Podcasts about britannica

Entérate de lo que está cambiando el podcasting y el marketing digital:-El peso cultural y económico de los hispanos transforma los medios en EE. UU.-Se abre la venta de entradas para las JPOD25 en Terrassa.-El audio como nueva joya del marketing de lujo.-Britannica y Merriam-Webster llevan a Perplexity a los tribunales-Meta refuerza su apuesta publicitaria con IA y nuevos formatos.Patrocinios ¿Estás en la CDMX y quieres grabar tu pódcast? RSS.media by RSS.com es tu “ONE STOP SHOP”. Graba, edita, aloja, promueve y monetiza con nosotros. Visítanos en www.rss.media y haz tu idea realidad. Entérate, en solo cinco minutos, sobre las noticias, herramientas, tips y recursos que te ayudarán a crear un pódcast genial y exitoso. Subscríbete a la “newsletter“ de Via Podcast.

 These famous names weren't born famous. From Bob Dylan to David Bowie, discover how six stars reinvented themselves—starting with a name change.What do Bob Dylan, Katy Perry, and David Bowie have in common? None of those were their original names. In this final episode of You Won't Believe Who These Names Belong To, we explore how six celebrities—and two curveball bonus entries—changed their public identity by changing their names.This isn't just trivia. It's transformation.You'll meet artists who dodged confusion, dropped Roman numerals, or launched candy-coated personas to take control of their legacy.⭐ Who will surprise you the most?⭐ Which name feels like a total mismatch?⭐ And what does your name say about you?

But I need my truck to drive to my job at JPMorgan. BONUS EPISODES available on Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/deniersplaybook) SOCIALS & MORE (https://linktr.ee/deniersplaybook) WANT TO ADVERTISE WITH US? Please contact sponsors@multitude.productions DISCLAIMER: Some media clips have been edited for length and clarity. CREDITS Created by: Rollie Williams, Nicole Conlan & Ben BoultHosts: Rollie Williams & Nicole ConlanExecutive Producer: Ben Boult Editor: Paul Ramsdell & Laura ConteProducers: Daniella Philipson, Irene PlagianosArchival Producer: Margaux SaxAdditional Research and Fact Checking: Carly Rizzuto & Canute HaroldsonMusic: Tony Domenick Art: Jordan Doll Special Thanks: The Civil Liberties Defense CenterSOURCES18 SUVs Built on a Truck Frame (Truck Based SUV 2023) - Four Wheel Trends (2021, April 18). Four Wheel Trends.Author: Keith Bradsher. (2002). High and mighty: SUVs—the world's most dangerous vehicles and how they got that way. Public Affairs.Jeep Cherokee Commercial (1975). Bionic Disco. (2020, July 3).Propaganda paved the way for an automotive society. Boenau, A. (2023, August 18). Urbanism Speakeasy.Automotive ad investment remains stuck in reverse gear | WARC. Brownsell, A. (2023, September 3).From workhorses to lifestyle vehicles: How pickup trucks got so big. Chase, W., Muller, J., & Whalen, J. (2023, January 23).How To Steal An Election | Climate Town. Climate Town. (2024, September 25).Clean Air Act: A Summary of the Act and Its Major Requirements. Congressional Research Service. (2022).What Year Did They Start Putting Seat Belts in Trucks?. Corp, G. S. (2023, November 25).F.E.A PROPOSING FREER REIN ON OIL. Cowan, E. (1975, May 16). The New York Times.America Made Us | Chrysler, Dodge, Jeep, Ram. Dodge. (2025, May 22).Arab oil embargo | international relations [1973]. Encyclopædia Britannica. (2018).Summary of the Clean Air Act. EPA. (2024, July 31).EPA moves to strike down California vehicle emission rules for good. Fisher, T. (2025, February 17).The Ford Kentucky Truck Plant | Ford Motor Company. Ford Motor Company. (2025, May 2).HISTORY OF FUEL ECONOMY One Decade of Innovation, Two Decades of Inaction 1970s. Frohman Lubetsky, J. (2011).THE ACCESS ALMANAC: The CAFÉ Standards Worked – ACCESS Magazine. Glazer, A. (1994, September).How A Tax On Chicken Changed The Playing Field For U.S. Automakers. Glinton, S. (2015, June 19). NPR.GM squandered our good will, setting off years of licks for corporate America. (2012, July 20).Auto Industry Fears New Rules Would Raise Costs and Lower Mileage. M. Callahan, J. (1975, February 2). The New York Times.Closing the Gap: Reevaluating CAFE Standards and the Light Truck Loophole. Marcotte, B. (2025). LSU Journal of Energy Law and Resources, 13(2).Lessons from Protectionism Past. McGillis, J. (2024, October 10). City Journal.Nader, R. (1965). Unsafe at any speed: the designed-in dangers of the American automobile. Knightsbridge Pub. Co.Drivers remember 1973-74 oil embargo. NBC 26 - Northeast Wisconsin. (2022, June 21).The Chicken Tax Explained. Norman, K. (2020, August 3).1976 Jeep J10 Pickup Commercial - First Date. OsbornTramain. (2016, July 15).1998 New Beetle “What Color do you Dream In” Commercial. pcressma. (2010, July 28).The Consumer's Truth: Myths and Facts about American Consumers and Fuel Economy. Public Citizen. (2003).Ram | Never Stop Being American | Nothing Stops Ram. Ram Trucks. (2025, June 14).50 Years of Progress. South Coast AQMD. (2016).CAFE Standards Could Mean Bigger Cars, Not Smaller Ones – Mechanical Engineering. Stewart, B. (2011, December 9).Subaru “I Survived” Stories. Subaru. (2015, April 17).Oil Crisis | Stock market Crash | OPEC | This Week| 1973. ThamesTv. (2017).The Chicken War of '63 Was a Tale Of Anger, Laughter and Portent. (1964, January 10). The New York Times.Volkswagen Beetle commercial - VW “Dome.”. Tricoastal71. (2009, August 24).A Brief History of US Fuel Efficiency Standards. Union of Concerned Scientists. (2017, December 6).Personal Transportation Factsheet. University of Michigan. (2023).Volkswagen Type 2. (2025). Classic Cars Wiki; Fandom, Inc.The reckless policies that helped fill our streets with ridiculously large cars. Zipper, D. (2024, April 28). Vox.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

In this enlightening episode, we dive into the world of early childhood education and environmental science with Ann Gadzikowski, the author of the forthcoming book, "Every Drop Counts: Exploring Water Science with Young Children in a Changing Climate." Ann shares her inspiration for writing this book and the joy of collaborating with water scientist Alexa Yeo, who brings a wealth of knowledge and special features to each chapter.Key Discussion Points:Inspiration and Collaboration: Ann discusses the motivation behind writing the book and the enriching collaboration with Alexa Yeo, who contributes as a content expert and author of the "Ask a Water Scientist" sections.Engaging Young Learners: Explore how the book provides early childhood educators with innovative ideas, resources, and activities to teach young children about the fascinating science of water, covering topics like hydrology, civil engineering, and environmental science.Practical Applications: Ann shares examples of activities designed to engage young minds in water science and how educators can seamlessly integrate these into their curricula.Impact on Education: Learn about Ann's vision for the book's impact on early childhood education and its role in fostering environmental awareness among young learners.Future Endeavors: Ann hints at future projects and topics she is eager to explore, continuing her mission to enhance early childhood education through science.Join us as we uncover the importance of teaching young children about water science and how educators can make a positive impact on future generations. Whether you're an educator, parent, or simply passionate about environmental education, this episode offers valuable insights and inspiration.Tune in and discover how every drop counts in nurturing young minds!Meet Ann: Ann Gadzikowski is an award-winning author and educator with a passion for nurturing children's creativity and curiosity. Ann's newest book Every Drop Counts: Exploring Water Science with Young Children in the Age of Climate Change will be published by Gryphon House in November 2025. A graduate of the Erikson Institute, Ann developed expertise in STEM learning through her role as early childhood coordinator for Northwestern University's Center for Talent Development. Ann served as a curriculum director and executive editor for Encyclopedia Britannica where she led the creation of family resources including Britannica for Parents. Currently, Ann serves as director of Families Together Cooperative Nursery School in Chicago. She also teaches early childhood education courses at Oakton College.Connect with Ann: Website: https://anngadzikowski.com/Purchase Every Drop Counts HERE.CONNECT WITH VICTORIA:WEBSITE: www.outdoor-classrooms.comEMAIL: Victoria@outdoor-classrooms.comInstagram: instagram.com/outdoor_classrooms/Facebook: Facebook.com/OutdoorClassrooms1OUTDOOR CLASSROOM RESOURCES:The Outdoor Classrooms CIRCLE Membership

