American publisher of Democratic newspapers
POPULARITY
135 episodes with Joseph Pulitzer
40 episodes with Joseph Pulitzer
4 episodes with Joseph Pulitzer
2 episodes with Joseph Pulitzer
2 episodes with Joseph Pulitzer
2 episodes with Joseph Pulitzer
3 episodes with Joseph Pulitzer
3 episodes with Joseph Pulitzer
2 episodes with Joseph Pulitzer
Chi ha inventato le fake news e chi ha istituito uno dei premi più prestigiosi per il buon giornalismo possono essere la stessa persona? Joseph Pulitzer. Prima editore spietato e disposto anche a ingigantire una notizia pur di vendere il suo giornale, poi il padre della scuola di giornalismo e del premio più iconico del giornalismo mondiale.
Some weddings might be grand, but nothing catches more attention than a good divorce scandal.August – September 1933, the marriage of Prince Alexis Mdivani and heiress Barbara Hutton has caused a lot of press attention on the couple as well as those around them. His two older brothers, Prince Serge Mdivani and Prince David Mdivani are in the papers again for their divorces and issues around their oil company. While youngest brother Prince Alexis and Barbara enjoy positive coverage, Prince Serge finds himself in a bitter press battle with soon to be ex-wife, opera singer Mary McCormic.Other people and subjects include: Franklyn Hutton, Louise Van Alen (referenced, not mentioned), Cobina Wright, Pola Negri, Princess Mae Murray Mdivani, Princesss Roussadana “Roussie” Mdivani Sert, Prince David – Prince of Wales – future King Edward VIII – Duke of Windsor, Lady Thelma Morgan Furness, Princess Marquesa de Portago, Lily Damita, Janet Snowden, Prince Caravita, John de Braganza, Lord Nicholas “Dickie” Mountbatten, Archpriest Jacob Smirnoff, Samuel Insull, Insull energy empire, Pacific Shore Oil Company, Charles Lindbergh, Lindbergh Baby Kidnapping, Anne Morrow Lindbergh, Marion Campbell, Nipo Strongheart, Mary Garden, Chester MacCormic – Macomic – Macormac, Kenneth Rankin, Reba McCormic, Harold McCormick, Edith Rockefeller, Ganna Walska, terrible singer, Cowgirl soprano, opera career advice, protégé, Chicago Civic Opera House, Russia, Soviet state Georgia, Biarritz, Moscow, Paris, Los Angeles, Liberty Magazine, Good Housekeeping, new Mdivani source, Tallulah Bankhead, Maurice Chevalier, Mistinguett, Yvonne Vallee, Rudy Vallee, divorce, remarriage, Orson Welles, Citizen Kane, Susan Alexander, William Randolph Hearst, Joseph Pulitzer, Florence Foster Jenkins, Meryl Streep, Enrico Caruso, Cole Porter, Lily Pons, cult musical camp, Alexander Winton, Winton automobile, Bobby Franks, Richard Loeb, Nathan Leopold, Clarence Darrow, Eva Stotesbury, Massie Rape Trial, Los Angeles Olympics, 1932 events, Amelia Earhart, Al Capone, circular connections, reconstructing & reconnecting the past, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, Queen Victoria, Prince Philip, Prince Charles – Princes of Wales – King Charles III of Great Britain, Faith Baldwin, romance writer, female novelist, What Is Wrong With American Marriages syndicated news article series – Part 6th Pitfalls of International Marriage, Mademoiselle Dollars - American dollar princess, Adele Astaire, Fred Astaire, Lord Charles Cavendish, Boni de Castellane, Anna Gould, Duke of Marlborough, Consuelo Vanderbilt, Gladys Deacon, Sally Rand, risque striptease dance, messy divorces, too public, chaos, high passion, burnout, Brad Pitt, Angelina Jolie, Ben Affleck, Jennifer Lopez, Johnny Depp, Amber Heard, Prince Harry, Meghan Markle, divorce book,…--Extra Notes / Call to Action:Hollywood Mysteries, YouTube Channelhttps://www.youtube.com/@HollywoodMysteries#61 – Louise Brooks, The Girl Who Had The World In Her Hands and Lost It Allhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bg8D-KNHNZcCheck out and answer polls for As The Money Burns via social mediaX / Twitter – https://x.com/asthemoneyburnsInstagram – https://www.instagram.com/asthemoneyburns/Share, like, subscribe--Archival Music provided by Past Perfect Vintage Music, www.pastperfect.com.Opening Music: My Heart Belongs to Daddy by Billy Cotton, Album The Great British Dance BandsSection 1 Music: Did You Mean It? By Jack Hylton, Album The Great British Dance BandsSection 2 Music: Stars Fell On Alabama by Lew Stone, Album The Great British Dance BandsSection 3 Music: This Is The Missus by Sidney Kyte & His Piccadilly Hotel Band, Album The Great Dance Bands Play Hits of the 30sEnd Music: My Heart Belongs to Daddy by Billy Cotton, Album The Great British Dance Bands--https://asthemoneyburns.com/X / TW / IG – @asthemoneyburnsX / Twitter – https://x.com/asthemoneyburnsInstagram – https://www.instagram.com/asthemoneyburns/Facebook – https://www.facebook.com/asthemoneyburns/
Ausgerechnet die wissenschaftliche Plattform für Tiermedizin, Thieme Vet, gibt dem „Handlungsreisenden in Sachen Hass gegen Wölfe" (Zitat: Naturschutzinitiative), Michael Weiler, die große Bühne für seine umstrittenen Ausführungen über Wölfe. Ein Skandal, findet Thomas, und fordert, dass dieser Beitrag umgehend gelöscht wird. Schlagzeilen machten diese Woche auch zwei Wölfe in einem eingezäunten Grundstück in Flecken Zechlin im Land Land Brandenburg. Auf dem Video einer Überwachungskamera sind zwei offenbar streitende Wölfe zu sehen. Der Fall wurde sofort nach Bekanntwerden an einen vom Landesamt für Umwelt beauftragten Fallmanager vergeben. Das ist echt mal vorbildlich, findet Sabine. Aber wie bewertet der Fachmann die Situation? Die BILD am Sonntag wollte in der letzten Ausgabe über "SCHIESSEN, SCHAUFELN, SCHNAUZE HALTEN - warum immer mehr Jäger in Deutschland illegal Wölfe töten", berichten. Die Werbung für den Titel war schon raus. Dazu kam es jedoch nicht. Warum wurde der Beitrag in letzter Sekunde gestoppt? „Wolfsangriffe: Wo für Kinder bei Hamburg derzeit Lebensgefahr droht", titelte reißerisch das Hamburger Abendblatt und sorgte bei der Leserschaft für große Verwirrung. Fakt ist, die Redakteurin hat eine Gefahr herauf beschworen, die es praktisch gar nicht gibt. Wenige Tage später warnt der Kreisjägermeister vor Wolfsbegegnungen in Roßlau in Sachsen-Anhalt. Dort soll ein Wolf ein Schaf gerissen haben. In der Mitteldeutschen Zeitung fordert der Jäger Verhaltenstipps für Spaziergänger. Thomas fühlt sich in Sachen Wolfsberichterstattung immer wieder an Joseph Pulitzer erinnert. Dieser sagte mal, dass eine zynische, käufliche, demagogische Presse mit der Zeit ein Volk erzeugen wird, das genauso niederträchtig ist, wie sie selbst. Panik und Unfug verbreiten, darin sind Politiker aber auch kaum zu toppen. Die Brandenburger Staatskanzlei veröffentlichte einen Beitrag auf Social Media, in dem der Ministerpräsident Dietmar Woidke von fast 70 Rudeln und rund 1.000 Wölfen im Land sprach. Damit hat er die offiziellen Zahlen des wissenschaftlichen Monitorings einfach mal fast verdoppelt. Auf Grund des öffentlichen Drucks - ganz besonders durch Steffen Heiber - korrigierte dann die Staatskanzlei ihre Zahlen. Einige Fragen bleiben jedoch. An diesem Freitag, den 7.3., ist der Wolfspodcast zusammen mit dem Freundeskreises freilebender Wölfe und der Allianz Wolf Brandenburg in der Feldberger Seenlandschaft in Mecklenburg Vorpommern. Dort werden seit Jahren immer massiver Ängste vor dem Wolf geschürt. Ginge es nach der Bürgermeisterin, würde jeder Wolf in der Nähe von Ortschaften kurzerhand entnommen. Zufällig ist die Frau auch Jägerin. So schnell wie möglich wollen Sabine und Thomas und ihre Mitstreitern mit den Menschen vor Ort ins Gespräch kommen, um sachlich über den Wolf und Herdenschutz aufzuklären und eventuelle Ängste vor dem Wolf abzubauen. Jeder, der in der Nähe ist, kann gern vorbei kommen. Eine gute Nachricht zum Schluss: Das Land Niedersachsen unterstützt ab diesem Jahr die Halterinnen und Halter von Schafen und Ziegen beim so wichtigen Herdenschutz mit einer zusätzlichen vereinfachten Pauschal-Prämie.
Málokdo ví, že tento magnát amerického tisku měl židovské předky na Moravě. Narodil se však 10. dubna 1847 v maďarském lázeňském městě Makó a už ve svých sedmnácti narukoval do americké armády. V missourském městě Saint Louis se nejprve živil jako mezkař, nosič zavazadel a hrobník, zároveň ale studoval anglický jazyka a práva, a brzy se stal majitelem místních novin.
Málokdo ví, že tento magnát amerického tisku měl židovské předky na Moravě. Narodil se však 10. dubna 1847 v maďarském lázeňském městě Makó a už ve svých sedmnácti narukoval do americké armády. V missourském městě Saint Louis se nejprve živil jako mezkař, nosič zavazadel a hrobník, zároveň ale studoval anglický jazyka a práva, a brzy se stal majitelem místních novin.Všechny díly podcastu Příběhy z kalendáře můžete pohodlně poslouchat v mobilní aplikaci mujRozhlas pro Android a iOS nebo na webu mujRozhlas.cz.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, several major Americans were the battleground for a conflict between two great powers. These powers were not armies or nations; rather, they were newspaper conglomerates headed by two of the most powerful figures in the history of American media. The competition between them was furious, and it was fought not just on the pages of their newspapers but sometimes on the streets. Learn more about Joseph Pulitzer, William Randolph Hearst, and the newspaper wars on this episode of Everything Everywhere Daily. Sponsors Plan your next trip to Spain at Spain.info! Sign up at butcherbox.com/daily and use code daily to get chicken breast, salmon or ground beef FREE in every order for a year plus $20 off your first order! Subscribe to the podcast! https://link.chtbl.com/EverythingEverywhere?sid=ShowNotes -------------------------------- Executive Producer: Charles Daniel Associate Producers: Ben Long & Cameron Kieffer Become a supporter on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/everythingeverywhere Update your podcast app at newpodcastapps.com Discord Server: https://discord.gg/UkRUJFh Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/everythingeverywhere/ Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/everythingeverywheredaily Twitter: https://twitter.com/everywheretrip Website: https://everything-everywhere.com/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
This is the full show for September 18, 2024. We ask the American Mamas if parents these days are too soft or not soft enough. We Dig Deep into the FBI's response to a tweet about Kamala Harris. Plus, polar bears, the Great Barrier Reef, and the Island of Tuvalu. All of them are Bright Spots. And we finish off with some words of wisdom from Joseph Pulitzer that will make you say, “Whoa!”
In this episode from our vault, historian Chris Daly reviews the sensational career of publisher Joseph Pulitzer before we take a virtual tour of the Missouri History Museum in Pulitzer's adopted hometown of St. Louis. The transcript is episode 65 at https://journalism-history.org/podcast/.
Tháng 7 hàng năm, với Quốc Khánh Pháp và Hoa Kỳ là dịp nhắc lại lịch sử mối quan hệ dài lâu của hai nước. Dù với con đường tìm đến Tự do khác nhau, đôi khi rất khác biệt, hai nước luôn chia sẻ những giá trị chung. Một biểu tượng còn mãi minh chứng cho điều này, chính là bức tượng Nữ Thần Tự Do - món quà mà những người Pháp gửi tặng nước Mỹ nhân dịp quốc khánh. Món quà độc nhất vô nhị đã trở thành biểu tượng của nước Mỹ tự do cho đến ngày nay, nhưng lịch sử hình thành đầy thăng trầm của nó thì có lẽ ít được biết đến hơn.Ý tưởng từ sự chia sẻ giá trị tự do Ý tưởng thiết kế bức tượng này của nhà điêu khắc Fédéric Auguste Bartholdi mang ý nghĩa sâu sắc về sự chia sẻ giá trị tự do của hai nước Pháp - Hoa Kỳ. Theo thuyết minh của tác giả, ý tưởng được bắt nguồn từ câu nói của chính trị gia và luật sư Edouard René de Laboulaye năm 1865, trong buổi tối ăn với bạn hữu. Họ là những chính trị gia phái Tự do, ủng hộ phe Liên Bang Mỹ. Laboulaye là một chuyên gia về chính trị Mỹ, ông cũng là thành viên Hiệp hội bãi bỏ chế độ nô lệ trên toàn thế giới : "Nếu một tượng đài cần được dựng lên tại Hoa Kỳ để làm đài kỷ niệm đánh dấu nền độc lập của họ, tôi thiết nghĩ lẽ tự nhiên duy nhất là nếu nó được xây dựng bằng sự hợp lực - một việc làm chung của cả hai quốc gia chúng ta". Ban đầu, bức tượng được dự kiến hoàn thành và gửi tặng nước Mỹ vào năm 1876. Tại thời điểm đó, bối cảnh chính trị Pháp lại không tạo điều kiện để biến ý tưởng đó thành hiện thực, khi chính quyền Đế chế thứ 2 của Napoleon III độc tài chuyên chế ủng hộ phe Miền Nam trong nội chiến Mỹ. Sau đó, những thăng trầm của quan hệ ngoại giao Pháp - Mỹ cũng cản trở cho việc hiện thực hóa món quà này.Vì vậy, nhà điêu khắc Bartholdi đưa ý tưởng Nữ thần tự do vào một dự án dựng một bức tượng khổng lồ tại lối vào kênh đào Suez tại Ai Cập thời gian nó được xây dựng. Hình dáng và tư thế của bản vẽ này khá tương đồng với bức tượng hiện nay tại Mỹ, nhưng với khuân mặt của một phụ nữ Ai Cập. Tuy nhiên, dự án này đã không được thành hiện thực.« Món quà » thành quả của 20 năm miệt mài theo đuổi của hai « cha đẻ » tâm huyết Nếu tên tuổi của bức tượng đã quá nổi tiếng, thì tiểu sử của hai « cha đẻ » của bức tượng lại ít được biết đến hơn. Laboulaye là giáo sư trường Collège de France danh tiếng - ngôi trường từ lúc ra đời đến nay mang sứ mạng giảng dạy miễn phí những kiến thúc bậc cao trên nhiều lĩnh vực và mở cửa tự do cho mọi đối tượng. Ông là giáo sư luật đầu tiên đưa nghiên cứu lịch sử hiến pháp Hoa Kỳ vào giảng dạy tại Pháp.Bằng bài giảng và những sách xuất bản sau đó, ông ghi dấu như một nhà Hoa Kỳ học chuyên sâu của thế kỷ 19, là cầu nối quan trọng đưa lịch sử Hoa Kỳ, đặc biệt là lịch sử hiến pháp Hoa Kỳ đến với người Pháp. Ông đóng góp tích cực vào phe ủng hộ dân chủ đang lớn mạnh, với mong muốn sẽ xây dựng nền dân chủ Pháp sau này theo hình mẫu dân chủ Hoa Kỳ.Thống nhất với tư tưởng này, Laboulaye kiên trì nhiều năm vận động không ngừng nghỉ trên khắp các diễn đàn chính giới Pháp hay vận động các nhà đầu tư, tầng lớp trí thức, để kêu gọi sự ủng hộ và tài trợ cho dự án dựng tượng đài tặng nước Mỹ này.Người thứ hai đóng góp cho việc tượng Nữ Thần Tự Do sừng sững dựng lên trên cửa ngõ vào New York không ai khác chính là nhà điêu khắc Bartholdi. Là một điêu khắc gia tài năng sớm nổi tiếng và nhận được đơn đặt hàng dựng tượng khắp nơi tại Pháp, ông nuôi hoài bão dựng những bức tượng lớn hơn, có tầm ảnh hưởng cao tầm quốc tế. Tâm đắc với những tư tưởng của Laboulaye, ông nung nấu dựng bức tượng giàu ý nghĩa về ngọn đuốc sáng của tự do soi đường nhân loại.Sau khi ý tưởng ban đầu không thể thực hiện, rồi dự án tại kênh đào Suez cũng bất thành, Bartholdi nhập ngũ nhiều năm, nhưng vẫn không nguôi thiết tha với dự án lớn này. Giải ngũ, nhờ sự giới thiệu của Laboulaye, ông thực hiện một chuyến vượt Đại Tây Dương để quảng bá cho dự án của mình. Ông những mong lôi kéo được thêm những nhà tài trợ từ phía Mỹ, đồng thời tìm kiếm một khu đất phù hợp để dựng bức tượng. Tuy vậy, suốt 5 tháng trời đi khắp các bang của Hoa Kỳ để vận động, ông thất bại trở về Pháp mà không thu lượm được sự ủng hộ tài chính nào đáng kể.Thất bại đó không khiến hai người chùn bước, thay vì có thể thực hiện nhanh chóng, bức tượng dần thành hình từng phần nhỏ. Phải đợi 20 năm sau, với sự cố gắng không ngơi nghỉ của hai « cha đẻ » của bức tượng - nhà điêu khắc và luật gia - từ bản vẽ, bức tượng mới được dựng lên trên đảo Bedloe, sau đổi tên thành đảo Tự Do.Những tên tuổi lớn tham gia thiết kế tượng - từ Violet Le Duc đến Gustave EiffelBức tượng có tầm vóc lớn như một tòa nhà 15 tầng (46m). Ý tưởng điêu khắc của Barhtholdi cần phải có sự đóng góp thiết kế kỹ thuật của những chuyên gia hàng đầu Pháp thời bấy giờ. Ban đầu, phần cấu trúc tượng được thiết kế với lõi cấu trúc xây gạch thành những khoang chứa đầy cát lớn để tạo ổn định cho tượng.Ý tưởng này do kiến trúc sư danh tiếng Violet Le Duc đề xuất. Ông được biết đến với việc cải tạo lại Nhà thờ Đức Bà Paris và tham gia xây dựng nhiều cung điện, công trình kiến trúc lớn thế kỷ 18-19. Tuy vậy, do công trình phải đợi hàng chục năm để thực hiện, Violet le Duc ốm nặng và qua đời.Một kỹ sư khác được mời thay thế, không ai khác chính là Gustave Eiffel, đã rất thành công với nhiều công trình cầu đường bằng kết cấu kim loại, và sau này là tòa tháp mang tên ông - biểu tượng của nước Pháp. Eiffel đã thuyết phục Bartholdi thay đổi hoàn toàn kết cấu chịu lực của tượng bằng khung thép vững chắc như một mố cầu. Một lớp khung kim loại thứ hai tạo một lớp vỏ 3 chiều theo dáng khung tượng để cố định các tấm đồng, lớp vỏ này cũng đủ kiên cố để tự chịu lực chống rung với biên độ 8cm trước tốc độ gió 80 km/h.Nhờ thiết kế với kỹ thuật mới này, kỹ sư kết cấu Gustave Eiffel đã đóng góp quan trọng dựng nên hai công trình biểu tượng của hai cường quốc Hoa Kỳ - Pháp, vẫn vươn cao vững chãi với thời gian hơn một thế kỷ sau.Phần vỏ bọc của tượng được xưởng đúc Gaget-Gauthier et Cie làm từ 300 tấm đồng kích cỡ 3m², dày 2.5mm. 64 tấn đồng do nhà công nghiệp Pierre-Eugène Secrétan tài trợ. Công xưởng dựng tượng được thuê tại quận 17 Paris, phố Chazelles.Có một giai thoại liên quan đến cái tên xưởng đúc Gaget này. Trong quá trình xây dựng tượng, để tiếp tục quyên góp và thu thập kinh phí xây tượng, vào năm 1876-100 năm, dịp Quốc Khánh Hoa kỳ, những hình đồ lưu niệm bức tượng tỉ lệ nhỏ được bán để gây quỹ. Trên đế tượng khắc tên xưởng đúc đồng « Gaget ». Người Mỹ đã gọi tên những món đồ chơi nhỏ này phát âm chệch đi thành « gadget » - và từ đó trở thành từ tiếng Anh gọi tên những món đồ chơi nhỏ.Quyên góp kinh phí : sức mạnh ủng hô từ tầng lớp bình dân Riêng việc tìm kiếm kinh phí dựng bức tượng này có thể viết thành một câu chuyện dài kỳ trải suốt 2 thập kỷ được khởi xướng từ những cá nhân và hiệp hội hữu ái Pháp-Mỹ (Comité de l'Union Franco-Americaine). Nhiều giai đoạn không được chính quyền cả hai nước hậu thuẫn, nên việc kêu gọi kinh phí cũng rất chật vật.Không vì thế mà nhà điêu khắc và sử gia mất hi vọng. Vượt qua nhiều gián đoạn, chậm trễ, họ vẫn kiên trì tranh thủ từng cơ hội quyên góp từ vô vàn hình thức khác nhau, qua những buổi tổ chức sự kiện, hòa nhạc, nhuận bút các bài viết, xổ số, triển lãm quốc tế, đến bán đồ lưu niệm, xin tài trợ của các cá nhân và chính quyền địa phương, suốt 5 năm trời. Bên kia bờ Đại Tây Dương, phần xây đế tượng cũng phải tìm kiếm kinh phí bằng những buổi nhạc kịch, thi đấu đấm box, bán đấu giá, trích thuế địa phương.Bị giới thượng lưu tinh hoa và chính trị gia thời bấy giờ thờ ơ, không mấy mặn mà, việc quyên góp tại Mỹ đã diễn ra chậm chạp, bức tượng có nguy cơ không thể hoàn thành. Nhiều lý do được đưa ra giải thích : suy nghĩ nghi ngờ mục đích đằng sau của món quà, nỗi e dè biểu tượng « tự do » theo kiểu « Cách Mạng Pháp », sự mơ hồ không đoán được hiệu ứng mang lại từ một bức tượng khổng lồ sẽ ra sao …Phải nhờ đến chiến dịch kêu gọi quyên góp từ độc giả bình dân, trên tạp chí New York World, của ông chủ tòa soạn danh tiếng Joseph Pulitzer (tên của giải thưởng báo chí nổi tiếng ngày nay) thì phần kinh phí cuối cùng mới được hoàn tất. Pulitzer cho đăng hàng loạt bài báo giải thích ý nghĩa, giá trị tự do của bức tượng, nhiều nhà báo khác viết bài chỉ trích, mai mỉa giới thượng lưu đã quay lưng không ủng hộ … Dần dần, bức tượng ngày càng được yêu thích trong tầng lớp bình dân. Đặc biệt, đi kèm với chiến dịch truyền thông bài bản, Pulitzer giữ lời hứa đăng trên mặt báo tên của tất cả cá nhân quyên góp, bất kể khoản tiền chỉ vài xu.Nhờ vào 100.000 đô la quyên góp của 121.000 bạn đọc báo New York World trong vài tháng đó, mà nước Mỹ cuối cùng cũng có được biểu tượng cho giá trị Tự do soi đường của mình, vẫn sừng sững hơn 1 thế kỷ sau.Qua nhiều mốc Quốc Khánh Mỹ 04/07 bị lỡ hẹn, bức tượng được dựng trọn vẹn tại Pháp đón khách thăm quan vào ngày 04/07/1884, rồi lại gỡ ra đóng trong hơn 200 kiện, trải qua hành trình dài cập bến Hoa Kỳ vào cuối tháng 06/1885 rồi được dựng lên trên đảo Bedloe, sau được đổi tên thành Liberty, và được khánh thành vào cuối năm 1986. Cuối cùng, món quà vĩ đại đến từ nước Pháp chào mừng Quốc Khánh thứ 100 của Hoa Kỳ đã được thành hiện thực, dù muộn tròn 1 thập kỷ.Nhìn lại, chính việc biểu tượng Tự Do của xứ Cờ Hoa được xây dựng bởi ý tưởng của những cá nhân yêu chuộng tự do và dân chủ, sau bao chông gai thử thách, nhờ vào những đồng quyên góp nhỏ bé của những dân thường, đã làm cho nó mang đậm ý nghĩa của một Tự Do đích thực. Tự do và nền tảng dân chủ, được đắp xây bởi từng cá nhân yêu chuộng và góp sức, chứ không phải một tặng vật được ban phát thụ hưởng dễ dàng. Bức tượng trở thành biểu trưng của Tự do - giá trị cốt lõi mà các nền dân chủ gìn giữ, như ngọn đuốc thắp sáng mãi vươn cao soi đường qua mọi bước thăng trầm của lịch sử.
