Pestpodden

Meslinger har vært en fryktet og hyppig forekommende sykdom opp gjennom historien. I moderne tid og med effektiv vaksine falt forekomsten – men i senere år har man sett stadig flere tilfeller (og utbrudd), inkludert i Europa og USA. Ingrid, Jørgen og Nikolai snakker seg gjennom meslinger «fra tidenes morgen» og frem til i dag. Bli med på reisen!Og - for infeksjonsmedisinsk helsepersonell som lytter til episoden våren 2025 - her er lenke til påmelding NSCMID: Home - NSCMID 2025.Referanser:1. Roald Dahl, 1986: “Measles: A dangerous disease” (open letter to parents).2. Hübschen JM, et al. Measles. Lancet. 2022;399(10325):678-90.3. Berche P. History of measles. Presse Med. 2022;51(3):104149.4. Petrova VN, et al. Incomplete genetic reconstitution of B cell pools contributes to prolonged immunosuppression after measles. Sci Immunol. 2019;4(41).5. Mina MJ, et al. Measles virus infection diminishes preexisting antibodies that offer protection from other pathogens. Science. 2019;366(6465):599-606.6. Belongia EA, Naleway AL. Smallpox vaccine: the good, the bad, and the ugly. Clin Med Res. 2003;1(2):87-92.8. Madsen KM, et al. A population-based study of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and autism. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(19):1477-82.10.Holzmann H, et al. Eradication of measles: remaining challenges. Med Microbiol Immunol. 2016;205(3):201-8.11.Jafri SK, et al. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis - current perspectives. Pediatric Health Med Ther. 2018;9:67-71.12. de Swart RL, et al. Rinderpest eradication: lessons for measles eradication? Curr Opin Virol. 2012;2(3):330-4.13.Kim TH, et al. Vaccine herd effect. Scand J Infect Dis. 2011;43(9):683-9.14.Doll MK, Correira JW. Revisiting the 2014-15 Disneyland measles outbreak and its influence on pediatric vaccinations. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021;17(11):4210-5.13.Nuwarda RF, et al. Vaccine Hesitancy: Contemporary Issues and Historical Background. Vaccines (Basel). 2022;10(10).16.Minta AA, Ferrari M, Antoni S, et al. Progress Toward Measles Elimination — Worldwide, 2000–2023. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2024;73:1036–1042.17.State School Immunization Requirements and Vaccine Exemption Laws, CDC 2022,State School Immunization Requirements and Vaccine Exemption Laws18.Epidemiologi meslinger UK og Europa: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/measles-epidemiology-2023, European Region reports highest number of measles cases in more than 25 years – UNICEF, WHO/Europe Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Tyfus har satt sitt preg på både litteratur og historie - og Europakartet kunne kanskje sett annerledes ut var det ikke for denne vektorbårne bakterien.Jørgen, Nikolai og Ingrid drar på reise igjen, denne gang for å finne ut av mer om tyfus om dens slektninger, rickettsiosene.Referanser:1) Pesapane F et al. Hieronymi Fracastorii: the Italian scientist who described the "French disease". An Bras Dermatol. 2015 Sep-Oct;90(5):684-6. doi: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20154262. PMID: 26560214; PMCID: PMC4631234.2) Peterson, R. K. D. 1995. Insects,disease, and military history: the Napoleonic campaigns and historical perception. American Entomologist. 41:147-160. 3) Angelakis E et al. The History of Epidemic Typhus. Microbiol Spectr. 2016 Aug;4(4). doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.PoH-0010-2015. PMID: 27726780.4) Larry Lutwick. Brill-Zinsser disease. The Lancet, Volume 357, Issue 9263, 2001, Pages 1198-1200, ISSN 0140-6736, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04339-7.(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673600043397)5) Weiss E, Strauss BS. The life and career of Howard Taylor Ricketts. Rev Infect Dis. 1991 Nov-Dec;13(6):1241-2. doi: 10.1093/clinids/13.6.1241. PMID: 1775858.6) Walker DH. Ricketts creates rickettsiology, the study of vector-borne obligately intracellular bacteria. J Infect Dis. 2004 Mar 1;189(5):938-55. doi: 10.1086/381710. PMID: 14976612. Ricketts Creates 7) Jan Brøgger sr. Epidemier. En natur-og kulturhistorie. Damm forlag. 2020.8) Emelyanov VV. Evolutionary relationship of Rickettsiae and mitochondria. FEBS Lett. 2001 Jul 13;501(1):11-8. doi: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)02618-7. PMID: 11457448.9) Mørch K et al. Acute undifferentiated fever in India: a multicentre study of aetiology and diagnostic accuracy. BMC Infect Dis. 2017 Oct 4;17(1):665. doi: 10.1186/s12879-017-2764-3. PMID: 28978319; PMCID: PMC5628453.10) Raoult D et al. Outbreak of epidemic typhus associated with trench fever in Burundi. Lancet. 