. Dr Stanley Biber was a veteran surgeon returning from Korea in the 1960s. He moved to Trinidad, to be the town surgeon. In 1969, he performed his first Gender Reassignment for a local social worker, did a good job and earned a good reputation at a time when very few doctors were performing the surgery.  He was performing 4 gender reassignment surgeries a day in his peak years.  Haskell Hooks of Trinidad, Co wants to erect a local statue to honor Cathay Williams.  If you want to donate to the gofundme you can search Memorial Statue for Ms Cathay Williams, on the gofundme site. Its important to note Cathay is spelled Cathay. He has spent several years researching her story and is attempting to raise $50,000 to have the statue created by a New Mexico sculptor. He has organized several fund-raising events to cover the cost, including T-shirt sales and activities at Flo-Jo's Tavern & BBQ in downtown Trinidad and a gofundme page. I found this quite interesting, considering I just spent two days in Trinidad in November. While I was there, I had no idea who Cathay was, but I managed to stay right next to the location of her old house anyways. She lived at the corner of Second and Animas streets, and on West First Street ; the original homes no longer stand. It all leads me to wonder how far will you go to get what you want ?   _____________    

When you think Mardi Gras, you might think king cake, colorful beads thrown from parades, and as much debauchery as one can manage before the Lenten season of repentance begins the following day. Maybe you've wondered whether Mardi Gras, or Fat Tuesday, is even a Catholic holiday given the day's deluge of decadence.  Mardi Gras is not only Catholic, it's French, Creole, African-American, African and Native American. And there are layers to this ornate carnival that reveal a powerful history of Black joy, resistance and rebellion. So tells Nekisha Elise Williams, the author of Mardi Gras Indians, and today's guest on The Gloria Purvis Podcast.  “There are really two Mardi Gras,” says Nekisha, “and where Black people party and have Mardi Gras is not always the same as where white people party and have Mardi Gras.” For a long time, the segregation between white and Black Mardi Gras was policed by Jim Crow laws. And while there is growing curiosity about what happens at “Black Mardi Gras,” the impact of white supremacy culture still reinforces this historical segregation.  One vibrant and distinct tradition that white mainstream Mardi Gras often misses is that of the Mardi Gras Indians, otherwise known as the Black-Masking Indians. They have a fascinating history that dates back to the 1800s, when Native Americans provided a safe refuge for enslaved Africans who had escaped bondage. This friendship between formerly enslaved Africans and various Native American tribes of the lower Mississippi River Valley helped birth one of the most colorful and unique cultural expressions of Mardi Gras.  Nikesha has done extensive research on the Mardi Gras Indians and describes them as “a group of men, women, children, families, neighbors who at Carnival time in New Orleans mask Indian or mask as the Plains Indians, Native American indigenous people.”  Masking as indigenous has served at least two important purposes. It's a way to pay homage to their ancestors and their friendship with the Native American tribes that harbored them “while also paying tribute to the warrior culture of African tribes that were enslaved on the continent and brought over to the new world,” says Nikesha.  “It's not just a parade [...] to go out, get drunk, have fun, and like say, ‘Hey, Mister, throw me some beads,'” Nikesha says. “For some of them, it really is a spiritual and religious experience. And that goes down to the songs that they sing, the hand signals that they throw, the dances that they do, and how they operate within their communities as well.” To learn more about the colorful and defiant history of the Mardi Gras Indians, be sure to listen to this special Mardi Gras episode of The Gloria Purvis Podcast.  To support this podcast, please consider getting a digital subscription to America Media at www.americamagazine.org/subscribe Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Artist, army veteran, and Native-American cultural educator Steve Tamayo talks about being raised within a Mexican cultural heritage, deprived of his stolen cultural identity as a native American, and how, as he matured, he not only sought out his native American culture through language and art, but has become a respected culture bearer for his Sicangu Lakota and other native peoples. Tamayo is a traditional Sicangu Lakota artist whose family originates from the Rosebud Reservation in South Dakota. Tamayo studied the traditional arts of the Umonhon people under Howard Wolf and earned his BFA from Sínte Gleska University in 2011 where he developed and taught the traditional arts program. After more than 30 years of study and practice as an artist and educator, he began consulting educational institutions and other organizations on the history, culture and traditions of the Plains Indians, including being a regular consultant to the curatorial and conservation staff at the Smithsonian's National Museum of the American Indian. In 2022 Tamayo received a grant from the Creative Capital Foundation to create a series of traditional buffalo robes, which he explores further in our conversation. He founded Bluebird Cultural Initiative to support his vision of preserving and sharing his cultural heritage. He is a past Nebraska Governor's Heritage Art Award recipient, an honor bestowed for his contributions in the arts and Native American culture.

