A phylum of worms with tubular digestive systems with openings at both ends
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Terrie Porras, ND continues her discussion on parasites in Part 2, focussing on Nematodes and Hookworms. American medicine ignores the impact of parasites on health, yet they have been established to be one of the central causes of the majority of health issues. Remediation for parasites includes both physical cleaning and prevention as well as internal parasite cleanses. Parasites are a persistent threat in our world, therefore prevention and cleansing must become part of a lifestyle. An all natural parasite cleanse is offered on BardsNationHealth.com called WP: Click here. #BardsFM_HealthAndWellness #Parasites #BlessYourFood Bards Nation Health Store: www.bardsnationhealth.com BardsFM CAP, Celebrating 50 Million Downloads: https://ambitiousfaith.net Morning Intro Music Provided by Brian Kahanek: www.briankahanek.com MYPillow promo code: BARDS Go to https://www.mypillow.com/bards and use the promo code BARDS or... Call 1-800-975-2939. White Oak Pastures Grassfed Meats, Get $20 off any order $150 or more. Promo Code BARDS: www.whiteoakpastures.com/BARDS Windblown Media 20% Discount with promo code BARDS: windblownmedia.com Founders Bible 20% discount code: BARDS >>> TheFoundersBible.com Mission Darkness Faraday Bags and RF Shielding. Promo code BARDS: Click here EMPShield protect your vehicles and home. Promo code BARDS: Click here EMF Solutions to keep your home safe: https://www.emfsol.com/?aff=bards Treadlite Broadforks...best garden tool EVER. Promo code BARDS: TreadliteBroadforks.com No Knot Today Natural Skin Products: NoKnotToday.com Health, Nutrition and Detox Consulting: HealthIsLocal.com Destination Real Food Book on Amazon: click here Images In Bloom Soaps and Things: ImagesInBloom.com Angeline Design: AngelineDesign.com DONATE: Click here Mailing Address: Xpedition Cafe, LLC Attn. Scott Kesterson 591 E Central Ave, #740 Sutherlin, OR 97479
Follow us on Instagram! Sign up to our newsletter here. Join our facebook group here or join our Discord here.You can physically send us stuff to PO BOX 7127, Reservoir East, Victoria, 3073.Want to help support the show?Sanspants+ | Shop | TeesWant to get in contact with us?Email | Instagram | Twitter | Website | Facebook Recorded and produced on Wurundjeri land, we respectfully acknowledge the Wurundjeri People of the Kulin Nation, pay our respect to their Elders past and present, and recognise that sovereignty was never ceded. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
After three UK heatwaves so far this summer, our plants and gardens have enjoyed a much-appreciated spell of wet weather. In this edition of DIG IT Peter Brown and Chris Day (for the final time), explore the latest gardening news stories, what's on's and tasks to be getting on with this month.What's on14th – 17th August: Southport Flower Show, Victoria Park, Southport.15th – 17th August: RHS Garden Rosemoor Flower Show, Torrington, Devon.29th – 31st August BBC Gardeners' World Autumn Fair, Audley End House, Essex.If you are out and about this month - don't forget to support the National Garden Scheme, locally or if you are holidaying in the UK, search out one of the many garden treasures.NewsKew Gardens' 175-year-old Palm House will close for five years for major makeover.Sycamore Gap: Daniel Graham and Adam Carruthers jailed for over 4 years for felling of iconic tree.The gardening and lifestyle retail brand sarahraven.com has been acquired by its original founder and creative director, Sarah Raven.Current hosepipe restrictions in the UK.Could selling second-hand gardening products bring in a new demographic to Garden Centres?Eden Project Dundee moves one step closer.Further expansion plans at RHS Wisley.OmVed Gardens builds UK's first food and ecology centre.The buzz about trees: Scientists at Wakehurst harness sound to understand bee abundance.Gertrude Jekyll ® named world's famous rose 2025.‘Coral Gardens' announced as Rose of the Year for 2026.The UK drought dominates RHS enquiries.Wootten's of Wenhaston future threatened due to a lack of water on site.Plant theft crime on the rise.Michael Perry aka Mr Plant Geek becomes the HTA's new ambassador.Dutch urban greening of a bus station pergola using wisteria hailed as a major success.DIG IT Top 5 Ornamental grassesTop seller is Festuca glauca ‘Compact Blue' 2nd Festuca glauca ‘Intense Blue'* 3rd Stipa tenuissima * 4th Carex Prairie Fire, and 5th Festuca ‘Elijah Blue' *RHS AGM.Plants mentioned: Apple cordon tree, Carnations, Bananas (Musa), Blackberries, Bonsai trees, Trachycarpus, Phoenix canariensis, Variegated Monstera, Dahlias, Leeks, French and Runner Beans, Lavender, Tree Ferns, Strawberries, Pinks, Cherries, Rhubarb, Tomatoes, Cucumbers, Melons, Sow Marjoram, Basil, Coriander, Dill, Chives, Seed Potatoes to provide a crop for Christmas. Good varieties to consider include Charlotte, Desiree, Maris Piper and Maris Peer. Horse Chestnut and Lime trees. Take cuttings of Mint, Rosemary, and Sage.Products mentioned: Blagdon Fresh Start Pond (removes Chlorine so makes tap water safe for pond fish, Straw, Barley Straw, Bamboo canes, Plant pots, Peat-Free Seed & Cutting Compost, Perlite, Green Up Enhance Liquid Lawn Feed (it has added seaweed and a turf wetting agent which helps reduce grass stress and improves root growth), Taylors Bulbs, Tomato Feed, Nematodes to treat lawn leatherjackets, lawn edging tool, Vitax Citrus Summer Food and Water Butts.Our thanks to Chiltern Music Therapy for supplying the music. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
06 10 25 Soybean Cyst Nematodes by Ag PhD
In this episode, we review the high-yield topic of Roundworms (Nematodes) from the Microbiology section.Follow Medbullets on social media:Facebook: www.facebook.com/medbulletsInstagram: www.instagram.com/medbulletsofficialTwitter: www.twitter.com/medbullets
In this episode of the Agrovista Amenity Turfhub Podcast, host Josh Thomason sits down with molecular biologist Dr. Deborah Cox to unravel one of the most under-discussed yet significant aspects of sportsturf management: nematodes. Although these microscopic roundworms typically go unnoticed, their influence on turf health is profound some species can enhance soil quality and nutrient cycling, while parasitic varieties can undermine even the most diligently maintained grass surfaces.Together, Josh and Debs explore how to recognize common parasitic nematodes, the differences between endo- and ecto-parasitic types, and the importance of proper soil testing. You'll learn about the typical symptoms of a nematode infestation, practical turf management strategies, and how factors like climate and venue type (stadium vs. golf course) can shape nematode populations.
A new tool for controlling soybean cyst nematode will be available to growers this year. NIMAXXA ™ bionematicide from UPL will help soybean and corn growers protect their valuable seeds from destructive nematodes. NIMAXXA will be the only triple-strain bionematicide on the markets. On this episode of Brownfield's Innovations in Agriculture, Mark Dorenkamp talks with Steve Sopher with crop protection company UPL.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.
University of Idaho researchers are introducing genes from a specific plant into potatoes in an effort to develop spuds that are resistant to harmful nematodes.
Send us a textWelcome to Alternative Dog Moms - a podcast about what's happening in the fresh food community and the pet industry. Kimberly Gauthier is the blogger behind Keep the Tail Wagging, and Erin Scott hosts the Believe in Dog podcast.CHAPTERS: 2:25 Why Chan Developed Oncotect6:00 What are Nematodes?8:45 Types of cancers detected by Oncotect9:37 How early (what stages) can Oncotect detect cancer?10:18 How long did it take to develop Oncotect?11:35 What is the testing process?16:20 Why pet parents would use Oncotect19:27 How accurate is Oncotect?20:34 Oncotect offers peace of mind23:27 Trends discovered by Oncotect test results24:32 Moderate vs. High risk test results25:59 Screening vs. Diagnostic tests27:00 What comes in the screening kit?29:45 How long before results are available?30:53 Do results identify cancer types?31:27 How often should test be repeated?31:54 Is Oncotect just for dogs?33:07 Papers Onctotect plans to publish33:40 Can other health issues impact Oncotect test results?34:35 Dogs vs. Kids chat39:23 Is Oncotect related to the cancer vaccine?41:18 Can Oncotect be used to test for remission or monitoring?ONCOTECT:Learn more about Oncotect: https://tinyurl.com/3ms95wf5OUR BLOG/PODCASTS...Kimberly: Keep the Tail Wagging, KeepTheTailWagging.comErin Scott: Believe in Dog podcast, BelieveInDogPodcast.comFACEBOOK...Keep the Tail Wagging, Facebook.com/KeepTheTailWaggingBelieve in Dog Podcast, Facebook.com/BelieveInDogPodcastINSTAGRAM...Keep the Tail Wagging, Instagram.com/RawFeederLifeBelieve in Dog Podcast, Instagram.com/Erin_The_Dog_MomThanks for listening to our podcast. You can learn more about Erin Scott's first podcast at BelieveInDogPodcast.com. And you can learn more about raw feeding, raising dogs naturally, and Kimberly's dogs at KeepTheTailWagging.com. And don't forget to subscribe to The Alternative Dog Moms.
In this episode we speak with Dean Parwinder Grewal, nine months after his appointment as Dean of the University of Hawaii's College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resilience, where he is already starting to make his mark - like changing what CTAHR stands for! We find out about his agriculture and education backgrounds, and how he found out about and why he accepted the position in Hawaii. We hear his vision for Hawaii's resiliency and how that has shaped, and will shape, his work and that of CTAHR in the future.Brought to you by University of Hawaii College of Tropical Ag. and Human Resources (CTAHR), and the Seeds of Well-being (SOW) Project. This podcast is supported by the Farm and Ranch Stress Assistance Network (FRSAN) grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture and Hawaii Department of Agriculture.Resources:Hawaiʻi College of Tropical AgriculturePunjab Agricultural UniversityHis publications about Nematodes and urban food self-relianceSlides from Hawaii Agricultural Conference 2024 used in presentationOur podcast with Senator Tim Richards Our podcast with Kamehameha Schools History of CTAHRFinding CTAHR locations and resourcesFind out more about us: Seeds Of Wellbeing website Seeds of Wellbeing Resource Hub All the SOW links
Amber and Sabrina discuss the best ways to keep common garden pests and weeds under control. 0:55 Sab's bid to save the Perth Cultural Centre Wetlands. 33:26 Best traps for the worst pests? 41:20 Nematodes; nemesis or not so bad? Listen to the program live on Saturdays at 9:00AM on ABC Radio Perth and ask your questions by calling in on 1300 222 720 or text 0437 922 720Subscribe to the podcast through the ABC Listen App, Apple Podcasts or wherever you like to listen.
The humble potato: is it a vegetable or a grain? Coming from a family that has farmed America's favorite vegetable (yes, we'll refer to the potato as such), Mitchell Searle offers a unique perspective on the cultivation, harvesting, and sustainability of this crop. While Searle expresses concern about what he perceives as the growing chasm between the farm and the consumer, he emphasizes that many of the misconceptions surrounding potato farming are largely unfounded. “Sustainability is my number one focus every day,” says Searle. “Is my workload sustainable? Are my tillage practices sustainable? Is my business structure sustainable to be passed on to the next generation? Everything boils down to sustainability. His family has farmed for over 100 years, so they should know. Listen in as Searle discusses biological vs. chemical practices, how interest groups shape policy, and his very down-to-earth potato consumption preferences. Visit potatoesusa.com for more or connect with Mitchell Searle on LinkedIn.
