Podcasts about Cochrane

 Professor John Cochrane of the Hoover Institution attributes current inflation to the fiscal theory of the price level. He explains that massive government spending, such as the $5 trillion borrowed during COVID-19 with $3 trillion printed by the Fed, combined with no credible plan for repayment, directly causes inflation. Cochrane differentiates this from monetarism, noting that quantitative easing (printing money and taking back bonds) did not lead to inflation. He emphasizes that the 2022 inflation spike was a loss of confidence in the government's ability to pay its debts. Successful disinflations, he argues, require a combination of monetary, fiscal, and microeconomic reforms. 1920 LANGLEY AERODROME

Professor John Cochrane of the Hoover Institution attributes current inflation to the fiscal theory of the price level. He explains that massive government spending, such as the $5 trillion borrowed during COVID-19 with $3 trillion printed by the Fed, combined with no credible plan for repayment, directly causes inflation. Cochrane differentiates this from monetarism, noting that quantitative easing (printing money and taking back bonds) did not lead to inflation. He emphasizes that the 2022 inflation spike was a loss of confidence in the government's ability to pay its debts. Successful disinflations, he argues, require a combination of monetary, fiscal, and microeconomic reforms. 1867

CBS EYE ON THE WORLD WITH JOHN BATCHELOR SHOW SCHEDULE  9-12-25 GOOD EVENING. THE SHOW BEGINS IN GAZA WITH THE GOAL OF DEHAMASIFICATION.. FIRST HOUR 9-915 John Bolton criticizes the "two-state solution" as a dead idea post-October 7th, proposing a "three-state solution" where Gaza returns to Egypt or is divided, and the West Bank is managed by Israel and Jordan. He emphasizes "De-Hamasification" as crucial and humanitarian, arguing that Arab nations, particularly Egypt, resist taking Gazan refugees due to fears of importing Hamas/Muslim Brotherhood influence. Bolton believes this is necessary for a stable future in the region. 915-930 Lorenzo Fiori shares a traditional Milanese recipe for "rice with saffron" (risotto alla Milanese), often served at La Scalagala dinners, describing it as delicious and creamy with parmesan cheese. He recommends pairing it with Italian wines like Barolo or Barbaresco from Piedmont. Fiori also discusses Italy's economic concerns regarding political instability in France and Germany, and the ongoing international interest in NATO events. 930-945 Gene Marks describes a mixed economic picture, noting that a national "slowdown" isn't universally felt, with many small businesses thriving. He highlights challenges like rising healthcare costs, spurring interest in self-insurance and health reimbursement arrangements. Marks discusses AI's impact on the workforce, specifically reducing sales and tech roles in large companies like Salesforce, but predicts a surge in demand for skilled trades not easily replaced by AI. 945-1000 CONTINUED Gene Marks describes a mixed economic picture, noting that a national "slowdown" isn't universally felt, with many small businesses thriving. He highlights challenges like rising healthcare costs, spurring interest in self-insurance and health reimbursement arrangements. Marks discusses AI's impact on the workforce, specifically reducing sales and tech roles in large companies like Salesforce, but predicts a surge in demand for skilled trades not easily replaced by AI. SECOND HOUR 10-1015 Jim McTague reports from Lancaster County, PA, challenging the narrative of an economic slowdown. He shares examples of busy local businesses like "Phil the painter" who has never been busier. McTague observes a trend of housing price cuts, but notes vibrant local tourism and events. He highlights the significant economic boost from two new data centers, creating 600-1000 construction jobs and 150 permanent positions, bringing the county into the 21st century. 1015-1030 Max Meizlish, a senior research analyst, highlights how Chinese money laundering networks are fueling America's fentanyl epidemic by cleaning drug proceeds for Mexican cartels. These networks also enable wealthy Chinese nationals to bypass capital control 1030-1045 Richard Epstein discusses federal district court judges defying presidential orders, attributing it to a breakdown of trust and the president's "robust view of executive power" that disregards established procedures and precedents. He explains that judges may engage in "passive resistance" or "cheating in self-defense" when they perceive the president acting for political reasons or abusing power, such as in budget cuts or dismissals. Epstein also links this distrust to gerrymandering and increasing political polarization1045-1100 Richard Epstein discusses federal district court judges defying presidential orders, attributing it to a breakdown of trust and the president's "robust view of executive power" that disregards established procedures and precedents. He explains that judges may engage in "passive resistance" or "cheating in self-defense" when they perceive the president acting for political reasons or abusing power, such as in budget cuts or dismissals. Epstein also links this distrust to gerrymandering and increasing political polarization. THIRD HOUR 1100-1115 Henry Sokolski addresses the critical challenge of the US power grid meeting AI data center demands, which are projected to require gigawatt-scale facilities and vastly increased electricity by 2030. He questions who bears the risk and cost of this buildout, advocating for AI companies to fund their own power generation. Sokolski also discusses the debate around nuclear power as a solution and Iran's suspect nuclear weapons program, highlighting the complexities of snapback sanctions and accounting for uranium. 1115-1130 CONTINUED Henry Sokolski addresses the critical challenge of the US power grid meeting AI data center demands, which are projected to require gigawatt-scale facilities and vastly increased electricity by 2030. He questions who bears the risk and cost of this buildout, advocating for AI companies to fund their own power generation. Sokolski also discusses the debate around nuclear power as a solution and Iran's suspect nuclear weapons program, highlighting the complexities of snapback sanctions and accounting for uranium.1130-1145 Professor John Cochrane of the Hoover Institution attributes current inflation to the fiscal theory of the price level. He explains that massive government spending, such as the $5 trillion borrowed during COVID-19 with $3 trillion printed by the Fed, combined with no credible plan for repayment, directly causes inflation. Cochrane differentiates this from monetarism, noting that quantitative easing (printing money and taking back bonds) did not lead to inflation. He emphasizes that the 2022 inflation spike was a loss of confidence in the government's ability to pay its debts. Successful disinflations, he argues, require a combination of monetary, fiscal, and microeconomic reforms. 1145-1200 Professor John Cochrane of the Hoover Institution attributes current inflation to the fiscal theory of the price level. He explains that massive government spending, such as the $5 trillion borrowed during COVID-19 with $3 trillion printed by the Fed, combined with no credible plan for repayment, directly causes inflation. Cochrane differentiates this from monetarism, noting that quantitative easing (printing money and taking back bonds) did not lead to inflation. He emphasizes that the 2022 inflation spike was a loss of confidence in the government's ability to pay its debts. Successful disinflations, he argues, require a combination of monetary, fiscal, and microeconomic reforms.FOURTH HOUR 12-1215 Conrad Black offers an insider's view of the Trump White House, describing a very positive, informal, and busy atmosphere. He notes the president's decisiveness, courtesy to subordinates, and long workdays, with constant activity in the Oval Office. Black contrasts this informal style with Roosevelt and Nixon, suggesting it's a "three-ring circus" that nonetheless works due to Trump's methods. He also touches on Canadian perceptions, acknowledging Trump's work ethic despite political differences.EV1215-1230 Brandon Weichert highlights the immense power demands of AI and AGI data centers, requiring gigawatts of electricity and facing significant regulatory hurdles. He discusses the potential weaponization of AI, noting human nature's tendency to weaponize new technologies. Weichert shares personal experiences with AI tools like Grok, Gemini, and Claude, including instances of AI "diversion" rather than hallucination. He emphasizes the need to master this technology, as the substantial investment ensures its permanence.1230-1245 Bob Zimmerman details SpaceX's expanding Starlink reach, including a $17 billion deal to acquire Echostar's FCCspectrum licenses, ensuring Echostar's survival by partnering rather than competing. He also reports on Starship Super Heavy's 10th test flight, where metal thermal tiles failed but significant lessons were learned, with plans for an 11th flight and version three development. NASA's Dragonfly mission to Titan is vastly over budget and behind schedule, risking failure. China's technological exports, including drones and EVs, pose surveillance risks due to government control.1245-100 AM CONTINUED Bob Zimmerman details SpaceX's expanding Starlink reach, including a $17 billion deal to acquire Echostar's FCCspectrum licenses, ensuring Echostar's survival by partnering rather than competing. He also reports on Starship Super Heavy's 10th test flight, where metal thermal tiles failed but significant lessons were learned, with plans for an 11th flight and version three development. NASA's Dragonfly mission to Titan is vastly over budget and behind schedule, risking failure. China's technological exports, including drones and EVs, pose surveillance risks due to government control.

In this episode of Main Street Matters, Elaine Parker and Daniel Cochrane of the Heritage Foundation discuss the implications of AI on society, focusing on the balance between federal and state regulation, the dangers of AI in mental health and safety, and the potential benefits of AI in healthcare and small businesses. They emphasize the need for thoughtful regulation that aligns AI with the interests of everyday Americans and the importance of human touch in healthcare. The conversation highlights both the challenges and opportunities presented by AI technology. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

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2025 Ontario Immigrant Nominee Program Northern Ontario Invitations, released by Ontario on 28 August 2025Good day ladies and gentlemen, this is IRC News. I am Joy Stephen, a certified Canadian Immigration practitioner, bringing you this Provincial News Bulletin from the province of Ontario.On August 28, 2025, Ontario issued 348 targeted invitations to apply through the Expression of Interest system pool under the Employer Job Offer: Foreign Worker or International Student streams. These invitations were specifically for candidates with a job offer in Northern Ontario and who are currently residing in Canada.Northern Ontario includes the following Census Divisions: Muskoka, Haliburton, Nipissing, Parry Sound, Manitoulin, Sudbury, Greater Sudbury/Grand Sudbury, Timiskaming, Cochrane, Algoma, Thunder Bay, Rainy River, and Kenora.For past Ontario immigration news updates, please visit: https://myar.me/tag/on/If you want to learn more about the Provincial Express Entry, Federal Canadian Permanent Residence Program, or other Federal and Provincial Immigration programs, visit: https://myar.me/cWe also invite you to join our free weekly Zoom resource meetings every Thursday, and the Authorized Representatives' Q&A session every Friday. Details can be found here: https://myar.me/zoomFor guidance on choosing a qualified Canadian Authorized Representative, visit: https://ircnews.ca/consultant

“It's an absolute mess!” Kenneth Cavander, Andy Wolk and Anthony Cochrane talk about the history, relevance, triumphs and challenges of creating a “Timon” for our times. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Vision Sunday - Dan Cochrane