Sam Bankman-Fried BioSnap a weekly updated Biography.Last week, Sam Bankman-Fried's legal drama intensified with headlines everywhere after US District Judge Lewis Kaplan shot down his request for release from jail, keeping him behind bars as appeals play out. Bankman-Fried, who was once the darling of crypto and a fixture in the political donor circuit, saw his $250 million bail revoked after the court found probable cause he tampered with witnesses according to Fact In Face. Locked up in Brooklyn's MDC, he's reportedly sharing the same dorm-style quarters with Sean Diddy Combs as PEOPLE magazine revealed—a pairing nobody in the financial press could have predicted, making for lots of social media chatter and memes.Turning to the courts, Bankman-Fried is not only dealing with jail time but also a barrage of fresh testimony and cross-examinations. On August 27, his ex-girlfriend and former Alameda Research CEO Caroline Ellison was again on the witness stand in proceedings scrutinized by the entire crypto industry as reported extensively by MVSU News. FTX's messy collapse continues playing out in the courtroom, with Ellison facing Bankman-Fried's lawyers in high-profile cross-examination sessions that have fueled daily Twitter speculation and spawned countless viral threads.As for his business ties and reputational fallout, the legal reverberations from FTX's implosion are landing beyond criminal charges. Fenwick & West, the powerhouse law firm once on FTX's speed dial, is now swatting down updated allegations of enabling the fraud behind the FTX collapse. In a recent court filing, Fenwick & West insisted it did nothing more than provide routine legal counsel, denouncing claims they were complicit in the misuse of customer funds as “outdated and unfounded” per Coinpaper. This legal back-and-forth has become another flashpoint in the debate over how much responsibility legal and financial advisers bear when overseeing high-risk crypto ventures.Meanwhile, his earlier years and rise to notoriety continue to be dissected. Encyclopædia Britannica recounts how Bankman-Fried built FTX into a multi-billion dollar empire before its dramatic collapse, donated millions to US political campaigns, and lived a double life as a self-proclaimed philanthropist and secret high roller in the Bahamas. His March 2024 conviction on seven counts of fraud, conspiracy, and money laundering, and the 25-year sentence handed down by a New York judge, remain front and center in his biographical trajectory—a rare, swift plummet for a onetime crypto icon.No verified public appearances or social media statements have emerged from Bankman-Fried since his incarceration, though speculative posts and Reddit threads continue to dissect every legal filing and crypto market ripple connected to his name. The Sam Bankman-Fried story remains a potent mix of legal drama, business unraveling, and tabloid curiosity—an ongoing saga that shows no sign of fading from the financial and cultural spotlight.Get the best deals https://amzn.to/3ODvOta

Lindsay and Madison discuss Eclipse Monsters, as well as why you should have your friends help you fight off night snakes, that wolves can bring about the end of the world, and how to crash a party and lose your head all at the same time. Information pulled from the following sources 2025 AZ Animals article by Patrick MacFarland 2024 Atlas Obscura article by Robert Lamb 2023 Historic Mysteries article by Lauren Dillon 2021 The Gorkha Times post 2020 Medium article by Brandon 2020 Mythology Source article by Mike Greenberg, PhD Ancient Egypt Online article Britannica article by Melissa Petruzzello Britannica Captivating History article Wikipedia (1) (2) (3) (4) Send us your listener questions to bit.ly/AskYOC. Become a member on Buy Me A Coffee for as little as $1/month to support the show.  Get your groceries and essentials delivered in as fast as 1 hour via Instacart. Free delivery on your first 3 orders. Min $10 per order. Terms apply. You can write to us at: Ye Olde Crime Podcast, PO Box 341, Wyoming, MN 55092. Leave us a rating and review on Apple Podcasts, Podchaser, Spotify, Podcast Addict, Audible, or Goodpods! Don't forget to follow us on Twitter, Instagram, Threads, Facebook, TikTok, and YouTube. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This week Sara previews exciting September DVD releases, including "Ballerina," "Jurassic World Rebirth," "28 Years Later," "M3GAN 2.0," "The Life of Chuck," "Clown in a Cornfield," "Superman," and "The Surfer." Caroline also shares valuable back-to-school resources for kids, like Brainfuse for live homework help, and Britannica for research.

What if Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo wasn't just a battlefield loss but the result of hidden betrayals and external forces shaping history? In this insightful episode of The Jeremy Ryan Slate Show, we take a deep dive into the events surrounding one of history's most iconic battles. Was Napoleon truly defeated by his enemies, or were shadows within—betrayals, political machinations, and even freak weather—responsible for his downfall? Join me, Jeremy Ryan Slate, CEO and co-founder of Command Your Brand, as we critically examine the complexities of Napoleon's Waterloo. From the mysterious actions of Marshal Grouchy to the intriguing impact of volcanic weather on European battlefields, we unravel the layers behind this pivotal moment in history. With a unique perspective backed by reputable sources like Britannica and the National Army Museum of France, this episode challenges mainstream narratives and explores plausible conspiracy theories that make you question everything you thought you knew.This must-watch video goes beyond facts, blending historical analysis with thought-provoking speculation. Could financial elites have played a role in engineering Napoleon's fall? What about the internal dissent within his ranks? These questions open the door to a fascinating conversation about leadership, ambition, and the unseen forces that shape our world.Let's rewrite history—or at least question it—together. Share your thoughts in the comments below: Do you believe betrayal sealed Napoleon's fate? Don't forget to like this video, hit that subscribe button, and turn on notifications so you never miss a deep dive into history's biggest mysteries. Together, we'll uncover the hidden truths that continue to shape our world. Until next time, keep questioning everything.#worldwar2 #historydocumentary #ww2 #history #military___________________________________________________________________________⇩ SUPPORT OUR SPONSORS ⇩BRAVE TV HEALTH: Parasites are one of the main reasons that so many of our health problems happen! Guess what? They're more active around the full moon. That's why friend of the Show, Dr. Jason Dean, developed the Full Moon Parasite Protocol. Get 15% off now by using our link: https://bravetv.store/JRSCOMMAND YOUR BRAND: Legacy Media is dying, we fight for the free speech of our clients by placing them on top-rated podcasts as guests. We also have the go-to podcast production team. We are your premier podcast agency. Book a call with our team https://www.commandyourbrand.com/book-a-call MY PILLOW: By FAR one of my favorite products I own for the best night's sleep in the world, unless my four year old jumps on my, the My Pillow. Get up to 66% off select products, including the My Pillow Classic or the new My Pillow 2.0, go to https://www.mypillow.com/cyol or use PROMO CODE: CYOL________________________________________________________________⇩ GET MY BEST SELLING BOOK ⇩Unremarkable to Extraordinary: Ignite Your Passion to Go From Passive Observer to Creator of Your Own Lifehttps://getextraordinarybook.com/________________________________________________________________DOWNLOAD AUDIO PODCAST & GIVE A 5 STAR RATING!:APPLE: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-create-your-own-life-show/id1059619918SPOTIFY: https://open.spotify.com/show/5UFFtmJqBUJHTU6iFch3QU(also available Google Podcasts & wherever else podcasts are streamed_________________________________________________________________⇩ SOCIAL MEDIA ⇩➤ X: https://twitter.com/jeremyryanslate➤ INSTAGRAM https://www.instagram.com/jeremyryanslate➤ FACEBOOK: https://www.facebook.com/jeremyryanslate_________________________________________________________________➤ CONTACT: JEREMY@COMMANDYOURBRAND.COM

In keeping with my promise to cover more worldwide events this year, today's episode date (December 26, 1991) is the day the USSR stopped existing. Even though I was young, I still remember the news coverage of the event. I don't, however, remember what else was being reported at that time. Don't worry, I did my research and now you can know, too, with three great additional history stories.SOURCES“200-Year Sentence Meted Out to Sexson.” Tulsa World (Tulsa, Oklahoma), November 4, 1978. www.newspapers.com.Associated Press. “Jury Says Husband Had ‘Change of Heart.'” Tyler Courier-Press (Tyler, Texas), December 26, 1991. www.newspapers.com.Associated Press. “‘Hook' Holds on to Top Position.” The Daily Reporter (Greenfield, Indiana), December 26, 1991. www.newspapers.com.Blackwell, Tom. “Uncovering Shadowy Signs of Ritual Abuse.” Star-Phoenix (Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada), December 26, 1991. www.newspapers.com.Canadian Press. “Satanist Victim Recalls Nights of Ritual.” Star-Phoenix (Saskatoon, Saskatchewan,Canada), December 26, 1991. www.newspapers.com.“The Collapse of the Soviet Union.” U.S. Department of State. Accessed March 12, 2025. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1989-1992/collapse-soviet union#:~:text=Gorbachev's%20decision%20to%20allow%20elections,collapse%20of%20the%20Soviet%20Union.Greene, Wayne. “Lovers' Alleged Suicide Notes, Letter Released.” Tulsa World (Tulsa, Oklahoma), December 26, 1991. www.newspapers.com.Greene, Wayne. “Prison Officials Say Sexson Properly Classified Before Escape.” Tulsa World (Tulsa, Oklahoma), November 15, 1991. www.newspapers.com.The Infographics Show. “How and Why Did the Soviet Union Collapse.” YouTube. Accessed March 12, 2025. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qZdijf1U7OY. Mecoy, Don. “Slayer SuesState Officials over Photos.” The Oklahoman, April 10, 1992. https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/1992/04/10/slayer-sues-state-officials-over-photos/62496685007/.“Officer Testifies Sexson Admitted Killing Wife.” Tulsa World (Tulsa, Oklahoma), October 26, 1978. www.newspapers.com.Pasiuk, Emily. “Satanic Panic: How a Tiny Town Was Swept up in a Wave of Accusations.” CBCnews, March 15, 2020. https://newsinteractives.cbc.ca/longform/satanic-panic/. Pelisek, Christine. “‘fatal Attraction Killer' - Who Disguised Herself to Gun down Romantic Rival - Dies after Parole.” People.com, April 9, 2018. https://people.com/crime/fatal-attraction-killer-jennifer-reali-dies-months-after-parole/.Rob Martindale. “Board Hears Pleas, Denies Freedom for Three Killers.” Tulsa World (Tulsa, Oklahoma), November 24, 1980. www.newspapers.com.Satan Wants You. Vertical Entertainment, 2023. Schmemann, Serge. “Sun Sets on Soveit Empire.” Kansas City Star (Kansas City, Missouri), December 26, 1991. www.newspapers.com.“Two Tulsa Policemen Testify in Sexson Trial.” Tulsa World (Tulsa, Oklahoma), October 25, 1978. www.newspapers.com.United Press International. “15-Year-Old Wife's Mate Death Suspect.” Sapulpa Daily Herald (Sapulpa, Oklahoma), April 21, 1978. www.newspapers.com.“Why Did the Soviet Union Collapse?” Encyclopædia Britannica. Accessed March 12, 2025. https://www.britannica.com/story/why-did-the-soviet-union-collapse. “Why Did the Soviet Union Collapse?” Encyclopædia Britannica. Accessed March 12, 2025.https://www.britannica.com/story/why-did-the-soviet-union-collapse. “Wife Killed; Oklahoma Escapee Surrenders.” Tulsa World (Tulsa, Oklahoma), December 1, 1991. www.newspapers.com.SOUND SOURCESAl Jolson. "I'll Say She Does." www.pixabay.com/music.Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music.Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.