1998 Aug 1;352(9125):353-8. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(97)12433-3. PMID: 9717922.11) Didier Raoult et al. Evidence for Louse-Transmitted Diseases in Soldiers of Napoleon's Grand Army in Vilnius, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 193, Issue 1, 1 January 2006, Pages 112–120.12) Varghese GM et al. INTREST Trial Investigators. Intravenous Doxycycline, Azithromycin, or Both for Severe Scrub Typhus. N Engl J Med. 2023 Mar 2;388(9):792-803. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2208449. PMID: 36856615; PMCID: PMC7614458. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

VI har dykket ned i flaggermusens underlige verden. Hvordan kan det ha seg at flaggermusen er bærer av (og tilsynelatende lever uaffisert med) en så lang rekke livsfarlige infeksjonssykdommer? Vi har fordypet oss i litteraturen og har dessuten snakket med forsker og virolog Irene Ørpetveit ved Veterinærinstituttet. Velkommen til en episode om flaggermusens mysterier!Referanser:1. Chomel BB, Stuckey MJ, Boulouis HJ, Aguilar- Setién A. Bat-Related Zoonoses. Zoonoses - Infections Affecting Humans and Animals. 2014 Aug 22:697–714.2.Woo PCY, Lau SKP. Viruses and Bats. Viruses. 2019;11(10).3.Ahn M, Wang LF. Translation from bats to humans beyond infectious diseases. J Exp Med. 2021;218(9).4.Carter GG, Farine DR, Crisp RJ, Vrtilek JK, Ripperger SP, Page RA. Development of New Food-Sharing Relationships in Vampire Bats. Curr Biol. 2020;30(7):1275-9 e3.5.Simon R, Holderied MW, Koch CU, von Helversen O. Floral acoustics: conspicuous echoes of a dish-shaped leaf attract bat pollinators. Science. 2011;333(6042):631-3.6.Vampire bats go with the flow. Lab Anim (NY). 2013;42(3):79.7.Eby P, Peel AJ, Hoegh A, Madden W, Giles JR, Hudson PJ, et al. Pathogen spillover driven by rapid changes in bat ecology. Nature. 2023;613(7943):340-4.8.Velasco-Villa A, Mauldin MR, Shi M, Escobar LE, Gallardo-Romero NF, Damon I, et al. The history of rabies in the Western Hemisphere. Antiviral Res. 2017;146:221-32.9.Moldal T, Vikoren T, Cliquet F, Marston DA, van der Kooij J, Madslien K, et al. First detection of European bat lyssavirus type 2 (EBLV-2) in Norway. BMC Vet Res. 2017;13(1):216.10.Han HJ, Wen HL, Zhou CM, Chen FF, Luo LM, Liu JW, et al. Bats as reservoirs of severe emerging infectious diseases. Virus Res. 2015;205:1-6.11 Austad SN. Cats, "rats," and bats: the comparative biology of aging in the 21st century. Integr Comp Biol. 2010;50(5):783-92.12 Brook C, Dobson AP. Bats as 'special' reservoirs for emerging zoonotic pathogens. Trends Microbiol 2015; 23(3): 172–180.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7126622/pdf/main.pdf Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Jonathan Stokes and his colleagues are discovering novel antibiotics through artificial intelligence (AI) - among others Halicin and Abaucin. This AI-driven research was named one of the years top discoveries by The New York Times in 2023. Stay tuned for a very futuristic - and inspiring - interview with a very interesting researcher!References: Swanson, K., Liu, G., Catacutan, D.B. et al. Generative AI for designing and validating easily synthesizable and structurally novel antibiotics. Nat Mach Intell 6, 338–353 (2024).Lluka T, Stokes JM. Antibiotic discovery in the artificial intelligence era. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2023 Jan;1519(1):74-93. doi: Liu G, Catacutan DB, Rathod K, Swanson K, Jin W, Mohammed JC, et al. Deep learning-guided discovery of an antibiotic targeting Acinetobacter baumannii. Nature Chemical Biology. 2023;19(11):1342-50.Stokes JM, Yang K, Swanson K, Jin W, Cubillos-Ruiz A, Donghia NM, et al. A Deep Learning Approach to Antibiotic Discovery. Cell. 2020;180(4):688-702.e13. Awan RE, Zainab S, Yousuf FJ, Mughal S. AI-driven drug discovery: Exploring Abaucin as a promising treatment against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Health Sci Rep. 2024;7(6):e2150. Higashihira S, Simpson SJ, Morita A, Suryavanshi JR, Arnold CJ, Natoli RM, Greenfield EM. Halicin remains active against Staphylococcus aureus in biofilms grown on orthopaedically relevant substrates. Bone Joint Res. 2024 Mar 4;13(3):101-109. doi: 10.1302/2046-3758.133.BJR-2023-0038.R2. PMID: 38432258; PMCID: PMC10909403. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Vi har vært på konferanse og intervjuet professor Jan Kristian Damås om gentamicin – et effektivt og i skandinavisk sammenheng hyppig brukt antibiotikum - men internasjonalt også mye debattert legemiddel.Referanser: Ritchie ND, Irvine SC, Helps A, Robb F, Jones BL, Seaton RA. Restrictive antibiotic stewardship associated with reduced hospital mortality in gram-negative infection. Qjm. 2017;110(3):155-61.McDermott JH, Mahaveer A, James RA, Booth N, Turner M, Harvey KE, et al. Rapid Point-of-Care Genotyping to Avoid Aminoglycoside-Induced Ototoxicity in Neonatal Intensive Care. JAMA Pediatrics. 2022;176(5):486-92.Grønmo M, Møller-Stray J, Akselsen PE, Lindemann PC, Fostervold A, Vestby Knudsen C, Knudsen PK, Lindbæk M, Tonby K, Sundsfjord A. Gentamicin bør fortsatt inngå i empirisk sepsisregime hos voksne. Tidsskr Nor Legeforen. 2024.Vidal L, Gafter-Gvili A, Borok S, Fraser A, Leibovici L, Paul M. Efficacy and safety of aminoglycoside monotherapy: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007 Aug;60(2):247-57. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Siste nytt om en av verdens "eldste" sykdommer - pneumoni (eller lungebetennelse)! I dag har vi med oss fire forskere: Lars Heggelund, Magnus Gottfredson, Siri Knoop og Magrit Jarlsdatter Hovind tar oss gjennom viktige momenter og gir oss også et innblikk i fremtiden. Heng med!Referanser: Leannec: A treatise on the diseases of the chest and on mediate auscultation. 1834Heltborg A, et al. Can clinicians identify community-acquired pneumonia on ultralow-dose CT? A diagnostic accuracy study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2024 Aug 7;32(1):67.Lorentzen MJ, et al. Handheld Ultrasound Devices Used by Newly Certified Operators for Pneumonia in the Emergency Department-A Diagnostic Accuracy Study. Diagnostics (Basel). 2024 Aug 30;14(17):1921.Jones BE, et al. Diagnostic Discordance, Uncertainty, and Treatment Ambiguity in Community-Acquired Pneumonia : A National Cohort Study of 115 U.S. Veterans Affairs Hospitals. Ann Intern Med. 2024 Sep;177(9):1179-1189. Charalampous T et al. Routine Metagenomics Service for ICU Patients with Respiratory Infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2024 Jan 15;209(2):164-174. Lydon E, Langelier CR. Respiratory Metagenomics: Ready for Prime Time? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2024 Jan 15;209(2):124-126. Rögnvaldsson KG, Bjarnason A, Ólafsdóttir IS, Helgason KO, Guðmundsson A, Gottfreðsson M. Adults with symptoms of pneumonia: a prospective comparison of patients with and without infiltrates on chest radiography. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2023 Jan;29(1):108.e1-108.e6.https://indremedisineren.no/2017/04/samfunnservervet-lungebetennelse-mikrobiologisk-diagnostikk-arsaker-og-behandling/https://www.ahus.no/kliniske-studier/athenian-antibiotikabehandling-ved-virale-luftveisinfeksjoner/Serigstad S, et al; CAPNOR study group. Impact of rapid molecular testing on diagnosis, treatment and management of community-acquired pneumonia in Norway: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial (CAPNOR). Trials. 2022 Aug 1;23(1):622. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Sommeren er på hell, men noen steder i landet er det fremdeles mulig å få flåttbitt. Vi har snakket med overlege og forsker Hilde Skudal om skogflåttencefalitt, eller TBE ("Tick Borne Encephalitis"), en mindre utbredt sykdom enn borrelia - men ikke desto mindre viktig å være oppmerksom på. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Endokarditt er en sykdom som oftest krever intravenøs antibiotikabehandling i mange uker. De siste årene har imidlertid flere skandinaviske land innført tablettbehandling som et alternativ - og fra august er dette også kommet inn som et alternativ i de norske retningslinjene. Jørgen og Ingrid snakker med professor og endokardittforsker Magnus Rasmussen fra Lund om både om erfaringer med dette i praksis - og litt også om pågående forskning innen endokardittfeltet. Referanse:Rasmussen M, Gilje P, Fagman E, Berge A. Bacteraemia with gram-positive bacteria-when and how do I need to look for endocarditis? Clin Microbiol Infect. 2024 Mar;30(3):306-311. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.08.027. Epub 2023 Sep 1. PMID: 37659693. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Jørgen, Nikolai og Ingrid får celebert besøk av Pestpostens redaktør Oddvar Oppegaard. Vi benytter anledningen til å kikke i den infeksjonsmedisinske krystallkulen og lære mer om antibiotikautvikling. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Atter er Jørgen, Ingrid og Nikolai samlet i studio for å snakke løst og fast om antibiotika. Mest løst. I denne episoden tar vi for oss på virkningsmekanismene til de ulike antibiotikagruppene - ingen detaljkunnskap her, men generelt overblikk og romslige metaforer. Velkommen inn i studio med oss! Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