Many people are becoming selective about what gets injected into their bodies, but don't think twice about having their animals vaccinated. Dr. Ruth Roberts joins me again today to talk about which vaccinations and flea, tick, and heartworm medications are necessary and which are not. She also explains how to incorporate mindfulness into our pet's daily routine. Options for environmental control against ticks and fleas: Nematodes that eat the eggs and larvae Borax or diatomaceous earth Growth regulators that prevent fleas from forming a protective layer Capstar tablets Insect growth regulators to be given orally (Lufenuron) Amber collars 0BugZone electromagnetic collars About Dr. Roberts: Dr. Ruth Roberts has supported thousands of dogs and cats to overcome health hurdles like kidney disease, GI Illness, allergies, and cancer. Her natural approach to healing creates a gentle yet effective path for your pet to take on their journey to well-being. Dr. Ruth created The Original CrockPet Diet, a balanced home-cooked diet for pets, as the foundation of health. Dr. Ruth will help you to develop a health plan for your pet via e-learning, videos on a range of health topics, and One on One coaching. In this episode: How long the duration of immunity is for pets, and what that means. (30:56) What distemper and parvo are. (32:34) What happens when a person or a pet gets rabies. (35:37) How to dose a pet with Thuja. (37:00) What a titer is and what it tests for. (38:14) Should we back off with vaccines for low-risk animals or non-responders? (40:56) Why a kennel cough vaccination may be necessary. (43:20) Whether or not dogs need to be vaccinated against leptospirosis and Lyme disease. (44:45) Alternatives for tick and flea control. (51:20) Options for environmental control of ticks and fleas. (53:28) Heartworm prevention for dogs. (56:37) Incorporating mindfulness into your pet's daily routine. (58:24) Links and resources: Use code MOOD to get 10% off 5HTP LMNT link: https://elementallabs.refr.cc/drgray Use code GLUTATHIONE to get 10% off GLUTATHIONE Dr. Ruth Roberts's website Follow Dr. Ruth Roberts on Instagram/ Twitter/ LinkedIn/ Facebook/ TikTok/ YouTube Free PDF download: When Not to Take Your Pet to the ER Vet Get a 10% discount with CODE DRSTEPHANIEGRAY for The Original CrockPet Diet Follow Your Longevity Blueprint on Instagram | Facebook | Twitter | YouTube | LinkedIn Get your copy of the Your Longevity Blueprint book and claim your bonuses here Find Dr. Stephanie Gray and Your Longevity Blueprint online Follow Dr. Stephanie Gray on Facebook | Instagram | Youtube | Twitter | LinkedIn Integrative Health and Hormone Clinic Podcast production by Team Podcast
Send us a textWelcome to another episode of The Cutflower Podcast! I'm your host, Roz Chandler, and today we're diving deep into all things garden pests. I'm joined by the brilliant Tessa from Ladybird Plant Care, who's here to share some amazing tips on how to manage pests organically. From slugs to aphids, we're covering it all, so if you've had any garden woes this year, you won't want to miss this episode!Episode Summary:In this episode, Tessa from Ladybird Plant Care walks us through the challenges and solutions for common garden pests, with a particular focus on organic methods. We chat about the importance of tackling pests like slugs and aphids at the right time of year, and why natural biological control is becoming more popular. Tessa also shares why using nematodes in the autumn is key to reducing slug problems in the spring, and we explore the fascinating world of parasitic wasps for aphid control. If you've ever wondered how to keep pests at bay without resorting to harmful chemicals, this episode is packed with practical advice to help your garden thrive.Key Takeaways:Slug Control with Nematodes: Now is the perfect time to apply nematodes to prevent next year's slug infestation. Tessa explains why autumn treatments are essential.Organic Pest Management: Biological control methods like using parasitic wasps for aphids are natural, effective, and environmentally friendly.Patience is Key: With biological controls, it's important to be patient and allow nature to take its course. These solutions take time but yield great results.Deep Cleaning for Pest Prevention: Clean your greenhouses and tools thoroughly at the end of the season to remove overwintering pests and prevent future infestations.Think Like a Bug: When preparing your garden for winter, consider where pests might hide, like under pots or in cracks, and take steps to eliminate their cosy spots.Action Step:Take a good look at your garden as we head into the colder months. Apply nematodes now to reduce slug populations, and give your greenhouse a deep clean to avoid overwintering pests. If you've had pest issues this year, start planning your biological controls for next year!Here are Tessa's contact details for any questions or pest identification help:You can reach her via email at plantcare@ladybirdplantcare.co.uk Visit Https://audioandco.com for all your audiobook, video and podcast needs. https://fieldgateflowers.kartra.com/page/newsletters Flower Farmers Retreat 2024 (21 &22 September): https://fieldgateflowers.kartra.com/page/businessretreat2024 2024 Farm Day at Field Gate Farm (10 August): https://fieldgateflowers.kartra.com/page/farmvisit A Cut Above Waitlist: https://fieldgateflowers.kartra.com/page/ACutAboveWaitlist The Growth Club: https://fieldgateflowers.kartra.com/page/thegrowthclub Lots of free resources on our website: https://thecutflowercollective.co.uk/cut-flower-resources/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/fieldgateflowers Facebook Group 'Cut Flower Farming - Growth and Profit in your business' https://www.facebook.com/groups/449543639411874 Facebook Group 'The Cut Flower Collection' https://www.facebook.com/groups/cutflowercollection
Imagine a world where giant, bus-sized nematodes roam the streets, carrying diseases from city to city! In this mind-bending episode, we explore the consequences of scaling up microscopic worms to Dune-like proportions. How would humanity adapt to these massive, translucent creatures? We dive into the science of nematodes, discuss potential worm-washing stations, and even contemplate the philosophy of these 302-neuron behemoths. From worm cowboys to hamster-ball daredevils, this episode will change how you think about the hidden world beneath our feet. --- Find out more about Gaby's science fiction short story! Here are the links for the anthology. The physical copy can be ordered here : https://www.neonhemlock.com/books/luminescent-machinations-queer-tales-of-monumental-invention The ebook can be ordered here: https://www.neonhemlock.com/ebooks/luminescent-machinations-queer-tales-of-monumental-invention
In the latest episode of the Veg Grower Podcast, host Richard delves into a variety of gardening topics, sharing his personal experiences and experiments from his allotment and vegetable garden. This episode is packed with valuable insights on soil health, mulching techniques, pest control, and even includes a delicious recipe segment and a book review. Let's break down each topic in detail to provide actionable advice and thorough explanations for fellow gardening enthusiasts. Soil Health Experiment: The Underwear Test Understanding Soil Health Richard's innovative soil health experiment involved burying a pair of cotton underwear in his garden beds. This method, while unconventional, is a practical way to gauge the biological activity in the soil. After a few weeks, he unearthed the underwear to find that approximately 75% of it had decomposed. This significant level of decomposition indicates a healthy soil ecosystem rich in microorganisms and organic matter. Key Takeaways: Microbial Activity: The decomposition of the underwear suggests a high level of microbial activity, which is crucial for breaking down organic matter and releasing nutrients into the soil. Organic Gardening Practices: Richard attributes the positive results to years of adding compost and avoiding pesticides and chemicals, which support a thriving soil ecosystem. Actionable Advice: Conduct Your Own Test: Try burying a piece of cotton fabric in your garden to assess soil health. Check it after a few weeks to see the level of decomposition. Enhance Soil Health: Regularly add organic matter such as compost, leaf mould, and well-rotted manure to your soil. Avoid using chemical fertilizers and pesticides that can harm beneficial microorganisms. Mulching Techniques: Pros and Cons Exploring Different Mulch Types Richard experimented with various mulching techniques throughout the growing season, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. 1. Straw Mulch Pros: Excellent for retaining moisture and suppressing weeds. Cons: Increased slug and snail activity, especially in wet weather. 2. Grass Clippings Pros: Free resource from mowing the lawn, helps retain moisture. Cons: Not as effective as straw for weed suppression, may require additional watering. 3. Homemade Compost Pros: Reduces watering needs, provides nutrients to plants. Cons: Contains weed seeds, leading to some weed growth. 4. Heart of Eden Mulch Pros: Significantly reduces watering needs. Cons: Less effective in weed suppression, with bindweed and brambles still growing through. 5. Rocket Grow Mulch Pros: Most effective for weed suppression, helps retain moisture. Cons: None mentioned, highly appreciated for its performance. Key Takeaways: Straw: Best for water retention. Rocket Grow Mulch: Best for weed suppression. Actionable Advice: Choose the Right Mulch: Select mulch based on your specific garden needs. For moisture retention, straw is ideal, while for weed suppression, Rocket Grow mulch is highly effective. Monitor and Adjust: Keep an eye on how different mulches perform in your garden and be ready to adjust your approach based on weather conditions and pest activity. Nematodes for Pest Control: A Natural Solution Battling Compost Flies Richard faced a nuisance with compost flies in his kitchen and turned to nematodes as a natural pest control method. Nematodes are microscopic worms that can target and control pest populations effectively. Key Takeaways: Effectiveness: Richard reported a significant reduction in both compost flies and larvae after applying nematodes. Sustainability: Using nematodes aligns with sustainable gardening practices by reducing the need for chemical pesticides. Actionable Advice: Apply Nematodes: Purchase nematodes specific to the pests you're dealing with and follow the application instructions carefully.
This week on AgweekTV, a look at vice presidential candidate Tim Walz's farm policy. We take you to the grand opening of North Dakota's second dedicated soybean crush plant. We'll have important information for soybean growers about soybean cyst nematodes. And we'll take you to central South Dakota for a look at this year's sunflower crop.
In this encore presentation of Down the Garden Path, landscape designers Joanne Shaw and Matthew Dressing discuss applying nematodes, the primary method homeowners in Canada use to control pests such as grubs on our lawns. It's been a heavy Japanese beetle season in the Greater Toronto Area, with a lot of damage done to the foliage of our trees and shrubs. As the hot days of summer come to an end, so will they! However, where there are Japanese beetles, there are white grubs. And right now, those white grubs are beginning to hatch and eat our lawns, growing and becoming next summer's Japanese beetles. So, what can we do? This is where applying nematodes comes in. Nematodes are microscopic, colourless worms that travel through water in the ground to attack and kill grubs and other pests. If you want them to work, you have to water your lawn well. They don't bother humans, pets, or plants but will attack various soil-borne pests instead. When nematodes find a host they want to eat, they work their way inside them, consuming their host using powerful bacteria. A single nematode can kill a pest in 24-48 hours, making them a quick and efficient solution to infestations. We discuss what nematodes are, how they work and the best practices for applying them. If you've been seeing the effects of Japanese beetles in your garden this summer, you won't want to miss this podcast. We offer lots of great tips to help your garden and lawn thrive into the fall and prepare it for success in the spring. Where to find us: Find Down the Garden Path on Instagram, Facebook, and YouTube: @downthegardenpathpodcast. You can also email your questions and comments to downthegardenpathpodcast@hotmail.com, or connect with Joanne and Matthew via their websites: Joanne Shaw: down2earth.ca Matthew Dressing: naturalaffinity.ca Other helpful resources: Applying Nematodes (blog post) Seasonal Stressors August in the Garden Down the Garden Path Podcast On Down The Garden Path, professional landscape designer Joanne Shaw discusses down-to-earth tips and advice for your plants, gardens and landscapes. As the owner of Down2Earth Landscape Design, Joanne Shaw has been designing beautiful gardens for homeowners east of Toronto for over a decade. She does her best to bring you interesting, relevant and useful topics to help you keep your garden as low maintenance as possible. In Down the Garden Path: A Step-By-Step Guide to Your Ontario Garden, Joanne and fellow landscape designer Matthew Dressing distill their horticultural and design expertise and their combined experiences in helping others create and maintain thriving gardens into one easy-to-read monthly reference guide. Get your copy today on Amazon. Don't forget to check out Down the Garden Path on your favourite podcast app and subscribe! You can now catch the podcast on YouTube.
From the Crop Doctors' Podcast studio in Stoneville, Jason and Tom discuss root knot nematode in the major row crops in Mississippi. They talk about diagnosing problems in the field, what root knot nematode may be confused with, and management strategies to try to stay ahead of the problem. This episode and more are available on our website: http://extension.msstate.edu/shows/mississippi-crop-situation
Skip answers your calls!
CoROM cast. Wilderness, Austere, Remote and Resource-limited Medicine.
This week, Aebhric O'Kelly talks with Jason Jarvis about the operational importance of helminths. Takeaways Tropical medicine focuses on helping people in tropical areas with high rates of parasitic worms and tropical diseases. Parasitic worms are classified into species, including Annelida, Nematodes, and Platyhelminths. Worm infestations are more common in developing countries and rural areas. Diagnosing and treating worm infestations are crucial, especially in remote and austere environments. Various worms, such as pinworms, filariasis, schistosomiasis, and tapeworms, can cause significant health problems. Prevention measures, such as avoiding contaminated food and water, are essential in reducing the risk of worm infestations. Ask patients about their travel history and potential exposure to parasitic worms Different species of trematodes have other risk factors and manifestations Diseases and non-battle injuries (DNBI) can have a significant impact in military settings Climate change is contributing to the spread of tropical diseases in new areas Chapters 00:00 Introduction and Background 02:24 Classification of Parasitic Worms 07:53 Prevalence of Worm Infections 24:39 Prevention and Conclusion 34:50 The Importance of Travel History 37:23 The Role of Recent Travel in Diagnosis 45:57 Diseases and Non-Battle Injuries (DNBI) in Military Settings 49:38 Climate Change and the Spread of Tropical Diseases Sound Bites "I enjoy having a microscope and little friends to look at." "Approximately four billion people in the world are infected with one type of helminth or another." "Many of these roundworms and helminths cause problems we'll see as medics." "We've got five species of trematodes, five different species of schistosomes that are clinically important to us in human medicine." "When doing a clinical workup, it's important that we ask our patients where they have been?" "The sample is great and universal, but that R is vastly important for recent travel."