En este episodio exploramos a fondo el mutismo acinético, una de las manifestaciones más desconcertantes tras un daño cerebral grave. Hablamos de su base neurofisiológica, su relación con el sistema dopaminérgico y los circuitos prefronto-subcorticales, y cómo se diferencia clínicamente de otros estados de conciencia alterada. Recorremos también las opciones terapéuticas más prometedoras, desde la estimulación multisensorial y la verticalización robótica hasta técnicas de neuromodulación como la estimulación cerebral profunda, la estimulación medular o la tDCS. Un episodio técnico, narrativo y lleno de preguntas clínicas clave, pensado para quienes trabajan día a día con pacientes que aún no responden... pero que podrían hacerlo. Referencias del episodio: 1. Arnts, H., van Erp, W. S., Lavrijsen, J. C. M., van Gaal, S., Groenewegen, H. J., & van den Munckhof, P. (2020). On the pathophysiology and treatment of akinetic mutism. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 112, 270–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.02.006 8 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32044373/). 2. Arnts, H., Tewarie, P., van Erp, W. S., Overbeek, B. U., Stam, C. J., Lavrijsen, J. C. M., Booij, J., Vandertop, W. P., Schuurman, R., Hillebrand, A., & van den Munckhof, P. (2022). Clinical and neurophysiological effects of central thalamic deep brain stimulation in the minimally conscious state after severe brain injury. Scientific reports, 12(1), 12932. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-16470-2 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35902627/). 3. Arnts, H., Tewarie, P., van Erp, W., Schuurman, R., Boon, L. I., Pennartz, C. M. A., Stam, C. J., Hillebrand, A., & van den Munckhof, P. (2024). Deep brain stimulation of the central thalamus restores arousal and motivation in a zolpidem-responsive patient with akinetic mutism after severe brain injury. Scientific reports, 14(1), 2950. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-52267-1 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38316863/). 4. Bai, Y., Xia, X., Li, X., Wang, Y., Yang, Y., Liu, Y., Liang, Z., & He, J. (2017). Spinal cord stimulation modulates frontal delta and gamma in patients of minimally consciousness state. Neuroscience, 346, 247–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.01.036 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28147246/). 5. Bai, Y., Xia, X., Liang, Z., Wang, Y., Yang, Y., He, J., & Li, X. (2017). Corrigendum: Frontal Connectivity in EEG Gamma (30-45 Hz) Respond to Spinal Cord Stimulation in Minimally Conscious State Patients. Frontiers in cellular neuroscience, 11, 251. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2017.00251 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28828002/). 6. Bai, Y., Lin, Y., & Ziemann, U. (2021). Managing disorders of consciousness: the role of electroencephalography. Journal of neurology, 268(11), 4033–4065. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-10095-z (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32915309/). 7. Cairns, H., Oldfield, R. C., Pennybacker, J. B., & Whitteridge, D. (1941). Akinetic mutism with an epidermoid cyst of the 3rd ventricle. Brain, 64(4), 273–290 (https://academic.oup.com/brain/article-abstract/64/4/273/332088?redirectedFrom=fulltext). 8. Chen, Q., Huang, W., Tang, J., Ye, G., Meng, H., Jiang, Q., Ge, L., Li, H., Liu, L., Jiang, Q., & Wang, D. (2025). Reviving consciousness: The impact of short-term spinal cord stimulation on patients with early-onset prolonged disorders of consciousness. Journal of Neurorestoratology, 13(1), 100143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnrt.2024.100143 (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2324242624000500?via%3Dihub). 9. Clavo, B., Robaina, F., Montz, R., Carames, M. A., Otermin, E., & Carreras, J. L. (2008). Effect of cervical spinal cord stimulation on cerebral glucose metabolism. Neurological research, 30(6), 652–654. https://doi.org/10.1179/174313208X305373 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18513465/). 10. Corazzol, M., Lio, G., Lefevre, A., Deiana, G., Tell, L., André-Obadia, N., Bourdillon, P., Guenot, M., Desmurget, M., Luauté, J., & Sirigu, A. (2017). Restoring consciousness with vagus nerve stimulation. Current biology : CB, 27(18), R994–R996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.07.060 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28950091/). 11. Della Pepa, G. M., Fukaya, C., La Rocca, G., Zhong, J., & Visocchi, M. (2013). Neuromodulation of vegetative state through spinal cord stimulation: where are we now and where are we going?. Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery, 91(5), 275–287. https://doi.org/10.1159/000348271 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23797266/). 12. De Luca, R., Bonanno, M., Vermiglio, G., Trombetta, G., Andidero, E., Caminiti, A., Pollicino, P., Rifici, C., & Calabrò, R. S. (2022). Robotic Verticalization plus Music Therapy in Chronic Disorders of Consciousness: Promising Results from a Pilot Study. Brain sciences, 12(8), 1045. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12081045 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36009107/). 13. Dong, X., Tang, Y., Zhou, Y., & Feng, Z. (2023). Stimulation of vagus nerve for patients with disorders of consciousness: a systematic review. Frontiers in neuroscience, 17, 1257378. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1257378 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37781261/). 14. Fan, W., Fan, Y., Liao, Z., & Yin, Y. (2023). Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Patients With Disorders of Consciousness: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation, 102(12), 1102–1110. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHM.0000000000002290 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37205736/). 15. Frazzitta, G., Zivi, I., Valsecchi, R., Bonini, S., Maffia, S., Molatore, K., Sebastianelli, L., Zarucchi, A., Matteri, D., Ercoli, G., Maestri, R., & Saltuari, L. (2016). Effectiveness of a Very Early Stepping Verticalization Protocol in Severe Acquired Brain Injured Patients: A Randomized Pilot Study in ICU. PloS one, 11(7), e0158030. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158030 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27447483/). 16. Jang, S. H., & Byun, D. H. (2022). A Review of Studies on the Role of Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging Tractography in the Evaluation of the Fronto-Subcortical Circuit in Patients with Akinetic Mutism. Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 28, e936251. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.936251 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35181647/). 17. Lombardi, F., Taricco, M., De Tanti, A., Telaro, E., & Liberati, A. (2002). Sensory stimulation for brain injured individuals in coma or vegetative state. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2002(2), CD001427. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001427 (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7045727/). 18. Magee, W. L., & O'Kelly, J. (2015). Music therapy with disorders of consciousness: current evidence and emergent evidence-based practice. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1337, 256–262. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12633 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25773642/). 19. Mateo-Sierra, O., Gutiérrez, F.A., Fernández-Carballal, C., Pinilla, D., Mosqueira, B., Iza, B., & Carrillo, R.. (2005). Mutismo acinético relacionado con hidrocefalia y cirugía cerebelosa tratado con bromocriptina y efedrina: revisión fisiopatológica. Neurocirugía, 16(2), 134-141. (https://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1130-14732005000200005). 20. Noé, E., Ferri, J., Colomer, C., Moliner, B., O'Valle, M., Ugart, P., Rodriguez, C., & Llorens, R. (2020). Feasibility, safety and efficacy of transauricular vagus nerve stimulation in a cohort of patients with disorders of consciousness. Brain stimulation, 13(2), 427–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2019.12.005 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31866491/). 21. Norwood, M. F., Lakhani, A., Watling, D. P., Marsh, C. H., & Zeeman, H. (2023). Efficacy of Multimodal Sensory Therapy in Adult Acquired Brain Injury: A Systematic Review. Neuropsychology review, 33(4), 693–713. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-022-09560-5 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36056243/). 22. O'Neal, C. M., Schroeder, L. N., Wells, A. A., Chen, S., Stephens, T. M., Glenn, C. A., & Conner, A. K. (2021). Patient Outcomes in Disorders of Consciousness Following Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Individual Patient Data. Frontiers in neurology, 12, 694970. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.694970 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34475848/). 23. Schiff, N. D., Giacino, J. T., Kalmar, K., Victor, J. D., Baker, K., Gerber, M., Fritz, B., Eisenberg, B., Biondi, T., O'Connor, J., Kobylarz, E. J., Farris, S., Machado, A., McCagg, C., Plum, F., Fins, J. J., & Rezai, A. R. (2007). Behavioural improvements with thalamic stimulation after severe traumatic brain injury. Nature, 448(7153), 600–603. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06041 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17671503/). 24. Schiff N. D. (2016). Central thalamic deep brain stimulation to support anterior forebrain mesocircuit function in the severely injured brain. Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996), 123(7), 797–806. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-016-1547-0 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27113938/). 25. Schiff N. D. (2023). Mesocircuit mechanisms in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of consciousness. Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983), 52(2), 104161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lpm.2022.104161 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36563999/). 26. Shimojo, S., & Shams, L. (2001). Sensory modalities are not separate modalities: plasticity and interactions. Current opinion in neurobiology, 11(4), 505–509. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0959-4388(00)00241-5 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11502399/). 27. Stephens, T. M., Young, I. M., O'Neal, C. M., Dadario, N. B., Briggs, R. G., Teo, C., & Sughrue, M. E. (2021). Akinetic mutism reversed by inferior parietal lobule repetitive theta burst stimulation: Can we restore default mode network function for therapeutic benefit?. Brain and behavior, 11(8), e02180. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.2180 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34145791/). 28. Piedade, G. S., Assumpcao de Monaco, B., Guest, J. D., & Cordeiro, J. G. (2023). Review of spinal cord stimulation for disorders of consciousness. Current opinion in neurology, 36(6), 507–515. https://doi.org/10.1097/WCO.0000000000001222 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37889524/). 29. Rosenfelder, M. J., Helmschrott, V. C., Willacker, L., Einhäupl, B., Raiser, T. M., & Bender, A. (2023). Effect of robotic tilt table verticalization on recovery in patients with disorders of consciousness: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of neurology, 270(3), 1721–1734. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-022-11508-x (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36536249/). 30. Thibaut, A., Bruno, M. A., Ledoux, D., Demertzi, A., & Laureys, S. (2014). tDCS in patients with disorders of consciousness: sham-controlled randomized double-blind study. Neurology, 82(13), 1112–1118. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000000260 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24574549/). 31. Visocchi, M., Della Pepa, G. M., Esposito, G., Tufo, T., Zhang, W., Li, S., & Zhong, J. (2011). Spinal cord stimulation and cerebral hemodynamics: updated mechanism and therapeutic implications. Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery, 89(5), 263–274. https://doi.org/10.1159/000329357 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21860253/). 32. Yang, Y., He, Q., Xia, X., Dang, Y., Chen, X., He, J., & Zhao, J. (2022). Long-term functional prognosis and related factors of spinal cord stimulation in patients with disorders of consciousness. CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 28(8), 1249–1258. https://doi.org/10.1111/cns.13870 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35619213/). 33. Yang, Y., He, Q., Dang, Y., Xia, X., Xu, X., Chen, X., Zhao, J., & He, J. (2023). Long-term functional outcomes improved with deep brain stimulation in patients with disorders of consciousness. Stroke and vascular neurology, 8(5), 368–378. https://doi.org/10.1136/svn-2022-001998 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36882201/). 34. Yu, Y. T., Yang, Y., Wang, L. B., Fang, J. L., Chen, Y. Y., He, J. H., & Rong, P. J. (2017). Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in disorders of consciousness monitored by fMRI: The first case report. Brain stimulation, 10(2), 328–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2016.12.004 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28017322/). 35. Zhou, Y. F., Kang, J. W., Xiong, Q., Feng, Z., & Dong, X. Y. (2023). Transauricular vagus nerve stimulation for patients with disorders of consciousness: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Frontiers in neurology, 14, 1133893. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2023.1133893 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36937511/). 36. Zhuang, Y., Yang, Y., Xu, L., Chen, X., Geng, X., Zhao, J., & He, J. (2022). Effects of short-term spinal cord stimulation on patients with prolonged disorder of consciousness: A pilot study. Frontiers in neurology, 13, 1026221. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2022.1026221 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36313512/). 37. Zuo, J., Tao, Y., Liu, M., Feng, L., Yang, Y., & Liao, L. (2021). The effect of family-centered sensory and affective stimulation on comatose patients with traumatic brain injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of nursing studies, 115, 103846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103846 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33485101/).

 John Batchelor 09-03 segment 3.mp3 Guest: John Cochrane at the Hoover Institution. Federal Reserve Independence and Financial Regulation John Cochrane explores the complex debate on whether financial regulation should be integrated with or separated from monetary policy and less independent of Congress. He raises concerns about the Fed's independence, its failure to foresee the Silicon Valley Bank collapse, and the "too big to fail" phenomenon. Cochrane also discusses the risks of the Fed monetizing debt, its stance on stablecoins, and how its actions influence fiscal policy. 1906 PEKING

SHOW SCHEDULE  9-3-25 CBS EYE ON THE WORLD WITH JOHN BATCHELOR GOOD EVENING: The show begins in Beijing, watching the trio of Xi, Putin and Kim review the display of offensive weapons and offensive battalions. FIRST HOUR 9-915 John Batchelor 09-03 segment 1.mp3 Guest: Colonel Jeff McCausland, United States Army retired artilleryman, CBS News, Dickinson College visiting professor, and Diamond 6 Leadership and Strategy CEO. Global Geopolitics and Military Displays Colonel Jeff McCausland discusses a Beijing military parade featuring Xi Jinping, Kim Jong-un, and Vladimir Putin, interpreting it as a message of strength and innovation, not peace, while downplaying the US role in WWII. He also covers the static battle lines in Ukraine, European proposals for a military force, and US involvement in Middle East conflicts in Yemen and Gaza, noting a tactical agreement with the Houthis. 915-930 : John Batchelor 09-03 segment 2.mp3 Guest: Colonel Jeff McCausland, United States Army retired artilleryman, CBS News, Dickinson College visiting professor, and Diamond 6 Leadership and Strategy CEO. Pentagon's Evolving Mission and Global Order Colonel Jeff McCausland discusses the new national military strategy emphasizing homeland defense as the primary mission for the Department of Defense, shifting from an international "cop on the beat" role to a domestic one. This is reflected in increased border forces and Caribbean operations. McCausland also touches on China's ambition to establish a new global order, returning to its perceived historical position as a superpower, utilizing organizations like BRICS and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.930-945 John Batchelor 09-03 segment 3.mp3 Guest: John Cochrane at the Hoover Institution. Federal Reserve Independence and Financial Regulation John Cochrane explores the complex debate on whether financial regulation should be integrated with or separated from monetary policy and less independent of Congress. He raises concerns about the Fed's independence, its failure to foresee the Silicon Valley Bank collapse, and the "too big to fail" phenomenon. Cochrane also discusses the risks of the Fed monetizing debt, its stance on stablecoins, and how its actions influence fiscal policy. 945-1000 John Batchelor 09-03 segment 4.mp3 Guest: John Cochrane of the Hoover Institution. Reforming the Federal Reserve's Role John Cochrane addresses proposals to reorganize the Federal Reserve, questioning whether it should become more political or have its scope narrowed to monetary policy, his preferred option. He criticizes the Fed'spandemic response, specifically its decision to print trillions of dollars for deficits, which he argues was a choice leading to the 2022 inflation. Cochrane also examines the wisdom of Quantitative Easing (QE), suggesting it had limited economic impact but expanded the Fed's political influence. SECOND HOUR 10-1015 John Batchelor 09-03 segment 5.mp3 Guests: Gordon Chang and General Blaine Holt, US Air Force General, retired. China's Historical Revisionism and Autocratic Alliances Gordon Chang and General Blaine Holtdiscuss China's military parade, led by Xi Jinping, which falsely claims Chinese victory over Japan in WWII, omitting the US and Allied contributions. Holt views the parade as theater for a crumbling Belt and Road Initiative, not a united front. They note India's absence from the parade due to animosity with China. Despite appearances, Putin and Kim Jong-un also have underlying animosity towards Xi Jinping, making their alliance one of expediency, not unity.1015-1030 John Batchelor 09-03 segment 6.mp3 Guests: Gordon Chang and Peter Huessy, President of Geostrategic Analysis, a fellow at the National Institute for Deterrent Studies. China's Nuclear Ambitions and Arms Control Challenges Peter Huessy describes China's nuclear weapons as tools for coercion and hegemonic goals, a stark contrast to the US view of deterrence. He notes China's rapid nuclear buildup, exceeding Soviet Union rates during the Cold War. Huessy and Gordon Chang discuss the imminent expiration of the New Start treaty with Russia and the absence of arms control talks with China, which has historically aided proliferation. This signals a "brave new world" with zero legal restraint on nuclear weapons.1030-1045 : John Batchelor 09-03 segment 7.mp3 Guests: Gordon Chang and Captain James Fanell, United States Navy retired, intelligence officer for the Seventh Fleet and for the Indo-Pacific Theater. Pacific Tensions: Philippines, China, and US Naval Strategy Captain James Fanell and Gordon Chang analyze China's strategic ambition to subjugate the Philippines, building militarized islands in the South China Sea. Fanell highlights Scarborough Shoal as a critical "cork in the bottle," potentially used by China as a military base. He notes the Philippines' new forward operating base with anti-ship missiles in the Bashi Channel as a counter. Fanell suggests a reinvigorated US Navymorale and a shift in the Pentagon's approach to deter China.1045-1100 John Batchelor 09-03 segment 8.mp3 Guests: Gordon Chang and Rebecca Grant, Vice President of the Lexington Institute. Venezuela, Guyana, and US Deterrence in the Caribbean Rebecca Grant discusses Guyana'sburgeoning oil wealth and Venezuela's threatening territorial claims under Maduro, who also opposes democracy. She and Gordon Chang analyze a significant US Navy presence off Venezuela's coast, including destroyers and a Marine Expeditionary Unit, as a strong deterrent against Maduro's actions and his alliances with Russia and China. Grantindicates improving morale and combat readiness within the US Navy, emphasizing its vital role in global operations. THIRD HOUR John Batchelor 09-03 segment 9.mp3 Guest: Brett Arends of Market Watch (Return on Investment). Bond Market Anxiety and Federal Reserve Pressures Brett Arends explains the bond market's current unhappiness stems from unsustainable national debt and uncertainty surrounding President Trump's tariffs. He clarifies that the Fedcontrols short-term rates, while the bond market sets long-term rates. Arends warns that Trump's pressure on the Fed to cut short-term rates could paradoxically cause long-term rates, including mortgage rates, to rise, hurting the economy and exacerbating market nervousness. He emphasizes the need for fiscal sustainability. 1100-1115 : John Batchelor 09-03 segment 9.mp3 Guest: Brett Arends of Market Watch (Return on Investment). Bond Market Anxiety and Federal Reserve Pressures Brett Arends explains the bond market's current unhappiness stems from unsustainable national debt and uncertainty surrounding President Trump's tariffs. He clarifies that the Fedcontrols short-term rates, while the bond market sets long-term rates. Arends warns that Trump's pressure on the Fed to cut short-term rates could paradoxically cause long-term rates, including mortgage rates, to rise, hurting the economy and exacerbating market nervousness. He emphasizes the need for fiscal sustainability. 1115-1130 John Batchelor 09-03 segment 10.mp3 Guest: Brett Arends of Market Watch. Addressing Bond Market Turmoil Brett Arends explains that the troubled bond market stems from unsustainable national debt and recent court rulings questioning President Trump's tariffs. He advises Donald Trump to support Federal Reserve independence, abandon attacks on Jerome Powell and Lisa Cook, and work with Congress on tariffs to ensure fiscal sustainability and calm market anxieties. Arends notes that gold's all-time high reflects a lack of market confidence.1130-1145 John Batchelor 09-03 segment 11.mp3 Guest: Bob Zimmerman who keeps the website Behind the Black. New Discoveries in Space and Planetary Science Bob Zimmerman highlights new solar research using the European Space Agency's Solar Orbiter probe, improving predictions of solar events that impact Earth's technology. He discusses the uniqueness of stars, Juice's Venus flyby en route to Jupiter, and Mars' chaotic mantle structure. Zimmermanemphasizes Mars' ample near-surface ice, making it attractive for colonization, and presents an exoplanet found in an accretion disc, challenging planetary formation theories.1145-1200 John Batchelor 09-03 segment 12.mp3 Guest: Bob Zimmerman who keeps the website Behind the Black. NASA Unionization and SpaceX Milestones Bob Zimmerman addresses the recent executive order by President Trumpeliminating unions at NASA and other agencies, arguing that government unions are inefficient and costly. He then praises SpaceX's achievements, including a Falcon 9 first stage completing its 30th flight—a new reuse record. Zimmerman notes SpaceX is significantly reducing launch costs and enabling new space technologies like Starlink, also mentioning the reuse of a Starship super heavy booster. FOURTH HOUR 12-1215 John Batchelor 09-03 segment 13.mp3 Guest: Simon Constable writing for The Wall Street Journal and other distinguished publications. European Politics, Commodities, and Digital Identity Debates Simon Constable reports on pleasant weather in the South of France and seasonal produce. He reviews commodity prices, noting gold's all-time high, coffee's surge, and orange juice's decline. Constable discusses political crises in France, with President Macronfacing a no-confidence vote, and the UK, where Keir Starmer struggles with spending cuts and migration. He advocates for digital national ID cards as the only reasonable solution to migration.1215-1230 : John Batchelor 09-03 segment 14.mp3 Guest: Simon Constable writing for The Wall Street Journal and other distinguished publications. The Rise of AI in Romance Simon Constable shares surprising polling data from the Kinsey Institute on romantic engagement with AI. He reveals that 16% of single adult Americans romantically interact with AI, with Gen Z being the most likely cohort at 33%. Furthermore, 44% of single Americans dating AI believe emotional support from an AI partner is superior to human support, highlighting a stark generational shift in romantic relationships.1230-1245 John Batchelor 09-03 segment 15.mp3 Guest: Janatyn Sayeh from the Foundation for Defense of Democracies. Iran's Nuclear Dilemma and Regional Threats Janatyn Sayeh discusses the looming snapback mechanism of the 2015 JCPOA, which could reinstate UN sanctions on Iran if it fails to comply with demands. Iran's non-compliance has its currency hitting new lows, yet Tehran threatens regional war and exiting the NPT if sanctions return. Sayeh notes Iran seeks rearmament, primarily from China, with Belarus and North Korea acting as potential intermediaries for Russian weapons.1245-100 AM John Batchelor 09-03 segment 16.mp3 Guest: Ivana Stradner from the Foundation for the Defense of Democracies. Autocracy and Protests in the Western Balkans Ivana Stradner reports on mass protests in Belgrade demanding snap elections following a fatal accident and criticizing President Alexander Vučić's autocratic regime, which she likens to "Belarus 2.0". Vučić is accused of corruption and suppressing free media, while fostering close military and economic ties with China and Russia to maintain power and "blackmail" the West. Stradner expresses concern over the repression against Serbian people.

