Podcasts about in statpearls internet

In this episode of PICU Doc on Call, hosts Dr. Monica Gray and Dr. Pradip Kamat explore procedural sedation in the pediatric ICU. They cover sedation levels, pre-screening, risk stratification using ASA classifications, and medication selection tailored to each patient's hemodynamic and respiratory status. Through real-world case discussions involving respiratory failure, septic shock, and acute neurological decline, they highlight the importance of end-tidal CO2 monitoring and early adverse event recognition. Key takeaways include avoiding the term "conscious sedation," preparing rescue plans, and prioritizing patient safety through careful assessment and monitoring.Show Highlights:Definitions and levels of sedation (minimal, moderate, deep sedation, and general anesthesia)Importance of terminology in procedural sedationMonitoring sedation levels using scales like the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS)Pre-screening and risk stratification considerations for pediatric patientsASA physical status classification system for assessing patient riskUnique challenges of procedural sedation in critically ill childrenAdverse events associated with pediatric procedural sedation, particularly respiratory complicationsManagement strategies for specific cases requiring sedation (e.g., respiratory failure, septic shock)Importance of end-tidal CO2 monitoring during sedationKey takeaways for safe sedation practices in the pediatric ICU settingReferences: Nir Atlas; Rahul C. Damania; Pradip P. Kamat In Fuhrman & Zimmerman - Textbook of Pediatric Critical Care Chapter 135, 1624-1628Statement on Continuum of Depth of Sedation: Definition of General Anesthesia and Levels of Sedation/Analgesia by Committee on Quality Management and Departmental Administration. Last Amended: October 23, 2024.Coté CJ, Wilson S; AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS; AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY. Guidelines for Monitoring and Management of Pediatric Patients Before, During, and After Sedation for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures. Pediatrics. 2019 Jun;143(6):e20191000. doi: 10.1542/peds.2019-1000. PMID: 31138666.xKrauss B, Green SM. Procedural sedation and analgesia in children. Lancet. 2006 Mar 4;367(9512):766-80. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68230-5. PMID: 16517277.Sharif S, Kang J, Sadeghirad B, Rizvi F, Forestell B, Greer A, Hewitt M, Fernando SM, Mehta S, Eltorki M, Siemieniuk R, Duffett M, Bhatt M, Burry L, Perry JJ, Petrosoniak A, Pandharipande P, Welsford M, Rochwerg B. Pharmacological agents for procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department and intensive care unit: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials. Br J Anaesth. 2024 Mar;132(3):491-506. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.11.050. Epub 2024 Jan 6. PMID: 38185564.Smith, Heidi A. B. MD, MSCI (Chair)1,2; Besunder, James B. DO, FCCM3,4; Betters, Kristina A. MD1; Johnson, Peter N. PharmD, BCPS, BCPPS, FCCM, FPPA, FASHP5,6; Srinivasan, Vijay MBBS, MD, FCCM7,8; Stormorken, Anne MD9,10; Farrington, Elizabeth PharmD, FCCM11; Golianu, Brenda MD12,13; Godshall, Aaron J. MD14; Acinelli, Larkin CPNP-AC, ACHPN15; Almgren, Christina CPNP16; Bailey, Christine H. MD17; Boyd, Jenny M. MD18,19; Cisco, Michael J. MD20; Damian, Mihaela MD, MPH21,22; deAlmeida, Mary L. MD23,24; Fehr, James MD13,25; Fenton, Kimberly E. MD, FCCM14; Gilliland, Frances DNP, CPNP-AC/PC26,27; Grant, Mary Jo C. CPNP-AC, PhD, FAAN28; Howell, Joy MD29; Ruggles, Cassandra A. PharmD, BCCCP, BCPPS30; Simone, Shari DNP31,32; Su, Felice MD21,22; Sullivan, Janice E. MD33,34; Tegtmeyer, Ken MD, FAAP, FCCM35,36; Traube, Chani MD, FCCM29; Williams, Stacey CPNP-AC37; Berkenbosch, John W. MD, FAAP, FCCM (Chair)33,34. 2022 Society of Critical Care Medicine Clinical Practice Guidelines on Prevention and Management of Pain, Agitation, Neuromuscular Blockade, and Delirium in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients With Consideration of the ICU Environment and Early Mobility. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 23(2):p e74-e110, February 2022. | DOI: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000002873Benzoni T, Agarwal A, Cascella M. Procedural Sedation. [Updated 2025 Mar 22]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551685/Kerson AG, DeMaria R, Mauer E, Joyce C, Gerber LM, Greenwald BM, Silver G, Traube C. Validity of the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) in critically ill children. J Intensive Care. 2016 Oct 26;4:65. doi: 10.1186/s40560-016-0189-5. PMID: 27800163; PMCID: PMC5080705.Tel-Dan SF, Shavit D, Nates R, Samuel N, Shavit I. Emergency Physician-Administered Sedation for Thoracostomy in Children With Pleuropneumonia. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2021 Dec 1;37(12):e1209-e1212. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000001975. PMID: 31929389.Cosgrove P, Krauss BS, Cravero JP, Fleegler EW. Predictors of Laryngospasm During 276,832 Episodes of Pediatric Procedural Sedation. Ann Emerg Med. 2022 Dec;80(6):485-496. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.05.002. Epub 2022 Jun 23. PMID: 35752522.Cravero JP, Blike GT, Beach M, Gallagher SM, Hertzog JH, Havidich JE, Gelman B; Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium. Incidence and nature of adverse events during pediatric sedation/anesthesia for procedures outside the operating room: report from the Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium. Pediatrics. 2006 Sep;118(3):1087-96. doi: 10.1542/peds.2006-0313. PMID: 16951002.

Biliary type pain, usually in female patients who have had a cholecystectomy, could be Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction.  A diagnosis worth keeping on our urgent care differential list.   Check out the Stat Pearls page Crittenden JP, Dattilo JB. Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction. 2023 Feb 13. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan–. PMID: 32491794.   Check out the Radiopaedia page by Henry Knipe     www.rnzcuc.org.nz podcast@rnzcuc.org.nz https://www.facebook.com/rnzcuc https://twitter.com/rnzcuc   Music licensed from www.premiumbeat.com Full Grip by Score Squad   This podcast is intended to assist in ongoing medical education and peer discussion for qualified health professionals.  Please ensure you work within your scope of practice at all times.  For personal medical advice, always consult your usual doctor

In the summer of 1983, a stylish Venetian man named Silvano stepped onto a cruise ship and felt his shirt suddenly soak with sweat for no reason. That single moment marked the beginning of a nightmare that would steal his sleep forever. For over 250 years, one Italian family had been haunted by a mysterious curse: a disease that slowly, relentlessly destroys the brain's ability to sleep. Victims lie awake for months in a living hell of hallucinations and exhaustion, fully conscious as their bodies burn out and die. What began as a whispered “family disease” in 18th-century Venice was finally named Fatal Familial Insomnia — a prion disorder caused by nothing more than a single misfolded protein that turns the brain's sleep switchboard into a graveyard of crumpled origami cranes. This is the haunting true story of a genetic curse that science still cannot stop, and the quiet courage of the families who choose to live in the shadow of knowing — or not knowing — their fate.   Sources: Max, D.T. The Family That Couldn't Sleep: A Medical Mystery. Random House, 2006. (The definitive book on the Venetian family's 250-year saga and Silvano's story.) Prion Alliance. “About Prion Alliance & Our Mission.” prionalliance.org. (Nonprofit founded by FFI patient-scientists Sonia Vallabh and Eric Minikel.) CJD Foundation. “Fatal Familial Insomnia (FFI).” cjdfoundation.org/fatal-familial-insomnia-ffi. (Leading U.S. patient-support organization for all prion diseases.) Khan, Z. and Bollu, P.C. “Fatal Familial Insomnia.” In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2024. (Most current peer-reviewed medical overview of FFI.) National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD). “Fatal Familial Insomnia.” rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/fatal-familial-insomnia. (Clear, family-friendly summary of symptoms, genetics, and history.) Mastrianni, J.A. “Genetic Prion Disease.” In: GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle, 2021. (Gold-standard genetic reference for the PRNP mutation and prion mechanism.)   Join The Dark Oak Discussion: Patreon The Dark Oak Podcast Website Facebook Instagram Twitter TikTok Youtube This episode of The Dark Oak was created, researched, written, recorded, hosted, edited, published, and marketed by Cynthia and Stefanie of Just Us Gals Productions with artwork by Justyse Himes and Music by Ryan Creep

PainExam Podcast Show Notes Compression Fractures, Vertebroplasty, Kyphoplasty & Occipital Neuralgia for the ABA Pain Medicine Boards In this episode of the PainExam Podcast, Dr. David Rosenblum reviews two frequently tested topics on the ABA Pain Medicine Board Examination: Occipital Neuralgia and Vertebral Compression Fractures, including the indications, techniques, complications, and evidence surrounding vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty. Whether you are preparing for the ABA Pain Medicine Boards, ABPM, ABIPP, FIPP, or simply looking to strengthen your interventional pain knowledge, this episode covers essential board pearls, anatomy, diagnosis, imaging findings, and treatment options. Episode Highlights Occipital Neuralgia Topics discussed include: Anatomy of the greater, lesser, and third occipital nerves C2 dorsal ramus anatomy and clinical relevance Diagnostic criteria for occipital neuralgia Differentiating occipital neuralgia from: Cervicogenic headache Migraine Cluster headache Tension headache Physical examination findings Occipital nerve blocks Pulsed radiofrequency ablation Cryoneurolysis Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) Board Pearl The greater occipital nerve originates from the dorsal ramus of C2 and temporary pain relief following a diagnostic occipital nerve block strongly supports the diagnosis. Vertebral Compression Fractures Topics reviewed include: Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures Thoracolumbar fracture patterns MRI findings STIR sequence interpretation Patient selection for vertebral augmentation Conservative treatment versus intervention Vertebroplasty technique Kyphoplasty technique Cement leakage and other complications Evidence supporting vertebral augmentation procedures Board Pearl Bone marrow edema on MRI STIR imaging is one of the most important findings suggesting an acute compression fracture. Kyphoplasty vs Vertebroplasty Vertebroplasty Direct injection of PMMA cement into the vertebral body Stabilizes micro-motion within the fracture Can provide rapid pain relief Kyphoplasty Balloon tamp creates a cavity before cement placement May partially restore vertebral body height May reduce risk of cement extravasation Often preferred in selected patients with significant vertebral collapse Commonly Tested Complications Cement leakage Pulmonary cement embolism Adjacent level fractures Infection Neurologic injury (rare) High-Yield ABA Pain Medicine Keywords Occipital Neuralgia Greater Occipital Nerve C2 Dorsal Ramus Third Occipital Nerve Cervicogenic Headache Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Vertebral Compression Fracture Kyphoplasty Vertebroplasty PMMA Cement STIR MRI Osteoporosis Cement Extravasation Upcoming Educational Meetings & Conferences 2026 ASPN Annual Meeting – Miami Learn more about the upcoming meeting hosted by the American Society of Pain and Neuroscience:

PainExam Podcast Show Notes Compression Fractures, Vertebroplasty, Kyphoplasty & Occipital Neuralgia for the ABA Pain Medicine Boards In this episode of the PainExam Podcast, Dr. David Rosenblum reviews two frequently tested topics on the ABA Pain Medicine Board Examination: Occipital Neuralgia and Vertebral Compression Fractures, including the indications, techniques, complications, and evidence surrounding vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty. Whether you are preparing for the ABA Pain Medicine Boards, ABPM, ABIPP, FIPP, or simply looking to strengthen your interventional pain knowledge, this episode covers essential board pearls, anatomy, diagnosis, imaging findings, and treatment options. Episode Highlights Occipital Neuralgia Topics discussed include: Anatomy of the greater, lesser, and third occipital nerves C2 dorsal ramus anatomy and clinical relevance Diagnostic criteria for occipital neuralgia Differentiating occipital neuralgia from: Cervicogenic headache Migraine Cluster headache Tension headache Physical examination findings Occipital nerve blocks Pulsed radiofrequency ablation Cryoneurolysis Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) Board Pearl The greater occipital nerve originates from the dorsal ramus of C2 and temporary pain relief following a diagnostic occipital nerve block strongly supports the diagnosis. Vertebral Compression Fractures Topics reviewed include: Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures Thoracolumbar fracture patterns MRI findings STIR sequence interpretation Patient selection for vertebral augmentation Conservative treatment versus intervention Vertebroplasty technique Kyphoplasty technique Cement leakage and other complications Evidence supporting vertebral augmentation procedures Board Pearl Bone marrow edema on MRI STIR imaging is one of the most important findings suggesting an acute compression fracture. Kyphoplasty vs Vertebroplasty Vertebroplasty Direct injection of PMMA cement into the vertebral body Stabilizes micro-motion within the fracture Can provide rapid pain relief Kyphoplasty Balloon tamp creates a cavity before cement placement May partially restore vertebral body height May reduce risk of cement extravasation Often preferred in selected patients with significant vertebral collapse Commonly Tested Complications Cement leakage Pulmonary cement embolism Adjacent level fractures Infection Neurologic injury (rare) High-Yield ABA Pain Medicine Keywords Occipital Neuralgia Greater Occipital Nerve C2 Dorsal Ramus Third Occipital Nerve Cervicogenic Headache Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Vertebral Compression Fracture Kyphoplasty Vertebroplasty PMMA Cement STIR MRI Osteoporosis Cement Extravasation Upcoming Educational Meetings & Conferences 2026 ASPN Annual Meeting – Miami Learn more about the upcoming meeting hosted by the American Society of Pain and Neuroscience:

PainExam Podcast Show Notes Compression Fractures, Vertebroplasty, Kyphoplasty & Occipital Neuralgia for the ABA Pain Medicine Boards In this episode of the PainExam Podcast, Dr. David Rosenblum reviews two frequently tested topics on the ABA Pain Medicine Board Examination: Occipital Neuralgia and Vertebral Compression Fractures, including the indications, techniques, complications, and evidence surrounding vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty. Whether you are preparing for the ABA Pain Medicine Boards, ABPM, ABIPP, FIPP, or simply looking to strengthen your interventional pain knowledge, this episode covers essential board pearls, anatomy, diagnosis, imaging findings, and treatment options. Episode Highlights Occipital Neuralgia Topics discussed include: Anatomy of the greater, lesser, and third occipital nerves C2 dorsal ramus anatomy and clinical relevance Diagnostic criteria for occipital neuralgia Differentiating occipital neuralgia from: Cervicogenic headache Migraine Cluster headache Tension headache Physical examination findings Occipital nerve blocks Pulsed radiofrequency ablation Cryoneurolysis Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) Board Pearl The greater occipital nerve originates from the dorsal ramus of C2 and temporary pain relief following a diagnostic occipital nerve block strongly supports the diagnosis. Vertebral Compression Fractures Topics reviewed include: Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures Thoracolumbar fracture patterns MRI findings STIR sequence interpretation Patient selection for vertebral augmentation Conservative treatment versus intervention Vertebroplasty technique Kyphoplasty technique Cement leakage and other complications Evidence supporting vertebral augmentation procedures Board Pearl Bone marrow edema on MRI STIR imaging is one of the most important findings suggesting an acute compression fracture. Kyphoplasty vs Vertebroplasty Vertebroplasty Direct injection of PMMA cement into the vertebral body Stabilizes micro-motion within the fracture Can provide rapid pain relief Kyphoplasty Balloon tamp creates a cavity before cement placement May partially restore vertebral body height May reduce risk of cement extravasation Often preferred in selected patients with significant vertebral collapse Commonly Tested Complications Cement leakage Pulmonary cement embolism Adjacent level fractures Infection Neurologic injury (rare) High-Yield ABA Pain Medicine Keywords Occipital Neuralgia Greater Occipital Nerve C2 Dorsal Ramus Third Occipital Nerve Cervicogenic Headache Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Vertebral Compression Fracture Kyphoplasty Vertebroplasty PMMA Cement STIR MRI Osteoporosis Cement Extravasation Upcoming Educational Meetings & Conferences 2026 ASPN Annual Meeting – Miami Learn more about the upcoming meeting hosted by the American Society of Pain and Neuroscience:

The Bennett Fracture, with two T's, is an intra-articular fracture of the base of the 1st metacarpal that requires referral to the orthopaedic surgeons.   Check out the Radiopaedia page by Bahman Rasuly Check out the Stat Pearls Page Carter KR, Nallamothu SV. Bennett Fracture. 2023 Aug 7. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan–. PMID: 29763211.     www.rnzcuc.org.nz podcast@rnzcuc.org.nz https://www.facebook.com/rnzcuc https://twitter.com/rnzcuc   Music licensed from www.premiumbeat.com Full Grip by Score Squad   This podcast is intended to assist in ongoing medical education and peer discussion for qualified health professionals.  Please ensure you work within your scope of practice at all times.  For personal medical advice, always consult your usual doctor

Adult onset Still Disease is a rare condition that presents with intermittent high fevers, arthralgia and a salmon pink rash.     Check out the Stat Pearls page. Bhargava J, Panginikkod S. Still Disease. 2024 Feb 26. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan–. PMID: 30855928.  Link   Check out the Dermnet Page   Check out the Conversation article mentioned   www.rnzcuc.org.nz podcast@rnzcuc.org.nz https://www.facebook.com/rnzcuc https://twitter.com/rnzcuc   Music licensed from www.premiumbeat.com Full Grip by Score Squad   This podcast is intended to assist in ongoing medical education and peer discussion for qualified health professionals.  Please ensure you work within your scope of practice at all times.  For personal medical advice, always consult your usual doctor

In cases of Fournier's Gangrene, and necrotising fasciitis in general, early detection and treatment is vital.  Risk factors help raise the concern and knowing about SGLT-2 inhibitors as an evolving risk factor is important.   Check out the Prescriber Update Check out the Dermnet page by Singh Check out the Stat Pearls page Wallace HA, Perera TB. Necrotizing Fasciitis. 2023 Feb 21. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan–. PMID: 28613507.     www.rnzcuc.org.nz podcast@rnzcuc.org.nz https://www.facebook.com/rnzcuc https://twitter.com/rnzcuc   Music licensed from www.premiumbeat.com Full Grip by Score Squad   This podcast is intended to assist in ongoing medical education and peer discussion for qualified health professionals.  Please ensure you work within your scope of practice at all times.  For personal medical advice, always consult your usual doctor

The Barton fracture is an eponymous fracture of the distal radius.  While perhaps a name less used compared to the Colles, it is still an important injury to recognise and refer to orthopaedics.    Check out the Stat Pearls Page Szymanski JA, Reeves RA, Taqi M, et al. Barton Fracture. [Updated 2023 May 30]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-.  Check out the Radiopaedia page Check out the OrthoBullets page on distal radial fractures, which includes the Barton Fracture     www.rnzcuc.org.nz podcast@rnzcuc.org.nz https://www.facebook.com/rnzcuc https://twitter.com/rnzcuc   Music licensed from www.premiumbeat.com Full Grip by Score Squad   This podcast is intended to assist in ongoing medical education and peer discussion for qualified health professionals.  Please ensure you work within your scope of practice at all times.  For personal medical advice, always consult your usual doctor

In this video we cover Rheumatic Fever; What is it? Rheumatic Fever Pathophysiology, the signs and symptoms of rheumatic fever as well as the diagnosis of rheumatic fever (including the Jones criteria and a rheumatic fever mnemonic!). We then look at the treatment. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/rheumatologyConsider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Buy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineVideo Timestamps:0:00 What is Rheumatic Fever? 0:30 Rheumatic Fever Pathophysiology1:53 Rheumatic Fever Symptoms / Signs and Symptoms of Rheumatic Fever3:46 Jones Criteria - Rheumatic Fever Criteria Mnemonic6:25 Rheumatic Fever Diagnosis7:15 Rheumatic Fever Treatment / Rheumatic Fever Prophylaxis LINK TO SOCIAL MEDIA: https://www.instagram.com/rhesusmedicine/ReferencesCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2025) Acute rheumatic fever: clinical guidance. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/group-a-strep/hcp/clinical-guidance/acute-rheumatic-fever.htmlCarapetis, J.R., Beaton, A., Cunningham, M.W., Guilherme, L., Karthikeyan, G., Mayosi, B.M., Sable, C., Steer, A., Wilson, N. and Wyber, R. (2016) ‘Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease', Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 2, 15084.MSD Manual Professional Editors (2024) Rheumatic fever. MSD Manual Professional Edition. Available at: https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/miscellaneous-bacterial-infections-in-infants-and-children/rheumatic-feverNational Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (no date) Rheumatic fever. NICE Clinical Knowledge Summaries. Available at: https://cks.nice.org.ukStatPearls Authors (2025) Acute rheumatic fever. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK594238/Therapeutic Guidelines Limited (2022) ‘Therapeutics for rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease', Australian Prescriber, 45(4), pp. 118–123. Available at: https://australianprescriber.tg.org.au/articles/therapeutics-for-rheumatic-fever-and-rheumatic-heart-disease.htmlDisclaimer: Please remember this video and all content from Rhesus Medicine is for educational and entertainment purposes only and is not a guide to diagnose or to treat any form of condition. The content is not to be used to guide clinical practice and is not medical advice. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice.

Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction (TMJ Dysfunction) comes under the umbrella term of Temporomandibular Joint Disorder, and in this video we go through TMJ Disorder (including Temporomandibular Joint Disorder Treatment & Anatomy). Also includes risk factors/potential causes of TMJ disorder.PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/entConsider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Buy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 What is Temporomandibular Joint Disorder?0:12 Temporomandibular Joint Anatomy 1:24 Signs and Symptoms of Temporomandibular Joint Disorder3:00 Temporomandibular Joint Disorder Risk Factors4:30 Temporomandibular Joint Disorder Causes5:17 Temporomandibular Joint Disorder Diagnosis6:29 Temporomandibular Joint Disorder TreatmentLINK TO SOCIAL MEDIA: https://www.instagram.com/rhesusmedicine/ReferencesNational Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), 2025. Temporomandibular Joint Anatomy and Disorders. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. [online] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551612/.TeachMeAnatomy, 2025. Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ). [online] Available at: https://teachmeanatomy.info/head/joints/temporomandibular/.Disclaimer: Please remember this video and all content from Rhesus Medicine is for educational and entertainment purposes only and is not a guide to diagnose or to treat any form of condition. The content is not to be used to guide clinical practice and is not medical advice. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice.

Intestinal ischemia refers to a group of conditions seen with inadequate blood flow to the intestines. This includes acute mesenteric ischemia and chronic mesenteric ischemia, affecting the small intestine, and ischemic colitis affecting the large intestine. We cover the anatomy, pathology and signs of symptoms of each form of intestinal ischemia, and also look at the diagnosis and treatment. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/gastroenterologyConsider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Buy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 What is Intestinal Ischemia (Ischemic Bowel Disease)0:18 Blood Supply of Intestines 1:36 Ischemic Bowel Disease Pathology2:36 Ischemic Bowel Disease Symptoms (Mesenteric Ischemia Symptoms / Ischemic Colitis Symptoms) 3:45 Intestinal Ischemia Risk Factors (Ischemic Bowel Disease Risk Factors)4:03 Ischemic Bowel Disease Diagnosis4:53 Ischemic Bowel Disease Treatment (Mesenteric Ischemia Treatment / Ischemic Colitis Treatment)LINK TO SOCIAL MEDIA: https://www.instagram.com/rhesusmedicine/ReferencesInnerBody, 2025. Blood supply of the intestines – Lower torso cardiovascular anatomy. [online] Available at: https://www.innerbody.com/anatomy/cardiovascular/lower-torso/blood-supply-intestines.National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), 2020. Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis, Blood Supply of Small Intestine. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. [online] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554527/.MSD Manuals Professional, 2025. Acute mesenteric ischemia – Gastrointestinal disorders / Acute abdomen and surgical gastroenterology. [online] Available at: https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/gastrointestinal-disorders/acute-abdomen-and-surgical-gastroenterology/acute-mesenteric-ischemia.Disclaimer: Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is for educational and entertainment purposes only and is not a guide to diagnose or to treat any form of condition. The content is not to be used to guide clinical practice and is not medical advice. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice.