Soldiers from the US Cavalry defeat the Plains Indians, securing new territory for their burgeoning empire. A group of settlers fends off an armed Indigenous tribe on horseback in their intrepid effort to conquer new lands. A Civil War hero decides to head for the frontier in its waning days, forging an undying friendship with the Native people there. Each of these summaries describes a film made within the last hundred years that explores dynamics between white settlers and Indigenous people in North America in what we now know as the United States, and sometimes Canada. The problem, of course, is that these films, and so many others like them, don't — to say the least — present this history accurately. Instead, since Hollywood's inception, the viewing public has been primarily fed a diet of reductive, dehumanizing, and paternalistic depictions of Indigenous people. But why have stories involving Indigenous people so frequently involved the perspectives of white settlers? Why are the vast majority of these stories confined to the genre of the Western, replete with shootouts and stagecoaches? What role does the U.S. government play when it comes to the stories we're told about Indigenous people, how has the historically simplistic portrayal of Native people benefited the interests of the United States and Canada? And how — above all — was the expansion of US empire westward and, later, across the globe, inextricably linked to the Hollywood project of romanticized Western ideals. On this episode, we examine the history of Indigenous depictions in Hollywood, looking at the ways the entertainment industry has sanitized the genocide and subsequent enduring abuses of Indigenous people, recycled centuries-old “noble savage” tropes, and argue that Indian dehumanizations wasn't just an accidental byproduct of white supremacy, but was essential and central to the establishment of America's sense of self and moral purpose. Our guest is Anishinaabe writer, broadcaster and arts leader Jesse Wente.

Class reunions are interesting. It gives you a chance to see people you haven't seen for years and they haven't seen you. And you go hoping you'll recognize them. More than that, you go hoping they'll recognize you after all these years. And usually they'll say something like, "Hey, I remember you with hair. Didn't you used to have teeth?" It's interesting these class reunions. The conversations can be pretty superficial because honestly you don't have much in common any more. Right? But once in a while you stop impressing each other enough to get into something important. That actually happened to a doctor friend of mine at his 45th high school reunion. My doctor friend, a committed follower of Jesus, and he was catching up with a highly successful orthodontist, who is an atheist by his own description. But this atheist orthodontist said to my doctor friend, "So, would you talk to me about what you believe?" My friend was pretty surprised to hear that from this particular fellow. This man gave his reason for asking. He just said, "Frankly, I'm nervous about eternity." I'm Ron Hutchcraft and I want to have A Word With You today about "Nervous About Eternity." Our word for today from the Word of God comes from Hebrews 9:27. It actually gives us a glimpse of the beginning of eternity for all of us. "Man is destined to die once," it says "and after that to face judgment." Well this man said, "That's what I was afraid of." See, the Bible confirms we have an undeniable, uncancelable, unpostponable appointment with God for judgment. This orthodontist was refreshingly honest. He said, "I'm nervous about eternity." Most of us know that feeling. Sometimes that nervous about eternity feeling hits when a friend dies or a coworker or a family member and for a little while we think about eternity. I've seen teenagers ask me at a funeral, "What if that was me?" Or sometimes we'll think about eternity when we've had a close call or in those quiet moments when thoughts that we usually try to bury come to center stage. Actually, it's a pretty good idea to be nervous about eternity, because it's going to last a lot longer than these 70 years, or whatever, that we think about all the time. People everywhere seem to just know in their soul that there's something between them and God; something's wrong. We know there's this moral reckoning, this moral bill to be paid for the sin of our life. The judgment is coming and the Bible says when we feel that way we're right. Wouldn't it be great to know there was nothing to fear; that your eternity is secure? This may be the best news you've ever heard. Romans 5:8 - "God demonstrated His love for us in this: While we were still sinners..." Okay the wall between God and us right there because we've run our life. It goes on to say, "Christ died for us." The Bible says, "There is no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus" (Romans 8:1). Wow! See, sin is what will keep you out of heaven, and Jesus paid for that sin when He died on the cross. If you put your trust in Him and His death for you, you can trade your death penalty for eternal life. John 5:24 says it so beautifully, "When you come to Christ you have crossed over from death to life." Wow! The old Plains Indians used to set prairie fires to burn their fields between their village and the approaching fire. They said, "The fire cannot go where the fire has already been." Why don't you go to the place where the fire of God's judgment for your sin fell on God's Son - the cross. You can claim His forgiveness there. That's what my friend asked, "If you died tonight, and God asked you 'why should I let you into My heaven?', what would you tell Him?" Well, that's a good question. You could say, "Lord..." Here's the only right answer: "I trusted in the work that Your only Son did on the cross for me." Have you ever done that? Has there ever been a day when you made personal what Jesus died on the cross for to forgive your sin? You say, "Well, I'm not sure." Make sure. The stakes are so high to not be sure you're ready for eternity. If you'll go to our website, listen, right there I've briefly explained to you how to begin this relationship. You could do it today. It's ANewStory.com. That's the site. Once you've been to the cross, and you've taken what Jesus did there for you, you don't ever have to be nervous about eternity again.