Kerry Siders and Ken Lege discuss potential issues for early cotton with nematodes, insects, and disease issues to be looking for in cotton fields. Great information as we join North Region Extension agents who are learning from these experts.
Send us a Text Message.If you've been following our Instagram this week, you might have noticed our battle with aphids. So, I thought it would be helpful to share some more details of biological control in gardening.Biological control involves the use of natural enemies to tackle garden pests. From introducing predators to employing pathogenic nematodes, we explore how these methods offer effective and eco-friendly pest management solutions.Key Takeaways:Benefits of Biological Control: Unlike chemical pesticides, biological controls leave no residues and cause no harm to plants. Once established, natural enemies can multiply and reduce pest populations to acceptable levels.Understanding Predators:Predatory and parasitoid biological controls, though not providing instant results, offer long-term solutions. Timing is crucial, as introducing them before heavy infestation ensures effectiveness.Seasonal Considerations: Glasshouse predators and parasites thrive in warm conditions, with ideal breeding temperatures between late March and September. Reintroduction may be necessary annually.Compatibility with Pesticides: Predators and parasites are sensitive to pesticides, necessitating their avoidance for several weeks before introducing biological controls. Fatty acid-based pesticides can be used with caution closer to introduction.Common Garden Pests and Solutions: Aphids, thrips, vine weevils, slugs, and red spider mites are prevalent nuisances. We explore natural remedies such as ladybirds, lacewings, predatory mites, and nematodes to combat these pests effectively.Practical Tips: Daily monitoring, manual removal of infested leaves, and encouraging natural predators like birds contribute to pest management efforts.To explore further, visit Ladybird Plant Care - www.ladybirdplantcare.co.uk, where Tessa can assist you in selecting the right biological controls for your garden.Embrace sustainable gardening practices with biological control methods, ensuring a thriving garden ecosystem without harmful chemicals. Flower Farmers Retreat 2024 (21 &22 September): https://fieldgateflowers.kartra.com/page/businessretreat2024 2024 Farm Day at Field Gate Farm (10 August): https://fieldgateflowers.kartra.com/page/farmvisit A Cut Above Waitlist: https://fieldgateflowers.kartra.com/page/ACutAboveWaitlist The Growth Club: https://fieldgateflowers.kartra.com/page/thegrowthclub Lots of free resources on our website: https://thecutflowercollective.co.uk/cut-flower-resources/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/fieldgateflowers Facebook Group 'Cut Flower Farming - Growth and Profit in your business' https://www.facebook.com/groups/449543639411874 Facebook Group 'The Cut Flower Collection' https://www.facebook.com/groups/cutflowercollection
My guest this week is June Graesch from Bioworks. Julie has 18 years of experience as a biological scientist, practiced in laboratory, greenhouse, and field research as well as technical service support for the integrated pest management industry. She has been with BioWorks for 5 years and has previously held positions at BASF, Becker Underwood, and Iowa State University. Now on to the show!
At-Home Early Cancer Detection Test Hits the Market Chan Namgong, founder of Oncotect, joins host Laura Reeves for a very personal discussion of the value of early cancer detection for our dogs. Namgong launched his company in 2019 in the aftermath of his mother's cancer diagnosis. He already knew that dogs can detect human cancer by scent. But then he learned about a group of scientists that discovered that small nematodes can detect cancerous metabolites in urine in human medicine. “What's amazing about these small nematodes is that they have very high sense of smell,” Namgong said. “They have more olfactory receptors than dogs, despite their small size. So what we have done is we've developed a platform where we are using (nematodes) to detect cancerous metabolites in dogs' urine that contains the cancerous metabolites. “(Nematodes) are small worms, and the scientific name of them is C. elegans. And C. elegans is actually, you know, if you are a scientist or biologist, it's a model organism. It's widely used in different disciplines of science. In pharmacology, chemistry, biology, you know, cancer cells, stem cell research, environmental study, because we know everything about these worms. In fact, C. elegans was the very first multi-cell organism that was ever DNA sequenced. And the way we utilize them is we can actually measure the intensity of the olfactory neuron in their head. “We can categorize pets as low, moderate or high risk of cancer. Oncotect is a screening test, not a diagnostic test. So, this is meant to be proactive and preventive measure. And then if there's any risk, moderate or high risk, we'll bring you back to your veterinarian for further consultation, diagnostic tests such as x -rays or ultrasound to really confirm or deny a cancer suspicion or to identify the type and location. “Prevention of cancer is almost impossible because we don't know what's really truly causing cancer. But your best strategy is find it early and treat it quickly. Diagnosing a cancer is like a putting a puzzle together. You've got to bring different pieces of information to really look at a big picture. “We have primarily focused on the four most common treatable canine cancers. They are lymphoma, melanoma, hemangiosarcoma and mast cell tumors. And the reason why we focus on those four is because just due to the limited resources that we have. “We've tested over 700 dogs in the last year or so. And among those 700 dogs, we have detected TCC, bladder, prostate, liver, soft tissue. So we've detected other cancer types, but the reason why we are not making claims for them is because we haven't run a large enough sample size to publish any scientific paper on them, which we plan to do this year.”
Welcome to Alternative Dog Moms - a podcast about what's happening in the fresh food community and the pet industry. Kimberly Gauthier is the blogger behind Keep the Tail Wagging, and Erin Scott hosts the Believe in Dog podcast.CHAPTERS: 2:25 Why Chan Developed Oncotect6:00 What are Nematodes?8:45 Types of cancers detected by Oncotect9:37 How early (what stages) can Oncotect detect cancer?10:18 How long did it take to develop Oncotect?11:35 What is the testing process?16:20 Why pet parents would use Oncotect19:27 How accurate is Oncotect?20:34 Oncotect offers peace of mind23:27 Trends discovered by Oncotect test results24:32 Moderate vs. High risk test results25:59 Screening vs. Diagnostic tests27:00 What comes in the screening kit?29:45 How long before results are available?30:53 Do results identify cancer types?31:27 How often should test be repeated?31:54 Is Oncotect just for dogs?33:07 Papers Onctotect plans to publish33:40 Can other health issues impact Oncotect test results?34:35 Dogs vs. Kids chat39:23 Is Oncotect related to the cancer vaccine?41:18 Can Oncotect be used to test for remission or monitoring?ONCOTECT:Learn more about Oncotect: https://oncotect.coOUR BLOG/PODCASTS...Kimberly: Keep the Tail Wagging, KeepTheTailWagging.comErin Scott: Believe in Dog podcast, BelieveInDogPodcast.comFACEBOOK...Keep the Tail Wagging, Facebook.com/KeepTheTailWaggingBelieve in Dog Podcast, Facebook.com/BelieveInDogPodcastINSTAGRAM...Keep the Tail Wagging, Instagram.com/RawFeederLifeBelieve in Dog Podcast, Instagram.com/Erin_The_Dog_MomThanks for listening to our podcast. You can learn more about Erin Scott's first podcast at BelieveInDogPodcast.com. And you can learn more about raw feeding, raising dogs naturally, and Kimberly's dogs at KeepTheTailWagging.com. And don't forget to subscribe to The Alternative Dog Moms.
The final Summer Series for the year, Chris talks Physics vs evolution, Claire talks about pathogens defrosting in long frozen ice and Stu discovers nematodes lurking everywhere, and some that can jump!
This week on Terra Informa, we revisit a beloved episode from our archives that originally aired on March 18, 2019. This episode's format is a round-table discussion, in which the each member of the team brought something different to the table- something related to The Unseen Environment. Mysterious. Charlotte Thomasson and Amanda Rooney brought together a handful of Terra Informer's for a discussion about mysterious natural events, Nematodes, paleoburrows, and so much more.Additionally, Ben Hollihan talks about a news story for this week: how grocery stores are struggling to adapt to COVID-19. Program Log. ★ Support this podcast ★
An independent review has told Natural England it needs to completely change the way it engages with farmers on Dartmoor. It also says more cattle are needed for "conservation grazing" to help tackle the spread of purple moor grass and sheep farmers have been warned they'll need to demonstrate they can control their flocks and not let them overgraze areas of heather and dwarf shrubs. A Scottish nature reserve is training members of the local community to stalk deer at Creag Meagaidh in the Highlands. NatureScot says community models of deer management are common in many European countries, but this is the first time it has been tried on publicly owned land in Scotland.Applications are now open for a new £4 million Smaller Abattoir Fund. The fund is to enable abattoirs in England to improve productivity, enhance animal health and welfare, and will allow farmers to add value to their meat and encourage innovation. Abattoirs will be able to apply for funding of up to £60,000. The Rare Breeds Survival Trust welcomed that announcement - they said the network of of small abattoirs had been in sustained serious decline, and the fund offered a lifeline. All this week we've been looking at the future for rare breeds, among them North Ronaldsay sheep from the Orkney Islands and the endangered Welsh Pig.The forestry industry is using drones to drop microscopic worms or nematodes onto trees, to control pests. Foresters say it helps them reach areas that machinery can't.A virtual world is being used to get children interested in conservation. The Crown Estate has teamed up with Microsoft to create a version of the very popular world-building game Minecraft, based on Windsor Great Park. Presenter = Charlotte Smith Producer = Rebecca Rooney
Next year could see drones being used for the first time to drop microscopic worms on trees, to protect them from harmful insects. The worms, or nematodes, are natural predators of damaging insects and the forest industry is developing ways of controlling pests as pesticides it currently relies on are phased out.Another outbreak of Bluetongue has been recorded in Norfolk making a total of 11 cases in England. Stock on six different premises, in Kent and Norfolk have been affected. There are restrictions on moving animals in the protection zones and farmers say its difficult to find abattoirs to process their animals within those zones. We speak to a beef farmer who remembers a big outbreak which affected farms across Europe in 2007.All week we're looking at rare breeds. The North Ronaldsay are one of the UK's oldest and rarest breeds of sheep. They're shaggy and small and can often be found grazing on seaweed along the coast of the northernmost of the Orkney Islands, which they're named after. But more recently farmers on the UK mainland have taken to keeping the breed which is listed as a priority by the Rare Breeds Survival Trust.Presenter = Anna Hill Producer =Rebecca Rooney
11 27 23 Managing Soybean Cyst Nematodes by Ag PhD
Today we take a look at two extremes of vexing garden problems around the world: the tiny, tiny nematodes that attach to plant roots, sucking the life out of them…and one you don't need a microscope to see: deer. They both love your garden. At least with nematodes there are a few resistant plants. But when it comes to deer resistant plants, well, good luck. It depends how hungry those deer are. So how do you control root know nematodes, and marauding deer? America's Favorite Retired College Horticultural Professor, Debbie Flower is here, and we have tips.We're podcasting from Barking Dog Studios here in the beautiful Abutilon Jungle in Suburban Purgatory, it's the Garden Basics with Farmer Fred podcast, brought to you today by Smart Pots and Dave Wilson Nursery. Let's go!Previous episodes, show notes, links, product information, and TRANSCRIPTS at the home site for Garden Basics with Farmer Fred, GardenBasics.net. Transcripts and episode chapters also available at BuzzsproutPictured: Deer in the gardenHelp Keep This Podcast Going by Supporting Our Sponsors!Smart Pots https://smartpots.com/fred/ Dave Wilson Nursery https://www.davewilson.com/home-garden/Topic Links:Flashback Episode of the Week: #144 Using Wood Ash in the GardenNematode Control (UCANR)Soil Solarization (UCANR)Monterey Nematode Control"Deer in My Garden" Vols. 1 &2, by Carolyn Singer (plants that may be unpalatable to deer) "Effective Deer Fences" University of Vermont "Animal Fencing" University of Georgia "Deer/Elk Fences" Oregon Fish & Wildlife "How to Build a Plastic Mesh Deer Exclusion Fence" Purdue University Options for Deer Fencing University of Kentucky Deer Fencing Choices at Amazon Deer Repellents at AmazonAll About Farmer Fred: The GardenBasics.net websiteFarmer Fred website: http://farmerfred.comThe Farmer Fred Rant! Blog http://farmerfredrant.blogspot.comFacebook: "Get Growing with Farmer Fred" Instagram/Threads: farmerfredhoffman https://www.instagram.com/farmerfredhoffman/Farmer Fred Garden Minute Videos on YouTube As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases from possible links mentioned here.Got a garden question? • Leave an audio question without making a phone call via Speakpipe, at https://www.speakpipe.com/gardenbasics• Call or text us the question: 916-292-8964. • Fill out the contact box at GardenBasics.net• E-mail: fred@farmerfred.comThank you for listening, subscribing and commenting on the Garden Basics with Farmer Fred podcast and the Beyond the Garden Basics Newsletter