In this video we cover the different types of heart block as well as heart block ECG interpretation, including 1st degree, 2nd degree which has two types- Mobitz 1 or Wenckebach and Mobitz 2, as well as 3rd degree heart block also known as complete heart block. We also look at causes, symptoms and treatment options for each type of heart block. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/cardiologyConsider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Buy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 Normal Cardiac Conduction Pathway1:07 First Degree Heart Block / 1st Degree AV Block  - ECG1:30 First Degree Heart Block  / 1st Degree AV Block -  Causes2:36 Second Degree Heart Block - Mobitz 1 / Wenckebach - ECG3:15 Second Degree Heart Block - Mobitz 1 - Causes4:01 Second Degree Heart Block - Mobitz 2 - ECG4:25 Second Degree Heart Block - Mobitz 2 - Causes5:29 Third Degree Heart Block / Complete Heart Block - ECG6:06 Third Degree Heart Block / Complete Heart Block - CausesLINK TO SOCIAL MEDIA: https://www.instagram.com/rhesusmedicine/References:Life in the Fast Lane (LITFL), 2024. First-Degree Heart Block • ECG Library Diagnosis. [online] Available at: https://litfl.com/first-degree-heart-block-ecg-library/. Life in the Fast Lane • LITFLOldroyd, S.H., 2023. First-degree atrioventricular block. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. [online] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448164/. NCBIMedscape, 2024. First-Degree Atrioventricular Block. eMedicine Overview. [online] Available at: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/161829-overview#a7. Medscape eMedicineLife in the Fast Lane (LITFL), 2024. AV Block: 2nd degree, Mobitz I (Wenckebach Phenomenon). [online] Available at: https://litfl.com/av-block-2nd-degree-mobitz-i-wenckebach-phenomenon/. Life in the Fast Lane • LITFLLife in the Fast Lane (LITFL), 2024. AV Block: 2nd degree, Mobitz II (Hay block). [online] Available at: https://litfl.com/av-block-2nd-degree-mobitz-ii-hay-block/. Life in the Fast Lane • LITFLDisclaimer: Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is for educational and entertainment purposes only and is not a guide to diagnose or to treat any form of condition. The content is not to be used to guide clinical practice and is not medical advice. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice.

Dilated Cardiomyopathy is the most common cardiomyopathy. We cover causes, including pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of Dilated Cardiomyopathy. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/cardiologyConsider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Timestamps:0:00 What is Dilated Cardiomyopathy?0:13 Dilated Cardiomyopathy Epidemiology0:53 Dilated Cardiomyopathy Causes (Primary vs Secondary)1:52 Dilated Cardiomyopathy Pathophysiology (with Compensatory Mechanisms) 4:09 Dilated Cardiomyopathy Signs and Symptoms4:44 Dilated Cardiomyopathy Diagnosis5:49 Dilated Cardiomyopathy TreatmentLINK TO SOCIAL MEDIA: https://www.instagram.com/rhesusmedicine/References:Bice, T.W., 2024. Dilated Cardiomyopathy. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. [online] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441911/. (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD), 2025. Dilated cardiomyopathy. [online] Available at: https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/221/dilated-cardiomyopathy.Wikipedia, 2025. Dilated cardiomyopathy. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilated_cardiomyopathy.Life in the Fast Lane (LITFL), 2025. Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) • ECG Library Diagnosis. [online] Available at: https://litfl.com/dilated-cardiomyopathy-dcm-ecg-library/.McDonagh, T.A., 2017. Diagnosis and assessment of dilated cardiomyopathy: a guideline protocol from the British Society of Echocardiography. Echo Research and Practice, 4(3), pp.R85–R98. [online] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5574280/. (pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)Disclaimer: Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is for educational and entertainment purposes only and is not a guide to diagnose or to treat any form of condition. The content is not to be used to guide clinical practice and is not medical advice. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice.

Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy, also known as Broken Heart Syndrome, Stress Cardiomyopathy or Apical Ballooning Syndrome, is a condition that impairs the heart's ability to contract effectively. Takotsubo means octopus trap in Japanese, which is the shape the left ventricle resembles in this condition. We look at Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy pathology and symptoms, diagnosis including ECG changes as well as treatment. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/cardiologyConsider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Timestamps:0:00 What is Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy? 0:36 Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Pathology / Causes1:59 Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Risk Factors2:54 Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Symptoms3:14 Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Diagnosis 4:14 Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Treatment & Prognosis LINK TO SOCIAL MEDIA: https://www.instagram.com/rhesusmedicine/ReferencesAhmad, S.A., Khalid, N. & Ibrahim, M.A., 2023. Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. [online] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430798/. NCBICardiomyopathy UK, 2025. Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy | Cardiomyopathy UK. [online] Available at: https://www.cardiomyopathy.org/about-cardiomyopathy/types-cardiomyopathy/takotsubo-cardiomyopathy. cardiomyopathy.orgWikipedia, 2025. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takotsubo_cardiomyopathy. WikipediaDisclaimer: Please remember this video and all content from Rhesus Medicine is for educational and entertainment purposes only and is not a guide to diagnose or to treat any form of condition. The content is not to be used to guide clinical practice and is not medical advice. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice.

Listener discretion is advised. References: Ehrman-Dupre R, Kaigh C, Salzman M, Haroz R, Peterson LK, Schmidt R. Management of Xylazine Withdrawal in a Hospitalized Patient: A Case Report. J Addict Med. 2022 Sep-Oct 01;16(5):595-598. doi: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000000955. Epub 2022 Jan 11. PMID: 35020700. London KS, Huo S, Murphy L, Warrick-Stone T, Goodstein D, Montesi M, Carter M, Butt S, Alexander K, Satz W, Tasillo A, Xu L, Arora M, Casey E, McKeever R, Lowenstein M, Durney P, Hart B, Perrone J. Severe Fentanyl Withdrawal Associated With Medetomidine Adulteration: A Multicenter Study From Philadelphia, PA. J Addict Med. 2025 Aug 1. doi: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000001560. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40747932. Reel B, Maani CV. Dexmedetomidine. [Updated 2023 May 1]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513303/

An overview of what is a hiatus hernia (including sliding & paraesophageal classification), the causes of a hiatus hernia as well as the most common signs and symptoms. Also includes diagnosis and treatment of hiatus hernia. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/gastroenterologyConsider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Buy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 What is  Hiatal Hernia0:27 Hiatal Hernia Causes / Pathophysiology1:09 Hiatal Hernia Symptoms2:05 Epidemiology (Who gets a Hiatal Hernia)2:20 Hiatal Hernia Classification3:09 Hiatal Hernia Diagnosis3:53 Hiatal Hernia TreatmentLINK TO SOCIAL MEDIA: https://www.instagram.com/rhesusmedicine/ReferenceNational Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), 2024. Hiatal hernia. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. [online] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562200/. NCBIHyun, J.J., 2011. Clinical significance of hiatal hernia. PMC Articles, PMCID PMC3166665. [online] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3166665/. PMCEmbleton, D.B. et al., 2018. Congenital hiatus hernia: a case series. PMC Articles, PMCID PMC6593919. [online] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6593919/. PMCHopkins Medicine, 2022. Hiatal hernia. [online] Available at: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/hernias/hiatal-hernia. Hopkins MedicinePatient.info, 2025. Hiatus hernia: symptoms, causes and treatment. [online] Available at: https://patient.info/digestive-health/acid-reflux-and-oesophagitis/hiatus-hernia#nav-5. PatientMSD Manuals, 2025. Hiatus hernia – esophageal and swallowing disorders. [online] Available at: https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-gb/professional/gastrointestinal-disorders/esophageal-and-swallowing-disorders/hiatus-hernia.Disclaimer: Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is for educational and entertainment purposes only and is not a guide to diagnose or to treat any form of condition. The content is not to be used to guide clinical practice and is not medical advice. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice.

Myopericarditis includes both myocarditis and pericarditis. In this video we cover what is myopericarditis, as well as causes of myocarditis and pericarditis, signs and symptoms of pericarditis and myocarditis, as well as the diagnosis and treatment. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/cardiologyConsider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Buy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 What is Myopericarditis? (What is Myocarditis / What is Pericarditis?)0:15 Anatomy - Pericardium & Layers of the Heart 1:41 Infectious Causes of Myocarditis / Pericarditis 2:31 Non Infectious Causes of Myocarditis / Pericarditis 3:22 Signs and Symptoms4:19 Diagnosis of Myopericarditis5:45 Treatment of Myocarditis and Pericarditis LINK TO SOCIAL MEDIA: https://www.instagram.com/rhesusmedicine/ReferencesMSD Manuals Professional, 2025. Myocarditis – Cardiovascular Disorders. [online] Available at: https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/myocarditis-and-pericarditis/myocarditis. Reviewed/Revised May 2024; Modified Oct 2025. MSD ManualsManda, Y. & Baradhi, K., 2023. Myopericarditis. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. [online] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534776/. NCBIWikipedia, 2025. Myopericarditis. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myopericarditis. en.wikipedia.orgDisclaimer: Please remember this video and all content from Rhesus Medicine is for educational and entertainment purposes only and is not a guide to diagnose or to treat any form of condition. The content is not to be used to guide clinical practice and is not medical advice. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice.

Depression, also known as major depressive disorder, is projected to be the number 1 cause of disease burden by 2030. We look at the causes and risk factors, the DSM 5 diagnostic criteria, and the treatment of depression.PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/psychiatryConsider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 Major Depressive Disorder0:23 DSM 5 Criteria - Major Depressive Disorder 1:58 Depression Causes & Risk Factors 3:10 Depression Pathophysiology 4:28 Depression Epidemiology 4:59 Depression Diagnosis 5:39 Depression Treatment LINK TO SOCIAL MEDIA: https://www.instagram.com/rhesusmedicine/Reference:Bains, N. & Abdijadid, S., 2023. Major Depressive Disorder. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. [online] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559078/. NCBIPsycom, 2025. DSM-5 depression criteria – Major Depressive Disorder. [online] Available at: https://www.psycom.net/depression/major-depressive-disorder/dsm-5-depression-criteria.Wikipedia, 2025. Major depressive disorder. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder.National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 2025. Depression. [online] Available at: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/depression.Bondy, B., 2002. Pathophysiology of depression and mechanisms of treatment. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 4(1), pp.7–20. [online] Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.31887/DCNS.2002.4.1/bbondy. Taylor & Francis OnlineDisclaimer: Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is for educational and entertainment purposes only and is not a guide to diagnose or to treat any form of condition. The content is not to be used to guide clinical practice and is not medical advice. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice.

A complete look at asthma, including asthma pathophysiology, causes, as well as asthma signs and symptoms. Also includes how asthma is diagnosed as well as asthma treatment.PDFs available at: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/respiratoryConsider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Buy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 What is Asthma / Asthma Definition0:22 Asthma Pathophysiology - Anatomy1:09 Asthma Molecular Pathology  (Early v Late Phase) 3:12 Airway Remodelling3:40 Asthma Causes & Risk Factors4:40 Asthma Symptoms 5:38 Asthma Diagnosis (Chronic - Includes Spirometry)7:15 Acute Exacerbation of Asthma (Mnemonic)8:00 Asthma Treatment - Stepwise ApproachLINK TO SOCIAL MEDIA: https://www.instagram.com/rhesusmedicine/ReferencesNational Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), 2018. Asthma. [online] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6157154/. PubMed CentralWiley Online Library, 2023. Allergic disease article. Allergy [online] Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/all.14607. (Exact article title assumed – if you want the full title, provide the page text).National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), 2025. Pathophysiology of Asthma. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. [online] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551579/. NCBIMoore, V.C., 2025. Spirometry: step by step. Breathe, 8(3), pp.232-240. [online] Available at: https://publications.ersnet.org/content/breathe/8/3/232. ERS PublicationsReddel, H.K. et al., 2021. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) Strategy 2021 – Executive summary and rationale for key changes. European Respiratory Journal, 59(1):2102730. [online] Available at: https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/59/1/2102730. ERS PublicationsBMJ Best Practice, 2025. BMJ Best Practice: Info. [online] Available at: https://bestpractice.bmj.com/info/.Disclaimer: Please remember this video and all content from Rhesus Medicine is for educational and entertainment purposes only and is not a guide to diagnose or to treat any form of condition. The content is not to be used to guide clinical practice and is not medical advice. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice.