John Batchelor 09-03 segment 4.mp3 Guest: John Cochrane of the Hoover Institution. Reforming the Federal Reserve's Role John Cochrane addresses proposals to reorganize the Federal Reserve, questioning whether it should become more political or have its scope narrowed to monetary policy, his preferred option. He criticizes the Fed'spandemic response, specifically its decision to print trillions of dollars for deficits, which he argues was a choice leading to the 2022 inflation. Cochrane also examines the wisdom of Quantitative Easing (QE), suggesting it had limited economic impact but expanded the Fed's political influence. 1906 PEKING

CONTINUED Professor John Cochrane: Professor John Cochrane of Hoover Institution addresses the fervent debate over the Federal Reserve's independence, with critics from both political extremes advocating for more accountability. He points to the Fed's expanded activities since 2008, including "subsidizing Wall Street," and alleged missteps that contributed to inflation and a problematic housing market. Cochrane argues for a more limited Fed, focused strictly on inflation, to preserve its independence and public trust, suggesting that its broadened scope jeopardizes its core mission and credibility. 1897 BANK OF ENGLAND PARLOR

CBS EYE ON THE WORLD WITH JOHN BATCHELOR SHOW SCHEDULE  9-2-2025 GOOD EVENING: The show begins in the markets, watching Fed Chairman Jerome Powell prepare for the September 16-17 Open Market meeting. 1840 BANK OF LONDON FIRST HOUR 9-915 #MARKETS:   LIZ PEEK THE HILL. FOX NEWS AND FOX BUSINESS: Elizabeth Peek: Elizabeth Peek examines the persistent tension between the White House and the Federal Reserve, observing that Chairman Jay Powell's actions are often perceived as politically motivated. She attributes high inflation during the Biden years to belated rate hikes and points to a "bound up housing market" due to past low mortgage rates and current high rates, making housing unaffordable. Peek highlights the underestimated, rapid impact of AI, noting its widespread adoption (700 million weekly ChatGPT users) indicates genuine, impactful companies rather than a bubble. She also supports Trump's proposal for addressing homelessness via dedicated facilities. 915-930 CONTINUED #MARKETS:   LIZ PEEK THE HILL. FOX NEWS AND FOX BUSINESS Elizabeth Peek: Elizabeth Peek examines the persistent tension between the White House and the Federal Reserve, observing that Chairman Jay Powell's actions are often perceived as politically motivated. She attributes high inflation during the Biden years to belated rate hikes and points to a "bound up housing market" due to past low mortgage rates and current high rates, making housing unaffordable. Peek highlights the underestimated, rapid impact of AI, noting its widespread adoption (700 million weekly ChatGPT users) indicates genuine, impactful companies rather than a bubble. She also supports Trump's proposal for addressing homelessness via dedicated facilities. 930-945 EU: JUDY DEMPSEY, SENIOR SCHOLAR, CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE IN BERLIN. Judy Dempsey: Judy Dempsey analyzes Europe's political instability, including a wobbly French government facing a potential no-confidence vote and President Macron's struggles with reforms, while the far-right National Rally prepares for snap elections. Germany's Chancellor Merz also faces domestic opposition to reforms balancing social welfare and defense spending. Dempsey warns about the rise of anti-Ukraine, pro-Russian, Eurosceptic populist parties across Europe, which pose a significant challenge to regional stability and Washington's foreign policy, despite calls for a European-centric military force. 945-1000 CONTINUED; EU: JUDY DEMPSEY, SENIOR SCHOLAR, CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE IN BERLIN. Judy Dempsey: Judy Dempsey analyzes Europe's political instability, including a wobbly French government facing a potential no-confidence vote and President Macron's struggles with reforms, while the far-right National Rally prepares for snap elections. Germany's Chancellor Merz also faces domestic opposition to reforms balancing social welfare and defense spending. Dempsey warns about the rise of anti-Ukraine, pro-Russian, Eurosceptic populist parties across Europe, which pose a significant challenge to regional stability and Washington's foreign policy, despite calls for a European-centric military force. SECOND HOUR 10-1015 #STATETHINKING: @MARYKISSEL FORMER SENIOR ADVISER TO THE SECRETARY OF STATE. EXECUTIVE VP STEPHENS INC. Mary Kissel: Mary Kissel critiques China's military parade, labeling Xi Jinping's claim of sole WWII victory a "complete fiction" aimed at promoting a "new world order" and expanding influence. She expresses concern over India's presence at the Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit, viewing it as a potential move towards neutrality that could undermine US efforts to counter China's regional militarization. Kissel also attributes the rise of Eurosceptic, pro-Russian populist parties in Europe to the failure of mainstream political parties to adequately address citizens' economic realities, leading to cynicism and a challenge to US policy. 1015-1030 CONTINUED: Mary Kissel: Mary Kissel critiques China's military parade, labeling Xi Jinping's claim of sole WWII victory a "complete fiction" aimed at promoting a "new world order" and expanding influence. She expresses concern over India's presence at the Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit, viewing it as a potential move towards neutrality that could undermine US efforts to counter China's regional militarization. Kissel also attributes the rise of Eurosceptic, pro-Russian populist parties in Europe to the failure of mainstream political parties to adequately address citizens' economic realities, leading to cynicism and a challenge to US policy. 1030-1045 GAZA AND YEMEN: Jonathan Schanzer: Jonathan Schanzer reports on Israel's challenging but successful operation in Gaza City, which has neutralized key Hamas leaders and recovered hostages, significantly weakening the group, with only ten senior leaders remaining. He critically notes Qatar's role as a major patron of Hamas, not acting in good faith during hostage negotiations. Shanzer also highlights Israel's "remarkable operation" in Yemen, demonstrating enhanced intelligence capabilities against Houthi leadership, severely impacting the Iran-backed group. In Lebanon, efforts to disarm Palestinian camps and Hezbollah present a "generational opportunity" for the state to restore sovereignty. 1045-1100 LEBANON AND SYRIA: Jonathan Schanzer: Jonathan Schanzer reports on Israel's challenging but successful operation in Gaza City, which has neutralized key Hamas leaders and recovered hostages, significantly weakening the group, with only ten senior leaders remaining. He critically notes Qatar's role as a major patron of Hamas, not acting in good faith during hostage negotiations. Shanzer also highlights Israel's "remarkable operation" in Yemen, demonstrating enhanced intelligence capabilities against Houthi leadership, severely impacting the Iran-backed group. In Lebanon, efforts to disarm Palestinian camps and Hezbollah present a "generational opportunity" for the state to restore sovereignty. THIRD HOUR 1100-1115 #LONDONCALLING:  @JOSEPHSTERNBERG @WSJOPINION Joseph Sternberg: discusses the alarming speculation that the UK and France might require IMF bailouts due to their enormous debt piles and fiscal deficits, and a political inability to implement austerity measures. He notes the UK is exhibiting "precrisis" signs with a weakening pound and rising long-term borrowing costs, reflecting a loss of investor confidence in its economic growth. Sternberg concludes that these major economies are too large for a traditional IMF bailout, implying they must address their fiscal challenges internally to avoid a financial crisis. 1115-1130 CONTINUED: #LONDONCALLING:  @JOSEPHSTERNBERG @WSJOPINION Joseph Sternberg: Joseph Sternberg discusses the alarming speculation that the UK and France might require IMF bailouts due to their enormous debt piles and fiscal deficits, and a political inability to implement austerity measures. He notes the UK is exhibiting "precrisis" signs with a weakening pound and rising long-term borrowing costs, reflecting a loss of investor confidence in its economic growth. Sternberg concludes that these major economies are too large for a traditional IMF bailout, implying they must address their fiscal challenges internally to avoid a financial crisis. 1130-1145 Professor John Cochrane: Professor John Cochrane addresses the fervent debate over the Federal Reserve's independence, with critics from both political extremes advocating for more accountability. He points to the Fed's expanded activities since 2008, including "subsidizing Wall Street," and alleged missteps that contributed to inflation and a problematic housing market. Cochrane argues for a more limited Fed, focused strictly on inflation, to preserve its independence and public trust, suggesting that its broadened scope jeopardizes its core mission and credibility. 1145-1200 CONTINUED:Professor John Cochrane: Professor John Cochrane addresses the fervent debate over the Federal Reserve's independence, with critics from both political extremes advocating for more accountability. He points to the Fed's expanded activities since 2008, including "subsidizing Wall Street," and alleged missteps that contributed to inflation and a problematic housing market. Cochrane argues for a more limited Fed, focused strictly on inflation, to preserve its independence and public trust, suggesting that its broadened scope jeopardizes its core mission and credibility.. FOURTH HOUR 12-1215 GREGORY COPLEY, DEFENSE & FOREIGN AFFAIRS     Gregory Copley: Gregory Copley discusses China's military parade, calling its claim of sole WWII victory a "breathtaking fiction" meant to boost the Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) collapsing credibility amidst widespread anti-CCP protests and a disrupted military. He highlights India's strategic aim for dominance in Central and South Asia, leading to its presence at the Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit, but not the parade. Copley also notes Europe's fiscal crises, exemplified by France and the UK, which face speculation of IMF bailouts due to political unwillingness to implement spending cuts and a growing reliance on the US for defense. 1215-1230 continued; Gregory Copley: Gregory Copley discusses China's military parade, calling its claim of sole WWII victory a "breathtaking fiction" meant to boost the Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) collapsing credibility amidst widespread anti-CCP protests and a disrupted military. He highlights India's strategic aim for dominance in Central and South Asia, leading to its presence at the Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit, but not the parade. Copley also notes Europe's fiscal crises, exemplified by France and the UK, which face speculation of IMF bailouts due to political unwillingness to implement spending cuts and a growing reliance on the US for defense. 1230-1245 CONTINUED Gregory Copley: Gregory Copley discusses China's military parade, calling its claim of sole WWII victory a "breathtaking fiction" meant to boost the Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) collapsing credibility amidst widespread anti-CCP protests and a disrupted military. He highlights India's strategic aim for dominance in Central and South Asia, leading to its presence at the Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit, but not the parade. Copley also notes Europe's fiscal crises, exemplified by France and the UK, which face speculation of IMF bailouts due to political unwillingness to implement spending cuts and a growing reliance on the US for defense. 1245-100 AM CONTINUED: Gregory Copley: Gregory Copley discusses China's military parade, calling its claim of sole WWII victory a "breathtaking fiction" meant to boost the Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) collapsing credibility amidst widespread anti-CCP protests and a disrupted military. He highlights India's strategic aim for dominance in Central and South Asia, leading to its presence at the Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit, but not the parade. Copley also notes Europe's fiscal crises, exemplified by France and the UK, which face speculation of IMF bailouts due to political unwillingness to implement spending cuts and a growing reliance on the US for defense. R

Professor John Cochrane: Professor John Cochrane of Hoover Institution addresses the fervent debate over the Federal Reserve's independence, with critics from both political extremes advocating for more accountability. He points to the Fed's expanded activities since 2008, including "subsidizing Wall Street," and alleged missteps that contributed to inflation and a problematic housing market. Cochrane argues for a more limited Fed, focused strictly on inflation, to preserve its independence and public trust, suggesting that its broadened scope jeopardizes its core mission and credibility. 1888 BANK OF ENGLAND TEN POUND NOTE

This week we go 'on-farm' to visit Mary Cochrane at Darvel Dexter Beef. Mary has built up an incredible on farm butchery and retail business with a very loyal customer base.  She is such a positive and driven person and I think she makes for a great podcast guest.   You can find Darvel Dexter Beef on facebook here:  https://www.facebook.com/darveldexterbeef/?locale=en_GB   We hope you enjoy, Cammy    Leave us a voice note or text with your question at: (+44) 07986 909845 No calls will be answered, and please keep voice notes short. Thanks to our Sponsors: Crystalyx Herdwatch: https://herdwatchng.app.link/FedbyFarmers You Can Support the show here: Buy us a coffee - https://www.buymeacoffee.com/fedbyfarmers Visit our website to see our range of custom made clothing www.fedbyfarmers.co.uk Our podcast releases on Audio platforms at 7am, and on youtube later the same day.

We talk Jussie Smollett, Highest to Lowest, Meg feeds Klay spaghetti, Cracker Barrel changes logos, and Uncle Nearest. Listen everywhere! The post Not Cracker Barrel!! first appeared on The Poplife Podcast.

Art Bell - Peter Cochrane - Future Technology

Living As Exiles, Part 4 - Dan Cochrane

In this episode of Hey Coach Radio, host Will Grazione and coach Zach Richie visit Gulf Coast Muscle in Largo, Florida, where they interview Dominic Cochrane, Zach's bodybuilding coach. Dominic shares his unique journey from an aspiring orthopedic surgeon to a celebrated bodybuilding coach. The discussion delves into the importance of foundational training, the pitfalls of peak week myths, and the nuances of effective bodybuilding coaching strategies. Dominic emphasizes the value of building deep relationships with clients and the commitment required for long-term success in bodybuilding. The episode also touches on the balance between professional success and personal well-being, underscoring the need for relentless pursuit of one's passion. Tune in for an insightful conversation that sheds light on the intricacies of achieving excellence in the bodybuilding world.  