A talk - about talking - and the importance of communication. Listen to Beverley Preater, experienced MSF-doctor, and professor Paul Garner, share their stories. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Jørgen og Ingrid snakker seg gjennom tropesykdommen leishmaniasis - helt fra sandfluenes hemmelige liv, videre til diagnostikk og behandling. Vi får god hjelp av professor Bjørn Blomberg og doktor Zikre Gebremariam. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

We meet Paul Garner (prof. emerit. and one of the founding fathers of Cochrane) and Rebecca Kuehn (Cochrane infectious diseases) for a talk about evidence-based medicine, critical appraisal and all things related to how we interpret and find the "truth" within research.Resources:1.Ioannidis JP. Why most published research findings are false. PLoS Med. 2005;2(8):e124.2.Garner P, Taylor-Robinson D, Sachdev HS. DEVTA: results from the biggest clinical trial ever. Lancet. 2013;381(9876):1439-41.3.Gigerenzer G. Making sense of health statistics. Bull World Health Organ. 2009;87(8):567.4.https://www.badscience.net/2010/07/yeah-well-you-can-prove-anything-with-science/5.de Souza DK, Thomas R, Bradley J, Leyrat C, Boakye DA, Okebe J. Ivermectin treatment in humans for reducing malaria transmission. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;6(6):CD013117.6.Foy BD, Alout H, Seaman JA, Rao S, Magalhaes T, Wade M, et al. Efficacy and risk of harms of repeat ivermectin mass drug administrations for control of malaria (RIMDAMAL): a cluster-randomised trial. Lancet. 2019;393(10180):1517-26.7.Popp M, Reis S, Schiesser S, Hausinger RI, Stegemann M, Metzendorf MI, et al. Ivermectin for preventing and treating COVID-19. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022;6(6):CD015017.8.Hadinegoro SR, Arredondo-Garcia JL, Capeding MR, Deseda C, Chotpitayasunondh T, Dietze R, et al. Efficacy and Long-Term Safety of a Dengue Vaccine in Regions of Endemic Disease. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(13):1195-206.9.Dans AL, Dans LF, Lansang MAD, Silvestre MAA, Guyatt GH. Controversy and debate on dengue vaccine series-paper 1: review of a licensed dengue vaccine: inappropriate subgroup analyses and selective reporting may cause harm in mass vaccination programs. J Clin Epidemiol. 2018;95:137-9.10. Guyatt G, Oxman AD, Akl EA, Kunz R, Vist G, Brozek J, et al. GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction-GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64(4):383-94.11. https://bestpractice.bmj.com/info/toolkit/learn-ebm/what-is-grade/12.Guyatt G, Vist G, Falck-Ytter Y, Kunz R, Magrini N, Schunemann H. An emerging consensus on grading recommendations? ACP J Club. 2006;144(1):A8-9. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This is the "all-english"-version of the filaria-episode: Pestpodden presents a tropical topic that many of us struggle with understanding: filarial nematodes. Professor Mark Taylor - one of the worlds leading experts on filarial nematodes - guides us through this difficult topic - and presents some breaking research-news at the end of the episode. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Tropisk episode! Pestpodden snakker om filarioser med professor Mark Taylor - en av verdens ledende eksperter innen feltet. Dette er en faglig tung episode, men er du tropemedisinsk interessert og har lyst til å lære mer - så er dette episoden for deg! I tillegg presenteres noen "breaking news" fra forskningsverdenen mot slutten av episoden som du kan glede deg til. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Det multiresistente fremtidsscenarioet ble plutselig virkelighet. Kristian Tonby forteller om sitt møte med evakuerte krigsskadde pasienter fra Ukraina, og om hvordan vi kan håndtere multiresistente mikrober. Litteratur:Metodebok i infeksjonsmedisin, OUS: Infeksjoner med multiresistente bakterier (metodebok.no) Medevac: https://www.oslo-universitetssykehus.no/avdelinger/direktorens-stab/stab-medisin-helsefag-og-beredskap/medevac/ Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Ingrid og Jørgen snakker (mest) løst og (litt) fast om parasitter og vertskap. Fra zombiesoppen i serien "The last of us", drar vi på vandring videre gjennom noen av verdens (ekte) parasitter. Bli med på parasittekspedisjon! Referanser:1.Backman I. “The Last of Us” Apocalypse Is Not Realistic, But Rising Threat of Fungal Pathogens Is. Yale school of medicine - webpage. 