Welcome to Episode 51 of “The 2 View,” the podcast for EM and urgent care nurse practitioners and physician assistants! Segment 1 Rodríguez, M. Á., Quintana-Cepedal, M., Cheval, B., Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C., Crespo, I., & Olmedillas, H. (2025, October 7). Effect of exercise snacks on fitness and cardiometabolic health in physically inactive individuals: Systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2025-110027 Rodgers, L. (2025, October 17). As pickleball continues to gain players, injuries are increasing. JAMA. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2025.18833 Segment 2 Baos, S., Lui, M., Walker-Smith, T., Pufulete, M., Messenger, D., Abbadi, R., Batchelor, T., Casali, G., Edwards, M., Goddard, N., Abu Hilal, M., Alzetani, A., Vaida, M., Martinovsky, P., Saravanan, P., Cook, T., Malhotra, R., Simpson, A., Little, R., Wordsworth, S., Stokes, E., Jiang, J., Reeves, B., Culliford, L., Collett, L., Maishman, R., Chauhan, N., McCullagh, L., McKeon, H., Abbs, S., Lamb, J., Gilbert, A., Hughes, C., Wynick, D., Angelini, G., Grocott, M., Gibbison, B., & Rogers, C. A. (2025). Gabapentin for pain management after major surgery: A placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial (the GAP Study). Anesthesiology, 143(4), 851-861. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000005655 NEJM Journal Watch. (2024, December 30). Growing evidence of harms associated with gabapentinoid drugs. JWatch. https://www.jwatch.org/na58203/2024/12/30/growing-evidence-harms-associated-with-gabapentinoid-drugs Moeindarbari, S., Beheshtian, N., & Hashemi, S. (2022). Cerebral vein thrombosis in a woman using oral contraceptive pills for a short period of time: A case report. Journal of Medical Case Reports, 16, Article 260. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-022-03473-w Peckham, A. M., Evoy, K. E., Ochs, L., & Covvey, J. R. (2018). Gabapentin for off-label use: Evidence-based or cause for concern? Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, 12, 1178221818801311. https://doi.org/10.1177/1178221818801311 The 2 View: Emergency Medicine PAs & NPs. (2025, January 22). 41 – RCVS and CVT, CPR care science, prehospital tourniquets, blood pressure [Audio podcast episode]. Fireside. https://2view.fireside.fm/41 Strahan, A. E., Rikard, S. M., Schmit, K. M., Zhang, K., Guy, G. P., Jr., & [Additional Authors]. (2025). Trends in dispensed gabapentin prescriptions in the United States, 2010 to 2024. Annals of Internal Medicine. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.7326/ANNALS-25-01750 Segment 3 Brown, R. F., Lopez, K., Smith, C. B., & Charles, A. (2025). Diverticulitis: A review. JAMA, 334(13), 1180-1191. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2025.10234 Carr, S., & Velasco, A. L. (2024, July 25). Colon diverticulitis. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541110/ Bob Tubbs on Emergency Radiology: https://youtu.be/Jg1JG67eoJQ Our social media: TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@ccmecourses Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ccmecourses Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/CenterForMedicalEducation LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/rickbukata Our podcasts: The 2 View Podcast (Free): Subscribe on Apple Podcasts https://apple.co/3rhVNZw​ Subscribe on Google Podcasts: http://bit.ly/2MrAHcD​ Subscribe On Spotify: http://spoti.fi/3tDM4im Risk Management Monthly Podcast (Paid CME): https://www.ccme.org/riskmgmt ** The information in this video is not intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. All content, including text, graphics, images, and information, contained in this video is for general information purposes only and does not replace a consultation with your own doctor/health professional. emergencymedicine #cme

A quick and easy way to remember the Salter Harris classification, using the mnemonic SALTR.PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/orthopaedicsConsider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineLINK TO SOCIAL MEDIA: https://www.instagram.com/rhesusmedicine/ReferencesGaillard F, Silverstone L, Walizai T, et al. Salter-Harris classification. Radiopaedia.org. Last revised 11 February 2025. Available at: https://radiopaedia.org/articles/salter-harris-classification?lang=gbPhyseal (growth plate) injuries. The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne. Available at: https://www.rch.org.au/fracture-education/growth_plate_injuries/physeal_growth_plate_injuries/Levine RH, Thomas A, Nezwek TA, et al. Salter-Harris Fracture. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–. [Updated 10 August 2023] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430688/Image EM/79444. UpToDate. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=EM%2F79444Disclaimer: Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is for educational and entertainment purposes only and is not a guide to diagnose or to treat any form of condition.  The content is not to be used to guide clinical practice and is not medical advice. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice. 

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a frequent complication of exposure to trauma. We look at PTSD symptoms and causes, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of post traumatic stress disorder. PDFs available at: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/psychiatryConsider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 What is PTSD? 0:48 Signs and Symptoms of PTSD2:27 PTSD Diagnosis3:30 PTSD Pathophysiology4:56 PTSD Risk Factors6:03 PTSD TreatmentReferences:BMJ Best Practice. (2024). Post-traumatic stress disorder. [online] Available at: https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/430 (BMJ Best Practice)Mann, S.K., Marwaha, R. & Torrico, T.J. (2024). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. Last update 25 February 2024. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559129/ (NCBI)PTSD UK. (n.d.). PTSD Stats – PTSD UK. [online] Available at: https://www.ptsduk.org/ptsd-stats/ (PTSD UK)PTSD UK. (2019). Secondary Trauma – PTSD UK. [online] Available at: https://www.ptsduk.org/secondary-trauma/ (PTSD UK)Disclaimer: Please remember this video and all content from Rhesus Medicine is for educational and entertainment purposes only and is not a guide to diagnose or to treat any form of condition. The content is not to be used to guide clinical practice and is not medical advice. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) explained, including causes and pathophysiology, as well as symptoms and complications. We also look at diagnosis and treatment options. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/nephrologyConsider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 What is Chronic Kidney Disease?1:45 Chronic Kidney Disease Symptoms & Complications4:51 Chronic Kidney Disease Causes7:20 Chronic Kidney Disease Pathophysiology 8:14 Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology / Risk Factors 8:53 Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis10:30 Chronic Kidney Disease Treatment LINK TO SOCIAL MEDIA: https://www.instagram.com/rhesusmedicine/ReferencesNICE Clinical Knowledge Summaries (CKS). Definition of Chronic Kidney Disease. Last revised May 2025. Available at: https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/chronic-kidney-disease/background-information/definition/ (NICE)StatPearls. Chronic Kidney Disease. In StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025. Last updated July 31 2024. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535404/ (NCBI, PubMed)Wikipedia contributors. Chronic kidney disease. Last updated August 2025. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_kidney_disease (Wikipedia)GPCPD (HEIW Wales). Prescribing in Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). Updated 2025. Available at: https://gpcpd.heiw.wales/clinical/acute-kidney-injury-in-primary-care/prescribing-in-aki/Kidney International. Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease: an update 2022. Kidney International Supplements, 2022 Apr;12(1):7–11. Available at: https://www.kidney-international.org/article/S0085-2538(22)00518-X/fulltext (PubMed)Disclaimer: Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is for educational and entertainment purposes only and is not a guide to diagnose or to treat any form of condition. The content is not to be used to guide clinical practice and is not medical advice. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice.

Nephrotic Syndrome explained clearly (including differences from Nephritic Syndrome), looking at causes and pathophysiology, as well as symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options. PDFs available at: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/nephrologyConsider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 Nephrotic vs Nephritic Syndrome1:02 Nephrotic Syndrome Pathophysiology2:01 Nephrotic Syndrome Signs and Symptoms 4:42 Nephrotic Syndrome Causes 7:34 Nephrotic Syndrome Epidemiology / Risk Factors8:07 Nephrotic Syndrome Diagnosis9:15 Nephrotic Syndrome Treatment LINK TO SOCIAL MEDIA: https://www.instagram.com/rhesusmedicine/ReferencesNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults. Last reviewed 2025. Available at: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/nephrotic-syndrome-adultsWikipedia contributors. Nephrotic syndrome. Last updated July 2025. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephrotic_syndromeStatPearls. Nephrotic Syndrome. In StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025. Available at: https://www.statpearls.com/articlelibrary/viewarticle/25713/Geeky Medics. Nephrotic vs Nephritic Syndrome | Renal. Last updated August 2025. Available at: https://geekymedics.com/nephrotic-vs-nephritic-syndrome/AMBOSS. Nephrotic syndrome. Last updated March 2025. Available at: https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/Nephrotic_syndromePubMed. Thrombosis in nephrotic syndrome. Published 2013. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23625754/BMJ Best Practice. Assessment of nephrotic syndrome – Differential diagnosis of symptoms. Last updated March 2025. Available at: https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/356Italian Journal of Pediatrics (Biomed Central). The Italian Society for Pediatric Nephrology (SINePe) consensus document on the management of nephrotic syndrome in children: Part I – Diagnosis and treatment of the first episode and the first relapse. Published 2017. Available at: https://ijponline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13052-017-0356-xDisclaimer: Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is for educational and entertainment purposes only and is not a guide to diagnose or to treat any form of condition. The content is not to be used to guide clinical practice and is not medical advice. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice

Nephritic Syndrome explained clearly, including differences from Nephrotic Syndrome, clinical features and the causes made easy to remember- including pathology. PDFs available at: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/nephrologyConsider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 What is Nephritic Syndrome?0:33 Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome1:29 Nephritic Syndrome Pathophysiology3:20 Nephritic Syndrome Signs and Symptoms3:45 Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis5:18 Anti Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease (Goodpasture's Disease) 6:09 IgA Nephropathy7:25 Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis8:47 Diffuse Proliferative Glomerulonephritis 9:38 Pauci Immune – ANCA Vasculitis 10:49 Alport's Syndrome 11:29 Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis12:20 Nephritic Syndrome Diagnosis 13:08 Nephritic Syndrome Treatment LINK TO SOCIAL MEDIA: https://www.instagram.com/rhesusmedicine/ReferencesGeeky Medics. Nephrotic vs Nephritic Syndrome | Renal. Last updated 18 August 2025. Available at: https://geekymedics.com/nephrotic-vs-nephritic-syndrome/StatPearls. Nephritic Syndrome. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562240/AMBOSS. Nephritic syndrome. Last updated 23 May 2025. Available at: https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/Nephritic_syndromeWikipedia contributors. Nephritic syndrome. Last updated 30 August 2025. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephritic_syndromeClinicalKey. Nephritic Syndrome. Last updated 2025. Available at: https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/playContent/1-s2.0-S0095454320300579?scrollTo=%23hl0000359MedBullets. Nephritic Syndrome. Last updated 28 February 2025. Available at: https://step2.medbullets.com/renal/120698/nephritic-syndromeDisclaimer: Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is for educational and entertainment purposes only and is not a guide to diagnose or to treat any form of condition. The content is not to be used to guide clinical practice and is not medical advice. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice.

