Podcasts about foundational concepts

In the second episode of their continuing look at Foundational Concepts and how they interact with Pillar 2, Harriet and Grahame think about the concept of Tax Residence and whether it has a place to play in Pillar 2.

In this episode (the first of a short series about foundational concepts and how they interact with Pillar 2) Harriet Brown and Grahame Jackson discuss the impact that Pillar 2 has on the concept of the tax base. Is the idea of a tax base relevant to Pillar 2? If so how? They skirt around the future of Pillar 2 and the Trump Administration.

Key Takeaways:[8:25] Nick Bronn does a quick introduction about himself.[9:23] At what point in Nick's academic career did he find he was attracted to quantum computing rather than the condensed matter physical started to get drawn into the field?[13:27] When Nick joined IBM, did they have a functioning superconducting qubit? Was there a transmon that was operational at that point? Or was it still building the first one in IBM?[17:23] How a transmon qubit does its thing?[20:27] Nick explains the DiVincenzo criteria.[25:25] Nick explains how you can build whatever wavefunction you want with transmon qubits.[28:40] Nick mentioned transitioning from experimental to more, such as the theory and the software. What was the motivator for Nick to get more involved in how to program these things?[33:43] How would Nick recommend somebody who has not done a few decades in the lab doing the kind of necessary work to acquire his intuition on factors and what kind of budget they should have for certain resources to know to avoid one idiom of code versus another? [36:27] Is there a way to encourage people to include a Jupyter Notebook with their code in the papers they post to the arxiv?[41:25] Nick shares about his work in trying to actually create Majorana braiding on the superconducting qubits.[46:10] Nick talks about other techniques such as variational algorithms.[48:14] What are we going to see in the short to medium term, what will the big breakthroughs be? [51:01] Nick is trying to simulate Majoranas state using the qubits. Would there be any learnings there or applications that would help in terms of error mitigation or error correction? [53:33] Nick shares his thoughts on Majoranas and the very strong theoretical justification for their existence. [56:16] Nick encourages physicists to learn to code, and developers to learn physics.[58:01] Sebastian and Kevin share the highlights of an amazing conversation with Nick Bronn.LinksNick's video on error correctionDiVincenzo's criteriaQiskit site, an incredible resource for learning!The paper Nick mentioned by Bryce Fuller and Antonio Mezzocapo, Second-quantized fermionic operators with polylogarithmic qubit and gate complexityThe paper where Nick collaborated with David Pekker on simulating Majorana braiding on IBM's superconducting qubits. Tweetables and Quotes:“We're supposed to think about quantum computers as being a digital type of thing, you have these fundamental universal gates set, and that is not necessarily a continuous thing. But if you understand how the physics of these microwave operations work, then sometimes you can frame certain problems in a more efficient way, and reduce the overall amount of error that you incur.” — Nick Bronn“We do have a large community of quantum computing users. And, and it's kind of, it's moving so fast that it's not even, it's not very easy to kind of convey what the best way to do everything is, l there's no standard operating procedure, no kind of best practices.” — Nick Bronn“Physicists are not good coders, but just know enough to be dangerous.” — Nick Bronn“What is incredibly interesting about the condensed matter of physics is that they allow you to understand the properties of materials, even crazy materials, like superconductors with relatively simple models.” — Nick Bronn

Pastor Mark wraps up our "Generous and Content" mini-series on Finances as part of our our year-long journey to answer to question: "Do I Trust God?".   Speaker: Mark Posthuma   CFC Website: https://www.cheneyfaithcenter.org CFC Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cheneyfaithcenter CFC Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/cheney_faith_center   #cheneyfaithcenter #cheney #cheneywashington #churchonline

When we think of having a successful relationship we think about communication, respect, commitment, etc. and those things are contributing factors to building a successful relationship. However, before you can build you must first have a solid foundation. In this Episode I give you 3 Foundational Concepts that will help you to have a Successful Relationship.