I'm baaack!!! and today I'm diving into Zohran Mamdani's platform and campaign which has given me a surprising amount of renewed hope for the future of American politics, if we can stay focused on resistance, revolution, and harm reduction.SOURCES:NYTimes on Zohran: https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/25/us/politics/what-is-democratic-socialism.htmlZohran's Platform: https://web.archive.org/web/20250701190438/https://www.zohranfornyc.com/platformWho's afraid of socialism? https://ips-dc.org/whos-afraid-of-socialism/The DSA's “What is Democratic Socialism?” https://www.dsausa.org/about-us/what-is-democratic-socialism/Britannica's Democratic Socialism: https://www.britannica.com/topic/democratic-socialismDemocratic Socialist Public Officials: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Democratic_Socialists_of_America_public_officeholdersResources for Resisting a Coup: https://makeyourdamnbed.medium.com/practical-guides-to-resisting-a-coup-b44571b9ad66SUPPORT Julie (and the show!): https://supporter.acast.com/make-your-damn-bedDONATE to the Palestinian Children's Relief Fund: www.pcrf.netGET AN OCCASIONAL PERSONAL EMAIL FROM ME: www.makeyourdamnbedpodcast.comTUNE IN ON INSTAGRAM FOR COOL CONTENT: www.instagram.com/mydbpodcastOR BE A REAL GEM + TUNE IN ON PATREON: www.patreon.com/MYDBpodcastOR WATCH ON YOUTUBE: www.youtube.com/juliemerica The opinions expressed by Julie Merica and Make Your Damn Bed Podcast are intended for entertainment purposes only. Make Your Damn Bed podcast is not intended or implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Support this show http://supporter.acast.com/make-your-damn-bed. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Before the ballpoint pen, people used their hands, reeds, bamboo, brushes, quills, and eventually nibs to write or draw. But how did things evolve from there to get to things like the fountain pen, and eventually, a ballpoint? Research: "pen." Britannica Library, Encyclopædia Britannica, 26 Jul. 2021. libraries.state.ma.us/login?eburl=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.eb.com&ebtarget=%2Flevels%2Freferencecenter%2Farticle%2Fpen%2F59036&ebboatid=9265652. Accessed 13 Jun. 2025. "Pen." UXL Science, UXL, 2008. Gale In Context: Science, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CV2646000736/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=52ede570. Accessed 27 May 2025 “Patent of Mr. Frederick Bartholomew Folsch, of Oxford street, for improvements on instruments, and pens, to facilitate writing.” https://archive.org/details/jstor-30072521/mode/2up Bayley, Stephen. “Obituary: Baron Marcel Bich.” The Independent. 6/1/1994. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-baron-marcel-bich-1419867.html Bourque, Joseph. “The Waterman Pen.” American Heritage. Jul/Aug92, Vol. 43 Issue 4, p30. Brachmann, Steve. “The Evolution of Modern Ballpoint Pen: A Patent History.” IP Watchdog. 12/10/2014. https://ipwatchdog.com/2014/12/10/the-evolution-of-modern-ballpoint-pen-a-patent-history/id=52550/ Cross, Alonzo T. “Stylographic Pen.” U.S. Patent 232804. 10/5/1880. Daniels, Maygene. “The Ingenious Pen: American Writing Implements from the Eighteenth Century to the Twentieth.” The American Archivist , Summer, 1980, Vol. 43, No. 3 (Summer, 1980). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40292316 Di Nardo, Sam. “When was the Fountain Pen Invented: A Brief History.” Dayspring Pens. 1/2/2023. https://www.dayspringpens.com/blogs/the-jotted-line/when-was-the-fountain-pen-invented-a-brief-history-1 Di Nardo, Sam. “Who Invented the Ballpoint Pen?: A Brief History.” Sayspring Pens. s1/2/2023. https://www.dayspringpens.com/blogs/the-jotted-line/who-invented-the-ballpoint-pen-history?srsltid=AfmBOopQR061KHIKpgm_a0a0IHiTSiY_V-ahwIFQxU5MYzLLQ5vpHjXv Dowling, Stephen. “The cheap pen that changed writing forever.” BBC. 10/29/2020. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20201028-history-of-the-ballpoint-pen German Patent and Trademark Office. “László Biró´s 125th birthday.” https://www.dpma.de/english/our_office/publications/milestones/inventionsthatmadehistory/kugelschreiber/index.html Laszlo, Josef Biro. “Writing Instrument.” U.S. patent 2390636. 12/11/1945. Loud, J.J. “Pen.” U.S. Patent 392046. 10/30/1888. National inventors Hall of Fame. “Laszlo Josef Biro.” https://www.invent.org/inductees/laszlo-josef-biro Riesberg, Van Vechton. “Fountain Pen.” U.S. Patent 1171652. 2/15/1916. Rothman, Lily. “Why the Invention of the Ballpoint Pen Was Such a Big Deal.” Time. 10/29/2015. https://time.com/4083274/ballpoint-pen/ The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. “#236 Birome Ballpoint Pen Collection.” https://www.asme.org/about-asme/engineering-history/landmarks/236-birome-ballpoint-pen-collection Waterman, L.E. “Fountain Pen.” U.S. Patent 293545. 2/12/1884. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Today's episode marks a day that was significant to the entire world. It was the day Thomas Edison patented his lightbulb, forever changing the way people light their homes. How did it all go down? And, what additional history stories were being printed in newspapers the same day?SOURCES“Adelaide Herrmann.” Magicana. Accessed January 28, 2025.https://www.magicana.com/exhibition/adelaide-herrmann. “Advertisement: Excelsior Ironing Table (Page 2).” The Newnan Herald (Newnan, Georgia), January 27, 1880. www.newspapers.com.“Alexander Herrmann.” Wikipedia, August 17, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Herrmann. “Compars Herrmann.” Wikipedia, November 29, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compars_Herrmann. “Edison's Light.” Public Ledger (Memphis, Tennessee), January 27, 1880. www.newspapers.com.“The Electric Light System.” National Parks Service. Accessed January 19, 2025. https://www.nps.gov/edis/learn/kidsyouth/the-electric-light-system-phonograph-motion pictures.htm#:~:text=In%201882%20Edison%20helped%20form,the%20U.S.%20have%20electric%20power.“The Harpurhey Murder: Fac-Simile of the Decoy Letter.” The Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser (Manchester, Greater Manchester, England), January 17, 1880. www.newspapers.com.“The Harpurhey Murder: History of the Man Haild.” Liverpool Echo (Liverpool, Merseyside, England), January 26, 1880. www.newspapers.com.“The Harpurhey Murder: The Inquest and Verdict.” The Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser (Manchester, Greater Manchester, England), January 24, 1880. www.newspapers.com.“Hermann The Magician.” The Oakland Times (Oakland, California), January 27, 1880. www.newspapers.com.Higgs, Michelle. “The Mystery of the Murdered Maid.” THE MYSTERY OF THE MURDERED MAID, January 1, 1970. https://servantsstories.blogspot.com/2016/02/the-mystery-of-murdered-maid.html.“Life of Thomas Alva Edison: Biography: Articles and Essays: Inventing Entertainment: The Early Motion Pictures and Sound Recordings of the Edison Companies: Digital Collections: Library of Congress.” The Library of Congress. Accessed January 19, 2025. https://www.loc.gov/collections/edison-company-motion-pictures-and-sound-recordings/articles-and-essays/biography/life-of-thomas-alva-edison/.“The Manchester Murder.” Sheffield and Rothenham Independent (Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England), January 27, 1880. www.newspapers.com.“Marshal Ney in North Carolina.” New York Daily Herald (New York, New York), February 10, 1879. www.newspapers.com.“Michel Ney.” Encyclopædia Britannica, January 6, 2025. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Michel-Ney. “Michel Ney.” Wikipedia, January 27, 2025. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Ney. “The Mystery of Marshal Ney.” The Southland Times (Invercargill, Southland, New Zealand), January 27, 1880. www.newspapers.com.“The Plot Thickens: Did DNA Settle a Centuries-Old Conspiracy?” Davidson, September 18, 2023. https://www.davidson.edu/news/2023/09/18/plot-thickens-did-dna-settle-centuries-old conspiracy#:~:text=The%20crew%20from%20a%20French,was%20from%20Switzerland%20or%20Germany.%E2%80%9D.“Voice of a Veteran.” St. Joseph Gazette (St. Joseph, Missouri), December 15, 1880. www.newspapers.com.“Was It Marshall Ney?” The Buffalo Sunday Morning News (Buffalo, New York), May 29, 1887. www.newspapers.com.Whisenant, David. “French Researchers Conclude That Napoleon's Famed Marshal Ney Is Not the Peter Stuart Ney Buried in Rowan Co. Church Cemetery.” https://www.wbtv.com, September 9, 2023. https://www.wbtv.com/2023/09/09/french-researchers-conclude-that-napoleons-famed-marshal-ney-is-not-peter-stuart-ney-buried-rowan-co-church-cemetery/.SOUND SOURCESAl Jolson. “I'll Say She Does.” www.pixabay.com/music.Lucille Hegamin and The Dixie Daisies. “Cold Winter Blues.” www.pixabay.com/music.Sophie Tucker. “Reuben Rag.” www.pixabay.com/music.

