Podcasts about antimicrobial agents

On episode #82 of the Infectious Disease Puscast, Daniel and Sara review the infectious disease literature for the weeks of 5/22 – 6/4/25. Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Sara Dong Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of Puscast! Links for this episode Viral Estimated Current and Future Congenital Rubella Syndrome Incidence with and Without Rubella Vaccine Introduction — 19 Countries, 2019–2055 (CDC: MMWR) HIV-Superinfection in Kidney Transplant Recipients with HIV who Received Organs from Donors with HIV (JID) Respiratory syncytial virus: an under-recognized healthcare-associated infection (Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology) Bacterial Francisella tularensis Subspecies holarctica in Stranded Beluga Whales, Cook Inlet, Alaska, USA (CDC: Emerging Infectious Diseases) Long-term effects of azithromycin mass administration to reduce childhood mortality on Streptococcus pneumoniae antimicrobial resistance (LANCET: Infectious Diseases) Reducing inappropriate antibiotic use in febrile neutropenia in hematology patients through the implementation of an antibiotic de-escalation protocol (Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology) Optimizing cefazolin dosing for central nervous system infections: insights from population pharmacokinetics and Monte Carlo simulations (Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy) Fungal The Last of US Season 2 (YouTube) Histoplasma antigenuria prevalence in patients with advanced HIV disease in Côted'Ivoire (CID) Interferon-γ therapy in patients with refractory disseminated coccidioidomycosis(CID) Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Antibody and antigen detection methods for dimorphic fungal infections (Clinical Microbiology Reviews) Parasitic Notes from the Field: Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis Associated with Nasal Irrigation Using Water from a Recreational Vehicle — Texas, 2024 (CDC: MMWR) Further Evidence for Plausible Transmission of Fishborne Trematodiases in the United States: Game Fish Carry Human-Infectious Trematodes and Are Eaten Raw (JID) Miscellaneous A pilot study of coughing into the shirt to disrupt respiratory pathogen transmission (International Journal Of Emergency Medicine) Applying new compound to bed nets targets malaria parasites, not mosquitoes (CIDRAP) Music is by Ronald Jenkees Information on this podcast should not be considered as medical advice.

In the last decade, there have been major changes in the approach of the treatment of pneumonia, in particular, with the availability of new diagnostic tools. Additionally, new drugs have been approved for the treatment of pneumonia. We discuss the approach to the management of pneumonia with a person who has spent most of his professional career working on this topic. Topics discussed: Definitions and nomenclature of pneumonia and evolution of these terms Changes in the diagnosis of pneumonia Ttherapeutic changes and future approaches for the treatment of pneumonia. Guest: Daniel M Musher, M.D. Links: ASM and IDSA launch the Interdisciplinary Meeting on Antimicrobial Resistance and Innovation (IMARI) in 2026 This episode is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Journal.  Visit asm.org/aac to browse issues and/or submit a manuscript. If you plan to publish in AAC, ASM Members get up to 50% off publishing fees. Visit asm.org/joinasm to sign up.

2024 was a very active year on research in antimicrobial resistance, highlighted by an impactful and high level political declaration to combat antimicrobial resistance by the United Nations. In this episode, trainees from NIH-funded training program (T32) on antimicrobial resistance will help me discuss the most relevant research on the field in the year 2024. Welcome to editors in conversation! Topics discussed: The best papers of 2024 in gram-positive, gram-negative, mycobacterial and parasite resistance Guests: Nathalie Chen: University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA Alex Kang: Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX Nathan Rabbe: University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA Taylor Blackburn: Emory University, Atlanta, GA Jacon McPherson: University of Houston, Houston, TX. Harrison Lee, MD: Associate Chief of Epidemiology and Microbial Genomics, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, Director, Center for Genomic Epidemiology, Director, T32 AMR, U of Pittsburgh William Shafer, PhD: Professor, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Co-Director, Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center. Director T32 AMR, Emory University This episode is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Journal.  Visit asm.org/aac to browse issues and/or submit a manuscript. If you plan to publish in AAC, ASM Members get up to 50% off publishing fees. Visit asm.org/joinasm to sign up.

durée : 00:02:12 - Le billet sciences - La publication de cette étude avait suscité de grands espoirs à l'époque, alors que la pandémie de Covid-19 et toutes les incertitudes qui l'accompagnaient se répandaient dans le monde. Largement critiquée depuis, la revue "International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents", qui avait publié l'étude controversée sur l'hydroxychloroquine, vient tout juste de se rétracter.

Lack of access to antibiotics including those with enhanced activity against multidrug-resistant organisms is a major barrier to combat antimicrobial resistance, particularly in the developing world. Furthermore, discovering and making available new antimicrobial agents against the most pressing antibiotic-resitant organisms is a challenge due to multiple barriers. The Global Antibiotic Research & Development Partnership (GARDP) accelerates the development and access of treatments for drug-resistant bacterial infections. Together with public, private and non-profit partners, GARDP works to preserve the power of antibiotics for generations to come. We discuss the important role that GARDP is playing in the worldwide fight against antimicrobial resistance. Topics discussed: GARDP function and role in the AMR field The strategies that GARDP is implementing to make new antibiotics available to all The future of antimicrobial research and development and the role of GARDP in this process. Guests: Jennifer Cohn MD MPH, Director, Global Access Global Antibiotic R&D Partnership (GARDP) Susana Ribeiro, MPH, Regional Head Latin America Global Antibiotic R&D Partnership (GARDP) This episode is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Journal.  Visit asm.org/aac to browse issues and/or submit a manuscript. If you plan to publish in AAC, ASM Members get up to 50% off publishing fees. Visit asm.org/joinasm to sign up.

The second High-Level Meeting on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) took place in New York on 26 September 2024 as the principal official, health-focused event during the UN General Assembly high-level week. The intergovernmental negotiations for the declaration were co-facilitated by Malta and Barbados. A political declaration for the meeting was produced highlighting the fact that AMR will cause even more global suffering, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. In this episode we will debrief and analyze the possible impact of these meetings and consequences for the future of AMR research and antimicrobial development.  Topics discussed: The political implications of the UN declaration on AMR. Comment of the scientific and public health impact of the declaration Elaborate on future antimicrobial research and development Guests: John Rex, MD. Chief Medical Officer, F2G Ltd; Operating Partner, Advent Life Sciences Prabha Fernandes, PhD. Board Member of GARDP (Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership). Links: HLM on AMR at UNGA: The end of the beginning 29 April 2024: “R&D Implications: Global Burden of Disease is 28% Infectious!” 27 Sep 2024: “Without action, AMR costs go from $66b to $159b/yr by 2050” This episode is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy journal.  Visit asm.org/aac to browse issues and/or submit a manuscript. If you plan to publish in AAC, ASM Members get up to 50% off publishing fees. Visit asm.org/joinasm to sign up.

Heteroresistance is a phenomenon that has been well characterized for many years. However, we are only now starting to understand its mechanistic basis. Indeed, the manner how bacteria respond to antibiotics is complex and phenomena such as persistance, tolerance may be overlapping with heteroresistance. Furthermore, heteroresistance seems to be common in real clinical scenarios and understanding its basis is likely to open new avenues on how we deploy antibacterials in clinical practice., Today, we have experts in the field to discuss this important topic. Watch this episode at https://youtu.be/qcIcyn1bIHU. Topics discussed: The differences between heteroresistance, persistence and tolerance The mechanistic basis both in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria The clinical implication and diagnosis of heteroresistance Guests: David Weiss, Ph.D. Professor of Medicine and Director Center for Antimicrobial Resistance, Emory University School Of Medicine, Atlanta. GA. William Miller, MD. Assistant Professor of Medicine, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY. Links: Cefiderocol heteroresistance associated with mutations in TonB-dependent receptor genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa of clinical origin This episode is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy journal.  Visit asm.org/aac to browse issues and/or submit a manuscript. If you plan to publish in AAC, ASM Members get up to 50% off publishing fees. Visit asm.org/joinasm to sign up. Follow Cesar on twitter at https://twitter.com/SuperBugDoc for AAC updates.  Subscribe to the podcast at https://asm.org/eic.

The pipeline of antibiotic discovery is a major necessity due to the continuous evolution of resistance to currently used antimicrobials. This pipeline faces important challenges due to the lack of investment on antimicrobial research in the private sector and an economic model that discourages investment. In the last few years, however, encouraging signs are occurring but major gaps still remain. The World Health Organization has regularly assessed the preclinical and clinical antibacterial development pipeline and the latest report is now available in the journal, lets discuss it! Watch this episode: https://youtu.be/IgqWmHDIx-0 Topics discussed: The process for review of the antibacterial pipeline. The progress and gaps in antibiotic discovery The opportunities to overcome the numerous hurdles in the early stages of the antibacterial research and development space Guest: Valeria Gigante Ph.D., Team Lead at the World Health Organization's (WHO) in the AMR Division, Geneva, Switzerland. Link: Multi-year analysis of the global preclinical antibacterial pipeline: trends and gaps. This episode is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy journal available at aac.asm.org. If you plan to publish in AAC, ASM Members get up to 50% off publishing fees. Visit asm.org/membership to sign up. Visit journals.asm.org/journal/aac to browse issues and/or submit a manuscript.

Matt Neumann, PharmD outlines recommendations to manage patients with penicillin and other antimicrobial allergy labels.   For more pharmacy content, follow Mayo Clinic Pharmacy Residency Programs @MayoPharmRes. You can also connect with the Mayo Clinic's School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on X @MayoMedE

Antimicrobial resistance is a priority public health problem with complex roots and connotations. However, due to a lack of focus on this topic, research training programs, specifically those focused on AMR are limited. Additionally, scientific meetings that particularly highlight the science of antimicrobial resistance are scarce. We recently published a commentary that evaluates the state-of-the-art of the training programs in AMR in the US. We discuss this topic with the leading author and discussed the issue with leaders in the field. Topics discussed: The challenges that training in AMR poses and how to approach them. The current status of training programs in the USA Specific strategies that could improve the access and dissemination of AMR research  Guest: William M Shafer, PhD,  Professor, Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Director Antimicrobial Resistance and Therapeutic Discovery Training Program. Lee H. Harrison, M.D. Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, Associate chief of epidemiology and education Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. Director University of Pittsburgh Antimicrobial Resistance T32 Program Links: Ensuring a sustained workforce to combat antibiotic resistance in the 21st century: the critical need for training the next-gen of scientists at the pre-doctoral level This episode is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy journal available at aac.asm.org. If you plan to publish in AAC, ASM Members get up to 50% off publishing fees. Visit asm.org/membership to sign up. Visit journals.asm.org/journal/aac to browse issues and/or submit a manuscript.

Phage therapy has gained a lot of traction but the challenges created by this approach have not been properly assessed at a big scale. We often read about therapy successes on isolated cases but, rarely, we read or hear about failures. AAC recently published a case series of patients who failed phage therapy. Today, we will discuss this topic with the principal investigator on the research. Topics discussed: Phage therapy as an approach for MDR bacteria. The challenges of phage therapies. Issues that can influence the success of phage therapy Guest: Saima Aslam, MBBS. Director, Solid Organ Transplant Infectious Diseases Service, Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Diego. Article: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ventricular assist device infections: findings from ineffective phage therapies in five cases https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/aac.01728-23 Questions Answered: How are we doing with phage therapy at this point? What are the challenges to deploy phage therapy in clinical settings? The 5 cases of failure of phage therapy in patients with LVADs summarized What factors did Dr. Aslam identify that were related with the failure? How do you develop neutralization against phages and how can you prevent it?   Bacterial isolates with varying phage susceptibility, how can this be detected? What did Dr. Aslam learn? Future research This episode is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy journal available at aac.asm.org. If you plan to publish in AAC, ASM Members get up to 50% off publishing fees. Visit asm.org/membership to sign up. Visit journals.asm.org/journal/aac to browse issues and/or submit a manuscript.