References: https://docs.google.com/document/d/149eB9PG1d3rLXETpWCBK_YBFQMMVNyXLWXR4h_jLW6U/edit?usp=sharing

References: https://docs.google.com/document/d/149eB9PG1d3rLXETpWCBK_YBFQMMVNyXLWXR4h_jLW6U/edit?usp=sharing

Can we create a course that ensures a student is proficient in all concept groups and not just in some? Where everyone who passes is at a B+ level of proficiency (or better)? In this episode, host Kevin Patton describes his experiment with what he calls proficiency grading. And we have new and appropriately controversial selection for The A&P Professor Book Club: The One World School House by Salman Khan. 00:00 | Introduction 00:56 | Book Club: The One World School House 13:30 | Sponsored by AAA 14:20 | Does Averaging Grades Measure Proficiency? 21:35| Sponsored by HAPI 22:20 | Importance of Foundation Concepts 29:46| Sponsored by HAPS 30:26 | Example of Proficiency Testing 38:47 | Staying Connected   ★ If you cannot see or activate the audio player, go to: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-103.html

In this episode we dive into some of the most foundation concepts with the system of Ayurveda. Paigey takes the lead as we dive into the inner working of this incredible holistic health system. We chat about - Samyoga/Viyoga - Svastha, the state of perfect individual health - The Gurvadi Gunas or 20 qualities - The Doshas in relation to these 20 qualities - & much, much more As promised, here is the list of opposites: Heavy/Light, Dull/Sharp, Cold/Hot, Oily/Dry, Smooth/Rough, Dense/Liquid, Soft/Hard, Stable/Mobile, Gross/Subtle, Cloudy/Clear We'd love to hear from you, reach out via social media or find more on our website www.levelup.yoga --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/levelupyoga/message

"Coach Sandra Hendrix has been a financial advisor and founded her own distribution and logistics business. She is currently the Chief Operating Officer for Coldwell Banker México. Since 2016 she's worked as a coach, member of the Tom Ferry International team. She loves to grow and live outside of her comfort zone. She coined the concept, her personal mantra, she always learns: when we change the way we see things, things change. This is the best time to be alive in human history, of course. So it's amazing to have great energy, passion is energy so it counts a lot." In this episode, we talk about: - The Foundational Concepts of Leadership - Having a clear vision for you and your team - Building real estate teams - Finding your passion and purpose - Performance and just cause - Adapting a culture of service and contribution - Breaking points in hiring people for the team - 8 Levels of Performance - Systems, Operations, and Processes - Building your brand with your unique selling proposition and reputation and many more... Let's connect + be friends: Sandra - https://www.instagram.com/sandra_hendrix_/, https://linktr.ee/sandrahendrix David - https://www.instagram.com/davidccaldwell/, https://linktr.ee/davidccaldwell David is a licensed real estate broker in the State of Oregon with eXp Realty LLC and a business coach with Tom Ferry International. eXp is a global online brokerage that's powered by top agents and cutting-edge technology. Whether you're a real estate agent or have a team, or you're thinking about a career in real estate, eXp Realty offers every agent the unique opportunity to become a shareholder in their own company and celebrate the company's financial success. Join more than 40,000 agents worldwide who are growing their business, income, and skills with eXp. Want to learn more about eXp Realty? Schedule a call here with David Caldwell or Amy Rhew.

Reflections on Spiritual Formation: Foundational Concepts Over the years the topic of spiritual formation has developed a unique vocabulary and set of terms. If last week's midweek video was a prologue to our spiritual formation series, this week's video is the series' introduction. Today we talk about some of the key terms and basic ideas found in this topic, as well as, a few key biblical texts regarding spiritual formation. Spiritual formation is about moving out of the shallows and into the depths of life with God. We'd love to have you join us for this important conversation!

In this episode, Wesley talks gives us details about the coolest roman goddess ever and Abigail finishes her story on Cicada 3301. Follow us on Twitter and Instagram @penandpurgatory Email: Penanceandpurgatory@gmail.com Liber Primus pictures: https://uncovering-cicada.fandom.com/wiki/Liber_Primus Sources: “Minerva • Facts and Information on the Goddess Minerva.” Greek Gods & Goddesses, greekgodsandgoddesses.net/goddesses/minerva/. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Minerva.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 27 May 2019, www.britannica.com/topic/Minerva-Roman-goddess. All Things Considered. “The Internet's Cicada: A Mystery Without An Answer.” NPR, NPR, 5 Jan. 2014, www.npr.org/2014/01/05/259959632/the-internets-cicada-a-mystery-without-an-answer. Bassil, Matt. “Cicada 3301: the Coders Still Working on the Internet's Strangest Mystery.” The Face, The Face, 27 May 2020, theface.com/life/cicada-3301-the-codebreakers-still-working-on-the-internets-strangest-mystery. Cicada 3301. “Liber Primus.” Dropbox, www.dropbox.com/sh/lkta4q921vliyuw/AADmZ1YUHXWSjSizlMGZHXVMa?dl=0. “Cicada 3301: The Mysterious Puzzle Of The Internet.” Eyerys, Eyerys, 27 June 2018, www.eyerys.com/articles/timeline/cicada-3301-test. Hare, Kevin, and Pindar Van Arman. Computer Science Principles: the Foundational Concepts of Computer Science for AP Computer Science. 2020th ed., vol. 3, Yellow Dart Publishing, 2020. “Liber Primus.” Uncovering Cicada Wiki, uncovering-cicada.fandom.com/wiki/Liber_Primus. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/penance-and-purgatory/support