This is a free preview of a paid episode. To hear more, visit wisdomofcrowds.liveThe war between Iran and Israel is bound to determine the future of the Middle East and, possibly, the whole world. The time is fitting, then, to release Shadi Hamid's and Santiago Ramos' conversation with Abbas Milani, professor of political science and Iran Studies at Stanford University. Professor Milani is a world-renowned authority on Iran, having published Lost Wisdom: Rethinking Modernity in Iran and The Shah, a definitive biography of Mohamed Reza Pahvalvi, the last Shah of Iran, among many other books. He joined us this past December to discuss Iranian politics, secularism and the future.“A giant with a feet of clay, but with more staying power than some in the opposition think.” This is how Milani describes the state of the Iranian regime months before the war with Israel. The regime's “base of support is fragile … has no unity of purpose,” and yet, “ten, fifteen, twenty percent of the population is [still] willing to go along with it.” It teeters on the brink of collapse while some international players, including Russia and China, “more or less” support it. Unfortunately, the regime faces no “cohesive opposition.”Milani explores the future possibilities for Iran. Iranians want a secular democracy, he argues, and an “Islamic democracy” is not possible, he says, because “democracy is acceptance of ambiguity in the human condition.” Santiago and Shadi push back on this point. Santiago points to figures like Harriet Tubman and Martin Luther King, Jr., who embraced both religion and democracy, while Shadi argues for the role that reason plays in Islam. Milani counters that there can be an Iranian modernity — if not an Islamic democracy — and that a future Iran need not follow “the path of Atatürk.”Our bonus section for paid subscribers will be useful to future historians of the Iranian revolution. Santiago asks Milani, “When did you stop being a Stalinist?” Milani discusses his ideological evolution. Milani talks about his year in prison — 1977 — where he shared the same cell block as many of the current leaders of the Islamic Republic. He talks about why he was arrested, what he read while in prison, why he wasn't allowed to read the Koran in prison, and why it's the case that “you understand the mettle of people very quickly in prison.” You will not want to miss this bonus section.Required Reading:* Abbas Milani, “Iran's Incremental Revolution” (The Atlantic). * Abbas Milani, The Shah (Amazon).* Abbas Milani, Lost Wisdom: Rethinking Modernity in Iran (Amazon). * The Islamic Golden Age (Wikipedia). * Rūmī (Britannica). * Clifford Geertz (Institute for Advanced Study).* Leszek Kolakowski, Main Currents of Marxist (Amazon). * Antonio Gramsci (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy).* Richard Rorty (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy).* Roberto Mangabeira Unger (Harvard Law School). * Profile of Mahmoud Taleghani (New York Times). * Mikhail Bulgakov, The Master and Margarita (Amazon).Free preview video:

Artie Intel and Micheline report on Artificial Intelligence for The AI Report. AI that upgrades itself—no human required. Turning any video into an interactive mind map. The “Godfather of AI” warns: Artificial intelligence has already learned to lie. The hottest AI stocks, including those recently bought by Representative Marjorie Taylor Greene. Britannica’s transformation into an AI powerhouse. The Gates Foundation’s $7.5 million AI hub in Africa. And the latest AI tools are making life better for everyone. This Message Brought to you by the Databricks Data Intelligence Platform - databricks.com The AI Report

May 8th: Colonist Depart to Roanoke (Patreon 2020 episode/Repost)(1587) On May 8th 1587 a group of men and women left everything behind in hopes of starting a new world. A group who, even all these years later, remains famous not for their journey but for what happened to them once their feet touched land. Today's episode is re-working/re-recording of a Patreon episode from 2020 about the Lost Colony of Roanoke. Wikipedia, History.com, Britannica.com, Smithonian Magazine, National Geographic Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Il primo maggio nel Regno Unito il partito di destra radicale Reform UK ha vinto l'elezione suppletiva nel collegio di Runcorn and Helsby, nel nordovest dell'Inghilterra. Con William Ward, giornalista, da Londra.Un gruppo di giornalisti di tutto il mondo ha ricostruito la vicenda che ha portato alla morte di Viktoriia Roshchyna, la giornalista ucraina arrestata dai servizi segreti russi nell'agosto del 2023 e morta in carcere a 27 anni. Con Davide Maria De Luca, giornalista, da Kiev.Oggi parliamo anche di:Film • “Riposare senza disturbare” di Daniela Pianezzi e Melissa TylerLibro • Ci piacerebbe sapere cosa pensi di questo episodio. Scrivici a podcast@internazionale.it Se ascolti questo podcast e ti piace, abbonati a Internazionale. È un modo concreto per sostenerci e per aiutarci a garantire ogni giorno un'informazione di qualità. Vai su internazionale.it/abbonatiConsulenza editoriale di Chiara NielsenProduzione di Claudio Balboni e Vincenzo De SimoneMusiche di Tommaso Colliva e Raffaele ScognaDirezione creativa di Jonathan Zenti

A freddo, dopo due settimane, cosa capiamo della sentenza "anti-trans" della Corte Suprema britannica. Sentiamo le parole di Roberta Parigiani e di Isa Borrelli, e allarghiamo lo sguardo grazie a Donata Columbro. La parola di questa settimana è conclave. - Il Post: Le donne trans non sono considerate “donne” nella legge sulle pari opportunità del Regno Unito- Il Post: Cosa potrebbe cambiare per le donne trans nel Regno Unito- Il Post: Nel Regno Unito le persone trans non possono più usare i bagni riservati al loro genere- Il post su Facebook dell'avvocata Roberta Parigiani- Il libro di Isa Borrelli, Gender is over Il link per abbonarti al Post e ascoltare la puntata per intero. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

 History's Craziest Failed Predictions: Why the Experts Got It Hilariously WrongThink you can predict the future? Think again! In this episode of An Ounce, we dive into history's biggest and funniest prediction fails. Discover why experts confidently declared airplanes impossible, dismissed the telephone, called personal computers pointless, and even predicted rock ‘n' roll's quick demise.History has never been so amusingly wrong!

--> Imagina ser condenado 2 vezes de forma injusta? É o que os advogados de Steven Avery sustentam.

Give to help Chris continue to make Truce Milton Friedman is one of the most important economists of the last hundred years. His ideas were quoted by many evangelical writers in the 1970s and 80s, despite his not being a Christian and few of his ideas being in the Bible. Figures like Jerry Falwell loved the guy. Ronald Reagan adopted many of his ideas, though they disagreed on things like the increasing national debt. Friedman played a major role in the popularization of the school voucher concept. Essentially, some people want to allow parents to have a say in which school their children attend. If they want to take the children to a private school, they believe that the government should give them a certain amount of money that would have gone to the public school and give it to the private one. Those who disagree say that this would defund already underfunded schools. Friedman also believed that teachers should not necessarily be certified and that the free market would weed out the bad ones. Stanford professor Jennifer Burns (author of Milton Friedman: The Last Conservative) returns to help Chris explore this complicated subject. Sources: Milton Friedman: The Last Conservative by Jennifer Burns Reaganland by Rick Perlstein Free to Choose A helpful Britannica article on Friedman Listen, America! by Jerry Falwell. Paperback, August 1980 reprint version Bantam edition Divided We Stand by Marjorie Spruill Capitalism and Freedom by Milton Friedman Discussion Questions: Had you heard of Friedman before this episode? What are school vouchers? How could school vouchers be seen by some as a tool of segregation? What would it mean if parents had to keep track of every teacher their children learned under? How are schools currently funded in the US? Why does that matter? How are some schools wealthy while others are poor? What should be the role of wealthy people when it comes to education? Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

The boys pay tribute to Val Kilmer in light of his tragic death and then spend a good hour up their own butts talking about cinema before professor CHO jumps in with a history lesson on Catherine The Great! Go to WeLoveCorey.com to hear Corey's latest essay and Pro CHO segment on Martin Luther King Jr! TraeCrowder.com for tickets to see Trae! StayFancyMerch.com for swag from the show! Sponsors: Go to BlueChew.com and use promo code POA to try BlueChew FREE! Head to TurtleBeach.com and use code POA for 10% off your entire order of great gaming headphones! Mando's Starter Pack is perfect for new customers. It comes with a Solid Stick Deodorant, Cream Tube Deodorant, two free products of your choice (like Mini Body Wash and Deodorant Wipes), and free shipping. As a special offer for listeners, new customers get $5 off a Starter Pack with our exclusive code. That equates to over 40% off your Starter Pack Use code POA at ShopMando.com. S-H-O-P-M-A-N-D-O.COM. PLEASE support our show and tell them we sent you. Smell fresher, stay drier, and boost your confidence from head to toe with Mando!       Sources:Books:• Massie, Robert K. Catherine the Great: Portrait of a Woman. Random House, 2011.• Rounding, Virginia. Catherine the Great: Love, Sex, and Power. St. Martin's Press, 2006.• Montefiore, Simon Sebag. The Romanovs: 1613–1918. Knopf, 2016.• Catherine II. Memoirs of Catherine the Great. Translated by Mark Cruse and Hilde Hoogenboom, Modern Library, 2005.Letters• Correspondence with Voltaire and Diderot. Many of their letters to and from Catherine are collected in academic volumes and archives.Academic Articles & Journals:.Online• Encyclopædia Britannica. “Catherine the Great.” britannica.com• HistoryExtra (BBC). • Hermitage Museum Official Website. Join this channel to get access to perks: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCE_luEVRgClC6dPceGVEZeg/join