Shoulder dislocation (Glenohumeral Joint Dislocation) is the most common large joint dislocation. We look at the mechanisms (Anterior, Posterior and Inferior) as well as X-Ray findings and treatment. PDFs available at: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/orthopaedicsConsider subscribing on (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 Shoulder Joint Anatomy1:45 Anterior Shoulder Dislocation2:48 Posterior Shoulder Dislocation4:03 Inferior Shoulder Dislocation4:25 Shoulder Dislocation Complications5:12 Diagnosis (Anterior Shoulder Dislocation X-Ray) 6:13 Posterior Shoulder Dislocation X-Ray6:54 Shoulder Dislocation TreatmentReferencesTeachMeAnatomy. The Shoulder Joint – Structure – Movement. Last updated October 8, 2024. Available at: https://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/joints/shoulder/ (TeachMeAnatomy)Radiopaedia. Hill-Sachs Defect | Radiology Reference Article. Published 8 months ago (circa December 2024). Available at: https://radiopaedia.org/articles/hill-sachs-defect?lang=us (Radiopaedia)Radiopaedia. Posterior Shoulder Dislocation | Radiology Reference Article. Published 10 months ago (circa October 2024). Available at: https://radiopaedia.org/articles/posterior-shoulder-dislocation (Radiopaedia)Physiopedia. Shoulder Dislocation. Available at: https://www.physio-pedia.com/Shoulder_Dislocation (Physiopedia)Abrams, R. & Akbarnia, H. Shoulder Dislocations Overview. In StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–. Last updated August 8, 2023. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459125/ (NCBI)MedBullets. Anterior Shoulder Dislocation. Published 3.7 years ago (circa early 2022). Available at: https://step2.medbullets.com/orthopedics/120534/anterior-shoulder-dislocation (step2.medbullets.com)Disclaimer: Please remember this video and all content from Rhesus Medicine is for educational and entertainment purposes only and is not a guide to diagnose or to treat any form of condition. The content is not to be used to guide clinical practice and is not medical advice. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice.

Tennis Elbow and Golfer's Elbow (also more recently called Lateral and Medial Elbow Tendinopathies) explained, including symptoms, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. PDFs Available at: https://rhesusmedicine.com/Consider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineTimestamps:0:00 What is Tennis Elbow / What is Golfer's Elbow? 0:25 Lateral Epicondylitis Pathophysiology / Medial Epicondylitis Pathophysiology1:55 Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow) Signs and Symptoms 2:40 Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer's Elbow) Signs and Symptoms3:16 General Epicondylitis / Tendinosis Signs and Symptoms 3:42 Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow) & Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer's Elbow) Diagnosis 4:07 Tennis Elbow Treatment / Golfer's Elbow TreatmentLINK TO MNEMONICS:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-XE7PiwGgE&list=PLGNSE_HvIV4t7a33bbHN1fq-j_tge0GmpLINK TO SOCIAL MEDIA: https://www.instagram.com/rhesusmedicine/References:American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS). Tennis Elbow (Lateral Epicondylitis). OrthoInfo. Last reviewed June 2022. Available at: https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/tennis-elbow-lateral-epicondylitis/Buchanan, B. K., & Varacallo, M. (2025 Jan). Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow). In StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. Last update August 4 2023. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431092/Wikipedia contributors. (2025). Tennis elbow. Wikipedia. Last updated August 2025. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis_elbowReece, C. L., Li, D., & Susmarski, A. J. (2025 Jan). Medial Epicondylitis. In StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. Last update May 2 2024. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557869/Disclaimer: Please remember this video and all content from Rhesus Medicine is for educational and entertainment purposes only and is not a guide to diagnose or to treat any form of condition.  The content is not to be used to guide clinical practice and is not medical advice. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice. 

A break in a bone of the ankle (Talocrural Joint) is known as an ankle fracture, and there are multiple different kinds. We look at normal ankle anatomy, as well as the types of fracture (including Danis-Weber Classification), the diagnosis (including X Ray findings) and treatment options. PDFs available at: Orthopaedics – Rhesus MedicineConsider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicineBuy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicineReferences:American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS). Ankle Fractures (Broken Ankle). OrthoInfo. Last reviewed September 2022. Available at: https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/ankle-fractures-broken-ankle/Orthobullets. Ankle Fractures. Orthobullets. Updated 2023. Available at: https://www.orthobullets.com/trauma/1047/ankle-fracturesTeachMeSurgery. Ankle Fracture. TeachMeSurgery. Updated 2023. Available at: https://teachmesurgery.com/orthopaedic/ankle-and-foot/ankle-fracture/TeachMeAnatomy. Ankle Joint. TeachMeAnatomy. Updated 2023. Available at: https://teachmeanatomy.info/lower-limb/joints/ankle-joint/Smith, J. M. & Varacallo, M. (2025 Jan). Ankle Fractures. In StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. Last updated August 2023. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542324/Geeky Medics. Ankle X-ray Interpretation. Last updated April 2025. Available at: https://geekymedics.com/ankle-x-ray-interpretation/Disclaimer: Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is for educational and entertainment purposes only and is not a guide to diagnose or to treat any form of condition.  The content is not to be used to guide clinical practice and is not medical advice. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice. 

Producer Madi educates the masses on teeth disease. Audio Intro: “Pantyhose” by TV GirlFrom the Free Music ArchiveCC BY NC 4.0Audio Outro: “Pantyhose” by TV GirlFrom the Free Music ArchiveCC BY NC 4.0“Necrotizing Periodontitis.” Center for Advanced Periodontics & Implant Dentistry, advancedperio.org/p/BLOG-106627-2023.8.7-Necrotizing-Periodontitis-p.asp.Ogunleye, Rachel, Obioma Ukoha, Weronika Nasterska, Ewen McColl, Fatima Dantata, and Ifeoluwa Adetula. “Necrotising Periodontal Diseases: An Update on Classification and Management.” BDJ Team, vol. 10, 2023, pp. 22–25. doi:10.1038/s41407-023-1749-x.Balaji, Thodur Madapusi, et al. “Necrotizing Periodontal Diseases in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy: A Review.” Disease-a-Month, vol. 67, no. 9, Sept. 2021, Art. 101168, doi:10.1016/j.disamonth.2021.101168.Novak, M. J. “Necrotizing Ulcerative Periodontitis.” Annals of Periodontology, vol. 4, no. 1, Dec. 1999, pp. 74-78. doi:10.1902/annals.1999.4.1.74Herrera, David, et al. “Acute Periodontal Lesions (Periodontal Abscesses and Necrotizing Periodontal Diseases) and Endo-Periodontal Lesions.” Journal of Clinical Periodontology, vol. 45, Suppl. 20, June 2018, pp. S78–S94. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12941.Gasner NS, Brizuela M, Schure RS. Necrotizing Periodontal Diseases. 2025 Jul 7. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–. PMID: 32491349.

Night terrors are dramatic but benign episodes that can leave caregivers frightened and confused. In this episode of PEM Currents: The Pediatric Emergency Medicine Podcast, we explore the clinical features of night terrors, how to differentiate them from other nocturnal events, and when to consider further evaluation such as polysomnography. We also discuss management strategies that center on sleep hygiene, reassurance, and safety, with a special look at the role of scheduled awakenings and when medication is appropriate. Learning Objectives By the end of this episode, listeners will be able to: Describe the typical clinical presentation and age range of children with night terrors. Differentiate night terrors from other parasomnias and nocturnal seizures based on clinical features and timing. Discuss non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic management strategies for night terrors, including when to consider polysomnography. References Petit D, Touchette E, Tremblay RE, et al. Dyssomnias and parasomnias in early childhood. Pediatrics. 2007;119(5):e1016-e1025. Morse AM, Kotagal S. Parasomnias of childhood, including sleepwalking. In: Chervin RD, ed. UpToDate. Hoppin AG, deputy ed. Waltham, MA. Accessed November 2025. Van Horn NL, Street M. Night Terrors. Updated May 29, 2023. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493222/ Transcript This transcript was provided via use of the Descript AI application Welcome to PEM Currents, The Pediatric Emergency Medicine Podcast. As always, I'm your host Brad Sobolewski. In this episode, we're talking about night terrors, also known as sleep terrors. A dramatic, confusing, and often terrifying experience for caregivers to witness. But they're usually benign and self-limited for the child. Kind of like a lot of the things in childhood actually, what are we gonna talk about? Well, what are night terrors? How do we diagnose them? How to differentiate them from seizures or other parasomnias key counseling for parents in the emergency department, when to refer for sleep studies or neurology evaluation, and what role, if any, medications play. So let's start with talking about what night terrors actually look like. They're part of a group of disorders called non REM parasomnias, which also includes sleepwalking and confusion arousals. They are not nightmares and they are not signs of psychological trauma. Children experiencing night terrors typically sit up suddenly during sleep, scream, cry or appear terrified. Show signs of autonomic arousal. So rapid breathing, tachycardia, sweating. They're confused or inconsolable for several minutes and they have absolutely no recollection of the event the next morning. These events usually occur in the first third of the night when children are in deep, slow wave sleep, so stage N three, and they can last five to 15 minutes, but trust me, they seem to last much longer to observers. Night terrors occur most commonly between ages three and seven with a peak around five years of age. They're rare before 18 months and unusual after age 12. Preschool aged children are most affected because they spend more time in deep, slow wave sleep. They have more fragmented sleep architecture, and they may not have fully developed arousal regulation mechanisms. Episodes can start as early as toddlerhood, especially if the child has a family history of parasomnias. So like sleep, walking night terrors or other things, sleep deprivation or stressful life events like starting daycare or a new sibling or a move, although less common, older children and even adolescents can experience night terrors, especially in the context of stress, sleep deprivation or comorbid sleep disorders like sleep apnea. Why do they happen? Well, they're usually due to incomplete arousal from deep sleep, so the brain is essentially stuck between sleep and wakefulness. Factors that increase the risk of frequency of night terrors include again, sleep deprivation, recent illness, stress, or anxiety. Sleep disordered breathing, or a family history of parasomnias, there's a real strong genetic component. Up to 80% of children with night terrors have a first degree relative with similar episodes. The diagnosis is entirely clinical and based on history. You should ask parents, what time of night did these episodes occur? Is the child confused, frightened, or hard to wake? Is there amnesia the next day so they don't remember the event? And are the movements variable or stereotyped? Sometimes parents will video record these, and that can really help us clarify the episodes when we're in the emergency department. You definitely do not need labs or imaging in a typical presentation. I think parents are often seeking an explanation for why their child looks so freaky. In my experience, just telling them that it's a night terror and that it's benign and providing reassurance on how healthy their kid is, is more than enough. Now, not all nighttime events are sleep terrors. You should consider neurology referral and video polysomnography or sleep studies with extended EEG when onset is very early, so younger than 18 months or late in childhood. So older than 12 or 13 episodes occur outside of the first third of the night. Again, find out when the kid went to bed. And do math. The first third of the night is the first 33% of their typical sleep time. The events are brief clustered or stereotyped. The movements are repetitive, focal or violent. If kid just moving just their right arm. That's not a night terror. Often the movements will look fearful and they'll be sort of disorganized. Rhythmic movements don't typically happen in night terrors, and there's a recent injury. The child has excessive daytime sleepiness, or there's some developmental regression or abnormality. All those are red flags. Differentiating from nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy can be tricky. Nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy events are usually short. Highly stereotyped. They have abrupt onset and offset, and they may include dystonic or tonic posturing. So if the family has a video of this, that can be really helpful using a good clinical history. Video recordings in EEG generally distinguish night terrors from these forms of epilepsy. But let's be honest, most of the kids you see in the ED with a typical presentation of night terrors are just night terrors. These events are really scary and we are gonna see them in the emergency departments, and so your first goal is to just reassure the family. The events are not harmful. The kid isn't aware that they had them, and the child suffers no ongoing psychological harm. That doesn't mean that the parent isn't freaked out or that nervousness doesn't linger. You wanna avoid sleep deprivation If possible, counsel families on age appropriate bedtimes and naps. Stick to a routine consistent bedtime routines. Reduce sleep fragmentation, which is a known risk factor for children with frequent or predictable night terrors. Try waking them 15 to 30 minutes before the usual episode happens. So I've seen lots of kids with frequent night terrors, and they usually happen around the same time at night. And you wanna do this, this 15 to 30 minute awakening before the usual episodes each night for about two to four weeks. That's labor intensive as a parent, but it can help these awakenings interrupt the sleep cycle and break the pattern. Keep kids safe. Use baby gates, door alarms. Make sure windows are locked, don't put younger kids in bunk beds and remove sharp obstacles or objects near the bed. So if they've got a pointy ended nightstand, oh, that's just something for the kid to fall into or smack against. Do we ever use medications for night terrors? Well, almost never. You know, pharmacologic therapy such as low dose benzodiazepines or tricyclic antidepressants is really only reserved for severe episodes. Kids with substantial risk for injury or disruption of the family life or school in a substantial way. I'm not gonna make that call in the emergency department. And these are sleep specialist referral guided therapies. You also wanna consider evaluating children for comorbid sleep disorders, especially in recurrent night terrors, like obstructive sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome. This may worsen the parasomnias. For kids in which you're unsure, polysomnography can be used. This is an overnight sleep study that monitors brainwaves via EEG, eye movements, muscle activity, heart rhythm, breathing effort, and airflow and oxygen saturation. But it's also done in a hospital and not during the kid's usual sleep routine. So most children that have night terrors, if you get the right history, you can make the diagnosis clinically and the kids don't need any expensive or expanded testing to get to the bottom of things. Alright, take home points for this brief episode. Night terrors are common, especially in preschool aged children. They occur in non REM sleep in the first third of the night. The episodes are very dramatic, but they're benign and children don't remember them. But trust me, parents do. The diagnosis is clinical. No labs or imaging are needed unless there's atypical features. You should reassure families, promote sleep hygiene and use scheduled awakenings for frequent and recurrent cases, and refer for sleep studies and or neurology of episodes or violent stereotyped, or suggest nocturnal seizures. Thanks for listening to this episode. I hope you found it educational about a topic that you will encounter in the emergency department. As with many things in children that are scary, there's a benign explanation and parents are just looking to know that their kid's gonna be okay. Often doing a thorough history in physical and really listening to the parents' concerns and then providing useful information is all you gotta do. That's why pediatrics is great. If you've got feedback on this episode or there's other common topics you'd like to hear about, send them my way. If you enjoyed this episode and think that other people should listen to it, share it with them. More listeners means more learners. And if you have a chance, leave a review or like the podcast on your favorite podcast site for PEM Currents, the Pediatric Emergency Medicine Podcast. This has been Brad Sobolewski. See you next time.  