In our pilot episode of Penance and Purgatory, Wesley tells us about the series of assaults committed by a "person" named Spring-heeled Jack. Abigail tells us about a hoax that involves Charles Darwin and a female evangelist.  *Sorry about the audio, it definitely gets better. Email: Penanceandpurgatoy@gmail.com Follow us on Instagram and Twitter: @Penandpurgatory Darwins notes: https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letters/about-letters Sources: Grundhauser, Eric. “Meet Spring-Heeled Jack, the Leaping Devil That Terrorized Victorian England.” Atlas Obscura, Atlas Obscura, 19 Oct. 2018, www.atlasobscura.com/articles/meet-springheeled-jack-the-leaping-devil-that-terrorized-victorian-england. Lamoureux, Aimee. “Before Jack The Ripper Terrorized London, There Was Spring-Heeled Jack.” All That's Interesting, All That's Interesting, 17 Sept. 2019, allthatsinteresting.com/spring-heeled-jack. Nelson, January. “27 Facts About Spring-Heeled Jack, The Killer Who Could Be A Human Or Could Be A Creature.” Thought Catalog, 3 Sept. 2018, thoughtcatalog.com/january-nelson/2018/08/spring-heeled-jack/. All Things Considered. “The Internet's Cicada: A Mystery Without An Answer.” NPR, NPR, 5 Jan. 2014, www.npr.org/2014/01/05/259959632/the-internets-cicada-a-mystery-without-an-answer. Bassil, Matt. “Cicada 3301: the Coders Still Working on the Internet's Strangest Mystery.” The Face, The Face, 27 May 2020, theface.com/life/cicada-3301-the-codebreakers-still-working-on-the-internets-strangest-mystery. Cicada 3301. “Liber Primus.” Dropbox, www.dropbox.com/sh/lkta4q921vliyuw/AADmZ1YUHXWSjSizlMGZHXVMa?dl=0. “Cicada 3301: The Mysterious Puzzle Of The Internet.” Eyerys, Eyerys, 27 June 2018, www.eyerys.com/articles/timeline/cicada-3301-test. Hare, Kevin, and Pindar Van Arman. Computer Science Principles: the Foundational Concepts of Computer Science for AP Computer Science. 2020th ed., vol. 3, Yellow Dart Publishing, 2020. “Liber Primus.” Uncovering Cicada Wiki, uncovering-cicada.fandom.com/wiki/Liber_Primus. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/penance-and-purgatory/support

We as a church and us as individual believers must remain mouldable in Gods hand throughout the seasons of life and history. However, that moulding can also come from other sources and hence become tangential to Gods purpose. These sources can come in the form of societal expectations, cultural pressures and or selfish motivations. How do we have the right balance? I believe God shows us in His Word and the picture of this is clay. We need to have a clay culture in the church. Sermon starts at 28:26