Tháng 7 hàng năm, với Quốc Khánh Pháp và Hoa Kỳ là dịp nhắc lại lịch sử mối quan hệ dài lâu của hai nước. Dù với con đường tìm đến Tự do khác nhau, đôi khi rất khác biệt, hai nước luôn chia sẻ những giá trị chung. Một biểu tượng còn mãi minh chứng cho điều này, chính là bức tượng Nữ Thần Tự Do - món quà mà những người Pháp gửi tặng nước Mỹ nhân dịp quốc khánh. Món quà độc nhất vô nhị đã trở thành biểu tượng của nước Mỹ tự do cho đến ngày nay, nhưng lịch sử hình thành đầy thăng trầm của nó thì có lẽ ít được biết đến hơn.Ý tưởng từ sự chia sẻ giá trị tự do Ý tưởng thiết kế bức tượng này của nhà điêu khắc Fédéric Auguste Bartholdi mang ý nghĩa sâu sắc về sự chia sẻ giá trị tự do của hai nước Pháp - Hoa Kỳ. Theo thuyết minh của tác giả, ý tưởng được bắt nguồn từ câu nói của chính trị gia và luật sư Edouard René de Laboulaye năm 1865, trong buổi tối ăn với bạn hữu. Họ là những chính trị gia phái Tự do, ủng hộ phe Liên Bang Mỹ. Laboulaye là một chuyên gia về chính trị Mỹ, ông cũng là thành viên Hiệp hội bãi bỏ chế độ nô lệ trên toàn thế giới : "Nếu một tượng đài cần được dựng lên tại Hoa Kỳ để làm đài kỷ niệm đánh dấu nền độc lập của họ, tôi thiết nghĩ lẽ tự nhiên duy nhất là nếu nó được xây dựng bằng sự hợp lực - một việc làm chung của cả hai quốc gia chúng ta". Ban đầu, bức tượng được dự kiến hoàn thành và gửi tặng nước Mỹ vào năm 1876. Tại thời điểm đó, bối cảnh chính trị Pháp lại không tạo điều kiện để biến ý tưởng đó thành hiện thực, khi chính quyền Đế chế thứ 2 của Napoleon III độc tài chuyên chế ủng hộ phe Miền Nam trong nội chiến Mỹ. Sau đó, những thăng trầm của quan hệ ngoại giao Pháp - Mỹ cũng cản trở cho việc hiện thực hóa món quà này.Vì vậy, nhà điêu khắc Bartholdi đưa ý tưởng Nữ thần tự do vào một dự án dựng một bức tượng khổng lồ tại lối vào kênh đào Suez tại Ai Cập thời gian nó được xây dựng. Hình dáng và tư thế của bản vẽ này khá tương đồng với bức tượng hiện nay tại Mỹ, nhưng với khuân mặt của một phụ nữ Ai Cập. Tuy nhiên, dự án này đã không được thành hiện thực.« Món quà » thành quả của 20 năm miệt mài theo đuổi của hai « cha đẻ » tâm huyết Nếu tên tuổi của bức tượng đã quá nổi tiếng, thì tiểu sử của hai « cha đẻ » của bức tượng lại ít được biết đến hơn. Laboulaye là giáo sư trường Collège de France danh tiếng - ngôi trường từ lúc ra đời đến nay mang sứ mạng giảng dạy miễn phí những kiến thúc bậc cao trên nhiều lĩnh vực và mở cửa tự do cho mọi đối tượng. Ông là giáo sư luật đầu tiên đưa nghiên cứu lịch sử hiến pháp Hoa Kỳ vào giảng dạy tại Pháp.Bằng bài giảng và những sách xuất bản sau đó, ông ghi dấu như một nhà Hoa Kỳ học chuyên sâu của thế kỷ 19, là cầu nối quan trọng đưa lịch sử Hoa Kỳ, đặc biệt là lịch sử hiến pháp Hoa Kỳ đến với người Pháp. Ông đóng góp tích cực vào phe ủng hộ dân chủ đang lớn mạnh, với mong muốn sẽ xây dựng nền dân chủ Pháp sau này theo hình mẫu dân chủ Hoa Kỳ.Thống nhất với tư tưởng này, Laboulaye kiên trì nhiều năm vận động không ngừng nghỉ trên khắp các diễn đàn chính giới Pháp hay vận động các nhà đầu tư, tầng lớp trí thức, để kêu gọi sự ủng hộ và tài trợ cho dự án dựng tượng đài tặng nước Mỹ này.Người thứ hai đóng góp cho việc tượng Nữ Thần Tự Do sừng sững dựng lên trên cửa ngõ vào New York không ai khác chính là nhà điêu khắc Bartholdi. Là một điêu khắc gia tài năng sớm nổi tiếng và nhận được đơn đặt hàng dựng tượng khắp nơi tại Pháp, ông nuôi hoài bão dựng những bức tượng lớn hơn, có tầm ảnh hưởng cao tầm quốc tế. Tâm đắc với những tư tưởng của Laboulaye, ông nung nấu dựng bức tượng giàu ý nghĩa về ngọn đuốc sáng của tự do soi đường nhân loại.Sau khi ý tưởng ban đầu không thể thực hiện, rồi dự án tại kênh đào Suez cũng bất thành, Bartholdi nhập ngũ nhiều năm, nhưng vẫn không nguôi thiết tha với dự án lớn này. Giải ngũ, nhờ sự giới thiệu của Laboulaye, ông thực hiện một chuyến vượt Đại Tây Dương để quảng bá cho dự án của mình. Ông những mong lôi kéo được thêm những nhà tài trợ từ phía Mỹ, đồng thời tìm kiếm một khu đất phù hợp để dựng bức tượng. Tuy vậy, suốt 5 tháng trời đi khắp các bang của Hoa Kỳ để vận động, ông thất bại trở về Pháp mà không thu lượm được sự ủng hộ tài chính nào đáng kể.Thất bại đó không khiến hai người chùn bước, thay vì có thể thực hiện nhanh chóng, bức tượng dần thành hình từng phần nhỏ. Phải đợi 20 năm sau, với sự cố gắng không ngơi nghỉ của hai « cha đẻ » của bức tượng - nhà điêu khắc và luật gia - từ bản vẽ, bức tượng mới được dựng lên trên đảo Bedloe, sau đổi tên thành đảo Tự Do.Những tên tuổi lớn tham gia thiết kế tượng - từ Violet Le Duc đến Gustave EiffelBức tượng có tầm vóc lớn như một tòa nhà 15 tầng (46m). Ý tưởng điêu khắc của Barhtholdi cần phải có sự đóng góp thiết kế kỹ thuật của những chuyên gia hàng đầu Pháp thời bấy giờ. Ban đầu, phần cấu trúc tượng được thiết kế với lõi cấu trúc xây gạch thành những khoang chứa đầy cát lớn để tạo ổn định cho tượng.Ý tưởng này do kiến trúc sư danh tiếng Violet Le Duc đề xuất. Ông được biết đến với việc cải tạo lại Nhà thờ Đức Bà Paris và tham gia xây dựng nhiều cung điện, công trình kiến trúc lớn thế kỷ 18-19. Tuy vậy, do công trình phải đợi hàng chục năm để thực hiện, Violet le Duc ốm nặng và qua đời.Một kỹ sư khác được mời thay thế, không ai khác chính là Gustave Eiffel, đã rất thành công với nhiều công trình cầu đường bằng kết cấu kim loại, và sau này là tòa tháp mang tên ông - biểu tượng của nước Pháp. Eiffel đã thuyết phục Bartholdi thay đổi hoàn toàn kết cấu chịu lực của tượng bằng khung thép vững chắc như một mố cầu. Một lớp khung kim loại thứ hai tạo một lớp vỏ 3 chiều theo dáng khung tượng để cố định các tấm đồng, lớp vỏ này cũng đủ kiên cố để tự chịu lực chống rung với biên độ 8cm trước tốc độ gió 80 km/h.Nhờ thiết kế với kỹ thuật mới này, kỹ sư kết cấu Gustave Eiffel đã đóng góp quan trọng dựng nên hai công trình biểu tượng của hai cường quốc Hoa Kỳ - Pháp, vẫn vươn cao vững chãi với thời gian hơn một thế kỷ sau.Phần vỏ bọc của tượng được xưởng đúc Gaget-Gauthier et Cie làm từ 300 tấm đồng kích cỡ 3m², dày 2.5mm. 64 tấn đồng do nhà công nghiệp Pierre-Eugène Secrétan tài trợ. Công xưởng dựng tượng được thuê tại quận 17 Paris, phố Chazelles.Có một giai thoại liên quan đến cái tên xưởng đúc Gaget này. Trong quá trình xây dựng tượng, để tiếp tục quyên góp và thu thập kinh phí xây tượng, vào năm 1876-100 năm, dịp Quốc Khánh Hoa kỳ, những hình đồ lưu niệm bức tượng tỉ lệ nhỏ được bán để gây quỹ. Trên đế tượng khắc tên xưởng đúc đồng « Gaget ». Người Mỹ đã gọi tên những món đồ chơi nhỏ này phát âm chệch đi thành « gadget » - và từ đó trở thành từ tiếng Anh gọi tên những món đồ chơi nhỏ.Quyên góp kinh phí : sức mạnh ủng hô từ tầng lớp bình dân Riêng việc tìm kiếm kinh phí dựng bức tượng này có thể viết thành một câu chuyện dài kỳ trải suốt 2 thập kỷ được khởi xướng từ những cá nhân và hiệp hội hữu ái Pháp-Mỹ (Comité de l'Union Franco-Americaine). Nhiều giai đoạn không được chính quyền cả hai nước hậu thuẫn, nên việc kêu gọi kinh phí cũng rất chật vật.Không vì thế mà nhà điêu khắc và sử gia mất hi vọng. Vượt qua nhiều gián đoạn, chậm trễ, họ vẫn kiên trì tranh thủ từng cơ hội quyên góp từ vô vàn hình thức khác nhau, qua những buổi tổ chức sự kiện, hòa nhạc, nhuận bút các bài viết, xổ số, triển lãm quốc tế, đến bán đồ lưu niệm, xin tài trợ của các cá nhân và chính quyền địa phương, suốt 5 năm trời. Bên kia bờ Đại Tây Dương, phần xây đế tượng cũng phải tìm kiếm kinh phí bằng những buổi nhạc kịch, thi đấu đấm box, bán đấu giá, trích thuế địa phương.Bị giới thượng lưu tinh hoa và chính trị gia thời bấy giờ thờ ơ, không mấy mặn mà, việc quyên góp tại Mỹ đã diễn ra chậm chạp, bức tượng có nguy cơ không thể hoàn thành. Nhiều lý do được đưa ra giải thích : suy nghĩ nghi ngờ mục đích đằng sau của món quà, nỗi e dè biểu tượng « tự do » theo kiểu « Cách Mạng Pháp », sự mơ hồ không đoán được hiệu ứng mang lại từ một bức tượng khổng lồ sẽ ra sao …Phải nhờ đến chiến dịch kêu gọi quyên góp từ độc giả bình dân, trên tạp chí New York World, của ông chủ tòa soạn danh tiếng Joseph Pulitzer (tên của giải thưởng báo chí nổi tiếng ngày nay) thì phần kinh phí cuối cùng mới được hoàn tất. Pulitzer cho đăng hàng loạt bài báo giải thích ý nghĩa, giá trị tự do của bức tượng, nhiều nhà báo khác viết bài chỉ trích, mai mỉa giới thượng lưu đã quay lưng không ủng hộ … Dần dần, bức tượng ngày càng được yêu thích trong tầng lớp bình dân. Đặc biệt, đi kèm với chiến dịch truyền thông bài bản, Pulitzer giữ lời hứa đăng trên mặt báo tên của tất cả cá nhân quyên góp, bất kể khoản tiền chỉ vài xu.Nhờ vào 100.000 đô la quyên góp của 121.000 bạn đọc báo New York World trong vài tháng đó, mà nước Mỹ cuối cùng cũng có được biểu tượng cho giá trị Tự do soi đường của mình, vẫn sừng sững hơn 1 thế kỷ sau.Qua nhiều mốc Quốc Khánh Mỹ 04/07 bị lỡ hẹn, bức tượng được dựng trọn vẹn tại Pháp đón khách thăm quan vào ngày 04/07/1884, rồi lại gỡ ra đóng trong hơn 200 kiện, trải qua hành trình dài cập bến Hoa Kỳ vào cuối tháng 06/1885 rồi được dựng lên trên đảo Bedloe, sau được đổi tên thành Liberty, và được khánh thành vào cuối năm 1986. Cuối cùng, món quà vĩ đại đến từ nước Pháp chào mừng Quốc Khánh thứ 100 của Hoa Kỳ đã được thành hiện thực, dù muộn tròn 1 thập kỷ.Nhìn lại, chính việc biểu tượng Tự Do của xứ Cờ Hoa được xây dựng bởi ý tưởng của những cá nhân yêu chuộng tự do và dân chủ, sau bao chông gai thử thách, nhờ vào những đồng quyên góp nhỏ bé của những dân thường, đã làm cho nó mang đậm ý nghĩa của một Tự Do đích thực. Tự do và nền tảng dân chủ, được đắp xây bởi từng cá nhân yêu chuộng và góp sức, chứ không phải một tặng vật được ban phát thụ hưởng dễ dàng. Bức tượng trở thành biểu trưng của Tự do - giá trị cốt lõi mà các nền dân chủ gìn giữ, như ngọn đuốc thắp sáng mãi vươn cao soi đường qua mọi bước thăng trầm của lịch sử.
Carl is joined by veteran journalist, writer and tour guide Michael Morgenthal for a journey through the pages of 19th century newspapers. Michael traces the history of several of our most well known newspapers today including the New York Post and the New York Times as well as how Gilded Age journalists and readers had - in their way - the (nearly) 24 hour news cycle that we are so accustomed to today. By the end of the Gilded Age there were over 20 daily newspapers published in New York City alone. Each has a slightly different focus, much as our papers do today, and they scooped their news in a variety of ways. This episode takes a look at New York's newspaper history and just what it was like in the Gilded Age. Michael shares the story behind several influential figures including Alexander Hamilton and famed poet and publisher William Cullen Bryant, leading up to the great wars for sensational journalism fought by William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer. In addition, you'll discover when newspapers adopted the popular tabloid size, and when actual advertising began to be used to create income.
In this episode, we explore the origins of an American icon. She is world famous. She's very tall. And she's French. She is known as the Statue of Liberty.The statue of Liberty is an iconic landmark and one of the most recognised symbols of the United States. But did you know that Lady Liberty is an immigrant? It's true, she's a French woman by birth who has made New York her home. (No wonder she's so elegant.)She almost didn't go to America at all, Gustave Eiffel was involved in her design, and Joseph Pulitzer, of Pulitzer Prize fame, was instrumental in her standing tall, her index dinger is more than 8 feet long... Find out the fascinating French history, facts and legends about the Statue of Liberty. Follow us: On Twitter On Instagram On Facebook On The Good Life France's website On Paris Chanson's Thanks for listening!
====================================================SUSCRIBETEhttps://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNpffyr-7_zP1x1lS89ByaQ?sub_confirmation=1=======================================================================DECIDETE HOYDevoción Matutina para Jóvenes 2024Narrado por: Daniel RamosDesde: Connecticut, Estados Unidos===================|| www.drministries.org ||===================06 DE ABRILSALVADO EN UN TRANSBORDADOR«Sobre esta piedra voy a construir mi iglesia; y ni siquiera el poder de la muerte podrá vencerla» (Mateo 16: 18). Hace muchos años, el inmigrante húngaro Joseph Pulitzer trató de encontrar trabajo en Nuevo York, pero los excombatientes de la Guerra Civil habían saturado el mercado laboral. Alguien le sugirió que fuera a San Luis. Joseph emprendió el viaje a pie, casi sin dinero en el bolsillo. Llegó a su destino en medio de una tormenta de nieve. Cansado, hambriento y sin un céntimo en el bolsillo, se acercó a la entrada del transbordador (un buque que transporta pasajeros y carga de una costa hasta la otra). Entonces escuchó a los balseros que se gritaban en alemán. Al oír un idioma familiar para él, se llenó de entusiasmo y valor. Se acercó a la entrada y gritó: — ¡Oigan! ¡Por favor! ¿No tienen algún trabajo para mí? ¿Necesitan ayuda en el transbordador? Debo cruzar, pero no tengo dinero. — ¿Qué quieres, chiquillo? —Uno de los hombres se acercó y lo miró por las rejas. — No tengo dinero para un boleto y si me quedo aquí moriré de frío. ¿No tienen algún trabajo que pueda hacer? Estaría dispuesto a realizar cualquier tipo de trabajo. — Necesitamos alguien que le eche carbón al horno que mantiene la caldera en marcha. Tenemos que hacer otros dos viajes. — Lo haré —dijo Joseph. Tengo que llegar al otro lado. Joseph Pulitzer llegó mucho más lejos. Con el tiempo fue el propietario de un diario importante de Nueva York. Su recuerdo permanece a través de los Premios Pulitzer, que se otorgan en abril de cada año por logros en el periodismo, la literatura y la composición musical en Estados Unidos. Tú y yo estábamos como Joseph, parados en medio del frío, sin medios humanos para cruzar el río que conduce a las mansiones celestiales, pero Jesús nos recibió en su barca: la iglesia. Tal vez la iglesia no te parezca un lugar acogedor y a veces te sientas como si echaras carbón al horno que mantiene la caldera en marcha. De todos modos, ese es el mejor lugar en el que puedas estar. Afuera morirías, pero aquí estás a salvo.¿Has agradecido alguna vez por el privilegio de pertenecer al pueblo de Dios? Hoy es un buen día para agradecer a Dios por ser parte de su iglesia.
La huelga de los niños vendedores de periódicos de 1899 fue una campaña liderada por niños pobres o huerfanos en Estados Unidos para cambiar la forma en que los periódicos de Joseph Pulitzer y William Randolph Hearst compensaban a sus vendedores de periódicos o "newsboys". Síguenos y visita nuestro sitio oficial: https://www.instagram.com/eldollop https://twitter.com/eldollop https://www.facebook.com/eldolloppodcast http://eldollop.com
Nous sommes le 4 juin 1905. Plongeons-nous dans le « New York World », journal fondé quarante-cinq plus tôt, racheté par Joseph Pulitzer, réputé plutôt pour ses informations un peu croustillantes, il le premier du genre à être accompagné d'un supplément en couleur. Ce jour-là donc, la canard revient sur l'entrée au gouvernement d'un certain Charles-Joseph Bonaparte, nous sommes sous la présidence de Théodore Roosevelt. L'article dépeint la physionomie du petit-neveu de Napoléon. On peut lire : « Son sourire fascine quiconque le regarde en face, malheureux, troublant, doux, sirupeux, intrusif, séducteur, trompeur, sarcastique, sardonique, terrifiant, paralysant … diabolique. » Avocat connu de Baltimore, devenu ministre de la marine, ce Bonaparte-là, disent encore ses contemporains, parle d'une voix traînante proche d'un gémissement. Il avait le goût du service public, mû par l'intérêt général, c'est ainsi que devenu ministre de la justice, il combattra les abus de toutes sortes, notamment ceux des grands groupes industriels, des trusts financiers et fondera, en 1908, le « Bureau of Investigation », ancêtre du fameux FBI. Retiré de la vie politique, il restera un conseillé avisé et plaidera, notamment, dès 1914, pour l'entrée en guerre des Etats-Unis. Revenons, aujourd'hui sur le parcours, un peu oublié, du seul Bonaparte à s'être illustré outre-Atlantique… Invité : Daniel de Montplaisir « Charles-Joseph Bonaparte, fondateur du FBI » aux éditions Perrin. Sujets traités : Charles-Joseph Bonaparte,Théodore Roosevelt, Napoléo, avocat, ministre, marine, Baltimore,Bureau of Investigation, FBI Merci pour votre écoute Un Jour dans l'Histoire, c'est également en direct tous les jours de la semaine de 13h15 à 15h sur www.rtbf.be/lapremiere Retrouvez tous les épisodes d'Un Jour dans l'Histoire sur notre plateforme Auvio.be : https://auvio.rtbf.be/emission/5936 Et si vous avez apprécié ce podcast, n'hésitez pas à nous donner des étoiles ou des commentaires, cela nous aide à le faire connaître plus largement.
Back in the day of publishers William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer, newsboys were essential players in the circulation pipeline, cheap labor that made the highly competitive industry profitable. The newsboy became an America cultural trope or archetype, a focus of rags-to-riches fiction, the target of pity and social welfare activism, a smiling stereotype, an exemplar of hard work, and an incarnation of urban poverty. "Please Buy My Last Paper, I Want to Go Home”: Portrayal of Newsboys and Newsgirls in 19th and 20th Century Music" is a talk given last Fall by Joshua Duchan from Wayne State University's Music Department and Eric Freedman from the Michigan State University School of Journalism. The talk was part of MSU's Our Daily Work/Our Daily Lives brown bag series, organized by John Beck. Today's show features highlights from that talk, and adds in a number of the songs they reference. On this week's Labor History in Two: renowned Illinois poet Carl Sandburg wrote about workers in Gary, Indiana and farmers around Omaha, Nebraska; he wrote about railroad workers and steel workers. Questions, comments, or suggestions are welcome, and to find out how you can be a part of Labor History Today, email us at LaborHistoryToday@gmail.com Labor History Today is produced by the Labor Heritage Foundation and the Kalmanovitz Initiative for Labor and the Working Poor. @michiganstateu #LaborRadioPod #History #WorkingClass #ClassStruggle @GeorgetownKILWP #LaborHistory @UMDMLA @ILLaborHistory @AFLCIO @StrikeHistory #LaborHistory @wrkclasshistory
Bienvenidos a un nuevo directo en Telegram. Hoy vamos a hablarles del flúor, ese elemento químico amarillo que siendo muy corrosivo, tóxico y altamente reactivo, es capaz de combinarse químicamente con casi todo, nos lo metemos en la boca por “nuestro bien». Los textos que utilizaré provienen del libro “Dossier Flúor” del dr Jean-Marc Brunet y de “The fluoride deception” de Christopher Bryson más algunas adaptaciones libres y artículos escritos por mi en el pasado ya que conocía de los peligros del flúor desde hace más de 20 años. Decirles que mi hija que tiene 18 años jamás ha utilizado pasta de dientes con flúor y tiene una excelente salud dental. El flúor constituye el núcleo elemental de algunas de las mayores fortunas que el mundo ha visto jamás, la riqueza casi inimaginable de los Mellons de Pittsburgh y los Du Ponts de Delaware. Y no es de extrañar que la advertencia en el tubo de pasta de dientes sea tan dramática. La misma potente sustancia química que se utiliza para enriquecer uranio para armas nucleares, para preparar el gas nervioso Sarín y para arrancar acero y aluminio fundidos del mineral de la tierra es la que damos a nuestros hijos a primera hora de la mañana y a última de la noche, con sabor a menta, fresa o chicle. El flúor es una sustancia química tan poderosa que se ha convertido en la savia de la industria moderna, bombeada a toda máquina cada día a través de innumerables fábricas, refinerías y molinos. El fluoruro se utiliza para producir gasolina de alto octanaje; para fundir metales clave como el aluminio, el acero y el berilio; para enriquecer uranio; para fabricar placas de circuitos informáticos, pesticidas, cera para esquís, gases refrigerantes, plástico de teflón, sartenes, alfombras, ropa impermeable, vidrio grabado, ladrillos y cerámica, y numerosos medicamentos, como Prozac y Cipro. “Crea el problema y luego vendeles la solución» frase que bien podría haber dicho Bernays, el mas famoso creador de opinión del siglo XX que también contribuyo a promocionar el flúor. En el libro de Chrystopher Bryson “El engaño del Flúor” nos muestra correspondencia entre el publicitario y el NIDR (Instituto nacional de investigación dental) para que este hiciera campaña a favor de la fluoración. ¿Conocen ese lema que dice “los expertos recomiendan”? Pues es de Bernays. Pero eso ya fue en los 60 y todo esto empezó tras la gran depresión del 1929, cuando las grandes multinacionales no sabían que hacer con sus productos por la gran caída de la demanda. Entre ellos el azúcar. Gerald Judy Cox, químico que participó en la causa de la caries y su “solución». El sr Cox, desarrollo las patentes para transformar la caña de azúcar y el azúcar común sin refinar (que terminaba pudriéndose) en algunos de los productos azucarados que conocemos hoy día. Por si no lo sabían son los ácidos que quedan encima de los dientes tras la transformación del azúcar por las bacterias lo que provoca la caries. Pues este señor que ayudó a que el azúcar terminase empleándose de forma masiva en todo tipo de productos, chicles incluidos, terminó siendo uno de los mayores defensores del uso del flúor para evitar dicha caries, ¿curioso no? Pero veamos dónde empezó todo. Durante la gran depresión, algunas empresas, sobre todo la Aluminum Company of America ALCOA, se enfrentaban a un espinoso problema. Uno de los compuestos naturales del aluminio es la criolita. La criolita es una roca que contiene aluminio, flúor y sodio. Su fórmula química es: Na3AlF6 Por tanto, la criolita contiene tres átomos de sodio, uno de aluminio y seis de flúor en su molécula. Cuando queremos aislar el aluminio, obtenemos como residuo una sal, el fluoruro de sodio. Se trata de una sustancia altamente tóxica que no se encuentra en la naturaleza en su estado puro sino en combinaciones menos peligrosas. El fluoruro de sodio es, por tanto, una sustancia química artificial. Al ser tan tóxico, su comercio esta limitado. Se utiliza en la fabricación de veneno para ratas, como agente blanqueador, como coagulante del caucho, como fijador de tintes, etc. Estos usos del fluoruro de sodio eran ampliamente insuficientes. Se acumulaban enormes reservas de este veneno, sobre todo porque las autoridades gubernamentales impedían a las empresas verterlo en los ríos porque los peces tienen la mala costumbre de morirse después. Como no vendían suficiente y no podían deshacerse de él fácilmente, tuvieron que buscar otra salida para el fluoruro de sodio. Como es habitual en la industria, el problema se remitió a una organización especializada en encontrar soluciones. El Instituto Mellon de Pittsburgh recibió el encargo de encontrar una solución al problema del fluoruro de sodio. El Instituto Mellon, fundado en 1911 por Andrew y Richard Mellon, es un laboratorio de ciencia aplicada abierto a todos los empresarios estadounidenses. Cuando un industrial o fabricante tiene un problema, acude al Instituto y contrata a un científico durante un año. El trabajo del científico consistía en mejorar el producto o encontrarle un nuevo mercado. El Instituto Mellon está actualmente siendo demandado por su defensa acérrima del amianto. El bioquímico Gerald J. Cox del que hablamos antes recibió el encargo de estudiar la delicada cuestión del fluoruro de sodio. Los peligros de esta sustancia química se conocían desde hacía tiempo. Ya en 1920, dos organismos gubernamentales, la Oficina de Minas y el Departamento de Agricultura, expresaban su preocupación por la contaminación por fluoruro. Mientras tanto, sin embargo, el Servicio de Salud Pública de EE.UU. permanecía en silencio. Hacia la década de 1930, el Servicio de Salud Pública pasó a depender del Departamento del Tesoro. De 1921 a 1933, el Secretario de este Departamento no fue otro que el Sr. Andrew W. Mellon, cofundador del Instituto Mellon, acaudalado financiero de Pittsburgh y miembro de una de las familias más ricas y poderosas de Estados Unidos. La familia Mellon posee y controla, entre otros, el Mellon National Bank, Gulf Oil, Koppers Corp. y la Aluminum Company of America. Antes de ocupar el cargo de Secretario del Tesoro, Andrew Mellon fue Presidente de la Aluminum Company. Fue uno de los más feroces opositores a la campaña contra la contaminación por flúor, ya que la Aluminum Co. era la principal contaminadora en este ámbito. En 1931, dos químicos de la Aluminum Co. descubrieron la causa de las horribles manchas marrones que casi todos los habitantes de Bauxite, Arkansas, tenían en los dientes. El agente responsable era el flúor, presente de forma natural en el agua de la ciudad dada la presencia de una industria minera del mineral del aluminio, la bauxita, que termino dando el nombre al pueblo. El Servicio de Salud Pública también se interesó por la fluorosis dental. En 1933, un miembro del personal, el dentista H. Trendley Dean, fue enviado a estudiar los distintos lugares del país donde la población presentaba este tipo de manchas en los dientes. El objetivo era averiguar qué proporción de flúor era necesaria para provocar tales trastornos. El Sr. Dean descubrió que incluso concentraciones mínimas provocaban las manchas en determinados individuos. Llegó a la conclusión de que con una concentración de una parte por millón, ya el 10-20% de la población presentaba esas manchas. Mientras tanto, el bioquímico Gerald J. Cox, que refinó el azúcar para luego curar las caries que esta provocaba, seguía trabajando para encontrar una solución al problema del flúor. En 1939, publicó su informe de investigación: "...Hay que replantearse la opinión predominante", escribió, "de que el agua debe estar completamente libre de fluoruros...". Sugirió añadir fluoruro sódico al agua potable para prevenir la caries dental. La sugerencia de Cox fue recibida con gran cautela por los funcionarios de salud pública. Incluso el dentista Dean del Servicio de Salud Pública, que dijo haber notado una reducción de la caries dental en lugares donde había mucha fluorosis, expresó sus reservas sobre la teoría de Cox. Todo el mundo era consciente de la falta de pruebas sobre los beneficios de los fluoruros en la dentición humana. Por otro lado, estaba claro que los fluoruros eran venenos extremadamente peligrosos como demostró el médico y científico danés Kaj Roholm en 1937. Y aqui entra el primer presidente de la Sociedad de Toxicología, el Dr Harold Hodge, elegido para encabezar la División de Farmacología y Toxicología de la Comisión de Energía Atómica de los Estados Unidos (AEC) y firme defensor de la fluoración del agua. Pocos saben que el Dr. Hodge, el principal investigador de flúor del país que formó a una generación de decanos de facultades de odontología en los años cincuenta y sesenta, fue el toxicólogo jefe en tiempos de guerra del Proyecto Manhattan. Allí ayudó a coreografiar los tristemente célebres experimentos de radiación en humanos, en los que se inyectaba plutonio y uranio a pacientes hospitalizados -sin su conocimiento o consentimiento- para estudiar la toxicidad de esas sustancias químicas en humanos. Hodge también se encargó de estudiar la toxicidad del flúor. La construcción de la primera bomba atómica del mundo había requerido cantidades ingentes de fluoruro. Así que, por ejemplo, en nombre de los fabricantes de bombas, supervisó de forma encubierta uno de los primeros experimentos de fluoración del agua pública del país. Mientras se decía a los ciudadanos de Newburgh, Nueva York, que el flúor reduciría las caries en sus hijos, en secreto se tomaban muestras de sangre y tejidos de los residentes que eran enviadas a su laboratorio atómico para su estudio. La Universidad de los estudios clasificados de fluoruro de Rochester – cuyo nombre en código es Programa F – se llevaron a cabo en el Proyecto de Energía Atómica (AEP), una instalación de alto secreto financiado por la AEC (La Comisión de Energía Atómica de los Estados Unidos) y alojados en el Strong Memorial Hospital. Se produjo allí uno de los experimentos de radiación más notorios en humanos durante la Guerra Fría, en el que los pacientes hospitalarios confiados fueron inyectados con dosis tóxicas de plutonio radiactivo. La revelación de este experimento por cuenta de la periodista Welsome Eileenen la convirtió en ganadora del premio Pulitzer tras escribir “Los archivos del plutonio: Los experimentos médicos secretos de Estados Unidos en la Guerra Fría”. Llevó a una investigación presidencial de los EE.UU en 1995, y un pago en efectivo de varios millones de dólares para las víctimas. El Programa F no trataba de mejorar la salud de los dientes de los niños. Surgió directamente de litigios contra el programa de la bomba y su principal objetivo era proporcionar munición científica que el gobierno y sus contratistas nucleares podrían utilizar para derrotar a las demandas por lesiones personales. El protocolo para las inyecciones de plutonio, que fue escrito por Wright Langham y no se hizo público hasta 1995, reveló que el experimento fue el resultado de la reunión de Rochester, así como de "numerosas conversaciones con el Coronel Warren, el Coronel Friedell y el Dr. LH". Hempelmann. Curiosamente el dr Hempelmann se casó con Elinor Pulitzer la nieta del editor de periódicos Joseph Pulitzer cuyo nombre llevan los “prestigiosos” entre comillas premios periodísticos. A cada paciente se le asignaron las iniciales "HP" seguidas de un número. Según un documento, "HP" significaba Human product "producto humano". Los médicos buscaban pacientes que tuvieran un metabolismo relativamente normal. Según el plan provisional, el grupo decidió que a cada paciente se le inyectaría un promedio de cinco microgramos, o cinco millonésimas de gramo de plutonio. Aunque la dosis prevista era cinco microgramos, la cantidad real de plutonio inyectada a los pacientes varió de 4,6 a 6,5 microgramos. La dosis de radiación acumulada recibida por cada paciente dependía de dos factores: la cantidad de material radiactivo inyectado en el cuerpo y cuánto tiempo vivían los sujetos. Cuanto más vivían los pacientes, mayor era su dosis acumulada. Antes de que comenzaran las inyecciones en humanos, a tres ratas se les inyectó en las venas de la cola la misma solución de plutonio que Langham y Bassett planeaban administrar a los pacientes. Sólo un pequeño porcentaje del plutonio fue a parar a los hígados de los roedores, lo que hizo que los dos científicos tuvieran más confianza en que el plutonio inyectado en los seres humanos "no sería absorbido en alta concentración por un solo órgano como el hígado", escribió Bassett. Wright Langham y Samuel Bassett se guardaron sus temores sobre posibles daños hepáticos y otras consecuencias para la salud a largo plazo y, finalmente, los pacientes fueron dados de alta del hospital sin que nunca les hubieran dicho lo que les habían hecho. Durante el resto de sus vidas, los inyectados llevaban dentro de sus cuerpos el plutonio que habían recibido en la sala metabólica de Samuel Bassett. Algunas veces se ‘inventaban’ operaciones para biopsiar órganos internos de pacientes ‘supuestamente’ enfermos y controlar su depósito en los tejidos. La energia nuclear estuvo bien vista en aquel tiempo y por desgracia ahora tenemos otro renacimiento de su popularidad. En esa época se realizaban radiografías con fluoroscopios en las zapaterías especializadas en bebés y niños con desastrosos resultados a largo plazo. Era normal retirar la estática de los discos de vinilo con un cepillo que contenía polonio 210 o llevar un reloj de muñeca con pintura de radio. Todo el mundo apoyaba la radiación y sus oscuros secretos siguen hoy dia a buen recaudo, pero prosigamos. Algunas de las empresas mas importantes USA se involucraron en la carrera para producir la bomba atómica…Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation, Du Pont, Clinton Engineering Works, Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company, National Carbon Company, Speer Carbon Company, Chrysler, Eastman Kodak, Allis-Chalmers, General Electric, General Motors, Kellogg…lo que se conoció como Proyecto Manhattan. Curiosamente si buscan Proyecto Manhattan en la wikipedia observarán que ni uno solo de los nombres de empresas que citan autores como Manuel Sánchez Ron aparecen allí, ¿raro, verdad? Entre ellas estaba una fábrica química de la compañía Du Pont, la Nemours Company en Deepwater, Nueva Jersey…se dedicó a producir millones de libras de fluoruro para el proyecto Manhattan. La conexión entre la fluoración del agua que defendía el Dr. Hodge y la industria nuclear es clara. A la industria nuclear, al igual que a la del aluminio y a la de los fertilizantes le sobraban cientos de miles de toneladas de flúor y meterlo en la boca de los contribuyentes era una buena forma de deshacerse de dicho residuo. Dejaremos en la descripción del podcast un documental muy aclarador titulado “El Engaño Del Flúor”. En el Estado de Wisconsin, dos dentistas, Frank Bull y John Frisch, se organizaron para poner en marcha el siniestro movimiento de la fluoración. En aquel momento, el trust del aluminio pertenecía en secreto a la Casa Rockefeller; 25 años antes había pertenecido a Andrew Mellon de Pittsburgh; a su muerte, la Casa Rockefeller se apoderó discretamente de él, negando oficialmente cualquier relación con Alcoa a través de su agente de prensa; Sin embargo, el Manual de Industriales y el informe anual del Consejo de Relaciones Exteriores de Rockefeller informaban de que el yerno de Andrew Mellon, miembro de la Casa Rockefeller, era el propietario, junto con su esposa, de la empresa Alcoa. La Casa Rockefeller, posee con su esposa la mayor parte de los fondos de la Compañía de Aluminio. Para aumentar el control de Rockefeller en las reuniones del consejo de Alcoa, Donald K. David, testaferro del Instituto Rockefeller, fue nombrado uno de los directores. Los ingenieros de ventas de Rockefeller pronto descubrieron que si el fluoruro de sodio se podía vender por sólo 1,5 centavos de dólar la libra, se obtendrían unos beneficios de 15 millones de dólares al año. El anuncio de Cox fue acogido con entusiasmo. Los peces gordos del Rockefeller Center se pusieron inmediatamente manos a la obra para preparar una gran campaña de fluoración del agua potable de 16.750 municipios estadounidenses. La operación se puso en marcha hacia 1945. Justamente los técnicos de Alcoa trabajaron mano a mano con químicos del Instituto Mellon y otras multinacionales (Dow Chemical Company, Colgate, Kellog, DuPont) hasta conseguir lo que hoy día se conoce como “la mafia del flúor” (Stephen 1995). En 1944, Oscar Ewing se convirtió repentinamente en uno de los principales empleados de Alcoa. Unos meses más tarde, el Sr. Ewing fue nombrado administrador de la Agencia Federal de Seguridad, actual Departamento de Salud de los Estados Unidos. Ewing recibió 750.000 dólares por un motivo que nunca se reveló, incluso después de que el congresista Al. Miller, de Nebraska, reuniera los datos sobre la donación y presentará su informe al Congreso. El Servicio de Salud Pública de EE.UU., que había sido puesto bajo la jurisdicción de la Agencia Federal de Seguridad de Ewing por el Congreso, lanzó una campaña de promoción masiva en todo Estados Unidos. Bajo la administración de Ewing, se votaron presupuestos enormes, se dieron millones de dólares a colegas médicos y dentistas y, en 1951, pidió y obtuvo dos millones de dólares para promover la idea de la purificación del agua potable. Una de las primeras medidas adoptadas fue establecer una prueba en dos ciudades piloto, Newburgh y Kingston. El agua de Newburgh estaba fluorada, la de Kingston no. El Cuerpo Comisionado del Servicio de Salud Pública de Estados anunció que en 5 años examinarán los dientes de los escolares de las dos ciudades y que la fluoración habría reducido la caries en un 50%. Dado que se transporta en la sangre, el flúor debe encontrarse en todas las partes del cuerpo. Al igual que los huesos, los dientes contienen derivados del flúor. El esmalte dental está compuesto por un 3% de dentina y un 97% de una combinación salina muy íntima de fosfato cálcico, carbonato y flúor. En total, un hombre de 70 kg. contiene de 95 a 100 g. de fluoruro combinado, suministrado y repuesto por la dieta en una forma salina compleja que, en casos normales, garantiza su fijación y ausencia de efectos nocivos. Parte de la ingesta diaria se fija para construir y renovar los huesos y los dientes; la otra parte circula y se elimina en las heces y la orina. Debo mencionar de pasada que las industrias médica y conservera de alimentos utilizan desde hace tiempo fluoruros alcalinos y alcalinotérreos. Ambas saben perfectamente que son a la vez antisépticos potentes y tóxicos algo parecido a lo que pasa con el Bisfenol A de las botellas. Es increíble como habiendo más de 1300 artículos científicos sobre la alta toxicidad de los fluoruros todavía se permita su comercialización sin apenas controles y que se hable de las ventajas de añadirlo al agua y a todo tipo de cosas. Parece que no hemos aprendido nada de la historia de otras sustancias de las que también nos dijo la ciencia que eran seguras como el plomo en la gasolina, el amianto, el DDT, etc Poderoso caballero es don dinero y en este caso la población en general no ha sido advertida de los peligros del flúor ya que las supuestas ONGs y los grupos ecologistas están patrocinados por los mismos fabricantes de este veneno. ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ACCIDENTES Y ENVENENAMIENTOS POR FLUORURO El fluoruro, el ingrediente activo de muchos pesticidas y rodenticidas, es un veneno poderoso, más venenoso que el plomo . Debido a esto, la ingestión excesiva accidental de fluoruro puede causar síntomas tóxicos graves. Cada año hay miles de informes a los centros de control de intoxicaciones en los Estados Unidos relacionados con la ingestión excesiva de pastas dentales, enjuagues bucales y suplementos con flúor. Los accidentes de fluoración del agua , que provocan niveles excesivos de fluoruro en el agua, han sido una de las fuentes de intoxicación aguda por fluoruro . FLUORURO Y FLUOROSIS DENTAL La ingestión excesiva de flúor durante los primeros años de la infancia puede dañar las células formadoras de los dientes, provocando un defecto en el esmalte conocido como fluorosis dental . Los dientes afectados por fluorosis tienen una decoloración visible, que va desde manchas blancas hasta manchas marrones y negras . Según los Centros para el Control de Enfermedades , el 32% de los niños estadounidenses tienen actualmente algún tipo de fluorosis dental, y entre el 2 y el 4% de los niños padecen las etapas de moderada a grave (CDC 2005). Según el Dr. Hardy Limeback , Jefe de Odontología Preventiva de la Universidad de Toronto, "es ilógico suponer que el esmalte dental es el único tejido afectado por la ingestión de bajas dosis diarias de flúor. FLUORURO Y ALERGIA/HIPERSENSIBILIDAD Como lo reconoce Physicians' Desk Reference , algunas personas son alérgicas o hipersensibles al fluoruro. El ensayo clínico más grande, financiado por el gobierno, encontró que el 1% de las personas expuestas a 1 mg/día de fluoruro presentaban reacciones alérgicas/hipersensibles, incluidas reacciones cutáneas, malestar gástrico y dolor de cabeza FLUORURO Y LOS RIÑONES Los riñones desempeñan un papel vital en la prevención de la acumulación excesiva de fluoruro en el cuerpo. Entre las personas sanas, los riñones excretan aproximadamente el 50% de la ingesta diaria de fluoruro. Sin embargo, entre las personas con enfermedad renal, la capacidad de los riñones para excretar se ve notablemente afectada, lo que resulta en una acumulación de fluoruro en el cuerpo . Es bien sabido que las personas con enfermedad renal tienen una mayor susceptibilidad a los efectos tóxicos acumulativos del fluoruro. De particular preocupación es la posibilidad de que el fluoruro, cuando se acumula en el sistema esquelético, cause o exacerbe la osteodistrofia renal , una enfermedad ósea que se encuentra comúnmente entre personas con enfermedad renal avanzada. Además, se ha demostrado definitivamente que el fluoruro envenena la función renal en dosis altas durante exposiciones a corto plazo tanto en animales como en humanos. El impacto de dosis bajas de fluoruro, administradas durante largos períodos de tiempo, no se ha estudiado adecuadamente. Un estudio reciente en animales, realizado por científicos de la Agencia de Protección Ambiental de EE.UU. (Varner 1998), informó que la exposición a sólo 1 ppm de fluoruro causaba daño renal en ratas si bebían agua durante un período prolongado, mientras que un nuevo estudio realizado en China encontró una mayor tasa de enfermedad renal entre los seres humanos que consumían más de 2 ppm (Liu 2005). Por lo tanto, los efectos adversos para la función renal que causa el fluoruro en dosis altas durante períodos cortos de tiempo también pueden replicarse con dosis pequeñas si se consume durante períodos prolongados. FLUORURO Y EL CEREBRO La capacidad del fluoruro para dañar el cerebro representa una de las áreas de investigación más activas sobre la toxicidad del fluoruro en la actualidad. La preocupación por el impacto del fluoruro en el cerebro ha sido alimentada por 18 estudios en humanos (de China, México, India e Irán) que informaron déficits de coeficiente intelectual entre niños expuestos a un exceso de fluoruro, por 4 estudios en humanos que indican que el fluoruro puede entrar y dañar el feto cerebro; y por un número creciente de estudios en animales que encuentran daños al tejido cerebral (a niveles tan bajos como 1 ppm) y deterioro del aprendizaje y la memoria entre los grupos tratados con fluoruro. Según el Consejo Nacional de Investigación de EE.UU. , "es evidente que los fluoruros tienen la capacidad de interferir con las funciones del cerebro”. Los hallazgos de efectos neurológicos en humanos expuestos al flúor son coherentes con los resultados recientes de más de 40 estudios en animales publicados desde 1992, y se ven reforzados por ellos. Al igual que los estudios en humanos, los estudios en animales han informado de un deterioro en los procesos de aprendizaje y memoria entre los grupos tratados con flúor. 6) Los estudios en animales también han documentado pruebas considerables de los efectos tóxicos directos del flúor en el tejido cerebral, incluso a niveles tan bajos como 1 ppm de flúor en el agua (Varner 1998). Estos efectos incluyen: -- reducción de los receptores nicotínicos de acetilcolina; -- reducción del contenido lipídico; -- deterioro de los sistemas de defensa antioxidante; -- daños en el hipocampo; -- daños en las células purkinje; -- aumento de la captación de aluminio; -- formación de placas beta-amiloides (la clásica anomalía cerebral de la enfermedad de Alzheimer); -- Exacerbación de las lesiones inducidas por la deficiencia de yodo. -- acumulación de flúor en la glándula pineal. FLUORURO Y LA GLÁNDULA PINEAL En la década de 1990, se descubrió que la glándula pineal es un sitio importante de acumulación de fluoruro dentro del cuerpo , con concentraciones de fluoruro más altas que los dientes o los huesos. Estudios posteriores en animales indican que la acumulación de fluoruro en la glándula pineal puede reducir la síntesis de melatonina en la glándula , una hormona que ayuda a regular el inicio de la pubertad. Se descubrió que los animales tratados con fluoruro tenían niveles reducidos de melatonina circulante y un inicio más temprano de la pubertad que los animales no tratados. El científico que realizó la investigación concluyó: "La seguridad del uso de fluoruros se basa en última instancia en la suposición de que el órgano del esmalte en desarrollo es más sensible a los efectos tóxicos del fluoruro. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que los pinealocitos pueden ser tan susceptibles al fluoruro como el órgano del esmalte en desarrollo" ( Lucas 1997). El hecho de que el impacto del fluoruro en la glándula pineal nunca haya sido estudiado, ni siquiera considerado , antes de la década de 1990, pone de relieve una importante laguna en el conocimiento que sustenta las políticas actuales sobre el fluoruro y la salud. Según el Consejo Nacional de Investigación de EE. UU ., "cualquier agente que afecte la función pineal podría afectar la salud humana de diversas maneras, incluidos efectos sobre la maduración sexual, el metabolismo del calcio, la función paratiroidea, la osteoporosis posmenopáusica, el cáncer y las enfermedades psiquiátricas”. FLUORURO Y LA GLÁNDULA TIROIDES Según el Consejo Nacional de Investigación de EE. UU ., "varias líneas de información indican un efecto de la exposición al fluoruro sobre la función tiroidea", particularmente entre personas con deficiencia de yodo. El potencial del fluoruro para alterar la función tiroidea se ilustra más claramente por el hecho de que, hasta la década de 1970, los médicos europeos utilizaban el fluoruro como medicamento supresor de la tiroides en pacientes con hipertiroidismo (tiroides hiperactiva). Se utilizó fluoruro porque se encontró que era eficaz para reducir la actividad de la glándula tiroides , incluso en dosis tan bajas como 2 mg/día. Hoy en día, muchas personas que viven en comunidades fluoradas están ingiriendo dosis de fluoruro (1,6 a 6,6 mg/día) que se encuentran dentro del rango de dosis (2 a 10 mg/día) que alguna vez utilizaron los médicos para reducir la actividad tiroidea en pacientes con hipertiroidismo. Esto es particularmente preocupante considerando el problema generalizado del hipotiroidismo (tiroides poco activa) en los Estados Unidos. Los síntomas del hipotiroidismo incluyen obesidad, letargo, depresión y enfermedades cardíacas. FLUORURO Y ENFERMEDADES ÓSEAS Es bien sabido que la exposición excesiva al fluoruro causa una enfermedad ósea llamada fluorosis esquelética . La fluorosis esquelética, especialmente en sus primeras etapas , es una enfermedad difícil de diagnosticar y puede confundirse fácilmente con diversas formas de artritis , incluidas la osteoartritis y la artritis reumatoide . En sus etapas avanzadas, la fluorosis puede parecerse a una multitud de enfermedades de huesos y articulaciones. En personas con enfermedad renal, la exposición al fluoruro puede contribuir y/o exacerbar la osteodistrofia renal . FLUORURO Y FRACTURA ÓSEA La mayoría de los estudios en animales que investigan el efecto del fluoruro sobre la resistencia ósea han encontrado que el fluoruro no tiene ningún efecto o tiene un efecto negativo sobre la resistencia . Según el Consejo Nacional de Investigación de EE. UU. , "El peso de la evidencia indica que, aunque el fluoruro podría aumentar el volumen óseo, hay menos resistencia por unidad de volumen". Los estudios en poblaciones humanas que consumen fluoruro en el agua potable han encontrado una asociación entre la fluorosis dental y un aumento de las fracturas óseas en los niños ; y entre el consumo prolongado de agua fluorada y el aumento de fracturas de cadera en los ancianos. Ensayos clínicos en humanos cuidadosamente realizados , incluidos dos "ensayos doble ciego", han descubierto que el fluoruro (en dosis de 18 a 34 mg/día durante sólo 1 a 4 años) aumenta la tasa de fracturas óseas, particularmente de cadera, entre pacientes con osteoporosis. . FLUORURO Y CÁNCER Según el Programa Nacional de Toxicología, "la preponderancia de la evidencia" de estudios de laboratorio 'in vitro' indica que el fluoruro es un compuesto mutagénico . Muchas sustancias que causan daños mutagénicos también causan cáncer. Si bien las concentraciones de fluoruro que causan daño mutagénico en estudios de laboratorio son más altas que las concentraciones encontradas en la sangre humana, existen ciertos "microambientes" en el cuerpo (por ejemplo, los huesos y la vejiga ) donde las concentraciones de fluoruro pueden acumularse a niveles comparables a, o en exceso de aquellos que causan efectos mutagénicos en el laboratorio. Se ha descubierto que el fluoruro causa cáncer de huesos (osteosarcoma) en estudios gubernamentales con animales y se ha descubierto que las tasas de osteosarcoma entre los hombres jóvenes que viven en áreas fluoradas son más altas que las de los hombres jóvenes que viven en áreas no fluoradas. El osteosarcoma, aunque poco común, es un cáncer muy grave. Los niños que desarrollan osteosarcoma enfrentan una alta probabilidad de muerte (generalmente dentro de los 3 años) o amputación. La exposición al fluoruro también se ha relacionado con el cáncer de vejiga , particularmente entre los trabajadores expuestos al exceso de fluoruro en el lugar de trabajo. Según el Consejo Nacional de Investigación de EE. UU., "se deben realizar más investigaciones sobre el posible efecto del fluoruro en el riesgo de cáncer de vejiga”. FLUORURO Y EL TRACTO GASTROINTESTINAL Entre personas hipersensibles al flúor , se han producido dolencias gastrointestinales tras la ingestión de comprimidos de 1 mg de flúor o el consumo de 1 ppm de agua fluorada. En ensayos clínicos cuidadosamente controlados , se ha descubierto que una sola ingestión de tan solo 3 mg de fluoruro produce daños en la mucosa gástrica en voluntarios adultos sanos. Nunca se ha realizado ninguna investigación en la mucosa gástrica para determinar el efecto de dosis más bajas con exposición repetida. FLUORURO Y CARIES (Caries) Según el consenso actual de la comunidad de investigación dental, el beneficio principal, si no el único, del fluoruro para los dientes proviene de la aplicación TÓPICA en la superficie exterior de los dientes, no de la ingestión . Por lo tanto, tal vez no sea sorprendente que las tasas de caries hayan disminuido a tasas similares en todos los países occidentales en la segunda mitad del siglo XX, independientemente de si el país fluora o no su agua . Hoy en día, las tasas de caries en toda Europa occidental continental son tan bajas como las tasas de caries en los Estados Unidos, a pesar de una profunda disparidad en la prevalencia de la fluoración del agua en las dos regiones. En los países que fluoran el agua, estudios recientes a gran escala sobre salud dental (utilizando métodos científicos modernos no utilizados en los primeros estudios de los años 1930 y 1950) han encontrado pocas diferencias en la caries , incluida la "caries del biberón" , entre las aguas fluoradas. y comunidades no fluoradas. ………………………………………………………………………………………. Conozcamos algunos datos del proyecto Manhattan. El Proyecto Manhattan fue un proyecto de investigación y desarrollo llevado a cabo durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial entre los años 1942 y 1946 que produjo las primeras armas nucleares, liderado por los Estados Unidos con el apoyo del Reino Unido y de Canadá. El Proyecto Manhattan comenzó de forma modesta, creciendo progresivamente hasta tener más de 130 000 empleados y alcanzar un coste de casi 2000 millones de dólares de la época, unos 70.000 millones en la actualidad. Más del 90 % del presupuesto se destinó a la construcción de fábricas y a la producción de materiales fisibles, con menos del 10 % destinado al desarrollo y producción de armas. La investigación y producción tuvieron lugar en más de 30 lugares por todos los Estados Unidos, Reino Unido y Canadá. En junio de 1944 el Proyecto Manhattan tenía alrededor de 129 000 trabajadores empleados, de los que 84500 eran trabajadores de la construcción, 40500 eran operadores de planta y 1800 eran personal militar. Como al final diseñaron una bomba con U-235, el material que se utiliza en los reactores comerciales y que solo es el 0,7% de todo el uranio se tuvo que separar dicho uranio de los otros radioisótopos que no eran necesarios como el el U-238 que es al que se le denomina uranio empobrecido. De cada gramo de uranio natural el 99,284 % de la masa es uranio-238, el 0,711 % uranio-235,2 y el 0,0085 % uranio-234. Separar el U-235 del U-238 fue una tarea titánica en aquella época y se utilizaron tres métodos principales ya que la centrifugación supuso un gran desafío técnico por la complejidad de los rodamientos y ejes necesarios para separar los radioisótopos de uranio. El proceso requería altas velocidades de rotación, pero a su paso por determinadas velocidades se creaban vibraciones armónicas que podían romper la maquinaria. Por ello, era necesario obtener una rápida aceleración para superar estas velocidades. producir un kilo de uranio-235 por día precisaría de hasta 50000 centrifugados con rotores de 1 metro, o 10000 centrifugados con rotores de 4 metros, asumiendo que fuera posible construir estos últimos. Por eso se recurrió al uso de calutrones, la termoforesis y la difusión gaseosa. Los calderones son una especie de imanes gigantes que separaban los dos tipos de radioisótopos calentando el uranio e ionizándolo para luego recogerlo por electromagnetismo en dos zonas diferenciadas. Debido a la escasez de cobre durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, los electroimanes fueron hechos con miles de toneladas de plata prestadas por el Departamento del Tesoro de los Estados Unidos. La termoforesis (también denominada termomigración, termodifusión, efecto Soret, o efecto Ludwig-Soret) es un fenómeno observado en mezclas de partículas móviles, cuando diferentes tipos de partículas exhiben distintas respuestas ante la presencia de un gradiente térmico. Esta técnica no es practica para trabajar a gran escala y apenas fue empleada pasando a realizarse la separación de isótopos de uranio por difusión gaseosa o lo que es lo mismo mediante el uso de centrifugadoras. La difusión gaseosa fue una de las varias tecnologías para la separación de isótopos de uranio desarrolladas por parte del Proyecto Manhattan para producir uranio enriquecido forzando que el hexafluoruro de uranio (único compuesto del uranio gaseoso) atraviese membranas semi-permeables. Esto produce una ligerísima separación entre las moléculas que contienen uranio-235 y uranio-238. Mediante el uso de una gran cascada de muchos pasos, se pueden conseguir grandes separaciones. Los edificios de proceso construidos para albergar estas máquinas en cascada fueron en su momento los más grandes jamás construidos, hablamos de 600 etapas en una larga estructura en forma de U de 800 metros de longitud, que contenía 54 edificios contiguos. La preparación de la materia a tratar, el hexafluoruro de uranio (conocido en el mercado como hex ) fue la primera aplicación para el fluoruro producida comercialmente, y los problemas generados por el manejo tanto del fluoruro como del hex como gases corrosivos fueron significativos. El proyecto Manhattan se llama así porque la oficina que escogió el jefe de ingenieros militar se ubico en el 18.º del 270 Broadway en Nueva York. Además estaba cerca de la oficina en Manhattan de Stone & Webster, el principal contratista del proyecto…así que se quedó con ese nombre. El mando militar corrió a cargo del general Groves y el mando científico ya saben de J. Robert Oppenheimer, apodado el padre de la bomba. En 1944 se adquirió 560 000 kg de mineral de óxido de uranio a compañías que explotaban minas en el Congo Belga. Para poder evitar informar al Secretario del Tesoro estadounidense Henry Morgenthau Jr. sobre el proyecto, utilizaron una cuenta bancaria especial no sujeta a las habituales auditorías y controles por los que tenían que pasar este tipo de fondos. Entre 1944 y el momento en el que dimitió del Fondo en 1947, Groves depositó un total de 37,5 millones de dólares en la cuenta del Fondo. La minería de uranio en Colorado producía alrededor de unas 700 toneladas de uranio al año. Realmente utilizaron los tres procesos encadenados, primero producían uranio enriquecido del 0,71 % hasta el 0,89 % en la planta S-50 de termoforesis que pasó a ser la primera etapa. Este material se usaba en el proceso de difusión gaseosa en la planta K-25, produciendo un producto enriquecido hasta un 23 % que a su vez alimentaba a la planta Y-12 con los calutrones, llegando allí hasta al 89 %, lo suficiente para las armas nucleares. Decir que la planta con los calutrones estuvo en un principio siendo operada por científicos de Berkeley para eliminar fallos y conseguir un índice operacional razonable. Pero fueron finalmente sustituidos por operadoras formadas por Tennessee Eastman (la Kodak) que solo habían recibido una educación secundaria. Cuando compararon los datos vieron que las lugareñas producían mucho mas uranio que los doctorados. A fecha de julio de 1945 se habían entregado alrededor de unos 50 kg de uranio enriquecido hasta un 89 % de uranio-235 en Los Álamos. Estos 50 kg al completo, junto con uranio adicional enriquecido al 50 %, dio un promedio resultante de uranio enriquecido al 85 %, que fueron utilizados en la bomba Little Boy. O sea unos 100kg de U235 al 85%. El uranio natural se compone principalmente de uranio-238 (U-238), que no es fisible, y uranio-235 (U-235), que es fisible. Para producir 100 kg de U-235 enriquecido al 85%, primero debemos determinar la cantidad de uranio natural requerida y luego calcular la cantidad de UF6 necesaria para alcanzar ese enriquecimiento. La relación entre el peso atómico del U-235 y el U-238 es aproximadamente 0.72. Por lo tanto, necesitamos 14.285 kg de uranio normal para obtener 100 kg de uranio enriquecido al 100% y 12.142 kg para que este solo al 85%. En 12 gramos de uranio normal hay 3*10²³ átomos y en todos esos kilos hay una cifra enorme aproximada de 3 x 10^25 átomos de uranio. El UF6 se utiliza para enriquecer uranio, y en el proceso, se convierte todo el uranio (tanto el U-235 como el U-238) en UF6. Por lo tanto, necesitamos 6 átomos de flúor por uno de uranio, o sea 18 x 10^25 átomos de flúor. Lo que equivale a unas 50 toneladas de flúor de las que nunca mas se supo. ………………………………………………………………………………………. Invitados: …. Dra Yane #JusticiaParaUTP Médico y Buscadora de la verdad. Con Dios siempre! No permito q me dividan c/izq -derecha, raza, religión ni nada de la Creación. https://youtu.be/TXEEZUYd4c0 …. UTP Ramón Valero @tecn_preocupado Un técnico Preocupado un FP2 IVOOX UTP http://cutt.ly/dzhhGrf BLOG http://cutt.ly/dzhh2LX CANALES TELEGRAM Promocional donde hacemos los directos https://t.me/UnTecnicoPreocupado Abierto para comentarios https://t.me/MiVidaMiOxigeno Ayúdame desde mi Crowfunding aquí https://cutt.ly/W0DsPVq ………………………………………………………………………………………. Enlaces citados en el podcast: !LA LECHE¡ FLÚOR EN LA LECHE https://tecnicopreocupado.com/2014/10/03/la-leche-fluor-en-la-leche/ Compañias proyecto Manhattan en el libro “Descubrimientos: Innovación y tecnología siglos XX y XXI” De José Manuel Sánchez Ron https://books.google.es/books?id=qt-hIQrbNSkC&pg=PA108&lpg=PA108&dq=compa%C3%B1ias+proyecto+Manhattan+General+Electric&source=bl&ots=TEYYZZR26s&sig=vIiRUxpH4XqtJ-3u0caXw56K7Fs&hl=es&sa=X&ei=3kQdVKz3DpKd7gaisoD4Cw&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=compa%C3%B1ias%20proyecto%20Manhattan%20General%20Electric&f=false LA CONSPIRACIÓN DEL FLUORURO https://detenganlavacuna.wordpress.com/2011/03/10/conspiracion-fluor/ Nexo entre la industria nuclear y la peste del siglo xxi: El cáncer https://www.burbuja.info/inmobiliaria/threads/n-exo-entre-la-industria-nuclear-y-la-peste-del-siglo-xxi-el-cancer.356104/# Las empresas del amianto y el encubrimiento empresarial https://www.lawsuit-information-center.com/asbestos-corporate-cover-up.html Dust diseases and the legacy of corporate manipulation of science and law https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4090870/ Harold Hodge https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Hodge Roholm, Kaj. "Intoxicación por flúor: un estudio clínico e higiénico, con revisión de la literatura y algunas investigaciones experimentales". 1937. https://archive.org/details/FluorineIntoxication/mode/2up The Plutonium Files: America's Secret Medical Experiments in the Cold War https://web.archive.org/web/20110810032922/http://www.fluoridealert.org/p-files.htm “The Plutonium Files”. Las filtraciones de los experimentos médicos del Proyecto Manhattan https://kurioso.es/2011/01/17/%E2%80%9Cthe-plutonium-files%E2%80%9D-las-filtraciones-de-los-experimentos-medicos-del-proyecto-manhattan/ Pres. Clinton's Remarks on Human Radiation Experiments (1995) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StId27Dmx78 Luis Hempelmann https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Hempelmann Artículos científicos sobre el uso inadecuado de fluoroscopios para medir el tamaño del pie a niños y bebes https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18139719/ Radiation Exposures from the Use of Shoe-Fitting Fluoroscopes https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM194909012410903 Diez protagonistas para entender el ‘caso Alcoa’ https://www.laopinioncoruna.es/economia/2021/03/07/diez-protagonistas-entender-caso-alcoa-39193998.html ¿QUIERES SEGUIR FUMANDO? PUES NO LEAS ESTO https://tecnicopreocupado.com/2014/09/20/quieres-seguir-fumando-pues-no-leas-esto/ ¿QUIERES SEGUIR FUMANDO? PUES NO LEAS ESTO SEGUNDA PARTE https://tecnicopreocupado.com/2014/09/21/quieres-seguir-fumando-pues-no-leas-esto-segunda-parte/ ¿QUIERES SEGUIR FUMANDO? PUES NO LEAS ESTO TERCERA PARTE https://tecnicopreocupado.com/2014/09/22/quieres-seguir-fumando-pues-no-leas-esto-tercera-parte/ 23 NUEVO desORDEN MUNDIAL (El FLUOR es MATARRATAS ) (Lista de aguas fluoradas) https://www.ivoox.com/23-nuevo-desorden-mundial-el-fluor-es-matarratas-audios-mp3_rf_2998013_1.html BIOTERRORISMO; MEDICAMENTOS Y VACUNAS https://nuevodesordenmundial.com/?page_id=105 SAL YODADA, LO QUE NADIE TE CONTO https://tecnicopreocupado.com/2014/12/15/sal-yodada-lo-que-nadie-te-conto/ AGUA Y OTROS VENENOS COTIDIANOS Y CÓMO EVITARLOS (articulo en blog) https://tecnicopreocupado.com/2019/12/16/venenos-cotidianos-y-como-evitarlos/ UTP76 Agua y otros venenos cotidianos (audio en Ivoox) https://www.ivoox.com/utp76-agua-otros-venenos-cotidianos-audios-mp3_rf_45571703_1.html TODO LO QUE TIENES QUE SABER PARA EMPEZAR LA GUERRA CONTRA LA GEOINGENIERÍA (lluvia de peces) https://tecnicopreocupado.com/2022/12/22/todo-lo-que-tienes-que-saber-para-empezar-la-guerra-contra-la-geoingenieria/ UTP 44 Los piratas somalies y los depósitos radiactivos que provocaban cáncer https://www.ivoox.com/utp-44-los-piratas-somalies-depositos-audios-mp3_rf_32634697_1.html El Engaño Del Flúor (video documental sobre el libro del mismo nombre) https://archive.org/details/el-engano-del-fluor Papers sobre daños del flúor https://web.archive.org/web/20120325012242/http://www.fluoridationfacts.com/science/papers/papers_index.htm CUATRO ESTUDIOS QUE DEMUESTRAN QUE AGREGAR FLUORURO AL AGUA POTABLE PONE EN PELIGRO INNECESARIAMENTE EL CEREBRO DE LOS NIÑOS https://fluoridealert.org/articles/four-studies/ LUKE (2001): DEPOSICIÓN DE FLUORURO EN LA GLÁNDULA PINEAL HUMANA ENVEJECIDA https://fluoridealert.org/studies/luke-2001/ Estudio sobre el flúor en España citado por la Dra Yane https://twitter.com/ayec98_2/status/1719392296842510633 Articles of Interest - Fluoride & the Brain: FAN's Translation Project: Chinese Research on Fluoride's Neurotoxicity https://fluoridealert.org/researchers/translations/complete_archive/ Pagina en web archive por si se pierde https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/chinese/index.html New Evidence on Fluoride & the Developing Brain - FAN, January 17, 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://fluoridealert.org/2007research/01.html Excerpts from NRC Report - FAN, March 28, 2006 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://fluoridealert.org/health/epa/nrc/excerpts.html Yet more research on fluoride and the brain - FAN Science Watch June 25, 2004 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/health/news/12.html Fluoride's effects on the brain - Ellen Connett, Director, Fluoride Action Network Pesticide Project, April 19, 2004 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/nrc.brain.april.2004.htm Fluoride Linked to Low IQ, Studies Show - Fluoride Action Network August 25, 2003 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/news/1655.html In Harm's Way: Toxic Threats to Child Development Greater Boston Physicians for Social Responsibility May 2000 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/health/brain/psr.html On the Neurotoxicity of Fluoride Phyllis Mullenix, Ph.D., September 14, 1998 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/pmullenix.htm Fluoride & The Brain: An Interview with Dr. Phyllis Mullenix Interview by Paul Connett, PhD, October 18, 1997 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/mullenix-interview.htm Fluoride & the Pineal Gland IFIN Bulletin, March 2001 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/IFIN-269.htm Rat Studies Link Brain Cell Damage With Aluminum and Fluoride in Water Wall Street Journal October 28, 1992 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/wsj-isaacson.htm Available Full-Text Papers Online - Fluoride & the Brain: (back to top) FAN's Translation Project: Chinese Research on Fluoride's Neurotoxicity https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/chinese/index.html FULL-TEXT (pdf): Xiang Q, et al. (2003). Effect of fluoride in drinking water on children's intelligence. Fluoride 36: 84-94. https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://fluoride-journal.com/03-36-2/362-084.pdf FULL-TEXT (pdf): Lu Y, et al (2000). Effect of high-fluoride water on intelligence of children. Fluoride 33:74-78. https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoride-journal.com/00-33-2/332-74.pdf FULL-TEXT (pdf): Varner JA, et al. (1998). Chronic administration of aluminum-fluoride and sodium-fluoride to rats in drinking water: alterations in neuronal and cerebrovascular integrity. Brain Research 784: 284-298. https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/health/brain/varner-1998.pdf FULL-TEXT (pdf): Mullenix P, et al. (1995).Neurotoxicity of sodium fluoride in rats. Neurotoxicology and Teratology 17:169-177. https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/health/brain/mullenix1995.pdf FULL-TEXT (html): Lin Fa-Fu; et al (1991). The relationship of a low-iodine and high-fluoride environment to subclinical cretinism in Xinjiang. Iodine Deficiency Disorder Newsletter Vol. 7. No. 3. (August). https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/health/brain/idd.html 1300 artículos sobre toxicidad de los fluoruros publicados en PUBMED https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Fluorides%2Ftoxicity%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc Proyecto Manhattan https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proyecto_Manhattan Valor del proyecto https://fxtop.com/es/calculadora-de-inflacion.php?A=2000000000&C1=USD&INDICE=USCPI31011913&DD1=01&MM1=01&YYYY1=1942&DD2=30&MM2=10&YYYY2=2023&btnOK=Calcular+equivalente ……………………………………………………………….. Música utilizada en este podcast: Tema inicial Heros ……………………………………………………………….. Epílogo Alonso del Rio - Abrete Corazon https://youtu.be/mOOuivbwijY?feature=shared