On episode #51 of the Infectious Disease Puscast, Daniel and Sara review the infectious disease literature for the weeks of 3/13 – 3/27/24. Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Sara Dong Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of Puscast! Links for this episode Viral The oral antiviral obeldesivir protects NHPs against Sudan ebolavirus (Science) Monoclonal antibody therapy to treat Ebola virus disease (Curr Opinion Vir) Opinion of anti-Sudan ebolavirus antiviral therapy (Science) Management of norovirus in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplants (Transplant ID) Bacterial Bacteremia from urinary source in hospitalized adults with asymptomatic bacteriuria?(JAMA) UTI research reference standards (Lancet Infectious Diseases) Aspiration pneumonia (CHEST) Household transmission of Strep A (JID) Antimicrobial dosing recommendations for obese patients (Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy) Syphilis testing (MMWR) Predictors of morality from streptococcal bacteremia (CID) Fungal Invasive candidiasis (Nat Rev Disease Primer) Climate change and natural disasters impact on fungal infections (Lancet Microbe) Parasitic Nasal flushing and Acanthamoeba infection (Emerging Infectious Diseases) Miscellaneous Vaccination guidelines for adults with cancer (Journal of Clinical Oncology) Do multiplexed molecular diagnostic tools impact treatment for children with acute gastroenteritis? (CID) Music is by Ronald Jenkees

Tuberculosis is one of the most deadly infectious diseases that still causes significant burden of disease, particularly in the developing world.  The emergence of resistance to first line agents severely limits the therapeutic options and threaten the ability to control dissemination of this disease. Fortunately, new drugs and regimens are now emerging as important alternatives against these organisms.  Today, we will discuss this topic with outstanding experts in the field. Welcome to the editors in conversation. Topics discussed: The burden of multidrug-resistant TB. New drugs and regimens for MDR TB. The current and future pipeline for TB Guests: Kelly Dooley, MD Ph.D.  Professor and Addison B. Scoville, Jr., Chair in Medicine, Director, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Past Editor of AAC Sean Wasserman, MD Ph.D, Reader in Infectious Diseases at St Georges University of London and Associate Professor in the Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine at University of Cape Town, SA. Editor of AAC. This episode is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy journal available at aac.asm.org. If you plan to publish in AAC, ASM Members get up to 50% off publishing fees. Visit asm.org/membership to sign up. Visit journals.asm.org/journal/aac to browse issues and/or submit a manuscript. Subscribe to Editors in Conversation (free) on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Android, Spotify, Email.

A new generation of B-lactamase inhibitors is likely to reach the market in the upcoming year. These broad-spectrum inhibitors exhibit activity against the most feared class B metallo-B-lactamases maintaining the inhibition of other enzymes. Recently AAC has published three papers that describe the mechanistic bases of taniborbactam resistance among metallo-enzymes. This knowledge is crucial to understand the limitation of these compounds in clinical practice. Today, we will discuss this topic with some of the authors of the mentioned papers. Welcome to the editors in conversation. Topics discussed: The activity and chemical basis of new generation B-lactamase inhibitors with activity against metallo-B-lactamases. Taniborbactam as an example of novel B-lactam, B-lactam inhibitors Mechanisms of resistance to taniborbactam and other inhibitors Guest: Robert Bonomo, MD.  Director of the VA CARES Center and Distinguished Professor at Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine. Past Editor of AAC Pranita Tamma, MD MPH. Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Editor of AAC Alejandro Vila, PhD Professor of Biophysics, Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Rosario, CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina This episode of Editors in Conversation is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Journal and hosted by AAC Editor in Chief, Cesar Arias.  AAC is available at https://asm.org/aac.  Follow Cesar on twitter at https://twitter.com/SuperBugDoc for AAC updates.  Subscribe to the podcast at https://asm.org/eic

Prophylactic, therapeutic, and empiric use of antimicrobial agents by AORNJournal

Synes du også resistens er vanskelig? Fatt mot og bli med oss i Pestpodden på en reise gjennom resistensen! I anledning Antibiotikauken 2023 har vi nemlig to spesialepisoder. I del èn får du en enkel intro til antimikrobiell resistens - mens i del to intervjuer vi en av verdens fremste eksperter og forskere på feltet; Adam Roberts. Gled deg!Referanser:1.Barlow M, Hall BG. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the OXA beta-lactamase genes have been on plasmids for millions of years. J Mol Evol. 2002;55(3):314-21.2.D'Costa VM, King CE, Kalan L, Morar M, Sung WW, Schwarz C, et al. Antibiotic resistance is ancient. Nature. 2011;477(7365):457-61.3. Holmes AH, Moore LS, Sundsfjord A, Steinbakk M, Regmi S, Karkey A, et al. Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance. Lancet. 2016;387(10014):176-87.4.Woerther PL, Andremont A, Kantele A. Travel-acquired ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae: impact of colonization at individual and community level. J Travel Med. 2017;24(suppl_1):S29-s34.5.NORM/NORM-VET 2022. Usage of Antimicrobial Agents and Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Norway. Tromsø / Oslo 2023. ISSN:1502-2307 (print) / 1890-9965 (electronic). . 2022.7. https://atlas.ecdc.europa.eu/public/index.aspx?Dataset=27&HealthTopic=48.Antimicrobial Resistance C. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis. Lancet. 2022;399(10325):629-55. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In the last few years we have witnessed the rise of very resistant fungal species some of them likely influenced by environmental conditions and climate change. Fortunately, there has been a bit of an explosion in the development of new antifungals and the pipeline has been strengthened in the last decade. We will have the ability to have new molecules with distinct and novel mechanisms of action in the near future that may contribute to combat recalcitrant fungal infections. Topics discussed: The overall threat of fungal resistance. The antifungal pipeline in the last few years. New promising antifungals Guests: Andreas Groll, MD PhD, Professor of Pediatrics, Head of the Infectious Disease Research Programme and Deputy Director of the Department of Haematology/Oncology at the University Children's Hospital in Münster, Germany. Editor AAC This episode of Editors in Conversation is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Journal and hosted by AAC Editor in Chief, Cesar Arias.  AAC is available at https://asm.org/aac.  Follow Cesar on twitter at https://twitter.com/SuperBugDoc for AAC updates.  Subscribe to the podcast at https://asm.org/eic

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to change the way we practice medicine and public health. The tools and AI approaches can substantially impact a broad range of fields from the manner we approach patient care to strategies to discover new antimicrobials, track pandemics and deploy public health measures. AAC recently published a commentary on the impact of AI in infectious diseases and we have a conversation with the lead author of the manuscript and a expert guest who is applying these concepts in real time.    Topics discussed: Basic concepts of AI and different applications. How AI can affect the practice of infectious diseases and antimicrobial research. Specific examples in which AI may have a transformative effect in the future. Guests: Lilian Abbo, MD MBA. Associate CMO Infectious Diseases, Professor of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Jackson Health System, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami Transplant Institute Masayuki Nigo, MD, MSc.  Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Section of Transplant Infectious Diseases. This episode is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy journal available at aac.asm.org. If you plan to publish in AAC, ASM Members get up to 50% off publishing fees. Visit asm.org/membership to sign up. Visit journals.asm.org/journal/aac to browse issues and/or submit a manuscript.

In response to the global burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the critical role antimicrobial stewardship plays in optimizing antibiotic use and reducing the subsequent emergence of AMR, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy is excited to add a new section to the journal focused on antimicrobial stewardship studies. Combatting the devastating burden of AMR requires novel, multipronged approaches from clinicians and scientists alike. Launching this new section is an important step in disseminating cutting-edge research that will have notable implications in the global fight against antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. Topics discussed: The role of antimicrobial stewardship in preventing emerging of resistance. The types of high-quality manuscripts that AAC is seeking in this area. Encourage excellence in antimicrobial stewardship research. Guests: Pranita Tamma, MD MPH, Associate Professor of Pediatrics Director, Pediatric Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MA, Editor AAC. Ryan Shields PharmD, MS.  Associate Professor of Medicine, Co-Director, Antibiotic Management Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Editor AAC. This episode is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy journal available at aac.asm.org. If you plan to publish in AAC, ASM Members get up to 50% off publishing fees. Visit asm.org/membership to sign up. Visit journals.asm.org/journal/aac to browse issues and/or submit a manuscript.

Ingrid og Jørgen tar en kort gjennomgang av vanlige myter og misforståelser rundt antibiotika – som mange kanskje er klar over og tar for gitt - men som henger ved, likevel og derfor trenger oppklaring.Referanser:Høye S. Myteknusing tar tid. Tidsskr Nor Legeforen 2017 137: 680Wenzel M. Do we really understand how antibiotics work?Future Microbiol 2020 Sep;15:1307-1311. doi: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0324. Epub 2020 Sep 22.Fjeld H, Raknes G. Er det virkelig farlig å kombinere metronidazol og alkohol?Tidsskr Nor Legeforen 2014 134:1661-3 doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.14.0081 https://www.antibiotika.no/antibiotika-og-alkohol-2/ (Publisert 21.10.19)Høye S. Knus mytene om antibiotika. https://sykepleien.no/meninger/2021/07/knus-mytene-om-antibiotika (publisert 13.07.21)https://www.dagensmedisin.no/infeksjoner/vil-knuse-antibiotika-myte/527170 (publisert 18.10.17)Jørum E. The Sun King's anal fistula Tidsskr Nor Legeforen 2016 136:1244-7 doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.15.0312https://oslo-universitetssykehus.no/avdelinger/medisinsk-klinikk/lungemedisinsk-avdeling-ulleval/regionalt-senter-for-astma-allergi-og-overfolsomhet/penicillinallergi-fake-news (Publisert 17.11.2020 / Sist oppdatert 21.10.2022)https://sykepleien.no/2021/06/mange-har-cave-penicillin-i-journalen (publisert 27.06.2021)Midtvedt T. Bekymringsmelding om antibiotika i kyllingfôr. Tidsskr Nor Legeforen 2015 135:742 doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.15.0196NORM/NORM-VET 2021. Usage of Antimicrobial Agents and Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Norway. Tromsø / Oslo 2022. ISSN:1502-2307 (print) / 1890-9965 (electronic). https://www.saveourantibiotics.org/media/1739/farm-antibiotic-use-in-spain.pdf (lest 20.03.23) Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Recorded at ASM Microbe 2023, Cesar has a conversation with Dr. Maria Elena Bottazzi about the role of minority women in science and discovery, the journey of Hispanic women in science and the current challenges posed by society to deliver science and global health equity. Guest: Dr. Maria Elena Bottazzi - Sr. Associate Dean of the National School of Tropical Medicine at Baylor College of Medicine, Distinguished Professor of Biology at Baylor University, Waco This episode is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy journal available at aac.asm.org. If you plan to publish in AAC, ASM Members get up to 50% off publishing fees. Visit asm.org/membership to sign up. Visit journals.asm.org/journal/aac to browse issues and/or submit a manuscript.

As the number of immunocompromised patients rise in our hospitals, the presentation of severe infections caused by HSV and CMV are rising. Most importantly, lack of response and documented resistance are becoming more frequently observed. Topics discussed: The clinical problems caused by resistant HSV and CMV infections. Mechanisms of resistance in these organisms. Insights into novel therapeutic approaches to treat resistant gonococcal infections. Guests: Christine M. Johnston, MD, MPH - Associate Professor Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Adjunct Associate Professor, Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Roy Chemaly, MD, MPH - Professor of Medicine, Chief Infection Control Officer, Director, Clinical Virology Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX. This episode is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy journal available at aac.asm.org. If you plan to publish in AAC, ASM Members get up to 50% off publishing fees. Visit asm.org/membership to sign up. Visit journals.asm.org/journal/aac to browse issues and/or submit a manuscript.