Joyce talks about the Obamas, ICE raids and the new talking point from the media, the left claiming Trump is now only calling for peace because he wants a Nobel Peace Prize, Denzel Washington tearing apart the media, protests over the National Guard in Washington, groups being harmed by democratic policies while republicans are trying to fix it but don't get the credit, and more. Daniel Cochrane, Heritage Foundation technology expert, calls in to the show to talk about AI Chatbots being programmed to have explicit conversations with minors, possible dangers of the dangers AI, the government role, censorship and policing the internet. See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

How does genetic testing help doctors treat patients? How accurate are private companies like 23andMe? Does knowing your genetic risk help people lead healthier lives or is it just a waste of time and money? Sophie had a bunch of questions about how genetic testing is used in everyday medical practice and Chris was here to answer!   Become a supporter of our show today either on Patreon or through PayPal! Thank you! http://www.patreon.com/thebodyofevidence/ https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=9QZET78JZWCZE   Email us your questions at thebodyofevidence@gmail.com.   Editor:    Robyn Flynn Theme music: “Fall of the Ocean Queen“ by Joseph Hackl Rod of Asclepius designed by Kamil J. Przybos Chris' book, Does Coffee Cause Cancer?: https://ecwpress.com/products/does-coffee-cause-cancer   Obviously, Chris is not your doctor (probably). This podcast is not medical advice for you; it is what we call information. References: Studies evaluating the accuracy of Direct to Consumer genetic testing companies: Ng PC, Murray SS, Levy S, Venter JC. An agenda for personalized medicine. Nature. 2009 Oct 8;461(7265):724-6. doi: 10.1038/461724a. PMID: 19812653. Imai K, Kricka LJ, Fortina P. Concordance study of 3 direct-to-consumer genetic-testing services. Clin Chem. 2011 Mar;57(3):518-21. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2010.158220.  Studies looking at how knowing the results of genetic testing affect medical treatment and lifestyle factors. Mega JL, et al. Genetic risk, coronary heart disease events, and the clinical benefit of statin therapy: an analysis of primary and secondary prevention trials. Lancet. 2015 Jun 6;385(9984):2264-2271. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61730-X Khera AV, Emdin CA, Drake I, Natarajan P, Bick AG, Cook NR, Chasman DI, Baber U, Mehran R, Rader DJ, Fuster V, Boerwinkle E, Melander O, Orho-Melander M, Ridker PM, Kathiresan S. Genetic Risk, Adherence to a Healthy Lifestyle, and Coronary Disease. N Engl J Med. 2016 Dec 15;375(24):2349-2358. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1605086.  The Cochrane review and MI-GENES study which showed that genetic information did not change lifestyle behavior Hollands GJ, French DP, Griffin SJ, Prevost AT, Sutton S, King S, Marteau TM. The impact of communicating genetic risks of disease on risk-reducing health behaviour: systematic review with meta-analysis. BMJ. 2016 Mar 15;352:i1102. doi: 10.1136/bmj.i1102.  Kullo IJ, et al. Incorporating a Genetic Risk Score Into Coronary Heart Disease Risk Estimates: Effect on Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels (the MI-GENES Clinical Trial). Circulation. 2016 Mar 22;133(12):1181-8. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.020109  

Nesse episódio, Leandro Lima, médico clínico e gastroenterologista e editor do Portal Afya, fala sobre sobre a vitamina E e seu impacto na doença hepática esteatótica associada à disfunção metabólica (MASLD). O especialista ainda analisa uma revisão publicada na Cochrane que avaliou os efeitos da vitamina E em mais de 3.500 pacientes com MASLD provenientes de 16 RCTs.Confira esse e outros posts no ⁠Portal Afya⁠ e siga nossas redes sociais!⁠Facebook⁠⁠Instagram⁠⁠Linkedin⁠⁠Twitter

In this episode of the Rational Reminder Podcast, Ben Felix and Dan Bortolotti celebrate the show's 7th anniversary with a conversation centered around timeless investing wisdom. Drawing from a vibrant thread in the Rational Reminder community, they unpack dozens of quotes that distill decades of financial insight into actionable mantras. What begins as a curated list of one-liners quickly evolves into a masterclass on the behavioral and practical realities of long-term investing. From “pay yourself first” to “diversification is the only free lunch,” Ben and Dan explore how psychological resilience, humility, and clear planning matter more than predictive genius. The quotes spark deep discussions on topics ranging from portfolio construction and risk perception to fees, fear, and investor behavior—each one contextualized with real-world examples.   Key Points From This Episode: (0:04) Celebrating 7 years of the podcast and its growing impact across video and audio platforms. (1:33) Reflecting on PWL's evolution and the value-aligned advisors looking to join. (8:00) Introducing the main topic: timeless investing quotes from the Rational Reminder community. (10:24) “Pay yourself first”: Why savings matter more than returns early on. (14:06) The flaws in one-size-fits-all savings rules like “save 10% of your income.” (15:07) “The investor's worst enemy is himself”: Behavioral finance and investor psychology. (17:17) “This time is different”: Templeton's warning against market narratives and FOMO. (20:31) “Have a philosophy you can stick with”: Why strategy persistence matters more than perfection. (23:59) ARK as a case study: Conviction versus performance-chasing. (26:38) Buffett on risk: Be ready for 50% drawdowns—even in diversified portfolios. (28:58) The global market portfolio: Sharpe and Fama's starting point for asset allocation. (31:50) “Far more money is lost preparing for corrections”: Lynch on market timing mistakes. (35:18) Volatility is emotional, not just mathematical—especially in crises like COVID or 2008. (40:29) Charles Ellis: “Risk is not having the money when you need it.” (42:08) “Volatility is the price of admission”: Embracing risk to pursue long-term returns. (44:30) Ken Fisher: “Normal returns are extreme.” Why market behavior is rarely average. (47:16) “Risk is what's left when you think you've thought of everything.” Planning for the unknown. (49:07) Life has a fat tail: LTCM and the perils of underestimating extreme events. (50:25) “Make sure you're at the table, not on the menu”: Cochrane on avoiding bad financial products. (52:31) Bogle: “We get precisely what we don't pay for.” Why low-cost beats high-fee. (55:13) Trading and over-monitoring: Why “doing less” often means better returns. (57:02) “It ain't what you don't know…”: Humility in the face of market uncertainty. (59:26) “Diversification is the only free lunch”: Reducing risk without reducing expected return. (1:00:35) Bogle: “Don't look for the needle. Just buy the haystack.” (1:02:38) Focus on what you can control: Savings, costs, asset allocation—not market returns. Links From Today's Episode: Meet with PWL Capital: https://calendly.com/d/3vm-t2j-h3p Rational Reminder on iTunes — https://itunes.apple.com/ca/podcast/the-rational-reminder-podcast/id1426530582. Rational Reminder Website — https://rationalreminder.ca/  Rational Reminder on Instagram — https://www.instagram.com/rationalreminder/ Rational Reminder on X — https://x.com/RationalRemindRational Reminder on TikTok — www.tiktok.com/@rationalreminder Rational Reminder on YouTube — https://www.youtube.com/channel/ Rational Reminder Email — info@rationalreminder.caBenjamin Felix — https://pwlcapital.com/our-team/ Benjamin on X — https://x.com/benjaminwfelix Benjamin on LinkedIn — https://www.linkedin.com/in/benjaminwfelix/ Dan Bortolotti — https://pwlcapital.com/our-team/ Dan Bortolotti on LinkedIn — https://ca.linkedin.com/in/dan-bortolotti-8a482310 Editing and post-production work for this episode was provided by The Podcast Consultant (https://thepodcastconsultant.com)  

In this episode of the Braun Performance & Rehab Podcast, Dan is joined by Kiki Alexander to discuss her journey surrounding ski racing and how she has overcome injuries during this time.Kiki Alexander is a 23-year-old alpine skier from Cochrane, Alberta, and a proud member of the Canadian Women's Ski Team. She joined the national team in 2022, but unfortunately that season came to a quick stop when she injured her knee. After rehabbing for a year and a half she made her return to the World Cup circuit in November 2024 in Levi Finland. Currently ranked 54th in the world in Slalom, Kiki is known for her relentless work ethic, and magnetic presence both on and off the hill.  Off the slopes, Kiki is passionate about fashion, outdoor adventures and sports. She has been working on a project called Koko by Kiki  for a few years now and hopefully she has something to share with us soon.For more on Kiki be sure to follow @kiki_alexander_*SEASON 6 of the Braun Performance & Rehab Podcast is brought to you by Isophit. For more on Isophit, please check out isophit.com and @isophit -BE SURE to use coupon code BraunPR25% to save 25% on your Isophit order!**Season 6 of the Braun Performance & Rehab Podcast is also brought to you by Firefly Recovery, the official recovery provider for Braun Performance & Rehab. For more on Firefly, please check out https://www.recoveryfirefly.com/ or email jake@recoveryfirefly.com***This episode is also powered by Dr. Ray Gorman, founder of Engage Movement. Learn how to boost your income without relying on sessions. Get a free training on the blended practice model by following @raygormandpt on Instagram. DM my name “Dan” to @raygormandpt on Instagram and receive your free breakdown on the model.Episode Affiliates:MoboBoard: BRAWNBODY10 saves 10% at checkout!AliRx: DBraunRx = 20% off at checkout! https://alirx.health/MedBridge: https://www.medbridgeeducation.com/brawn-body-training or Coupon Code "BRAWN" for 40% off your annual subscription!CTM Band: https://ctm.band/collections/ctm-band coupon code "BRAWN10" = 10% off!Ice shaker affiliate link: https://www.iceshaker.com?sca_ref=1520881.zOJLysQzKeMake sure you SHARE this episode with a friend who could benefit from the information we shared!Check out everything Dan is up to by clicking here: https://linktr.ee/braun_prLiked this episode? Leave a 5-star review on your favorite podcast platform

Chris and Sophie tackle Radon, the odorless, colorless, tasteless and very toxic gas that is present in about 1 in 5 homes. Why do we care? How do you test for it? What should do about it? And why don't we talk about it more? Also Sophie's mind gets blown by a Patron question. Become a supporter of our show today either on Patreon or through PayPal! Thank you! http://www.patreon.com/thebodyofevidence/ https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=9QZET78JZWCZE   Email us your questions at thebodyofevidence@gmail.com. Editor:    Robyn Flynn Theme music: “Fall of the Ocean Queen“ by Joseph Hackl Rod of Asclepius designed by Kamil J. Przybos Chris' book, Does Coffee Cause Cancer?: https://ecwpress.com/products/does-coffee-cause-cancer  Obviously, Chris is not your doctor (probably). This podcast is not medical advice for you; it is what we call information. References: 1)     The 2024 Cross-Canada Radon Survey: https://crosscanadaradon.ca/survey/ 2)     How Radon gets in your home: https://www.quebec.ca/en/housing-territory/healthy-living-environment/residential-radon 3)     Where to order valid Radon tests: http://takeactiononradon.ca 4)     Distribution of Radon geographically across Canada and the US: https://www.epa.gov/radon/epa-map-radon-zones-0  https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1655364/gaz-radon-normes-quebec-canada 5)     Cochrane review on balneotherapy: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD000518.pub2/full?contentLanguage=en

Jamie Hartmann-Boyce and Nicola Lindson discuss emerging evidence in e-cigarette research and interview Elias Klemperer from the University of Vermont, USA. Associate Professor Jamie Hartmann-Boyce and Associate Professor Nicola Lindson discuss the new evidence in e-cigarette research and interview Dr Elias Klemperer behavioural scientist and licenced clinical psychologist, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, USA. Elias works in the field of tobacco regulatory science and tobacco control. He has a special interest in long-term users of both cigarettes and e-cigarettes, dual users, a group who take in nicotine via two methods. In the July podcast Elias Klemperer discusses his recent 2 × 2 factorial trial randomized trial of nicotine replacement therapy (patches and lozenges) in 396 young adult dual users aged 18–29 (DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntaf119). In a randomized factorial trial participants are randomly placed into different groups to test more than one treatment at the same time. The study was funded by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, the Food and Drug Administration, the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and the National Cancer Institute, USA. Elias Klemperer and his team carried out this study as little is known regarding nicotine replacement therapy for young adult dual users, or whether to recommend quitting versus continuing e-cigarettes during smoking cessation treatment. The participants received 12 weeks of combination NRT compared to no NRT for stopping smoking, plus text-based treatment recommendations to quit or to continue using e-cigarettes. This advice was delivered via written material, an animated video they developed in-house, and text message support during the 12-week treatment period. The study looked at abstinence from cigarettes at 12 and 24 weeks. Their study found that NRT was effective in promoting early smoking cessation among young adult dual users. Their secondary findings indicated that pairing NRT with support to quit both products could enhance the effects on prolonged cigarette abstinence. This podcast is a companion to the electronic cigarettes Cochrane living systematic review and Interventions for quitting vaping review and shares the evidence from the monthly searches. Our search for the EC for smoking cessation review carried out on 1st July 2025 found six papers linked studies included in the review (10.1101/2025.05.06.25327053; 10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.101833; 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112740; 10.1186/s13722-025-00575-w; 10.1038/s41598-025-03904-w; 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-098005). Our search for our interventions for quitting vaping review up to 1st July 2025 found one new study by Klemperer et al discussed in this podcast (10.1093/ntr/ntaf119), one new ongoing study (10.1136/bmjopen-2024-096963), and two linked papers (10.1093/heapro/daaf085; 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.04.012). For further details see our webpage under 'Monthly search findings': https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/research/electronic-cigarettes-for-smoking-cessation-cochrane-living-systematic-review-1 For more information on the full Cochrane review of E-cigarettes for smoking cessation updated in January 2025 see: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub9/full For more information on the full Cochrane review of Interventions for quitting vaping published in January 2025 see: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD016058.pub2/full This podcast is supported by Cancer Research UK.

We find ourselves in the midst of a new revolution: The AI Revolution. Complex computer models are now able to replicate human thought, making them capable of an entirely new realm of tasks. AI is going to affect the way we work, where we live, how we learn and process information, how we bank, how we write, even how we interact with people around us. Governments around the world are paying attention to the possibilities that AI offers, and ours is no exception. I sat down with Daniel Cochrane, senior research associate for the Center for Technology and the Human Person at The Heritage Foundation, to talk about what the Trump Administration is saying about AI. —Follow Daniel Cochrane on X: https://x.com/realdcochraneHave thoughts? Let us know at heritageexplains@heritage.org

We find ourselves in the midst of a new revolution: The AI Revolution. Complex computer models are now able to replicate human thought, making them capable of an entirely new realm of tasks. AI is going to affect the way we work, where we live, how we learn and process information, how we bank, how […]

You can send me a text if you have a comment or questionWe cover resistance to the French invasion of Catalonia in 1808.  What can a lone frigate do?  And then the battle of the Basque Roads (in Western France near Roquefort) where very unorthodox fireship tactics were used, French loses were high, but it could have been an annihilation victory except for…well, are we looking at the very worst traits of the Royal Navy?Captain Thomas Cochrane has the perfect set of adventures to illustrate this whole issue and what an active Royal Navy frigate could do to help local Spanish, though they might prefer to be called Catalonians, resist the French.Cochrane we have met before (he is Jack Aubrey, but real), as a young master and commander, he and the crew of his 14 gun brig, Speedy, took the 32 gun Spanish xebec frigate the El Gamo.  Boarded her, defeated the 6 times larger crew and captured her, bringing her back to port as a prize.  What should have been a beautiful relationship between the young captain and the senior admiral Jervis, turned bitter and sour as the Admiral's actions were properly correct procedurally rather than warm and generous, as might be expected to reward a once in a millennium level of accomplishment.  