Dr. Mica Mitchell is a pediatric physical therapist and a professor at Methodist University in Fayetteville, NC. She serves as the APTA Pediatrics North Carolina State Pediatric Advocacy Liaison and is a member of the Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion workgroup within APTA Pediatrics. In part one of this this two-part series, we talked with Dr. Mitchell about the foundational concepts of diversity, equity, and inclusion, and how the understanding of these topics is paramount to practicing as a pediatric physical therapist or aspiring pediatric physical therapist. Dr. Mitchell describes how an understanding of diversity, equity, and inclusion propel us forward as clinicians and support our patients and clients during their time with us. Resources: Dr. Mica Mitchell on Twitter @MMitchellPCS APTA Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion: https://www.apta.org/apta-and-you/diversity-equity-and-inclusion Harvard's Project Implicit for implicit bias testing: https://implicit.harvard.edu/implicit/education.html Johns Hopkins Diversity Wheel: https://www.jhsph.edu/_archive/redesign-jhsph-edu/phase-3/diversity-and-inclusion/_images/wheel.jpg On Intersectionality: Essential Writings by Kimberlé W. Crenshaw: https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/books/255/ As always, thanks for listening to the SNP Podcast where we talk about all things pediatric physical therapy for students and new professionals! If you liked our show, subscribe so you never miss a new episode! To connect with us in more ways than just this podcast, follow us on Instagram (@snp_appt) Twitter (@snp_appt) or Facebook (APTA APPT Students and New Professionals) Host: Chelsea Lasky-McFarlin, PT, DPT Music by Scott Miller

In this bonus episode, Kristy and Angie review The Seven Levels of Intimacy by Matthew Kelly. Kelly teaches that intimacy must develop in a linear fashion, step by step. Learn how applying the different levels can support the true purpose of a relationship: to help, challenge, encourage, and inspire each other to become the best version of ourselves. We promise this resource will excite you for what’s possible for your relationship! “Intimacy is mutual self revelation. It is two people constantly discovering and rediscovering each other.” RESOURCES AND REFERENCES: 1. The Seven Levels of Intimacy by Matthew Kelly 2. Facilitating Positive Change- Reviewing The Seven Levels of IntimacyCHAPTER MARKERS: 1:10- Foundational Concepts of Intimacy4:22- Angie's Story- Mutual support builds intimacy7:18- Matthew Kelly's definition of intimacy: Intimacy is mutual self- revelation. It is two people constantly discovering and rediscovering each other. 9:09- 1st Level of Intimacy- Cliches13:52- 2nd Level of Intimacy- Facts15:56- 3rd Level of Intimacy- Opinions17:42- 4th Level of Intimacy- Hopes, Dreams, Fears, Passions20:16- 5th Level of Intimacy- Feelings26:53- 6th Level of Intimacy- Faults, Fears, and Failures30:06- 7th Level of Intimacy- Legitimate Needs33:20- The purpose of discipline in Intimacy

Ladies, so many of you – especially if you’ve had a baby – can relate to this one. Ever sneezed and leaked a little? Or maybe had pain with sex, pelvic pain, pain with tampon use, low back pain, constipation, or urinary frequency? Pelvic floor issues are so common and often get ignored!  Check out Health is PowHer’s interview with Sarah Dominguez, PT, MSPT, CLT, WCS, CMTPT, a pelvic dysfunction expert who has dedicated her career to helping women in this area. She is also board certified in women’s health and is the co-founder of Foundational Concepts, an integrative physical therapy clinic in Kansas City. She is just a phenomenal woman helping women with a whole health approach. Sarah's full bio can be found here In this episode, Sarah discusses one of the most important ways to manage and prevent hip pain, low back pain, bladder issues and even constipation, neck pain, headaches, and TMJ - all related to the pelvic floor! And it's surprising how simple this therapy is! She has tons of resources to check out at her clinic's website: Foundational Concepts and the Pelvic Chronicles Blog. On Instagram, you can find her @pelvicchronicles Health Is PowHer Website and Episode Page Here Music By Balloon (Audrin Baghaie): SoundCloud and YouTube

Join hosts Anders Larson, FSA, MAAA, and Shea Parkes, FSA, MAAA, for the second in a series of podcasts focused on Python. After giving an introduction to the popular programming language in our previous episode, they discuss some key concepts in Python, such as its object-oriented framework, the idea of namespaces, the ability to create package sets and a few other topics.

This episode briefly explores some of the very basic, foundational terminology of Assessment in the context of Athletic Training Education.