Susceptibility testing for piperacillin-tazobactam has undergone rapid evolution, largely driven by some surprising results from the MERINO trial, which compared the efficacy of piperacillin-tazobactam and meropenem for treatment of patients with ceftriaxone-resistant E. coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia. We discuss how the results of the MERINO trial led to reconsideration of breakpoints for pipercillin-tazobactam at the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute, or CLSI, how the breakpoints were changed, and how well commercial platforms perform piperacillin-tazobactam testing using FDA or CLSI breakpoints. Spoiler alert: the news isn't great. If you are interested in beta-lactam/beta lactamase combinations, you should check out the previous episode of this podcast, hosted by our friend Dr. Cesar Arias, the Editor-in-Chief of Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Cesar and the guests did a great review of recent developments in this fast-moving area. Guests: Dr. Trish Simner - Director of the Medical Bacteriology and Infectious Disease Sequencing Laboratories, Johns Hopkins Hospital Dr. Romney Humphries - Director of the Division of Laboratory Medicine and the Medical Director of the Microbiology Laboratory at Vanderbilt University Medical Center.

The Center of Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) has categorized emergent resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae as an “urgent” public health problem. We discuss the emerging problem of gonorrhea and implications for public health with experts in the field Topics discussed: The clinical implications of resistance to B-lactams and quinolones in Neisseria gonorrhoeae Mechanisms of resistance in these organisms Insights into therapeutic approaches to treat resistant gonococcal infections. Guests: William M. Shafer, Professor, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Co-Director, Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center Yonatan Grad, Melvin J. and Geraldine L. Glimcher Associate Professor of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health This episode is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy journal available at aac.asm.org. If you plan to publish in AAC, ASM Members get up to 50% off publishing fees. Visit asm.org/membership to sign up. Visit journals.asm.org/journal/aac to browse issues and/or submit a manuscript.

Novel β-lactamase/β-lactamase inhibitors have become critical drugs to combat the most resistant Gram-negative infections. A series of new compounds with even more broad and potent activity are in the horizon to add to the therapeutic armamentarium. Today, we will discuss these drugs with experts in the field. Topics discussed: BL/BLI combinations that are currently available in clinical practice. Future perspectives of BL/BLI armamentarium. Resistance developing for this class of antibiotics. Guests: Robert Bonomo. Professor, Department of Medicine, Pharmacology and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Director of VA CARES Center, Cleveland, OH Patricia A. Bradford Antimicrobial Development Specialists LLC, Nyack, New York, USA This episode is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy journal available at aac.asm.org. If you plan to publish in AAC, ASM Members get up to 50% off publishing fees. Visit asm.org/membership to sign up. Visit journals.asm.org/journal/aac to browse issues and/or submit a manuscript.

Today, I am blessed to have here with me Damon Sununtnasuk. He is the founder and CEO of the Sunt Group and Palmara Health which is previously named Nature Cure Labs. He has received numerous awards and recognitions in 2020. These awards include but are not limited to Company of the Year - Health Products & Services, Health & Wellness Nutrition Manufacturer of the Year, 10 Most Influential CEOs in 2022, and many more. Damon is also part of the board of directors of the University of Florida Alumni Association. Damon was born and raised in Florida where he graduated Magna Cum Laude from the University of Florida with the degree of Bachelor of Science in Business Administration. He had an opportunity to live overseas which is why he was able to take his Master of Business Administration at the University of Cambridge.  After living overseas, Damon came back to the United States in the year 2015. During this time, he experienced various serendipity. One of them is not having a way of looking after his health. At the time, he was also surrounded by the technological industry, entrepreneurial spirit, and startups. Aside from that, his group of friends was also into MCTs for health purposes which triggered his curiosity. There was even a time when he discovered "oil pulling" which is the process of putting coconut oil in the mouth for 10 minutes before spitting it out to help remove dirt and help maintain the health of your teeth and gums. After these events, he began to research MCTs where he was able to discover the different therapeutic benefits of Medium-Chain Triglycerides. Together with his desire to improve his health and the will to help others, he was able to establish his company in 2015. Currently, they have 3 manufacturing facilities and 35 warehouses in the United States. In this episode, Damon discusses Medium-Chain Triglycerides, specifically Monolaurin, and their role and benefits to the body. He talks about different studies about it and briefly discusses how these supplements are collected and made. He also mentions the Monolaurin product that his company offers. Get your monolaurin supplements with a discount here: Visit https://www.naturalcurelabs.com/products/?ref=KetoKamp Use the coupon code ketokamp for 10% off Take my FREE toxicity quiz to determine your level of toxicity. Visit www.toxicmiami.com for the free quiz. / / E P I S O D E   S P ON S O R S  Paleo Valley beef sticks, apple cider vinegar complex, organ meat complex & more. Use the coupon code KETOKAMP15 over at https://paleovalley.com/ to receive 15% off your entire order. Upgraded Formulas Upgraded Magnesium & Charge Electrolyte Supplements: http://www.upgradedformulas.com Use KK15 at checkout for 15% off your order.  Text me the words "Podcast" +1 (786) 364-5002 to be added to my contacts list.  [03:36] Medium Chain Triglycerides and its Benefits in the Body Plant fats contain medium chain triglycerides, coconut oil is a common example. 90% of the fats in coconut oil are saturated fats in which 50% of these saturated fats are MCTs. The health benefits of MCTs have been studied over the years. Some people put it on their coffee, protein shakes, food and etc. When MCTs have been converted in the body, it becomes monolaurin. The three main types of MCTs are Capric, Caprylic, and Lauric Acid. They bring benefits to the body by giving immune support and regulation as well as an aid in ketosis. Damon is focusing on Lauric Acid as based on their research, it helps in immune, digestive, and inflammatory support. [11:33] Everything About Monolaurin: Role and Benefits in the Body Damon read a study about the use of Monolaurin to fight off Giardia Lamblia, one of the most common causes of malnutrition. One of the studies Damon has read used Monolaurin to try cure Giardia Lamblia on animal subjects in which the cure rates reached over 90%.  On the other hand, Damon has also read another study wherein Monolaurin was used on the animal subjects first before giving Giardia Lamblia. 60% of the test subjects didn't get sick. Research shows that Monolaurin helps in breaking down the protective envelope of the DNA and RNA viruses. Breast milk contains 6.5% of Monolaurin. Monolaurin can be found on coconut oil and palm oil. However, palm oil can only be harvested on sensitive environments which can affect natural habitats which is why coconut oil is more preferred. [20:21] The Different Ways You Can Take Monolaurin Before taking any supplements, you must contact a health professional in order to determine the right dosage for you to take. Introductory dose - Taking Monolaurin once a day, once every other day, and slowly increasing that up into the therapeutic dosage you're looking to get as an individual. Maintenance - In this way, monolaurin is taken daily to help maintain and regulate the healthy immune response.  Some people also take Monolaurin when they feel sick or immunocompromised.  [25:30] How Safe is Monolaurin for the Body? Monolaurin, under its chemical name 'Glycerol Monolaurin', is included on the 'Generally Recognized as Safe' list of the FDA. Different studies have not indicated a limit on the use of Monolaurin. Monolaurin impacts gut health. Research suggests that the continuous use of Monolaurin does not creates resistance in the body. [27:38] What Should You Do Before Buying a Product? Check out product testimonials posted on the website or marketplaces. Some product reviews are incentivized and not true so you should try and search about it first. Research through trusted websites like PubMed, familiarized yourself on different products, the science, the background, then the mechanics of it all and sort of trust the science and not necessarily someone's opinion. AND MUCH MORE! Resources from this episode:  Website Get your monolaurin supplements with a discount here: Visit https://www.naturalcurelabs.com/products/?ref=KetoKamp Use the coupon code ketokamp for 10% off Check out Nature Cure Labs on social meida Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/NaturalCureLabs Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/naturalcurelabs/ Check out Damon Sununtnasuk LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/damonsun/ Academic Resources: PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ Monolaurin and More: https://www.monolaurinandmore.com/articles/monolaurin-keto-diet Studies referenced: Using monolaurin pre- and post- infection: Fahmy ZH, Aly E, Shalsh I, Mohamed AH. The effect of medium chain saturated fatty acid (monolaurin) on levels of the cytokines on experimental animal in Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia infection. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. January 2014. https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJPP/article-abstract/0C0410F43049 Monolaurin and Ketosis: Avgerinos, Konstantinos I, et al. “Medium Chain Triglycerides induce mild ketosis and may improve cognition in Alzheimer's disease. A systematic review and meta-analysis of human studies.” Ageing Research Reviews, 2020.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31870908/ Customer Reviews: (you can choose to read a couple testimonials in the intro / outro) 600mg Premium Monolaurin: https://www.amazon.com/Natural-Cure-Labs-Premium-Monolaurin/dp/B017RHHEVG?ref_=ast_sto_dp&th=1#customerReviews 800mg Extra Strength: https://www.amazon.com/Natural-Cure-Labs-Strength-Monolaurin/dp/B07GQ1RQHW?ref_=ast_sto_dp&th=1#customerReviews 1:1 L-Lysine + Monolaurin: https://www.amazon.com/Natural-Cure-Labs-L-Lysine-Monolaurin/dp/B07VNV2ZKP?ref_=ast_sto_dp#customerReviews  Monolaurin mechanisms in the body: Research on monolaurin's impact on cell mechanisms or organs (ie: liver) is limited, but here is some research. Please don't attribute this to me, as it could be seen as a disease claim. “When monolaurin is consumed, it circulates in the bloodstream & is metabolized in a delayed fashion over 8-12 hours. Monolaurin is not excreted or detoxified out of the body. Instead, it is turned into energy in the form of ketones, [which in turn can] support ketone levels in the body.” -          https://dralexrinehart.com/articles/monolaurin-a-secret-coconut-oil-compound-with-powerful-immune-benefits/ “When coconut oil is consumed, the medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) are broken down into individual medium chain fatty acids and monoglycerides, which can kill or inactivate pathogenic microorganisms inside the body. The antiviral action, attributed to monolaurin (the monoglyceride of lauric acid), is that of solubilizing the lipids and phospholipids in the envelope of the pathogenic organisms causing the disintegration of their outer membrane. There is also evidence that MCFA interfere with the organism's signal transduction and the antimicrobial effect in viruses is due to interference with virus assembly and viral maturation.” -          Arora, Rajesh, et al. “Potential of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Preventive Management of Novel H1N1 Flu (Swine Flu) Pandemic: Thwarting Potential Disasters in the Bud.” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 13 Oct. 2010. “[Monolaurin] removes the M protein from the virus envelope resulted in loss of envelope integrity, which is essential for virus infectivity… the loss of envelope integrity results in loss of infectious virus titer” -          Hierholzer, John C, and Jon J Kabara. “In Vitro Effects of Monolaurin Compounds on Enveloped DNA and RNA Viruses.” Journal of Food Safety, vol. 4, no. 1, Mar. 1982, pp. 1–12. “Medium-chain saturated and long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, on the other hand, were all highly active against the enveloped viruses... Antiviral fatty acids were found to affect the viral envelope, causing leakage and at higher concentrations, a complete disintegration of the envelope and the viral particles. They also caused disintegration of the plasma membranes of tissue culture cells resulting in cell lysis and death.” -          Thormar, H, and et al. “Inactivation of Enveloped Viruses and Killing of Cells by Fatty Acids and Monoglycerides.” Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, doi:10.1128/AAC.31.1.27. Watch Keto Kamp on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUh_MOM621MvpW_HLtfkLyQ Take my FREE toxicity quiz to determine your level of toxicity. Visit www.toxicmiami.com for the free quiz. / / E P I S O D E   S P ON S O R S  Paleo Valley beef sticks, apple cider vinegar complex, organ meat complex & more. Use the coupon code KETOKAMP15 over at https://paleovalley.com/ to receive 15% off your entire order. Upgraded Formulas Upgraded Magnesium & Charge Electrolyte Supplements: http://www.upgradedformulas.com Use KK15 at checkout for 15% off your order.  Text me the words "Podcast" +1 (786) 364-5002 to be added to my contacts list.  *Some Links Are Affiliates* // F O L L O W ▸ instagram | @thebenazadi | http://bit.ly/2B1NXKW ▸ facebook | /thebenazadi | http://bit.ly/2BVvvW6 ▸ twitter | @thebenazadi http://bit.ly/2USE0so ▸ tiktok | @thebenazadi https://www.tiktok.com/@thebenazadi Disclaimer: This podcast is for information purposes only. Statements and views expressed on this podcast are not medical advice. This podcast including Ben Azadi disclaim responsibility from any possible adverse effects from the use of information contained herein. Opinions of guests are their own, and this podcast does not accept responsibility of statements made by guests. This podcast does not make any representations or warranties about guests qualifications or credibility. Individuals on this podcast may have a direct or non-direct interest in products or services referred to herein. If you think you have a medical problem, consult a licensed physician.