Listen in as I speak with Stephan Kesting—martial artist, author, and serious outdoor adventurer. In this episode, we're diving into highlights from his incredible solo 1,000-mile canoe journey from Missinipe, Saskatchewan to Arviat, Nunavut. He paddled and portaged through some of Canada's most remote wilderness, following the Churchill, Reindeer, Cochrane, and Thlewiaza Rivers, crossing massive lakes like Reindeer and Nueltin, and making his way down through the Barren Lands all the way to the shores of Hudson Bay.It's a wild story of grit, solitude, and survival.If you want the full trip report, check it out at grapplearts.com/solo, and if this kind of adventure speaks to you, Stephan's book Perseverance: Life and Death in the Subarctic is a must-read. https://www.amazon.ca/Perseverance-Death-Subarctic-Stephan-Kesting/dp/1639368612Huge thanks to Mannmade Cycles for sponsoring the My Back 40 PodcastSave 25% at Dynamic Cyclist when you use the promo code MB40 at checkout.Save 15% at Redshift Sports when you use the code MB40Save 50% off your first month of coaching at Cycling 101 when you use the code MB40 at checkout.Thanks to Spandex Panda for their support.Thanks to Lakeside Bikes in Invermere for keeping me rolling!

Mommy forums are awash with medical misinformation. Robyn is back to discuss why some moms suggest drinking water melon juice instead of sunscreen, using castor oil to treat just about everything, and why most people seem to have forgotten that you shouldn't give honey to a baby.   Become a supporter of our show today either on Patreon or through PayPal! Thank you! http://www.patreon.com/thebodyofevidence/ https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=9QZET78JZWCZE   Email us your questions at thebodyofevidence@gmail.com.   Editor:    Robyn Flynn Theme music: “Fall of the Ocean Queen“ by Joseph Hackl Rod of Asclepius designed by Kamil J. Przybos Chris' book, Does Coffee Cause Cancer?: https://ecwpress.com/products/does-coffee-cause-cancer   Obviously, Chris is not your doctor (probably). This podcast is not medical advice for you; it is what we call information. References: 1) The Cochrane review about castor oil and pregnancy outcomes: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003099.pub2/full 2) A primer on the concept of immune amnesia and the complications of measles:  https://hms.harvard.edu/news/inside-immune-amnesia  

Se o seu ex (de quatro anos atrás) casasse hoje, você sentiria dor ou alívio? Neste episódio, falo sobre o vídeo do filho da Marília Gabriela, curiosidades científicas e dou duas notícias maravilhosas! Venha ouvir. -

Primary articles discussed:* First myocardial infarction: risk factors, symptoms, and medical therapy* Oral vs Extended-Release Injectable Naltrexone for Hospitalized Patients With Alcohol Use DisorderA Randomized Clinical TrialArticles referenced:* Pharmacotherapy for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis* General health checks in adults for reducing morbidity and mortality from disease: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.sensible-med.com/subscribe

We talk Damion Hall saying Guy is the best male R&B group EVER (not), Essencefest, Zohran Mamdami, Beyonce’s Cowboy Carter tour, Philly is smelly, and Dr. Cheyenne Bryant tells us she’s in a situationship. Enjoy!!!! The post Damion Go Sit Down first appeared on The Poplife Podcast.

Investi con ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Scalable⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, 3,5% di interessi sulla liquidità (*) (#adv) . Come possono coesistere le tesi dell'investimento passivo con una gestione dinamica dell'asset allocation? Come adattare il portafoglio a diversi scenari di lungo termine del mercato senza cadere nel market timing? Perché le azioni possono essere considerate come dei bond? Asset allocation con regola di Merton (scaricare una copia) A. Ilmanen, Understanding Expected Returns, P. 1, P. 2, P. 3, P. 4 J. Cochrane, Discount Rates =============================================== Investi con ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Fineco⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, 60 trade gratis nei primi tre mesi con il codice ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠TRD060-TB⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Prova gratis la newsletter di ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠DataTrek⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ per 15 giorni. Naviga in totale sicurezza con ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠NordVPN⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Migliaia di libri audioriassunti su ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠4Books⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. I link sono sponsorizzati e l'Autore potrebbe percepire una commissione. (*) fino al 31/12/2025, offerta valida per i nuovi clienti. Si applicano termini e condizioni. =============================================== ATTENZIONE: I contenuti di questo canale hanno esclusivamente finalità di informare e intrattenere. Le informazioni fornite sul canale hanno valore indicativo e non sono complete circa le caratteristiche dei prodotti menzionati. Chiunque ne faccia uso per fini diversi da quelli puramente informativi cui sono destinati, se ne assume la piena responsabilità. Tutti i riferimenti a singoli strumenti finanziari non devono essere intesi come attività di consulenza in materia di investimenti, né come invito all'acquisto dei prodotti o servizi menzionati. Investire comporta il rischio di perdere il proprio capitale. Investi solo se sei consapevole dei rischi che stai correndo. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

We've got some wild and occasionally disturbing Star Trek episodes this week, episodes that also introduce us to a couple of very important characters. First up it's the father of the space warp in Metamorphosis, then we spend some quality time with Spock's folks in Journey to Babel! CHAPTERS: (00:00:00) - The Nextlander Watchcast Episode 142: Star Trek: Metamorphosis and Journey to Babel (00:00:30) - Intro. (00:02:09) - Launching right into Metamorphosis, and some of our beefs with it. (00:06:42) - Production notes (and several asides about Cochrane and warp drive). (00:16:11) - Our guest stars this week. (00:19:03) - Kicking the episode off proper with a stranded shuttle and a pissed off commissioner.  (00:25:44) - Running afoul of a psychedelic space cloud. (00:27:42) - Zefram Cochrane? Here? Now? (00:32:43) - The commissioner gets pissy, and Nimoy does a stunt roll. (00:37:09) - What is the Enterprise up to during all of this, and now it's time to talk to the Companion. (00:42:15) - Cochrane's turn. (00:48:34) - Kirk's last big plea, and the Companion decides to become a human lady. (00:57:40) - Final thoughts. (00:59:24) - Break! (00:59:48) - We're back, and it's time to Journey to Babel. (01:04:15) - Production notes. (01:12:00) - Cast chat. (01:20:12) - A diplomat AND a parent. (01:28:41) - Some special effects talk, and meeting a room full of alien diplomats. (01:38:20) - The mysterious vessel of the week, and murder is afoot. (01:43:39) - Kirk gets shanked, and Spock's command snafu. (01:49:50) - Kirk's ruse, Sarek's surgery, and when an Andorian is not an Andorian. (01:55:52) - Sarek is saved! (02:01:01) - Final thoughts. (02:05:30) - Next week's episodes, scheduling housekeeping, and outro.

Daniel Cochrane, Senior Research Associate for the Center for Technology and the Human Person at The Heritage Foundation. Senate Overwhelmingly Rejects AI Moratorium

Jamie Hartmann-Boyce and Nicola Lindson interview Lauren McMillan, University of Stirling about her project evaluating the effectiveness of an e-cigarette intervention for smoking cessation at centres for people experiencing or at risk of homelessness. Associate Professor Jamie Hartmann-Boyce and Associate Professor Nicola Lindson discuss the new evidence in e-cigarette research and interview Lauren McMillan from the Institute for Social Marketing and Health (ISMH) at the University of Stirling. In the June podcast Lauren discusses Project SCeTCH - a cluster RCT that evaluates the effectiveness of an e-cigarette intervention vs usual care at centres for people experiencing or at risk of homelessness. The study measures smoking abstinence over a 6 month follow-up period and includes embedded process and economic evaluations. If effective, the results will be used to inform the larger-scale implementation of offering e-cigarettes throughout centres for people experiencing or at risk of homelessness to aid smoking cessation. Lauren is part of the research team, led by Dr Allison Ford at the University of Stirling, that conducted the process evaluation of the SCeTCH trial . The main SCeTCH trial was led by Professor Lynne Dawkins (London Southbank University) and Dr Sharon Cox (University College London). This podcast is a companion to the electronic cigarettes Cochrane living systematic review and Interventions for quitting vaping review and shares the evidence from the monthly searches. Our search for the EC for smoking cessation review carried out on 1st June 2025 found 1 ongoing study: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06948058 Our search for our interventions for quitting vaping review up to 1st June 2025 found 2 new (DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntaf112; 10.1016/j.amepre.2025.107664) and 2 linked papers (DOI: 10.2196/72002; 10.1016/j.cct.2025.107958) For further details see our webpage under 'Monthly search findings': https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/research/electronic-cigarettes-for-smoking-cessation-cochrane-living-systematic-review-1 For more information on the full Cochrane review of E-cigarettes for smoking cessation updated in January 2025 see: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub9/full For more information on the full Cochrane review of Interventions for quitting vaping published in January 2025 see: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD016058.pub2/full This podcast is supported by Cancer Research UK.