2023.2.Del Brutto OH, Garcia HH. Taenia solium Cysticercosis--The lessons of history. J Neurol Sci. 2015;359(1-2):392-5.3.Hughes DP, Andersen SB, Hywel-Jones NL, Himaman W, Billen J, Boomsma JJ. Behavioral mechanisms and morphological symptoms of zombie ants dying from fungal infection. BMC Ecol. 2011;11:13.4.Kintzen W. The Caduceus Motif and The Guinea Worm. JAMA. 1968;203(3):234-.5.Pontoppidan MB, Himaman W, Hywel-Jones NL, Boomsma JJ, Hughes DP. Graveyards on the move: the spatio-temporal distribution of dead ophiocordyceps-infected ants. PLoS One. 2009;4(3):e4835.6.Rosania K. Tricking rats into liking cats. Lab Anim (NY). 2011;40(10):288.7.Saevik BK, Krontveit RI, Eggen KP, Malmberg N, Thoresen SI, Prestrud KW. Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in pet cats in Norway and risk factors for seropositivity. J Feline Med Surg. 2015;17(12):1049-56.8.Webster JP. Rats, cats, people and parasites: the impact of latent toxoplasmosis on behaviour. Microbes Infect. 2001;3(12):1037-45.9.Wilcox RA, Whitham EM. The symbol of modern medicine: why one snake is more than two. Ann Intern Med. 2003;138(8):673-710 Save the guinea-worm-foundation: http://www.deadlysins.com/guinea-worm11 Ophiocordyceps unilateralis - Wikipedia Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Norwegian:Vi intervjuer en av verdens fremste eksperter og forskere på antimikrobiell resistens: Adam Roberts fra Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine! Episoden finnes også i engelsk versjon.References/supplementary reading:1.Allel K, Day L, Hamilton A, Lin L, Furuya-Kanamori L, Moore CE, et al. Global antimicrobial-resistance drivers: an ecological country-level study at the human-animal interface. Lancet Planet Health. 2023;7(4):e291-e303.2.Roberts AP. Swab and Send: a citizen science, antibiotic discovery project. Future Sci OA. 2020;6(6):FSO477.3. AMR Review. https://amr-review.org/ Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this first-ever english episode of Pestpodden, we are interviewing one of the worlds leading experts and researchers within the field of antimicrobial resistance; Adam Roberts from Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. There is hope! References/supplementary reading:1.Allel K, Day L, Hamilton A, Lin L, Furuya-Kanamori L, Moore CE, et al. Global antimicrobial-resistance drivers: an ecological country-level study at the human-animal interface. Lancet Planet Health. 2023;7(4):e291-e303.2.Roberts AP. Swab and Send: a citizen science, antibiotic discovery project. Future Sci OA. 2020;6(6):FSO477.3. AMR Review. https://amr-review.org/ Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Synes du også resistens er vanskelig? Fatt mot og bli med oss i Pestpodden på en reise gjennom resistensen! I anledning Antibiotikauken 2023 har vi nemlig to spesialepisoder. I del èn får du en enkel intro til antimikrobiell resistens - mens i del to intervjuer vi en av verdens fremste eksperter og forskere på feltet; Adam Roberts. Gled deg!Referanser:1.Barlow M, Hall BG. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the OXA beta-lactamase genes have been on plasmids for millions of years. J Mol Evol. 2002;55(3):314-21.2.D'Costa VM, King CE, Kalan L, Morar M, Sung WW, Schwarz C, et al. Antibiotic resistance is ancient. Nature. 2011;477(7365):457-61.3. Holmes AH, Moore LS, Sundsfjord A, Steinbakk M, Regmi S, Karkey A, et al. Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance. Lancet. 2016;387(10014):176-87.4.Woerther PL, Andremont A, Kantele A. Travel-acquired ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae: impact of colonization at individual and community level. J Travel Med. 2017;24(suppl_1):S29-s34.5.NORM/NORM-VET 2022. Usage of Antimicrobial Agents and Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Norway. Tromsø / Oslo 2023. ISSN:1502-2307 (print) / 1890-9965 (electronic). . 2022.7. https://atlas.ecdc.europa.eu/public/index.aspx?Dataset=27&HealthTopic=48.Antimicrobial Resistance C. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis. Lancet. 