Two things you probably didn’t know before listening to this episode – there’s a World Sexual Health Day, and that there’s such a thing as Pelvic PT. I talked to Kelsey Beech, DPT of Foundational Concepts about why people need to think about their pelvic floor health. She explained what pelvic floor therapy is all about. Take note – this conversation is not just for women! Men have pain in their genitals too that can be solved by seeing someone like a pelvic floor therapist. Kelsey even taught me to do Kegels correctly! We also talked about what our parents think of what we do (hint: her mom was shocked when she found out sometimes she has to put her finger in someone’s anus or vagina), how a whole generation of women were done a disservice by having unnecessary hysterectomies, her work with MTF Trans patients, and how we are owning what we do respectively for people’s sexual health. Mentioned in the episode: Find Kelsey Beach, DPT and other practitioners from Foundational Concepts via their website, Instagram and Facebook. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

For millennia, humans have cultivated deep relationships with psychoactive plants — relationships embedded within and guided by ritual frameworks honoring the powers of these plants as allies. As cultures have evolved, so also have these plant-human interactions, often in ways that are highly interdependent.David Presti, who teaches neurobiology, psychology and cognitive science at UC Berkeley, gave an opening talk March 21 for the Lounge Lecture Series at the Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology, alongside the new exhibit, Pleasure, Poison, Prescription and Prayer: The Worlds of Mind-Altering Substances, which runs March 15 to Dec. 15.Presti has been on the faculty of Berkeley's Department of Molecular and Cell Biology for 28 years. He teaches classes on topics related to brain, mind, consciousness, neurochemistry and psychopharmacology. For more than a decade, he worked in the treatment of addiction and of post-traumatic stress disorder at the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center in San Francisco. And for the past 15 years, he has been teaching neuroscience and conversing about science with Tibetan Buddhist monastics in India, Bhutan and Nepal. He is author of Foundational Concepts in Neuroscience: A Brain-Mind Odyssey (2016) and Mind Beyond Brain (2018).For upcoming events, visit the Heart Museum of Anthropology's website.Read the transcript on Berkeley News. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Anders and Shea go in-depth with some core concepts about the way R works, including vectors, functions, lists, factors and method dispatch. A solid understanding of the inner workings of the language will lead to more efficient coding and less time debugging via Google search.

Given 10/20/2018 By Rabbi Mendel Kessin TorahThinking.com | Glossary

Welcome to episode #065 of the I.T. Career Energiser, a weekly podcast where your host Phil Burgess chats with inspiring I.T. professionals, consultants and experts from around the world. To find out more about the podcast visit itcareerenergizer.com And remember to Subscribe to get new episodes automatically downloaded to your device. In today’s episode, Phil chats with featured guest, Nicki Watt. Nicki is an experienced software engineer and consultant and is currently the Chief Technical Officer at OpenCredo. She can be seen speaking at various conferences and is also co-author of the graph database book "Neo4j in Action”.  

Part 2 of our interview with Nicole Debrie, PT and Pelvic Floor Specialist. Nicole focuses on common issues and injuries that can occur with female athletes and focuses on the need to strengthen our core muscles for recovery and better performance.                                      Having a flat ass as a runner is pretty common. Our ‘bum’ as polite Nicole calls it, is part of our core system in our body and we do not have a sturdy base other muscles have to compensate. The muscles that make up our core are the diaphragm, the abdominal muscles and our pelvic floor muscles and glutes.   Pregnancy can exacerbate issues that you might not have had trouble with earlier, but occur after pregnancy and postpartum. Also, sports that can emphasise muscle definition ( the global muscles) over stabilization (the core muscles) can put the system as a whole at risk.   We can’t strengthen a muscle if our brain can’t find it! The brain nerve connection is an important aspect of physical therapy and how we can recover from an injury.                                                                                                                                                                                              So You Know She Is Legit...   Nicole DeBrie is a pelvic floor physical therapist in Kansas City, MO. She specializes in treating both males and females with pelvic pain, back pain, SI joint pain, urinary or fecal incontinence, bowel dysfunction, prolapse, pain with intercourse and pregnancy-related pain or issues. Nicole studied at Kansas State University in Manhattan, KS, receiving a Bachelor of Science degree in Kinesiology in 2012. She then completed her doctorate of physical therapy at Rockhurst University in 2016. Nicole was drawn to pelvic floor physical therapy immediately upon being exposed to this population during PT school. She completed a full-time internship at Foundational Concepts (a clinic specializing in the treatment of pelvic floor disorders), receiving extensive training in pelvic floor physical therapy, before accepting a position there as a full-time physical therapist in 2016. She has continued to further her knowledge in pelvic floor PT through continuing education courses with the Herman and Wallace institute. Nicole is working towards obtaining her Women’s Health Certified Specialist (WCS) certification through the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA). Nicole has a special interest in treating women with pre- and postnatal musculoskeletal conditions. She strives to help women during and after pregnancy maintain or return to their desired level of function or exercise. As an avid endurance runner and two-time Boston Marathon qualifier herself, Nicole feels she can relate with this active population. Nicole believes there is no “cook-book recipe” on the right way to recover from or navigate through pregnancy. She is devoted to working with patients individually to meet their unique needs and goals. When not at work, Nicole enjoys running, hiking, traveling, brunching and doing all-things outdoorsy!   How to Connect with Nicole Debrie:     nicole@foundationalconcepts.net   Check out Foundational Concepts, for more information on pelvic floor dysfunction, recovery during pregnancy and postpartum and PT for the active woman. https://www.foundationalconcepts.com/