COVID-19 continues to pose major problems in the winter in the USA. Infections and hospitalizations are increasing and there is a fear of emergence of new variants. Therapeutic tools are also evolving. We discuss these new developments! Watch the video version via: https://youtu.be/ElnahBl53e8 Topics discussed: The latest facts on COVID Current therapeutic approaches including antivirals and monoclonal antibodies Future perspectives for the coming year on COVID-19. Guests: Adarsh Bhimraj, MD. Director of Education and Fellowships, Division of Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodsit Hospital. Chair IDSA Guidelines for COVID-19. This episode of Editors in Conversation is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Journal and hosted by AAC Editor in Chief, Cesar Arias. AAC is available at https://asm.org/aac. Follow Cesar on twitter at https://twitter.com/SuperBugDoc for AAC updates. Subscribe to the podcast at https://asm.org/eic

Antimicrobial resistance is the ‘silent pandemic' and to tackle this challenging public health problem we need to attract the best and brightest. Today we will discuss pathways to work on this field with trainees who will be the next generation of outstanding researchers in the field, currently as part of different T32 training programs in the United States. Welcome to Editors in Conversation Topics discussed: Different pathways to follow careers in antimicrobial research The challenges to follow an academic and research pathways Future perspectives and guidance for early stage investigators who want to pursue research on antimicrobial resistance. Guests: Cheyenne Lee.  4th Year Ph.D. Candidate | McBride Lab, Microbiology and Molecular Genetics (MMG) Program Initiative for Maximizing Student Development (IMSD) Graduate Student Representative, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. T32 predoctoral fellow Edwin Chen, MD, PhD. Infectious Diseases Fellow, Postdoctoral T32 Fellow, University of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh, PA. Kara Hood, PhD. Pos-doctoral T32 Fellow, Texas Medical Center Program in Antimicrobial Resistance, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX. This episode is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy journal available at aac.asm.org. If you plan to publish in AAC, ASM Members get up to 50% off publishing fees. Visit asm.org/membership to sign up. Visit journals.asm.org/journal/aac to browse issues and/or submit a manuscript.

Infections caused by Mycobacterium abscessus appear to be increasing in frequency among the immunocompromised population and are challenging to treat. Antibiotic options in these cases are scarce, prologued therapy is required and new options are needed. We will discuss this important topic with experts in the field. Topics discussed: Define M. abscessus as an opportunistic pathoge The intrinsic phenotypic characteristics of M. abscessus, including resistance to common antimicrobials Treatment approaches and rationale for these strategies Guests: Kelly Dooley, MD. PhD, MPH.  Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University and Editor of AAC Charles L. Daley, MD, Professor and Chief of the Division of Mycobacterial and Respiratory Infections. National Jewish Health Thomas Dick, PhD. Professor, Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health This episode is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy journal available at aac.asm.org. If you plan to publish in AAC, ASM Members get up to 50% off publishing fees. Visit asm.org/membership to sign up Visit journals.asm.org/journal/aac to browse issues and/or submit a manuscript.

As July 26, the world has documented 19,188 cases of monkeypox, with 3,591 cases in the US alone, making the US the country with the most known infections amid the global outbreak. The WHO has declared monkeypox a public health emergency. Although this disease has been known for years, certain features suggest that we are facing a unique outbreak of monkeypox with the potential for worldwide spreading. In this special podcast edition of Editors in Conversation we will discuss the diagnosis and treatment of monkeypox with experts in the field who have dealt with significant number of cases in the US. Topics: • The significance of the monkeypox outbreak • The approach for the diagnosis of monkeypox • The treatment approaches and prevention tools for monkeypox This special episode is brought to you by Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy journals. Hosts: - Cesar A. Arias, Editor in Chief of AAC, - Dr. Elli Theel, Editor of JCM This podcast is supported by the American Society for Microbiology, which publishes both JCM and AAC. Don't forget to check the latest issues of JCM and AAC with outstanding papers on microbial diagnostics, mechanisms of resistance, pharmacology of antimicrobial agents, epidemiology and clinical therapeutics, among others. Joining us to discuss this important topic are: • Jason Zucker, MD. Assistant Professor of Medicine at Columbia University Medical Center and Infectious Diseases physician at New York-Presbyterian / Columbia University Irving Medical Center • Benjamin Pinsky, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Pathology and of Medicine (Infectious Diseases). Stanford University, palo Alto, CA. Medical Director of the Clinical Virology Laboratory for Stanford Health Care and the Stanford Children's Health.

Infections caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia appear to be increasing in frequency among the immunocompromised population and are challenging to treat. Moreover, resistance to traditional drugs used against these organisms is now becoming more common. Antibiotic options in these circumstances are scarce and new options are needed. We discuss this important topic with experts in the field. Recorded live in Washington DC at ASM Microbe 2022. Topics • Stenotrophomas maltophilia as an opportunistic pathogen and • The intrinsic ability of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia to resist common antimicrobials • Common mechanisms of resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa • Debate on treatment approaches and rationale for these strategies. Guests: Maria Fernanda Mojica PhD Senior Instructor, Case VA Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology. Case Western Reserve University Samuel Aitken, PharmD. Adjunct Clinical Professor of Pharmacy, University of Michigan. This episode of Editors in Conversation is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Journal and hosted by AAC Editor in Chief, Cesar Arias. AAC is available at https://asm.org/aac. Follow Cesar on twitter at https://twitter.com/SuperBugDoc for AAC updates. Subscribe to the podcast at https://asm.org/eic

Dr. Jennifer Morrow joins Dr. Rachel Britt (@RachelBPharmD) on this bonus episode of the Breakpoints podcast to discuss how the introduction of COVID-19 therapeutics and vaccines has affected community pharmacy teams and workflows. Also mentioned are the recent Test to Treat initiative, impacts on future community pharmacy practice, and ways inpatient providers can help our community colleagues. Learn more about the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists: https://sidp.org/About Twitter: @SIDPharm (https://twitter.com/SIDPharm) Instagram: @SIDPharm (https://www.instagram.com/sidpharm/) Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sidprx LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/sidp/ References: https://aspr.hhs.gov/TestToTreat/Documents/Fact-Sheet.pdf Torres, N. S., Abercrombie, J. J., Srinivasan, A., Lopez-Ribot, J. L., Ramasubramanian, A. K., & Leung, K. P. (2016). Screening a commercial library of pharmacologically active small molecules against staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, doi:10.1128/AAC.00377-16 ASPR. (2022). COVID-19 therapeutics locator. Retrieved from https://covid-19-therapeutics-locator-dhhs.hub.arcgis.com/ Dunn, A. (2021). Texas appeals court: Judge had no authority to order ivermectin for patient suffering from COVID-19 aftereffects. Retrieved from https://www.law.com/texaslawyer/2021/11/22/texas-appeals-court-judge-had-no-authority-to-order-ivermectin-for-patient-suffering-from-covid-aftereffects/ Services, Howard Fischer Capitol Media. (). Pharmacists would have to fill ivermectin prescriptions for COVID under arizona proposal. Arizona Daily Star Retrieved from https://tucson.com/news/local/pharmacists-would-have-to-fill-ivermectin-prescriptions-for-covid-under-arizona-proposal/article_eca12e7c-5781-11ec-a775-cb73d778d4fb.html Sexton, A. (2022, -01-19). Bill would make it easier to obtain ivermectin in new hampshire. Wmur Retrieved from https://www.wmur.com/article/ivermectin-new-hampshire-state-house-bill/38817240 Saunders, J. (2022). No ‘legal right' to force use of ivermectin, court says. Retrieved from https://www.clickorlando.com/news/local/2022/01/29/no-legal-right-to-force-use-of-ivermectin-court-says/ Tidd, J. (2022, -01-27). Kansas bill would force pharmacists to fill ivermectin, hydroxychloroquine as off-label COVID treatment. The Topeka Capital-Journal Retrieved from https://www.cjonline.com/story/news/coronavirus/2022/01/25/kansas-politicians-off-label-ivermectin-hydroxychloroquine-covid-treatment-pharmacists/9198489002/

Bacteriophages are interesting viruses that target bacteria and have been used for therapeutic purposes. Recently, the emergence of antibiotic resistance has spurred a renewed interest in using these viruses or their products as therapeutic tools against recalcitrant human pathogens. AAC has also published a recent manuscript from ARLG to guide the use of phages in clinical practice. We will discuss with experts in the field the state-of-the-art in phage therapy. Objectives: • Understand the use of bacteriophages and their products for therapeutic purposes • Discuss the clinical applications of phages • Debate the barriers for developing of phages as therapeutic tools to treat multidrug-resistant infections Guests: • Vincent A. Fischetti, Ph.D, Professor and Director, Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY. • Saima Aslam, MBBS, Professor of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA. • Anthony Maresso, PhD. Professor and Founder of TAILOR Labs, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. This episode of Editors in Conversation is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Journal and hosted by AAC Editor in Chief, Cesar Arias. AAC is available at https://asm.org/aac. Follow Cesar on twitter at https://twitter.com/SuperBugDoc for AAC updates. Subscribe to the podcast at https://asm.org/eic

AAC just published a review from the WHO advisory panel on the antibacterial pipeline analyzing ‘traditional' and ‘non-traditional' antibacterial agents and modulators in clinical development current on 30 June 2021 with activity against the WHO priority pathogens, mycobacteria and Clostridioides difficile. Today, we will dissect this important publication Objectives: • Understand the role of the WHO in antimicrobial resistance • Discuss the analysis of the antibacterial pipeline • Deliberate on important highlights from the review and the future of antibacterial research. Guests: - Dr. Peter Beyer, Senior Advisor for the Antimicrobial Resistance Division at the World Health Organization. - Dr. Mark Butler, MSBChem Consulting, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia - Dr. Prabhavathi Fernandes. Member, Scientific Advisory Committee, GARDP, Geneva, Switzerlandand The National Biodefense Science 17Board, Health and Human Services, Washington DC, USA This episode of Editors in Conversation is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Journal and hosted by AAC Editor in Chief, Cesar Arias. AAC is available at https://aac.asm.org. Follow Cesar on twitter at https://twitter.com/SuperBugDoc for AAC updates. Subscribe to the podcast at https://asm.org/eic