Learn how to sharpen your pediatric intubation skills and make evidence-based decisions at the bedside. Today, Dr. Pradip Kamat, Dr. Monica Gray, and Dr. Rahul Damania expertly dissect the nuances of selecting optimal induction agents for critically ill children in the PICU. Through engaging, real-world case scenarios, our hosts guide you through drug choices in complex situations such as cardiogenic shock, septic shock, and elevated intracranial pressure—always prioritizing hemodynamic stability and patient safety. Gain valuable insights into the advantages, limitations, and clinical pearls of agents like propofol, fentanyl, ketamine, and midazolam, along with practical strategies for rapid sequence intubation, neuromuscular blockade, and individualized patient care. Don't miss this high-yield discussion, packed with actionable knowledge!Show Highlights:Induction agents for endotracheal intubation in critically ill childrenClinical scenarios highlighting optimal choices of induction agents and neuromuscular blockersImportance of maintaining hemodynamic stability during intubationPharmacology and clinical considerations of various induction agents (e.g., propofol, ketamine, fentanyl, etomidate)Use of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) in pediatric intubationDifferences between depolarizing and non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockersRisks associated with specific induction agents in patients with cardiac dysfunction or septic shockModified rapid sequence intubation (RSI) techniques for unstable patientsKey takeaways for managing critically ill pediatric patients requiring intubationPractical tips for optimizing intubation conditions and minimizing complicationsReferences:Fuhrman & Zimmerman - Textbook of Pediatric Critical Care 6th Edition. Chapters 127 - 135, Pages 1510 - 1610Hendrix JM, Regunath H. Intubation Endotracheal Tube Medications. [Updated 2025 Jan 19]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459276/Agrawal, Dewesh. Rapid sequence intubation (RSI) in children for emergency medicine: Medications for sedation and paralysis. UpToDate. Last updated Dec 4, 2024.Vanlinthout LE, Geniets B, Driessen JJ, Saldien V, Lapré R, Berghmans J, Uwimpuhwe G, Hens N. Neuromuscular-blocking agents for tracheal intubation in pediatric patients (0-12 years): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Paediatr Anaesth. 2020 Apr;30(4):401-414. doi: 10.1111/pan.13806. Epub 2020 Mar 9. PMID: 31887248.Tarquinio KM, Howell JD, Montgomery V, Turner DA, Hsing DD, Parker MM, Brown CA 3rd, Walls RM, Nadkarni VM, Nishisaki A; National Emergency Airway Registry for Children; Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators Network. Current medication practice and tracheal intubation safety outcomes from a prospective multicenter observational cohort study. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2015 Mar;16(3):210-8. doi: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000000319. PMID: 25581629.Conway JA, Kharayat P, Sanders RC Jr, Nett S, Weiss SL, Edwards LR, Breuer R, Kirby A, Krawiec C, Page-Goertz C, Polikoff L, Turner DA, Shults J, Giuliano JS Jr, Orioles A, Balkandier S, Emeriaud G, Rehder KJ, Kian Boon JL, Shenoi A, Vanderford P, Nuthall G, Lee A, Zeqo J, Parsons SJ, Furlong-Dillard J, Meyer K, Harwayne-Gidansky I, Jung P, Adu-Darko M, Bysani GK, McCarthy MA, Shlomovich M, Toedt-Pingel I, Branca A, Esperanza MC, Al-Subu AM, Pinto M, Tallent S, Shetty R, Thyagarajan S, Ikeyama T, Tarquinio KM, Skippen P, Kasagi M, Howell JD, Nadkarni VM, Nishisaki A; National Emergency Airway Registry for Children (NEAR4KIDS) and for the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators...

Mornings can set the tone for the rest of your day, and with PCOS, the right habits can make a huge difference. In this episode, I'm sharing five simple habits that support stable blood sugars, a regulated appetite, better focus, and healthier cortisol management. These aren't complicated or Instagram-perfect routines, but doable shifts you can start right away to make mornings less chaotic and create a ripple effect for the rest of your day. Ready to boost your energy, regulate cycles and feel confident with a clear plan to thrive with PCOS? Our PCOS Recovery Program is now open for enrolment - we start Sept 24th! This is your chance to move beyond short-term diets and finally feel confident in your health. Join us. If you enjoyed this episode, we'd love to hear it - please leave a rating and review! References:Malone JC, Thavamani A. Physiology, Gastrocolic Reflex. [Updated 2023 May 1]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549888/ Witbracht M, Keim NL, Forester S, Widaman A, Laugero K. Female breakfast skippers display a disrupted cortisol rhythm and elevated blood pressure. Physiol Behav. 2015 Mar 1;140:215-21. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.12.044. Epub 2014 Dec 27. PMID: 25545767. Xiao K, Furutani A, Sasaki H, Takahashi M, Shibata S. Effect of a High Protein Diet at Breakfast on Postprandial Glucose Level at Dinner Time in Healthy Adults. Nutrients. 2022 Dec 24;15(1):85. doi: 10.3390/nu15010085. PMID: 36615743; PMCID: PMC9824806.

Ready for a deep dive into a real-life pediatric ICU situation? Today, Dr. Pradip Kamat, Dr. Monica Gray, and Dr. Rahul Damania will walk you through the case of a seven-year-old girl with Hemoglobin SC (HbSC) disease, who presents with abdominal swelling, pneumonia, low oxygen, and pain.In this episode, our team unpacks the spleen's anatomy and its crucial role in immunity, then zooms in on how sickle cell disease can throw a wrench in splenic function. You'll hear how they approach the diagnosis and management of acute splenic sequestration crisis, sharing clinical pearls along the way. Plus, they'll break down why quick recognition is so important and discuss strategies for both immediate and long-term care in pediatric sickle cell patients. Don't miss these practical insights from the frontlines of pediatric critical care!Show Highlights:Case study of a seven-year-old girl with hemoglobin SC diseasePresentation of symptoms: abdominal distension, pneumonia, hypoxia, and body painDiscussion of acute splenic sequestration crisis as a complication of sickle cell diseaseAnatomy and physiology of the spleenThe role of the spleen in sickle cell disease and how sickled cells affect splenic functionAcute splenic sequestration crisis, including clinical features and laboratory evaluationsManagement strategies for acute splenic sequestration crisis in the ICUImportance of blood transfusions and supportive care in treatmentProphylactic measures to prevent recurrence of splenic sequestrationEducational emphasis on recognizing clinical signs and the need for timely interventionReferences:Fuhrman & Zimmerman - Textbook of Pediatric Critical Care Chapter 88. Hemoglobinopathies. Baender, MA, Marsh Anne. Pages: 1457-1470Rogers' textbook of pediatric intensive care: Hematologic Emergencies. McCory MC, Bhar S, and Blaine E. Pages 2003-2005Brousse V, Buffet P, Rees D. The spleen and sickle cell disease: the sick(led) spleen. Br J Haematol. 2014 Jul;166(2):165-76. doi: 10.1111/bjh 12950. Epub 2014 May 26. PMID: 24862308.Waleed S, Aldabsa M, Gouher S. Splenic Sequestration Induced by Parvovirus B19: A Case Report. Cureus. 2024 May 23;16(5):e60937. doi: 10.7759/cureus. 60937. PMID: 38915956; PMCID: PMC11195323.Solanki DL, Kletter GG, Castro O. Acute splenic sequestration crises in adults with sickle cell disease. Am J Med. 1986 May;80(5):985-90. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(86)90649-2. PMID: 3706382.Karna B, Jha SK, Al Zaabi E. Hemoglobin C Disease. [Updated 2023 May 29]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559043/

Welcome to "PICU Doc on Call," the podcast where real cases meet real expertise at the bedside! Join Dr. Monica Gray, Dr. Pradip Kamat, and Dr. Rahul Damania as they unravel the mysteries of pediatric critical care. In today's episode, our team dives into the compelling case of a previously healthy seven-year-old girl who arrives with seizures, right arm weakness, and sudden respiratory failure. Together, they'll break down the diagnosis and management of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease, also known as MOGAD. This autoimmune demyelinating disorder can challenge even the most seasoned clinicians. Tune in as our experts walk you through the clinical features, essential diagnostic workup, and the critical importance of early immunosuppressive therapy. Whether you're at the bedside or on the go, this episode is packed with practical pearls and a multidisciplinary approach to recognizing and treating acute pediatric neuroimmunological emergencies in the PICU. Let's get started!Show Highlights:Presentation of a complex pediatric case involving a seven-year-old girl with new-onset seizures and acute respiratory failureDiscussion of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease (MOGAD) as an autoimmune demyelinating disorderOverview of the clinical presentation and diagnostic criteria for autoimmune encephalitisImportance of a broad differential diagnosis, including infectious and autoimmune causes, in pediatric patients with seizures and neurological deficitsDiagnostic approach involving MRI, lumbar puncture, and antibody testing for MOGADManagement strategies for MOGAD, including stabilization, seizure control, and immunosuppressive therapyNeurocritical care considerations for monitoring and treating elevated intracranial pressureLong-term management challenges and the need for multidisciplinary care in pediatric patients with MOGADDiscussion of potential outcomes and the risk of relapse in children with MOGAD.Emphasis on the importance of early and comprehensive diagnostic testing to avoid misdiagnosisReferences:Fuhrman & Zimmerman - Pediatric Critical Care 6th Edition, Chapter 64Gole S, Anand A. Autoimmune Encephalitis. [Updated 2023 Jan 2]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK578203/Salama S, Khan M, Pardo S, Izbudak I, Levy M. MOG antibody-associated encephalomyelitis/encephalitis. Mult Scler. 2019 Oct;25(11):1427-1433. doi: 10.1177/1352458519837705. Epub 2019 Mar 25. PMID: 30907249; PMCID: PMC6751007Lancaster E. The Diagnosis and Treatment of Autoimmune Encephalitis. J Clin Neurol. 2016 Jan;12(1):1-13. doi: 10.3988/jcn.2016.12.1.1. PMID: 26754777; PMCID: PMC4712273.Fisher KS, Illner A, Kannan V. Pediatric neuroinflammatory diseases in the intensive care unit. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2024 Apr;49:101118. Doi: 10.1016/j.spen.2024.101118. Epub 2024 Feb 1. PMID: 38677797.Hébert J, Muccilli A, Wennberg RA, Tang-Wai DF. Autoimmune Encephalitis and Autoantibodies: A Review of Clinical Implications. J Appl Lab Med. 2022 Jan 5;7(1):81-98. Doi: 10.1093/jalm/jfab102. PMID: 34996085.Lopez JA, Denkova M, Ramanathan S, Dale RC, Brilot F. Pathogenesis of autoimmune demyelination: from multiple sclerosis to neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease. Clin Transl Immunology. 2021 Jul 26;10(7):e1316. doi: 10.1002/cti2.1316. PMID: 34336206; PMCID: PMC8312887.