2022;399(10325):629-55. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Endelig har Helse Bergen både fått nok podkaster, og klart å få samla gjengen til ein fellesepisode! I denne tverrfaglige bonusepisoden, utgitt den siste dagen i oktober like før sukkeret tar fullstendig overhand, oppsummerer karkirugane, ortopedane, infeksjonsmedisinarane og anestesi- og soveekspertane korleis vi har kome til det vi kjenner som moderne sjukehus og behandling. Som du gjerne gjetta - det har ikkje vore ei særleg hyggjeleg reise, men skal du lage god omelett så må du knuse nokre... egg. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Ruben Dyrhovden er overlege og mikrobiolog som nylig har disputert. Vi snakker om funnene fra doktorgradsarbeidet hans, og munnhulens bakterier. Kanskje er tannhelse viktigere enn vi tror?Referanser:1. Gianos E, Jackson EA, Tejpal A, Aspry K, O'Keefe J, Aggarwal M, et al. Oral health and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: A review. Am J Prev Cardiol. 2021;7:100179.2. Labeau SO, Van de Vyver K, Brusselaers N, Vogelaers D, Blot SI. Prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia with oral antiseptics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2011;11(11):845-54.3. Fischer, L. A., Demerath, E., Bittner-Eddy, P. & Costalonga, M. Placental colonization with periodontal pathogens: the potential missing link. Am J Obstet Gynecol 221, 383-392 e3 (2019).4. Blanc, V. et al. Oral bacteria in placental tissues: increased molecular detection in pregnant periodontitis patients. Oral Dis 21, 905–912 (2015).5. Han, Y. W. et al. Term Stillbirth Caused by Oral Fusobacterium nucleatum. Obstetrics Gynecol 115, 442–445 (2010).6. Fardini, Y., Chung, P., Dumm, R., Joshi, N. & Han, Y. W. Transmission of Diverse Oral Bacteria to Murine Placenta: Evidence for the Oral Microbiome as a Potential Source of Intrauterine Infection▿ †. Infect Immun 78, 1789–1796 (2010).7. Han, Y. W. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum Induces Premature and Term Stillbirths in Pregnant Mice: Implication of Oral Bacteria in Preterm Birth. Infect Immun 72, 2272–2279 (2004). Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

PCR er analysemetoden som gjør alt fra å påvise COVID og avsløre dødsårsaker hos gamle faraoer – til å løse kriminalsaker. Men hva er egentlig PCR? Hva kan PCR hjelpe oss med – og hva kan vi ikke bruke PCR til?I denne episoden har vi besøk overlege og mikrobiolog Øyvind Kommedal som oppklarer PCRens mysterier. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Du trodde kanskje at lepra var en historisk sykdom? Tro om igjen! Vi bringer siste nytt fra den internasjonale leprafronten i anledning 150-årsjubileet for oppdagelsen av leprabasillen. Vi intervjuer Tore Godal (som startet sin mangeårige internasjonale karriere med lepraforskning i Etiopia, foruten dette også bl.a. initativtaker og tidligere leder av GAVI, rådgiver WHO m.m), Paul Saunderson (redaktør Leprosy reviews, tech.advisor American Leprosy missions, rådgiver WHO) og Admasu Tibelt Dejene (ortoped og sjef for ALERT hospital, Adis Abeba). I intervjuene refereres det også kort til bl.a. to av foredragsholderne ved konferansen - Paul Fine (professor ved London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) og Sundeep Chaitanya Vedithi (University of Cambridge/American Leprosy Missions). Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Ingrid og Jørgen tar en kort gjennomgang av vanlige myter og misforståelser rundt antibiotika – som mange kanskje er klar over og tar for gitt - men som henger ved, likevel og derfor trenger oppklaring.Referanser:Høye S. Myteknusing tar tid. Tidsskr Nor Legeforen 2017 137: 680Wenzel M. Do we really understand how antibiotics work?Future Microbiol 2020 Sep;15:1307-1311. doi: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0324. Epub 2020 Sep 22.Fjeld H, Raknes G. Er det virkelig farlig å kombinere metronidazol og alkohol?Tidsskr Nor Legeforen 2014 134:1661-3 doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.14.0081 https://www.antibiotika.no/antibiotika-og-alkohol-2/ (Publisert 21.10.19)Høye S. Knus mytene om antibiotika. https://sykepleien.no/meninger/2021/07/knus-mytene-om-antibiotika (publisert 13.07.21)https://www.dagensmedisin.no/infeksjoner/vil-knuse-antibiotika-myte/527170 (publisert 18.10.17)Jørum E. The Sun King's anal fistula Tidsskr Nor Legeforen 2016 136:1244-7 doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.15.0312https://oslo-universitetssykehus.no/avdelinger/medisinsk-klinikk/lungemedisinsk-avdeling-ulleval/regionalt-senter-for-astma-allergi-og-overfolsomhet/penicillinallergi-fake-news (Publisert 17.11.2020 / Sist oppdatert 21.10.2022)https://sykepleien.no/2021/06/mange-har-cave-penicillin-i-journalen (publisert 27.06.2021)Midtvedt T. Bekymringsmelding om antibiotika i kyllingfôr. Tidsskr Nor Legeforen 2015 135:742 doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.15.0196NORM/NORM-VET 2021. Usage of Antimicrobial Agents and Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Norway. Tromsø / Oslo 2022. ISSN:1502-2307 (print) / 1890-9965 (electronic). https://www.saveourantibiotics.org/media/1739/farm-antibiotic-use-in-spain.pdf (lest 20.03.23) Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Tungt tema, lett vinkling. Som alltid innleder vi med litt medisinsk historie før Nikolai Norevik Myklebust hjelper oss å forstå hvorfor gentamicin er et dårlig abscessmiddel, hvorfor penicillin skal doseres hyppig - og hva er nå egentlig AUC?Referanser: 1.Harrison F, Roberts AE, Gabrilska R, Rumbaugh KP, Lee C, Diggle SP. A 1,000-Year-Old Antimicrobial Remedy with Antistaphylococcal Activity. mBio. 2015;6(4):e01129.2.Shlaes DM, Bradford PA. Antibiotics-From There to Where?: How the antibiotic miracle is threatened by resistance and a broken market and what we can do about it. Pathog Immun. 2018;3(1):19-43.3.Wagner C, Sauermann R, Joukhadar C. Principles of antibiotic penetration into abscess fluid. Pharmacology. 2006;78(1):1-10.3. Felleskatalogen, Legemiddelhåndboken – spesifikk legemiddelinformasjon5. Nasjonal faglig retningslinje for bruk av antibiotika. 6. David Garner. Microbiology: Nuts and bolts – key concepts of Microbiology & Infection, 3rd edition. 2019. 7. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th edition. 8. Simonsen, Aarbakke. Illustrert farmakologi. 2010. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

En “all-inclusive”-episode om malaria. Her får du høre historien om den gangen infeksjonsmedisineren selv fikk malaria på vakt, du får en høytsvevende reise gjennom malariaens historie - og et intervju med Kristine Mørch - som etter vår mening dekker de fleste aspekter rundt praktisk håndtering av malaria. Referanser: 1.Patterson R. Dr. William Gorgas and his war with the mosquito. CMAJ. 1989;141(6):596-7, 9.2. Whitfield, J. Portrait of a serial killer. Nature (2002)3. Pomeroy. Has Malaria Really Killed Half of Everyone Who Ever Lived? | RealClearScience. October 03, 20193.Boualam MA, Pradines B, Drancourt M, Barbieri R. Malaria in Europe: A Historical Perspective. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:691095.4. ECDC. Malaria Annual Epidemiological Report for 2020. AER malaria for 2020 (europa.eu) Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Det finnes vel ikke enklere diagnoser enn urinveisinfeksjon? Tro om igjen! Ingrid og Jørgen snakker om UVI – fra hippokratisk pussdrenasje, videre til vår tids diagnostikk, profylakse og behandling. Og hvorfor skal man ikke behandle asymptomatisk bakteriuri? Få svar på ting du ikke visste at du lurte på i denne episoden om urinveisinfeksjoner. Vi minner forøvrig om retningslinjene på https://www.antibiotika.no/ både når det gjelder profylakse og behandling. Referanser: Tefekli A, Cezayirli F. The history of urinary stones: in parallel with civilization. ScientificWorldJournal. 2013;2013:423964.Nickel JC. Management of urinary tract infections: historical perspective and current strategies: Part 1--Before antibiotics. J Urol. 2005 Jan;173(1):21-6Cai T, Tiscione D, Cocci A, Puglisi M, Cito G, Malossini G, et al. Hibiscus extract, vegetable proteases and Commiphora myrrha are useful to prevent symptomatic UTI episode in patients affected by recurrent uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2018;90(3):203-7.Harding C, Chadwick T, Homer T, Lecouturier J, Mossop H, Carnell S, et al. Methenamine hippurate compared with antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent recurrent urinary tract infections in women: the ALTAR non-inferiority RCT. Health Technol Assess. 