We're all racing neck and neck against antimicrobial resistance - trying to preserve antibiotics for use in the most critical situations. This equine specialist pinpoints actions horse owners and veterinarians can take to minimize spread of resistant pathogens in horse populations and facilities. With fewer anti-microbials in our equine veterinary toolkit, it is essential that we learn all we can about how antimicrobial resistant pathogens travel between horses and their handlers. Without being able to identify and track antibiotic resistant bacteria, we are left in the dark when we try to adjust our management of our animals to minimize disease and to save these valuable medications for situations where they are absolutely necessary. Dr. Maud de Lagarde is a researcher and diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine who studies the movement of antimicrobial resistant genes in bacterial populations that affect horses in both Quebec and France. She is specifically interested in their route of dissemination to develop strategies to prevent antimicrobial resistance, and her work highlights some interesting intervention points for horse owners and veterinarians alike. Links of Interest:  Prevalence, risk factors, and characterization of multidrug resistant and extended spectrum β-lactamase/AmpC β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in healthy horses in France in 2015  (de Lagarde M, Larrieu C, Praud K, Schouler C, Doublet B, Sallé G, Fairbrother JM, Arsenault J. Prevalence, risk factors, and characterization of multidrug resistant and extended spectrum β-lactamase/AmpC β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in healthy horses in France in 2015. J Vet Intern Med. 2019 Mar;33(2):902-911. doi: 10.1111/jvim.15415. Epub 2019 Jan 15. PMID: 30648296; PMCID: PMC6430864.) Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Characterization of Multidrug Resistant and ESBL/AmpC Producing Escherichia coli in Healthy Horses in Quebec, Canada, in 2015–2016 (de Lagarde M, Fairbrother JM, Arsenault J. Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Characterization of Multidrug Resistant and ESBL/AmpC Producing Escherichia coli in Healthy Horses in Quebec, Canada, in 2015-2016. Animals (Basel). 2020;10(3):523. Published 2020 Mar 20. doi:10.3390/ani10030523) Spread of multidrug-resistant IncHI1 plasmids carrying ESBL gene bla CTX-M-1 and metabolism operon of prebiotic oligosaccharides in commensal Escherichia coli from healthy horses, France (Maud de Lagarde, Caroline Larrieu, Karine Praud, Nathalie Lallier, Angélina Trotereau, Guillaume Sallé, John M. Fairbrother, Catherine Schouler, Benoît Doublet, Spread of multidrug-resistant IncHI1 plasmids carrying ESBL gene blaCTX-M-1 and metabolism operon of prebiotic oligosaccharides in commensal Escherichia coli from healthy horses, France, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, Volume 55, Issue 6, 2020, 105936, ISSN 0924-8579) 

Nous sommes tous engagés dans une course contre la résistance aux antibiotiques et nous essayons de préserver l'efficacité de ces médicaments pour pouvoir continuer à les utiliser dans les situations les plus critiques. Cette spécialiste en médecine équine propose aux propriétaires de chevaux et aux vétérinaires équins des mesures qui peuvent être utilisées pour réduire la propagation de bactéries pathogènes résistantes au sein de la population équine et dans les écuries. Étant donné la réduction du nombre d'antibiotiques disponibles dans la trousse médicale des vétérinaires équins, il est essentiel que ces derniers aient accès à un maximum de connaissances concernant la façon dont les bactéries pathogènes résistantes aux antibiotiques peuvent se transmettre entre les chevaux et leurs propriétaires. Si les vétérinaires équins ne savent pas comment identifier et suivre les mouvements des bactéries résistantes aux antibiotiques, il leur est difficile d'adapter la gestion de leurs cas pour réduire le risque de maladies et réserver ces médicaments importants aux situations pour lesquelles ils sont absolument nécessaires. Dre Maud de Lagarde est chercheure et diplomée du Collège américain de médecine interne vétérinaire (ACVIM). Elle étudie les mouvements des gènes de résistance aux antibiotiques dans les populations bactériennes retrouvées chez les chevaux au Québec et en France. Elle s'intéresse particulièrement à la façon dont ces gènes se propagent afin de développer des stratégies de prévention de la résistance. Son travail souligne des possibilité d'interventions concrètes pour les propriétaires de chevaux et leurs vétérinaires. Liens d'intérêt: Prevalence, risk factors, and characterization of multidrug resistant and extended spectrum β-lactamase/AmpC β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in healthy horses in France in 2015  (de Lagarde M, Larrieu C, Praud K, Schouler C, Doublet B, Sallé G, Fairbrother JM, Arsenault J. Prevalence, risk factors, and characterization of multidrug resistant and extended spectrum β-lactamase/AmpC β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in healthy horses in France in 2015. J Vet Intern Med. 2019 Mar;33(2):902-911. doi: 10.1111/jvim.15415. Epub 2019 Jan 15. PMID: 30648296; PMCID: PMC6430864.) Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Characterization of Multidrug Resistant and ESBL/AmpC Producing Escherichia coli in Healthy Horses in Quebec, Canada, in 2015–2016 (de Lagarde M, Fairbrother JM, Arsenault J. Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Characterization of Multidrug Resistant and ESBL/AmpC Producing Escherichia coli in Healthy Horses in Quebec, Canada, in 2015-2016. Animals (Basel). 2020;10(3):523. Published 2020 Mar 20. doi:10.3390/ani10030523) Spread of multidrug-resistant IncHI1 plasmids carrying ESBL gene bla CTX-M-1 and metabolism operon of prebiotic oligosaccharides in commensal Escherichia coli from healthy horses, France (Maud de Lagarde, Caroline Larrieu, Karine Praud, Nathalie Lallier, Angélina Trotereau, Guillaume Sallé, John M. Fairbrother, Catherine Schouler, Benoît Doublet, Spread of multidrug-resistant IncHI1 plasmids carrying ESBL gene blaCTX-M-1 and metabolism operon of prebiotic oligosaccharides in commensal Escherichia coli from healthy horses, France, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, Volume 55, Issue 6, 2020, 105936, ISSN 0924-8579) 

Antimicrobial agents include broad spectrum plant-based ingredients that are an option in tackling gut-related health problems. https://drruscio.com/antimicrobial-agents  My book Healthy Gut, Healthy You is available at https://drruscio.com/getgutbook/  If you're in need of clinical support, please visit https://austinfm.com/  Looking for more? Check out https://drruscio.com/resources 

What influential research outside of COVID-19 was published in AAC in 2020? Objectives: • Discuss pathways of young scientists in antimicrobial resistance • Highlight important papers in AAC in 2020 that were not related to COVID-19 • Stimulate discussion in important topics related to antimicrobial agents I want to welcome my co-host Dr. Maria Fernanda Mojica who is the host of the ASM Journal Club focused on Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance. Dr. Mojica is a Postdoctoral Scholar at Case Western Reserve University. Joining us to discuss their experiences and top paper of AAC in 2020 are: • Dr. Ayesha Khan: Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX • Dr. Alina Iovleva: Clinical Instructor and Burroughs Wellcome Fund Scholar, University of Pittsburgh and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA

Episódio de hoje sobre uma condição muito comum! Raphael, Kaue e Pedro falam sobre 4 clinicagens de Herpes Zoster. Quando internar? Qual a melhor opção para analgesia? Quais os desfechos são afetados pelo tratamento? E a vacina? Em caso de dúvidas, críticas ou sugestões, entra em contato com a gente no Twitter ou Instagram no @tadeclinicagem ou manda um e-mail para tadeclinicagem@gmail.com. MINUTAGEM. (3:02) Uso de antivirais e corticoide (8:09) Corticoide (8:56) Quando internar? (11:59) Complicações por H. Zoster (14:28) Manifestações atípicas (23:39) Tratamento intra-hospitalar (24:53) Cuidados na internação (25:30) Controle da dor aguda (27:16) Neuralgia pos herpética (31:55) Vacinação (35:48) Resposta do desafio da semana anterior (36:20) Desafio da semana (36:40) Salves REFERÊNCIAS 1. Treatment of herpes zoster in the immunocompetent host. Uptodate Fev 2021. Mary A Albrecht 2. BEUTNER, Karl R. et al. Valaciclovir compared with acyclovir for improved therapy for herpes zoster in immunocompetent adults. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, v. 39, n. 7, p. 1546-1553, 1995. 3. POLSO, A. K.; LASSITER, J. L.; NAGEL, J. L. Impact of hospital guideline for weight‐based antimicrobial dosing in morbidly obese adults and comprehensive literature review. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics, v. 39, n. 6, p. 584-608, 2014. 4. Vaccination for the prevention of shingles. Mary A Albrecht, Myron J Levin. Uptodate 2021. 5. LAL, Himal et al. Efficacy of an adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit vaccine in older adults. New England Journal of Medicine, v. 372, n. 22, p. 2087-2096, 2015. 6. Schmader, K. Herpes Zoster. Annals of Internal Medicine, 169(3). 2018 7. HAN, Ying et al. Corticosteroids for preventing postherpetic neuralgia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, n. 3, 2013. 8. Chen, N. et al. Antiviral treatment for preventing postherpetic neuralgia. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2, CD006866 (2014). 9. Mehta, S. K. et al. Rapid and sensitive detection of varicella zoster virus in saliva of patients with herpes zoster. J. Virol. Methods 193, 128–130 (2013). 10. Solomon, C. G., Johnson, R. W. & Rice, A. S. C. Postherpetic neuralgia. N. Engl. J. Med. 371, 1526–1533 (2014). 11. McNicol, E. D., Midbari, A. & Eisenberg, E. Opioids for neuropathic pain. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 8, CD006146 (2013). 12. Gershon, A., Breuer, J., Cohen, J. et al. Varicella zoster virus infection. Nat Rev Dis Primers 1, 15016 (2015). 

The emergence COVID-19 changed the entire world, a look back to one of the most difficult years for public health in modern history. Objectives: • Summarize the key events leading to the COVID-19 pandemic • Discuss the missteps and successes on the COVID-19 fight in the US • Comment on the future and what 2021 is likely to bring in relation t the COVID-19 pandemic Guest: • Dr. Jeanne Marrazzo: The C. Glenn Cobbs Professor in Infectious Diseases and Director, Division of Infectious Diseases, UAB | The University of Alabama at Birmingham. Visit https://aac.asm.org to read the current Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