Bienvenidos a un nuevo directo en Telegram. Hoy vamos a hablarles del flúor, ese elemento químico amarillo que siendo muy corrosivo, tóxico y altamente reactivo, es capaz de combinarse químicamente con casi todo, nos lo metemos en la boca por “nuestro bien». Los textos que utilizaré provienen del libro “Dossier Flúor” del dr Jean-Marc Brunet y de “The fluoride deception” de Christopher Bryson más algunas adaptaciones libres y artículos escritos por mi en el pasado ya que conocía de los peligros del flúor desde hace más de 20 años. Decirles que mi hija que tiene 18 años jamás ha utilizado pasta de dientes con flúor y tiene una excelente salud dental. El flúor constituye el núcleo elemental de algunas de las mayores fortunas que el mundo ha visto jamás, la riqueza casi inimaginable de los Mellons de Pittsburgh y los Du Ponts de Delaware. Y no es de extrañar que la advertencia en el tubo de pasta de dientes sea tan dramática. La misma potente sustancia química que se utiliza para enriquecer uranio para armas nucleares, para preparar el gas nervioso Sarín y para arrancar acero y aluminio fundidos del mineral de la tierra es la que damos a nuestros hijos a primera hora de la mañana y a última de la noche, con sabor a menta, fresa o chicle. El flúor es una sustancia química tan poderosa que se ha convertido en la savia de la industria moderna, bombeada a toda máquina cada día a través de innumerables fábricas, refinerías y molinos. El fluoruro se utiliza para producir gasolina de alto octanaje; para fundir metales clave como el aluminio, el acero y el berilio; para enriquecer uranio; para fabricar placas de circuitos informáticos, pesticidas, cera para esquís, gases refrigerantes, plástico de teflón, sartenes, alfombras, ropa impermeable, vidrio grabado, ladrillos y cerámica, y numerosos medicamentos, como Prozac y Cipro. “Crea el problema y luego vendeles la solución» frase que bien podría haber dicho Bernays, el mas famoso creador de opinión del siglo XX que también contribuyo a promocionar el flúor. En el libro de Chrystopher Bryson “El engaño del Flúor” nos muestra correspondencia entre el publicitario y el NIDR (Instituto nacional de investigación dental) para que este hiciera campaña a favor de la fluoración. ¿Conocen ese lema que dice “los expertos recomiendan”? Pues es de Bernays. Pero eso ya fue en los 60 y todo esto empezó tras la gran depresión del 1929, cuando las grandes multinacionales no sabían que hacer con sus productos por la gran caída de la demanda. Entre ellos el azúcar. Gerald Judy Cox, químico que participó en la causa de la caries y su “solución». El sr Cox, desarrollo las patentes para transformar la caña de azúcar y el azúcar común sin refinar (que terminaba pudriéndose) en algunos de los productos azucarados que conocemos hoy día. Por si no lo sabían son los ácidos que quedan encima de los dientes tras la transformación del azúcar por las bacterias lo que provoca la caries. Pues este señor que ayudó a que el azúcar terminase empleándose de forma masiva en todo tipo de productos, chicles incluidos, terminó siendo uno de los mayores defensores del uso del flúor para evitar dicha caries, ¿curioso no? Pero veamos dónde empezó todo. Durante la gran depresión, algunas empresas, sobre todo la Aluminum Company of America ALCOA, se enfrentaban a un espinoso problema. Uno de los compuestos naturales del aluminio es la criolita. La criolita es una roca que contiene aluminio, flúor y sodio. Su fórmula química es: Na3AlF6 Por tanto, la criolita contiene tres átomos de sodio, uno de aluminio y seis de flúor en su molécula. Cuando queremos aislar el aluminio, obtenemos como residuo una sal, el fluoruro de sodio. Se trata de una sustancia altamente tóxica que no se encuentra en la naturaleza en su estado puro sino en combinaciones menos peligrosas. El fluoruro de sodio es, por tanto, una sustancia química artificial. Al ser tan tóxico, su comercio esta limitado. Se utiliza en la fabricación de veneno para ratas, como agente blanqueador, como coagulante del caucho, como fijador de tintes, etc. Estos usos del fluoruro de sodio eran ampliamente insuficientes. Se acumulaban enormes reservas de este veneno, sobre todo porque las autoridades gubernamentales impedían a las empresas verterlo en los ríos porque los peces tienen la mala costumbre de morirse después. Como no vendían suficiente y no podían deshacerse de él fácilmente, tuvieron que buscar otra salida para el fluoruro de sodio. Como es habitual en la industria, el problema se remitió a una organización especializada en encontrar soluciones. El Instituto Mellon de Pittsburgh recibió el encargo de encontrar una solución al problema del fluoruro de sodio. El Instituto Mellon, fundado en 1911 por Andrew y Richard Mellon, es un laboratorio de ciencia aplicada abierto a todos los empresarios estadounidenses. Cuando un industrial o fabricante tiene un problema, acude al Instituto y contrata a un científico durante un año. El trabajo del científico consistía en mejorar el producto o encontrarle un nuevo mercado. El Instituto Mellon está actualmente siendo demandado por su defensa acérrima del amianto. El bioquímico Gerald J. Cox del que hablamos antes recibió el encargo de estudiar la delicada cuestión del fluoruro de sodio. Los peligros de esta sustancia química se conocían desde hacía tiempo. Ya en 1920, dos organismos gubernamentales, la Oficina de Minas y el Departamento de Agricultura, expresaban su preocupación por la contaminación por fluoruro. Mientras tanto, sin embargo, el Servicio de Salud Pública de EE.UU. permanecía en silencio. Hacia la década de 1930, el Servicio de Salud Pública pasó a depender del Departamento del Tesoro. De 1921 a 1933, el Secretario de este Departamento no fue otro que el Sr. Andrew W. Mellon, cofundador del Instituto Mellon, acaudalado financiero de Pittsburgh y miembro de una de las familias más ricas y poderosas de Estados Unidos. La familia Mellon posee y controla, entre otros, el Mellon National Bank, Gulf Oil, Koppers Corp. y la Aluminum Company of America. Antes de ocupar el cargo de Secretario del Tesoro, Andrew Mellon fue Presidente de la Aluminum Company. Fue uno de los más feroces opositores a la campaña contra la contaminación por flúor, ya que la Aluminum Co. era la principal contaminadora en este ámbito. En 1931, dos químicos de la Aluminum Co. descubrieron la causa de las horribles manchas marrones que casi todos los habitantes de Bauxite, Arkansas, tenían en los dientes. El agente responsable era el flúor, presente de forma natural en el agua de la ciudad dada la presencia de una industria minera del mineral del aluminio, la bauxita, que termino dando el nombre al pueblo. El Servicio de Salud Pública también se interesó por la fluorosis dental. En 1933, un miembro del personal, el dentista H. Trendley Dean, fue enviado a estudiar los distintos lugares del país donde la población presentaba este tipo de manchas en los dientes. El objetivo era averiguar qué proporción de flúor era necesaria para provocar tales trastornos. El Sr. Dean descubrió que incluso concentraciones mínimas provocaban las manchas en determinados individuos. Llegó a la conclusión de que con una concentración de una parte por millón, ya el 10-20% de la población presentaba esas manchas. Mientras tanto, el bioquímico Gerald J. Cox, que refinó el azúcar para luego curar las caries que esta provocaba, seguía trabajando para encontrar una solución al problema del flúor. En 1939, publicó su informe de investigación: "...Hay que replantearse la opinión predominante", escribió, "de que el agua debe estar completamente libre de fluoruros...". Sugirió añadir fluoruro sódico al agua potable para prevenir la caries dental. La sugerencia de Cox fue recibida con gran cautela por los funcionarios de salud pública. Incluso el dentista Dean del Servicio de Salud Pública, que dijo haber notado una reducción de la caries dental en lugares donde había mucha fluorosis, expresó sus reservas sobre la teoría de Cox. Todo el mundo era consciente de la falta de pruebas sobre los beneficios de los fluoruros en la dentición humana. Por otro lado, estaba claro que los fluoruros eran venenos extremadamente peligrosos como demostró el médico y científico danés Kaj Roholm en 1937. Y aqui entra el primer presidente de la Sociedad de Toxicología, el Dr Harold Hodge, elegido para encabezar la División de Farmacología y Toxicología de la Comisión de Energía Atómica de los Estados Unidos (AEC) y firme defensor de la fluoración del agua. Pocos saben que el Dr. Hodge, el principal investigador de flúor del país que formó a una generación de decanos de facultades de odontología en los años cincuenta y sesenta, fue el toxicólogo jefe en tiempos de guerra del Proyecto Manhattan. Allí ayudó a coreografiar los tristemente célebres experimentos de radiación en humanos, en los que se inyectaba plutonio y uranio a pacientes hospitalizados -sin su conocimiento o consentimiento- para estudiar la toxicidad de esas sustancias químicas en humanos. Hodge también se encargó de estudiar la toxicidad del flúor. La construcción de la primera bomba atómica del mundo había requerido cantidades ingentes de fluoruro. Así que, por ejemplo, en nombre de los fabricantes de bombas, supervisó de forma encubierta uno de los primeros experimentos de fluoración del agua pública del país. Mientras se decía a los ciudadanos de Newburgh, Nueva York, que el flúor reduciría las caries en sus hijos, en secreto se tomaban muestras de sangre y tejidos de los residentes que eran enviadas a su laboratorio atómico para su estudio. La Universidad de los estudios clasificados de fluoruro de Rochester – cuyo nombre en código es Programa F – se llevaron a cabo en el Proyecto de Energía Atómica (AEP), una instalación de alto secreto financiado por la AEC (La Comisión de Energía Atómica de los Estados Unidos) y alojados en el Strong Memorial Hospital. Se produjo allí uno de los experimentos de radiación más notorios en humanos durante la Guerra Fría, en el que los pacientes hospitalarios confiados fueron inyectados con dosis tóxicas de plutonio radiactivo. La revelación de este experimento por cuenta de la periodista Welsome Eileenen la convirtió en ganadora del premio Pulitzer tras escribir “Los archivos del plutonio: Los experimentos médicos secretos de Estados Unidos en la Guerra Fría”. Llevó a una investigación presidencial de los EE.UU en 1995, y un pago en efectivo de varios millones de dólares para las víctimas. El Programa F no trataba de mejorar la salud de los dientes de los niños. Surgió directamente de litigios contra el programa de la bomba y su principal objetivo era proporcionar munición científica que el gobierno y sus contratistas nucleares podrían utilizar para derrotar a las demandas por lesiones personales. El protocolo para las inyecciones de plutonio, que fue escrito por Wright Langham y no se hizo público hasta 1995, reveló que el experimento fue el resultado de la reunión de Rochester, así como de "numerosas conversaciones con el Coronel Warren, el Coronel Friedell y el Dr. LH". Hempelmann. Curiosamente el dr Hempelmann se casó con Elinor Pulitzer la nieta del editor de periódicos Joseph Pulitzer cuyo nombre llevan los “prestigiosos” entre comillas premios periodísticos. A cada paciente se le asignaron las iniciales "HP" seguidas de un número. Según un documento, "HP" significaba Human product "producto humano". Los médicos buscaban pacientes que tuvieran un metabolismo relativamente normal. Según el plan provisional, el grupo decidió que a cada paciente se le inyectaría un promedio de cinco microgramos, o cinco millonésimas de gramo de plutonio. Aunque la dosis prevista era cinco microgramos, la cantidad real de plutonio inyectada a los pacientes varió de 4,6 a 6,5 microgramos. La dosis de radiación acumulada recibida por cada paciente dependía de dos factores: la cantidad de material radiactivo inyectado en el cuerpo y cuánto tiempo vivían los sujetos. Cuanto más vivían los pacientes, mayor era su dosis acumulada. Antes de que comenzaran las inyecciones en humanos, a tres ratas se les inyectó en las venas de la cola la misma solución de plutonio que Langham y Bassett planeaban administrar a los pacientes. Sólo un pequeño porcentaje del plutonio fue a parar a los hígados de los roedores, lo que hizo que los dos científicos tuvieran más confianza en que el plutonio inyectado en los seres humanos "no sería absorbido en alta concentración por un solo órgano como el hígado", escribió Bassett. Wright Langham y Samuel Bassett se guardaron sus temores sobre posibles daños hepáticos y otras consecuencias para la salud a largo plazo y, finalmente, los pacientes fueron dados de alta del hospital sin que nunca les hubieran dicho lo que les habían hecho. Durante el resto de sus vidas, los inyectados llevaban dentro de sus cuerpos el plutonio que habían recibido en la sala metabólica de Samuel Bassett. Algunas veces se ‘inventaban’ operaciones para biopsiar órganos internos de pacientes ‘supuestamente’ enfermos y controlar su depósito en los tejidos. La energia nuclear estuvo bien vista en aquel tiempo y por desgracia ahora tenemos otro renacimiento de su popularidad. En esa época se realizaban radiografías con fluoroscopios en las zapaterías especializadas en bebés y niños con desastrosos resultados a largo plazo. Era normal retirar la estática de los discos de vinilo con un cepillo que contenía polonio 210 o llevar un reloj de muñeca con pintura de radio. Todo el mundo apoyaba la radiación y sus oscuros secretos siguen hoy dia a buen recaudo, pero prosigamos. Algunas de las empresas mas importantes USA se involucraron en la carrera para producir la bomba atómica…Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation, Du Pont, Clinton Engineering Works, Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company, National Carbon Company, Speer Carbon Company, Chrysler, Eastman Kodak, Allis-Chalmers, General Electric, General Motors, Kellogg…lo que se conoció como Proyecto Manhattan. Curiosamente si buscan Proyecto Manhattan en la wikipedia observarán que ni uno solo de los nombres de empresas que citan autores como Manuel Sánchez Ron aparecen allí, ¿raro, verdad? Entre ellas estaba una fábrica química de la compañía Du Pont, la Nemours Company en Deepwater, Nueva Jersey…se dedicó a producir millones de libras de fluoruro para el proyecto Manhattan. La conexión entre la fluoración del agua que defendía el Dr. Hodge y la industria nuclear es clara. A la industria nuclear, al igual que a la del aluminio y a la de los fertilizantes le sobraban cientos de miles de toneladas de flúor y meterlo en la boca de los contribuyentes era una buena forma de deshacerse de dicho residuo. Dejaremos en la descripción del podcast un documental muy aclarador titulado “El Engaño Del Flúor”. En el Estado de Wisconsin, dos dentistas, Frank Bull y John Frisch, se organizaron para poner en marcha el siniestro movimiento de la fluoración. En aquel momento, el trust del aluminio pertenecía en secreto a la Casa Rockefeller; 25 años antes había pertenecido a Andrew Mellon de Pittsburgh; a su muerte, la Casa Rockefeller se apoderó discretamente de él, negando oficialmente cualquier relación con Alcoa a través de su agente de prensa; Sin embargo, el Manual de Industriales y el informe anual del Consejo de Relaciones Exteriores de Rockefeller informaban de que el yerno de Andrew Mellon, miembro de la Casa Rockefeller, era el propietario, junto con su esposa, de la empresa Alcoa. La Casa Rockefeller, posee con su esposa la mayor parte de los fondos de la Compañía de Aluminio. Para aumentar el control de Rockefeller en las reuniones del consejo de Alcoa, Donald K. David, testaferro del Instituto Rockefeller, fue nombrado uno de los directores. Los ingenieros de ventas de Rockefeller pronto descubrieron que si el fluoruro de sodio se podía vender por sólo 1,5 centavos de dólar la libra, se obtendrían unos beneficios de 15 millones de dólares al año. El anuncio de Cox fue acogido con entusiasmo. Los peces gordos del Rockefeller Center se pusieron inmediatamente manos a la obra para preparar una gran campaña de fluoración del agua potable de 16.750 municipios estadounidenses. La operación se puso en marcha hacia 1945. Justamente los técnicos de Alcoa trabajaron mano a mano con químicos del Instituto Mellon y otras multinacionales (Dow Chemical Company, Colgate, Kellog, DuPont) hasta conseguir lo que hoy día se conoce como “la mafia del flúor” (Stephen 1995). En 1944, Oscar Ewing se convirtió repentinamente en uno de los principales empleados de Alcoa. Unos meses más tarde, el Sr. Ewing fue nombrado administrador de la Agencia Federal de Seguridad, actual Departamento de Salud de los Estados Unidos. Ewing recibió 750.000 dólares por un motivo que nunca se reveló, incluso después de que el congresista Al. Miller, de Nebraska, reuniera los datos sobre la donación y presentará su informe al Congreso. El Servicio de Salud Pública de EE.UU., que había sido puesto bajo la jurisdicción de la Agencia Federal de Seguridad de Ewing por el Congreso, lanzó una campaña de promoción masiva en todo Estados Unidos. Bajo la administración de Ewing, se votaron presupuestos enormes, se dieron millones de dólares a colegas médicos y dentistas y, en 1951, pidió y obtuvo dos millones de dólares para promover la idea de la purificación del agua potable. Una de las primeras medidas adoptadas fue establecer una prueba en dos ciudades piloto, Newburgh y Kingston. El agua de Newburgh estaba fluorada, la de Kingston no. El Cuerpo Comisionado del Servicio de Salud Pública de Estados anunció que en 5 años examinarán los dientes de los escolares de las dos ciudades y que la fluoración habría reducido la caries en un 50%. Dado que se transporta en la sangre, el flúor debe encontrarse en todas las partes del cuerpo. Al igual que los huesos, los dientes contienen derivados del flúor. El esmalte dental está compuesto por un 3% de dentina y un 97% de una combinación salina muy íntima de fosfato cálcico, carbonato y flúor. En total, un hombre de 70 kg. contiene de 95 a 100 g. de fluoruro combinado, suministrado y repuesto por la dieta en una forma salina compleja que, en casos normales, garantiza su fijación y ausencia de efectos nocivos. Parte de la ingesta diaria se fija para construir y renovar los huesos y los dientes; la otra parte circula y se elimina en las heces y la orina. Debo mencionar de pasada que las industrias médica y conservera de alimentos utilizan desde hace tiempo fluoruros alcalinos y alcalinotérreos. Ambas saben perfectamente que son a la vez antisépticos potentes y tóxicos algo parecido a lo que pasa con el Bisfenol A de las botellas. Es increíble como habiendo más de 1300 artículos científicos sobre la alta toxicidad de los fluoruros todavía se permita su comercialización sin apenas controles y que se hable de las ventajas de añadirlo al agua y a todo tipo de cosas. Parece que no hemos aprendido nada de la historia de otras sustancias de las que también nos dijo la ciencia que eran seguras como el plomo en la gasolina, el amianto, el DDT, etc Poderoso caballero es don dinero y en este caso la población en general no ha sido advertida de los peligros del flúor ya que las supuestas ONGs y los grupos ecologistas están patrocinados por los mismos fabricantes de este veneno. ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ACCIDENTES Y ENVENENAMIENTOS POR FLUORURO El fluoruro, el ingrediente activo de muchos pesticidas y rodenticidas, es un veneno poderoso, más venenoso que el plomo . Debido a esto, la ingestión excesiva accidental de fluoruro puede causar síntomas tóxicos graves. Cada año hay miles de informes a los centros de control de intoxicaciones en los Estados Unidos relacionados con la ingestión excesiva de pastas dentales, enjuagues bucales y suplementos con flúor. Los accidentes de fluoración del agua , que provocan niveles excesivos de fluoruro en el agua, han sido una de las fuentes de intoxicación aguda por fluoruro . FLUORURO Y FLUOROSIS DENTAL La ingestión excesiva de flúor durante los primeros años de la infancia puede dañar las células formadoras de los dientes, provocando un defecto en el esmalte conocido como fluorosis dental . Los dientes afectados por fluorosis tienen una decoloración visible, que va desde manchas blancas hasta manchas marrones y negras . Según los Centros para el Control de Enfermedades , el 32% de los niños estadounidenses tienen actualmente algún tipo de fluorosis dental, y entre el 2 y el 4% de los niños padecen las etapas de moderada a grave (CDC 2005). Según el Dr. Hardy Limeback , Jefe de Odontología Preventiva de la Universidad de Toronto, "es ilógico suponer que el esmalte dental es el único tejido afectado por la ingestión de bajas dosis diarias de flúor. FLUORURO Y ALERGIA/HIPERSENSIBILIDAD Como lo reconoce Physicians' Desk Reference , algunas personas son alérgicas o hipersensibles al fluoruro. El ensayo clínico más grande, financiado por el gobierno, encontró que el 1% de las personas expuestas a 1 mg/día de fluoruro presentaban reacciones alérgicas/hipersensibles, incluidas reacciones cutáneas, malestar gástrico y dolor de cabeza FLUORURO Y LOS RIÑONES Los riñones desempeñan un papel vital en la prevención de la acumulación excesiva de fluoruro en el cuerpo. Entre las personas sanas, los riñones excretan aproximadamente el 50% de la ingesta diaria de fluoruro. Sin embargo, entre las personas con enfermedad renal, la capacidad de los riñones para excretar se ve notablemente afectada, lo que resulta en una acumulación de fluoruro en el cuerpo . Es bien sabido que las personas con enfermedad renal tienen una mayor susceptibilidad a los efectos tóxicos acumulativos del fluoruro. De particular preocupación es la posibilidad de que el fluoruro, cuando se acumula en el sistema esquelético, cause o exacerbe la osteodistrofia renal , una enfermedad ósea que se encuentra comúnmente entre personas con enfermedad renal avanzada. Además, se ha demostrado definitivamente que el fluoruro envenena la función renal en dosis altas durante exposiciones a corto plazo tanto en animales como en humanos. El impacto de dosis bajas de fluoruro, administradas durante largos períodos de tiempo, no se ha estudiado adecuadamente. Un estudio reciente en animales, realizado por científicos de la Agencia de Protección Ambiental de EE.UU. (Varner 1998), informó que la exposición a sólo 1 ppm de fluoruro causaba daño renal en ratas si bebían agua durante un período prolongado, mientras que un nuevo estudio realizado en China encontró una mayor tasa de enfermedad renal entre los seres humanos que consumían más de 2 ppm (Liu 2005). Por lo tanto, los efectos adversos para la función renal que causa el fluoruro en dosis altas durante períodos cortos de tiempo también pueden replicarse con dosis pequeñas si se consume durante períodos prolongados. FLUORURO Y EL CEREBRO La capacidad del fluoruro para dañar el cerebro representa una de las áreas de investigación más activas sobre la toxicidad del fluoruro en la actualidad. La preocupación por el impacto del fluoruro en el cerebro ha sido alimentada por 18 estudios en humanos (de China, México, India e Irán) que informaron déficits de coeficiente intelectual entre niños expuestos a un exceso de fluoruro, por 4 estudios en humanos que indican que el fluoruro puede entrar y dañar el feto cerebro; y por un número creciente de estudios en animales que encuentran daños al tejido cerebral (a niveles tan bajos como 1 ppm) y deterioro del aprendizaje y la memoria entre los grupos tratados con fluoruro. Según el Consejo Nacional de Investigación de EE.UU. , "es evidente que los fluoruros tienen la capacidad de interferir con las funciones del cerebro”. Los hallazgos de efectos neurológicos en humanos expuestos al flúor son coherentes con los resultados recientes de más de 40 estudios en animales publicados desde 1992, y se ven reforzados por ellos. Al igual que los estudios en humanos, los estudios en animales han informado de un deterioro en los procesos de aprendizaje y memoria entre los grupos tratados con flúor. 6) Los estudios en animales también han documentado pruebas considerables de los efectos tóxicos directos del flúor en el tejido cerebral, incluso a niveles tan bajos como 1 ppm de flúor en el agua (Varner 1998). Estos efectos incluyen: -- reducción de los receptores nicotínicos de acetilcolina; -- reducción del contenido lipídico; -- deterioro de los sistemas de defensa antioxidante; -- daños en el hipocampo; -- daños en las células purkinje; -- aumento de la captación de aluminio; -- formación de placas beta-amiloides (la clásica anomalía cerebral de la enfermedad de Alzheimer); -- Exacerbación de las lesiones inducidas por la deficiencia de yodo. -- acumulación de flúor en la glándula pineal. FLUORURO Y LA GLÁNDULA PINEAL En la década de 1990, se descubrió que la glándula pineal es un sitio importante de acumulación de fluoruro dentro del cuerpo , con concentraciones de fluoruro más altas que los dientes o los huesos. Estudios posteriores en animales indican que la acumulación de fluoruro en la glándula pineal puede reducir la síntesis de melatonina en la glándula , una hormona que ayuda a regular el inicio de la pubertad. Se descubrió que los animales tratados con fluoruro tenían niveles reducidos de melatonina circulante y un inicio más temprano de la pubertad que los animales no tratados. El científico que realizó la investigación concluyó: "La seguridad del uso de fluoruros se basa en última instancia en la suposición de que el órgano del esmalte en desarrollo es más sensible a los efectos tóxicos del fluoruro. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que los pinealocitos pueden ser tan susceptibles al fluoruro como el órgano del esmalte en desarrollo" ( Lucas 1997). El hecho de que el impacto del fluoruro en la glándula pineal nunca haya sido estudiado, ni siquiera considerado , antes de la década de 1990, pone de relieve una importante laguna en el conocimiento que sustenta las políticas actuales sobre el fluoruro y la salud. Según el Consejo Nacional de Investigación de EE. UU ., "cualquier agente que afecte la función pineal podría afectar la salud humana de diversas maneras, incluidos efectos sobre la maduración sexual, el metabolismo del calcio, la función paratiroidea, la osteoporosis posmenopáusica, el cáncer y las enfermedades psiquiátricas”. FLUORURO Y LA GLÁNDULA TIROIDES Según el Consejo Nacional de Investigación de EE. UU ., "varias líneas de información indican un efecto de la exposición al fluoruro sobre la función tiroidea", particularmente entre personas con deficiencia de yodo. El potencial del fluoruro para alterar la función tiroidea se ilustra más claramente por el hecho de que, hasta la década de 1970, los médicos europeos utilizaban el fluoruro como medicamento supresor de la tiroides en pacientes con hipertiroidismo (tiroides hiperactiva). Se utilizó fluoruro porque se encontró que era eficaz para reducir la actividad de la glándula tiroides , incluso en dosis tan bajas como 2 mg/día. Hoy en día, muchas personas que viven en comunidades fluoradas están ingiriendo dosis de fluoruro (1,6 a 6,6 mg/día) que se encuentran dentro del rango de dosis (2 a 10 mg/día) que alguna vez utilizaron los médicos para reducir la actividad tiroidea en pacientes con hipertiroidismo. Esto es particularmente preocupante considerando el problema generalizado del hipotiroidismo (tiroides poco activa) en los Estados Unidos. Los síntomas del hipotiroidismo incluyen obesidad, letargo, depresión y enfermedades cardíacas. FLUORURO Y ENFERMEDADES ÓSEAS Es bien sabido que la exposición excesiva al fluoruro causa una enfermedad ósea llamada fluorosis esquelética . La fluorosis esquelética, especialmente en sus primeras etapas , es una enfermedad difícil de diagnosticar y puede confundirse fácilmente con diversas formas de artritis , incluidas la osteoartritis y la artritis reumatoide . En sus etapas avanzadas, la fluorosis puede parecerse a una multitud de enfermedades de huesos y articulaciones. En personas con enfermedad renal, la exposición al fluoruro puede contribuir y/o exacerbar la osteodistrofia renal . FLUORURO Y FRACTURA ÓSEA La mayoría de los estudios en animales que investigan el efecto del fluoruro sobre la resistencia ósea han encontrado que el fluoruro no tiene ningún efecto o tiene un efecto negativo sobre la resistencia . Según el Consejo Nacional de Investigación de EE. UU. , "El peso de la evidencia indica que, aunque el fluoruro podría aumentar el volumen óseo, hay menos resistencia por unidad de volumen". Los estudios en poblaciones humanas que consumen fluoruro en el agua potable han encontrado una asociación entre la fluorosis dental y un aumento de las fracturas óseas en los niños ; y entre el consumo prolongado de agua fluorada y el aumento de fracturas de cadera en los ancianos. Ensayos clínicos en humanos cuidadosamente realizados , incluidos dos "ensayos doble ciego", han descubierto que el fluoruro (en dosis de 18 a 34 mg/día durante sólo 1 a 4 años) aumenta la tasa de fracturas óseas, particularmente de cadera, entre pacientes con osteoporosis. . FLUORURO Y CÁNCER Según el Programa Nacional de Toxicología, "la preponderancia de la evidencia" de estudios de laboratorio 'in vitro' indica que el fluoruro es un compuesto mutagénico . Muchas sustancias que causan daños mutagénicos también causan cáncer. Si bien las concentraciones de fluoruro que causan daño mutagénico en estudios de laboratorio son más altas que las concentraciones encontradas en la sangre humana, existen ciertos "microambientes" en el cuerpo (por ejemplo, los huesos y la vejiga ) donde las concentraciones de fluoruro pueden acumularse a niveles comparables a, o en exceso de aquellos que causan efectos mutagénicos en el laboratorio. Se ha descubierto que el fluoruro causa cáncer de huesos (osteosarcoma) en estudios gubernamentales con animales y se ha descubierto que las tasas de osteosarcoma entre los hombres jóvenes que viven en áreas fluoradas son más altas que las de los hombres jóvenes que viven en áreas no fluoradas. El osteosarcoma, aunque poco común, es un cáncer muy grave. Los niños que desarrollan osteosarcoma enfrentan una alta probabilidad de muerte (generalmente dentro de los 3 años) o amputación. La exposición al fluoruro también se ha relacionado con el cáncer de vejiga , particularmente entre los trabajadores expuestos al exceso de fluoruro en el lugar de trabajo. Según el Consejo Nacional de Investigación de EE. UU., "se deben realizar más investigaciones sobre el posible efecto del fluoruro en el riesgo de cáncer de vejiga”. FLUORURO Y EL TRACTO GASTROINTESTINAL Entre personas hipersensibles al flúor , se han producido dolencias gastrointestinales tras la ingestión de comprimidos de 1 mg de flúor o el consumo de 1 ppm de agua fluorada. En ensayos clínicos cuidadosamente controlados , se ha descubierto que una sola ingestión de tan solo 3 mg de fluoruro produce daños en la mucosa gástrica en voluntarios adultos sanos. Nunca se ha realizado ninguna investigación en la mucosa gástrica para determinar el efecto de dosis más bajas con exposición repetida. FLUORURO Y CARIES (Caries) Según el consenso actual de la comunidad de investigación