Summary In this episode of the Pain Exam Podcast, Dr. David Rosenblum provides a comprehensive review of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), focusing on pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment options. Dr. Rosenblum explains that postherpetic neuralgia affects approximately 25% of patients with acute herpes zoster, causing debilitating unilateral chronic pain in one or more dermatomes. He discusses the three phases of herpes zoster: acute (up to 30 days), subacute (up to 3 months), and postherpetic neuralgia (pain continuing beyond 3 months). Dr. Rosenblum identifies risk factors for developing PHN, including older age, female sex, immunosuppression, prodromal pain, severe rash, and greater acute pain severity. He details the pathophysiology involving peripheral and central sensitization, and explains different phenotypes of PHN that can guide treatment approaches. For treatment, Dr. Rosenblum reviews various options including antiviral medications (which should be started within 72 hours of onset), corticosteroids, opioids, antidepressants (particularly tricyclics and SNRIs), antiepileptics (gabapentin and pregabalin), topical agents (lidocaine and capsaicin), and interventional procedures such as epidural injections and pulsed radiofrequency. He emphasizes that prevention through vaccination with Shingrix is highly effective, with 97% effectiveness in preventing herpes zoster in patients 50-69 years old and 89% effectiveness in those over 70. Dr. Rosenblum mentions that he's currently treating a patient with trigeminal postherpetic neuralgia and is considering a topical sphenopalatine ganglion block as a minimally invasive intervention before attempting more invasive procedures. Chapters Introduction to the Pain Exam Podcast and Topic Overview Dr. David Rosenblum introduces the Pain Exam Podcast, mentioning that it covers painful disorders, alternative treatments, and practice management. He explains that this episode focuses on herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia as board preparation for fellows starting their programs, with ABA boards coming up in September. Dr. Rosenblum notes that he's not only preparing listeners for boards but also seeking the latest information to help treat his own patients with this notoriously difficult disease. Upcoming Conferences and Educational Opportunities Dr. Rosenblum announces several upcoming conferences including Aspen in July, Pain Week in September, and events with NYSIP and the Latin American Pain Society. He mentions he'll be teaching ultrasound and regenerative medicine at these events. Dr. Rosenblum invites listeners to sign up at nrappain.org to access a community discussing regenerative medicine, ultrasound-guided pain medicine, regional anesthesia, and board preparation. He also offers ultrasound training in New York and elsewhere, with upcoming sessions in Manhattan on July 12th and October 4th, plus private shadowing opportunities. Overview of Postherpetic Neuralgia Dr. Rosenblum defines postherpetic neuralgia as typically a unilateral chronic pain in one or more dermatomes after acute herpes zoster infection. He states that the incidence of acute herpes zoster ranges between 3-5 patients per thousand person-years, and one in four patients with acute herpes zoster-related pain will transition into postherpetic neuralgia. Dr. Rosenblum emphasizes that while this condition won't kill patients, it can be extremely debilitating and significantly reduce quality of life. Treatment Options Overview Dr. Rosenblum reviews treatment options according to the WHO pain ladder, including tricyclics like nortriptyline and antiepileptic drugs such as gabapentin. He explains that if pain is not significantly reduced, interventional treatments like epidural injections with local anesthetics and corticosteroids or pulsed radiofrequency of the dorsal root ganglion are options. For postherpetic neuralgia specifically, Dr. Rosenblum notes that preferred treatments include transdermal capsaicin, lidocaine, or oral drugs such as antidepressants or antiepileptics. Phases of Herpes Zoster and Definitions Dr. Rosenblum outlines the three phases during herpes zoster reactivation: acute herpes zoster-related pain (lasting maximum 30 days), subacute herpes zoster-related pain (pain after healing of vesicles but disappearing within 3 months), and postherpetic neuralgia (typically defined as pain continuing after 3 months). He mentions that acute herpes zoster pain often begins with prodromal pain starting a few days before the appearance of the rash. Incidence and Risk Factors Dr. Rosenblum states that the incidence of herpes zoster ranges between 3-5 patients per 1,000 person-years, with approximately 5-30% of cases leading to postherpetic neuralgia. He identifies risk factors including older age, female sex, immunosuppression, prodromal pain, severe rash, and greater acute pain severity. Dr. Rosenblum describes the clinical manifestations as a mosaic of somatosensory symptoms including burning, deep aching pain, tingling, itching, stabbing, often associated with tactile and cold allodynia. Impact on Quality of Life Dr. Rosenblum emphasizes that postherpetic neuralgia can be debilitating, impacting both physical and emotional functioning and causing decreased quality of life. He notes that it leads to fatigue, insomnia, depression, anorexia, anxiety, and emotional distress. Dr. Rosenblum stresses the importance of exploring methods for prevention of postherpetic neuralgia and optimizing pain treatment for both subacute herpes zoster-related pain and postherpetic neuralgia. Literature Review and Pathophysiology Dr. Rosenblum mentions that he's discussing a literature review from 2024 that updates previous practical guidelines published in 2011. He explains the pathophysiology of postherpetic neuralgia, which involves sensitization of peripheral and sensory nerves from damage. Dr. Rosenblum describes how inflammatory mediators reduce the stimulus threshold of nociceptors and increase responsiveness, resulting in pathological spontaneous discharges, lower thresholds for thermal and mechanical stimuli, and hyperalgesia. Central Sensitization and Nerve Damage Dr. Rosenblum explains that central sensitization results from peripheral nociceptor hyperactivity leading to plastic changes in the central nervous system, involving amplification of pain signals and reduced inhibition. He describes how nerve damage in postherpetic neuralgia patients results from neuronal death due to severe inflammatory stimuli or secondary to neuronal swelling. Dr. Rosenblum notes that motor defects occur in 0.05% of patients with herpes zoster, observed as abdominal pseudohernias or motor weakness of limbs limited to the affected myotome. Different Phenotypes and Classification Dr. Rosenblum discusses different phenotypes of postherpetic neuralgia and how phenotyping can determine treatment. He explains that there are several ways to classify the phenotypes, with one categorizing patients into three subtypes: sensory loss (most common), thermal gain, and thermal loss with mechanical gain. Dr. Rosenblum describes the mechanistic categorization, including the irritable nociceptive phenotype characterized by preserved sensation, profound dynamic mechanical allodynia, reduced pressure pain threshold, and relief with local anesthetic infiltration. Deafferentation Phenotype Dr. Rosenblum explains that a deafferentation phenotype may arise from destruction of neurons by the virus in the dorsal root ganglion. This phenotype is characterized by sensory loss, including thermal and vibratory sensation without prominent thermal allodynia. He notes that mechanical allodynia can occur secondary to A-beta fibers activating spinothalamic pathways (known as phenotypic switches), along with pressure hyperalgesia and temporal summation suggesting central sensitization. Dr. Rosenblum mentions that in one study, this phenotype was present in 10.8% of individuals, and for those with deafferentation pain, gabapentinoids, antidepressants, and neuromodulatory therapies like repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation may be beneficial. Diagnosis and Physical Examination Dr. Rosenblum discusses the diagnosis of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia, emphasizing the importance of physical examination. He explains that diagnosis is based on the rash, redness, papules, and vesicles in the painful dermatomes, with healing vesicles showing crust formation. Dr. Rosenblum notes that the rash is generally unilateral and does not cross the midline of the body. In postherpetic neuralgia patients, he mentions that scarring, hyper or hypopigmentation is often visible, with allodynia present in 45-75% of affected patients. Sensory Testing and Assessment Dr. Rosenblum explains that in patients with postherpetic neuralgia, a mosaic of somatosensory alterations can occur, manifesting as hyperalgesia, allodynia, and sensory loss. These can be quantified by quantitative sensory testing, which assesses somatosensory functions, dermal detection thresholds for perception of cold, warmth, and paradoxical heat sensations. He notes that testing can provide clues regarding underlying mechanisms of pain, impaired conditioned pain modulation, temporal summation suggesting central sensitization, and information about the type of nerve damage and surviving afferent neurons. Prevention Through Vaccination Dr. Rosenblum discusses prevention of acute herpes zoster through vaccination, noting that the risk increases with reduced immunity. He highlights studies evaluating Shingrix, a vaccine for herpes zoster, which showed 97% effectiveness in preventing herpes zoster in patients 50-69 years old with healthy immune systems and 89% effectiveness in patients over 70. Dr. Rosenblum states that Shingrix is 89-91% effective in preventing postherpetic neuralgia development in patients with healthy immune systems and 68-91% effective in those with weakened or underlying conditions. Treatment Objectives Dr. Rosenblum outlines the treatment objectives for herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia. For acute herpes zoster, objectives include relieving pain, reducing severity and duration of pain, accelerating recovery of epidermal defects, and preventing secondary infections. For postherpetic neuralgia, the objectives are pain alleviation and improved quality of life. Dr. Rosenblum lists available treatments including psychotherapy, opiates, antidepressants, antiepileptics, NMDA antagonists, topical agents, and interventional treatments such as epidurals, pulsed radiofrequency, nerve blocks, and spinal cord stimulation. Antiviral Medications Dr. Rosenblum emphasizes that antiviral drugs should be started within 72 hours of clinical onset, mentioning famciclovir, valacyclovir, and acyclovir. He notes there is no evidence for effectiveness after 72 hours in patients with uncomplicated herpes zoster. Dr. Rosenblum provides dosing information: for immunocompetent patients, famciclovir 500mg and valacyclovir 1000mg three times daily for seven days; for immunocompromised patients, famciclovir 1000mg three times daily for 10 days, while acyclovir should be given IV in the immunocompromised. Benefits of Antiviral Therapy Dr. Rosenblum explains that antiviral medication accelerates the disappearance of vesicles and crusts, promotes healing of skin lesions, and prevents new lesions from forming. By inhibiting viral replication, he notes that antiviral therapy likely reduces nerve damage, resulting in reduced incidence of postherpetic neuralgia, and should be started as soon as possible. Corticosteroids and Opioids Dr. Rosenblum discusses the use of corticosteroids, noting that when added to antiviral medications, they may reduce the severity of acute herpes zoster-related pain, though increased healing of skin lesions was not observed in one study. He mentions that a Cochrane review found oral corticosteroids ineffective in preventing postherpetic neuralgia. Regarding opioids, Dr. Rosenblum states they are commonly used alongside antivirals for controlling acute herpes zoster pain, with tramadol having a number needed to treat (NNT) of 4.7 and strong opioids having an NNT of 4.3 for 50% pain reduction. Methadone and Antidepressants Dr. Rosenblum discusses methadone as an NMDA receptor antagonist used in acute and chronic pain management, though he notes there are no randomized controlled trials determining its efficacy in acute herpes zoster pain or postherpetic neuralgia. He explains that methadone can modulate pain stimuli by inhibiting the uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, resulting in decreased development of hyperalgesia and opioid tolerance, but has side effects including constipation, nausea, sedation, and QT prolongation that can trigger torsades de pointes. Dr. Rosenblum identifies antidepressants as first-line therapy for postherpetic neuralgia, including tricyclics and SNRIs, with tricyclics having an NNT of 3 and SNRIs an NNT of 6.4 for 50% pain reduction. Antiepileptics and Pharmacological Treatment Summary Dr. Rosenblum discusses antiepileptics like gabapentin and pregabalin for postherpetic neuralgia. He cites two trials measuring gabapentin's effect, concluding it was effective compared to placebo with a pooled NNT of 4.4, while pregabalin had an NNT of 4.9. Dr. Rosenblum summarizes that pharmacological treatment is well established for subacute herpes zoster pain, though new high-quality evidence has been lacking since the last update in 2011. Topical Agents Dr. Rosenblum discusses local anesthetic topical agents including lidocaine and capsaicin creams and patches. He notes that 8% capsaicin provided significant pain reduction during 2-8 weeks, while 5% lidocaine patches provided moderate pain relief after eight weeks of treatment. Dr. Rosenblum also mentions acute herpes zoster intracutaneous injections, citing a study where single intracutaneous injection with methylprednisolone combined with ropivacaine versus saline alone showed significant difference in VAS score at 1 and 4 weeks post-intervention favoring the intervention group. Intracutaneous Injections Dr. Rosenblum discusses the effect of repetitive intracutaneous injections with ropivacaine and methylprednisolone every 48 hours for one week. He cites a randomized control trial comparing antivirals plus analgesics to antivirals plus analgesics and repeat injections, finding the intervention group had significantly shorter duration of pain, lower VAS scores, and lower incidence of postherpetic neuralgia (6.4% vs 28% at 3 months). Dr. Rosenblum notes that a potential side effect of cutaneous methylprednisolone injection is fat atrophy, though this wasn't reported in the study. Summary of Local Anesthetics Dr. Rosenblum summarizes that there are no new studies reporting the efficacy of capsaicin 8% for postherpetic neuralgia, but it remains widely used in clinical practice and is approved in several countries. He notes that lidocaine patches can reduce pain intensity in patients with postherpetic neuralgia but may be more beneficial in patients with allodynia. Dr. Rosenblum adds that intracutaneous injections may be helpful for short periods, while repetitive injections with local anesthetics may reduce VAS scores for up to six months but can cause subcutaneous fat atrophy. Interventional Treatments: Epidural and Paravertebral Injections Dr. Rosenblum discusses interventional treatments, noting that previous guidelines found epidural injection with corticosteroids and local anesthetic as add-on therapy superior to standard care alone for up to one month in managing acute herpes zoster pain. He mentions a randomized controlled trial showing no difference between interlaminar and transforaminal epidural steroid injections for up to three months after the procedure. Dr. Rosenblum adds that previous guidelines reported high-quality evidence that paravertebral injections of corticosteroids or local anesthetic reduces pain in the active phase of herpes zoster. Comparative Studies on Injection Approaches Dr. Rosenblum discusses a trial comparing efficacy of repetitive paravertebral blocks with ropivacaine versus dexmedetomidine to prevent postherpetic neuralgia, which showed significantly lower incidence of zoster-related pain one month after therapy in the dexmedetomidine group, with effects still significant at three months. He also mentions a study comparing steroid injections administered via interlaminar versus transforaminal approaches, finding both groups had significantly lower VAS scores at 1 and 3 months follow-up compared to baseline, though this could align with the natural course of herpes zoster. Timing of Interventions and Continuous Epidural Blockade Dr. Rosenblum cites a retrospective study showing that transforaminal epidural injections administered for acute herpes zoster-related pain were associated with significantly shorter time to pain relief compared to those performed in the subacute phase. He also mentions a randomized controlled trial finding that continuous epidural blockade combined with opioids and gabapentin reduced NRS pain scores more than analgesic drug treatments alone during three-day follow-up, though both studies were low-quality. Interventions for Postherpetic Neuralgia Dr. Rosenblum discusses interventions specifically for postherpetic neuralgia, citing a small randomized controlled trial that demonstrated decreased NRS pain scores six months post-treatment for repeat versus single epidural steroid injections (15mg vs 5mg dexamethasone) administered over 24 days. The trial also found increased likelihood of complete remission during 6-month follow-up in the group receiving repeat epidural dexamethasone, though this was low-quality evidence. Summary of Epidural and Paravertebral Injections Dr. Rosenblum summarizes that epidural or paravertebral injections of local anesthetic and/or glucocorticoids could be considered in treating acute herpes zoster-related pain. For subacute postherpetic neuralgia pain, he notes low-quality evidence supporting epidural injections, while for postherpetic neuralgia, evidence supports continuous epidural infusion, though also of low quality. Dr. Rosenblum emphasizes that none of the included studies for postherpetic neuralgia investigating epidural or paravertebral injections resulted in decreased pain compared to standard therapy. Pulsed Radiofrequency (PRF) Evidence Dr. Rosenblum discusses pulsed radiofrequency (PRF), noting that previous guidelines indicated moderate quality evidence that PRF of the intercostal nerve reduces pain for 6 months in patients with postherpetic neuralgia, and very low-quality evidence that PRF to the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) reduces pain for 6 months. He mentions that multiple studies have been published since then assessing PRF efficacy. PRF Studies for Acute Herpes Zoster Dr. Rosenblum discusses a randomized controlled trial with 60 patients comparing high-voltage bipolar PRF of the cervical sympathetic chain versus sham, with treatment repeated after three days in both groups. He reports that VAS scores in the PRF group at each post-interventional point (1 day, 2 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months) were significantly lower than in the sham group, and at 3 months, the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia was 16.7% in the PRF group compared to 40% in the sham group. PRF for Trigeminal Neuralgia Dr. Rosenblum cites another randomized controlled trial evaluating high-voltage long-duration PRF of the Gasserian ganglion in 96 patients with subacute herpes-related trigeminal neuralgia, which found decreased VAS pain scores at all post-interventional time points (3, 7, 14 days and 1, 3, and 6 months) compared to the sham group. He also mentions a randomized comparative effectiveness study in 120 patients with subacute trigeminal herpes zoster, comparing a single application of high-voltage PRF to the Gasserian ganglion versus three cycles of conventional PRF treatment, finding significantly lower mean VAS pain scores for up to six months in the high-voltage PRF group. PRF Compared to Other Interventions Dr. Rosenblum discusses a randomized controlled trial comparing PRF to short-term spinal cord stimulation, which found decreased pain and improved 36-item short-form health survey scores in both groups at six months. He also mentions a randomized controlled trial in 72 patients where PRF of spinal nerves or peripheral branches of cranial nerves combined with five-day infusion of IV lidocaine resulted in greater pain reduction, less rescue analgesia, and reduced inflammatory cytokines at two months compared to PRF with saline infusions. Dr. Rosenblum notes a major limitation of this study was not accounting for the high natural recovery rate. Summary of PRF and Final Recommendations Dr. Rosenblum summarizes that PRF provides significant pain relief lasting over three months in patients with subacute herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia. He notes that since few studies have compared PRF versus sham, it's not possible to calculate an accurate number needed to treat. Dr. Rosenblum mentions there are no comparative studies comparing PRF to the intercostal nerves versus PRF of the DRG, but both preclinical and clinical studies suggest superiority of the DRG approach. He adds that evidence for spinal cord stimulation for postherpetic neuralgia is of low quality, and more research is needed given its invasive nature. Sympathetic Blocks and Conclusion Dr. Rosenblum notes there is low-quality evidence for using sympathetic blocks to treat acute herpes zoster-related pain, but no evidence for their use in postherpetic neuralgia. He mentions that risks of treatment with intrathecal methylprednisolone are unclear and therefore not recommended. Dr. Rosenblum concludes by praising the comprehensive article he's been discussing and mentions it provides insight for treating his patients, including a recent case of trigeminal postherpetic neuralgia. Personal Clinical Approach and Closing Dr. Rosenblum shares that he doesn't currently perform PRF in his practice, partly because it's not standard of care and not well reimbursed, creating barriers to implementation. However, he notes that PRF is a very safe procedure as it doesn't involve burning tissue. For his patient with trigeminal neuralgia pain, Dr. Rosenblum plans to try a topical sphenopalatine ganglion block as the least invasive intervention before considering injecting the trigeminal nerves at the foramen, in addition to pharmacotherapy. He concludes by thanking listeners, encouraging them to check the show notes and links, mentioning institutional memberships and shadowing opportunities, and asking listeners to rate and share the podcast. Q&A No Q&A session in this lecture Pain Management Board Prep   Ultrasound Training REGISTER TODAY!   Create an Account and get Free Access to the PainExam- NRAP Academy Community Highlights     David Rosenblum, MD, currently serves as the Director of Pain Management at Maimonides Medical Center and AABP Integrative Pain Care.  As a member of the Department of Anesthesiology, he is involved in teaching, research, CME activities, and was key faculty in developing the anesthesiology residency's regional anesthesia block rotation, as well as institutional wide acute and chronic pain management protocols to ensure safe and effective pain management. He currently is a managing partner in a multi-physician private pain practice, AABP Integrative Pain Care, located in Brooklyn, NY. He is one of the earliest interventional pain physicians to integrate ultrasound guidance to improve the safety and accuracy of interventional pain procedures.   Awards New York Magazine: Top Doctors: 2016, 2017, 2018, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 Schneps Media: 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019, 2020 Top Doctors New York Metro Area (digital guide): 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 2025 Schneps Media - Brooklyn Courier Life: 2021, 2022, 2023   Dr. Rosenblum written several book chapters on Peripheral Neuromodulation, Radiofrequency Ablation, and Pharmacology.  He has published numerous noteworthy articles and most recently is developing the ASIPP Guidelines for Peripheral Neuromodulation in the treatment of chronic pain. He has been named several times in NY Magazine's Best Pain Management Doctor List, Nassau County's Best Pain Physician, has appeared on NY1 News, and has made several appearances on XM Radio's Doctor Talk. He currently is lecturing on a national and international level and has partnered with the American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP), American Society of Pain and Neuroscience (ASPN), IASP Mexican Chapter, Eastern Pain Association (EPA), the North American Neuromodulation Society (NANS), World Academy of Pain Medicine United, as well as various other organizations, to support educational events and develop new courses. Since 2008, he has helped over 3000 physicians pass the Pain Management Boards, and has been at the forefront of utilizing ultrasound guidance to perform pain procedures.  He now hosts the PainExam podcast, AnesthesiaExam Podcast, PMRExam Podcasts and uses this platform to promote the safe and effective use of ultrasound in the performance of various procedures such as Peripheral Nerve Stimulation, Caudal Epidurals, Selective Nerve Root Blocks, Cluneal Nerve Blocks, Ganglion impar Blocks, Stellate Ganglion Blocks, Brachial Plexus Blocks, Joint Injections and much more!   Doctor Rosenblum created the NRAP (Neuromodulation Regional Anesthesia and Pain) Academy  and travels to teach various courses focused on Pain Medicine, Regenerative Medicine, Ultrasound Guided Pain Procedures and Regional Anesthesia Techniques.  Dr. Rosenblum is persistent when it comes to eliminating pain and has gained a reputation among his patients for thinking "outside the box" and implements ultrasound guidance to deposit medications, biologics (PRP, Bone Marrow Aspirate, etc.) and Peripheral Nerve Stimulators near pain generators. He is currently treating patients in his great neck and Brooklyn office.  For an appointment go to AABPpain.com or call Brooklyn     718 436 7246 Reference Adriaansen, E. J., Jacobs, J. G., Vernooij, L. M., van Wijck, A. J., Cohen, S. P., Huygen, F. J., & Rijsdijk, M. (2025). 8. Herpes zoster and post herpetic neuralgia. Pain Practice, 25(1), e13423.