There’s a common misconception that you need to run expensive advanced biomedical tests to fix your health. Over the years we’ve found just the opposite, that you can learn much of what you need to know from basic blood chemistry. Perhaps the best example is the information gained from a Complete Blood Count (CBC) with Differential. As the most common blood test, it is widely used to assess general health status, screen for disorders, and to evaluate nutritional status. On this podcast, NBT Scientific Director Megan Hall and I are talking about leukocytes, also known as white blood cells (WBCs), as critical elements of the CBC blood test. Megan discusses the various types of leukocytes and what it means when your count is outside the reference range. We talk about what leukocytes tell you about your nutritional status, why some people “never get sick” as well as signs you’ve got chronic inflammation or physiological stress. Megan also discusses how to use this information to determine the next steps in your health journey. Here’s the outline of this interview with Megan Hall: [00:01:04] Forum post: Chronically Low White Blood Cell Count. Get access when you support us on Patreon. [00:01:45] Leukocytes = White Blood Cells (WBCs) found on CBC with differential blood test. [00:02:58] Different types of white blood cells. [00:04:18] Phagocytosis video. [00:06:10] Absolute vs relative counts of WBCs. [00:09:15] Optimal range of WBCs in relation to all-cause mortality. [00:11:25] Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging: Ruggiero, Carmelinda, et al. "White blood cell count and mortality in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 49.18 (2007): 1841-1850.  [00:12:57] Study: Shah, Anoop Dinesh, et al. "White cell count in the normal range and short-term and long-term mortality: international comparisons of electronic health record cohorts in England and New Zealand." BMJ open 7.2 (2017): e013100.  [00:15:30] bloodsmart.ai. [00:18:00] Why WBCs might be high: Leukocytosis. [00:18:45] Paper: WBCs are predictive of all cause mortality: Crowell, Richard J., and Jonathan M. Samet. "Invited commentary: why does the white blood cell count predict mortality?." American Journal of Epidemiology 142.5 (1995): 499-501.  [00:20:00] Podcast: Air Pollution Is a Cause of Endothelial Injury, Systemic Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease, with Arden Pope, PhD. [00:21:57] Association of leukocytosis with metabolic syndrome; Study: Babio, Nancy, et al. "White blood cell counts as risk markers of developing metabolic syndrome and its components in the PREDIMED study." PloS one 8.3 (2013): e58354. [00:22:15] Megan's outline for this podcast. [00:22:41] What to do if you have elevated WBC counts. [00:22:54] Impact of stress; Studies: 1. Nishitani, Naoko, and Hisataka Sakakibara. "Association of psychological stress response of fatigue with white blood cell count in male daytime workers." Industrial health 52.6 (2014): 531-534. and 2. Jasinska, Anna J., et al. "Immunosuppressive effect and global dysregulation of blood transcriptome in response to psychosocial stress in vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus)." Scientific reports 10.1 (2020): 1-12.  [00:23:32] Dr. Simon Marshall and Lesley Paterson; Podcast: How to Manage Stress, with Simon Marshall, PhD. [00:24:08] Reasons WBC counts might be low; Leukopenia. [00:27:57] "I never get sick". [00:30:40] What to do if your WBCs are low. [00:30:56] Effects of low energy availability: Studies: 1. Johannsen, Neil M., et al. "Effect of different doses of aerobic exercise on total white blood cell (WBC) and WBC subfraction number in postmenopausal women: results from DREW." PloS one 7.2 (2012): e31319. and 2. Sarin, Heikki V., et al. "Molecular pathways mediating immunosuppression in response to prolonged intensive physical training, low-energy availability, and intensive weight loss." Frontiers in immunology 10 (2019): 907.  [00:31:44] Articles by Megan on energy availability and underfueling: 1. Why Your Ketogenic Diet Isn’t Working Part One: Underfueling and Overtraining; 2. How to Prevent Weight Loss (or Gain Muscle) on a Therapeutic Ketogenic Diet; 3. What We Eat and How We Train Part 1: Coach and Ketogenic Diet Researcher, Megan Roberts; 4. How to Carbo Load the Right Way [00:31:52] Podcast: How to Identify and Treat Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S), with Nicky Keay. [00:33:03] Ranges may slightly differ by ethnicity; 1. Haddy, Theresa B., Sohail R. Rana, and Oswaldo Castro. "Benign ethnic neutropenia: what is a normal absolute neutrophil count?." Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 133.1 (1999): 15-22; 2. Palmblad, Jan, and Petter Höglund. "Ethnic benign neutropenia: a phenomenon finds an explanation." Pediatric blood & cancer 65.12 (2018): e27361; 3. Grann, Victor R., et al. "Neutropenia in 6 ethnic groups from the Caribbean and the US." Cancer: Interdisciplinary International Journal of the American Cancer Society 113.4 (2008): 854-860.  [00:34:39] Absolute Neutrophil to absolute Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) as indicator of systemic inflammation; Studies: 1. Gürağaç, Ali, and Zafer Demirer. "The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in clinical practice." Canadian Urological Association Journal 10.3-4 (2016): 141-2; 2. Fest, Jesse, et al. "The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is associated with mortality in the general population: The Rotterdam Study." European journal of epidemiology 34.5 (2019): 463-470.  [00:36:19] Elevated NLR associated with poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Studies: 1. Yang, Ai-Ping, et al. "The diagnostic and predictive role of NLR, d-NLR and PLR in COVID-19 patients." International immunopharmacology (2020): 106504; 2. Ciccullo, Arturo, et al. "Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and clinical outcome in COVID-19: a report from the Italian front line." International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents (2020); 3. Liu, Jingyuan, et al. "Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts critical illness patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in the early stage." Journal of Translational Medicine 18 (2020): 1-12.  [00:37:41] NLR predicts mortality in medical inpatients: Isaac, Vivian, et al. "Elevated neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio predicts mortality in medical inpatients with multiple chronic conditions." Medicine 95.23 (2016).  [00:38:21] What to do if NLR is out of range. [00:39:23] NLR on bloodsmart.ai (found on the Marker Detail View page). [00:40:01] NLR as a marker of physiological stress: 1. Onsrud, M., and E. Thorsby. "Influence of in vivo hydrocortisone on some human blood lymphocyte subpopulations: I. Effect on natural killer cell activity." Scandinavian journal of immunology 13.6 (1981): 573-579; 2. PulmCrit: Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR): Free upgrade to your WBC. [00:41:59] Schedule a 15-minute Starter Session.

AAC Launches a new section. New perspectives on antimicrobial agents seeks to provide a clinically-oriented, concise summary supported by emerging clinical trial and/or real-world data. Our first article will be focused on remdesivir Objectives: • Review the rationale for the use of remdesivir against SARS-CoV-2 • Discuss the clinical data supporting the use of remdesivir for COVID-19 • Elaborate on future studies and knowledge gaps for the use of remdesivir New Perspectives on Antimicrobial Agents are brief invited reviews (limit of 4,000 words, exclusive of references) of antimicrobial agents that have been recently introduced into clinical practice. The aim is to provide a clinically-oriented, concise summary supported by emerging clinical trial and/or real-world data. Reviews should include a discussion on the importance of new findings in advancing the field and perspective on the agent’s place in therapy. Opinions and commentary may be included. Multidisciplinary authors are highly encouraged We have decided to launch the section with a special focus on remdesivir, currently the only FDA-approved drug to treat COVID-19. Joining me today to discuss this are the proud lead authors of the firs paper of the new section. Ryan please introduce our guests • Dr. Muneerah Aleissa: Postdoctoral research fellow, Brigham’s and Women Hospital, Harvard Medical School. • Dr. Francisco Marty: Associate Physician, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School. Visit aac.asm.org to read the current issue of Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

How are we discovering new antibiotics in the 21st, How is science responding to the antibiotic crisis? Objectives: • Discuss the challenges on discovering new antibiotics in the modern era • Debate the current strategies to find new molecules against the most recalcitrant pathogens • Understand the multiple approaches that could lead to antibiotic development. Visit aac.asm.org to read the latest issue of Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

Why are we running out of antibiotics? A look at the pharmaceutical development of one of the most life-saving class of drugs. Topics discussed: The reasons behind the stagnant and declining antibiotic development pipeline New initiatives focused on stimulating the antibiotic market Strategies to spur the antibiotic development Guests: Helen Boucher, MD. Professor of Medicine and Chief, Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Editor of AAC Karen Bush, PhD. Professor of Practice & Interim Director, Biotechnology Program Indiana University. Former Editor AAC. Visit aac.asm.org to read current and archived issues of the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy journal.

A conversation with Lou Rice about his career and his experience of being the Editor of Chief for the AAC Journal for the past decade.  Visit aac.asm.org to read the current issue.

The state of the art treatment of COVID-19, understand the role of some medications currently used for COVID-19 and dissecting novel approaches and strategies for the treatment of COVID-19 likely to become available in the short term. Guests: Henry Masur MD and Adarsh Bhimraj MD. Read the current issue of Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy at https://aac.asm.org

This episode is an exploration of a sea of topics, all in the ocean of coronavirus research, implications on clinic/classroom experiences and safety, and the need to root ourselves in a more grounded sense of time and place as societal upheaval pushes us all to the limits. In our first section, Spill the Tea, we share the teas we are drinking. Michael is enjoying one of his teas, a "Jasmine Aroma" Phoenix Oolong. Zach is drinking a Pu'erh tuocha from Floating Leaves tea shop. During our extensive research discussion, we cover a number of papers on Chinese herbal medicine, approaches to studying it, and how to bring traditional methods of formula selection into modern clinical usage, most notably in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and it's symptoms. Chung VC, Ma PH, Lau CH, Wong SY, Yeoh EK, Griffiths SM. Views on traditional Chinese medicine amongst Chinese population: a systematic review of qualitative and quantitative studies. Health Expect. 2014;17(5):622-636. Sinha, S. K., Prasad, S. K., Islam, M. A., Gurav, S. S., Patil, R. B., AlFaris, N. A., ... & Shakya, A. (2020). Identification of bioactive compounds from glycyrrhiza glabra as possible inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and non-structural protein-15: A pharmacoinformatics study. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 1-15. LuoLiu, P., & Li, J. (2020). Pharmacologic perspective: glycyrrhizin may be an efficacious therapeutic agent for COVID-19. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 105995. https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2020/07/418056/building-blocks-covid-19-antiviral-drugs-identified-rapid-study https://cen.acs.org/biological-chemistry/infectious-disease/Protein-mapping-finds-over-60/98/i12 Gilbert C. Gee, Marguerite J. Ro, and Anne W. Rimoin, 2020: Seven Reasons to Care About Racism and COVID-19 and Seven Things to Do to Stop It. American Journal of Public Health 110, 954_955. Eng, Y. S., Lee, C. H., Lee, W. C., Huang, C. C., & Chang, J. S. (2019). Unraveling the molecular mechanism of traditional chinese medicine: formulas against acute airway viral infections as examples. Molecules, 24(19), 3505. Zhang, A., Sun, H., Wang, Z., Sun, W., Wang, P., & Wang, X. (2010). Metabolomics: towards understanding traditional Chinese medicine. Planta medica, 76(17), 2026-2035. Liu, X., Lv, M., Wang, Y., Zhao, D., Zhao, S., Li, S., & Qin, X. (2020). Deciphering the compatibility rule of Traditional Chinese Medicine prescription based on NMR metabolomics: A case study of Xiaoyaosan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 112726. HealthCMi. COVID-19 (Coronavirus) Herbs Found Effective. 14 June 2020, www.healthcmi.com/Acupuncture-Continuing-Education-News/2039-covid-19-coronavirus-herbs-found-effective. Music used at end: http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Humanfobia/Witch_Spell/02_-_Spell_on_the_Witch_House_with_Tesla_Tea

Contributor: Don Stader, MD Educational Pearls: Yersinia Pestis is the bacteria that caused the black plague. It was first discovered to be the cause of the bubonic plague in 1800s in China during the 3rd bubonic plague where 10-20 million people died Causes 3 types of plague: Bubonic plague: characterized by severe swelling of lymph nodes called buboes, most commonly in the groin, also axillary and olecranon lymph nodes. Septicemic plague: characterized by severe sepsis, no lymphadenopathy. This strain famously causes disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) and can lead to limb necrosis and fingers turning black. Hence the name the Black Death. Pneumonic: most dangerous of the plagues and characterized by PNA on CXR with pronounced mediastinal lymphadenopathy  Fleas are the largest reservoir, although prairie dogs and squirrels have been known to carry the bacteria as well. Yersinia Pestis creates a microfilm inside the stomach of fleas and renders them incapable of digesting your blood when they try to eat it and they vomit the bacteria into your blood. Doxycycline and Ciprofloxacin are the mainstay of treatment. References Achtman M, Zurth K, Morelli G, Torrea G, Guiyoule A. Carniel E. Yersinia pestis, the cause of plague, is a recently emerged clone of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.24.14043 Galimand M, Carniel E, Courvalin P. Resistance of Yersinia pestis to Antimicrobial Agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006;50(10):3233 LP - 3236. doi:10.1128/AAC.00306-06 Sexton D, Stout J. Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, And Treatment Of Plague (Yersinia Pestis Infection). Waltham, MA: UpToDate; 2020.   Summarized by Mason Tuttle & Jackson Roos, MS4 | Edited by Erik Verzemnieks, MD  