“The adopted father gave away many presents to the people, and these in turn gave presents to me. Thus I became a Crow Indian, a brother of Three Irons and a son of Yellow Leggings, who was a leading counselor of Blackbird, chief of the Mountain Crow tribe.” — Tom Le Forge “Cherry was utterly cool… under fire. She was as brave as the bravest. She liked to sing and pray, she was jolly and amiable, but on proper occasion she would stand her ground and fight bravely if that were necessary.” — Tom Le Forge about his wife Cherry“The white-man system of continual struggle for money began to pall upon me. My thoughts dwelt more and more upon the simplicity of Crow Indian life, where I had acquired moderate wealth without special effort, or by efforts entirely to my liking. In fact, among them, great accumulation of material wealth was not of importance. Nobody having an amiable disposition ever came to dire want among them.” — Tom Le Forge “I worship the Sun and the Bighorn Mountains. The towering range just south of my present home is to me both father and mother. My stomach craves meat cooked in the Indian way… I was born an Ohio American. I shall die a Crow Indian American. My last white wife, in Seattle, got a divorce from me, because of my desertion of her. She was a good woman, but I could not live any longer the life of a white man. When comes the time for me to leave this earth I want to dwell wherever are the spirits of my wives—my Indian wives—both of them.” — Tom Le ForgeI am fascinated by tales of people who lived across cultures—particularly back in the day when knowledge of different ways of living was severely limited. The tale of Tom Le Forge reads like a real-life Dances with Wolves story. Born as an Anglo-American in 1850, when he was still a teenager he was adopted by a family from the Crow nation, and for all intents and purposes became a Crow, marrying into the tribe, living as one of them, and going to war with them against their traditional enemies. Le Forge also joined the ranks of Crow scouts that helped the U.S. army during the last phase of the Plains Indian wars. His story is a love letter to a way of life that disappeared once the buffalo were gone and the frontier was no more. If you feel generous and enjoy History on Fire, please consider joining my Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/historyonfire to access plenty of bonus content. If you'd like to go to Japan for a historical tour with yours truly as a guide, please check out https://geeknationtours.com/tours/signature-battlefield-series-classic-samurai-from-the-gempei-war-to-the-mongol-invasions-2023/Big thank you to BetterHelp for sponsoring this episode. Visit https://www.BetterHelp.com/HOF to get 10% off your first month. Also a big thank you to Trade Coffee. Trade is offering our listeners a total of $30 off your subscription plus free shipping at https://www.drinktrade.com/historyonfire

Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull were two Lakota chiefs born in the final generation of Plains Indians who grew up in the manner similar to their ancestors: hunting herds of buffalo so large they seemed to cover the earth and moving freely with their nomadic tribes. But they always had contact with white settlers, first a trickle of fur traders and pioneers, then a flood of fortune seekers in 1874 Black Hills Gold Rush. The conflict came to a head in the 1876 Battle of Little Big Horn, in which they crushed George Armstrong Custer's Seventh Cavalry. But what happened to them after this victory?Today's guest is Mark Lee Gardner, author of The Earth is All That Lasts: Crazy Horse, Sitting Bull, and the Last Stand of the Great Sioux Nation. We look at the their stories and how their victory over the U.S military also marked and the beginning of the end for their treasured way of life. And in the years to come, both Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull, defiant to the end, would meet violent—and eerily similar—fates. They were two fascinating leaders struggling to maintain the freedom of their people against impossible odds.