Send us a textToday, our search for the Bridge turns outward to the stars, the Sun and Moon, and how they reveal the Bridge that lies within each and every one of us, breadcrumbs sprinkled on our birth charts that carry over into our lives on Earth.Is there anything quite like the feeling of looking up into a clear night sky? Staring into the indigo helps put our human, day-to-day troubles into perspective fast. Our troubles shrink, and that shift helps what we face to feel manageable.Staring into the stars comes with a sense of deep grounding, too, humility, an easing of weight we carry - not quite full-on anti-gravity, but a lightness. There's another feeling star gazing brings that's bittersweet, it's a sense of longing, forgetting something important, not like where we put our car keys, but like missing the love of a vast community in heaven, forgetting the stories that are as old as time. Longing to be rejoined to the all because we were once stardust, too.There's a deep knowing in the span between Earth and outer space. The stars are set in a design we knew before we were born. The stories Ancients told of animals, Gods and Goddesses, heroes, villains, cautionary tales, love, banishment, revenge, retribution, healing, and more, they are tattooed on our souls.What to read/watch/enjoy NEXT: Talking Astrology with Some Kind of Fae! on Curious CatThe Sun Was Eaten: 6 Ways Cultures Have Explained Eclipses, Britannica.com, Melissa PetruzzelloFamous Constellations and Their StoriesThe Science of Rainbows, Optic WeatherFive Ancient Artifacts Made of Meteorites, SciencingThe Night Sky, Nigel HenbestRasa Lila Healing (evolutionary astrology at its BEST!)Have you tried the GoodPods app yet? It's free and a fun way to share podcasts with friends and family! Curious Cat Podcast is there, and is sitting pretty in the Top 20 in Supernatural! Curious Cat Crew on Socials:Curious Cat on Twitter (X)Curious Cat on InstagramCurious Cat on TikTokArt Director, Nora, has a handmade, ethically-sourced jewelry company!

In the landmark 400th episode of "Friends Talking Nerdy," hosts The Reverend Tracy and Tim the Nerd delve into two engaging segments that showcase the podcast's signature blend of insightful discussion and nostalgic reflection.Starting off the show was a special message from referee Aubrey Edwards from All Elite Wrestling. We would like to thank her for sending the show such a wonderful message of congratulations on reaching 400 episodes thanks to the website Cameo. Segment 1: Exploring Sanctuary CitiesThe episode begins with an in-depth analysis of the concept of sanctuary cities, inspired by the article "Sanctuary Cities: Are Sanctuary Cities Good For The United States" from Britannica's website. The hosts examine the historical context of sanctuary cities, tracing their roots to the Sanctuary Movement of the 1980s, where faith communities offered refuge to immigrants facing deportation. They discuss how modern sanctuary policies aim to create inclusive communities by limiting local law enforcement's cooperation with federal immigration authorities, thereby promoting safety and trust among all residents. The conversation also touches on the political and social debates surrounding these policies, providing listeners with a balanced perspective on their implications for communities across the United States.Segment 2: Celebrating 400 Episodes of Nerdy ConversationsIn the second half of the episode, The Reverend Tracy and Tim the Nerd celebrate their 400-episode milestone by reminiscing about some of their favorite moments from the show's history. They share behind-the-scenes anecdotes, highlight memorable guest appearances, and reflect on how the podcast has evolved over the years. The Reverend Tracy and Tim the Nerd express gratitude to their dedicated audience and discuss their vision for the future of "Friends Talking Nerdy," promising more engaging content and nerdy discussions in the episodes to come.As always, we wish to thank Christopher Lazarek for his wonderful theme song. Head to his ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠website⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ for information on how to purchase his EP, Here's To You, which is available on all digital platforms.Head to Friends Talking Nerdy's⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ website⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠for more information on where to find us online.

The practice of growing plants in water rather than soil isn't new, though early examples are difficult to substantiate. In the 1930s, hydroponic plant culture made headlines, but the field also had conflict among researchers. Research: Bacon, Francis. “Sylva sylvarum; or, A natural history, in ten centuries. Whereunto is newly added the History natural and experimental of life and death, or of the prolongation of life.” London. 1670. https://archive.org/details/sylvasylvarumorn00baco/page/116/mode/2up Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Hanging Gardens of Babylon". Encyclopedia Britannica, 13 Jan. 2025, https://www.britannica.com/place/Hanging-Gardens-of-Babylon Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "chinampa". Encyclopedia Britannica, 26 May. 2017, https://www.britannica.com/topic/chinampa Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Julius von Sachs". Encyclopedia Britannica, 28 Sep. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Julius-von-Sachs. Ebel, Roland. "Chinampas: An Urban Farming Model of the Aztecs and a Potential Solution for Modern Megalopolis". HortTechnology hortte 30.1 (2020): 13-19. < https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH04310-19 Gericke, W. F. “The Complete Guide To Soilless Gardening.” Prentice Hall. 1940. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.271694/page/n1/mode/2up Gericke, W. F. “The Meaning of Hydroponics.” Science101,142-143. 1945. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.101.2615.142 "General Mills' Big Gamble on Indoor Farming." Dun's Review. 1979. https://www.nal.usda.gov/sites/default/files/card-image/DunsReviewGeneralMillsImage.jpg “Growing Crops Without Soil.” United States Department of Agriculture. Agricultural research service. June 1965. https://www.nal.usda.gov/sites/default/files/card-image/RaisingCropsWithoutSoil1965_0.jpg Hall, Loura. “NASA Research Launches a New Generation of Indoor Farming.” NASA. Nov. 23, 2021. https://www.nasa.gov/technology/tech-transfer-spinoffs/nasa-research-launches-a-new-generation-of-indoor-farming/ Hoagland, D.R. and D.I. Arnon. “The Water-culture Method for Growing Plants Without Soil.” Berkeley. 1950. https://archive.org/details/watercultureme3450hoag/page/n5/mode/2up “A Hydroponic Farm on Wake Island.” Science87,12-3. (1938). DOI:1126/science.87.2263.12.u Janick, Jules et al. “The cucurbits of mediterranean antiquity: identification of taxa from ancient images and descriptions.” Annals of botany vol. 100,7 (2007): 1441-57. doi:10.1093/aob/mcm242 Silvio, Caputo. “History, Techniques and Technologies of Soil-Less Cultivation.” Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99962-9_4 Singer, Jesse. “A Hydroponics Timeline. Garden Culture Magazine. Feb. 8, 2021. https://gardenculturemagazine.com/a-brief-overview-of-the-history-of-hydroponics/#:~:text=1627:%20Sylva%20Sylvarum,Chemist%20Jean%20Baptist%20van%20Helmont Stanhill, G. "JOHN WOODWARD—A NEGLECTED 17TH CENTURY PIONEER OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY". Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 35.3-4 (1986): 225-231. https://doi.org/10.1080/0021213X.1986.10677056 Stuart, Neil W. “About Hydroponics.” Yearbook of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture. 1947. Accessed online: https://archive.org/details/yoa1947/page/289/mode/2up Taylor, Judith. “National Nutrition Month: Hydroponics feed ailing WWII Army Air Forces personnel.” Air Force Medical Service. March 26, 2014. https://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/News/Article/582803/national-nutrition-month-hydroponics-feed-ailing-wwii-army-air-forces-personnel/ “Plants Without Soil.” Brooklyn Eagle. Feb. 28, 1937.https://www.newspapers.com/image/52623587/?match=1&terms=hydroponics “Hydroponics.” Courier-Journal. March 2, 1937. https://www.newspapers.com/image/107727971/?match=1&terms=hydroponics See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