Summary In this episode of the Pain Exam Podcast, Dr. David Rosenblum provides a comprehensive review of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), focusing on pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment options. Dr. Rosenblum explains that postherpetic neuralgia affects approximately 25% of patients with acute herpes zoster, causing debilitating unilateral chronic pain in one or more dermatomes. He discusses the three phases of herpes zoster: acute (up to 30 days), subacute (up to 3 months), and postherpetic neuralgia (pain continuing beyond 3 months). Dr. Rosenblum identifies risk factors for developing PHN, including older age, female sex, immunosuppression, prodromal pain, severe rash, and greater acute pain severity. He details the pathophysiology involving peripheral and central sensitization, and explains different phenotypes of PHN that can guide treatment approaches. For treatment, Dr. Rosenblum reviews various options including antiviral medications (which should be started within 72 hours of onset), corticosteroids, opioids, antidepressants (particularly tricyclics and SNRIs), antiepileptics (gabapentin and pregabalin), topical agents (lidocaine and capsaicin), and interventional procedures such as epidural injections and pulsed radiofrequency. He emphasizes that prevention through vaccination with Shingrix is highly effective, with 97% effectiveness in preventing herpes zoster in patients 50-69 years old and 89% effectiveness in those over 70. Dr. Rosenblum mentions that he's currently treating a patient with trigeminal postherpetic neuralgia and is considering a topical sphenopalatine ganglion block as a minimally invasive intervention before attempting more invasive procedures. Chapters Introduction to the Pain Exam Podcast and Topic Overview Dr. David Rosenblum introduces the Pain Exam Podcast, mentioning that it covers painful disorders, alternative treatments, and practice management. He explains that this episode focuses on herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia as board preparation for fellows starting their programs, with ABA boards coming up in September. Dr. Rosenblum notes that he's not only preparing listeners for boards but also seeking the latest information to help treat his own patients with this notoriously difficult disease. Upcoming Conferences and Educational Opportunities Dr. Rosenblum announces several upcoming conferences including Aspen in July, Pain Week in September, and events with NYSIP and the Latin American Pain Society. He mentions he'll be teaching ultrasound and regenerative medicine at these events. Dr. Rosenblum invites listeners to sign up at nrappain.org to access a community discussing regenerative medicine, ultrasound-guided pain medicine, regional anesthesia, and board preparation. He also offers ultrasound training in New York and elsewhere, with upcoming sessions in Manhattan on July 12th and October 4th, plus private shadowing opportunities. Overview of Postherpetic Neuralgia Dr. Rosenblum defines postherpetic neuralgia as typically a unilateral chronic pain in one or more dermatomes after acute herpes zoster infection. He states that the incidence of acute herpes zoster ranges between 3-5 patients per thousand person-years, and one in four patients with acute herpes zoster-related pain will transition into postherpetic neuralgia. Dr. Rosenblum emphasizes that while this condition won't kill patients, it can be extremely debilitating and significantly reduce quality of life. Treatment Options Overview Dr. Rosenblum reviews treatment options according to the WHO pain ladder, including tricyclics like nortriptyline and antiepileptic drugs such as gabapentin. He explains that if pain is not significantly reduced, interventional treatments like epidural injections with local anesthetics and corticosteroids or pulsed radiofrequency of the dorsal root ganglion are options. For postherpetic neuralgia specifically, Dr. Rosenblum notes that preferred treatments include transdermal capsaicin, lidocaine, or oral drugs such as antidepressants or antiepileptics. Phases of Herpes Zoster and Definitions Dr. Rosenblum outlines the three phases during herpes zoster reactivation: acute herpes zoster-related pain (lasting maximum 30 days), subacute herpes zoster-related pain (pain after healing of vesicles but disappearing within 3 months), and postherpetic neuralgia (typically defined as pain continuing after 3 months). He mentions that acute herpes zoster pain often begins with prodromal pain starting a few days before the appearance of the rash. Incidence and Risk Factors Dr. Rosenblum states that the incidence of herpes zoster ranges between 3-5 patients per 1,000 person-years, with approximately 5-30% of cases leading to postherpetic neuralgia. He identifies risk factors including older age, female sex, immunosuppression, prodromal pain, severe rash, and greater acute pain severity. Dr. Rosenblum describes the clinical manifestations as a mosaic of somatosensory symptoms including burning, deep aching pain, tingling, itching, stabbing, often associated with tactile and cold allodynia. Impact on Quality of Life Dr. Rosenblum emphasizes that postherpetic neuralgia can be debilitating, impacting both physical and emotional functioning and causing decreased quality of life. He notes that it leads to fatigue, insomnia, depression, anorexia, anxiety, and emotional distress. Dr. Rosenblum stresses the importance of exploring methods for prevention of postherpetic neuralgia and optimizing pain treatment for both subacute herpes zoster-related pain and postherpetic neuralgia. Literature Review and Pathophysiology Dr. Rosenblum mentions that he's discussing a literature review from 2024 that updates previous practical guidelines published in 2011. He explains the pathophysiology of postherpetic neuralgia, which involves sensitization of peripheral and sensory nerves from damage. Dr. Rosenblum describes how inflammatory mediators reduce the stimulus threshold of nociceptors and increase responsiveness, resulting in pathological spontaneous discharges, lower thresholds for thermal and mechanical stimuli, and hyperalgesia. Central Sensitization and Nerve Damage Dr. Rosenblum explains that central sensitization results from peripheral nociceptor hyperactivity leading to plastic changes in the central nervous system, involving amplification of pain signals and reduced inhibition. He describes how nerve damage in postherpetic neuralgia patients results from neuronal death due to severe inflammatory stimuli or secondary to neuronal swelling. Dr. Rosenblum notes that motor defects occur in 0.05% of patients with herpes zoster, observed as abdominal pseudohernias or motor weakness of limbs limited to the affected myotome. Different Phenotypes and Classification Dr. Rosenblum discusses different phenotypes of postherpetic neuralgia and how phenotyping can determine treatment. He explains that there are several ways to classify the phenotypes, with one categorizing patients into three subtypes: sensory loss (most common), thermal gain, and thermal loss with mechanical gain. Dr. Rosenblum describes the mechanistic categorization, including the irritable nociceptive phenotype characterized by preserved sensation, profound dynamic mechanical allodynia, reduced pressure pain threshold, and relief with local anesthetic infiltration. Deafferentation Phenotype Dr. Rosenblum explains that a deafferentation phenotype may arise from destruction of neurons by the virus in the dorsal root ganglion. This phenotype is characterized by sensory loss, including thermal and vibratory sensation without prominent thermal allodynia. He notes that mechanical allodynia can occur secondary to A-beta fibers activating spinothalamic pathways (known as phenotypic switches), along with pressure hyperalgesia and temporal summation suggesting central sensitization. Dr. Rosenblum mentions that in one study, this phenotype was present in 10.8% of individuals, and for those with deafferentation pain, gabapentinoids, antidepressants, and neuromodulatory therapies like repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation may be beneficial. Diagnosis and Physical Examination Dr. Rosenblum discusses the diagnosis of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia, emphasizing the importance of physical examination. He explains that diagnosis is based on the rash, redness, papules, and vesicles in the painful dermatomes, with healing vesicles showing crust formation. Dr. Rosenblum notes that the rash is generally unilateral and does not cross the midline of the body. In postherpetic neuralgia patients, he mentions that scarring, hyper or hypopigmentation is often visible, with allodynia present in 45-75% of affected patients. Sensory Testing and Assessment Dr. Rosenblum explains that in patients with postherpetic neuralgia, a mosaic of somatosensory alterations can occur, manifesting as hyperalgesia, allodynia, and sensory loss. These can be quantified by quantitative sensory testing, which assesses somatosensory functions, dermal detection thresholds for perception of cold, warmth, and paradoxical heat sensations. He notes that testing can provide clues regarding underlying mechanisms of pain, impaired conditioned pain modulation, temporal summation suggesting central sensitization, and information about the type of nerve damage and surviving afferent neurons. Prevention Through Vaccination Dr. Rosenblum discusses prevention of acute herpes zoster through vaccination, noting that the risk increases with reduced immunity. He highlights studies evaluating Shingrix, a vaccine for herpes zoster, which showed 97% effectiveness in preventing herpes zoster in patients 50-69 years old with healthy immune systems and 89% effectiveness in patients over 70. Dr. Rosenblum states that Shingrix is 89-91% effective in preventing postherpetic neuralgia development in patients with healthy immune systems and 68-91% effective in those with weakened or underlying conditions. Treatment Objectives Dr. Rosenblum outlines the treatment objectives for herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia. For acute herpes zoster, objectives include relieving pain, reducing severity and duration of pain, accelerating recovery of epidermal defects, and preventing secondary infections. For postherpetic neuralgia, the objectives are pain alleviation and improved quality of life. Dr. Rosenblum lists available treatments including psychotherapy, opiates, antidepressants, antiepileptics, NMDA antagonists, topical agents, and interventional treatments such as epidurals, pulsed radiofrequency, nerve blocks, and spinal cord stimulation. Antiviral Medications Dr. Rosenblum emphasizes that antiviral drugs should be started within 72 hours of clinical onset, mentioning famciclovir, valacyclovir, and acyclovir. He notes there is no evidence for effectiveness after 72 hours in patients with uncomplicated herpes zoster. Dr. Rosenblum provides dosing information: for immunocompetent patients, famciclovir 500mg and valacyclovir 1000mg three times daily for seven days; for immunocompromised patients, famciclovir 1000mg three times daily for 10 days, while acyclovir should be given IV in the immunocompromised. Benefits of Antiviral Therapy Dr. Rosenblum explains that antiviral medication accelerates the disappearance of vesicles and crusts, promotes healing of skin lesions, and prevents new lesions from forming. By inhibiting viral replication, he notes that antiviral therapy likely reduces nerve damage, resulting in reduced incidence of postherpetic neuralgia, and should be started as soon as possible. Corticosteroids and Opioids Dr. Rosenblum discusses the use of corticosteroids, noting that when added to antiviral medications, they may reduce the severity of acute herpes zoster-related pain, though increased healing of skin lesions was not observed in one study. He mentions that a Cochrane review found oral corticosteroids ineffective in preventing postherpetic neuralgia. Regarding opioids, Dr. Rosenblum states they are commonly used alongside antivirals for controlling acute herpes zoster pain, with tramadol having a number needed to treat (NNT) of 4.7 and strong opioids having an NNT of 4.3 for 50% pain reduction. Methadone and Antidepressants Dr. Rosenblum discusses methadone as an NMDA receptor antagonist used in acute and chronic pain management, though he notes there are no randomized controlled trials determining its efficacy in acute herpes zoster pain or postherpetic neuralgia. He explains that methadone can modulate pain stimuli by inhibiting the uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, resulting in decreased development of hyperalgesia and opioid tolerance, but has side effects including constipation, nausea, sedation, and QT prolongation that can trigger torsades de pointes. Dr. Rosenblum identifies antidepressants as first-line therapy for postherpetic neuralgia, including tricyclics and SNRIs, with tricyclics having an NNT of 3 and SNRIs an NNT of 6.4 for 50% pain reduction. Antiepileptics and Pharmacological Treatment Summary Dr. Rosenblum discusses antiepileptics like gabapentin and pregabalin for postherpetic neuralgia. He cites two trials measuring gabapentin's effect, concluding it was effective compared to placebo with a pooled NNT of 4.4, while pregabalin had an NNT of 4.9. Dr. Rosenblum summarizes that pharmacological treatment is well established for subacute herpes zoster pain, though new high-quality evidence has been lacking since the last update in 2011. Topical Agents Dr. Rosenblum discusses local anesthetic topical agents including lidocaine and capsaicin creams and patches. He notes that 8% capsaicin provided significant pain reduction during 2-8 weeks, while 5% lidocaine patches provided moderate pain relief after eight weeks of treatment. Dr. Rosenblum also mentions acute herpes zoster intracutaneous injections, citing a study where single intracutaneous injection with methylprednisolone combined with ropivacaine versus saline alone showed significant difference in VAS score at 1 and 4 weeks post-intervention favoring the intervention group. Intracutaneous Injections Dr. Rosenblum discusses the effect of repetitive intracutaneous injections with ropivacaine and methylprednisolone every 48 hours for one week. He cites a randomized control trial comparing antivirals plus analgesics to antivirals plus analgesics and repeat injections, finding the intervention group had significantly shorter duration of pain, lower VAS scores, and lower incidence of postherpetic neuralgia (6.4% vs 28% at 3 months). Dr. Rosenblum notes that a potential side effect of cutaneous methylprednisolone injection is fat atrophy, though this wasn't reported in the study. Summary of Local Anesthetics Dr. Rosenblum summarizes that there are no new studies reporting the efficacy of capsaicin 8% for postherpetic neuralgia, but it remains widely used in clinical practice and is approved in several countries. He notes that lidocaine patches can reduce pain intensity in patients with postherpetic neuralgia but may be more beneficial in patients with allodynia. Dr. Rosenblum adds that intracutaneous injections may be helpful for short periods, while repetitive injections with local anesthetics may reduce VAS scores for up to six months but can cause subcutaneous fat atrophy. Interventional Treatments: Epidural and Paravertebral Injections Dr. Rosenblum discusses interventional treatments, noting that previous guidelines found epidural injection with corticosteroids and local anesthetic as add-on therapy superior to standard care alone for up to one month in managing acute herpes zoster pain. He mentions a randomized controlled trial showing no difference between interlaminar and transforaminal epidural steroid injections for up to three months after the procedure. Dr. Rosenblum adds that previous guidelines reported high-quality evidence that paravertebral injections of corticosteroids or local anesthetic reduces pain in the active phase of herpes zoster. Comparative Studies on Injection Approaches Dr. Rosenblum discusses a trial comparing efficacy of repetitive paravertebral blocks with ropivacaine versus dexmedetomidine to prevent postherpetic neuralgia, which showed significantly lower incidence of zoster-related pain one month after therapy in the dexmedetomidine group, with effects still significant at three months. He also mentions a study comparing steroid injections administered via interlaminar versus transforaminal approaches, finding both groups had significantly lower VAS scores at 1 and 3 months follow-up compared to baseline, though this could align with the natural course of herpes zoster. Timing of Interventions and Continuous Epidural Blockade Dr. Rosenblum cites a retrospective study showing that transforaminal epidural injections administered for acute herpes zoster-related pain were associated with significantly shorter time to pain relief compared to those performed in the subacute phase. He also mentions a randomized controlled trial finding that continuous epidural blockade combined with opioids and gabapentin reduced NRS pain scores more than analgesic drug treatments alone during three-day follow-up, though both studies were low-quality. Interventions for Postherpetic Neuralgia Dr. Rosenblum discusses interventions specifically for postherpetic neuralgia, citing a small randomized controlled trial that demonstrated decreased NRS pain scores six months post-treatment for repeat versus single epidural steroid injections (15mg vs 5mg dexamethasone) administered over 24 days. The trial also found increased likelihood of complete remission during 6-month follow-up in the group receiving repeat epidural dexamethasone, though this was low-quality evidence. Summary of Epidural and Paravertebral Injections Dr. Rosenblum summarizes that epidural or paravertebral injections of local anesthetic and/or glucocorticoids could be considered in treating acute herpes zoster-related pain. For subacute postherpetic neuralgia pain, he notes low-quality evidence supporting epidural injections, while for postherpetic neuralgia, evidence supports continuous epidural infusion, though also of low quality. Dr. Rosenblum emphasizes that none of the included studies for postherpetic neuralgia investigating epidural or paravertebral injections resulted in decreased pain compared to standard therapy. Pulsed Radiofrequency (PRF) Evidence Dr. Rosenblum discusses pulsed radiofrequency (PRF), noting that previous guidelines indicated moderate quality evidence that PRF of the intercostal nerve reduces pain for 6 months in patients with postherpetic neuralgia, and very low-quality evidence that PRF to the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) reduces pain for 6 months. He mentions that multiple studies have been published since then assessing PRF efficacy. PRF Studies for Acute Herpes Zoster Dr. Rosenblum discusses a randomized controlled trial with 60 patients comparing high-voltage bipolar PRF of the cervical sympathetic chain versus sham, with treatment repeated after three days in both groups. He reports that VAS scores in the PRF group at each post-interventional point (1 day, 2 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months) were significantly lower than in the sham group, and at 3 months, the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia was 16.7% in the PRF group compared to 40% in the sham group. PRF for Trigeminal Neuralgia Dr. Rosenblum cites another randomized controlled trial evaluating high-voltage long-duration PRF of the Gasserian ganglion in 96 patients with subacute herpes-related trigeminal neuralgia, which found decreased VAS pain scores at all post-interventional time points (3, 7, 14 days and 1, 3, and 6 months) compared to the sham group. He also mentions a randomized comparative effectiveness study in 120 patients with subacute trigeminal herpes zoster, comparing a single application of high-voltage PRF to the Gasserian ganglion versus three cycles of conventional PRF treatment, finding significantly lower mean VAS pain scores for up to six months in the high-voltage PRF group. PRF Compared to Other Interventions Dr. Rosenblum discusses a randomized controlled trial comparing PRF to short-term spinal cord stimulation, which found decreased pain and improved 36-item short-form health survey scores in both groups at six months. He also mentions a randomized controlled trial in 72 patients where PRF of spinal nerves or peripheral branches of cranial nerves combined with five-day infusion of IV lidocaine resulted in greater pain reduction, less rescue analgesia, and reduced inflammatory cytokines at two months compared to PRF with saline infusions. Dr. Rosenblum notes a major limitation of this study was not accounting for the high natural recovery rate. Summary of PRF and Final Recommendations Dr. Rosenblum summarizes that PRF provides significant pain relief lasting over three months in patients with subacute herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia. He notes that since few studies have compared PRF versus sham, it's not possible to calculate an accurate number needed to treat. Dr. Rosenblum mentions there are no comparative studies comparing PRF to the intercostal nerves versus PRF of the DRG, but both preclinical and clinical studies suggest superiority of the DRG approach. He adds that evidence for spinal cord stimulation for postherpetic neuralgia is of low quality, and more research is needed given its invasive nature. Sympathetic Blocks and Conclusion Dr. Rosenblum notes there is low-quality evidence for using sympathetic blocks to treat acute herpes zoster-related pain, but no evidence for their use in postherpetic neuralgia. He mentions that risks of treatment with intrathecal methylprednisolone are unclear and therefore not recommended. Dr. Rosenblum concludes by praising the comprehensive article he's been discussing and mentions it provides insight for treating his patients, including a recent case of trigeminal postherpetic neuralgia. Personal Clinical Approach and Closing Dr. Rosenblum shares that he doesn't currently perform PRF in his practice, partly because it's not standard of care and not well reimbursed, creating barriers to implementation. However, he notes that PRF is a very safe procedure as it doesn't involve burning tissue. For his patient with trigeminal neuralgia pain, Dr. Rosenblum plans to try a topical sphenopalatine ganglion block as the least invasive intervention before considering injecting the trigeminal nerves at the foramen, in addition to pharmacotherapy. He concludes by thanking listeners, encouraging them to check the show notes and links, mentioning institutional memberships and shadowing opportunities, and asking listeners to rate and share the podcast. Q&A No Q&A session in this lecture Pain Management Board Prep   Ultrasound Training REGISTER TODAY!   Create an Account and get Free Access to the PainExam- NRAP Academy Community Highlights     David Rosenblum, MD, currently serves as the Director of Pain Management at Maimonides Medical Center and AABP Integrative Pain Care.  As a member of the Department of Anesthesiology, he is involved in teaching, research, CME activities, and was key faculty in developing the anesthesiology residency's regional anesthesia block rotation, as well as institutional wide acute and chronic pain management protocols to ensure safe and effective pain management. He currently is a managing partner in a multi-physician private pain practice, AABP Integrative Pain Care, located in Brooklyn, NY. He is one of the earliest interventional pain physicians to integrate ultrasound guidance to improve the safety and accuracy of interventional pain procedures.   Awards New York Magazine: Top Doctors: 2016, 2017, 2018, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 Schneps Media: 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019, 2020 Top Doctors New York Metro Area (digital guide): 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 2025 Schneps Media - Brooklyn Courier Life: 2021, 2022, 2023   Dr. Rosenblum written several book chapters on Peripheral Neuromodulation, Radiofrequency Ablation, and Pharmacology.  He has published numerous noteworthy articles and most recently is developing the ASIPP Guidelines for Peripheral Neuromodulation in the treatment of chronic pain. He has been named several times in NY Magazine's Best Pain Management Doctor List, Nassau County's Best Pain Physician, has appeared on NY1 News, and has made several appearances on XM Radio's Doctor Talk. He currently is lecturing on a national and international level and has partnered with the American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP), American Society of Pain and Neuroscience (ASPN), IASP Mexican Chapter, Eastern Pain Association (EPA), the North American Neuromodulation Society (NANS), World Academy of Pain Medicine United, as well as various other organizations, to support educational events and develop new courses. Since 2008, he has helped over 3000 physicians pass the Pain Management Boards, and has been at the forefront of utilizing ultrasound guidance to perform pain procedures.  He now hosts the PainExam podcast, AnesthesiaExam Podcast, PMRExam Podcasts and uses this platform to promote the safe and effective use of ultrasound in the performance of various procedures such as Peripheral Nerve Stimulation, Caudal Epidurals, Selective Nerve Root Blocks, Cluneal Nerve Blocks, Ganglion impar Blocks, Stellate Ganglion Blocks, Brachial Plexus Blocks, Joint Injections and much more!   Doctor Rosenblum created the NRAP (Neuromodulation Regional Anesthesia and Pain) Academy  and travels to teach various courses focused on Pain Medicine, Regenerative Medicine, Ultrasound Guided Pain Procedures and Regional Anesthesia Techniques.  Dr. Rosenblum is persistent when it comes to eliminating pain and has gained a reputation among his patients for thinking "outside the box" and implements ultrasound guidance to deposit medications, biologics (PRP, Bone Marrow Aspirate, etc.) and Peripheral Nerve Stimulators near pain generators. He is currently treating patients in his great neck and Brooklyn office.  For an appointment go to AABPpain.com or call Brooklyn     718 436 7246 Reference Adriaansen, E. J., Jacobs, J. G., Vernooij, L. M., van Wijck, A. J., Cohen, S. P., Huygen, F. J., & Rijsdijk, M. (2025). 8. Herpes zoster and post herpetic neuralgia. Pain Practice, 25(1), e13423.