This is Part 1 of a 2 part interview with the lovely Nicole DeBrie, physical therapist to women. Today she speaks about the importance of the pelvic floor in women’s health and being active as well as what happens to our body when we carry and deliver a baby. Kara shares her story of the difficulty of ‘bouncing back’ after having a baby and returning to the running trails.  The pelvic floor is one important group of muscles for us women.            Nicole describes what these muscles            are and do. Common issues that can occur with pregnancy that PT can help with: diastasis recti, pelvic girdle pain, urinary incontinence, bowel dysfunction, prolapse and swelling. After your six week appointment with the MD and you are clear to go, but you feel differently. Some pain is not normal and we need to give ourselves time and patience to heal. So You Know She Is Legit... Nicole DeBrie is a pelvic floor physical therapist in Kansas City, MO. She specializes in treating both males and females with pelvic pain, back pain, SI joint pain, urinary or fecal incontinence, bowel dysfunction, prolapse, pain with intercourse and pregnancy-related pain or issues. Nicole studied at Kansas State University in Manhattan, KS, receiving a Bachelor of Science degree in Kinesiology in 2012. She then completed her doctorate of physical therapy at Rockhurst University in 2016. Nicole was drawn to pelvic floor physical therapy immediately upon being exposed to this population during PT school. She completed a full-time internship at Foundational Concepts (a clinic specializing in the treatment of pelvic floor disorders), receiving extensive training in pelvic floor physical therapy, before accepting a position there as a full-time physical therapist in 2016. She has continued to further her knowledge in pelvic floor PT through continuing education courses with the Herman and Wallace institute. Nicole is working towards obtaining her Women’s Health Certified Specialist (WCS) certification through the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA). Nicole has a special interest in treating women with pre- and postnatal muskuloskeletal conditions. She strives to help women during and after pregnancy maintain or return to their desired level of function or exercise. As an avid endurance runner and two-time Boston Marathon qualifier herself, Nicole feels she can relate with this active population. Nicole believes there is no “cook-book recipe” on the right way to recover from or navigate through pregnancy. She is devoted to working with patients individually to meet their unique needs and goals. When not at work, Nicole enjoys running, hiking, traveling, brunching and doing all-things outdoorsy! How to Connect with Nicole:  Nicole is at Foundational Concepts, a specialty physical therapy group that specializes in the pelvic floor. Check out their website and blog for further information about pelvic floor and women’s health issues. https://www.foundationalconcepts.com/

Baetjer explains scarcity, the problem that any given good of finite supply can only ever be put to some of the many ends for which we might use it, and opportunity cost, the concept that taking one option costs us the benefit we would have gotten from taking the next-best option instead.

Howard Baetjer outlines some basic concepts essential to understanding economics, including the natures of wealth and economic value.

Baetjer illustrates the harmful effects of economic regulations and argues that we ought to instead prefer economic liberty.

Baetjer argues that the incentives inherent in market institutions outperform the incentives inherent in state institutions in getting people to properly consider the well-being of others when they act.

The trial-and-error based profit and loss mechanism, says Baetjer, is an indispensable tool for guiding discovery and innovation in the economy.

Continuing his discussion of prices, Baetjer explains what can go wrong when outside interference prevents genuine market prices from emerging.

Prices, explains Baetjer, are a powerful tool for getting people the knowledge they need to cooperate with one another in the market.

Having discussed supply and demand separately, Baetjer explains how, together, they describe the way markets operate.

Baetjer explains the “supply” half of “supply and demand.”

Baetjer explains the “demand” half of “supply and demand.”

Building on the concept of opportunity cost, Baetjer explains how specialization and trade make us richer.

All economic behavior occurs at the margin. The decisions of economic actors are “bit by bit” decisions, not all-or-nothing ones.