EPISODE 74 - “SWEETHEARTS FROM THE GOLDEN AGE OF HOLLYWOOD" 2/10/2025 As Cupid sharpens his arrows, and the candy and greeting card companies prepare to make bank, we celebrate Valentine's Day. In this episode, we take a loving look at some of Hollywood's most enduring real-life love stories. From JOEL McCREA and FRANCES DEE to JEAN HARLOW and WILLIAM POWELL, join us as we discuss their lives, films, and, most importantly, their beautiful love stories.  SHOW NOTES:  Sources: Ladies of the Westerns (2015) by Michael C. Fitzgerald and Boyd Magers; Joel McCrea: Ride The High Country (1992), by Tony Thomas: “William Powell: Hollywood Star, Detective Film Icon," Jan. 27, 2025, Britannica,com; Letters From Hollywood: Jean Harlow , January 21, 2023 by David Stenn, TCM.com; The Love Story of Jean Harlow and William Power: Hollywood's Iconic Couple, Documentary (2023), Youtube.com; “McIntire and Nolan: A Romance Wright In Radio,” June 27, 2022, Travelanche; “12 Times Real Life Couple John McIntire and Jeanette Nolan Played a Couple Onscreen,” July 18, 2022, MeTV.com; “It Took Three Separate Actors To Bring Psycho's Norma Bates to Life,” November 30, 2022, www.slashfilm.com; “John McIntire and Jeanette Nolan Mix Business With Pleasure,” 2022, by J. Johnson, www.vocal.media/geeks; “John McIntire & Jeanette Nolan: Life Together,” by Jerry Skinner, YouTube.com; “Mary Pickford,” April 5, 2005, American Experience, PBS; “Douglas Fairbanks,” American Experience, PBS; Life and Times of Mary Pickford, Documentary (1998), Youtube.com; Harlow: The Blonde Bombshell, Documentary (1993), directed by Tom McQuade; “William Powell,” The State Historical Society of Missouri, www.missouriencyclopedia.com; Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (Oscars.org): Mary Pickford; “William Powell, Film Star, Dies at 91,”March 6, 1984, by Peter B. Flint, New York Times; “Jeanette Nolan, Spouse Rough it in Montana Wilderness Home,” March 24, 1974, The Indianapolis Star; TCM.com; MaryPickford.org; McCreaRanchFoundation.org; IMDBPro.com; IBDB.com; Wikipedia.com; AcademyMuseum.com Movies Mentioned:  JOEL MCCREA & FRANCES DEE: The Jazz Age  (1929); The Silver Horde (1930); Playboy of Paris (1930); King of the Jungle (1930); An American Tragedy (1931); Caught (1931); Born to Love (1931); Bird of Paradise (1932); The Silver Cord (1933); One Man's Journey (1933); Little Women (1933); Finishing School (1934); Of Human Bondage (1934); Gambling Lady (1934); Becky Sharp (1935); Barbary Coast (1935); These Three (1936); Come and Get It (1936); The Gay Deception (1936);   Wells Fargo (1937); Dead End (1937); If I Were King (1938); Union Station (1939); Foreign Correspondent (1940); I Walked With A Zombie (1943); Four Faces West (1948); Ride The High Country (1962); JEAN HARLOW & WILLIAM POWELL: Man of the World (1931); Ladies Man (1931); Hell's Angels (1930); Reckless (1935); Libeled Lady (1936); After The Thin Man (1936); Saratoga (1937); My Man Godfrey (1936); JOHN McINTIRE & JEANETTE NOLAN: The Ramparts We Watch (1940); Northside 777 (1948); MacBeth (1948); Words and Music (1948); River Lady (1948);   Command Decision (1948); Top of The Morning (1949); No Sad Song For Me (1950); The Asphalt Jungle (1950); Winchester '73 (1950); The Secret of Convict Lake (1951); The Happy Time (1952); The Big Heat (1953); Westward The Women (1951); Apache (1954);  The Far County (1954); Flaming Star (1960);  Summer and Smoke (1961); The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962); Rooster Cogburn (1975); The Rescuers (1978); True Confessions (1981); Cloak and Dagger (1984); Turner and Hooch (1989); The Horse Whisperer (1998); MARY PICKFORD & DOUGLAS FAIRBANKS: *** Please email us for list of Pickford & Fairbanks movies*** --------------------------------- http://www.airwavemedia.com Please contact sales@advertisecast.com if you would like to advertise on our podcast. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Isles of Scilly were part of one of the longest wars in human history, but the main reason for the length of the very mild conflict was lagging paperwork. Research: “335-year-old War Ends for Scilly Isles.” Star Tribune. April 18, 1986. https://www.newspapers.com/image/188704902/?match=1 “The breakdown of 1641-2.” UK Parliament. https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/parliamentaryauthority/civilwar/overview/the-breakdown/ Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Isles of Scilly". Encyclopedia Britannica, 7 Dec. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/place/Isles-of-Scilly-islands-England-United-Kingdom Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Bishops’ Wars". Encyclopedia Britannica, 23 Jun. 2019, https://www.britannica.com/event/Bishops-Wars Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Long Parliament". Encyclopedia Britannica, 23 Jun. 2019, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Long-Parliament Daniel Lysons, Samuel Lysons, 'The Scilly Islands', in Magna Britannia: Volume 3, Cornwall( London, 1814), British History Online https://www.british-history.ac.uk/magna-britannia/vol3/pp330-337 Davids, R.L. and A.D.K. Hawkyard. “SEYMOUR, Sir Thomas II.” The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1509-155. 1982. Accessed online: https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1509-1558/member/seymour-sir-thomas-ii-1509-49 “Dutch Proclaim End of War Against Britain's Scilly Isles.” New York Times. April 18, 1986. https://www.nytimes.com/1986/04/18/world/dutch-proclaim-end-of-war-against-britain-s-scilly-isles.html “The Execution of Charles I.” Historic Royal Places. https://www.hrp.org.uk/banqueting-house/history-and-stories/the-execution-of-charles-i/ “History of the Duchy.” Duchy of Cornwall. https://duchyofcornwall.org/history-of-the-duchy.html “The History of the Islands.” The Islands’ Partnership. https://www.visitislesofscilly.com/experience/things-to-do/history-and-heritage/the-history-of-the-islands “Holidays in the Isles of Scilly.” Manchester Evening News. Jan. 24, 1984. https://www.newspapers.com/image/927198725/?match=1&terms=isles%20of%20scilly “Isles of Scilly.” Duchy of Cornwall. https://duchyofcornwall.org/newton-park-estate.html#:~:text=A%20group%20of%20over%20200,residential%20buildings%20on%20the%20islands. Johnson, Ben. “The 335 Year War – The Isles of Scilly vs the Netherlands.” Historic UK. March 11, 2015. https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofEngland/The-335-Year-War-the-Longest-War-in-History/ Ohlmeyer, Jane H.. "English Civil Wars". Encyclopedia Britannica, 6 Dec. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/event/English-Civil-Wars “Roy Duncan 1948 – 2014.” Council of the Isles of Scilly. Aug. 25, 2014. “Prehistoric communities off the coast of Britain embraced rising seas- what this means for today's island nations.” Bangor University. November 5, 2020. https://www.bangor.ac.uk/news/archive/prehistoric-communities-off-the-coast-of-britain-embraced-rising-seas-what-this-means-for-today-s-island-nations-44529#:~:text=By%2012%2C000%20years%20ago%2C%20the,smaller%2C%20engulfed%20by%20rising%20seas. Lysons, Daniel and Samuel Lysons, 'The Scilly Islands', in Magna Britannia: Volume 3, Cornwall( London, 1814), British History Online https://www.british-history.ac.uk/magna-britannia/vol3/pp330-337 Penhallurick, R.D. “Ancient and Early Medieval Coins from Cornwall & Scilly.” ROYAL NUMISMATIC SOCIETY SPECIAL PUBLICATION NO. 45. London. 2010. https://www.academia.edu/355282/Ancient_and_Early_Medieval_Coins_from_Cornwall_and_Scilly Sawyer, Katherine, PhD. “Scilly’s Hidden History.” Isles of Scilly. https://www.visitislesofscilly.com/home/blog/scillys-hidden-history#:~:text=Scilly%20was%20first%20visited%20by,as%20a%20lack%20of%20predators. Young-Brown, Fiona. “The World’s Longest War Only Ended in 1986.” Atlas Obscura. Jan. 19, 2016. https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/the-worlds-longest-war-only-ended-in-1985 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Que tal explorar algumas lendas, relatos bizarros e crimes ocorridos nos Montes Apalaches? Esse episódio provavelmente vai te manter longe dos Apalaches. Ou não... Hosts: Mari (@mari.host) e Rob (@rob.host) Editor: Victor Assis (@ovitovitovito) Fontes: Greenbelly. List of Appalachian Trail Murders Since 1974. 2021. Disponível aqui. https://www.greenbelly.co/pages/appalachian-trail-murders?srsltid=AfmBOooYcFqMGTyCre61hTrbTf4i7kStKOmMz-UmmUzCl9Nzl_uOdnt2 Reddit. Hiking in Appalachia: The Basics. 2023. Disponível aqui. https://www.reddit.com/r/Ruleshorror/comments/15p510s/hiking_in_appalachia_the_basics/?rdt=44281 NPS History. Appalachian. Disponível aqui. https://npshistory.com/morningreport/incidents/appa.htm Britannica. Appalachian Mountain. Disponível aqui. https://www.britannica.com/place/Appalachian-Mountain National Geographic. Apalaches assombrados? Essas montanhas antigas testemunharam o nascimento do homem e do monstro. 2023. Disponível aqui. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/premium/article/appalachian-mountains-ancient-geology-modern-horror-stories The Wandering Appalachian. Legends and Folklore: Uncovering Appalachian Myths and Mysteries. 2023. Disponível aqui. https://www.thewanderingappalachian.com/post/legends-and-folklore-uncovering-appalachian-myths-and-mysteries Mothman Festival. Disponível aqui. https://www.mothmanfestival.com/ Howstuffworks. Skinwalkers Mythology: Characteristics and Modern Interpretations. 2024. Disponível aqui. https://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/strange-creatures/skinwalker.htm#:~:text=Glowing%20eyes:%20According%20to%20legend,their%20eyes%20seem%20animal%2Dlike. Buckfish. The Trail of Tragedy: Exploring the Murders and Disappearances on the Appalachian. 2022. Disponível aqui. Trailhttps://buckfish.com/the-trail-of-tragedy-exploring-the-murders-an-disappearances-on-the-appalachian-trail/