Squiz Kids is an award-winning, free daily news podcast just for kids. Give us ten minutes, and we'll give you the world. A short podcast that gives kids the lowdown on the big news stories of the day, delivered without opinion, and with positivity and humour. ‘Kid-friendly news that keeps them up to date without all the nasties' (A Squiz Parent) This Australian podcast for kids easily fits into the daily routine - helping curious kids stay informed about the world around them. Fun. Free. Fresh. LINKS The most important animal you've never seen - Nematodes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vBWzrlCBhCM Australia's favourite animal sounds: https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2023-07-31/australia-favourite-animal-sounds/102577008 Pawgust - supporting Guide Dogs in Australia and New Zealand https://www.pawgust.com.au/ Squiz Kids LIVE! Buy tickets to our Canberra show here: https://moshtix.com.au/v2/event/squiz-kids-live/154887 Squiz Kids Book Club: https://www.squizkids.com.au/book_club/ Newshounds Get started on our free media literacy resource for classrooms https://www.squizkids.com.au/about-newshounds/ Classroom Companion: Teachers! Want to access free, curriculum-aligned classroom resources tied to the daily podcast? Sign up to be a Squiz Kids Classroom and download the Classroom Companion each day. Made by teachers for teachers, differentiated to suit all primary school ability levels. And did we mention it's free? Stay up to date with us on our Squiz Kids Instagram! Got a birthday coming up and you want a shout-out? Complete the form on our Squiz Kids website. Link: SHOUT OUTS or / send us an email at squizkids@thesquiz.com.au
Some of the smallest organisms have one of the largest scientific following. Hosts of the Ohio Ag Net Podcast, Matt Reese, Dusty Sonnenberg, and Joel Penhorwood discuss nematode impact on crops and forests. The Society of Nematology recently met in Columbus to discuss everything from seed treatment to soybean impact and nematode role in our landscapes. Dr. Joe Boggs from The Ohio State University is the podcast guest to discuss poison hemlock, the dangers of wild parsnip, and economic impact of the Box Tree Moth. Dr. George Bird from Michigan State joins the conversation to discuss his leadership in the Soybean Cyst Nematode Coalition and his 40-year career in the field. From Auburn University, Dr. Kathy Lawrence talks with Dusty about the many growing trials that are benefiting growers and how nematode apply to all specialty crops, especially in the southern United States. From the University of Illinois, Champaign Urbana, Dr. Nathan Schroder, explores the intersection of nematode before the crop is even grown, through the seed treatments. The conversation will explore the advanced microscopic tools being used in the lab that are impacting farmers in the field. 0:00 – Intro and opening discussion 5:27 –George Bird on Soybean Nematode 9:51 –Plant Pathology with Kathy Lawrence 11:51 –Technology with Nathan Schroeder 15:45 – Joe Boggs on Poison Hemlock
Monica Hampton, Ph.D, national and international agriculture consultant for TerraNutri, converses with Lana Chehabeddine on the topic of nutrient and weed management techniques. Monica Hampton, Ph.D., brings 20 years of research on agriculture and crop production. She serves on the board of trustees at the Compost Research and Education Foundation at the US Compost Council and shares with FOG her extensive knowledge on organic soil health and control techniques that allow for more sustainable and healthy crop production. In this episode, learn about: - Dr. Hampton's background in agriculture and crop production - Crop production issues we are currently facing - Nutrient management techniques for crops - Mechanisms to control for pests, weeds, and nematodes Learn more from Dr. Hampton's book, “Compost Utilization in Production of Horticultural Crops”: https://www.compostingcouncil.org/store/viewproduct.aspx?id=21109188 Checkout additional resources and events below: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Monica-Ozores-Hampton 2023 Florida Composting Council Annual Composting Conference- June 21, 2023 Bonita Springs, FL Today's episode is brought to you by Veransa Group Inc. Veransa's REGEN Florida Organic Compost® is the only certified organic, OMRI Listed®, and STA Approved compost available in industrial scale in SW and Central Florida.Learn more about Veransa at: https://www.veransa.com/We hope you enjoyed the episode! Please help us continue to produce more valuable content by subscribing to our Fresh Take Podcast Series! Subscribe here SPONSORSHIP OPPORTUNITY- Learn more about the many benefits of becoming a Sponsor of Florida Organic Growers! Your contribution will not only help to advance an organic and sustainable future but gain brand awareness through our growing audience. If you are interested, click here Support the showWe hope you enjoyed the episode! Please help us continue to produce more valuable content by subscribing to our Fresh Take Podcast Series! Subscribe here SPONSORSHIP OPPORTUNITY- Learn more about the many benefits of becoming a Sponsor of Florida Organic Growers! Your contribution will not only help to advance an organic and sustainable future but gain brand awareness through our growing audience. If you are interested, click here
In this episode Ed interviews Dr. Greg Tylka of Iowa State University and Dr. Dylan Mangel of University Nebraska Lincoln. They discuss Soybean Cyst Nematode (SCN), the research and programming being used to combat this pest in Iowa and Nebraska. Additional Resources https://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/disandpath/nematode/pdlessons/Pages/Soybeancystnematode.aspx https://cropprotectionnetwork.org/publications/an-overview-of-soybean-cyst-nematode https://faculty.sites.iastate.edu/gltylka/iowa-state-university-scn-resistant-soybean-variety-trials https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2021/scn-survey-update-and-10th-annual-tode-awards https://cropwatch.unl.edu/plantdisease/soybean/soybean-cyst-nematode https://scn.plantpath.iastate.edu/ How to cite the podcast: Zaworski, E. (Host), Tylka, G. and Mangel, D.(Interviewee). S2:E16 (Podcast). What is SNIRT and Why is it Bad News for Soybean Growers?: An Overview of Soybean Cyst Nematode. 4/19/23. In I See Dead Plants. Crop Protection Network.
Christine Sprunger is a soil scientist and head of the Soil Health and Ecosystem Ecology Lab at Michigan State University. With a deep-rooted passion for soil science, Christine's research doesn't shy away from the complexity of soil health and what it means for both the researcher and the farmer. Soil health is a laborious concept that requires a deep understanding of the ecosystem's overall functioning. To accurately assess soil health, it's crucial to identify relevant indicators that connect ecological processes with the practical management decisions farmers make. Some of Christine's research has revolved around nematodes. Nematodes, as microscopic worm-like organisms, play a critical role in soil ecosystems by feeding on bacteria, fungi, plant roots, and each other! These diverse feeding groups can serve as vital soil health indicators, allowing researchers and farmers to measure the ecological functioning and productivity of their agroecosystems. In addition to nematodes, she has researched the perenniality of roots, especially deep-rooted perennial legumes, and how they can be a crucial component of soil health as they contribute significantly to not only soil carbon sequestration processes, but also nitrogen storage capacity. Ultimately, soil health should be measured from various angles, prioritizing individual management goals and local contexts. Christine highlights the necessity of choosing suitable soil health indicators to link the scientific understanding of ecological function and practical farming approaches. She emphasizes that effective communication between researchers and farmers plays a vital role in selecting appropriate soil health indicators. By continuously collaborating and integrating farmers' concerns, researchers can ensure that these indicators address the desired outcomes and cater to farmers' specific needs. Mentioned in this episode… Reach out to Christine Sprunger's lab at Michigan State University if you are a farmer interested in collaborating on upcoming projects and receiving a free soil health assessment! Learn more about nematodes, their role in soil health, and how to identify them through research and resources provided by the Soil Health and Ecosystem Ecology Lab at Michigan State University. Consider signing up for Real Organic Project Certification to differentiate your farm from mass-marketed corporate organic practices. Visit realorganicproject.org/notill to apply. Browse Johnny's Selected Seeds online for a variety of seeds, tools, and free educational resources. Visit Johnnyseeds.com to explore their offerings. Check out Rimol Greenhouses for your next quality greenhouse or high-tunnel. There are several style and options to choose from, check out rimolgreenhouses.com There's no substitute for a high-quality seed starting mix. Get Sprout—a living-soil, compost-based, seed-starting soil mix—for you farm or garden at tilthsoil.com Get tickets for the Rough Draft Farmstead No-Till Farm Tour for April 25th or May 9th! "Long term implementation of regenerative practices is actually shifting the nematode community, contributing to greater overall ecosystem services like carbon accumulation and nitrogen retention... Understanding the linkages between nematode communities and various soil health indicators is crucial in realizing the actual soil health outcome and overall benefit to the farmer." - Christine Sprunger Folks who make the show possible... As always, our work is powered by the folks who support us every month over at patreon.com/notillgrowers, you can pick up a copy of The Living Soil Handbook if you don't have one already, as well as a No-Till Growers hat, check out the No-Till Growers YouTube channel where we're posting weekly videos, and you can ask you questions or share your insights into ecological market gardening on our brand new forum at notillgrowers.community.chat
Your Natural Dog with Angela Ardolino - Formerly It's A Dog's Life
We all want to protect our pets from fleas, but conventional treatments can end up doing more harm than good, to both our pets and our environment. Beneficial nematodes for fleas may be nature's answer to flea prevention for dogs, natural flea protection for pets, without causing harm. In this episode of Your Natural Dog with Angela Ardolino, we're joined by Katya Forsyth, who launched Flea Destroyer, natural flea protection made up of millions of microscopic organisms, beneficial nematodes, that actually penetrate the body of juvenile fleas living in the soil, naturally protecting your yard and your pets. Episode Recap: Why do fleas keep coming back? Conventional flea treatments What are beneficial nematodes? Why beneficial nematodes for flea prevention? Dangers of pesticides for our environment How to use Flea Destroyer in your yard Dangers of chemicals and pesticides for our dogs and cats Use code RADIO for 15% off your first order at https://cbddoghealth.com/Use code MYCO10 for 10% off your order of https://mycodog.com/Episode Resources: Flea Destroyer Website Follow Flea Destroyer on Instagram, Facebook and LinkedIn Have a question about your pet that you want answered on the podcast? Email us at Carter@yournaturaldog.com Angela Ardolino CBD Dog Health Note: Like all discount codes, they don't last furever!Follow Your Natural Dog on Facebook and Instagram and if you want to see what Angie (our founder) is up to, follow her on Facebook
The Girly Homesteader Podcast: NOT the Typical Homestead Show (Gardening/Seasonal Living/Chickens)
Today's episode is all about the pest control tactics I will be using this year to control flea beetles, cabbage moths, army worms, slugs and snails. I mention a few products I'm using, here's the links to those: Safer Brand Slug Bait Beneficial Nematodes Ryobi Backpack Sprayer Bacillus Thuringiensis (BT Spray) I go in depth into the application method I used with my beneficial nematodes and I am happy to report that the process was super easy and it seems to have already made a big difference. Follow me on Instagram! Save 25% off your first order of Grubbly Farms with the code GIRLYHOMESTEADER
What a sad state of affairs. Some families don't want to buy eggs at sky-high prices… so they're painting potatoes for Easter. At the national potato marketing organization… they usually post about potato retail sales… and offer spellbinding podcasts like this Well. These Nematode researchers at Potoes USA saw people painting potatoes on Tik Tok . and they were like whuh. And they immediately jumped on board. Yeah… they say … it's fun. It's family bonding. It's nematode free. In case you're wondering… those are tiny roundworms that can attack potatoes.So… as a money-saving service… let me give you the basics. First and most important… If you're going to paint a potato… You don't want to paint on dirt… PEEL THE POTATO … soak it in water with 2 tablespoons of distilled white vinegar for half an hour. Dry it off… grab a brush and turn a potato into a Picasso. You can also dye potatoes… Don't bother to peel them. Just drop them in the dye like normal easter eggs. Or … you can squirt a drop of food coloring on the potato … and use a paintbrush to swish it around. Add another drop and keep going. If you're not into arts and crafts… the price of plastic eggs never went up. You can get a 48-count of plastic easter eggs for 3 bucks. And no. Nematodes.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Pioneer Agronomy - Refocusing on Soybean Cyst Nematode Management: https://www.pioneer.com/us/agronomy/Refocusing-on-Soybean-Cyst-Nematode-Management.html
Brian visits the Crop Doctors' Podcast Studio in Stoneville to talk cotton. Acreage forecasts have dipped due to recent price reduction. Following a discussion on acreage guesses for 2023, Brian, Jason, and Tom discuss the commercialization of the ThryvOn trait and how it should be utilized. The discussion wraps up with nematode management.