Professor Rick Body is joined by Prof Paul Klapper (Professor of Clinical Virology), Dr Charlie Reynolds (NIHR Clinical Research Fellow), Prof Pam Vallely (Professor of Medical Virology), Dr Anisa Jafar (Academic Clinical Lecturer) and Prof Simon Carley (you know him...) to discuss six papers about COVID-19 infection.  03:10 - Paper 1 – Guan et al. Clinical characteristics of Coronavirus disease 2019 in China. NEJM Feb 28 2020 https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2002032 16:54 Paper 2 – Zou et al. Single Cell RNA-SEQ Data Analysis on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different human organs vulnerable to 2019-NCOV infection. Frontiers of Medicine. Mar 12 2020. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11684-020-0754-0.pdf 21:43 Paper 3 – Gautret et al. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin treatment of COVID-19: Results of an open-label non-randomised clinical trial. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 20 Mar 2020 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924857920300996?via%3Dihub 25:25 Paper 4 – Cao et al. A trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe COVID-19. NEJM Mar 18 2020 https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa2001282 29:35 Paper 5 – Cui et al. Prevalence of venous thromboembolism in patients with severe Coronavirus pneumonia. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Apr 9 2020 doi:10.1111/jth.14830 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jth.14830 34:14 Paper 6 – Lynarts et al. Prediction models for diagnosis and prognosis of COVID-19 infection: systematic review and critical appraisal. BMJ. Apr 7 2020 BMJ 2020;369:m1328 https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/369/bmj.m1328.full.pdf

This episode was recorded on March 27, 2020.To claim credit visit: https://ce.mayo.edu/covid19podcastGuest: Christina G. Rivera, Pharm.D., R.Ph.; Ryan W. Stevens, Pharm.D. (@Stevens_AK)Host: Raymund R. Razonable, M.D. (@RazonableMD)Chloroquine emerged as an early COVID-19 treatment option in China and there has been increasing interest in the use of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin. What data is available for the safety and efficacy of the drugs in the fight against SARS-CoV-2? Dr. Christina Rivera and Dr. Ryan Stevens provide a breakdown of recent research.Deeper Dive:Gautret P, Lagier JC, Parola P, et al. Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: preliminary results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. March 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105949Yao X, Ye F, Zhang M, et al. In Vitro Antiviral Activity and Projection of Optimized Dosing Design of Hydroxychloroquine for the Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Clinical Infectious Diseases. March 2020. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa237Guidance on patients at risk of drug-induced sudden cardiac death from off-label COVID-19 treatments https://mayocl.in/2WQhxzIFor the most up to date COVID-19 information:CDC: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.htmlWHO: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd. 

Many hospital-acquired bacterial infections are also drug-resistant. Amy Mathers describes her work tracking these bacteria to their reservoir in hospital sinks, and what tools allowed her team to make these discoveries. Mathers also discusses her work on Klebsiella, a bacterial pathogen for the modern era. Subscribe (free) on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Android, RSS, or by email. Julie’s Biggest Takeaways Nosocomial infections are a type of opportunistic infection: one that wouldn’t normally cause disease in healthy individuals. Once the immune system is compromised due to other infection or treatment, the opportunist bacteria take advantage of the conditions to grow to higher numbers and cause disease. How are different pathogens transmitted in the hospital? Previously, transmission was considered to occur from one patient to a second patient, perhaps via a healthcare worker. When patients from very different parts of the hospital began to come down with the same resistant strain of bacteria, without interacting through the same space or staff, researchers began to look at a different reservoir: the hospital wastewater. How does the bacteria get from the sink to the patients? The bacteria, existing in a biofilm in the pipe right below the drain, can be transferred in droplets when the water is run. These droplets can fall as far as 36 inches from the drain plate and can contaminate the sink bowl or patient care items next to the sink. Some of the solutions to decrease bacterial dispersion from hospital sinks are very simple: for example, offsetting the drain from the tap, which keeps the water from directly running onto the drain, helps decrease the force with which the water hits the drain and therefore decreases bacterial dispersion. The Sink Lab at University of Virginia couldn’t replicate the bacterial growth patterns seen in the rest of the building; in particular, there were fewer protein nutrients that promoted bacterial growth. By setting up a camera observation of sink stations used in the hospital, the team realized that the waste thrown down the sink (extra soda, milk, soup, etc) was feeding the microbial biofilm. This helps the CRE in the biofilms in the sinks thrive. Links for This Episode MTM Listener Survey, only takes 3 minutes. Thanks! Amy Mathers website at University of Virginia The Sink Lab at UVA Kotay SM et al. Droplet- Rather than Aerosol-Mediated Dispersion is the Primary Mechanism of Bacterial Transmission from Contaminated Hand-Washing Sink Traps. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2018. Mather AJ et al. Klebsiella quasipneumoniae Provides a Windo into Carbapenemase Gene Transfer, Plasmid Rearrangements, and Patient Interactions within the Hospital Environment. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2018. Kotay S et al. Spread from the Sink to the Patient: in situ Study Using Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)-Expressing Escherichia coli to Model Bacteral Dispersion from Hand-Washuing Sink-Trap Reservoirs. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2016. Let us know what you thought about this episode by tweeting at us @ASMicrobiology or leaving a comment on facebook.com/asmfan. Send your stories about our guests and/or your comments to jwolf@asmusa.org.  

David Shlaes, MD, PhD Big Pharma is abandoning its R&D efforts for antibiotics. What are the regulatory, scientific, and economic factors responsible for this potentially dangerous trend? Our guest on this episode is Dr. David Shlaes. Dr. Shlaes is an infectious diseases specialist who trained was formerly professor of medicine at Case Western medical school in Cleveland, Ohio. He left academia in 1996 to become Vice President for infectious diseases at Wyeth Pharmaceuticals. He has been very prominent in the field of antibiotics research and development. In 1998 he was on the cover of Business Week in recognition of his contributions. In 2005 he established a consulting company and has been active in advising companies and policy makers. He has since retired but remains involved in the field. as an editor for the journal Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy and as a blogger on his site called Antibiotics, The Perfect Storm, which is the title of a book that he wrote a few years ago. GUEST: David Shlaes, MD, PhD Website RELATED EPISODE: Ep. 15 Lethal Regulations: The 1962 FDA Amendments (with guest Mary Ruwart, PhD) SUPPORT THE SHOW: Make a small donation on our Patreon page and join our discussion group or receive a free book. Support this podcast

Xue Li, Ph.D., Shalini Nair, and Tim Anderson, Ph.D. Malaria is worldwide scourge infecting 200 million people around the world and killing more than 400,000 of them. The parasite is carried by the Anopheles mosquito, particularly in tropical areas like Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Texas Biomed scientists are “particularly interested in the evolution of drug resistance,” said Scientist Tim Anderson, Ph.D., adding that it is “a recurring problem in controlling tropical diseases.” Artemisinin is a recently discovered drug that is the gold standard for treating malaria, considered instrumental in reducing the number of cases of the infectious disease over the last decade. However, more than 125 mutation variations of drug resistance have emerged in Southeast Asia. Those mutations impact the metabolism of the parasite itself – inhibiting growth rate, for instance. A recent NIH-funded study published in the journal Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy by Anderson and his team looked at one particular drug resistant variant sequence (called an allele) that is outpacing the others. Anderson’s team wanted to test the idea that successful resistance alleles have fewer adverse consequences for the parasites and, thus, thrived and spread. Shalini Nair works with malaria parasites in Dr. Tim Anderson's lab. Senior Research Associate Shalini Nair, who has worked at Texas Biomed for 18 years, was a key part of this project. “I started out by figuring out how to use CRISPR-Cas9 to edit key mutations in the malaria parasite,” Nair explained. CRISPR is short for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats. It’s a system for genome editing, using the cell’s own DNA repair mechanism to add or delete pieces of genetic material. To maximize the relevance of their results, the team used “a recently isolated parasite clone from the Thailand-Myanmar border for manipulation rather than a laboratory adapted parasite clone,” the journal article stated. Malaria parasites grow in flasks of red blood cells. In a head-to-head comparison between two mutants – one strong and thriving in patients and one not as strong and waning – researchers grew the parasites in flasks of blood cells in the lab. Scientists measure how the mutations impacted the “fitness” of the parasites. In other words, they checked to see if the mutations impacted the metabolism of the more common and less common strains in the expected way. Scientists hypothesized the more common and thriving mutations would have less “fitness cost” to the parasite. The cultures were maintained for 60 days. Then they extracted DNA and amplified it, comparing frequencies of the different mutations. Xue Li, Ph.D., is a post-doctoral student who compiled the data from the study. “Our results were not the same as our hypothesis,” Li stated. The scientists want to see if there are other mutations in different areas of the genome impacting whether these drug-resistant parasites flourish or fail. The answer may be more complicated than first thought. Dr. Anderson emphasized that malaria researchers like his team need to understand the process by which parasites adapt to anti-malarials.” If we understand that,” he said, “we are in a far better position to then to develop more effective, evolution proof interventions.”  

En el programa de hoy discutimos la evidencia sobre cuando es seguro descontinuar los antibióticos en pacientes  tratados por neutropenia febril a propósito de un articulo sobre el tema publicado este mes en la revista Lancet Hematology, el "How Long Study"   Referencias:     European guidelines for empirical antibacterial therapy for febrile neutropenic patients in the era of growing resistance: summary of the 2011 4th European Conference on Infections in Leukemia  Clinical Practice Guideline for the Use of Antimicrobial Agents in Neutropenic Patients with Cancer: 2010 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Manuela Aguilar-Guisado y colaboradores. Optimisation of empirical antimicrobial therapy in patients with haematological malignancies and febrile neutropenia (How Long study): an open-label, randomised, controlled phase 4 trial. Lancet Hematology. Nov 2017   La Frase de la Semana:  La tomamos de Sir Winston Churchill (30 de noviembre de 1874 - 24 de enero de 1965) fue un estadista británico, oficial del ejército y escritor. Sirvió de primer ministro del Reino Unido a partir de 1940 hasta 1945 y otra vez a partir de 1951 hasta 1955. Churchill llevó a Gran Bretaña a la victoria durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Lideró el Partido Conservador durante quince años desde 1940 hasta 1955.    “ Un fanático es alguien que no puede cambiar de opinión y no quiere cambiar de tema”  

Vincent and Michael travel to San Francisco for the 52nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC), where they meet with Bill, John, and Victor to discuss tuberculosis, monitoring infectious disease outbreaks with online data, and outside-the-box approaches to antibacterial therapy.

Episode 54 of MicrobeWorld Video, filmed at the 51st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy on September 17, 2011, features a live recorded video episode of This Week in Microbiology (TWiM), a podcast about life on Earth. Host Vincent and co-host Michael, along with guests Arturo, Stuart, and David converse about antimicrobial resistance and why most fungi do not cause disease.

Episode 53 of MicrobeWorld Video, filmed at the 51st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy on September 17, 2011, features a live recorded video episode of This Week in Virology (TWiV), a podcast about viruses. Host Vincent and co-host Rich, along with guests Mark and Trine, discuss science and medicine in journalism and the eradication of poliovirus at the 51st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC).

Episode 54 of MicrobeWorld Video, filmed at the 51st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy on September 17, 2011, features a live recorded video episode of This Week in Microbiology (TWiM), a podcast about life on Earth. Host Vincent and co-host Michael, along with guests Arturo, Stuart, and David converse about antimicrobial resistance and why most fungi do not cause disease.

Episode 54 of MicrobeWorld Video, filmed at the 51st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy on September 17, 2011, features a live recorded video episode of This Week in Microbiology (TWiM), a podcast about life on Earth. Host Vincent and co-host Michael, along with guests Arturo, Stuart, and David converse about antimicrobial resistance and why most fungi do not cause disease.

On episode #16 of the podcast This Week in Microbiology, Vincent, Michael, Arturo, Stuart, and David converse about antimicrobial resistance and why most fungi do not cause disease at the 51st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC).