This is a free preview of a paid episode. To hear more, visit wisdomofcrowds.liveLast week's episode dealt with the state of the American Right post-election. Today we ask: Where is the American Left going? How will it respond to Trump? “There is a palpable sense of passivity on the Left,” says Damir Marusic. “What I've seen is resignation or weird, detached analysis,” says Samuel Kimbriel. Is there more going on than we see? We invited WoC contributor Osita Nwanevu, writer for the New Republic and author of an upcoming book about American democracy, to tell us more.Osita begins by distinguishing between the Democratic Party and the movement Left. While the Democrats are a loose coalition in broad disarray, the Left simply stands for “a grand reform of political economy to empower workers.” The Left, Osita argues, was not surprised that Trump won. The problem lies it how it can create a platform that will appeal to American voters. There is too much despair. Too many on the Left, Osita argues, have been left in a state of “political hopelessness” after the election, wondering what to do in a country where most people voted for Donald Trump. But such an attitude is “antithetical to democratic thought and what we need to do for practical politics.”Damir and Osita go on to engage the question of whether a Left that stands for universal human values, rather than in-group, national concerns, is able to win. Osita argues that there is not necessary contradiction between a universal value and a local interest. When it comes to climate change, for example, the Left isn't asking voters to care about “the Maldives,” but about “fires in LA and storms in Florida.” Damir is not so sure. The conversation touches on symbolic politics versus real politics, whether protest movements can actually transform society, whether Trump is the true revolutionary force in American politics, and whether the Left actually has intellectual leaders and a utopian vision today. In our bonus section for paid subscribers, Sam argues that the Left needs an idea of transcendence, Osita talks about transcendence without god, and Damir pushes both on whether personal philosophical convictions actually have any bearing on real-life politics.Required Reading:* Osita's website.* Sam on why the Left needs ideas (WoC).* Damir's post-election reaction (WoC). * Osita on BLM (Pairagraph).* Osita's debate with Oliver Traldi about democracy and ideology (WoC).* Vincent Bevins, If We Burn: The Mass Protest Decade and the Missing Revolution (Amazon).* “Nancy Pelosi Insists the Election was Not a Rebuke of the Democrats” (New York Times).* On the Gushers BLM post mentioned by Osita (New York Times).* “Costco Teamsters vote to authorize US-wide strike, union says” (Reuters).* “Costco shareholders just destroyed an anti-DEI push” (CNN).* History of hospitals (Britannica).* Scott Alexander, “Everyone's A Based Post-Christian Vitalist Until The Grooming Gangs Show Up” (Astral Codex Ten).This post is part of our collaboration with the University of Pittsburgh's Center for Governance and Markets.Wisdom of Crowds is a platform challenging premises and understanding first principles on politics and culture. Join us!

Humans have been writing in abbreviated ways as long as writing has existed. In the 19th century, Isaac Pitman developed – and marketed – a system of shorthand that became widely adopted. Research: Baker, Alfred. “The Life of Sir Isaac Pitman.” London. Pitman. 1919. Accessed online: https://archive.org/details/centenlifeofsiri00bakeuoft/page/34/mode/2up Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Sir Isaac Pitman". Encyclopedia Britannica, 8 Jan. 2025, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Isaac-Pitman Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Pitman shorthand". Encyclopedia Britannica, 18 Apr. 2016, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pitman-shorthand Miller, Genesie. “A Brief on Shorthand.” Utah Division of Archives and Records. April 11, 2023. https://archives.utah.gov/2023/04/11/a-brief-on-shorthand/ “Sir Isaac Pitman.” The Vegetarian. 1895. https://archive.org/details/vegetarianmonthl00unse_0/page/122/mode/2up?q=sir+isaac Pitman, Benn. “Sir Isaac Pitman, His Life and Labors.” Cincinnati. C.J. Krehbiel. 1902. https://archive.org/details/sirisaacpitmanhi00pitmuoft/page/48/mode/2up Pitman, Isaac. “Phonotypic Journal, for the Year 1845.” Vol. 4. Phonographic Institution. 1845. https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=K-gOAQAAIAAJ&pg=GBS.PP7&hl=en Russon, Allien R.. "shorthand". Encyclopedia Britannica, 10 Nov. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/topic/shorthand Triggs, T. (2009, October 08). Pitman, Sir Isaac (1813–1897), deviser of a system of shorthand writing. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-22322 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

A lot of sewing techniques being taught and used today came from the mind of one innovator: Helen Blanchard. She held 28 patents, most related to sewing, and she shaped the way the garment industry functioned. Research: “1854 – Walter Hunt’s Patent Model of a Sewing Machine.” Smithsonian. National Museum of American History. https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/object/nmah_1070410 “1873 - Helen A. Blanchard's Sewing machine Patent Model (buttonhole).” Smithsonian. National Museum of American History. https://www.si.edu/object/1873-helen-blanchards-sewing-machine-patent-model-buttonhole%3Anmah_1069711 “A Woman’s Pluck.” The Portland Daily Press. Aug. 24, 1886. https://www.newspapers.com/image/875134248/?match=1&terms=%22Helen%20A.%20blanchard%22 Blanchard, Helen A. “Improvement in Sewing Machines.” USPO. Aug. 19, 1873. https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/11/99/2a/c5331644eba132/US141987.pdf Blanchard, Helen A. “IMPROVEMENT IN ELASTIC GORINGS FOR SHOES.” USPO. Sept. 14, 1875. https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/e4/91/7f/d5eca5e95653b8/US167732.pdf Blanchard, Helen A. “IMPROVEMENT IN ELASTIC SEAMS FOR GARMENTS.” USPO. April 13, 1875. https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/22/f6/ab/176ada1cf78526/US162019.pdf Blanchard, Helen. A. “Surgical Needle.” USPO. Oct. 9, 1894. https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/55/6a/29/283ec2c85e7b0d/US527263.pdf Blanchard, Helen A. “Improvement in Welted and Covered Seams.” USPO. Aug. 19, 1875. https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/7b/34/59/3e6a0f48970df6/US174764.pdf Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "panic." Encyclopedia Britannica, 10 Apr. 2020, https://www.britannica.com/money/panic-economics DiPhilippo, Kathryn Onos. “Window on the Past – Local Women in History: Helen Blanchard.” Portland Herald. June 24, 2020. https://www.pressherald.com/2020/06/24/window-on-the-past-6/#:~:text=Around%201881%2C%20Helen%20and%20Louise%20Blanchard%20started,own%20company%2C%20the%20Blanchard%20Overseam%20Machine%20Company. “Helen A. Blanchard has filed …” The Philadelphia Inquirer. Dec. 23, 1900. https://www.newspapers.com/image/168365258/?match=1&terms=%22Helen%20A.%20blanchard%22 “Helen Blanchard: Sewing Machine Improvements.” Lemelson-MIT. https://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/helen-blanchard “Helen Blanchard - Zig-Zag Sewing Machine.” National Inventors Hall of Fame. https://www.invent.org/inductees/helen-blanchard Herzberg, Rudolph, tr. By Upfield Green. “The Sewing machine: Its History, Construction, and Application.” London. E. & F.N. Spon. 1864. https://archive.org/details/sewingmachineit00herzgoog “Miss Helen Blanchard … “ Portland Sunday Telegraph. Dec. 3, 1899. https://www.newspapers.com/image/846596628/?match=1&terms=%22Helen%20A.%20blanchard%22 “Motor and Lumber Companies Incorporated.” Boston Evening Transcript. May 09, 1900. https://www.newspapers.com/image/735352621/?match=1&terms=%22Helen%20A.%20blanchard%22 “NO AUCTION SALE.” Portland Sunday Telegram. Jan 31, 1915. https://www.newspapers.com/image/846796566/?match=1&terms=%22Helen%20A.%20blanchard%22 “The Portland Advertiser states … “ Bangor Daily Whig and Courier. Jul. 09, 1853. https://www.newspapers.com/image/663005747/?match=1&terms=thomas%20knight%20shipyard%20fire Stanley, Autumn. “Mothers and Daughters of Invention.” Rutgers University Press. 1995. “Superior Court.” The Portland Daily Press. Dec 22, 1900. https://www.newspapers.com/image/875209480/?match=1&terms=%22Helen%20A.%20blanchard%22 Willard, Frances Elizabeth. “A Woman of the Century.” Moulton. January 1893. Accessed online: https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=zXEEAAAAYAAJ&rdid=book-zXEEAAAAYAAJ&rdot=1 “Woman Inventor Was Last of an Old Time Family.” Evening Express. Jan 13, 1922. https://www.newspapers.com/image/851331069/?article=4c97fcf5-4fbc-4149-8dc4-4160e6411049 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This episode looks at the early days of Christmas trees, the origin of glass ornaments, and the practice of mounting lit candles on trees before electric bulbs were invented. Research: · “36 Perish as Party Guests Stampede to Flee Flames.” The Minneapolis Star. Dec 25, 1924. https://www.newspapers.com/image/178762039/ · “Accident From a Christmas Tree.” The Morning Post. Jan 11, 1850. https://www.newspapers.com/image/402121758/?match=1&terms=%22christmas%20tree%22%20Victoria · Barnes, Allison. “The First Christmas Tree. History Today. December 12, 2006. https://www.historytoday.com/archive/history-matters/first-christmas-tree · Brittain, J. E. "John R. Crouse and the Society for Electrical Development [Scanning the Past]." Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 86, no. 12, pp. 2475-2477, Dec. 1998. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/735455 · Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Woolworth Co.." Encyclopedia Britannica, 30 Nov. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/money/Woolworth-Co · “A Christmas tree candle set fire … “ The Jersey City News. Jan. 9, 1892. https://www.newspapers.com/image/856106974/?match=1&terms=christmas%20tree%20candles%20fire · Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, and Ernest Hartley Coleridge, ed. “LETTERS OFSAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE.” London. William Heinemann. 1895. Accessed online: https://gutenberg.org/files/44553/44553-h/44553-h.htm · Flander, Judith. “Christmas: A Biography.” Thomas Dunne Books. 2017. · Foyle, Jonathan. “The Business of Baubles – and the Town That Invented Them.” Financial Times. Dec. 19, 2014. https://www.ft.com/content/ce33a468-812a-11e4-b956-00144feabdc0 · “Glass Christmas Ornaments.” The German Way. https://www.german-way.com/history-and-culture/holidays-and-celebrations/christmas/glass-christmas-ornaments/ · Loud, Nicholas. “The History of Christmas Decorations in America.” Saturday Evening Post. December 2020. https://www.saturdayeveningpost.com/2020/12/the-history-of-christmas-decorations-in-america/ · Lorch, Mark. “The Forgotten Scientist Who Made Modern Christmas Ornaments Possible.” Fast Company. Dec. 21, 2021. https://www.fastcompany.com/90707875/the-forgotten-scientist-who-made-modern-christmas-ornaments-possible · Malanowski, Jamie. “Untangling the History of Christmas Lights.” Smithsonian. December 2016. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/untangling-history-christmas-lights-180961140/ · “No Christmas Tree Fires Are Reported Here.” Alton Evening Telegraph. Dec. 28. 1921. https://www.newspapers.com/image/19919324/?match=1&terms=christmas%20tree%20candles%20fire · “A few years ago the caution …” Daily Plainsman. Dec. 12, 1929. https://www.newspapers.com/image/23432095/?match=1&terms=christmas%20tree%20candles%20fire · “Christmas Tree Candles – Fire.” The Courier-Journal of Louisville. Jan. 05, 1909. https://www.newspapers.com/image/119330231/?match=1&terms=christmas%20tree%20candles%20fire · “The Christmas Tree at Windsor Castle.” The Morning Post. Dec. 28, 1848. https://www.newspapers.com/image/402196932/?match=1&terms=%22christmas%20tree%22%20Victoria · “Feiker Takes Commerce Post.” New York Times. July 2, 1931. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1931/07/02/113339929.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0 · “German Hospital, Dalston.” The Morning Post. Jan. 1, 1848. https://www.newspapers.com/image/402129709/?match=1&terms=%22christmas%20tree%22%20Victoria · Prior, Dr. M. Faye. “Trimming the Tree – Glass and metal Christmas tree decorations.” York Museum Trust. https://www.yorkmuseumstrust.org.uk/blog/trimming-the-tree-glass-and-metal-christmas-tree-decorations/ · Roberts, Sam. “Si Spiegel, War Hero Who Modernized Christmas Trees, Dies at 99.” New York Times. Feb. 11, 2024. · Scinto, Madeleine. “Americans Are Spending A Whopping $6 Billion On Christmas Decorations This Year.” Business Insider. Dec. 7, 2011. https://www.businessinsider.com/americans-are-spending-a-record-6-billion-on-christmas-decorations-2011-12 · Shapiro, Laurie Gwen. “He Bombed the Nazis, Outwitted the Soviets and Modernized Christmas.” New York Times. Dec. 17, 2021. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/17/nyregion/bomber-pilot-christmas-trees.html · Tikkanen, Amy. "How Did the Tradition of Christmas Trees Start? ". Encyclopedia Britannica, 2 Dec. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/story/how-did-the-tradition-of-christmas-trees-start · Waxman, Olivia B. “How Christmas Trees Became a Holiday Tradition.” TIME. Dec. 21, 2020. https://time.com/5736523/history-of-christmas-trees/ · Waxman, Olivia B. “The Electricity Lobby Was Behind the First National Christmas Tree Lighting.” TIME. Dec. 1, 2016. https://time.com/4580764/national-christmas-tree-lighting-history-origins/ · Waxman, Olivia B. “This Was the First Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree.” TIME. Nov. 30, 2016. https://time.com/4578685/first-rockefeller-center-christmas-tree-lighting/ See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