Listener discretion is advised. References: Cook AM, Morgan Jones G, Hawryluk GWJ, Mailloux P, McLaughlin D, Papangelou A, Samuel S, Tokumaru S, Venkatasubramanian C, Zacko C, Zimmermann LL, Hirsch K, Shutter L. Guidelines for the Acute Treatment of Cerebral Edema in Neurocritical Care Patients. Neurocrit Care. 2020 Jun;32(3):647-666. doi: 10.1007/s12028-020-00959-7. PMID: 32227294; PMCID: PMC7272487. Desai A, Damani R. Hyperosmolar therapy: A century of treating cerebral edema. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2021 Jul;206:106704. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106704. Epub 2021 May 20. PMID: 34045110. Mount CA, Das JM. Cerebral Perfusion Pressure. [Updated 2023 Apr 3]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537271/ Susanto M, Riantri I. Optimal Dose and Concentration of Hypertonic Saline in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review. Medeni Med J. 2022 Jun 23;37(2):203-211. doi: 10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2022.75725. PMID: 35735001; PMCID: PMC9234368.

Join medical students Binal Patel and Aashka Sheth as they discuss adolescent gynecology with pediatrician Dr. Shreeti Kapoor.  Specifically, they will discuss: What exactly is adolescent gynecology. The proper approach to taking a comprehensive history for a pediatric patient with a gynecologic chief complaint. The various causes of dysmenorrhea in the early menarche period and its presentation. The diagnostic approach to dysmenorrhea in adolescents. The approach to treatment of dysmenorrhea in a pediatric population. And how to approach addressing safe sex practices and sexually transmitted infections with adolescents. References: 21 reasons to see a gynecologist before you turn 21. ACOG. (n.d.). https://www.acog.org/womens-health/infographics/21-reasons-to-see-a-gynecologist-before-you-turn-21   Adams Hillard P. J. (2008). Menstruation in adolescents: what's normal?. Medscape journal of medicine, 10(12), 295.  Breehl L, Caban O. Physiology, Puberty. [Updated 2023 Mar 27]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534827/  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). About heavy menstrual bleeding. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/female-blood-disorders/about/heavy-menstrual-bleeding.html  Primary dysmenorrhea in adolescents. UpToDate. (n.d.). https://www.uptodate.com/contents/primary-dysmenorrhea-in-adolescents?search=Primary+Dysmenorrhea+&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=2  professional, C. C. medical. (2024, September 20). Pediatric gynecology. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/24574-pediatric-gynecology  professional, C. C. medical. (2025, February 18). Puberty. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/puberty   Sachedin, A., & Todd, N. (2020). Dysmenorrhea, endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain in adolescents. Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology, 12(1), 7–17. https://doi.org/10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2019.2019.s0217   Sexuality, Sexual Health, and Sexually Transmitted Infections in Adolescents and Young Adults. (2020). Topics in Antiviral Medicine, 28(2). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7482983/pdf/tam-28-459.pdf   UpToDate. (n.d.). Abnormal uterine bleeding in adolescents. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/abnormal-uterine-bleeding-in-adolescents-evaluation-and-approach-to-diagnosis?search=heavy%2Bbleeding&usage_type=default&source=search_result&selectedTitle=3~150&display_rank=3  

In this episode of 'Science of Slink,' Dr. Rosy Boa addresses common misconceptions about the role of the Latissimus Dorsi (lats) muscles in pole dancing. She explains the anatomy and function of the lats, debunks myths about their role in overhead movements, and offers tips on when and how to effectively train these muscles. Essential for pole dancers, the episode also covers related topics like muscle contraction, scapula stabilization, and potential causes of pain from tight lats. Dr. Boa recommends resources and exercises for better shoulder mechanics and performance in pole dancing.Are you a pole nerd interested in trying out online pole classes with Slink Through Strength? We'd love to have you! Use the code “podcast” for 10% off the Intro Pack and try out all of our unique online pole classes: https://app.acuityscheduling.com/catalog/25a67bd1/?productId=1828315&clearCart=true Chapters:00:00 Introduction and Episode Overview01:14 Common Misconceptions About Lats01:52 Understanding Muscle Function03:15 Anatomy of the Lats05:50 Lats in Pole Dancing07:36 Scapula Mechanics and Misconceptions11:03 Training and Flexibility Recommendations15:18 Conclusion and Further ReadingCitations: Bhatt CR, Prajapati B, Patil DS, Patel VD, Singh BG, Mehta CD. Variation in the insertion of the latissimus dorsi & its clinical importance. J Orthop. 2013 Mar 7;10(1):25-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jor.2013.01.002. PMID: 24403744; PMCID: PMC3768243.https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3768243/ Miniato MA, Mudreac A, Borger J. Anatomy, Thorax, Scapula. [Updated 2023 Jul 24]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538319/Paksoy, A., Akgün, D., Gebauer, H., Karczewski, D., Lacheta, L., Tokish, J. M., ... & Moroder, P. (2024). The latissimus dorsi creates a dynamic track for the inferior angle of the scapula during arm abduction in humans. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 19(1), 193.Pouliart N, Gagey O. Significance of the latissimus dorsi for shoulder instability. I. Variations in its anatomy around the humerus and scapula. Clin Anat. 2005 Oct;18(7):493-9. doi: 10.1002/ca.20185. PMID: 16092134.Links:Learn more about join the Science of Slink membership www.scienceofslink.comJoin the Essentials of Slink waitlist! https://mailchi.mp/slinkthroughstrength.com/essentials-of-slinkUse the code “TURNINGTHREE” for 25% off any drop in class: https://www.slinkthroughstrength.com/online-pole-dancing-classes-sign-up

Send us a textRiley's doctor recommended bariatric surgery as the solution to their health concerns, but when Riley came to me for advice, I realized they hadn't been told about the real risks. From anastomosis leaks with 15% mortality rates to spontaneous bowel perforations years later, the complications of weight loss surgery extend far beyond what most patients are counseled about. In this episode, I walk through the evidence-based risks that every patient deserves to know before making this life-altering decision, because informed consent requires the whole truth. If you or someone you know is considering weight loss surgery, then be sure to send them a link to this episode!References:Lim, Robert et al. “Early and late complications of bariatric operation.” Trauma surgery & acute care open vol. 3,1 e000219. 9 Oct. 2018Silva, Ana Flávia da et al. “Risk factors for the development of surgical site infection in bariatric surgery: an integrative review of literature.” Revista latino-americana de enfermagem vol. 31 (2023)Complications of bariatric surgery: presentation and emergency management--a review.” Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England vol. 91,4 (2009): 280-6.Benotti, Peter et al. “Risk factors associated with mortality after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.” Annals of surgery vol. 259,1 (2014): 123-30. Coupaye, Muriel et al. “Evaluation of incidence of cholelithiasis after bariatric surgery in subjects treated or not treated with ursodeoxycholic acid.” Surgery for obesity and related diseases : official journal of the American Society for Bariatric Surgery vol. 13,4 (2017): 681-685 Husain, Syed et al. “Small-bowel obstruction after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: etiology, diagnosis, and management.” Archives of surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) vol. 142,10 (2007): 988-93 Seeras K, Acho RJ, Lopez PP. Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Chronic Complications. [Updated 2023 Jun 5]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519489/Got a question for the next podcast? Let me know! Connect With Me FREE GUIDES: evidence-based, not diet nonsense NEWSLETTER: Life-changing insights straight to your inbox UNSHRINKABLE: Find out why your body is not designed to shrink MASTERCLASSES: All the evidence doctors should give you NO WEIGH PROGRAM: Join the revolution against weight-loss lies THE WEIGHTING ROOM: A community where authenticity thrives and every voice matters CONSULTATION: For the ultimate transformation in your healthcare journe Find me on Instagram, YouTube, and LinkedIn.

In this episode of 'Science of Slink,' hosted by Dr. Rosy Boa, the focus is on the details of dancing in pole heels, a theme for June 2025. Dr. Boa outlines essential tips for choosing the right shoes, including the benefits of platforms, the significance of a sturdy stiletto, and the importance of proper shoe fit. She delves into the mechanics of balance, the challenges posed by the additional weight of heels, and strategies to avoid foot cramps. Additionally, Dr. Boa emphasizes the importance of acknowledging the roots of pole dancing in strip clubs and supporting sex workers, highlighting her studio's monthly contributions to various support organizations. Lastly, practical advice is offered on warming up properly to prevent foot cramps and ensuring better performance while dancing in heels.Are you a pole nerd interested in trying out online pole classes with Slink Through Strength? We'd love to have you! Use the code “podcast” for 10% off the Intro Pack and try out all of our unique online pole classes: https://app.acuityscheduling.com/catalog/25a67bd1/?productId=1828315&clearCart=true Chapters:00:00 Introduction and Theme Announcement00:51 Acknowledging the Roots of Pole Dancing01:49 The Mechanics of Dancing in Heels06:16 Choosing the Right Pole Heels12:47 Preventing Foot Cramps and Injuries16:19 Addressing Bunions and Final ThoughtsCitations:More information on the intrinsic muscles of the footCard, R. K., & Bordoni, B. (2023). Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb, Foot Muscles. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing.Despite popular belief there is no strong scientific evidence that shoes or high heels cause bunions.Nix, S. E., Vicenzino, B. T., Collins, N. J., & Smith, M. D. (2012). Characteristics of foot structure and footwear associated with hallux valgus: a systematic review. Osteoarthritis and cartilage, 20(10), 1059-1074.Not even if you dance in shoes (including pointe shoes!).Kennedy, J. G., & Collumbier, J. A. (2008). Bunions in dancers. Clinics in sports medicine, 27(2), 321-328.Bunions seem to be mostly genetic.Coughlin, M. J., & Jones, C. P. (2007). Hallux valgus: demographics, etiology, and radiographic assessment. Foot & ankle international, 28(7), 759-777. Hannan, M. T., Menz, H. B., Jordan, J. M., Cupples, L. A., Cheng, C. H., & Hsu, Y. H. (2013). High heritability of hallux valgus and lesser toe deformities in adult men and women. Arthritis care & research, 65(9), 1515-1521. Piqué-Vidal, C., Solé, M. T., & Antich, J. (2007). Hallux valgus inheritance: pedigree research in 350 patients with bunion deformity. The Journal of foot and ankle surgery, 46(3), 149-154.