dental, el beneficio principal, si no el único, del fluoruro para los dientes proviene de la aplicación TÓPICA en la superficie exterior de los dientes, no de la ingestión . Por lo tanto, tal vez no sea sorprendente que las tasas de caries hayan disminuido a tasas similares en todos los países occidentales en la segunda mitad del siglo XX, independientemente de si el país fluora o no su agua . Hoy en día, las tasas de caries en toda Europa occidental continental son tan bajas como las tasas de caries en los Estados Unidos, a pesar de una profunda disparidad en la prevalencia de la fluoración del agua en las dos regiones. En los países que fluoran el agua, estudios recientes a gran escala sobre salud dental (utilizando métodos científicos modernos no utilizados en los primeros estudios de los años 1930 y 1950) han encontrado pocas diferencias en la caries , incluida la "caries del biberón" , entre las aguas fluoradas. y comunidades no fluoradas. ………………………………………………………………………………………. Conozcamos algunos datos del proyecto Manhattan. El Proyecto Manhattan fue un proyecto de investigación y desarrollo llevado a cabo durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial entre los años 1942 y 1946 que produjo las primeras armas nucleares, liderado por los Estados Unidos con el apoyo del Reino Unido y de Canadá. El Proyecto Manhattan comenzó de forma modesta, creciendo progresivamente hasta tener más de 130 000 empleados y alcanzar un coste de casi 2000 millones de dólares de la época, unos 70.000 millones en la actualidad. Más del 90 % del presupuesto se destinó a la construcción de fábricas y a la producción de materiales fisibles, con menos del 10 % destinado al desarrollo y producción de armas. La investigación y producción tuvieron lugar en más de 30 lugares por todos los Estados Unidos, Reino Unido y Canadá. En junio de 1944 el Proyecto Manhattan tenía alrededor de 129 000 trabajadores empleados, de los que 84500 eran trabajadores de la construcción, 40500 eran operadores de planta y 1800 eran personal militar. Como al final diseñaron una bomba con U-235, el material que se utiliza en los reactores comerciales y que solo es el 0,7% de todo el uranio se tuvo que separar dicho uranio de los otros radioisótopos que no eran necesarios como el el U-238 que es al que se le denomina uranio empobrecido. De cada gramo de uranio natural el 99,284 % de la masa es uranio-238, el 0,711 % uranio-235,2 y el 0,0085 % uranio-234. Separar el U-235 del U-238 fue una tarea titánica en aquella época y se utilizaron tres métodos principales ya que la centrifugación supuso un gran desafío técnico por la complejidad de los rodamientos y ejes necesarios para separar los radioisótopos de uranio. El proceso requería altas velocidades de rotación, pero a su paso por determinadas velocidades se creaban vibraciones armónicas que podían romper la maquinaria. Por ello, era necesario obtener una rápida aceleración para superar estas velocidades. producir un kilo de uranio-235 por día precisaría de hasta 50000 centrifugados con rotores de 1 metro, o 10000 centrifugados con rotores de 4 metros, asumiendo que fuera posible construir estos últimos. Por eso se recurrió al uso de calutrones, la termoforesis y la difusión gaseosa. Los calderones son una especie de imanes gigantes que separaban los dos tipos de radioisótopos calentando el uranio e ionizándolo para luego recogerlo por electromagnetismo en dos zonas diferenciadas. Debido a la escasez de cobre durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, los electroimanes fueron hechos con miles de toneladas de plata prestadas por el Departamento del Tesoro de los Estados Unidos. La termoforesis (también denominada termomigración, termodifusión, efecto Soret, o efecto Ludwig-Soret) es un fenómeno observado en mezclas de partículas móviles, cuando diferentes tipos de partículas exhiben distintas respuestas ante la presencia de un gradiente térmico. Esta técnica no es practica para trabajar a gran escala y apenas fue empleada pasando a realizarse la separación de isótopos de uranio por difusión gaseosa o lo que es lo mismo mediante el uso de centrifugadoras. La difusión gaseosa fue una de las varias tecnologías para la separación de isótopos de uranio desarrolladas por parte del Proyecto Manhattan para producir uranio enriquecido forzando que el hexafluoruro de uranio (único compuesto del uranio gaseoso) atraviese membranas semi-permeables. Esto produce una ligerísima separación entre las moléculas que contienen uranio-235 y uranio-238. Mediante el uso de una gran cascada de muchos pasos, se pueden conseguir grandes separaciones. Los edificios de proceso construidos para albergar estas máquinas en cascada fueron en su momento los más grandes jamás construidos, hablamos de 600 etapas en una larga estructura en forma de U de 800 metros de longitud, que contenía 54 edificios contiguos. La preparación de la materia a tratar, el hexafluoruro de uranio (conocido en el mercado como hex ) fue la primera aplicación para el fluoruro producida comercialmente, y los problemas generados por el manejo tanto del fluoruro como del hex como gases corrosivos fueron significativos. El proyecto Manhattan se llama así porque la oficina que escogió el jefe de ingenieros militar se ubico en el 18.º del 270 Broadway en Nueva York. Además estaba cerca de la oficina en Manhattan de Stone & Webster, el principal contratista del proyecto…así que se quedó con ese nombre. El mando militar corrió a cargo del general Groves y el mando científico ya saben de J. Robert Oppenheimer, apodado el padre de la bomba. En 1944 se adquirió 560 000 kg de mineral de óxido de uranio a compañías que explotaban minas en el Congo Belga. Para poder evitar informar al Secretario del Tesoro estadounidense Henry Morgenthau Jr. sobre el proyecto, utilizaron una cuenta bancaria especial no sujeta a las habituales auditorías y controles por los que tenían que pasar este tipo de fondos. Entre 1944 y el momento en el que dimitió del Fondo en 1947, Groves depositó un total de 37,5 millones de dólares en la cuenta del Fondo. La minería de uranio en Colorado producía alrededor de unas 700 toneladas de uranio al año. Realmente utilizaron los tres procesos encadenados, primero producían uranio enriquecido del 0,71 % hasta el 0,89 % en la planta S-50 de termoforesis que pasó a ser la primera etapa. Este material se usaba en el proceso de difusión gaseosa en la planta K-25, produciendo un producto enriquecido hasta un 23 % que a su vez alimentaba a la planta Y-12 con los calutrones, llegando allí hasta al 89 %, lo suficiente para las armas nucleares. Decir que la planta con los calutrones estuvo en un principio siendo operada por científicos de Berkeley para eliminar fallos y conseguir un índice operacional razonable. Pero fueron finalmente sustituidos por operadoras formadas por Tennessee Eastman (la Kodak) que solo habían recibido una educación secundaria. Cuando compararon los datos vieron que las lugareñas producían mucho mas uranio que los doctorados. A fecha de julio de 1945 se habían entregado alrededor de unos 50 kg de uranio enriquecido hasta un 89 % de uranio-235 en Los Álamos. Estos 50 kg al completo, junto con uranio adicional enriquecido al 50 %, dio un promedio resultante de uranio enriquecido al 85 %, que fueron utilizados en la bomba Little Boy. O sea unos 100kg de U235 al 85%. El uranio natural se compone principalmente de uranio-238 (U-238), que no es fisible, y uranio-235 (U-235), que es fisible. Para producir 100 kg de U-235 enriquecido al 85%, primero debemos determinar la cantidad de uranio natural requerida y luego calcular la cantidad de UF6 necesaria para alcanzar ese enriquecimiento. La relación entre el peso atómico del U-235 y el U-238 es aproximadamente 0.72. Por lo tanto, necesitamos 14.285 kg de uranio normal para obtener 100 kg de uranio enriquecido al 100% y 12.142 kg para que este solo al 85%. En 12 gramos de uranio normal hay 3*10²³ átomos y en todos esos kilos hay una cifra enorme aproximada de 3 x 10^25 átomos de uranio. El UF6 se utiliza para enriquecer uranio, y en el proceso, se convierte todo el uranio (tanto el U-235 como el U-238) en UF6. Por lo tanto, necesitamos 6 átomos de flúor por uno de uranio, o sea 18 x 10^25 átomos de flúor. Lo que equivale a unas 50 toneladas de flúor de las que nunca mas se supo. ………………………………………………………………………………………. Invitados: …. Dra Yane #JusticiaParaUTP Médico y Buscadora de la verdad. Con Dios siempre! No permito q me dividan c/izq -derecha, raza, religión ni nada de la Creación. https://youtu.be/TXEEZUYd4c0 …. UTP Ramón Valero @tecn_preocupado Un técnico Preocupado un FP2 IVOOX UTP http://cutt.ly/dzhhGrf BLOG http://cutt.ly/dzhh2LX CANALES TELEGRAM Promocional donde hacemos los directos https://t.me/UnTecnicoPreocupado Abierto para comentarios https://t.me/MiVidaMiOxigeno Ayúdame desde mi Crowfunding aquí https://cutt.ly/W0DsPVq ………………………………………………………………………………………. Enlaces citados en el podcast: !LA LECHE¡ FLÚOR EN LA LECHE https://tecnicopreocupado.com/2014/10/03/la-leche-fluor-en-la-leche/ Compañias proyecto Manhattan en el libro “Descubrimientos: Innovación y tecnología siglos XX y XXI” De José Manuel Sánchez Ron https://books.google.es/books?id=qt-hIQrbNSkC&pg=PA108&lpg=PA108&dq=compa%C3%B1ias+proyecto+Manhattan+General+Electric&source=bl&ots=TEYYZZR26s&sig=vIiRUxpH4XqtJ-3u0caXw56K7Fs&hl=es&sa=X&ei=3kQdVKz3DpKd7gaisoD4Cw&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=compa%C3%B1ias%20proyecto%20Manhattan%20General%20Electric&f=false LA CONSPIRACIÓN DEL FLUORURO https://detenganlavacuna.wordpress.com/2011/03/10/conspiracion-fluor/ Nexo entre la industria nuclear y la peste del siglo xxi: El cáncer https://www.burbuja.info/inmobiliaria/threads/n-exo-entre-la-industria-nuclear-y-la-peste-del-siglo-xxi-el-cancer.356104/# Las empresas del amianto y el encubrimiento empresarial https://www.lawsuit-information-center.com/asbestos-corporate-cover-up.html Dust diseases and the legacy of corporate manipulation of science and law https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4090870/ Harold Hodge https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Hodge Roholm, Kaj. "Intoxicación por flúor: un estudio clínico e higiénico, con revisión de la literatura y algunas investigaciones experimentales". 1937. https://archive.org/details/FluorineIntoxication/mode/2up The Plutonium Files: America's Secret Medical Experiments in the Cold War https://web.archive.org/web/20110810032922/http://www.fluoridealert.org/p-files.htm “The Plutonium Files”. Las filtraciones de los experimentos médicos del Proyecto Manhattan https://kurioso.es/2011/01/17/%E2%80%9Cthe-plutonium-files%E2%80%9D-las-filtraciones-de-los-experimentos-medicos-del-proyecto-manhattan/ Pres. Clinton's Remarks on Human Radiation Experiments (1995) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StId27Dmx78 Luis Hempelmann https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Hempelmann Artículos científicos sobre el uso inadecuado de fluoroscopios para medir el tamaño del pie a niños y bebes https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18139719/ Radiation Exposures from the Use of Shoe-Fitting Fluoroscopes https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM194909012410903 Diez protagonistas para entender el ‘caso Alcoa’ https://www.laopinioncoruna.es/economia/2021/03/07/diez-protagonistas-entender-caso-alcoa-39193998.html ¿QUIERES SEGUIR FUMANDO? PUES NO LEAS ESTO https://tecnicopreocupado.com/2014/09/20/quieres-seguir-fumando-pues-no-leas-esto/ ¿QUIERES SEGUIR FUMANDO? PUES NO LEAS ESTO SEGUNDA PARTE https://tecnicopreocupado.com/2014/09/21/quieres-seguir-fumando-pues-no-leas-esto-segunda-parte/ ¿QUIERES SEGUIR FUMANDO? PUES NO LEAS ESTO TERCERA PARTE https://tecnicopreocupado.com/2014/09/22/quieres-seguir-fumando-pues-no-leas-esto-tercera-parte/ 23 NUEVO desORDEN MUNDIAL (El FLUOR es MATARRATAS ) (Lista de aguas fluoradas) https://www.ivoox.com/23-nuevo-desorden-mundial-el-fluor-es-matarratas-audios-mp3_rf_2998013_1.html BIOTERRORISMO; MEDICAMENTOS Y VACUNAS https://nuevodesordenmundial.com/?page_id=105 SAL YODADA, LO QUE NADIE TE CONTO https://tecnicopreocupado.com/2014/12/15/sal-yodada-lo-que-nadie-te-conto/ AGUA Y OTROS VENENOS COTIDIANOS Y CÓMO EVITARLOS (articulo en blog) https://tecnicopreocupado.com/2019/12/16/venenos-cotidianos-y-como-evitarlos/ UTP76 Agua y otros venenos cotidianos (audio en Ivoox) https://www.ivoox.com/utp76-agua-otros-venenos-cotidianos-audios-mp3_rf_45571703_1.html TODO LO QUE TIENES QUE SABER PARA EMPEZAR LA GUERRA CONTRA LA GEOINGENIERÍA (lluvia de peces) https://tecnicopreocupado.com/2022/12/22/todo-lo-que-tienes-que-saber-para-empezar-la-guerra-contra-la-geoingenieria/ UTP 44 Los piratas somalies y los depósitos radiactivos que provocaban cáncer https://www.ivoox.com/utp-44-los-piratas-somalies-depositos-audios-mp3_rf_32634697_1.html El Engaño Del Flúor (video documental sobre el libro del mismo nombre) https://archive.org/details/el-engano-del-fluor Papers sobre daños del flúor https://web.archive.org/web/20120325012242/http://www.fluoridationfacts.com/science/papers/papers_index.htm CUATRO ESTUDIOS QUE DEMUESTRAN QUE AGREGAR FLUORURO AL AGUA POTABLE PONE EN PELIGRO INNECESARIAMENTE EL CEREBRO DE LOS NIÑOS https://fluoridealert.org/articles/four-studies/ LUKE (2001): DEPOSICIÓN DE FLUORURO EN LA GLÁNDULA PINEAL HUMANA ENVEJECIDA https://fluoridealert.org/studies/luke-2001/ Estudio sobre el flúor en España citado por la Dra Yane https://twitter.com/ayec98_2/status/1719392296842510633 Articles of Interest - Fluoride & the Brain: FAN's Translation Project: Chinese Research on Fluoride's Neurotoxicity https://fluoridealert.org/researchers/translations/complete_archive/ Pagina en web archive por si se pierde https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/chinese/index.html New Evidence on Fluoride & the Developing Brain - FAN, January 17, 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://fluoridealert.org/2007research/01.html Excerpts from NRC Report - FAN, March 28, 2006 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://fluoridealert.org/health/epa/nrc/excerpts.html Yet more research on fluoride and the brain - FAN Science Watch June 25, 2004 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/health/news/12.html Fluoride's effects on the brain - Ellen Connett, Director, Fluoride Action Network Pesticide Project, April 19, 2004 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/nrc.brain.april.2004.htm Fluoride Linked to Low IQ, Studies Show - Fluoride Action Network August 25, 2003 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/news/1655.html In Harm's Way: Toxic Threats to Child Development Greater Boston Physicians for Social Responsibility May 2000 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/health/brain/psr.html On the Neurotoxicity of Fluoride Phyllis Mullenix, Ph.D., September 14, 1998 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/pmullenix.htm Fluoride & The Brain: An Interview with Dr. Phyllis Mullenix Interview by Paul Connett, PhD, October 18, 1997 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/mullenix-interview.htm Fluoride & the Pineal Gland IFIN Bulletin, March 2001 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/IFIN-269.htm Rat Studies Link Brain Cell Damage With Aluminum and Fluoride in Water Wall Street Journal October 28, 1992 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/wsj-isaacson.htm Available Full-Text Papers Online - Fluoride & the Brain: (back to top) FAN's Translation Project: Chinese Research on Fluoride's Neurotoxicity https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/chinese/index.html FULL-TEXT (pdf): Xiang Q, et al. (2003). Effect of fluoride in drinking water on children's intelligence. Fluoride 36: 84-94. https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://fluoride-journal.com/03-36-2/362-084.pdf FULL-TEXT (pdf): Lu Y, et al (2000). Effect of high-fluoride water on intelligence of children. Fluoride 33:74-78. https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoride-journal.com/00-33-2/332-74.pdf FULL-TEXT (pdf): Varner JA, et al. (1998). Chronic administration of aluminum-fluoride and sodium-fluoride to rats in drinking water: alterations in neuronal and cerebrovascular integrity. Brain Research 784: 284-298. https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/health/brain/varner-1998.pdf FULL-TEXT (pdf): Mullenix P, et al. (1995).Neurotoxicity of sodium fluoride in rats. Neurotoxicology and Teratology 17:169-177. https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/health/brain/mullenix1995.pdf FULL-TEXT (html): Lin Fa-Fu; et al (1991). The relationship of a low-iodine and high-fluoride environment to subclinical cretinism in Xinjiang. Iodine Deficiency Disorder Newsletter Vol. 7. No. 3. (August). https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/health/brain/idd.html 1300 artículos sobre toxicidad de los fluoruros publicados en PUBMED https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Fluorides%2Ftoxicity%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc Proyecto Manhattan https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proyecto_Manhattan Valor del proyecto https://fxtop.com/es/calculadora-de-inflacion.php?A=2000000000&C1=USD&INDICE=USCPI31011913&DD1=01&MM1=01&YYYY1=1942&DD2=30&MM2=10&YYYY2=2023&btnOK=Calcular+equivalente ……………………………………………………………….. Música utilizada en este podcast: Tema inicial Heros DERRIBOS ARIAS - a fluor https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bjOFFIM6dnM Radioactive (Spanish Cover) - Dani Ride https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nkxyd6WSu48 Rescate - El Veneno (Sinfónico) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0PLrFIb402o El Otro Yo - Caries https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OdWLWpiDUEA La Mare - Sal, Arena y Mar https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3W7J_FMCsU ……………………………………………………………….. Epílogo Alonso del Rio - Abrete Corazon https://youtu.be/mOOuivbwijY?feature=shared
What do you get when you combine the newsboys strike of 1899 with a villainously portrayed Joseph Pulitzer and lengthy dance numbers? Apparently the 1992 Disney musical movie Newsies! Apologies for our bad accents, but to be fair, the ones in the movie are worse. Check us out on social media: Merch: https://www.teepublic.com/stores/teach-me-communism?ref_id=10068 Instagram: @teachmecommunism Twitter: @teachcommunism Gmail: teachmecommunism@gmail.com Patreon: Patreon.com/teachmecommunism And like and subscribe to us at Teach Me Communism on YouTube! Solidarity forever!
This is TRT World's Daily News Brief for Monday, May 8th. *) Russia launches large-scale strikes across Ukraine Russia has launched a large-scale wave of strikes across Ukraine, injuring at least five people in Kiev and setting ablaze a foodstuff warehouse in the Black Sea city of Odessa. The fresh attacks come as Moscow prepares for its Victory Day, which marks the anniversary of its defeat of Nazi Germany. In his campaign against Ukraine, President Vladimir Putin has evoked the spirit of the Soviet defeat of Nazi forces, alleging that Kiev is in the grip of a new incarnation of Nazism. *) Car-ramming incident kills seven in US In United States' Texas, at least seven pedestrians have been killed and several others injured when an SUV mowed down people near a homeless shelter for migrants. Some migrants were among the dead in the incident in Brownsville, a city on the border with Mexico, according to local police. It was not clear if the driver had crashed into the group intentionally or lost control of the vehicle. He was taken into custody and charged with reckless driving. *) PKK supporters attack Turkish election observers Supporters of the PKK terrorist organisation have attacked election observers in the Netherlands as voting in Türkiye's presidential and parliamentary elections took place. Part of a bigger group, PKK supporters assaulted ballot box observers of the People's Alliance as polls were closing at the RAI Amsterdam Convention Centre. Police intervened against the attackers, who shouted slogans in favour of the PKK, and maintained security in the area until the votes were counted and sealed. *) Israel demolishes EU-funded Palestinian school Israeli army forces have demolished a European Union-funded Palestinian school in the occupied West Bank for lack of a building permit, according to a local official. The al Tahadi school, which housed over 60 students, was located in the Oslo Accords-described Area C of the occupied West Bank that is under Israeli army control. Israel widely uses the pretext of a lack of construction permits to demolish Palestinian homes, especially in Area C. The EU slammed Israel over the demolition, saying: Demolitions are illegal under international law, and children's right to education must be respected. And finally… *) Pulitzer Prize day honours journalism's best work The Pulitzer Prizes will be awarded today to honour outstanding journalism from 2022, as well as arts categories focused on books, music and theater. The winners will be announced during a livestream beginning at 1900GMT. The public service prize winner receives a gold medal. All other winners receive 15,000 dollars. The prizes were established in the will of newspaper publisher Joseph Pulitzer and first awarded in 1917. And that's your daily news brief from TRT World. For more, head to trtworld.com
Elizabeth Jane Cochran aka Nellie Bly was a trailblazer and one hell of an influential woman! She agreed to feign insanity way back in 1887 when she was only 23 years old, to investigate the conditions at the infamous Blackwell Asylum for Women for none other than Joseph Pulitzer's newspaper. Come listen to us discuss the interesting life of Nellie Bly and her findings. Listen now as we discuss the exciting life of Nellie Bly on Episode 139 - Faking Crazy - The Nellie Bly Story Join our $2 or $5 tier Patreon to receive 100+ bonus episodes, and coupon codes for discounted merch. https://www.patreon.com/MysteryHistoryPodcast Sources wikipedia.com pbs.com biography.com thirteen.org allthatsinteresting.com --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/mysteryhistorypodcast/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/mysteryhistorypodcast/support
(Christine) In the summer of 1899, young New York newspaper sellers took a stand against publishing magnates Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst. In this episode, Christine looks at the causes, events, and outcome of the strike, as well as how it inspired a Disney cult classic film almost a century later.
An Adventure with a Genius: Recollections of Joseph Pulitzer
Bill Rockefeller Sr. once bragged that he taught his sons about business by swindling them: "I trade with the boys and skin 'em. I want to make 'em sharp.” But the Rockefeller name and money were established not by Bill, but by his eldest son, John D. Rockefeller Sr., who founded the Standard Oil Company in 1870. Bill, himself, had no interest in things like family or work. He liked to roam, and created a career on the road, peddling worthless trinkets and miracle elixirs. This is the story of the thorn in the side of the Rockefeller family. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
In Pulitzer's later years, he became embroiled in a heated legal battle with the U.S. government after his papers printed allegations that Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft were connected to shady dealings regarding the Panama Canal. Research: “SUPREME COURT ENDS PANAMA LIBEL SUIT.” New York Times. Jan. 3, 1911. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1911/01/04/104853177.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0 Topping, Seymour. “Biography of Joseph Pulitzer.” The Pulitzer Prizes. https://www.pulitzer.org/page/biography-joseph-pulitzer “Was Slayback armed?” St. Louis Globe-Democrat. Oct. 15, 1882. https://www.newspapers.com/image/571093643 United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. “The Story of Panama: Hearings on the Rainey Resolution.” U.S. Government Printing Office, 1912. Accessed online: https://books.google.com/books?id=t8Q-AAAAYAAJ&dq=%E2%80%9CThese+stories+need+no+investigation+whatever.+They+are+in+fact+wholly+and+in+form+partly+a+libel+upon+the+United+States+Government%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s “Panama Secrets.” The Indianapolis News. October 20, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/37283610/?terms=%22Who%20Got%20the%20Money%3F%22&match=1 “Mr. Alonzo Slayback.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Oct. 13, 1882. https://www.newspapers.com/image/137816694/?terms=slayback&match=2 “Died in Cairo, Egypt.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch. April 11, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/138232467/?terms=Slayback “Francis Recalls the Killing of Col. A.W. Slayback.” The St. Louis Star and Times. October 14, 1910. https://www.newspapers.com/image/204769546/?terms=Slayback Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Bounty System". Encyclopedia Britannica, 20 Jul. 1998, https://www.britannica.com/event/Bounty-Syste “Standard Oil's Monopoly on the Panama Canal.” Omaha World-Herald. Nov. 1, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/860064239/?terms=panama%20canal&match=1 Vile, John R. “United States v. Press Publishing Co. (1911).” The First Amendment Encyclopedia. https://www.mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/609/united-states-v-press-publishing-co Morris, James McGrath. “Pulitzer.” Harper Perennial 2010. Peirce, Clyde. “The Panama Libel Cases.” Indiana Magazine of History, vol. 33, no. 2, 1937, pp. 171–86. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/27786879 “Extracts from the Will of Joseph Pulitzer.” The Pulitzer Prizes. https://www.pulitzer.org/page/extracts-will-joseph-pulitzer Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Joseph Pulitzer". Encyclopedia Britannica, 25 Oct. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Pulitzer Csillag, Andras. “Joseph Pulitzer's Roots in Europe: A Genealogical History.” American Jewish Archives. http://sites.americanjewisharchives.org/publications/journal/PDF/1987_39_01_00_csillag.pdf “Panama Canal Charges.” Weekly Town Talk (Alexandria, Louisiana). Dec. 19, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/212864982/?terms=panama%20canal&match=1 “Cromwell – Who? What? Why?” The Houston Post. November 1, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/94892307/?terms=panama%20canal&match=1 “The Inifinitude of Graft.” The Dispatch (Lexington, N.C.). Oct. 21, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/62741584/?terms=panama%20canal&match=1 “Indianapolis News Put in Ananias Club.” Indianapolis Star. Dec. 7, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/118619631/?terms=%22Who%20Got%20the%20Money%3F%22&match=1 “Roosevelt Bitter in Scoring Editors.” Indianapolis News. Dec. 7, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/37311537/?terms=%22Who%20Got%20the%20Money%3F%22&match=1 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Joseph Pulitzer is one of those pivotal figures in history, and his influence continues right on through today. Part one of this two-parter covers his early life, right up through his rivalry with William Randolph Hearst. Research: “SUPREME COURT ENDS PANAMA LIBEL SUIT.” New York Times. Jan. 3, 1911. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1911/01/04/104853177.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0 Topping, Seymour. “Biography of Joseph Pulitzer.” The Pulitzer Prizes. https://www.pulitzer.org/page/biography-joseph-pulitzer “Was Slayback armed?” St. Louis Globe-Democrat. Oct. 15, 1882. https://www.newspapers.com/image/571093643 United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. “The Story of Panama: Hearings on the Rainey Resolution.” U.S. Government Printing Office, 1912. Accessed online: https://books.google.com/books?id=t8Q-AAAAYAAJ&dq=%E2%80%9CThese+stories+need+no+investigation+whatever.+They+are+in+fact+wholly+and+in+form+partly+a+libel+upon+the+United+States+Government%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s “Panama Secrets.” The Indianapolis News. October 20, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/37283610/?terms=%22Who%20Got%20the%20Money%3F%22&match=1 “Mr. Alonzo Slayback.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Oct. 13, 1882. https://www.newspapers.com/image/137816694/?terms=slayback&match=2 “Died in Cairo, Egypt.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch. April 11, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/138232467/?terms=Slayback “Francis Recalls the Killing of Col. A.W. Slayback.” The St. Louis Star and Times. October 14, 1910. https://www.newspapers.com/image/204769546/?terms=Slayback Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Bounty System". Encyclopedia Britannica, 20 Jul. 1998, https://www.britannica.com/event/Bounty-Syste “Standard Oil's Monopoly on the Panama Canal.” Omaha World-Herald. Nov. 1, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/860064239/?terms=panama%20canal&match=1 Vile, John R. “United States v. Press Publishing Co. (1911).” The First Amendment Encyclopedia. https://www.mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/609/united-states-v-press-publishing-co Morris, James McGrath. “Pulitzer.” Harper Perennial 2010. Peirce, Clyde. “The Panama Libel Cases.” Indiana Magazine of History, vol. 33, no. 2, 1937, pp. 171–86. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/27786879 “Extracts from the Will of Joseph Pulitzer.” The Pulitzer Prizes. https://www.pulitzer.org/page/extracts-will-joseph-pulitzer Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Joseph Pulitzer". Encyclopedia Britannica, 25 Oct. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Pulitzer Csillag, Andras. “Joseph Pulitzer's Roots in Europe: A Genealogical History.” American Jewish Archives. http://sites.americanjewisharchives.org/publications/journal/PDF/1987_39_01_00_csillag.pdf “Panama Canal Charges.” Weekly Town Talk (Alexandria, Louisiana). Dec. 19, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/212864982/?terms=panama%20canal&match=1 “Cromwell – Who? What? Why?” The Houston Post. November 1, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/94892307/?terms=panama%20canal&match=1 “The Inifinitude of Graft.” The Dispatch (Lexington, N.C.). Oct. 21, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/62741584/?terms=panama%20canal&match=1 “Indianapolis News Put in Ananias Club.” Indianapolis Star. Dec. 7, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/118619631/?terms=%22Who%20Got%20the%20Money%3F%22&match=1 “Roosevelt Bitter in Scoring Editors.” Indianapolis News. Dec. 7, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/37311537/?terms=%22Who%20Got%20the%20Money%3F%22&match=1 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Stéphane Bern, entouré de ses chroniqueurs historiquement drôles et parfaitement informés, s'amuse avec l'Histoire – la grande, la petite, la moyenne… - et retrace les destins extraordinaires de personnalités qui n'auraient jamais pu se croiser, pour deux heures où le savoir et l'humour avancent main dans la main. Aujourd'hui, Joseph Pulitzer.
Écoutez la suite de l'histoire de Nelly Bly, qui s'est imposée au XIXe siècle aux États-Unis comme la mère du journalisme d'immersion, racontée par l'historienne Virginie Girod, dans un récit inédit en deux épisodes. À 23 ans, la jeune femme rêve d'intégrer le "New York World", le prestigieux journal de Joseph Pulitzer. Mais avant de l'embaucher, celui-ci la met au défi de se faire interner dans un asile pour femmes. Dans cet épisode du podcast "Au cœur de l'Histoire" produit par Europe 1 Studio, Virginie Girod raconte les premiers reportages en immersion de Nelly Bly, et les risques qui vont avec… Ce récit est une production Europe 1 Studio.Retrouvez Virginie Girod dans Madame Figaro en kiosques le 11 novembre avec un récit inédit. https://madame.lefigaro.fr/ "Au cœur de l'histoire" est un podcast Europe 1 Studio. Ecriture et présentation : Virginie Girod - Production : Adèle Humbert - Direction artistique : Adèle Humbert et Julien Tharaud - Réalisation : Clément Ibrahim - Musique originale : Julien Tharaud - Musiques additionnelles : Julien Tharaud et Sébastien Guidis - Communication : Kelly Decroix - Diffusion et rédaction : Eloise Bertil - Visuel : Sidonie Mangin Bibliographie : Virginie Girod, Les Ambitieuses, 40 femmes qui ont marqué l'histoire par leur volonté d'exister paru aux éditions M6.Nellie Bly, 10 jours dans un asile paru aux éditions du Seuil.