Nematodes, also known as roundworms, are the most abundant animals on earth but are largely misunderstood. In gardening and agriculture, several nematode species are known for being pests, but it's important to recognize that many other nematode species are beneficial, providing biological control of insect pests. To explain how lab-produced pheromones can be used to repel pest nematodes and stimulate beneficial nematodes, my guest this week is Dr. Fatma Kaplan, the CEO and founder of Pheronym. Download my free eBook 5 Steps to Your Best Garden Ever - the 5 most important steps anyone can do to have a thriving garden or landscape. It's what I still do today, without exception to get incredible results, even in the most challenging conditions. Subscribe to the joegardener® email list to receive weekly updates about new podcast episodes, seasonal gardening tips, and online gardening course announcements. Check out The joegardener® Online Gardening Academy for our growing library of organic gardening courses. Follow joegardener® on Instagram, Facebook, Pinterest, and Twitter, and subscribe to The joegardenerTV YouTube channel.
Composting is taking diverse organic material and making a habitat for the microbes that will process the material. Jean Bonhotal, Director of Cornell Waste Management Institute in the Department of Soils and Crop Sciences explains that there are three necessary ingredients to make a great compost. First, the pile should start with carbon-like woodchips to help move air through. Second, add in wet waste like food or pomace. And third, top the pile with carbon. The most important factor in making compost is temperature. In fact, you do not need to turn piles. The organisms that break down compost generate temperatures that are about 90 to 150 degrees Fahrenheit. A great example of this is seen in mortality composting, used for livestock. These piles are created by layering 24 inches of woodchips, followed by the animal, and top with another 24 inches of wood chips. The animal will liquefy and then everything starts to mix as the microbes work. In 12 to 24 hours the pile will reach the desired 130 degrees Fahrenheit. While compost is not technically a fertilizer it has numerous benefits including imparting nutrients, pest resistance, helping with erosion control, and improving water holding capacity because it works like a sponge. Listen in to hear Jean's best advice on how to create great compost. References: 1/20/2023 REGISTER: Improving Soil Health with Compost & Vermiculture Tailgate 53: Producing Compost and Carbon Sequestration 106: What? Bury Charcoal in the Vineyard? 151: The Role of the Soil Microbiome in Soil Health 153: The Role of Nematodes in Soil Health Aerated Compost Tea Composting Handbook Compost Use for Improved Soil Poster Series Improving and Maintaining Compost Quality Niner Wine Estates SIP Certified Testing Composts Tipsheet: Compost Vineyard Team – Become a Member What Is Animal Mortality Composting? Get More Subscribe wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org. Transcript Craig Macmillan 0:00 My guest today is Jean Bonhotal. She is Director of the Cornell Waste Management Institute. And he's also a Senior Extension Associate in the Integrative Plant Science Soil and Crop Science Section at Cornell University. And we're talking about compost today. Thanks for being here, Jean. Jean Bonhotal 0:13 Thank you. Craig Macmillan 0:14 I like to start with basics when we're talking about a topic. And sometimes it seems kind of silly, but it oftentimes shapes what we talk about. Let's start with a very basic definition. What exactly is compost. Unknown Speaker 0:26 So I'm going to start with a definition before I get into composting, and that is what is organic, what is organic? When I'm using the term organic, this is what it will mean something that was once alive and is now dead, and needs to be managed. That comes with all different types of quality. But we are usually looking for clean feedstocks, that are organic in origin. So we don't want glass and plastic and other materials that really don't break down and have put a lot of plastic into our environment, because they break down into little tiny pieces, and they're still there. So I'll start with that. Composting is basically taking organic material, all different diverse, organic materials, preferably, and making a habitat for microbes, the microbes that are going to process these materials. When we're composting, we can do all of the work mechanically. But it doesn't really work that well because composting is a process. And if we set it up so that we have our carbon and nitrogen ratios, well balanced. And those are browns and greens, wet and dry materials. So those are the things that we need to balance, then we will have a proper habitat for the microbes to work in and they will thrive. The microbes are what make the heat in a compost. When we're composting very small volumes, we don't always have heat. And that's because we don't have the volume that we need for that composting to happen in commercial scale, we generally will have enough volume. So as long as we balance that carbon and nitrogen, we will have a very good compost that will actually work mostly by itself. Craig Macmillan 2:29 So you need different kinds of microbes for taking action on different types of materials, whether they be high nitrogen or high carbon or whatever. Where did those bacteria and fungi, where do those come from? Jean Bonhotal 2:40 They come from everywhere. They come from us breathing on the medium that we're putting in there they come from the air, their bio aerosolized is what we consider. So these things blow in, and we really don't have to inoculate most composts. The only reason we might need to inoculate a compost is because we've shut it down. Either we've put something in there that's too toxic for the organisms to work with, or we've made it too hot in that pile. The organisms that we're working with are thermophilic organisms, they generate temperatures that are about 90 to 150. And the actual range for thermophilic is more like 130. Those are the temperatures that we really like to reach 130 to 150 is really degrees Fahrenheit is really the temperatures that we want to heat want to reach. Craig Macmillan 3:42 And that's because those are the ranges where these particular microbes are the most happy. Jean Bonhotal 3:46 Yes, and the microbes are actually generating the heat. It's like putting 55th graders in a room you don't have to heat. They're giving off lots of energy and have to do anything else. They're doing the work and metabolizing all of that material. We were talking about a range, what if we're not generating enough heat? What kinds of things happen then? Or what can we do to change that? Well back up because that is dependent on size. So we have to have that volume and that and if we look at physics, that volume is three by three by three feet cubed. However, when we're working in cold climates, that is not large enough. So everything will freeze really, we have to have everything so perfect with that three by three by three cube that we're not likely to reach those temperatures. So it's really balancing the carbon and nitrogen the moisture. And because if like in arid climates where everything dries out horribly, we need to make sure there's enough moisture retained in that because these are aerobic organisms that are doing all the work. And we really need to make sure that they have that moisture, or else they can't really work. People think that worms make compost, and to an extent they do, there's vermicompost. And it's a different than thermophilic composting that I'm talking about. But Vermacomposting is done with epigeic worms. It's done in a 24 inch bed. So you're making that compost in kind of a shallow bed so that it won't heat up, because the worms are actually doing all of the work in that system. When worms come into a compost, or thermophilic compost, that's at the end of the process, they can't tolerate the heat in the thermophilic process. But they do like to process those organisms that are in there. So they will go in and actually process some of that material toward the end. And in some ways, you can tell that you have a more finished compost, because worms are actually able to thrive in there. Craig Macmillan 6:07 Where did the worms come from? Jean Bonhotal 6:09 Generally from the ground, if you're composting in a vessel, you're not going to have worms in there unless you had like warm eggs or something that were already in the medium, and hatched or something like that. So that's where those are coming from. So like indoor facilities generally wouldn't have an earthworm coming in and processing. And the epigeic worms are surface feeders, so they're coming up, they detect that something's up there to eat. And they'll just come to the surface, eat it, pull it down, up and down, you know, they can actually handle above 54 degrees, where a lot of worms dry out and die there. As they get if it gets too hot, and they get too dry. Craig Macmillan 6:57 You had mentioned the right mix or blend the right kind of connection of different materials and other recipes that that work for certain practical applications are given certain materials, you want certain ratios, how does that work? Jean Bonhotal 7:10 There are recipes out there. But basically, you have to look at everything as carbon and nitrogen. So if you're a vineyard that wants to compost, the pumice, all your all your promise while you're squeezing all that kind of material, then you're gonna have to look at that and figure out whether that's going to work by itself, just that promise. But you do have grape skins, and you have grape seeds in there. So the grape skins and the grape seeds actually can work together to create a good habitat and actually make things work or you have a pH of about four or five in those pressings. That's going to deter worms for a while it is going to deter some other organisms for a while, but things will start to get going. And that's how we tend to do that. If it's really sloppy and wet, it would be better to add a little bit more waste, but another waste, marry it with another waste, whether you have some manure or you know the if there are some animals on site, if you can mix in manure, or some shavings, or I don't usually like to put wood chips in because it makes a coarser compost for a vineyard. And we want generally want to find our compost. Craig Macmillan 8:30 Which actually reminds me of something. There were two things that I had learned and that they may not be true when I was coming up and we're talking like 20 years ago. One was that you had to have manure as part of the mix, some kind of a manure there was one and then the second one was forget about using any kind of wood chip vines, anything like that, because they're not going to break down. And that's not going to work. So how is that accurate for either this ideas? Jean Bonhotal 8:54 No, we have to use all of our carbon sources. Honestly, we do have to use all different carbon sources in different types of composting. I'll give you an example of facilities that by regulation, they're only allowed to compost leaf and yard waste. So they're not allowed to bring in food unless they have a permit to bring in food waste. So there's a lot of different rules that occur over municipalities. Some municipalities got the idea because they needed more nitrogen, there's a lot of carbon and your dry leaves and your woodchips and your woody waste. And I generally will say if I make a pile of sticks, which is all carbon, so all all different sticks and just put them in a pile. If I go back six months later, what is it going to be? Craig Macmillan 9:42 Dried sticks? Jean Bonhotal 9:43 A pile of sticks, because I don't have any real nitrogen there is nitrogen in there but I don't have enough in there to make that break down. So I do like to size reduce those chips, the woody waste and that's chipping off or grinding or something like that. And that will make things go better. If you need to compost just leaves, what the municipalities were doing was adding chemical fertilizer to them. Because the chemical fertilizer would bring the nitrogen in, you have to decide do you want to use the chemical nitrogen, the chemical fertilizer, or not in your process, but that will make it work because their carbon and their nitrogen, and we can do that. Craig Macmillan 10:27 Do I need to do some analysis on these materials and figure out what I actually have and then make calculations from there. Jean Bonhotal 10:33 So the ratios that we want to use are two to three to one. So I have a good picture of a bucket. And it could be any bucket, think of a cottage cheese container up to us eight yard bucket, I want one bucket of wet material, a very wet material. And then three buckets of very dry material. That's how we balance those ratios. But we are really some of it is like It's like making bread, we don't dump all the flour and all the water in at one time, we put in a little bit of time, because we need to balance out what that recipe actually needs. And the same thing happens in composting, the operators get very good at knowing, okay, that's really, really dry material. And that's really, really wet material. And I might even need to make because we can compost liquids, I might need to make a bowl to put that liquid in there or that really wet material in there so that it can stay in the pile. So I can use that moisture, mix it with the woody waste, and allow that to happen. Craig Macmillan 11:42 This is beginning to get kind of intimidating. I was kind of hoping that I just would throw a bunch of stuff in a pile and walk away and come back and magically I now have compost. Yeah, how do I figure this out, I guess we're gonna get my education? Jean Bonhotal 11:58 So one of the ways we do small scale composting is we layer the materials in so we'll have a bin and we'll put carbon down at the bottom, make sure we have a good carbon layer because that's going to act as an air plenum on the bottom. So simple, just woodchips a pallet, something that's going to allow air to come in, then we'll put nitrogen or put in our wet waste, our food waste, our pumice, those materials, we're going to put carbon on top of that. So we never should be able to see what we're composting, it should always look like a pile of comp of compost. But I will talk a little bit about mortality composting and how we do that, because it really tells us how the whole thing is supposed to work. And what we do is we put down 24 inches of woodchips, then I'll put a cow in. And then I'll put 24 inches of woodchips over top of that, what happens in that is the cow starts to liquefy. And then it starts to mix with all of the material, all the all the microbes are starting to work. And everything starts mixing together in a very slow motion in 12 to 24 hours, I should have 130 degrees Fahrenheit in that pile. If I don't, then I've built it wrong. But generally even with we're composting right now with frozen animals, and we're able because of the size of our piles, we're able to do that, that heats up. So whatever the pile is, or the windrow is that heats up, and then the heat rises, and it actually convex around that that medium. So the organisms are getting all that and we don't have to do any turning. We don't have to turn at all. So we don't always turn and if I do that layering like I was talking about in a bin, if we layer it in a bin, then we will be able to do that and walk away and just let the rain and snow fall on it through the season. It'll be slower, but it will compost. Craig Macmillan 14:11 So again, I had been under the impression that you always have to you have a regular schedule, you have to turn it to aerate it. And you also have to monitor the moisture. No you do not. Jean Bonhotal 14:19 No. No. The only real tool that we use is temperature. We monitor temperatures in piles, we can tell everything that's going on in that pile is that making sure that it's working well or we need to add more water or we need to whatever we can tell that by temperature. Craig Macmillan 14:39 If the temperature is getting too high. What do you do? Jean Bonhotal 14:41 I do compost in arid places