2022;26(23):1-172.Lee BS, Bhuta T, Simpson JM, Craig JC. Methenamine hippurate for preventing urinary tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;10(10):CD003265.Relis Metenamin (Hiprex) som profylakse ved residiverende urinveisinfeksjoner. https://relis.no/artikler/32945/ (28.04.23)Recurrent Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections in Women: AUA/CUA/SUFU Guideline (2022) https://www.auanet.org/guidelines-and-quality/guidelines/recurrent-uti (28.04.23)Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria: 2019 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical Infectious Diseases. Published CID, 3/21/2019. Hansson S, Jodal U, Lincoln K, Svanborg-Eden C. Untreated asymptomatic bacteriuria in girls: II--Effect of phenoxymethylpenicillin and erythromycin given for intercurrent infections. BMJ. 1989;298(6677):856-9.Hartman EAR, van de Pol AC, Heltveit-Olsen SR, Lindbaek M, Hoye S, Lithen SS, et al. Effect of a multifaceted antibiotic stewardship intervention to improve antibiotic prescribing for suspected urinary tract infections in frail older adults (ImpresU): pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial in four European countries. BMJ. 2023;380:e072319.Jansaker F, Li X, Vik I, Frimodt-Moller N, Knudsen JD, Sundquist K. The Risk of Pyelonephritis Following Uncomplicated Cystitis: A Nationwide Primary Healthcare Study. Antibiotics (Basel). 2022;11(12).Vik I, Bollestad M, Grude N, Baerheim A, Damsgaard E, Neumark T, et al. Ibuprofen versus pivmecillinam for uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women-A double-blind, randomized non-inferiority trial. PLoS Med. 2018;15(5):e1002569. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Ingrid har alltid slitt med å forstå syfilisdiagnostikken, men i løpet av tiden på mikrobiologen har det gått opp et lys! Ingrid og Jørgen guider dere (og seg selv) gjennom serologiens jungel.Referanser: 1. Sandvik A, Kveim Lie A. Ubehandlet syfilis - fra Oslo til Tuskegee. Tidsskr Nor Legeforen 2016 136: 2010-62. Tampa M, Sarbu I, Matei C, Benea V, Georgescu SR. Brief history of syphilis. J Med Life. 2014;7(1):4-10.3. Vesterhus P. Hvordan ble Osvald syk? Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen 2007 127: 1814-65. Gordon AG. Diagnosis of Oscar Wilde. Lancet. 2001;357(9263):1209.6. Tobin MJ. Fiftieth Anniversary of Uncovering the Tuskegee Syphilis Study: The Story and Timeless Lessons. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022;205(10):1145-58.7. Ropper AH. Neurosyphilis. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(14):1358-63.8. Gjestland T. The Oslo study of untreated syphilis; an epidemiologic investigation of the natural course of the syphilitic infection based upon a re-study of the Boeck-Bruusgaard material. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh).1955;35(Suppl 34):3-3689. Dhakal A, Sbar E. Jarisch Herxheimer Reaction. [Updated 2022 Apr 28]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. 10. CDC. Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines. July 202111. FHI. Syfilis - veileder for helsepersonell. Smittevernveilederen. Oppdatert 07.04.2019.12. OUS metodebok, HUS metodebok. 13. Intervju avdelingsoverlege Turid Thune (muntlig meddelelse). Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Treponema pallidum - “bleik snurra tråd” - er en mystisk mikrobe. Jørgen og Ingrid snakker seg gjennom absolutt hele syfilishistorien - fra tidenes morgen via Ibsen frem til vår tid.Referanser: 1. Sandvik A, Kveim Lie A. Ubehandlet syfilis - fra Oslo til Tuskegee. Tidsskr Nor Legeforen 2016 136: 2010-62. Tampa M, Sarbu I, Matei C, Benea V, Georgescu SR. Brief history of syphilis. J Med Life. 2014;7(1):4-10.3. Vesterhus P. Hvordan ble Osvald syk? Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen 2007 127: 1814-65. Gordon AG. Diagnosis of Oscar Wilde. Lancet. 2001;357(9263):1209.6. Tobin MJ. Fiftieth Anniversary of Uncovering the Tuskegee Syphilis Study: The Story and Timeless Lessons. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022;205(10):1145-58.7. Ropper AH. Neurosyphilis. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(14):1358-63.8. Gjestland T. The Oslo study of untreated syphilis; an epidemiologic investigation of the natural course of the syphilitic infection based upon a re-study of the Boeck-Bruusgaard material. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh).1955;35(Suppl 34):3-3689. Dhakal A, Sbar E. Jarisch Herxheimer Reaction. [Updated 2022 Apr 28]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. 10. CDC. Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines. July 202111. FHI. Syfilis - veileder for helsepersonell. Smittevernveilederen. Oppdatert 07.04.2019.12. OUS metodebok, HUS metodebok. 13. Intervju avdelingsoverlege Turid Thune (muntlig meddelelse). Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.