Episode 53 of MicrobeWorld Video, filmed at the 51st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy on September 17, 2011, features a live recorded video episode of This Week in Virology (TWiV), a podcast about viruses. Special guests include:  Trine Tsouderos, Health/Medical Writer, Chicago Tribune Mark Pallansch, Ph.D., Chief of the Enterovirus Section in the National Center for Infectious Diseases at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control Started in September 2008 by Vincent Racaniello and Dick Despommier, two science Professors at Columbia University Medical Center, the goal of the show is to have an accessible discussion about viruses that anyone can understand and enjoy. At ICAAC in Chicago, Racaniello, co-host Rich Condit and guests will be highlighting and commenting on some of the most exciting virology at the conference.

Episode 53 of MicrobeWorld Video, filmed at the 51st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy on September 17, 2011, features a live recorded video episode of This Week in Virology (TWiV), a podcast about viruses. Special guests include:  Trine Tsouderos, Health/Medical Writer, Chicago Tribune Mark Pallansch, Ph.D., Chief of the Enterovirus Section in the National Center for Infectious Diseases at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control Started in September 2008 by Vincent Racaniello and Dick Despommier, two science Professors at Columbia University Medical Center, the goal of the show is to have an accessible discussion about viruses that anyone can understand and enjoy. At ICAAC in Chicago, Racaniello, co-host Rich Condit and guests will be highlighting and commenting on some of the most exciting virology at the conference.

Vincent, Rich, Mark, and Trine discuss science and medicine in journalism and the eradication of poliovirus at the 51st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC).

MicrobeWorld Video and This Week in Virology team up to bring you a tour of the 50th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) in Boston. In this episode the host of TWiV, Vincent Racaniello, speaks with exhibitors and visitors, including Professors Derek Smith, Michael Schmidt, Frederick Hayden, and Myra McClure. Host links Vincent Racaniello Links for this episode: 50th ICAAC ICAAC daily press conference videos (including Prof. Myra McClure) Antigenic cartography Antimicrobial properties of copper

MicrobeWorld Video and This Week in Virology team up to bring you a tour of the 50th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) in Boston. In this episode the host of TWiV, Vincent Racaniello, speaks with exhibitors and visitors, including Professors Derek Smith, Michael Schmidt, Frederick Hayden, and Myra McClure. Host links Vincent Racaniello Links for this episode: 50th ICAAC ICAAC daily press conference videos (including Prof. Myra McClure) Antigenic cartography Antimicrobial properties of copper

On episode #99 of the podcast This Week in Virology, Vincent tours the 50th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC), speaking with exhibitors and visitors, including Professors Derek Smith, Michael Schmidt, Frederick Hayden, and Myra McClure. Host links Vincent Racaniello Links for this episode: 50th ICAAC ICAAC daily press conference videos (including Prof. Myra McClure) Antigenic cartography Antimicrobial properties of copper

MicrobeWorld Video and This Week in Virology team up to bring you a tour of the 50th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) in Boston. In this episode the host of TWiV, Vincent Racaniello, speaks with exhibitors and visitors, including Professors Derek Smith, Michael Schmidt, Frederick Hayden, and Myra McClure. Host links Vincent Racaniello Links for this episode: 50th ICAAC ICAAC daily press conference videos (including Prof. Myra McClure) Antigenic cartography Antimicrobial properties of copper

Dr. Anthony Fauci is the director of NIAID – the National Institutes for Allergy and Infectious Disease – where he is also Chief of the Laboratory of Immunoregulation. Dr. Fauci’s research interests lie primarily in the molecular mechanisms of HIV and AIDS, and he has published extensively on the interactions of HIV with the immune system. He’ll be speaking at the opening session of ICAAC – the Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy – on October 25 in Washington DC, where he’ll describe some of the remaining challenges in the fight against HIV, tuberculosis, and antibiotic resistant microbes. Dr. Fauci is not only a researcher, he is also an important player in science policy in the U.S. He was a primary architect of PEPFAR, the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, a program that received reauthorization and has a budget of $48 billion for HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria around the world. In honor of his efforts to improve our understanding and treatment of HIV and AIDS, Dr. Fauci was recently awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation’s highest civil award. In this interview, I talked with Dr. Fauci about progress in managing infectious disease on a global scale, why it’s the “devil you don’t know” that is still the scariest infectious disease of all, and about the roles of abstinence education and condom awareness in PEPFAR.

Audio Journal of Medicine, September 21st, 2007 Reporting from: 47th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC), Chicago, 2007 Hospital Hand Hygiene Program Successfully Rolled Out LINDSAY GRAYSON, Austin Hospital, Victoria, Australia REFERENCE: Abstract K-1374/ICAAC Congress 2007 Chicago 16-20 September A hand hygiene campaign implemented in six hospitals in Victoria, Australia has saved lives from MRSA, and saved twice as much money as it cost. Lindsay Grayson from Austin Hospital explained his data to Derek Thorne.

Audio Journal of Medicine, September 21st, 2007 Reporting from: 47th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC), Chicago, 2007 Colistin Use Linked to Outbreak of Rare Hospital Infection RAMON GUEVARA, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health REFERENCE: Abstract K-1942/ICAAC Congress 2007 Chicago 16-20 September A report on a hospital outbreak involving a rare pathogen, which was presented at ICAAC, may have an important message for the whole field of infection control. Elizabethkingia Meningoseptica was found in a Los Angles hospital outbreak in 2006 and its emergence was linked to the use of colistin. So was this antibiotic selecting for the pathogen? Derek Thorne spoke with Ramon Guevara of Los Angeles County Department of Public Health.

Audio Journal of Medicine, September 21st, 2007 Reporting from: 47th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC), Chicago, 2007 Which HIV Treatment is Best for Patients with HIV and Hepatitis C? JUAN BERENGUER, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid REFERENCE: Abstract V-1385/ICAAC Congress 2007 Chicago 16-20 September A retrospective study has thrown doubt on the theory that protease inhibitors (PIs) are a preferable antiretroviral treatment for patients co-infected with HIV and Hepatitis C virus. Previous research had suggested that PIs had a more beneficial effect on liver fibrosis than NNRTIs, but a study based at the Hospital Gregorio Marañón in Madrid has found the opposite. Derek Thorne discussed the data with Juan Berenguer.

Audio Journal of Medicine, September 21st, 2007 Reporting from: 47th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC), Chicago, 2007 Broad Approach, Including Computer System, to Improve Hospital Hygiene YEHUDA CARMELI, Tel-Aviv Medical Center REFERENCE: Abstract K-1373/ICAAC Congress 2007 Chicago 16-20 September Hospitals can prevent significant numbers of infections by taking up a multi-faceted approach, including the use of a computer program to guide the isolation of patients. Derek Thorne spoke to Yehuda Carmeli of the Tel-Aviv Medical Center about his hospital’s experience.

Audio Journal of Medicine, September 21st, 2007 Reporting from: 47th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC), Chicago, 2007 BORIS: A. baumanni Highly Resistant β-Lactamase and Varying Susceptibility Patterns JANE HATA, bioMéríeux Inc, Durham REFERENCE: Slide Session C2-1360/ICAAC Congress 2007 Chicago 16-20 September Reports from the BORIS study call for ongoing surveillance of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter Baumanii. Investigators found varying susceptibility and resistance patterns across the United States that highlight the organisms ability to adapt. Nicola Solomon spoke with Jane Hata of bioMéríeux.

Audio Journal of Medicine, September 21st, 2007 Reporting from: 47th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC), Chicago, 2007 DUET 1 and 2 Trials: TMC 125 has Superior Virologic and Immunologic Response Rates PEDRO CAHN, Juan A. Fernández Hospital, Buenos Aires REFERENCE: Abstract H-717/ICAAC Congress 2007 Chicago 16-20 September Etravirine provides a chance to rescue patients who are failing non-nucleoside regimens according to 24-week pooled results of the DUET-1 and -2 studies. Nicola Solomon discussed these major trials with Pedro Cahn, of Juan A. Fernández Hospital in Buenos Aires.

Audio Journal of Medicine, September 18th, 2007 Reporting from: 47th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC), Chicago, 2007 Starting Antiretroviral Therapy Can Trigger Leprosy DIANA LOCKWOOD, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine REFERENCE: Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 17 – 20 September 2007, Chicago ICAAC delegates heard that ‘hidden’ leprosy can be triggered in some patients who are receiving HIV antiretroviral therapy. So what might this mean for the countries that are rolling out this therapy to large numbers of people? Derek Thorne discussed the issue with Diana Lockwood of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.

Audio Journal of Medicine, September 18th, 2007 Reporting from: 47th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC), Chicago, 2007 Maraviroc for HIV: Responses at 48 Weeks JACOB LALEZARI, Quest Clinical Research, San Francisco REFERENCE: Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 17 – 20 September 2007, Chicago Maraviroc could be a useful new drug for the treatment of some HIV infections, according to Jacob Lalezari of Quest Clinical Research in San Francisco. He presented 48 week results from the MOTIVATE 1 study and Derek Thorne spoke to him at ICAAC in Chicago

Audio Journal of Medicine, September 18th, 2007 Reporting from: 47th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC), Chicago, 2007 Entecavir for Hepatitis B Linked to HIV Resistance MOIRA MCMAHON, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore REFERENCE: Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 17 – 20 September 2007, Chicago The hepatitis B drug entecavir appears to select for a drug resistant HIV mutation – and this has implications for patients infected with both viruses. Derek Thorne got the details from Moira McMahon from Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore.

Audio Journal of Medicine, September 18th, 2007 Reporting from: 47th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC), Chicago, 2007 Monoclonal Antibody to Help Treat HIV? JEFFREY JACOBSON, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia REFERENCE: Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 17 – 20 September 2007, Chicago Could a monoclonal antibody have a role to play in HIV treatment? Early data on the PRO 140 antibody, presented at ICAAC, show that it does give responses. Derek Thorne discussed this news approach with Jeffrey Jacobson of Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia.

Audio Journal of Global Health Issues, September 19th, 2007 Reporting from: 47th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC), Chicago, 2007 Vancomycin: New Guidelines May Induce Kidney Damage MEGAN NGUYEN, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona REFERENCE: Poster Session 104 K-1096/ICAAC Congress 2007 Chicago 16-20 September New vancomycin guidelines that recommend using higher doses may cause kidney damage according to a study presented at the 2007 ICAAC meeting. Nicola Solomon discussed this new finding with Megan Nguyen of Western University of Health Sciences.

Audio Journal of Medicine, September 18th, 2007 Reporting from: 47th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC), Chicago, 2007 Nosocomial Clostridrium Difficile: Reduce by Cleaning with Household Bleach DONNA HACEK, Evanston Hospital, Evanston IL REFERENCE: Slide Session 42 K-608 Thorough, all surface bleach cleaning helps to achieve a significant and sustained reduction in nosocomial C. difficile infections according to a study from Evanston Hospital. Nicola Solomon discussed the results of this simple technique with Donna Hacek.

Audio Journal of Medicine, September 18th, 2007 Reporting from: 47th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC), Chicago, 2007 Bortezomib for Multiple Myeloma Can Cause Reactivation of Viruses GEORG HÄRTER, University Hospital, Ulm REFERENCE: Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 17 – 20 September 2007, Chicago For patients with multiple myeloma being treated with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, doctor’s should be wary of viral reactivation – and they should give antiviral prophylaxis in all cases. This finding was unveiled at ICAAC by Georg Härter from the University Hospital in Ulm, and he shared his data with Derek Thorne.

Audio Journal of Medicine, September 18th, 2007 Reporting from: 47th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC), Chicago, 2007 MRSA: Fight Superbug Using Hydrogen Peroxide Vapour JON OTTER, Bioquell Ltd, Andover UK REFERENCE: Poster Session 033 K-464, ICAAC 2007 Chicago 17-20 September An investigation looking at hydrogen peroxide vapour for sterilisation in hospital areas at risk of an outbreak of MRSA revealed that it can significantly reduce environmental contamination. Nicola Solomon discussed this new technique with Jon Otter of Bioquell Ltd.