Colleagues Chris Lafakis and Steve Cochrane join Inside Economics to discuss how geopolitics is shaping the outlook and the risks to the U.S. and global economies. But first, the team reminisces about Steve's 32 years as “employee 007” at the company and his upcoming retirement. Steve reveals his secrets for “managing up,” and Mark finds out he's been managed all these years. The conversation then turns to U.S.-China relations and the risk of an oil price shock stemming from Israel's attack on Iran last week.  Guest: Chris Lafakis, Director of Climate and Energy Economics, Moody's Analytics, Steve Cochrane, Director, Chief APAC EconomistHosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X' and BlueSky @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn Questions or Comments, please email us at helpeconomy@moodys.com. We would love to hear from you. To stay informed and follow the insights of Moody's Analytics economists, visit Economic View.

David Tuller returns to TWiV to discuss RFK Jr. and the trashing of American public health, rituximab and ME/CFS, The Sick Times, the Cochrane Mess, a Norwegian Long Covid trial, effort preference and more. Host: Vincent Racaniello Guest: David Tuller Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server David Tuller writes at virology blog CFS, a long tangled tale (virology blog) The Sick Times Norwegian Long COVID trial (virology blog) Cochrane mess (virology blog) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv Content on TWiV should not be taken as medical advice.

In this episode of the Data Center Frontier Show, we sit down with Kevin Cochrane, Chief Marketing Officer of Vultr, to explore how the company is positioning itself at the forefront of AI-native cloud infrastructure, and why they're all-in on AMD's GPUs, open-source software, and a globally distributed strategy for the future of inference. Cochrane begins by outlining the evolution of the GPU market, moving from a scarcity-driven, centralized training era to a new chapter focused on global inference workloads. With enterprises now seeking to embed AI across every application and workflow, Vultr is preparing for what Cochrane calls a “10-year rebuild cycle” of enterprise infrastructure—one that will layer GPUs alongside CPUs across every corner of the cloud. Vultr's recent partnership with AMD plays a critical role in that strategy. The company is deploying both the MI300X and MI325X GPUs across its 32 data center regions, offering customers optimized options for inference workloads. Cochrane explains the advantages of AMD's chips, such as higher VRAM and power efficiency, which allow large models to run with fewer GPUs—boosting both performance and cost-effectiveness. These deployments are backed by Vultr's close integration with Supermicro, which delivers the rack-scale servers needed to bring new GPU capacity online quickly and reliably. Another key focus of the episode is ROCm (Radeon Open Compute), AMD's open-source software ecosystem for AI and HPC workloads. Cochrane emphasizes that Vultr is not just deploying AMD hardware; it's fully aligned with the open-source movement underpinning it. He highlights Vultr's ongoing global ROCm hackathons and points to zero-day ROCm support on platforms like Hugging Face as proof of how open standards can catalyze rapid innovation and developer adoption. “Open source and open standards always win in the long run,” Cochrane says. “The future of AI infrastructure depends on a global, community-driven ecosystem, just like the early days of cloud.” The conversation wraps with a look at Vultr's growth strategy following its $3.5 billion valuation and recent funding round. Cochrane envisions a world where inference workloads become ubiquitous and deeply embedded into everyday life—from transportation to customer service to enterprise operations. That, he says, will require a global fabric of low-latency, GPU-powered infrastructure. “The world is going to become one giant inference engine,” Cochrane concludes. “And we're building the foundation for that today.” Tune in to hear how Vultr's bold moves in open-source AI infrastructure and its partnership with AMD may shape the next decade of cloud computing, one GPU cluster at a time.

In this episode of Embracing Your Voice, Atima welcomes music industry veteran, writer, and cultural commentator Naima Cochrane for an inspiring conversation about building a career that aligns with your true self. From her early days in entertainment law to leading marketing at iconic labels and managing artists like John Legend, Naima shares her journey through a changing industry. Tune in as they discuss navigating creative careers, the evolution of Black music and culture, and lessons on embracing the parts of yourself that make you stand out.Key TakeawaysCareer Alignment Comes Over Time: Naima shares how her current career—teaching, writing, and storytelling—is the most aligned with who she has always been.The Power of Storytelling in Marketing: Through her marketing work at major labels, Naima learned that telling the artist's story is as critical as promoting their music.Managing Talent Is About Trust: Her time managing John Legend revealed how essential communication, trust, and healthy boundaries are in artist management.Episode Highlights[00:01:00] — Naima's early life growing up in a musical family; roots of her love for music.[00:09:00] — Moving from a corporate marketing career into freelance and entrepreneurship.[00:17:00] — How #MusicSermon began as a passion project on Twitter.[00:24:00] — Building an authentic community online and resisting pressure to monetize early.[00:31:00] — The moment #MusicSermon unexpectedly launched her journalism career.[00:36:00] — Balancing full-time teaching with creative and entrepreneurial work.[00:42:00] — Dealing with perfectionism and ADHD when creating content.[00:49:00] — How her values drive her work and decision-making.[00:55:00] — The challenges of scaling as a solo creative — when and how to bring on help.[01:03:00] — Learning to embrace being seen as a thought leader in music and culture.[01:14:00] — Community is the true driver of #Music Sermon — why she continues to resist monetization that changes the experience.[01:15:00] — How #Music Sermon opened doors to journalism, teaching, and partnerships.[01:23:00] — Leading the award-winning marketing campaign for Aaliyah's catalog release.[01:27:00] — Learning to promote her own voice and accomplishments after years of building others'.[01:33:00] — Final advice for creatives: sell your unique voice, trust the process, and give yourself grace.Quotes"Everything that I do now reflects little Naima in a really great way—even the parts of myself I once tried to turn down." — Naima Cochrane"Marketing is where you get to tell the artist's story, explain the vision, and help shape how the world sees them." — Naima Cochrane"As a manager, your job is to free the talent to be creative. You take on the logistics so they can focus on their art." — Naima CochraneNaima Cochrane is a music industry veteran who is a storyteller, and leading voice on Black music and culture. She spent 20 years rising through the ranks at legendary music labels Arista, Columbia and Epic Records. She would then work on the artist management side with EGOT John Legend and Emmy, Grammy, and Tony award winning Cynthia Erivo. Now, she is best known for being the creator of the viral storytelling series on Twitter and Instagram called #MusicSermon which prompted a move from the business side into more music...

We talk Roots picnic, The Clipse album, Ms. Shirley, Rodney Hinton, and the Diddy trials. Subscribe and spread the word!! The post Black Fatigue first appeared on The Poplife Podcast.

Hello everyone! Thanks to Tom's holiday and Stuart's job we weren't able to record this week, so we've put out a classic paid episode to tide you over. We hope this goes some way to scratching your Studies Show itch.Most people think it's obvious that you should wear a helmet when cycling. It might save your life if you fall off and hit your head. Duh.But over the years, many contrarian arguments have pushed back against this seemingly-obvious point. What if people engage in “risk compensation”, where they cycle more dangerously because they know they're wearing a helmet? What about if encouraging helments puts people off cycling so they miss the health benefits?In this March 2024 episode of The Studies Show, Tom and Stuart try to work out who's right.Show notes* The original 1975 study on what's become known as the “Peltzman Effect”: risk compensation (in this case about car safety)* Potential evidence for risk compensation in AIDS* Claims of risk compensation relating to mask-wearing at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic* The eye-tracking study on helmet-wearing, which used the Balloon Analogue Risk-Taking lab task* n=27 study on helmets and cycling with one hand on the handlebar* Study on risk compensation with the following confusing structural equation model diagram:* Academic cycles around and records thousands of cars passing him while he's either wearing or not wearing a helmet* Forbes article about the statistical controversy over these data* Bizarre study on how motorists “dehumanize” cyclists* Could helmets make “rotational injuries” worse?* Cochrane review on cycle helmets and injuries from 1999* Ben Goldacre and David Spiegelhalter on cycle helmets - “uncertainty… is unlikely to be substantially reduced by further research”* Systematic review on helmet use and injuries from 2016* Review of meta-analyses from 2023* 2006 BMJ article finding “no clear evidence” that mandating cycle helmets reduces injuries* Negative correlation between cycle numbers and helmet usage, across different countriesCreditsThe Studies Show is produced by Julian Mayers at Yada Yada Productions. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.thestudiesshowpod.com/subscribe