where our temperatures can get really high because our piles are too big. Okay, and then we really have to be careful because we can have spontaneous combustion. And our large ones I worked with some facilities in Idaho that around the Boise area, and they were in danger of combusting. And as they were like, what do we do? Well, if we add a lot of air real fast, we're going to be in trouble. If we add a lot of water real fast, we're going to be in trouble. So what we do is we, we will break those piles carefully, break those piles down, just deconstruct those, lay them in sheet, and then just make sure that they've cooled off, then we can build a pile again, but it can be a problem in hot and arid climates. And it can happen anywhere there are different manures like poultry manure will burn more easily than other manure because of the ammonia contents. Because of the just the nature of that material. Craig Macmillan 15:45 What kind of temperatures are we talking about? Jean Bonhotal 15:47 When we're getting over 170? I get nervous, especially if it's really hot, ambient temperature. We have to be careful about that. Craig Macmillan 15:56 Excellent. Okay, that's useful. That's that we can keep that we can track that ourselves. Now, before we run out of time. We have time I just want to get to this topic, because I think there's a lot here. Now, oftentimes, compost is treated like a fertilizer, you say, oh, there's nutrients here. And we're doing it for that reason. But compost will do a lot of other things for you in terms of your soil. Jean Bonhotal 16:18 Yes, and compost is not technically a fertilizer. So if I have a finished compost, it's not a fertilizer and doesn't follow the fertilizer rules. So there are rules that govern fertilizers and rules that cover compost, and so we have to be careful about that. So it does impart nutrients to our soil compost does impart nutrients to our soil, it helps with erosion control, it helps with water holding capacity, because compost acts like a sponge, and it will pull that moisture into the soil. And then the plants are able to use that when things get droughty. So we really want to use a lot of compost, if in my dreams, I would like to have three inches of compost spread on the whole terrestrial earth. Because I think we need it, it's the only way we can create or recreate our sustainable soils, our soils are very much bankrupt, we might put nutrients back on those soils, but we don't put the organic matter back on the soils, were able to take more of the corn crop. So less gets tilled in, and less of that organic matter is there so we don't have sustainable soils because of that. And compost can help us create and generate sustainable soils so that we don't have to do that. We don't have to constantly add fertilizer. Craig Macmillan 17:49 Now that leads me to a couple of other things. So in terms of application in vineyards, it's very common to band compost right under the vines in the vine round and not in the middle. Some folks are experimenting with full on broadcasting across the whole surface, right and this has worked really well in range land contexts, which is interesting. And then there's a question about whether compost needs to be incorporated into the soil or does it need to be cultivated in what are your feelings about that for you know, a soil that's maybe a clay soil relatively dry. Jean Bonhotal 18:23 I'll talk specifically for vineyards on this some vineyards will start their new plants their starts with like some vermiompost. And vermicompost is a pretty popular product to use when we're putting our starts in. And these are like five year old vines that are just getting planted. And we really want these guys to go. So that will help with nutrients. It will help with soil aggregation, it will just make healthy soil. I have had a poster up before as because it says compost don't treat your soil like dirt. And that's really what we want to do. We want to compost we want to add compost so that we're not just dealing with mineral soils. And I think it's really important for us to be thinking about that way. So the adding a you know, an eight ounce cup of compost vermicompost into the holes is supposed to work very well. And a lot of people in California have actually experimented with that. From what I'm told. What their plant responses are, I haven't followed those. So I don't know. Broadcasting I've seen people more put it in the row middles so that they don't end up with a lot of bull wood in their vines because if they get the nutrients up against the vines at the wrong time, that can be problematic. So sometimes they'll even take immature compost and put that in the row middles. That keeps keeps grass down keeps weeds down, you'll still have some cover there. But then it slowly works its way into the vineyard. Craig Macmillan 20:06 When you're referring to row middles you mean under the vine? Jean Bonhotal 20:09 I mean, between the, the rows. Craig Macmillan 20:11 Between the vines. Okay. Jean Bonhotal 20:12 Yeah, I've seen that done a lot in New York, where people are using it that way. And sometimes we'll use an immature compost because that we call it a killer compost, which we shouldn't, but it kills the area, and it won't encourage the growth in the row middles. And it keeps it a little bit away from the vine for a little while, then by the next season, that's all integrated into that soil system. Craig Macmillan 20:39 Fascinating. Fascinating. Now, what do you think about banding underneath the vine? Jean Bonhotal 20:43 By banding, you mean just putting it right against the wood? Craig Macmillan 20:48 Generally, just underneath the vine, not in the middle, the strategy there, I think is I'm trying to get a higher concentration, if you will, and I want to put it where the vine roots are going to be in. So they're going to be predominantly in the vine row, not not exclusively, but they're gonna be that's where the highest concentration of roots is going to be. So the idea is, hey, if I'm going to put five tons per acre on, let me put it on in a narrow band, like 18 inches, as opposed to, you know, eight feet, you know, in terms of in terms of width, it sounds like you're kind of more interested, if you would kind of recommend, you know, putting it in the middle as opposed to under the vine. Jean Bonhotal 21:21 I don't have enough experience with grapes to recommend. So I'm not going to make that recommendation. This is what I'm seeing in the vineyard, the way the growers are choosing to actually experiment and see what is getting the nutrients to the plant at the right time. So what strategy is, is working best. Using the vermicompost in the hole that's been very productive using some of the row middles. I'm not sure about banding I have no experience with that. So I don't want to speak on that. I'm more of the compost production cleaning up the best person. You know, what, when we get the calls, this pile over here, stinks by the neighbor, then I step in and and try to get everything more productive. Craig Macmillan 22:13 That makes sense that makes tons of sense. One other application that I do think you can speak to is erosion control. What role can compost have an erosion control. Jean Bonhotal 22:22 We do a lot of work with compost, and I'm gonna share with you some posters that will give you simple compost use instructions. We work in agriculture, we work in erosion control, we work in urban garden gardens and farms. So there's all different possibilities with all different compost and every compost, even the compost that aren't the quality that we want for our vineyard. Every compost has a potential use, even if it's just daily covering a landfill, so that we've taken those metals or those that toxicity out of the environment, and at least concentrated it in smaller places so that maybe it can be recovered at some point when we figure that kind of stuff out. Craig Macmillan 23:07 And the way this is working is that the compost is binding this soil somehow or is it reducing the impact of the raindrops or what's the mechanism. Jean Bonhotal 23:17 We do both compost blankets and compost socks and erosion control. So the compost blankets we have blower trucks that can spray compost, it's a big big hose, we spray compost onto a hillside, when we put that blanket down. When the rain comes if the rain comes in, it hits the soil, it hits the soil and it makes mud and that mud starts running down the hill. And that's erosion. When it hits the compost, the compost acts like a sponge. And that sponge will just keep sucking in that moisture. And then slowly release it like a sponge will. And so the plants can use it better and it doesn't create those rivulets and the erosion that other things do. Craig Macmillan 24:10 What kinds of rates per acre per square yard or what are we talking about? Jean Bonhotal 24:15 For it depends on per crop. When we put a blanket down, we'll put in out about a inch blanket. So that's a visual, and we want to make sure that it's well covered I'd put one or two inches down easily, because that will start incooperating. Remember I told you about those worms? The worms will come up and start processing some of that material. And that'll only be incorporated in the soil in that way. So we don't actually incorporate we will seed put the blanket down and then we might hydro seed on top of that blanket. And that'll create cover some kind of cover crop whether it depends on our goals. We'll put whatever cover crop we might put red clover on our roadside we might put, you know, depends on where we are what we're putting in, but usually a low grow local plant. So we don't want to take you know, a plant from New York and put it in California, it's not going to produce the same way. We want to make sure that we are in the right conditions. We have the right plantings and all that and Soil and Water Conservation Districts which are all over the country. They give you guidance on what should go on to slopes. What should go into row middles, it depends on the plants though, and cooperative extension does a lot of that, what application do we need for what crop. One of the things that we are finding with soil blends and stuff when we're trying to bring in topsoil topsoil has lots of different definitions, a lot of times it's sand. Because we can't get topsoil, it's very difficult, we've used up a lot of our topsoil, and we don't have that rich earth to bring to someplace else to put that topsoil down. So we're working right now on grow tests to look at what percentage of compost should be mixed with the mineral soil, or with close to mineral soil or with the soil existing soil. And one of the things that we're finding is that we can really use in most for most crops, and for soil sustainability to build those soils, we can use about 50% compost in all of those, and we're getting really good results with crops. It does depend whether we're growing cabbages or grapes, or we really need those soils to be more sustainable. If our soils are sustainable, they'll increase the water holding capacity, you know, through the compost application, but they also help with pest resistance. So we'll have more pest resistance, because we have healthy soils, we have more competitors that are actually able to take things out instead of working in a chemical system where okay, the cut worms came in, and the cut worms are really happy to be working in. There's nothing telling them not to. And similarly with powdery mildews and some of the other diseases, we seem to have better results with having a healthy soil. So not just dust that we've added fertilizer to. Craig Macmillan 27:32 Sure. And that makes total sense of any there are a lot of folks that are looking at this kind of a holistic plant science, plant physiology approach, which is what you're talking about. And there's a lot of exciting things going on and talking about compost being a part of it is really cool, basically at aout of advice or what one thing would you like people to know as far as their own compost production goes. Jean Bonhotal 27:58 If you're producing compost, you're a microbe farmer. And that's what you really need to consider create a habitat that they're going to thrive in, and they'll do all the work for you. And that is my best piece of advice to anybody. Craig Macmillan 28:14 That's great. And where can people find out more about you and your work? Jean Bonhotal 28:17 I'm with Cornell Waste Management Institute at Cornell University. You can you can google us pretty easily. Craig Macmillan 28:25 It's easy to find information about you. Yeah, and about the CWMI. So our guest today was Joan Bonhotal. She is the director of the Cornell Waste Management Institute. And she's also Senior Extension Associate with the Integrative Plant Science Soil and Crop Science section at Cornell University. Lots of great stuff is gonna be in the show notes. Again, we encourage you to look into this topic. It's exciting. There's a lot going on. Wouldn't you agree there's a lot of new science every year on this topic. Jean Bonhotal 28:51 There is a lot a lot going on in composting, a lot going on in sustainable soil production and if we have sustainable soils, we will be able to grow healthy food and sustain healthy people. So there's just so much going on with all applications of composting. Craig Macmillan 29:12 Very exciting. Transcribed by https://otter.ai
Like with many projects on a sustainable farm, composting at Niner Wines Estates began with a problem; what could be done with all the pumice from the winemaking operations. Patrick Muran Winemaker at Niner Wine Estates started experimenting with thermal aerobic composting in 2016. With a 200-acre property, the farm has a diverse array of plant material coming from the restaurant garden, cover crops, and vineyards. Patrick explains how they turned a waste stream product into a valuable commodity including what temperature a compost pile must reach, what plant material to include, how to inoculate a new pile, and how long it takes to make top quality compost. References: 1/20/2023 REGISTER: Improving Soil Health with Compost & Vermiculture Tailgate 53: Producing Compost and Carbon Sequestration 106: What? Bury Charcoal in the Vineyard? 