What I learned from reading Pieces of the Action by Vannevar Bush.Support Founders' sponsors: Tiny: The easiest way to sell your business. Quick and straightforward exits for Founders. andCapital: Raise, hold, and spend capital all in one place. and Tegus is a search engine for business knowledge that's used by founders, investors, and executives. It's incredible what they're building. Try it for free by visiting Tegus.[7:15] Pieces of the Action offers his hard-won lessons on how to operate and manage effectively within complex organizations and drive ambitious, unprecedented programs to fruition.[8:54] Stripe Press Books:The Dream Machine by M. Mitchell WaldropThe Making of Prince of Persia: Journals 1985-1993 by Jordan Mechner.[9:24] Endless Frontier: Vannevar Bush, Engineer of the American Century by G. Pascal Zachary[10:40] Any exploration of the institutions that shape how we do research, generate discoveries, create inventions, and turn ideas into innovations inevitably leads back to Vannevar Bush.[11:26] No American has had greater influence in the growth of science and technology than Vannevar Bush.[12:23] That's why I'm going to encourage you to order this book —because when you pick it up and you read it —you're reading the words of an 80 year old genius. One of the most formidable and accomplished people that has ever lived— laying out what he learned over his six decade long career.[14:38] A Mind at Play: How Claude Shannon Invented the Information Age by Jimmy Soni and Rob Goodman (Founders #95)[15:12] Bootstrapping: Douglas Engelbart, Coevolution, and the Origins of Personal Computing by Thierry Bardini[15:48] I don't know what Silicon Valley will do when it runs out of Doug Engelbart's ideas. — The Innovators: How a Group of Hackers, Geniuses, and Geeks Created the Digital Revolution by Walter Isaacson. (Founders #157)[18:54] Bush points out that tipping points often rest with far-seeing, energetic individuals. We can be those individuals.[20:36] I went into this book with little more than a name and came out with the closest thing to a mentor someone you've never met can be.[20:58] We are not the first to face problems, and as we face them we can hold our heads high. In such spirit was this book written.[24:38] The essence of civilization is the transmission of the findings of each generation to the next.[29:00] This is not a call for optimism, it is a call for determination.[31:12] It is pleasant to turn to situations where conservatism or lethargy were overcome by farseeing, energetic individuals.[31:34] People are really a power law and that the best ones can change everything. —Sam Hinkie[33:46] There should never be, throughout an organization, any doubt as to where authority for making decisions resides, or any doubt that they will be promptly made.[34:32] You can drive great people by making the speed of decision making really slow. Why would great people stay in an organization where they can't get things done? They look around after a while, and they're, like, "Look, I love the mission, but I can't get my job done because our speed of decision making is too slow." — Invent and Wander: The Collected Writings of Jeff Bezos by Jeff Bezos and Walter Isaacson.(Founders #155)[38:36] Rigid lines of authority do not produce the best innovations.[38:42] Research projects flowered in pockets all around the company, many of them without Steve's blessing or even awareness.They'd come to Steve's attention only if one of his key managers decided that the project or technology showed real potential.In that case, Steve would check it out, and the information he'd glean would go into the learning machine that was his brain. Sometimes that's where it would sit, and nothing would happen. Sometimes, on the other hand, he'd concoct a way to combine it with something else he'd seen, or perhaps to twist it in a way to benefit an entirely different project altogether.This was one of his great talents, the ability to synthesize separate developments and technologies into something previously unimaginable. —Becoming Steve Jobs: The Evolution of a Reckless Upstart into a Visionary Leader by Brent Schlender and Rick Tetzeli (Founders #265)[40:56] He was so industrious that he became a positive annoyance to others who felt less inclined to work. —Pulitzer: A Life in Politics, Print, and Power by James McGrath Morris. (Founders #135)[42:22] Tuxedo Park: A Wall Street Tycoon and The Secret Palace of Science That Changed The Course of World War II by Jennet Conant. (Founders #143)[45:35] If a man is a good judge of men, he can go far on that skill alone.[46:00] All the past episodes mentioned by Vannevar Bush in this book:General Leslie Groves: The General and the Genius: Groves and Oppenheimer—The Unlikely Partnership that Built the Atom Bomb by James Kunetka. (Founders #215)J. Robert Oppenheimer: The General and the Genius: Groves and Oppenheimer—The Unlikely Partnership that Built the Atom Bomb by James Kunetka. (Founders #215)Alfred Lee Loomis: Tuxedo Park: A Wall Street Tycoon and The Secret Palace of Science That Changed The Course of World War II by Jennet Conant. (Founders #143)J.P. Morgan: The House of Morgan: An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance by Ron Chernow. (Founders #139)The Hour of Fate: Theodore Roosevelt, J.P. Morgan, and the Battle to Transform American Capitalism by Susan Berfield. (Founders #142)Orville Wright: The Wright Brothers by David McCullough. (Founders #239)Birdmen: The Wright Brothers, Glenn Curtiss, and the Battle to Control the Skies by Lawrence Goldstone. (Founders #241)Edwin Land: Land's Polaroid: A Company and the Man Who Invented It by Peter C. Wensberg. (Founders #263)Instant: The Story of Polaroid by Christopher Bonanos. (Founders #264)Henry J. Kaiser: Builder in the Modern American West by Mark Foster. (Founders #66)Professional Amateur: The Biography of Charles Franklin Kettering by Thomas Boyd (Founders #125)Reluctant Genius: The Passionate Life and Inventive Mind of Alexander Graham Bellby Charlotte Gray. (Founders #138)[48:21] Difficulties are often encountered in bringing an invention into production and use.[48:47] An invention has some of the characteristics of a poem.It is said that a poet may derive real joy out of making a poem, even if it is never published, even if he does not recite it to his friends, even if it is not a very good poem.No doubt, one has to be a poet to understand this.In the same way, an inventor can derive real satisfaction out of making an invention, even if he never expects to make a nickel out of it, even if he knows it is a bit foolish, provided he feels it involves ingenuity and insight.An inventor invents because he cannot help it, and also because he gets quiet fun out of doing so.Sometimes he even makes money at it, but not by himself. One has to be an inventor to understand this.One evening in Dayton, I dined alone with Orville Wright.During a long evening, we discussed inventions we had made that had never amounted to anything. He took me up to the attic and showed me models of various weird gadgets.I had plenty of similar efforts to tell him about, and we enjoyed ourselves thoroughly.Neither of us would have thus spilled things except to a fellow practitioner, one who had enjoyed the elation of creation and who knew that such elation is, to a true devotee, independent of practical results.So it is also, I understand, with poets.[51:28] Against The Odds: An Autobiography by James Dyson (Founders #200)[52:21] When picking an industry to enter, my favorite rule of thumb is this: Pick an industry where the founders of the industry—the founders of the important companies in the industry—are still alive and actively involved. — The Pmarca Blog Archive Ebook by Marc Andreessen. (Founders #50)[57:18] If a company operates only under patents it owns, and infringes on no others, its monopoly should not be disturbed, and the courts so hold. An excellent example is Polaroid Corporation. Founded by Edwin Land, one of the most ingenious men I ever knew (and also one of the wisest), it has grown and prospered because of his inventions and those of his team.[1:00:46] I came to the realization that they knew more about the subject than I did. In some ways, this was not strange. They were concentrating on it and I was getting involved in other things.[1:01:31] P.T. Barnum: An American Life by Robert Wilson. (Founders #137)[1:05:53] We make progress, lots of progress, in nearly every intellectual field, only to find that the more we probe, the faster our field of ignorance expands.[1:11:41] All the books from Stripe Press—Get 60 days free of Readwise. It is the best app I pay for. I couldn't make Founders without it.—“I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested so my poor wallet suffers. ” — GarethBe like Gareth. Buy a book: All the books featured on Founders Podcast
From Eating Tree Bark to Richest Man In South Korea. Born of This Land: My Life Story by Chung Ju-yung. Founders #117 The most inspiring autobiography I've read: Chung Ju-yung the Founder of Hyundai Apr 04 2022 83 mins What I learned from reading Born of This Land: My Life Story by Chung Ju-yung. Upgrade to start learning from history's greatest entrepreneurs. You will immediately gain access to 247 full length episodes. About the Book “As a businessman and a hard working laborer born of this land, I feel an infinite sense of pride that I have contributed my share to this country's breakthrough.” – Chung Ju-yung Born of This Land: My Life Story is an English translation of the Chung Ju-yung's autobiography. Chung ju-yung is the founding chairman of the Hyundai Group. The story begins with the escape from his home to the beginning of Chung's first auto repair shop. Chung's personal account of the construction of Soyang River Dam and the Seoul-Busan Expressway, establishment of Hyundai Motors and Hyundai Heavy Industries, and Seosan Reclamation Project are included in the book. Through Chung's account, we will gain a deeply personal insight into the man who contributed to the Miracle on the Han River. About the Author Chung Ju-yung(1915.11.25~2001.03.21) is the founder of Hyundai, which included the global consumer brand Hyundai Motor Company, one of the world's foremost shipbuilders Hyundai Heavy Industries, and a large number of other affiliates. Born on November 25, 1915 in Tongcheon County, Gangwon Province, in what is now North Korea, Chung ran several small businesses prior to Korea's liberation from Japanese colonialism in 1945. In 1946, he founded the Hyundai Motor Service Center, and the next year Hyundai Construction Company. These two businesses would blossom into the bedrock of one of Korea's industrial titans. Chung presided over the Hyundai group during South Korea's rise from being one of the world's poorest nations to now one of its richest. Aside from his many achievements in the world of business, he also helped secure the 1988 Olympics for Seoul and sought to improve relations with North Korea through public diplomacy. Contents Preface for the English Edition • viii Editorial Note • xiv Prologue • 02 | Chapter 1 | My Hometown, My Parents • 05 My hometown, Tongcheon • 06 My childhood and leaving my hometown • 13 | Chapter 2 | The Birth of Hyundai • 19 From dock worker to rice shop owner • 20 An auto-repair shop, a fire, and Ado Service again • 25 Blessing in disguise at the Holdong Mine • 31 Postliberation in Donam-dong • 32 Hyundai Auto Service Center, Hyundai Construction, and the Korean War • 36 The ordeal of Goryeong Bridge • 49 Goryeong Bridge, a blessing in disguise • 54 Success is all about timing and decision-making • 59 Shin-yung, my brother • 65 | Chapter 3 | My Construction Business • 71 Construction, the key to modernization • 72 Going overseas • 75 Building the Soyang River Dam • 81 The Gyeongbu Expressway: Korea's main artery • 90 I am a builder • 101 | Chapter 4 | The Hyundai Motor Company and Hyundai Shipbuilding • 105 The Hyundai Motor Company gets its start • 106 Our first car • 112 Dreaming of a shipyard • 128 In search of credit • 132 Someone crazier than me • 141 Leaving a mark in shipbuilding • 144 To laugh or cry? • 148 The oil shock of 1973 • 152 | Chapter 5 | Drama in the Middle East and the Milestone Year, 1980 • 157 My near-death experience • 158 To the Middle East we go • 163 High drama in Jubail • 165 Hurdle, after hurdle, after hurdle • 171 Mock us if you will • 177 The “thinking bulldozer” • 183 Giving back to society through the Asan Foundation • 185 Korea's business leader • 190 A difficult late 1970s • 197 Hyundai Heavy Industries under siege • 200 A dark period • 206 | Chapter 6 | The 1988 Olympics and Korea's Fifth Republic • 209 President Park Chung-hee and Korea's bid for the 1988 Olympics • 210 Going all out in Baden-Baden • 214 Two years and two months: serving on the Korean Sport & Olympic Committee • 225 Reclaiming land for a small nation • 231 The bombing in Rangoon • 240 Growing pains • 244 | Chapter 7 | Mt. Geumgang and Siberia • 251 The evolution of the Mt. Geumgang project • 252 Meeting Gorbachev • 261 Claiming a stake in Siberia • 264 | Chapter 8 | Loving My Country, Loving the People • 271 Human capital above all else • 272 Hyundai is wealthy, not I • 274 Businesses contribute to their nation • 278 The bigger the better • 283 When will the private sector lead the economy? • 288 Fundamentals over frippery • 292 | Chapter 9 | My Philosophy, the Spirit of Hyundai • 295 The Hyundai spirit • 296 No more corruption, please • 298 Money and wealth are not the same • 301 Frugality and honesty lead to wealth • 303 Positive thinking is the road to happiness • 308 The conditions for happiness • 313 An ordinary wife • 316 For the nation • 321 Epilogue • 326 Appendix A: Photos of Chung Ju-yung with Family • 329 Appendix B: Chronology • 337 Notes • 353 WHAT OTHER PEOPLE ARE SAYING: “Without a doubt, the highest value-to-cost ratio I've taken advantage of in the last year is the Founders podcast premium feed. Tap into eons of knowledge and experiences, condensed into digestible portions. Highly, highly recommend. “Uniquely outstanding. No fluff and all substance. David does an outstanding job summarizing these biographies and hones in on the elements that make his subjects so unique among entrepreneurs. I particularly enjoy that he focuses on both the founder's positive and negative characteristics as a way of highlighting things to mimic and avoid.” “I just paid for my first premium podcast subscription for Founders podcast. Learning from those who came before us is one of the highest value ways to invest time. David does his homework and exponentially improves my efficiency by focusing on the most valuable lessons.” “I haven't found a better return on my time and money than your podcast for inspiration and time-tested wisdom to help me on my journey. “I've now listened to every episode. From this knowledge I've doubled my business to $500k a year. Love your passion and recommend your podcast to everyone.” “Founders is the only podcast I pay for and it's worth 100x the cost.” “I have listened to many podcasts on entrepreneurship (HIBT, Masters of Scale, etc.) and find Founders to be consistently more helpful than any other entrepreneurship podcast. David is a craftsperson, he carefully reads biographies of founders, distills the most important anecdotes and themes from their life, and draws commonalities across lives. David's focus is rightfully not on teaching you a formula to succeed but on constantly pushing you to think different.” “I highly highly recommend this podcast. Holy cow. I've been binge listening to these and you start to see patterns across all these incredible humans.” Listening to your podcast has changed my life and that is not a statement I make often. “After one episode I quickly joined the Misfit feed. Love the insight and thoughts shared along the way. David loves what he does and it shines through on the podcast. Definitely my go-to podcast now.” “It is worth every penny. I cannot put into words how fantastic this podcast is. Just stop reading this and get the full access.” “Personally it's one of my top 3 favorite podcasts. If you're into business and startups and technology, this is for you. David covers good books and I've come to really appreciate his perspective. Can't say enough good things.” “I quickly subscribed and it's honestly been the best money I've spent all year. It has inspired me to read biographies. Highly recommend.” “This is the most inspirational and best business podcast out there. David has inspired me to focus on biographies rather than general business books. I'm addicted.” “Anyone interested in business must find the time to listen to each any every Founders podcast. A high return on investment will be a virtual certainty. Subscribe and start listening as soon as possible.” “David saves you hundreds of hours by summarizing bios of legendary business founders and providing valuable insight on what makes an individual successful. He has introduced me to many founders I would have never known existed.” “The podcasts offer spectacular lessons on life, human nature and business achievement. David's enthusiasm and personal thoughts bring me joy. My journey has been enhanced by his efforts.” "Founders is the best self investment that I've made in years." Upgrade to start learning from history's greatest entrepreneurs. You will immediately gain access to 247 full length episodes. You will learn the key insights from biographies on Steve Jobs, Elon Musk, John D. Rockefeller, Coco Chanel, Andrew Carnegie, Enzo Ferrari, Estee Lauder, Jeff Bezos, Warren Buffett, Charlie Munger, Phil Knight, Joseph Pulitzer, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Alexander Graham Bell, Bill Gates, P.T. 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What I learned from rereading One from Many: VISA and the Rise of Chaordic Organization by Dee Hock. Listen to every full episode for $10 a month or $99 a year. The key ideas you'll learn pays for the subscription cost thousands of times over.WHAT OTHER PEOPLE ARE SAYING:“Founders is the only podcast I pay for and it's worth 100x the cost.”“I've now listened to every episode. From this knowledge I've doubled my business to $500k a year. Love your passion and recommend your podcast to everyone.”“Without a doubt, the highest value-to-cost ratio I've taken advantage of in the last year is the Founders podcast premium feed. Tap into eons of knowledge and experiences, condensed into digestible portions. Highly, highly recommend. “Uniquely outstanding. No fluff and all substance. David does an outstanding job summarizing these biographies and hones in on the elements that make his subjects so unique among entrepreneurs. I particularly enjoy that he focuses on both the founder's positive and negative characteristics as a way of highlighting things to mimic and avoid.”“I just paid for my first premium podcast subscription for Founders podcast. Learning from those who came before us is one of the highest value ways to invest time. David does his homework and exponentially improves my efficiency by focusing on the most valuable lessons.”“I haven't found a better return on my time and money than your podcast for inspiration and time-tested wisdom to help me on my journey."I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested, so my poor wallet suffers.”"I can't get enough of your podcast. You add a new layer to the books I've already read and make connections to ones I haven't, but now must read."“I have listened to many podcasts on entrepreneurship (HIBT, Masters of Scale, etc.) and find Founders to be consistently more helpful than any other entrepreneurship podcast. David is a craftsperson, he carefully reads biographies of founders, distills the most important anecdotes and themes from their life, and draws commonalities across lives. David's focus is rightfully not on teaching you a formula to succeed but on constantly pushing you to think different.”“I highly highly recommend this podcast. Holy cow. I've been binge listening to these and you start to see patterns across all these incredible humans.”Listening to your podcast has changed my life and that is not a statement I make often.“After one episode I quickly joined the Misfit feed. Love the insight and thoughts shared along the way. David loves what he does and it shines through on the podcast. Definitely my go-to podcast now.”“It is worth every penny. I cannot put into words how fantastic this podcast is. Just stop reading this and get the full access.”“Personally it's one of my top 3 favorite podcasts. If you're into business and startups and technology, this is for you. David covers good books and I've come to really appreciate his perspective. Can't say enough good things.”“I quickly subscribed and it's honestly been the best money I've spent all year. It has inspired me to read biographies. Highly recommend.”“This is the most inspirational and best business podcast out there. David has inspired me to focus on biographies rather than general business books. I'm addicted.”“Anyone interested in business must find the time to listen to each any every Founders podcast. A high return on investment will be a virtual certainty. Subscribe and start listening as soon as possible.”“David saves you hundreds of hours by summarizing bios of legendary business founders and providing valuable insight on what makes an individual successful. He has introduced me to many founders I would have never known existed.”“The podcasts offer spectacular lessons on life, human nature and business achievement. David's enthusiasm and personal thoughts bring me joy. My journey has been enhanced by his efforts.”"Founders is the best self investment that I've made in years."UPGRADE to listen to the rest of this episode and gain access to 268 full length episodes.You will learn the key insights from biographies on Steve Jobs, Elon Musk, John D. Rockefeller, Coco Chanel, Andrew Carnegie, Enzo Ferrari, Estee Lauder, Jeff Bezos, Warren Buffett, Charlie Munger, Phil Knight, Joseph Pulitzer, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Alexander Graham Bell, Bill Gates, P.T. Barnum, Edwin Land, Henry Ford, Walter Chrysler, Thomas Edison, David Ogilvy, Ben Franklin, Howard Hughes, George Lucas, Levi Strauss, Walt Disney and so many more. You will learn from the founders of Nike, Patagonia, Apple, Microsoft, Hershey, General Motors, Ford, Standard Oil, Polaroid, Home Depot, MGM, Intel, Federal Express, Wal Mart, JP Morgan, Chrysler, Cadillac, Oracle, Hyundai, Seagram, Berkshire Hathaway, Teledyne, Adidas, Les Schwab, Renaissance Technologies, IKEA, Sony, Ferrari, and so many more. UPGRADE to listen to the rest of this episode and gain access to 268 full length episodes.
What I learned from reading Explore/Create My Life in Pursuit of New Frontiers, Hidden Worlds, and the Creative Spark by Richard Garriott.Listen to every full episode for $10 a month or $99 a year. The key ideas you'll learn pays for the subscription cost thousands of times over.WHAT OTHER PEOPLE ARE SAYING:“Founders is the only podcast I pay for and it's worth 100x the cost.”“I've now listened to every episode. From this knowledge I've doubled my business to $500k a year. Love your passion and recommend your podcast to everyone.”“Without a doubt, the highest value-to-cost ratio I've taken advantage of in the last year is the Founders podcast premium feed. Tap into eons of knowledge and experiences, condensed into digestible portions. Highly, highly recommend. “Uniquely outstanding. No fluff and all substance. David does an outstanding job summarizing these biographies and hones in on the elements that make his subjects so unique among entrepreneurs. I particularly enjoy that he focuses on both the founder's positive and negative characteristics as a way of highlighting things to mimic and avoid.”“I just paid for my first premium podcast subscription for Founders podcast. Learning from those who came before us is one of the highest value ways to invest time. David does his homework and exponentially improves my efficiency by focusing on the most valuable lessons.”“I haven't found a better return on my time and money than your podcast for inspiration and time-tested wisdom to help me on my journey."I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested, so my poor wallet suffers.”"I can't get enough of your podcast. You add a new layer to the books I've already read and make connections to ones I haven't, but now must read."“I have listened to many podcasts on entrepreneurship (HIBT, Masters of Scale, etc.) and find Founders to be consistently more helpful than any other entrepreneurship podcast. David is a craftsperson, he carefully reads biographies of founders, distills the most important anecdotes and themes from their life, and draws commonalities across lives. David's focus is rightfully not on teaching you a formula to succeed but on constantly pushing you to think different.”“I highly highly recommend this podcast. Holy cow. I've been binge listening to these and you start to see patterns across all these incredible humans.”Listening to your podcast has changed my life and that is not a statement I make often.“After one episode I quickly joined the Misfit feed. Love the insight and thoughts shared along the way. David loves what he does and it shines through on the podcast. Definitely my go-to podcast now.”“It is worth every penny. I cannot put into words how fantastic this podcast is. Just stop reading this and get the full access.”“Personally it's one of my top 3 favorite podcasts. If you're into business and startups and technology, this is for you. David covers good books and I've come to really appreciate his perspective. Can't say enough good things.”“I quickly subscribed and it's honestly been the best money I've spent all year. It has inspired me to read biographies. Highly recommend.”“This is the most inspirational and best business podcast out there. David has inspired me to focus on biographies rather than general business books. I'm addicted.”“Anyone interested in business must find the time to listen to each any every Founders podcast. A high return on investment will be a virtual certainty. Subscribe and start listening as soon as possible.”“David saves you hundreds of hours by summarizing bios of legendary business founders and providing valuable insight on what makes an individual successful. He has introduced me to many founders I would have never known existed.”“The podcasts offer spectacular lessons on life, human nature and business achievement. David's enthusiasm and personal thoughts bring me joy. My journey has been enhanced by his efforts.”"Founders is the best self investment that I've made in years."UPGRADE to listen to the rest of this episode and gain access to 265 full length episodes.You will learn the key insights from biographies on Steve Jobs, Elon Musk, John D. Rockefeller, Coco Chanel, Andrew Carnegie, Enzo Ferrari, Estee Lauder, Jeff Bezos, Warren Buffett, Charlie Munger, Phil Knight, Joseph Pulitzer, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Alexander Graham Bell, Bill Gates, P.T. Barnum, Edwin Land, Henry Ford, Walter Chrysler, Thomas Edison, David Ogilvy, Ben Franklin, Howard Hughes, George Lucas, Levi Strauss, Walt Disney and so many more. You will learn from the founders of Nike, Patagonia, Apple, Microsoft, Hershey, General Motors, Ford, Standard Oil, Polaroid, Home Depot, MGM, Intel, Federal Express, Wal Mart, JP Morgan, Chrysler, Cadillac, Oracle, Hyundai, Seagram, Berkshire Hathaway, Teledyne, Adidas, Les Schwab, Renaissance Technologies, IKEA, Sony, Ferrari, and so many more. UPGRADE to listen to the rest of this episode and gain access to 265 full length episodes.
What I learned from reading Masters of Doom: How Two Guys Created an Empire and Transformed Pop Culture by David Kushner.Listen to every full episode for $10 a month or $99 a year. The key ideas you'll learn pays for the subscription cost thousands of times over.WHAT OTHER PEOPLE ARE SAYING:“Founders is the only podcast I pay for and it's worth 100x the cost.”“I've now listened to every episode. From this knowledge I've doubled my business to $500k a year. Love your passion and recommend your podcast to everyone.”“Without a doubt, the highest value-to-cost ratio I've taken advantage of in the last year is the Founders podcast premium feed. Tap into eons of knowledge and experiences, condensed into digestible portions. Highly, highly recommend. “Uniquely outstanding. No fluff and all substance. David does an outstanding job summarizing these biographies and hones in on the elements that make his subjects so unique among entrepreneurs. I particularly enjoy that he focuses on both the founder's positive and negative characteristics as a way of highlighting things to mimic and avoid.”“I just paid for my first premium podcast subscription for Founders podcast. Learning from those who came before us is one of the highest value ways to invest time. David does his homework and exponentially improves my efficiency by focusing on the most valuable lessons.”“I haven't found a better return on my time and money than your podcast for inspiration and time-tested wisdom to help me on my journey."I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested, so my poor wallet suffers.”"I can't get enough of your podcast. You add a new layer to the books I've already read and make connections to ones I haven't, but now must read."“I have listened to many podcasts on entrepreneurship (HIBT, Masters of Scale, etc.) and find Founders to be consistently more helpful than any other entrepreneurship podcast. David is a craftsperson, he carefully reads biographies of founders, distills the most important anecdotes and themes from their life, and draws commonalities across lives. David's focus is rightfully not on teaching you a formula to succeed but on constantly pushing you to think different.”“I highly highly recommend this podcast. Holy cow. I've been binge listening to these and you start to see patterns across all these incredible humans.”Listening to your podcast has changed my life and that is not a statement I make often.“After one episode I quickly joined the Misfit feed. Love the insight and thoughts shared along the way. David loves what he does and it shines through on the podcast. Definitely my go-to podcast now.”“It is worth every penny. I cannot put into words how fantastic this podcast is. Just stop reading this and get the full access.”“Personally it's one of my top 3 favorite podcasts. If you're into business and startups and technology, this is for you. David covers good books and I've come to really appreciate his perspective. Can't say enough good things.”“I quickly subscribed and it's honestly been the best money I've spent all year. It has inspired me to read biographies. Highly recommend.”“This is the most inspirational and best business podcast out there. David has inspired me to focus on biographies rather than general business books. I'm addicted.”“Anyone interested in business must find the time to listen to each any every Founders podcast. A high return on investment will be a virtual certainty. Subscribe and start listening as soon as possible.”“David saves you hundreds of hours by summarizing bios of legendary business founders and providing valuable insight on what makes an individual successful. He has introduced me to many founders I would have never known existed.”“The podcasts offer spectacular lessons on life, human nature and business achievement. David's enthusiasm and personal thoughts bring me joy. My journey has been enhanced by his efforts.”"Founders is the best self investment that I've made in years."UPGRADE to listen to the rest of this episode and gain access to 264 full length episodes.You will learn the key insights from biographies on Steve Jobs, Elon Musk, John D. Rockefeller, Coco Chanel, Andrew Carnegie, Enzo Ferrari, Estee Lauder, Jeff Bezos, Warren Buffett, Charlie Munger, Phil Knight, Joseph Pulitzer, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Alexander Graham Bell, Bill Gates, P.T. Barnum, Edwin Land, Henry Ford, Walter Chrysler, Thomas Edison, David Ogilvy, Ben Franklin, Howard Hughes, George Lucas, Levi Strauss, Walt Disney and so many more. You will learn from the founders of Nike, Patagonia, Apple, Microsoft, Hershey, General Motors, Ford, Standard Oil, Polaroid, Home Depot, MGM, Intel, Federal Express, Wal Mart, JP Morgan, Chrysler, Cadillac, Oracle, Hyundai, Seagram, Berkshire Hathaway, Teledyne, Adidas, Les Schwab, Renaissance Technologies, IKEA, Sony, Ferrari, and so many more. UPGRADE to listen to the rest of this episode and gain access to 264 full length episodes.
What I learned from reading The Father of Spin: Edward L. Bernays and the Birth of Public Relations by Larry Tye.Listen to every full episode for $10 a month or $99 a year. The key ideas you'll learn pays for the subscription cost thousands of times over.WHAT OTHER PEOPLE ARE SAYING:“Founders is the only podcast I pay for and it's worth 100x the cost.”“I've now listened to every episode. From this knowledge I've doubled my business to $500k a year. Love your passion and recommend your podcast to everyone.”“Without a doubt, the highest value-to-cost ratio I've taken advantage of in the last year is the Founders podcast premium feed. Tap into eons of knowledge and experiences, condensed into digestible portions. Highly, highly recommend. “Uniquely outstanding. No fluff and all substance. David does an outstanding job summarizing these biographies and hones in on the elements that make his subjects so unique among entrepreneurs. I particularly enjoy that he focuses on both the founder's positive and negative characteristics as a way of highlighting things to mimic and avoid.”“I just paid for my first premium podcast subscription for Founders podcast. Learning from those who came before us is one of the highest value ways to invest time. David does his homework and exponentially improves my efficiency by focusing on the most valuable lessons.”“I haven't found a better return on my time and money than your podcast for inspiration and time-tested wisdom to help me on my journey."I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested, so my poor wallet suffers.”"I can't get enough of your podcast. You add a new layer to the books I've already read and make connections to ones I haven't, but now must read."“I have listened to many podcasts on entrepreneurship (HIBT, Masters of Scale, etc.) and find Founders to be consistently more helpful than any other entrepreneurship podcast. David is a craftsperson, he carefully reads biographies of founders, distills the most important anecdotes and themes from their life, and draws commonalities across lives. David's focus is rightfully not on teaching you a formula to succeed but on constantly pushing you to think different.”“I highly highly recommend this podcast. Holy cow. I've been binge listening to these and you start to see patterns across all these incredible humans.”Listening to your podcast has changed my life and that is not a statement I make often.“After one episode I quickly joined the Misfit feed. Love the insight and thoughts shared along the way. David loves what he does and it shines through on the podcast. Definitely my go-to podcast now.”“It is worth every penny. I cannot put into words how fantastic this podcast is. Just stop reading this and get the full access.”“Personally it's one of my top 3 favorite podcasts. If you're into business and startups and technology, this is for you. David covers good books and I've come to really appreciate his perspective. Can't say enough good things.”“I quickly subscribed and it's honestly been the best money I've spent all year. It has inspired me to read biographies. Highly recommend.”“This is the most inspirational and best business podcast out there. David has inspired me to focus on biographies rather than general business books. I'm addicted.”“Anyone interested in business must find the time to listen to each any every Founders podcast. A high return on investment will be a virtual certainty. Subscribe and start listening as soon as possible.”“David saves you hundreds of hours by summarizing bios of legendary business founders and providing valuable insight on what makes an individual successful. He has introduced me to many founders I would have never known existed.”“The podcasts offer spectacular lessons on life, human nature and business achievement. David's enthusiasm and personal thoughts bring me joy. My journey has been enhanced by his efforts.”"Founders is the best self investment that I've made in years."UPGRADE to listen to the rest of this episode and gain access to 264 full length episodes.You will learn the key insights from biographies on Steve Jobs, Elon Musk, John D. Rockefeller, Coco Chanel, Andrew Carnegie, Enzo Ferrari, Estee Lauder, Jeff Bezos, Warren Buffett, Charlie Munger, Phil Knight, Joseph Pulitzer, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Alexander Graham Bell, Bill Gates, P.T. Barnum, Edwin Land, Henry Ford, Walter Chrysler, Thomas Edison, David Ogilvy, Ben Franklin, Howard Hughes, George Lucas, Levi Strauss, Walt Disney and so many more. You will learn from the founders of Nike, Patagonia, Apple, Microsoft, Hershey, General Motors, Ford, Standard Oil, Polaroid, Home Depot, MGM, Intel, Federal Express, Wal Mart, JP Morgan, Chrysler, Cadillac, Oracle, Hyundai, Seagram, Berkshire Hathaway, Teledyne, Adidas, Les Schwab, Renaissance Technologies, IKEA, Sony, Ferrari, and so many more. UPGRADE to listen to the rest of this episode and gain access to 264 full length episodes.