Synovial chondromatosis is a benign process that results in the formation of numerous loose bodies within a joint. This can lead to significant functional limitations as well as pain. In this episode, we discuss its pathogenesis, diagnosis and management options. Habusta SF, Mabrouk A, Tuck JA. Synovial Chondromatosis. 2023 Apr 22. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–. PMID: 29262110 Find out More about our Doctors: Dr. Izuchukwu Ibe: www.linkedin.com/in/izuchukwu-ibe-a073537a/ Dr. Elyse Brinkmann: www.linkedin.com/in/elyse-brinkmann/

In this episode of "PICU Doc on Call," pediatric intensivists Dr. Rahul Damania, Dr. Pradip Kamat, and Dr. Monica Gray discuss a critical case involving a 16-year-old male who experienced severe carbon monoxide poisoning after being found unresponsive in a garage. They chat about the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic workup, and management of carbon monoxide toxicity. Furthermore, they cover the importance of early oxygen administration, recognizing potential delayed neurological sequelae, and keeping an eye out for cardiac complications. Tune in and hear more about a comprehensive approach to treatment and the significance of multidisciplinary support for achieving the best patient outcomes.Show Highlights:Case presentation of a 16-year-old male with severe carbon monoxide poisoningPathophysiology of carbon monoxide toxicity and its effects on hemoglobinClinical manifestations and symptoms associated with carbon monoxide poisoningDiagnostic workup for suspected carbon monoxide exposureManagement principles for treating carbon monoxide poisoning in pediatric patientsSources and scenarios leading to carbon monoxide poisoningComplications arising from carbon monoxide exposure including neurological injuriesImportance of early oxygen administration and monitoring in treatmentDiscussion of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and its indicationsKey takeaways for clinicians regarding the management and follow-up of carbon monoxide poisoning casesWe welcome you to share your feedback, subscribe & place a review on our podcast! Please visit our website picudoconcall.org.References:Tapking, C., et al. (2021). Burn and inhalation injury. In J. J. Zimmerman & A. T. Rotta (Eds.), Fuhrman and Zimmerman's Pediatric Critical Care (6th ed., pp. 1347–1362). Elsevier.Nañagas KA, Penfound SJ, Kao LW. Carbon Monoxide Toxicity. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2022 May;40(2):283-312. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2022.01.005. Epub 2022 Apr 5. PMID: 35461624.Smollin C, Olson K. Carbon monoxide poisoning (acute). BMJ Clin Evid. 2010 Oct 12;2010:2103. PMID: 21418677; PMCID: PMC3217756.Palmeri R, Gupta V. Carboxyhemoglobin Toxicity. [Updated 2023 Apr 17]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan.

Send us a textDescription: An immersive reading of A Hymn to God the Father by John Donne with reflection on medical errors and confession. Website:https://anauscultation.wordpress.comWork:A Hymn to God the Father by John DonneWilt thou forgive that sin where I begun,         Which was my sin, though it were done before?Wilt thou forgive that sin, through which I run,         And do run still, though still I do deplore?                When thou hast done, thou hast not done,                        For I have more.Wilt thou forgive that sin which I have won         Others to sin, and made my sin their door?Wilt thou forgive that sin which I did shun         A year or two, but wallow'd in, a score?                When thou hast done, thou hast not done,                        For I have more.I have a sin of fear, that when I have spun         My last thread, I shall perish on the shore;But swear by thyself, that at my death thy Son         Shall shine as he shines now, and heretofore;                And, having done that, thou hast done;                        I fear no more.References:Wu AW. Medical error: the second victim. The doctor who makes the mistake needs help too. BMJ. 2000 Mar 18;320(7237):726-7. doi: 10.1136/bmj.320.7237.726. Finkelstein A, Brezis M, Taub A, Arad D. Disclosure following a medical error: lessons learned from a national initiative of workshops with patients, healthcare teams, and executives. Isr J Health Policy Res. 2024 Mar 11;13(1):13.Rodziewicz TL, Houseman B, Vaqar S, et al. Medical Error Reduction and Prevention. [Updated 2024 Feb 12]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499956/Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Quality of Health Care in America. To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System. Kohn LT, Corrigan JM, Donaldson MS, editors. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2000. PMID: 25077248.

In this episode, I make a brave confession and explore how Terrifier (2016) reflects the psychological phenomenon of imposter syndrome.Mental Health is Horrifying is hosted by Candis Green, Registered Psychotherapist and owner of Many Moons Therapy...............................................................Show Notes:Join Out Of The Broom Closet if you would like to move from shame to pride in claiming your identity as a witch, and confidently step out of the broom closet. This course includes psychoeducation about shame, trauma, and exile within our cultural context, and witch-positive exercises to connect with your authentic self including tarot, journaling, spellwork, and creative visualization. Want to work together? I offer 1:1 psychotherapy (Ontario), along with tarot, horror, and dreamwork services, both individually and through my group program, the Final Girls Club. Podcast artwork by Chloe Hurst at Contempo MintTerrifier 2025 ConferenceHuecker MR, Shreffler J, McKeny PT, Davis D. Imposter Phenomenon. 2023 Jul 31. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–. PMID: 36251839.

In this episode, Dr. Rahul Damania, Dr. Pradip Kamat, and Dr. Monica Gray dive into a critical case involving a five-week-old baby facing acute respiratory failure due to pertussis. They chat about how this condition shows up, how it's diagnosed, and the best ways to manage it, especially considering the serious complications it can cause in infants, like pulmonary hypertension and the potential need for ECMO. The conversation underscores the importance of catching it early and providing supportive care, while also highlighting how crucial vaccination is in preventing pertussis. Tune in to learn how severe this disease can be and why staying alert in pediatric care is so important.Show Highlights:Clinical case of a five-week-old infant with acute respiratory failure and pertussis diagnosisEpidemiology and public health impact of pertussis, including vaccination rates and outbreak patternsPathophysiology of pertussis and its effects on respiratory health, particularly in infantsClinical presentation of pertussis, including stages of the disease and atypical symptoms in infantsDiagnostic approaches for pertussis, including laboratory findings and PCR testingManagement strategies for severe pertussis, including supportive care and antibiotic therapyPotential complications associated with pertussis, especially in young infantsDifferential diagnosis considerations for pertussis and distinguishing features from other infectionsImportance of vaccination in preventing pertussis and reducing morbidity and mortalityECMO as a treatment option for severe cases and its associated challenges, and outcomesWe welcome you to share your feedback, subscribe & place a review on our podcast! Please visit our website picudoconcall.org.References:Fuhrman & Zimmerman - Textbook of Pediatric Critical Care Chapter and Rogers texbook of Pediatric intensive care -both do not have any Pertussis mentioned in their index.Rowlands HE, Goldman AP, Harrington K, Karimova A, Brierley J, Cross N, Skellett S, Peters MJ. Impact of rapid leukodepletion on the outcome of severe clinical pertussis in young infants. Pediatrics. 2010 Oct;126(4):e816-27. doi: 10.1542/peds.2009-2860. Epub 2010 Sep 6. PMID: 20819895.Lauria AM, Zabbo CP. Pertussis. [Updated 2022 Oct 7]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519008/Berger JT, Carcillo JA, Shanley TP, Wessel DL, Clark A, Holubkov R, Meert KL, Newth CJ, Berg RA, Heidemann S, Harrison R, Pollack M, Dalton H, Harvill E, Karanikas A, Liu T, Burr JS, Doctor A, Dean JM, Jenkins TL, Nicholson CE; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network (CPCCRN). Critical pertussis illness in children: a multicenter prospective cohort study. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2013 May;14(4):356-65. doi: 10.1097/PCC.0b013e31828a70fe. PMID: 23548960; PMCID: PMC3885763.Cousin, V.L., Caula, C., Vignot, J. et al. Pertussis infection in critically ill infants: meta-analysis and validation of a mortality score. Crit Care 29, 71 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-025-05300-2Domico M, Ridout D, MacLaren G, Barbaro R, Annich G, Schlapbach LJ, Brown KL. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Pertussis: Predictors of Outcome Including Pulmonary Hypertension and Leukodepletion. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2018 Mar;19(3):254-261. doi:...

Send us a textDescription: An immersive reading of Thoughts by Myra Viola Wilds with reflection on psychotherapy, meditation, cognitive behavioral therapy and vision loss. Website:https://anauscultation.wordpress.comWork: Thoughts by Myra Viola Wilds   In your travels day by dayAre they bright and lofty visions,    Or neglected, gone astray?Matters not how great in fancy,     Or what deeds of skill you've wrought; Man, though high may be his station,     Is no better than his thoughts. Catch your thoughts and hold them tightly,    Let each one an honor be; Purge them, scourge them, burnish brightly,    Then in love set each one free.References:Chand SP, Kuckel DP, Huecker MR. Cognitive Behavior Therapy. [Updated 2023 May 23]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470241/(2025, March 5). Overview - Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). nhs.uk. https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/talking-therapies-medicine-treatments/talking-therapies-and-counselling/cognitive-behavioural-therapy-cbt/overview/ 

In this episode, Melanie talks about a rare congenital condition called medullary sponge disease (MSD) or medullary sponge kidney (MSK) and how people with the disease CAN still prevent kidney stones!  Garfield K, Leslie SW. Medullary Sponge Kidney. [Updated 2023 May 30]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470220/    Submit a question for Melanie to answer on the podcast! Connect with The Kidney Dietitian! Work with Us! |  Instagram | Facebook | Pinterest | Facebook Group | Newsletter www.thekidneydietitian.org All information in this podcast is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used in place of advice from a medical professional.  

In this episode, we explore the critical role nurses play in advancing health equity within the ICU. Jennifer Adamski, president of the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses, shares insights on how nurses can make a difference at the bedside and the challenges they face. We also discuss strategies for empowering nurses and fostering a culture of equity in critical care.This episode is sponsored by Medtronic.Areia C, King E, Ede J, Young L, Tarassenko L, Watkinson P, Vollam S. Experiences of current vital signs monitoring practices and views of wearable monitoring: A qualitative study in patients and nurses. Journal of advanced nursing. 2022 Mar;78(3):810-22Williams EC, Polito V. Meditation in the Workplace: Does Mindfulness Reduce Bias and Increase Organisational Citizenship Behaviours? Front Psychol. 2022 Apr 11;13:747983. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.747983. PMID: 35478759; PMCID: PMC9035788.Lewis CL, Yan A, Williams MY, Apen LV, Crawford CL, Morse L, Valdez AM, Alexander GR, Grant E, Valderama-Wallace C, Beatty D. Health equity: A concept analysis. Nurs Outlook. 2023 Sep-Oct;71(5):102032. doi: 10.1016/j.outlook.2023.102032. Epub 2023 Sep 6. PMID: 37683597.Bhavani SV, Wiley Z, Verhoef PA, Coopersmith CM, Ofotokun I. Racial Differences in Detection of Fever Using Temporal vs Oral Temperature Measurements in Hospitalized Patients. JAMA. 2022;328(9):885–886. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.12290P Malhotra, L Shaw, J Barnett, E Hayter, N Hill, P Stockton. St Helens and Knowsley. P179 Patient safety alert: a prospective study on 100 patients highlighting inaccuracy of pulse oximeter finger probes used on ear lobes. Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Prescot, UK. 10.1136/thorax-2018-212555.336Torp KD, Modi P, Pollard EJ, Simon LV. Pulse Oximetry. 2023 Jul 30. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan–. PMID: 29262014Nitzan M, Romem A, Koppel R. Pulse oximetry: fundamentals and technology update. Med Devices (Auckl). 2014 Jul 8;7:231-9. doi: 10.2147/MDER.S47319. PMID: 25031547; PMCID: PMC4099100Giuliano KK, Bilkovski RN, Beard J, Lamminmäki S. Comparative analysis of signal accuracy of three SpO2 monitors during motion and low perfusion conditions. J Clin Monit Comput. 2023 Dec;37(6):1451-1461. doi: 10.1007/s10877-023-01029-x. Epub 2023 Jun 2. PMID: 37266709; PMCID: PMC10651546Gudelunas MK, Lipnick M, Hendrickson C, et al. Low Perfusion and Missed Diagnosis of Hypoxemia by Pulse Oximetry in Darkly Pigmented Skin: A Prospective Study. Anesth Analg. 2024;138(3):552-561. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000006755

Weight loss medications are a hot topic.  But what are they? Who do they help and how? Join Mindy and Cheryl as they start a conversation about GLP-1 medications.  Mindy gives us her thoughts and client experience as a Registered Dietitian.  Our guest, Erika, shares her story. Listen to hear how these medications helped her on her journey (for reasons you may not have considered) and why she is no longer taking them. Erika‘s inspiring story reminds us that often life is not one size fits Article Mindy references:Collins L, Costello RA. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists. [Updated 2024 Feb 29]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551568/We are so glad you are here. Want to stay in touch?Follow us on social media: Mindy - @strongover40_dietitian Cheryl - @training.with.cheryl Mindy & Cheryl - @mcfitadventures Email us: mcfitadventures@gmail.com Thank you so much for listening to Sweat & Laughter. M & C