151: The Role of the Soil Microbiome in Soil Health 153: The Role of Nematodes in Soil Health Aerated Compost Tea Composting Handbook Compost Use for Improved Soil Poster Series Improving and Maintaining Compost Quality Niner Wine Estates SIP Certified Testing Composts Tipsheet: Compost Vineyard Team – Become a Member Get More Subscribe wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org. Transcript Craig Macmillan 0:00 Our guest today is Patrick Moran, winemaker at Niner Wine Estates in Paso Robles, California. And today we're going to talk about composting. Welcome, Patrick. Patrick Muran 0:07 Thank you, Craig. Happy to be here. And to talk about some compost today. Craig Macmillan 0:11 Yes, we are. And in the spirit of full disclosure, I want to let everybody know that Patrick and I work together. So this is not the first time that we've talked about this. So I know about what we do. But we're gonna try to get into the details here and try not to forget anything. It's a really cool project that you, you kind of you founded. Correct. You kind of got this whole thing going, right? Patrick Muran 0:31 Yeah, it was birthed out of a problem of what do we do with all this pumice waste and ruin to kind of a passion project of figuring out how to unlock the keys and composting all this waste that we had? Craig Macmillan 0:49 So when did it start? How long have you been doing this? Patrick Muran 0:52 So this started late 2016, early 2017, we start building piles, Gosh, 5, 6 years now? Craig Macmillan 1:01 Yeah, in a minute. So the idea here was that you had a lot of waste that was coming in, or grape material that was coming in and you wanted to do something with it. What were you doing with it prior to accomplishing with it? Patrick Muran 1:12 I mean, I've been at this now, gosh, almost 24 years, you know, when I started, we had our big 40 yard roll off dumpsters getting dropped off and are filling them up with grape waste and pumice and stems and all that kind of stuff. But you know, we're scheduling trucks and paying for these trucks to be on the road and do all this material and material is getting stinky out there in the yard, flies are starting to fester, we had, you know, a similar problem here. Here I'm paying for a truck to come drop off this dumpster that's going to kind of make a mess and in our yard for weeks on end. And then pay to have that material removed. It was a kind of an, I love elegant solutions in this was elegant solution to a problem where we can turn a waste stream product into you know, a valuable commodity. Craig Macmillan 2:04 Did you have an experience with composting prior to that? Patrick Muran 2:07 No, not to the degree of what we're doing now. My notion of composting was probably like most people's it's like, oh, just chuck it in a in a black container or something in the yard and forget about it for six months and then come back later. And all of a sudden, it's it's all done. That was more or less my notion of what composting was. But when you're talking thermoaerobic composting, to the NOP like organic standards, it's a little bit of a different feel. Craig Macmillan 2:36 How did you educate yourself about this? This is interesting to me this is you went from zero to now 100. Patrick Muran 2:41 Yeah. With Cal Poly, actually Cal Poly had an extension program. And they brought in Dr. Elaine Ingham, and she did a seminar on composting, thermalaerobic composting in particular. And it just blew my mind like because I'm I'm microbiologist by by schooling, you know, I spent my year in college studying microbiology, and she was talking my jam, like she was talking all the biology in the soils. And in this compost that was promoting plant growth. So she she really kicked me off on this path. And, and so I just started educating myself on how to do it properly, and how to the biology and the ecology that supports your plant that you're trying to grow. Craig Macmillan 3:33 So did you already have a plan for what you were going to use this stuff for? Patrick Muran 3:37 No, I just knew if it was done properly, we could definitely use it all over the place. Like all of a sudden you've got this thing that can grow. But we did have a target because we have were growing grapes in a world. Our compost is going to help support the life that grapevines. Craig Macmillan 3:56 When you started, were you using just pomice or were you adding other material to it? Patrick Muran 4:02 No, I learned pretty early on that the more diversity of your ingredients that go into that compost pile, the more diversity you'll have as far as microorganisms, bacteria and fungi and protozoa and all these these different layers of of organisms. And I figured out pretty early on that we're going to need a diverse stream of sources to kind of hit our target. Craig Macmillan 4:28 And where did you source that stuff from? Was it from the property? Did you bring stuff in from the outside? Patrick Muran 4:33 Yeah, I mean, we've got over 200 acres here. So with a with a garden, cover crop growing, you know, we've got kind of a diverse array of materials, it was just a matter of collecting them your and making sure they're kind of staged and ready to go. Craig Macmillan 4:54 What's the timeframe from when you have let's say pomice from harvest until you have something that you can use? Patrick Muran 4:59 Yeah, so the ideal timeline for promised to complete product is about 60 days minimum is 15. But 60 days is the point of which you get that rich, organic material that's consumed all it's easy foods, and you get a little more diverse array of microorganisms in there. Craig Macmillan 5:20 Are you measuring the microorganisms? Are you sending samples out or something to get an idea of what's there? Patrick Muran 5:26 Yeah, we were doing both I do it here, or I was doing counts like bacterial counts, and, and fungal counts kind of fungal biomass and bacterial biomass. It's a little labor intensive. And after doing it enough times, you can kind of get a good sense of what the populations are, by easy look under a microscope, we are also sending out to an outfit called Earth Fort where they'll do the assessment for us, and then just kind of give us the results. Craig Macmillan 5:56 So is that how you know when it's done? Or is there other cues to you? You go, hey, all right, we're there now? Patrick Muran 6:02 Yeah, the cues that I use really are color temperature and and sort of the touch and feel of it all he can you get a sense of that digestion is complete, and you get into a form that really does look, I mean, it looks like 70%, dark cocoa chocolate bar, you know, hit that. And the whole pile has a very consistent makeup. So it's just there, you know. Craig Macmillan 6:30 So you mentioned easy foods, what would those maybe be in those are things that the microorganisms are consuming? Is that right? Patrick Muran 6:37 I would go back a step, I think of this is a lot like making wine, you know, you have the materials, you're starting kind of an inoculum, or a biomass that is going to grow, that's going to consume the nutrients that are available. You know, as a winemaker, there's a lot of parallels in composting as there is to making wine, you know, tank size or vessel size can inform you on how much heat will be generated and how fast fermentation may complete. Same goes for composting, the size of the compost pile will dictate kind of the thermal insulation that can take place. So you can kind of create a lot of thermal mass and a big pile. The next step is food. You know, we think of these two simple nitrogen compost, you think the carbon to nitrogen ratios. So again, nitrogen is your food source, those readily consumable foods, sugars, for example, really, you know, feed into the bacterial populations that just want an easy hit of sugar, and they go, so those are going to be the easy foods, the more complex foods, and it's again, similar to, to fermentation, you've got diammonium phosphate, you're now your DAP is like just putting gasoline on a fermentation. And you have more complex organic foods like for fermato or whatnot, yeast derived but they're much more complex or not as readily available, and they'll take longer to digest and release that energy. So then you got your food source. So I think carbon to nitrogen ratios, composting, I think of yeast to simple nitrogen and fermentation. Craig Macmillan 8:23 So you're using a lot of the same kind of conceptual ideas that you use for making wine for making compost, it's there's some similarities in terms of kind of functionality in your mind. Patrick Muran 8:32 And figuring out the proportions of those different components. And kind of the momentum, you know, that can be generated by it is really the key to unlocking a successful compost operation, as it would be with a successful fermentation operation too. Craig Macmillan 8:50 When I was first learning about this topic, there was like a recipe that you were supposed to kind of follow. And one of the elements there was manure, so you had to have manure in the mix doesn't sound like you're doing that because there's not cattle on site. Patrick Muran 9:02 That's right. And we've stayed away from manure for the moment because we'd like to use whatever's available on the property. And high nitrogen can come from other things other than manure, which includes things like alfalfa, all your nitrogen fixing plants, alfalfa, some clovers, but also seeds have a fairly high nitrogen content, just so happens to be got a lot of those coming out of these fermenters. So we use seeds as a high nitrogen component, they act a little differently because they're kind of a slow burn as opposed as opposed to a fast burn. They definitely will contribute to that heat to that energy release that temperature zone that you're trying to hit. Craig Macmillan 9:49 Do the seeds breakdown because I've seen pomice compost piles before where the seeds just didn't change. Do they break down for you? Patrick Muran 9:56 Yeah, they do break down they're not they're not fully in kind of destructured, you know, they're still like this funny shell, they almost look like a popcorn, they swell a little bit and kind of spilled some of their guts, but kind of the shell sort of remains of the seed. So they definitely have a different look and feel than when they started. But they do add a nice volume filling component, something like perlite or something like that, you know, they kind of fill, fill out the compost, make it a little fluff here. Craig Macmillan 10:29 So even though there's this material left behind actually has a role that actually does something for the way the pile behaves, and what it will do eventually, it sounds like. On the manure topic, we have a new aspect to the system, the ecosystem at Niner. And that's chickens. Have you thought about or are you using manure from the chickens? Patrick Muran 10:48 Not yet, just because we haven't needed to. This is what the beauty of this whole system is, you're getting rid of this waste as it is, you know, you're getting rid of garden waste, when you throw it in a green waste bin or you throw it in a, you know, a compost pile, we're getting rid of chicken manure as you clean up the chicken house and things of that nature. So you're collecting it, so why not use it. So all of these different streams are going to come into play in the chicken manure will come into play as well. It's just a matter of getting the material there staging it to making sure using using the right proportions at the right time, we just so happened to have worked out a formula with what we have currently. That's really nice and consistent. And chicken manure will change it a little bit. So we'll have to tweak it a little bit to get everything just right. Craig Macmillan 11:38 Another thing that I believe you've been bringing into the system is chipped grapevines, and also material from landscaping. Again, I was under the impression that things with high lignin did not compost very well. Have you started with that material? Or is are things happening? Are you looking at stuff what's happened in there? Patrick Muran 11:54 Yeah, so the high carbon source. So that's things like any sort of wood material, wood chips, hedgings anything that's going to have a lot of that cellulose hemicellulose. Like those really difficult to digest components, those can definitely be incorporated. And we like a nice proportion of those because they are great fungal foods, and we're trying to grow fungi as well on these compost piles. Those are a great source of fungal foods. And those do decompose, they take a little longer, we can give a little more time to the compost piles in terms of digestion, because you'll get that fungal push towards the latter half of composting. As they start speeding off of those partially digested woody components and high carbon sources. Craig Macmillan 12:50 Do you have to inoculate the piles? Patrick Muran 12:52 You can totally kick them off if you make compost teas. And so basically you take a finished pile, make some tea, and then use that tea to inoculate a new pile that's like Like imagine and throwing it in, it's really kick things off. The other way is to simply just take a finished compost pile and use a small amount as an inoculum. Like you would fermentation an inoculant you with the yeast and innoculate you with all the stuff that I've grown up with this previous pile to get you started right away, or like a native ferment and you can kind of sit around and wait for it to it's kind of naturally get some momentum, it takes a little longer certainly get that going as well. Craig Macmillan 13:38 What is your method here? So you're collecting material, and then you have to make it into a pile of some kind. And then you have to manage the pile? Right? So there's things like moisture and temperature, correct. What specifically are you doing to manage the pile? And specifically, what are you looking at in terms of the variables that tell you oh, I need to do this or that. Patrick Muran 13:55 To start wit we start with about four different streams of materials. We're starting with wood chips, or woody material, high carbon source, we're starting with green waste, which is anything that was cut green. So garden waste that was cut green, we even took grass clippings from you know, when they mow or around here as long as it was green. That's going to be one stream. The other stream is going to be rake. So anything that came out of destemers, it's going to kind of live in one vein. And then lastly, we're going to do the skins and seeds. So anything that came out of a fermentation tank that was fully fermented so they don't now we have our seed component. So we just treat each one of those streams as a different source. And we'll compose it's about 40% of woody material and we consider the rake is of woody material. So we'll go rake plus wood chips that's going to compose about 40% of the material. The green waste stream is going to be about 30% of that material. Okay, so that's going to be in those green waste, clippings and whatnot. And then lastly, we'll use the last 30% of the seed, and skin material, all the pumps that came out of tanks as a string. So we're going to take those components in those proportions and assemble it and kind of mix it up, we make windrows out of this, and they're roughly four feet tall, four to five feet tall, and about eight feet wide, we're gonna try and mix this as well as you can, and get moisture in there. Moisture is really the thing that sets this whole stage up to digest. I mean, you like any living organism, like you can't live without water, neither can these organisms. And moisture really is the key component to keeping that. We're going to try and strive for about 40% humidity or 40% moisture content. That's a touch and feel thing. Like you can really get scientific on how much moisture goes into a pile. But really, once you learn touching, feeling, squeezing the material, you'll get a sense of moisture, Woody materials really difficult to soak up. So we try and pre wet that a little bit. Seeds and green waste usually has sufficient moisture content to get things started. So mix it into a pile, mix it into those windrows. And then we no longer have covering piles at this point. So we just let them be out there. But if you have the right components in the right size, moisture, and composition, they'll kick off, I mean, we'll be up to 130 in gosh, within three days, certainly, we'll be right into a nice thermal compost, and then we're going to be turning it and we use a bucket on a tractor. It's not ideal. Ideally, you have a compost turner that aerated and really does a nice job of mixing. But we felt we got we can get by with a with a bucket on it on a tractor. And we do it by just simply folding that pile laterally. So if you think of a windrow, like pointing down, basically, one direction, we're going to come in perpendicular to that windrow, take kind of the outside piece, we're going to fold it up over the top, then we're going to kind of try and pull the core which is the hottest piece. And that's going to be become kind of the back end of that windrow. So you're kind of taking these in different sections. A better way to put it is if you think of a triangle, cut it into four parts. So you're going to have like the two wings, the top in the core. So you're trying to get the inside core cycled out, and you're trying to get the wings, whether it's the top or the outside sides to become the core, say you're just trying to fold union. So you're cycling the material through the core, that's basically the key. It is temperature and moisture determined. Typically were like every three to five days, but you'll find it needs more rigorous turning in the beginning. And then you can kind of back off towards the tail end. Craig Macmillan 18:18 When do you get the water in? And how do you do that? I've seen different solutions to that problem. What do you put it in? How do you do it? Patrick Muran 18:25 We've tried multiple solutions to this, the ideal is very small droplets. Like that's the ideal if you can get up a fine misting spray, that would be the best solution. Getting moisture in we use a fire hose, a water wagon. And that fire hose is able to emit you know a fine spray. So we go in with a water wagon, fire hose and a pump just basically wet out all the outside and then immediately turn it that's kind of the key is not set. It's just trial and error to figure out how much water do I apply? You know how what does this need to get? And that just has taken us a little bit of time to understand. You know, in the beginning it is more difficult to wet up. In the end. It's it's much easier to wet up knowing when and how much to apply is kind of that's what's taken us time to learn. Craig Macmillan 19:21 Yeah, practice. You mentioned temperature you mentioned 103 degrees Fahrenheit, what what are the temperature bounds? What do you have to hit? Why do you have to hit it? What's too hot? How often do you measure that? How do you measure it? Patrick Muran 19:33 temperature requirements are over 131. 