What I learned from reading Carroll Shelby: The Authorized Biography by Rinsey Mills. This was originally episode 99. I wanted to post the full episode on July 4th so we can learn from an American original.[3:27] I love everything about this person. I like the way he thought. I like the way he lived his life.[3:38] It is almost unbelievable all the different events that could happen in one human lifetime.[3:52] He lived to 89 years old and he used every single year that he was alive.[5:22] He could talk his way out of anything.[6:40] He knew what he wanted. He didn't want anybody else telling him what to do.[7:41] He had a love for anything that would go fast.[10:48] He didn't know what to do with his life.[15:54] Follow your natural drift. —Charlie Munger[17:00] I can't work for anybody.[18:42] He has fun his entire life. As soon as they stop being fun he runs away.[22:20] A Man for All Markets: From Las Vegas to Wall Street, How I Beat the Dealer and the Market by Ed Thorp. (Founders #93 and #222) [24:17] Money only solves money problems.[26:32] Scratching around doing insignificant races with inferior machinery wasn't an option in which he could see any future.[27:26] Whatever setbacks he encountered he was invariably able to bounce back through a combination of self-belief and an aptitude for making other people believe in him.[27:45] Enthusiasm and passion are universal attractive traits.[28:05] Go Like Hell: Ford, Ferrari, and Their Battle for Speed and Glory at Le Mans by A.J. Baime. (Founders #97) and Enzo Ferrari: Power, Politics, and the Making of an Automobile Empire by Luca Dal Monte. (Founders #98) [30:29] The Purple Cow by Seth Godin[32:22] Distant Force: A Memoir of the Teledyne Corporation and the Man Who Created It by Dr. George Roberts. (Founders #110)[32:38] Having extreme focus in the information age is a superpower.[36:13] Racing was a means to an end. He wanted to build his own car. That was his main goal.[42:34] He still didn't know quite how he was going to do it but if he was finally going to produce his own sports car.[53:48] All big things start small.[58:31] 12 months after Shelby was deeply depressed his life is completely different and the Shelby Cobra starts to take shape.[1:00:06] A summary of the early days of Shelby Automotive: Everything had to be done tomorrow and by the cheapest method possible.[1:01:12] It wasn't uncommon for them to work until two or three in the morning and be back down there at 7:30 the next morning.[1:02:22] There's just something special about a group of highly talented, smart people working together for a common goal.[1:03:48] Shelby hates company politics. That is why he wanted to run a smaller company.[1:17:30] My name is Carroll Shelby and performance is my business. —“I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested, so my poor wallet suffers. ”— GarethBe like Gareth. Buy a book: All the books featured on Founders Podcast
What I learned from rereading The Fish That Ate the Whale: The Life and Times of America's Banana King by Rich Cohen.Listen to every full episode for $10 a month. The key ideas you'll learn pays for the subscription cost thousands of times over.WHAT OTHER PEOPLE ARE SAYING:“Founders is the only podcast I pay for and it's worth 100x the cost.”“I've now listened to every episode. From this knowledge I've doubled my business to $500k a year. Love your passion and recommend your podcast to everyone.”“Without a doubt, the highest value-to-cost ratio I've taken advantage of in the last year is the Founders podcast premium feed. Tap into eons of knowledge and experiences, condensed into digestible portions. Highly, highly recommend. “Uniquely outstanding. No fluff and all substance. David does an outstanding job summarizing these biographies and hones in on the elements that make his subjects so unique among entrepreneurs. I particularly enjoy that he focuses on both the founder's positive and negative characteristics as a way of highlighting things to mimic and avoid.”“I just paid for my first premium podcast subscription for Founders podcast. Learning from those who came before us is one of the highest value ways to invest time. David does his homework and exponentially improves my efficiency by focusing on the most valuable lessons.”“I haven't found a better return on my time and money than your podcast for inspiration and time-tested wisdom to help me on my journey."I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested, so my poor wallet suffers.”"I can't get enough of your podcast. You add a new layer to the books I've already read and make connections to ones I haven't, but now must read."“I have listened to many podcasts on entrepreneurship (HIBT, Masters of Scale, etc.) and find Founders to be consistently more helpful than any other entrepreneurship podcast. David is a craftsperson, he carefully reads biographies of founders, distills the most important anecdotes and themes from their life, and draws commonalities across lives. David's focus is rightfully not on teaching you a formula to succeed but on constantly pushing you to think different.”“I highly highly recommend this podcast. Holy cow. I've been binge listening to these and you start to see patterns across all these incredible humans.”Listening to your podcast has changed my life and that is not a statement I make often.“After one episode I quickly joined the Misfit feed. Love the insight and thoughts shared along the way. David loves what he does and it shines through on the podcast. Definitely my go-to podcast now.”“It is worth every penny. I cannot put into words how fantastic this podcast is. Just stop reading this and get the full access.”“Personally it's one of my top 3 favorite podcasts. If you're into business and startups and technology, this is for you. David covers good books and I've come to really appreciate his perspective. Can't say enough good things.”“I quickly subscribed and it's honestly been the best money I've spent all year. It has inspired me to read biographies. Highly recommend.”“This is the most inspirational and best business podcast out there. David has inspired me to focus on biographies rather than general business books. I'm addicted.”“Anyone interested in business must find the time to listen to each any every Founders podcast. A high return on investment will be a virtual certainty. Subscribe and start listening as soon as possible.”“David saves you hundreds of hours by summarizing bios of legendary business founders and providing valuable insight on what makes an individual successful. He has introduced me to many founders I would have never known existed.”“The podcasts offer spectacular lessons on life, human nature and business achievement. David's enthusiasm and personal thoughts bring me joy. My journey has been enhanced by his efforts.”"Founders is the best self investment that I've made in years."UPGRADE to listen to the rest of this episode and gain access to 263 full length episodes.You will learn the key insights from biographies on Steve Jobs, Elon Musk, John D. Rockefeller, Coco Chanel, Andrew Carnegie, Enzo Ferrari, Estee Lauder, Jeff Bezos, Warren Buffett, Charlie Munger, Phil Knight, Joseph Pulitzer, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Alexander Graham Bell, Bill Gates, P.T. Barnum, Edwin Land, Henry Ford, Walter Chrysler, Thomas Edison, David Ogilvy, Ben Franklin, Howard Hughes, George Lucas, Levi Strauss, Walt Disney and so many more. You will learn from the founders of Nike, Patagonia, Apple, Microsoft, Hershey, General Motors, Ford, Standard Oil, Polaroid, Home Depot, MGM, Intel, Federal Express, Wal Mart, JP Morgan, Chrysler, Cadillac, Oracle, Hyundai, Seagram, Berkshire Hathaway, Teledyne, Adidas, Les Schwab, Renaissance Technologies, IKEA, Sony, Ferrari, and so many more. UPGRADE to listen to the rest of this episode and gain access to 263 full length episodes.
What I learned from reading John D: The Founding Father of the Rockefellers by David Freeman Hawke.Listen to every full episode for $10 a month or $99 a year. The key ideas you'll learn pays for the subscription cost thousands of times over.WHAT OTHER PEOPLE ARE SAYING:“Founders is the only podcast I pay for and it's worth 100x the cost.”“I've now listened to every episode. From this knowledge I've doubled my business to $500k a year. Love your passion and recommend your podcast to everyone.”“Without a doubt, the highest value-to-cost ratio I've taken advantage of in the last year is the Founders podcast premium feed. Tap into eons of knowledge and experiences, condensed into digestible portions. Highly, highly recommend. “Uniquely outstanding. No fluff and all substance. David does an outstanding job summarizing these biographies and hones in on the elements that make his subjects so unique among entrepreneurs. I particularly enjoy that he focuses on both the founder's positive and negative characteristics as a way of highlighting things to mimic and avoid.”“I just paid for my first premium podcast subscription for Founders podcast. Learning from those who came before us is one of the highest value ways to invest time. David does his homework and exponentially improves my efficiency by focusing on the most valuable lessons.”“I haven't found a better return on my time and money than your podcast for inspiration and time-tested wisdom to help me on my journey."I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested, so my poor wallet suffers.”"I can't get enough of your podcast. You add a new layer to the books I've already read and make connections to ones I haven't, but now must read."“I have listened to many podcasts on entrepreneurship (HIBT, Masters of Scale, etc.) and find Founders to be consistently more helpful than any other entrepreneurship podcast. David is a craftsperson, he carefully reads biographies of founders, distills the most important anecdotes and themes from their life, and draws commonalities across lives. David's focus is rightfully not on teaching you a formula to succeed but on constantly pushing you to think different.”“I highly highly recommend this podcast. Holy cow. I've been binge listening to these and you start to see patterns across all these incredible humans.”Listening to your podcast has changed my life and that is not a statement I make often.“After one episode I quickly joined the Misfit feed. Love the insight and thoughts shared along the way. David loves what he does and it shines through on the podcast. Definitely my go-to podcast now.”“It is worth every penny. I cannot put into words how fantastic this podcast is. Just stop reading this and get the full access.”“Personally it's one of my top 3 favorite podcasts. If you're into business and startups and technology, this is for you. David covers good books and I've come to really appreciate his perspective. Can't say enough good things.”“I quickly subscribed and it's honestly been the best money I've spent all year. It has inspired me to read biographies. Highly recommend.”“This is the most inspirational and best business podcast out there. David has inspired me to focus on biographies rather than general business books. I'm addicted.”“Anyone interested in business must find the time to listen to each any every Founders podcast. A high return on investment will be a virtual certainty. Subscribe and start listening as soon as possible.”“David saves you hundreds of hours by summarizing bios of legendary business founders and providing valuable insight on what makes an individual successful. He has introduced me to many founders I would have never known existed.”“The podcasts offer spectacular lessons on life, human nature and business achievement. David's enthusiasm and personal thoughts bring me joy. My journey has been enhanced by his efforts.”"Founders is the best self investment that I've made in years."UPGRADE to listen to the rest of this episode and gain access to 262 full length episodes.You will learn the key insights from biographies on Steve Jobs, Elon Musk, John D. Rockefeller, Coco Chanel, Andrew Carnegie, Enzo Ferrari, Estee Lauder, Jeff Bezos, Warren Buffett, Charlie Munger, Phil Knight, Joseph Pulitzer, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Alexander Graham Bell, Bill Gates, P.T. Barnum, Edwin Land, Henry Ford, Walter Chrysler, Thomas Edison, David Ogilvy, Ben Franklin, Howard Hughes, George Lucas, Levi Strauss, Walt Disney and so many more. You will learn from the founders of Nike, Patagonia, Apple, Microsoft, Hershey, General Motors, Ford, Standard Oil, Polaroid, Home Depot, MGM, Intel, Federal Express, Wal Mart, JP Morgan, Chrysler, Cadillac, Oracle, Hyundai, Seagram, Berkshire Hathaway, Teledyne, Adidas, Les Schwab, Renaissance Technologies, IKEA, Sony, Ferrari, and so many more. UPGRADE to listen to the rest of this episode and gain access to 262 full length episodes.
What I learned from reading When Money Was In Fashion: Henry Goldman, Goldman Sachs, and the Founding of Wall Street by June Breton Fisher.Listen to every full episode for $10 a month or $99 a year. The key ideas you'll learn pays for the subscription cost thousands of times over.WHAT OTHER PEOPLE ARE SAYING:“Founders is the only podcast I pay for and it's worth 100x the cost.”“I've now listened to every episode. From this knowledge I've doubled my business to $500k a year. Love your passion and recommend your podcast to everyone.”“Without a doubt, the highest value-to-cost ratio I've taken advantage of in the last year is the Founders podcast premium feed. Tap into eons of knowledge and experiences, condensed into digestible portions. Highly, highly recommend. “Uniquely outstanding. No fluff and all substance. David does an outstanding job summarizing these biographies and hones in on the elements that make his subjects so unique among entrepreneurs. I particularly enjoy that he focuses on both the founder's positive and negative characteristics as a way of highlighting things to mimic and avoid.”“I just paid for my first premium podcast subscription for Founders podcast. Learning from those who came before us is one of the highest value ways to invest time. David does his homework and exponentially improves my efficiency by focusing on the most valuable lessons.”“I haven't found a better return on my time and money than your podcast for inspiration and time-tested wisdom to help me on my journey."I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested, so my poor wallet suffers.”"I can't get enough of your podcast. You add a new layer to the books I've already read and make connections to ones I haven't, but now must read."“I have listened to many podcasts on entrepreneurship (HIBT, Masters of Scale, etc.) and find Founders to be consistently more helpful than any other entrepreneurship podcast. David is a craftsperson, he carefully reads biographies of founders, distills the most important anecdotes and themes from their life, and draws commonalities across lives. David's focus is rightfully not on teaching you a formula to succeed but on constantly pushing you to think different.”“I highly highly recommend this podcast. Holy cow. I've been binge listening to these and you start to see patterns across all these incredible humans.”Listening to your podcast has changed my life and that is not a statement I make often.“After one episode I quickly joined the Misfit feed. Love the insight and thoughts shared along the way. David loves what he does and it shines through on the podcast. Definitely my go-to podcast now.”“It is worth every penny. I cannot put into words how fantastic this podcast is. Just stop reading this and get the full access.”“Personally it's one of my top 3 favorite podcasts. If you're into business and startups and technology, this is for you. David covers good books and I've come to really appreciate his perspective. Can't say enough good things.”“I quickly subscribed and it's honestly been the best money I've spent all year. It has inspired me to read biographies. Highly recommend.”“This is the most inspirational and best business podcast out there. David has inspired me to focus on biographies rather than general business books. I'm addicted.”“Anyone interested in business must find the time to listen to each any every Founders podcast. A high return on investment will be a virtual certainty. Subscribe and start listening as soon as possible.”“David saves you hundreds of hours by summarizing bios of legendary business founders and providing valuable insight on what makes an individual successful. He has introduced me to many founders I would have never known existed.”“The podcasts offer spectacular lessons on life, human nature and business achievement. David's enthusiasm and personal thoughts bring me joy. My journey has been enhanced by his efforts.”"Founders is the best self investment that I've made in years."UPGRADE to listen to the rest of this episode and gain access to 261 full length episodes.You will learn the key insights from biographies on Steve Jobs, Elon Musk, John D. Rockefeller, Coco Chanel, Andrew Carnegie, Enzo Ferrari, Estee Lauder, Jeff Bezos, Warren Buffett, Charlie Munger, Phil Knight, Joseph Pulitzer, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Alexander Graham Bell, Bill Gates, P.T. Barnum, Edwin Land, Henry Ford, Walter Chrysler, Thomas Edison, David Ogilvy, Ben Franklin, Howard Hughes, George Lucas, Levi Strauss, Walt Disney and so many more. You will learn from the founders of Nike, Patagonia, Apple, Microsoft, Hershey, General Motors, Ford, Standard Oil, Polaroid, Home Depot, MGM, Intel, Federal Express, Wal Mart, JP Morgan, Chrysler, Cadillac, Oracle, Hyundai, Seagram, Berkshire Hathaway, Teledyne, Adidas, Les Schwab, Renaissance Technologies, IKEA, Sony, Ferrari, and so many more. UPGRADE to listen to the rest of this episode and gain access to 261 full length episodes.
What I learned from reading The Instant Image: Edwin Land and the Polaroid Experience by Mark Olshaker. (This is episode #132)Listen to every full episode for $10 a month or $99 a year. The key ideas you'll learn pays for the subscription cost thousands of times over.WHAT OTHER PEOPLE ARE SAYING:“Founders is the only podcast I pay for and it's worth 100x the cost.”“I've now listened to every episode. From this knowledge I've doubled my business to $500k a year. Love your passion and recommend your podcast to everyone.”“Without a doubt, the highest value-to-cost ratio I've taken advantage of in the last year is the Founders podcast premium feed. Tap into eons of knowledge and experiences, condensed into digestible portions. Highly, highly recommend. “Uniquely outstanding. No fluff and all substance. David does an outstanding job summarizing these biographies and hones in on the elements that make his subjects so unique among entrepreneurs. I particularly enjoy that he focuses on both the founder's positive and negative characteristics as a way of highlighting things to mimic and avoid.”“I just paid for my first premium podcast subscription for Founders podcast. Learning from those who came before us is one of the highest value ways to invest time. David does his homework and exponentially improves my efficiency by focusing on the most valuable lessons.”“I haven't found a better return on my time and money than your podcast for inspiration and time-tested wisdom to help me on my journey."I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested, so my poor wallet suffers.”"I can't get enough of your podcast. You add a new layer to the books I've already read and make connections to ones I haven't, but now must read."“I have listened to many podcasts on entrepreneurship (HIBT, Masters of Scale, etc.) and find Founders to be consistently more helpful than any other entrepreneurship podcast. David is a craftsperson, he carefully reads biographies of founders, distills the most important anecdotes and themes from their life, and draws commonalities across lives. David's focus is rightfully not on teaching you a formula to succeed but on constantly pushing you to think different.”“I highly highly recommend this podcast. Holy cow. I've been binge listening to these and you start to see patterns across all these incredible humans.”Listening to your podcast has changed my life and that is not a statement I make often.“After one episode I quickly joined the Misfit feed. Love the insight and thoughts shared along the way. David loves what he does and it shines through on the podcast. Definitely my go-to podcast now.”“It is worth every penny. I cannot put into words how fantastic this podcast is. Just stop reading this and get the full access.”“Personally it's one of my top 3 favorite podcasts. If you're into business and startups and technology, this is for you. David covers good books and I've come to really appreciate his perspective. Can't say enough good things.”“I quickly subscribed and it's honestly been the best money I've spent all year. It has inspired me to read biographies. Highly recommend.”“This is the most inspirational and best business podcast out there. David has inspired me to focus on biographies rather than general business books. I'm addicted.”“Anyone interested in business must find the time to listen to each any every Founders podcast. A high return on investment will be a virtual certainty. Subscribe and start listening as soon as possible.”“David saves you hundreds of hours by summarizing bios of legendary business founders and providing valuable insight on what makes an individual successful. He has introduced me to many founders I would have never known existed.”“The podcasts offer spectacular lessons on life, human nature and business achievement. David's enthusiasm and personal thoughts bring me joy. My journey has been enhanced by his efforts.”"Founders is the best self investment that I've made in years."UPGRADE to listen to the rest of this episode and gain access to 260 full length episodes.You will learn the key insights from biographies on Steve Jobs, Elon Musk, John D. Rockefeller, Coco Chanel, Andrew Carnegie, Enzo Ferrari, Estee Lauder, Jeff Bezos, Warren Buffett, Charlie Munger, Phil Knight, Joseph Pulitzer, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Alexander Graham Bell, Bill Gates, P.T. Barnum, Edwin Land, Henry Ford, Walter Chrysler, Thomas Edison, David Ogilvy, Ben Franklin, Howard Hughes, George Lucas, Levi Strauss, Walt Disney and so many more. You will learn from the founders of Nike, Patagonia, Apple, Microsoft, Hershey, General Motors, Ford, Standard Oil, Polaroid, Home Depot, MGM, Intel, Federal Express, Wal Mart, JP Morgan, Chrysler, Cadillac, Oracle, Hyundai, Seagram, Berkshire Hathaway, Teledyne, Adidas, Les Schwab, Renaissance Technologies, IKEA, Sony, Ferrari, and so many more. UPGRADE to listen to the rest of this episode and gain access to 260 full length episodes.
What I learned from reading Socrates: A Man for Our Times by Paul Johnson.Listen to every full episode for $10 a month or $99 a year. The key ideas you'll learn pays for the subscription cost thousands of times over.WHAT OTHER PEOPLE ARE SAYING:“Founders is the only podcast I pay for and it's worth 100x the cost.”“I've now listened to every episode. From this knowledge I've doubled my business to $500k a year. Love your passion and recommend your podcast to everyone.”“Without a doubt, the highest value-to-cost ratio I've taken advantage of in the last year is the Founders podcast premium feed. Tap into eons of knowledge and experiences, condensed into digestible portions. Highly, highly recommend. “Uniquely outstanding. No fluff and all substance. David does an outstanding job summarizing these biographies and hones in on the elements that make his subjects so unique among entrepreneurs. I particularly enjoy that he focuses on both the founder's positive and negative characteristics as a way of highlighting things to mimic and avoid.”“I just paid for my first premium podcast subscription for Founders podcast. Learning from those who came before us is one of the highest value ways to invest time. David does his homework and exponentially improves my efficiency by focusing on the most valuable lessons.”“I haven't found a better return on my time and money than your podcast for inspiration and time-tested wisdom to help me on my journey."I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested, so my poor wallet suffers.”"I can't get enough of your podcast. You add a new layer to the books I've already read and make connections to ones I haven't, but now must read."“I have listened to many podcasts on entrepreneurship (HIBT, Masters of Scale, etc.) and find Founders to be consistently more helpful than any other entrepreneurship podcast. David is a craftsperson, he carefully reads biographies of founders, distills the most important anecdotes and themes from their life, and draws commonalities across lives. David's focus is rightfully not on teaching you a formula to succeed but on constantly pushing you to think different.”“I highly highly recommend this podcast. Holy cow. I've been binge listening to these and you start to see patterns across all these incredible humans.”Listening to your podcast has changed my life and that is not a statement I make often.“After one episode I quickly joined the Misfit feed. Love the insight and thoughts shared along the way. David loves what he does and it shines through on the podcast. Definitely my go-to podcast now.”“It is worth every penny. I cannot put into words how fantastic this podcast is. Just stop reading this and get the full access.”“Personally it's one of my top 3 favorite podcasts. If you're into business and startups and technology, this is for you. David covers good books and I've come to really appreciate his perspective. Can't say enough good things.”“I quickly subscribed and it's honestly been the best money I've spent all year. It has inspired me to read biographies. Highly recommend.”“This is the most inspirational and best business podcast out there. David has inspired me to focus on biographies rather than general business books. I'm addicted.”“Anyone interested in business must find the time to listen to each any every Founders podcast. A high return on investment will be a virtual certainty. Subscribe and start listening as soon as possible.”“David saves you hundreds of hours by summarizing bios of legendary business founders and providing valuable insight on what makes an individual successful. He has introduced me to many founders I would have never known existed.”“The podcasts offer spectacular lessons on life, human nature and business achievement. David's enthusiasm and personal thoughts bring me joy. My journey has been enhanced by his efforts.”"Founders is the best self investment that I've made in years."UPGRADE to listen to the rest of this episode and gain access to 260 full length episodes.You will learn the key insights from biographies on Steve Jobs, Elon Musk, John D. Rockefeller, Coco Chanel, Andrew Carnegie, Enzo Ferrari, Estee Lauder, Jeff Bezos, Warren Buffett, Charlie Munger, Phil Knight, Joseph Pulitzer, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Alexander Graham Bell, Bill Gates, P.T. Barnum, Edwin Land, Henry Ford, Walter Chrysler, Thomas Edison, David Ogilvy, Ben Franklin, Howard Hughes, George Lucas, Levi Strauss, Walt Disney and so many more. You will learn from the founders of Nike, Patagonia, Apple, Microsoft, Hershey, General Motors, Ford, Standard Oil, Polaroid, Home Depot, MGM, Intel, Federal Express, Wal Mart, JP Morgan, Chrysler, Cadillac, Oracle, Hyundai, Seagram, Berkshire Hathaway, Teledyne, Adidas, Les Schwab, Renaissance Technologies, IKEA, Sony, Ferrari, and so many more. UPGRADE to listen to the rest of this episode and gain access to 260 full length episodes.
What I learned from reading Franklin & Washington: The Founding Partnership by Edward Larson.Listen to every full episode for $10 a month or $99 a year. The key ideas you'll learn pays for the subscription cost thousands of times over.WHAT OTHER PEOPLE ARE SAYING:“Founders is the only podcast I pay for and it's worth 100x the cost.”“I've now listened to every episode. From this knowledge I've doubled my business to $500k a year. Love your passion and recommend your podcast to everyone.”“Without a doubt, the highest value-to-cost ratio I've taken advantage of in the last year is the Founders podcast premium feed. Tap into eons of knowledge and experiences, condensed into digestible portions. Highly, highly recommend. “Uniquely outstanding. No fluff and all substance. David does an outstanding job summarizing these biographies and hones in on the elements that make his subjects so unique among entrepreneurs. I particularly enjoy that he focuses on both the founder's positive and negative characteristics as a way of highlighting things to mimic and avoid.”“I just paid for my first premium podcast subscription for Founders podcast. Learning from those who came before us is one of the highest value ways to invest time. David does his homework and exponentially improves my efficiency by focusing on the most valuable lessons.”“I haven't found a better return on my time and money than your podcast for inspiration and time-tested wisdom to help me on my journey."I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested, so my poor wallet suffers.”"I can't get enough of your podcast. You add a new layer to the books I've already read and make connections to ones I haven't, but now must read."“I have listened to many podcasts on entrepreneurship (HIBT, Masters of Scale, etc.) and find Founders to be consistently more helpful than any other entrepreneurship podcast. David is a craftsperson, he carefully reads biographies of founders, distills the most important anecdotes and themes from their life, and draws commonalities across lives. David's focus is rightfully not on teaching you a formula to succeed but on constantly pushing you to think different.”“I highly highly recommend this podcast. Holy cow. I've been binge listening to these and you start to see patterns across all these incredible humans.”Listening to your podcast has changed my life and that is not a statement I make often.“After one episode I quickly joined the Misfit feed. Love the insight and thoughts shared along the way. David loves what he does and it shines through on the podcast. Definitely my go-to podcast now.”“It is worth every penny. I cannot put into words how fantastic this podcast is. Just stop reading this and get the full access.”“Personally it's one of my top 3 favorite podcasts. If you're into business and startups and technology, this is for you. David covers good books and I've come to really appreciate his perspective. Can't say enough good things.”“I quickly subscribed and it's honestly been the best money I've spent all year. It has inspired me to read biographies. Highly recommend.”“This is the most inspirational and best business podcast out there. David has inspired me to focus on biographies rather than general business books. I'm addicted.”“Anyone interested in business must find the time to listen to each any every Founders podcast. A high return on investment will be a virtual certainty. Subscribe and start listening as soon as possible.”“David saves you hundreds of hours by summarizing bios of legendary business founders and providing valuable insight on what makes an individual successful. He has introduced me to many founders I would have never known existed.”“The podcasts offer spectacular lessons on life, human nature and business achievement. David's enthusiasm and personal thoughts bring me joy. My journey has been enhanced by his efforts.”"Founders is the best self investment that I've made in years."UPGRADE to listen to the rest of this episode and gain access to 259 full length episodes.You will learn the key insights from biographies on Steve Jobs, Elon Musk, John D. Rockefeller, Coco Chanel, Andrew Carnegie, Enzo Ferrari, Estee Lauder, Jeff Bezos, Warren Buffett, Charlie Munger, Phil Knight, Joseph Pulitzer, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Alexander Graham Bell, Bill Gates, P.T. Barnum, Edwin Land, Henry Ford, Walter Chrysler, Thomas Edison, David Ogilvy, Ben Franklin, Howard Hughes, George Lucas, Levi Strauss, Walt Disney and so many more. You will learn from the founders of Nike, Patagonia, Apple, Microsoft, Hershey, General Motors, Ford, Standard Oil, Polaroid, Home Depot, MGM, Intel, Federal Express, Wal Mart, JP Morgan, Chrysler, Cadillac, Oracle, Hyundai, Seagram, Berkshire Hathaway, Teledyne, Adidas, Les Schwab, Renaissance Technologies, IKEA, Sony, Ferrari, and so many more. UPGRADE to listen to the rest of this episode and gain access to 259 full length episodes.
What I learned from reading The Richest Man Who Ever Lived: The Life and Times of Jacob Fugger by Greg Steinmetz.Listen to every full episode for $10 a month or $99 a year. The key ideas you'll learn pays for the subscription cost thousands of times over.WHAT OTHER PEOPLE ARE SAYING:“Founders is the only podcast I pay for and it's worth 100x the cost.”“I've now listened to every episode. From this knowledge I've doubled my business to $500k a year. Love your passion and recommend your podcast to everyone.”“Without a doubt, the highest value-to-cost ratio I've taken advantage of in the last year is the Founders podcast premium feed. Tap into eons of knowledge and experiences, condensed into digestible portions. Highly, highly recommend. “Uniquely outstanding. No fluff and all substance. David does an outstanding job summarizing these biographies and hones in on the elements that make his subjects so unique among entrepreneurs. I particularly enjoy that he focuses on both the founder's positive and negative characteristics as a way of highlighting things to mimic and avoid.”“I just paid for my first premium podcast subscription for Founders podcast. Learning from those who came before us is one of the highest value ways to invest time. David does his homework and exponentially improves my efficiency by focusing on the most valuable lessons.”“I haven't found a better return on my time and money than your podcast for inspiration and time-tested wisdom to help me on my journey."I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested, so my poor wallet suffers.”"I can't get enough of your podcast. You add a new layer to the books I've already read and make connections to ones I haven't, but now must read."“I have listened to many podcasts on entrepreneurship (HIBT, Masters of Scale, etc.) and find Founders to be consistently more helpful than any other entrepreneurship podcast. David is a craftsperson, he carefully reads biographies of founders, distills the most important anecdotes and themes from their life, and draws commonalities across lives. David's focus is rightfully not on teaching you a formula to succeed but on constantly pushing you to think different.”“I highly highly recommend this podcast. Holy cow. I've been binge listening to these and you start to see patterns across all these incredible humans.”Listening to your podcast has changed my life and that is not a statement I make often.“After one episode I quickly joined the Misfit feed. Love the insight and thoughts shared along the way. David loves what he does and it shines through on the podcast. Definitely my go-to podcast now.”“It is worth every penny. I cannot put into words how fantastic this podcast is. Just stop reading this and get the full access.”“Personally it's one of my top 3 favorite podcasts. If you're into business and startups and technology, this is for you. David covers good books and I've come to really appreciate his perspective. Can't say enough good things.”“I quickly subscribed and it's honestly been the best money I've spent all year. It has inspired me to read biographies. Highly recommend.”“This is the most inspirational and best business podcast out there. David has inspired me to focus on biographies rather than general business books. I'm addicted.”“Anyone interested in business must find the time to listen to each any every Founders podcast. A high return on investment will be a virtual certainty. Subscribe and start listening as soon as possible.”“David saves you hundreds of hours by summarizing bios of legendary business founders and providing valuable insight on what makes an individual successful. He has introduced me to many founders I would have never known existed.”“The podcasts offer spectacular lessons on life, human nature and business achievement. David's enthusiasm and personal thoughts bring me joy. My journey has been enhanced by his efforts.”"Founders is the best self investment that I've made in years."UPGRADE to listen to the rest of this episode and gain access to 258 full length episodes.You will learn the key insights from biographies on Steve Jobs, Elon Musk, John D. Rockefeller, Coco Chanel, Andrew Carnegie, Enzo Ferrari, Estee Lauder, Jeff Bezos, Warren Buffett, Charlie Munger, Phil Knight, Joseph Pulitzer, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Alexander Graham Bell, Bill Gates, P.T. Barnum, Edwin Land, Henry Ford, Walter Chrysler, Thomas Edison, David Ogilvy, Ben Franklin, Howard Hughes, George Lucas, Levi Strauss, Walt Disney and so many more. You will learn from the founders of Nike, Patagonia, Apple, Microsoft, Hershey, General Motors, Ford, Standard Oil, Polaroid, Home Depot, MGM, Intel, Federal Express, Wal Mart, JP Morgan, Chrysler, Cadillac, Oracle, Hyundai, Seagram, Berkshire Hathaway, Teledyne, Adidas, Les Schwab, Renaissance Technologies, IKEA, Sony, Ferrari, and so many more. UPGRADE to listen to the rest of this episode and gain access to 258 full length episodes.
What I learned from reading The Richest Woman in America: Hetty Green in the Gilded Age by Janet Wallach. (This is episode #103 on the Misfit Feed!)Listen to every full episode for $10 a month or $99 a year. The key ideas you'll learn pays for the subscription cost thousands of times over. WHAT OTHER PEOPLE ARE SAYING:“Founders is the only podcast I pay for and it's worth 100x the cost.”“I've now listened to every episode. From this knowledge I've doubled my business to $500k a year. Love your passion and recommend your podcast to everyone.”“Without a doubt, the highest value-to-cost ratio I've taken advantage of in the last year is the Founders podcast premium feed. Tap into eons of knowledge and experiences, condensed into digestible portions. Highly, highly recommend. “Uniquely outstanding. No fluff and all substance. David does an outstanding job summarizing these biographies and hones in on the elements that make his subjects so unique among entrepreneurs. I particularly enjoy that he focuses on both the founder's positive and negative characteristics as a way of highlighting things to mimic and avoid.”“I just paid for my first premium podcast subscription for Founders podcast. Learning from those who came before us is one of the highest value ways to invest time. David does his homework and exponentially improves my efficiency by focusing on the most valuable lessons.”“I haven't found a better return on my time and money than your podcast for inspiration and time-tested wisdom to help me on my journey."I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested, so my poor wallet suffers.”"I can't get enough of your podcast. You add a new layer to the books I've already read and make connections to ones I haven't, but now must read."“I have listened to many podcasts on entrepreneurship (HIBT, Masters of Scale, etc.) and find Founders to be consistently more helpful than any other entrepreneurship podcast. David is a craftsperson, he carefully reads biographies of founders, distills the most important anecdotes and themes from their life, and draws commonalities across lives. David's focus is rightfully not on teaching you a formula to succeed but on constantly pushing you to think different.”“I highly highly recommend this podcast. Holy cow. I've been binge listening to these and you start to see patterns across all these incredible humans.”Listening to your podcast has changed my life and that is not a statement I make often.“After one episode I quickly joined the Misfit feed. Love the insight and thoughts shared along the way. David loves what he does and it shines through on the podcast. Definitely my go-to podcast now.”“It is worth every penny. I cannot put into words how fantastic this podcast is. Just stop reading this and get the full access.”“Personally it's one of my top 3 favorite podcasts. If you're into business and startups and technology, this is for you. David covers good books and I've come to really appreciate his perspective. Can't say enough good things.”“I quickly subscribed and it's honestly been the best money I've spent all year. It has inspired me to read biographies. Highly recommend.”“This is the most inspirational and best business podcast out there. David has inspired me to focus on biographies rather than general business books. I'm addicted.”“Anyone interested in business must find the time to listen to each any every Founders podcast. A high return on investment will be a virtual certainty. Subscribe and start listening as soon as possible.”“David saves you hundreds of hours by summarizing bios of legendary business founders and providing valuable insight on what makes an individual successful. He has introduced me to many founders I would have never known existed.”“The podcasts offer spectacular lessons on life, human nature and business achievement. David's enthusiasm and personal thoughts bring me joy. My journey has been enhanced by his efforts.”"Founders is the best self investment that I've made in years."UPGRADE to listen to the rest of this episode and gain access to 257 full length episodes.You will learn the key insights from biographies on Steve Jobs, Elon Musk, John D. Rockefeller, Coco Chanel, Andrew Carnegie, Enzo Ferrari, Estee Lauder, Jeff Bezos, Warren Buffett, Charlie Munger, Phil Knight, Joseph Pulitzer, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Alexander Graham Bell, Bill Gates, P.T. Barnum, Edwin Land, Henry Ford, Walter Chrysler, Thomas Edison, David Ogilvy, Ben Franklin, Howard Hughes, George Lucas, Levi Strauss, Walt Disney and so many more. You will learn from the founders of Nike, Patagonia, Apple, Microsoft, Hershey, General Motors, Ford, Standard Oil, Polaroid, Home Depot, MGM, Intel, Federal Express, Wal Mart, JP Morgan, Chrysler, Cadillac, Oracle, Hyundai, Seagram, Berkshire Hathaway, Teledyne, Adidas, Les Schwab, Renaissance Technologies, IKEA, Sony, Ferrari, and so many more. UPGRADE to listen to the rest of this episode and gain access to 257 full length episodes.
What I learned from reading I, Steve: Steve Jobs In His Own Words by George Beahm.Listen to every full episode for $10 a month or $99 a year. The key ideas you'll learn pays for the subscription cost thousands of times over.WHAT OTHER PEOPLE ARE SAYING:“Founders is the only podcast I pay for and it's worth 100x the cost.”“I've now listened to every episode. From this knowledge I've doubled my business to $500k a year. Love your passion and recommend your podcast to everyone.”“Without a doubt, the highest value-to-cost ratio I've taken advantage of in the last year is the Founders podcast premium feed. Tap into eons of knowledge and experiences, condensed into digestible portions. Highly, highly recommend. “Uniquely outstanding. No fluff and all substance. David does an outstanding job summarizing these biographies and hones in on the elements that make his subjects so unique among entrepreneurs. I particularly enjoy that he focuses on both the founder's positive and negative characteristics as a way of highlighting things to mimic and avoid.”“I just paid for my first premium podcast subscription for Founders podcast. Learning from those who came before us is one of the highest value ways to invest time. David does his homework and exponentially improves my efficiency by focusing on the most valuable lessons.”“I haven't found a better return on my time and money than your podcast for inspiration and time-tested wisdom to help me on my journey."I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested, so my poor wallet suffers.”"I can't get enough of your podcast. You add a new layer to the books I've already read and make connections to ones I haven't, but now must read."“I have listened to many podcasts on entrepreneurship (HIBT, Masters of Scale, etc.) and find Founders to be consistently more helpful than any other entrepreneurship podcast. David is a craftsperson, he carefully reads biographies of founders, distills the most important anecdotes and themes from their life, and draws commonalities across lives. David's focus is rightfully not on teaching you a formula to succeed but on constantly pushing you to think different.”“I highly highly recommend this podcast. Holy cow. I've been binge listening to these and you start to see patterns across all these incredible humans.”Listening to your podcast has changed my life and that is not a statement I make often.“After one episode I quickly joined the Misfit feed. Love the insight and thoughts shared along the way. David loves what he does and it shines through on the podcast. Definitely my go-to podcast now.”“It is worth every penny. I cannot put into words how fantastic this podcast is. Just stop reading this and get the full access.”“Personally it's one of my top 3 favorite podcasts. If you're into business and startups and technology, this is for you. David covers good books and I've come to really appreciate his perspective. Can't say enough good things.”“I quickly subscribed and it's honestly been the best money I've spent all year. It has inspired me to read biographies. Highly recommend.”“This is the most inspirational and best business podcast out there. David has inspired me to focus on biographies rather than general business books. I'm addicted.”“Anyone interested in business must find the time to listen to each any every Founders podcast. A high return on investment will be a virtual certainty. Subscribe and start listening as soon as possible.”“David saves you hundreds of hours by summarizing bios of legendary business founders and providing valuable insight on what makes an individual successful. He has introduced me to many founders I would have never known existed.”“The podcasts offer spectacular lessons on life, human nature and business achievement. David's enthusiasm and personal thoughts bring me joy. My journey has been enhanced by his efforts.”"Founders is the best self investment that I've made in years."UPGRADE to listen to the rest of this episode and gain access to 257 full length episodes.You will learn the key insights from biographies on Steve Jobs, Elon Musk, John D. Rockefeller, Coco Chanel, Andrew Carnegie, Enzo Ferrari, Estee Lauder, Jeff Bezos, Warren Buffett, Charlie Munger, Phil Knight, Joseph Pulitzer, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Alexander Graham Bell, Bill Gates, P.T. Barnum, Edwin Land, Henry Ford, Walter Chrysler, Thomas Edison, David Ogilvy, Ben Franklin, Howard Hughes, George Lucas, Levi Strauss, Walt Disney and so many more. You will learn from the founders of Nike, Patagonia, Apple, Microsoft, Hershey, General Motors, Ford, Standard Oil, Polaroid, Home Depot, MGM, Intel, Federal Express, Wal Mart, JP Morgan, Chrysler, Cadillac, Oracle, Hyundai, Seagram, Berkshire Hathaway, Teledyne, Adidas, Les Schwab, Renaissance Technologies, IKEA, Sony, Ferrari, and so many more. UPGRADE to listen to the rest of this episode and gain access to 257 full length episodes.
What I learned from reading Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller by Ron Chernow. Listen to every full episode for $10 a month or $99 a year. The key ideas you'll learn pays for the subscription cost thousands of times over.WHAT OTHER PEOPLE ARE SAYING:“Founders is the only podcast I pay for and it's worth 100x the cost.”“I've now listened to every episode. From this knowledge I've doubled my business to $500k a year. Love your passion and recommend your podcast to everyone.”“Without a doubt, the highest value-to-cost ratio I've taken advantage of in the last year is the Founders podcast premium feed. Tap into eons of knowledge and experiences, condensed into digestible portions. Highly, highly recommend. “Uniquely outstanding. No fluff and all substance. David does an outstanding job summarizing these biographies and hones in on the elements that make his subjects so unique among entrepreneurs. I particularly enjoy that he focuses on both the founder's positive and negative characteristics as a way of highlighting things to mimic and avoid.”“I just paid for my first premium podcast subscription for Founders podcast. Learning from those who came before us is one of the highest value ways to invest time. David does his homework and exponentially improves my efficiency by focusing on the most valuable lessons.”“I haven't found a better return on my time and money than your podcast for inspiration and time-tested wisdom to help me on my journey."I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested, so my poor wallet suffers.”"I can't get enough of your podcast. You add a new layer to the books I've already read and make connections to ones I haven't, but now must read."“I have listened to many podcasts on entrepreneurship (HIBT, Masters of Scale, etc.) and find Founders to be consistently more helpful than any other entrepreneurship podcast. David is a craftsperson, he carefully reads biographies of founders, distills the most important anecdotes and themes from their life, and draws commonalities across lives. David's focus is rightfully not on teaching you a formula to succeed but on constantly pushing you to think different.”“I highly highly recommend this podcast. Holy cow. I've been binge listening to these and you start to see patterns across all these incredible humans.”Listening to your podcast has changed my life and that is not a statement I make often.“After one episode I quickly joined the Misfit feed. Love the insight and thoughts shared along the way. David loves what he does and it shines through on the podcast. Definitely my go-to podcast now.”“It is worth every penny. I cannot put into words how fantastic this podcast is. Just stop reading this and get the full access.”“Personally it's one of my top 3 favorite podcasts. If you're into business and startups and technology, this is for you. David covers good books and I've come to really appreciate his perspective. Can't say enough good things.”“I quickly subscribed and it's honestly been the best money I've spent all year. It has inspired me to read biographies. Highly recommend.”“This is the most inspirational and best business podcast out there. David has inspired me to focus on biographies rather than general business books. I'm addicted.”“Anyone interested in business must find the time to listen to each any every Founders podcast. A high return on investment will be a virtual certainty. Subscribe and start listening as soon as possible.”“David saves you hundreds of hours by summarizing bios of legendary business founders and providing valuable insight on what makes an individual successful. He has introduced me to many founders I would have never known existed.”“The podcasts offer spectacular lessons on life, human nature and business achievement. David's enthusiasm and personal thoughts bring me joy. My journey has been enhanced by his efforts.”"Founders is the best self investment that I've made in years."UPGRADE to listen to the rest of this episode and gain access to 256 full length episodes.You will learn the key insights from biographies on Steve Jobs, Elon Musk, John D. Rockefeller, Coco Chanel, Andrew Carnegie, Enzo Ferrari, Estee Lauder, Jeff Bezos, Warren Buffett, Charlie Munger, Phil Knight, Joseph Pulitzer, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Alexander Graham Bell, Bill Gates, P.T. Barnum, Edwin Land, Henry Ford, Walter Chrysler, Thomas Edison, David Ogilvy, Ben Franklin, Howard Hughes, George Lucas, Levi Strauss, Walt Disney and so many more. You will learn from the founders of Nike, Patagonia, Apple, Microsoft, Hershey, General Motors, Ford, Standard Oil, Polaroid, Home Depot, MGM, Intel, Federal Express, Wal Mart, JP Morgan, Chrysler, Cadillac, Oracle, Hyundai, Seagram, Berkshire Hathaway, Teledyne, Adidas, Les Schwab, Renaissance Technologies, IKEA, Sony, Ferrari, and so many more. UPGRADE to listen to the rest of this episode and gain access to 256 full length episodes.
What have been the gravest threats to a free press over the nation's history? And how can the past tell us how to safeguard our access to information today? On this second episode in a three-part series on free speech, Heather and Joanne discuss the 1837 murder of abolitionist journalist Elijah P. Lovejoy, the role of Joseph Pulitzer in the creation of the independent press, and the rise and fall of the Fairness Doctrine. Join CAFE Insider to listen to “Backstage,” where Heather and Joanne chat each week about the anecdotes and ideas that formed the episode. Head to: cafe.com/history For more historical analysis of current events, sign up for the free weekly CAFE Brief newsletter, featuring Time Machine, a weekly article that dives into an historical event inspired by each episode of Now & Then: cafe.com/brief For references & supplemental materials, head to: cafe.com/now-and-then/free-speech-the-power-of-an-independent-press Now & Then is presented by CAFE and the Vox Media Podcast Network. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices
What I learned from reading Enzo Ferrari: Power, Politics, and the Making of an Automobile Empire by Luca Dal Monte.Listen to every full episode for $10 a month or $99 a year. The key ideas you'll learn pays for the subscription cost thousands of times over.WHAT OTHER PEOPLE ARE SAYING:“Founders is the only podcast I pay for and it's worth 100x the cost.”“I've now listened to every episode. From this knowledge I've doubled my business to $500k a year. Love your passion and recommend your podcast to everyone.”“Without a doubt, the highest value-to-cost ratio I've taken advantage of in the last year is the Founders podcast premium feed. Tap into eons of knowledge and experiences, condensed into digestible portions. Highly, highly recommend. “Uniquely outstanding. No fluff and all substance. David does an outstanding job summarizing these biographies and hones in on the elements that make his subjects so unique among entrepreneurs. I particularly enjoy that he focuses on both the founder's positive and negative characteristics as a way of highlighting things to mimic and avoid.”“I just paid for my first premium podcast subscription for Founders podcast. Learning from those who came before us is one of the highest value ways to invest time. David does his homework and exponentially improves my efficiency by focusing on the most valuable lessons.”“I haven't found a better return on my time and money than your podcast for inspiration and time-tested wisdom to help me on my journey."I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested, so my poor wallet suffers.”"I can't get enough of your podcast. You add a new layer to the books I've already read and make connections to ones I haven't, but now must read."“I have listened to many podcasts on entrepreneurship (HIBT, Masters of Scale, etc.) and find Founders to be consistently more helpful than any other entrepreneurship podcast. David is a craftsperson, he carefully reads biographies of founders, distills the most important anecdotes and themes from their life, and draws commonalities across lives. David's focus is rightfully not on teaching you a formula to succeed but on constantly pushing you to think different.”“I highly highly recommend this podcast. Holy cow. I've been binge listening to these and you start to see patterns across all these incredible humans.”Listening to your podcast has changed my life and that is not a statement I make often.“After one episode I quickly joined the Misfit feed. Love the insight and thoughts shared along the way. David loves what he does and it shines through on the podcast. Definitely my go-to podcast now.”“It is worth every penny. I cannot put into words how fantastic this podcast is. Just stop reading this and get the full access.”“Personally it's one of my top 3 favorite podcasts. If you're into business and startups and technology, this is for you. David covers good books and I've come to really appreciate his perspective. Can't say enough good things.”“I quickly subscribed and it's honestly been the best money I've spent all year. It has inspired me to read biographies. Highly recommend.”“This is the most inspirational and best business podcast out there. David has inspired me to focus on biographies rather than general business books. I'm addicted.”“Anyone interested in business must find the time to listen to each any every Founders podcast. A high return on investment will be a virtual certainty. Subscribe and start listening as soon as possible.”“David saves you hundreds of hours by summarizing bios of legendary business founders and providing valuable insight on what makes an individual successful. He has introduced me to many founders I would have never known existed.”“The podcasts offer spectacular lessons on life, human nature and business achievement. David's enthusiasm and personal thoughts bring me joy. My journey has been enhanced by his efforts.”"Founders is the best self investment that I've made in years."UPGRADE to listen to the rest of this episode and gain access to 255 full length episodes.You will learn the key insights from biographies on Steve Jobs, Elon Musk, John D. Rockefeller, Coco Chanel, Andrew Carnegie, Enzo Ferrari, Estee Lauder, Jeff Bezos, Warren Buffett, Charlie Munger, Phil Knight, Joseph Pulitzer, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Alexander Graham Bell, Bill Gates, P.T. Barnum, Edwin Land, Henry Ford, Walter Chrysler, Thomas Edison, David Ogilvy, Ben Franklin, Howard Hughes, George Lucas, Levi Strauss, Walt Disney and so many more. You will learn from the founders of Nike, Patagonia, Apple, Microsoft, Hershey, General Motors, Ford, Standard Oil, Polaroid, Home Depot, MGM, Intel, Federal Express, Wal Mart, JP Morgan, Chrysler, Cadillac, Oracle, Hyundai, Seagram, Berkshire Hathaway, Teledyne, Adidas, Les Schwab, Renaissance Technologies, IKEA, Sony, Ferrari, and so many more. UPGRADE to listen to the rest of this episode and gain access to 255 full length episodes.
What I learned from reading Last Train to Paradise: Henry Flagler and the Spectacular Rise and Fall of the Railroad that Crossed an Ocean by Les Standiford.Listen to every full episode for $10 a month or $99 a year. The key ideas you'll learn pays for the subscription cost thousands of times over.WHAT OTHER PEOPLE ARE SAYING:“Founders is the only podcast I pay for and it's worth 100x the cost.”“I've now listened to every episode. From this knowledge I've doubled my business to $500k a year. Love your passion and recommend your podcast to everyone.”“Without a doubt, the highest value-to-cost ratio I've taken advantage of in the last year is the Founders podcast premium feed. Tap into eons of knowledge and experiences, condensed into digestible portions. Highly, highly recommend. “Uniquely outstanding. No fluff and all substance. David does an outstanding job summarizing these biographies and hones in on the elements that make his subjects so unique among entrepreneurs. I particularly enjoy that he focuses on both the founder's positive and negative characteristics as a way of highlighting things to mimic and avoid.”“I just paid for my first premium podcast subscription for Founders podcast. Learning from those who came before us is one of the highest value ways to invest time. David does his homework and exponentially improves my efficiency by focusing on the most valuable lessons.”“I haven't found a better return on my time and money than your podcast for inspiration and time-tested wisdom to help me on my journey."I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested, so my poor wallet suffers.”"I can't get enough of your podcast. You add a new layer to the books I've already read and make connections to ones I haven't, but now must read."“I have listened to many podcasts on entrepreneurship (HIBT, Masters of Scale, etc.) and find Founders to be consistently more helpful than any other entrepreneurship podcast. David is a craftsperson, he carefully reads biographies of founders, distills the most important anecdotes and themes from their life, and draws commonalities across lives. David's focus is rightfully not on teaching you a formula to succeed but on constantly pushing you to think different.”“I highly highly recommend this podcast. Holy cow. I've been binge listening to these and you start to see patterns across all these incredible humans.”Listening to your podcast has changed my life and that is not a statement I make often.“After one episode I quickly joined the Misfit feed. Love the insight and thoughts shared along the way. David loves what he does and it shines through on the podcast. Definitely my go-to podcast now.”“It is worth every penny. I cannot put into words how fantastic this podcast is. Just stop reading this and get the full access.”“Personally it's one of my top 3 favorite podcasts. If you're into business and startups and technology, this is for you. David covers good books and I've come to really appreciate his perspective. Can't say enough good things.”“I quickly subscribed and it's honestly been the best money I've spent all year. It has inspired me to read biographies. Highly recommend.”“This is the most inspirational and best business podcast out there. David has inspired me to focus on biographies rather than general business books. I'm addicted.”“Anyone interested in business must find the time to listen to each any every Founders podcast. A high return on investment will be a virtual certainty. Subscribe and start listening as soon as possible.”“David saves you hundreds of hours by summarizing bios of legendary business founders and providing valuable insight on what makes an individual successful. He has introduced me to many founders I would have never known existed.”“The podcasts offer spectacular lessons on life, human nature and business achievement. David's enthusiasm and personal thoughts bring me joy. My journey has been enhanced by his efforts.”"Founders is the best self investment that I've made in years."UPGRADE to listen to the rest of this episode and gain access to 255 full length episodes.You will learn the key insights from biographies on Steve Jobs, Elon Musk, John D. Rockefeller, Coco Chanel, Andrew Carnegie, Enzo Ferrari, Estee Lauder, Jeff Bezos, Warren Buffett, Charlie Munger, Phil Knight, Joseph Pulitzer, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Alexander Graham Bell, Bill Gates, P.T. Barnum, Edwin Land, Henry Ford, Walter Chrysler, Thomas Edison, David Ogilvy, Ben Franklin, Howard Hughes, George Lucas, Levi Strauss, Walt Disney and so many more. You will learn from the founders of Nike, Patagonia, Apple, Microsoft, Hershey, General Motors, Ford, Standard Oil, Polaroid, Home Depot, MGM, Intel, Federal Express, Wal Mart, JP Morgan, Chrysler, Cadillac, Oracle, Hyundai, Seagram, Berkshire Hathaway, Teledyne, Adidas, Les Schwab, Renaissance Technologies, IKEA, Sony, Ferrari, and so many more. UPGRADE to listen to the rest of this episode and gain access to 255 full length episodes.
What I learned from reading Land's Polaroid: A Company and The Man Who Invented It by Peter C. Wensberg.Listen to every full episode for $10 a month or $99 a year. The key ideas you'll learn pays for the subscription cost thousands of times over.WHAT OTHER PEOPLE ARE SAYING:“Founders is the only podcast I pay for and it's worth 100x the cost.”“I've now listened to every episode. From this knowledge I've doubled my business to $500k a year. Love your passion and recommend your podcast to everyone.”“Without a doubt, the highest value-to-cost ratio I've taken advantage of in the last year is the Founders podcast premium feed. Tap into eons of knowledge and experiences, condensed into digestible portions. Highly, highly recommend. “Uniquely outstanding. No fluff and all substance. David does an outstanding job summarizing these biographies and hones in on the elements that make his subjects so unique among entrepreneurs. I particularly enjoy that he focuses on both the founder's positive and negative characteristics as a way of highlighting things to mimic and avoid.”“I just paid for my first premium podcast subscription for Founders podcast. Learning from those who came before us is one of the highest value ways to invest time. David does his homework and exponentially improves my efficiency by focusing on the most valuable lessons.”“I haven't found a better return on my time and money than your podcast for inspiration and time-tested wisdom to help me on my journey."I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested, so my poor wallet suffers.”"I can't get enough of your podcast. You add a new layer to the books I've already read and make connections to ones I haven't, but now must read."“I have listened to many podcasts on entrepreneurship (HIBT, Masters of Scale, etc.) and find Founders to be consistently more helpful than any other entrepreneurship podcast. David is a craftsperson, he carefully reads biographies of founders, distills the most important anecdotes and themes from their life, and draws commonalities across lives. David's focus is rightfully not on teaching you a formula to succeed but on constantly pushing you to think different.”“I highly highly recommend this podcast. Holy cow. I've been binge listening to these and you start to see patterns across all these incredible humans.”Listening to your podcast has changed my life and that is not a statement I make often.“After one episode I quickly joined the Misfit feed. Love the insight and thoughts shared along the way. David loves what he does and it shines through on the podcast. Definitely my go-to podcast now.”“It is worth every penny. I cannot put into words how fantastic this podcast is. Just stop reading this and get the full access.”“Personally it's one of my top 3 favorite podcasts. If you're into business and startups and technology, this is for you. David covers good books and I've come to really appreciate his perspective. Can't say enough good things.”“I quickly subscribed and it's honestly been the best money I've spent all year. It has inspired me to read biographies. Highly recommend.”“This is the most inspirational and best business podcast out there. David has inspired me to focus on biographies rather than general business books. I'm addicted.”“Anyone interested in business must find the time to listen to each any every Founders podcast. A high return on investment will be a virtual certainty. Subscribe and start listening as soon as possible.”“David saves you hundreds of hours by summarizing bios of legendary business founders and providing valuable insight on what makes an individual successful. He has introduced me to many founders I would have never known existed.”“The podcasts offer spectacular lessons on life, human nature and business achievement. David's enthusiasm and personal thoughts bring me joy. My journey has been enhanced by his efforts.”"Founders is the best self investment that I've made in years."UPGRADE to listen to the rest of this episode and gain access to 254 full length episodes.You will learn the key insights from biographies on Steve Jobs, Elon Musk, John D. Rockefeller, Coco Chanel, Andrew Carnegie, Enzo Ferrari, Estee Lauder, Jeff Bezos, Warren Buffett, Charlie Munger, Phil Knight, Joseph Pulitzer, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Alexander Graham Bell, Bill Gates, P.T. Barnum, Edwin Land, Henry Ford, Walter Chrysler, Thomas Edison, David Ogilvy, Ben Franklin, Howard Hughes, George Lucas, Levi Strauss, Walt Disney and so many more. You will learn from the founders of Nike, Patagonia, Apple, Microsoft, Hershey, General Motors, Ford, Standard Oil, Polaroid, Home Depot, MGM, Intel, Federal Express, Wal Mart, JP Morgan, Chrysler, Cadillac, Oracle, Hyundai, Seagram, Berkshire Hathaway, Teledyne, Adidas, Les Schwab, Renaissance Technologies, IKEA, Sony, Ferrari, and so many more. UPGRADE to listen to the rest of this episode and gain access to 254 full length episodes.
What I learned from reading Constellation Software Inc. President's Letters by Mark Leonard.Listen to every full episode for $10 a month or $99 a year. The key ideas you'll learn pays for the subscription cost thousands of times over.WHAT OTHER PEOPLE ARE SAYING:“Founders is the only podcast I pay for and it's worth 100x the cost.”“I've now listened to every episode. From this knowledge I've doubled my business to $500k a year. Love your passion and recommend your podcast to everyone.”“Without a doubt, the highest value-to-cost ratio I've taken advantage of in the last year is the Founders podcast premium feed. Tap into eons of knowledge and experiences, condensed into digestible portions. Highly, highly recommend. “Uniquely outstanding. No fluff and all substance. David does an outstanding job summarizing these biographies and hones in on the elements that make his subjects so unique among entrepreneurs. I particularly enjoy that he focuses on both the founder's positive and negative characteristics as a way of highlighting things to mimic and avoid.”“I just paid for my first premium podcast subscription for Founders podcast. Learning from those who came before us is one of the highest value ways to invest time. David does his homework and exponentially improves my efficiency by focusing on the most valuable lessons.”“I haven't found a better return on my time and money than your podcast for inspiration and time-tested wisdom to help me on my journey."I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested, so my poor wallet suffers.”"I can't get enough of your podcast. You add a new layer to the books I've already read and make connections to ones I haven't, but now must read."“I have listened to many podcasts on entrepreneurship (HIBT, Masters of Scale, etc.) and find Founders to be consistently more helpful than any other entrepreneurship podcast. David is a craftsperson, he carefully reads biographies of founders, distills the most important anecdotes and themes from their life, and draws commonalities across lives. David's focus is rightfully not on teaching you a formula to succeed but on constantly pushing you to think different.”“I highly highly recommend this podcast. Holy cow. I've been binge listening to these and you start to see patterns across all these incredible humans.”Listening to your podcast has changed my life and that is not a statement I make often.“After one episode I quickly joined the Misfit feed. Love the insight and thoughts shared along the way. David loves what he does and it shines through on the podcast. Definitely my go-to podcast now.”“It is worth every penny. I cannot put into words how fantastic this podcast is. Just stop reading this and get the full access.”“Personally it's one of my top 3 favorite podcasts. If you're into business and startups and technology, this is for you. David covers good books and I've come to really appreciate his perspective. Can't say enough good things.”“I quickly subscribed and it's honestly been the best money I've spent all year. It has inspired me to read biographies. Highly recommend.”“This is the most inspirational and best business podcast out there. David has inspired me to focus on biographies rather than general business books. I'm addicted.”“Anyone interested in business must find the time to listen to each any every Founders podcast. A high return on investment will be a virtual certainty. Subscribe and start listening as soon as possible.”“David saves you hundreds of hours by summarizing bios of legendary business founders and providing valuable insight on what makes an individual successful. He has introduced me to many founders I would have never known existed.”“The podcasts offer spectacular lessons on life, human nature and business achievement. David's enthusiasm and personal thoughts bring me joy. My journey has been enhanced by his efforts.”"Founders is the best self investment that I've made in years."UPGRADE to listen to the rest of this episode and gain access to 254 full length episodes.You will learn the key insights from biographies on Steve Jobs, Elon Musk, John D. Rockefeller, Coco Chanel, Andrew Carnegie, Enzo Ferrari, Estee Lauder, Jeff Bezos, Warren Buffett, Charlie Munger, Phil Knight, Joseph Pulitzer, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Alexander Graham Bell, Bill Gates, P.T. Barnum, Edwin Land, Henry Ford, Walter Chrysler, Thomas Edison, David Ogilvy, Ben Franklin, Howard Hughes, George Lucas, Levi Strauss, Walt Disney and so many more. You will learn from the founders of Nike, Patagonia, Apple, Microsoft, Hershey, General Motors, Ford, Standard Oil, Polaroid, Home Depot, MGM, Intel, Federal Express, Wal Mart, JP Morgan, Chrysler, Cadillac, Oracle, Hyundai, Seagram, Berkshire Hathaway, Teledyne, Adidas, Les Schwab, Renaissance Technologies, IKEA, Sony, Ferrari, and so many more. UPGRADE to listen to the rest of this episode and gain access to 254 full length episodes.
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