131 to 170 for a minimum of 15 days. And you have to turn a minimum of five times in that 15 days. We use just a long stainless temperature probe. It's three feet, even a PVC sleeve and basically inserted into the core each day just to see where you stand. And then you're we do that kind of along the windrow in different spots, and kind of get an average of what's happening throughout the pile. And then secondly, we dig a little gopher holes into it like basically trying to dig down, or to get a sense of what the moisture content is like. And so we'll go dig through these piles, see where they stand, see what the moisture contents like, and then make a determination as to whether it needs water and turning and whatnot. Craig Macmillan 20:31 You just dig in there with your hand, you already have a tool? Patrick Muran 20:35 Now, I mean, it's it's, like I said, it's kind of nice. It's a touchy feely kind of thing. And you get a real good sense of what the moisture content and the different layers you can you'll find like moisture sort of will reside on the outside, but the core can become kind of dry, because that's the hottest spot. So just using your your old hands to kind of get in there is sufficient. Craig Macmillan 21:04 Oh, when I forgot ot ask, What do you been using the compost for? Where's the finished product been going? Patrick Muran 21:09 Right? Yeah, that's kind of going both into our garden or vegetable garden that we use for the restaurant and out in the vineyard. So they're applying it both aspects. And then I'm also making some compost tea or extract that I'm using to apply in the vineyard as well. The whole idea is, is really biology, you're trying to build the biology to support the plant that you're wanting to grow. And this is a great way to get the microorganisms that do the nutrient cycling and promote water holding capacity of the soil, suppress weeds. I mean, it's it's there's so many wins in the successful application of compost in those microorganisms to the soil. It's pretty cool stuff. Craig Macmillan 21:57 Are you measuring that to see if there's changes over the time? Like maybe you're doing some kind of trial or experiment? Patrick Muran 22:03 Yeah, yeah, we're working on on trying to assess this from a biological standpoint, what we're doing, what type of impact is that making? And how do you quantify that? There's a lot of discussion on that right now, what organisms matter what organisms don't matter? What is that nutrient cycling? Like? are you introducing harmful organisms to the, to the process? Yeah, we're trying to get answers both from a metabolic standpoint, just like metabolically, what's the activity in that soil, and then we're also doing it just by cell counts, and biological counts out there. Ultimately, we'd like to see long term what the impact is on the vine, as well. So we're trying to segment out different different blocks in our vineyard and assess what the yield is like what the cane weights are like what you know, the growth is like, and possibly even water holding capacity of the soil in the future. Craig Macmillan 23:08 What is the number one like challenge or obstacle that you've had to overcome with this whole program? Patrick Muran 23:12 It's like anything, just just getting off the ground, you know, like trying, failing, trying and failing. Doing it over and over again, it did take some time to get comfortable with like these types of assessments because I don't have like the analytical tools like to do it. So there is a little bit of a touch feel component. So just being comfortable going out there and saying, we need moisture, we need 200 gallons on this pile, you know, it needs to be turned today, you know, that sort of stuff, keeping things from going anaerobic is is really key that promotes a loss of nutrients, organisms that that are not going to help your plan all these things and keeping things in an aerobic manner on that aerobic side is, is very important as well. So it's just trial and error and getting those compositions moisture and size. Craig Macmillan 24:11 That sounds like patience is an important part of this little in the willingness to keep trying, which I think is an important. Patrick Muran 24:17 Wine making should be a good base of knowledge because it's also an act of patience. You know, these these compost piles will take a couple of months. I mean, fermentations and aging takes a couple of years. Craig Macmillan 24:30 I do love the overlap. I've never thought of it this way. But I really do love the love the idea that the kind of the training and experience in one field can apply to another than some of the same kind of concepts in terms of like, hey, I have something that's alive, and I need to keep it alive. And I need to be patient as it does its thing. It reminds me of like a sluggish fermat you just have faith. You're gonna get through it. You know, just keep keep trying and try different things. Is there one piece of advice that you'd give someone who to start producing compost on site, either at the vineyard or the winery. Patrick Muran 25:03 Yeah, I mean, I, my advice would really be just to start, like just getting a sense of even a small pile, like something you can manage and screw up and not have much consequence, just start small. It will help inform you on, like how you can shift the dynamic, based upon what you add to it, you know how much moisture it takes to kind of get this thing together. And then also recognize when you scale, things are going to change a little bit, because the size is going to change and the whole, the whole dynamic is going to change when to scale to like a windrow size. Just as get started, like we started with wire, mesh kind of hardware cloth piles built on pallets basically and, and just learn from it. And it was a bit of work. But I mean, you could do a really small one in in the yard, just to get a sense of it, keeping it aerobic learning the kind of the warning signs of when things go anaerobic, keeping consistent moisture content, that kind of stuff, you'll know if you got it right, or you got it wrong. I mean, it's, it's pretty apparent. And we and we screwed plenty up and re composted, um, you know, a few times over each time you learn a little bit from the process. Craig Macmillan 26:22 Where can people find out more about you and more about what you do. Patrick Muran 26:25 I mean, as far as education goes, I would really reach out to either Davis or Cal Poly, find out what they're doing, they'll give you a nice baseline where to start, and maybe the education that can help you not learn the hard way, I would really go to those groups first. Obviously, there's a lot of online type of stuff. And this is this is a dangerous thing. So I would really pick maybe some organic standards, there's some good worksheets on making organic compost put out by the NOP like National Organic Standards and, and things of that nature, that would be a good place to start. Because you could go down a YouTube rabbit hole with thermal composting and the different ways I think that was my struggle to begin with was the subjectivity it became a subjective form. And it's like, wow, no, I think that there's a little more, there's a little more precision here that than just again, throwing it in a bucket and leaving it for six months. And coming back, there is a little more science to it. Craig Macmillan 27:30 And I do want to underline that there is so much so much more information and much higher quality information than there wasn't even 10 years ago. And so there's a lot of resources out there. And I think you're right, you have to be selective and decide what stuff is useful. And going to folks that have you know, the background and the science behind it. And there's a lot of that there. And so that's, I think we're living in what's going to become a golden age of composting here. There's more and more people do it. And there's more and more experienced this more and more ways of trying it. I think that's really exciting. And I really compliment you for the work that you've put in and sticking with it because like you said, you have to be patient and you have to try things and you're gonna fail and you have to just keep going. That's how you learn. You know, you gotta you gotta crawl before you walk, walk before you run. But that's our time for today. Our guest today was Patrick Muran, winemaker at Niner Wine Estates where he's been composting material on site for quite a while now has learned a ton and I really appreciate you being on the podcast, Patrick. Patrick Muran 28:22 Absolutely. Craig happy to happy to be here and happy to be supportive of anybody out there trying this and want to reach out to me do whatever I can to help steer you out of the potholes. Craig Macmillan 28:35 Well, we will have a lot of information also on the end links on the site. So there's a lot of resources out there. Transcribed by https://otter.ai
Parasites: they're seen as blood suckers, freeloaders and the worst kind of groupies, writes parasitologist Scott Gardner. And though they can be dangerous, they're also "unseen influencers," essential to food webs and in some cases even beneficial to human health. We learn about the surprising world of parasites with Gardner, whose new book is “Parasites: The Inside Story.” Guests: Scott Gardner, professor of biological sciences and Curator of Parasites, H.W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Nebraska; author, "Parasites: The Inside Story" Henry M. Wu, associate professor of medicine and infectious diseases specialist, Emory University School of Medicine; director, the Emory TravelWell Center
Many people are becoming selective about what gets injected into their bodies, but don't think twice about having their animals vaccinated. Dr. Ruth Roberts joins me again today to talk about which vaccinations and flea, tick, and heartworm medications are necessary and which are not. She also explains how to incorporate mindfulness into our pet's daily routine. Options for environmental control against ticks and fleas: Nematodes that eat the eggs and larvae Borax or diatomaceous earth Growth regulators that prevent fleas from forming a protective layer Capstar tablets Insect growth regulators to be given orally (Lufenuron) Amber collars 0BugZone electromagnetic collars About Dr. Roberts: Dr. Ruth Roberts has supported thousands of dogs and cats to overcome health hurdles like kidney disease, GI Illness, allergies, and cancer. Her natural approach to healing creates a gentle yet effective path for your pet to take on their journey to well-being. Dr. Ruth created The Original CrockPet Diet, a balanced home-cooked diet for pets, as the foundation of health. Dr. Ruth will help you to develop a health plan for your pet via e-learning, videos on a range of health topics, and One on One coaching. In this episode: How long the duration of immunity is for pets, and what that means. (30:56) What distemper and parvo are. (32:34) What happens when a person or a pet gets rabies. (35:37) How to dose a pet with Thuja. (37:00) What a titer is and what it tests for. (38:14) Should we back off with vaccines for low-risk animals or non-responders? (40:56) Why a kennel cough vaccination may be necessary. (43:20) Whether or not dogs need to be vaccinated against leptospirosis and Lyme disease. (44:45) Alternatives for tick and flea control. (51:20) Options for environmental control of ticks and fleas. (53:28) Heartworm prevention for dogs. (56:37) Incorporating mindfulness into your pet's daily routine. (58:24) Links and resources: Dr. Ruth Roberts's website Follow Dr. Ruth Roberts on Instagram/ Twitter/ LinkedIn/ Facebook/ TikTok/ YouTube Free PDF download: When Not to Take Your Pet to the ER Vet Get a 10% discount with CODE DRSTEPHANIEGRAY for The Original CrockPet Diet Follow Your Longevity Blueprint on Instagram | Facebook | Twitter | YouTube | LinkedIn Get your copy of the Your Longevity Blueprint book and claim your bonuses here Find Dr. Stephanie Gray and Your Longevity Blueprint online Follow Dr. Stephanie Gray on Facebook | Instagram | Youtube | Twitter | LinkedIn Integrative Health and Hormone Clinic Podcast production by Team Podcast
A chat with Christy Wilhelmi. In This Garden Chat: Now is the perfect time to get a 'kick in the pants' on starting back into our fall gardening. Christy Wilhelmi, frequent Urban Farm Podcast guest and author of Garden Variety, joins us for this month's Garden Chat to help dig into different aspects about one of the best times to garden. She details her garden planning process and tells us what she likes to plant and how she decides when to plant it. Christy also has plenty of tips for taking full advantage of this prime growing season no matter where you live. On the last Tuesday every month we host The Urban Farm Garden Chats where Greg Peterson has a relaxed conversation in a Zoom room with a special guest to cover useful gardening topics, and they answer questions from the live listening audience. To join us for the next event, go to www.GardenChat.org or Click HERE to register for the Monthly Garden Chat with Live Q&A Our Special Guest:Christy Wilhelmi is the founder of Gardenerd, the ultimate resource for garden nerds, where she publishes her newsletters, her popular blog, top-ranked podcasts, and YouTube videos. She also specializes in small-space, organic vegetable garden design, consulting, and classes. Between 70-80 percent of her family's produce comes from her garden of less than 300 square feet. She is author of Gardening for Geeks, 400+ Tips for Organic Gardening Success, Grow Your Own Mini Fruit Garden, and just released in February 2022 is her debut novel Garden Variety (William Morrow/Harper Collins).
A chat with Suzanne Bontempo. In This Garden Chat: Bugs play a vital role in the health of an ecosystem, and with a little strategic planting, we can invite the "good" ones to join us in our own growing spaces. Join us as we talk with Suzanne Bontempo about planning ahead for bugs, how to recognize the difference between pests and beneficial insects, and how to encourage the ones we want for our garden ecosystems. On the last Tuesday every month we host The Urban Farm Garden Chats where Greg Peterson has a relaxed conversation in a Zoom room with a special guest to cover useful gardening topics, and they answer questions from the live listening audience. To join us for the next event, go to www.GardenChat.org or Click HERE to register for the Monthly Garden Chat with Live Q&A Our Special Guest:Suzanne Bontempo works as an environmental educator, teaching the principles of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) for sustainable, eco-friendly pest management around the home and garden. Suzanne, owner of Plant Harmony and program manager for Our Water Our World was recognized for excellence in her field winning the 2013 CA IPM Innovators Award. She has worked as a professional gardener for over 25 years. She loves teaching folks how to grow bountiful gardens that are also safe and healthy for you, your family, and the environment.
Nematodes are one of the least studied participants in the soil food web. On this episode of Shaping Fire, host Shango Los speaks with nematologist Ernie Bernard PhD about nematode physiology and habits, beneficial attributes like protecting against pests and creating rich soil, and how to keep parasitic nematodes from becoming established in your garden.
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