How about a Ring Doorbell, but from Apple? How about Meta Ray Ban's but crossed with Google Glass? How everybody is combining forces to bid for defense contracts. How Tether won the crypto profitability wars. And how Britannica has not only survived the Internet era, but is actually thriving?Sponsors:1Password.com/rideLinks:Apple Explores a Face ID Doorbell and Lock Device in Smart Home Push (Bloomberg)Meta to add display to Ray-Bans as race over smart glasses intensifies (FT)Palantir and Anduril join forces with tech groups to bid for Pentagon contracts (FT)Tether Sees $10 Billion in Net Profits for 2024 (Bloomberg)Britannica Didn't Just Survive. It's an A.I. Company Now. (NYTimes)See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Jeff Bezos kicks off his day with “breakfast octopus” (yes, really) and no alarm clock. We break down the unique dawn rituals of the richest tech CEOs. Plus, James Bond's future, AirFryers sharing your data, and why Britannica thrives in the age Wikipedia.

Joaquín Torres-García was Uruguayan-born artist who wanted to bring Constructivism and Modernism to Latin America, and worked for much of his life promoting the idea that Latin-American voices should be part of the Modernist art movement. Research: · Bollar, Gorki. “Primitive Paintings: Connections to Realism and Constructivism.” Leonardo, vol. 17, no. 1, 1984, pp. 17–19. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1574851 · Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Joaquín Torres-García". Encyclopedia Britannica, 4 Aug. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joaquin-Torres-Garcia · Duncan, Barbara. “Exploring New Horizons in Latin American Contemporary Art.” Revista: Harvard Review of Latin America. Dec. 30, 2001. https://revista.drclas.harvard.edu/exploring-new-horizons-in-latin-american-contemporary-art/ · Grimson, Karen. “JOAQUÍN TORRES-GARCÍA’S CREATIVE PARADOX.” INTI, no. 83/84, 2016, pp. 261–65. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/26309985 · Jimenez, Maya, Dr. “Joaquin Torres-Garcia, Inverted America.” Smart History. Aug. 9, 2015. https://smarthistory.org/Torres-Garcia-inverted-america/ · “Joaquín Torres-García.” Art Collection. https://artcollection.io/artist/5ce4801004726600179036b4#:~:text=He%20worked%20on%20the%20first,la%20Sagrada%20Familia%20in%20Barcelona. · “Joaquín Torres García.” Centro Cultura Regoleta. http://cvaa.com.ar/04ingles/04biografias_en/torres_garcia_en.php · “Joaquín Torres-García.” Guggenheim. https://www.guggenheim.org/artwork/artist/joaquin-Torres-Garcia · “Joaquin Torres Garcia (1874-1949).” National Museum of Visual Art. https://mnav.gub.uy/cms.php?a=4 · “Joaquín Torres-García.” National Gallery of Art. https://www.nga.gov/collection/artist-info.2518.html · “Joaquín Torres-García.” Hutchinson Modern & Contemporary. https://hutchinsonmodern.com/artists/40-joaquin-Torres-Garcia/biography/Medina, Alvaro. “Torres-García and the Southern School.” ArtNexus. https://www.artnexus.com/en/magazines/article-magazine-artnexus/5ebf04481ae60a0ea57baa18/3/Torres-Garcia-and-the-southern-school · Museo Torres Garcia. “bio.” https://www.torresgarcia.org.uy/bio.php · ROMMENS, AARNOUD. “Latin American Abstraction: Upending Joaquín Torres-García’s Inverted Map.” Mosaic: An Interdisciplinary Critical Journal, vol. 51, no. 2, 2018, pp. 35–58. JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/90021965 · Torres, Celia de. “Constructing Abstraction with Wood: Joaquín Torres-García.” Literal. Issue 18. April 18, 2012. https://literalmagazine.com/constructing-abstraction-with-wood-joaquin-Torres-Garcia/ See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The shoes you're wearing today likely were made possible by an invention from the late 19th century. But the inventor of that machine, who had little to no formal education, didn't really get to enjoy the fruits of his labor. Research: ·     “29c Jan E. Matzeliger single.” Smithsonian National Postal Museum. https://postalmuseum.si.edu/object/npm_1993.2015.160 ·     Biography.com Editors. “Jan Matzeliger Biography.” Biography.com. June 24, 2020. https://www.biography.com/inventors/jan-matzeliger ·     Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Jan Ernst Matzeliger". Encyclopedia Britannica, 11 Sep. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jan-Ernst-Matzeliger. ·     “Brockton lasters Strike.” The Daily Item. August 8, 1887. https://www.newspapers.com/image/945617821/?match=1&terms=lasters%20strike ·     Curry, Sheree R. “Jan Ernst Matzeliger Made Modern Footwear Accessible.” USA Today. Feb. 17, 2023. https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2023/02/17/jan-ernst-matzeliger-black-shoe-inventor/11154017002/ ·     “Death of Earnest Matzeliger.” The Daily Item. Aug. 26, 1889. https://www.newspapers.com/image/945605665/?match=1&terms=Matzeliger ·     “Jan Ernst Matzeliger.” National Inventors Hall of Fame. https://www.invent.org/inductees/jan-ernst-matzeliger ·     “Jan Matzlieger ‘Lasting Machine.'” Massachusetts Institute of Technology. https://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/jan-matzlieger ·     Kaplan, Sydney. “JAN EARNST MATZELIGER AND THE MAKING OF THE SHOE.” Journal of Negro History. Volume 40, Number 1. January 1955. https://doi.org/10.2307/2715446 ·     Matzeliger, J.E. “Lasting Machine.” U.S. Patent Office. March 20, 1883. https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/0274207 ·     “Matzeliger's Invention Changed the World.” The Daily Item. Aug. 10, 1999. https://www.newspapers.com/image/948726215/?match=1&terms=Matzeliger ·     Morgan, Stuart. “The birth of the lasting machine.” Satra. https://www.satra.com/bulletin/article.php?id=2501 ·     Smeulders, V.  (2017, May 31). Matzeliger, Jan Ernst. Oxford African American Studies Center. Retrieved 25 Nov. 2024, from https://oxfordaasc.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.001.0001/acref-9780195301731-e-74508 ·     Thompson, Ross. “The Path to Mechanized Shoe Production in the United States.” University of North Carolina Press. 2001.  See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Charles Farrar Browne is often called the first standup comedian. He was, in the 1860s, wildly famous, but his early death, and the soaring career of one of his friends, have contributed to Browne fading from the spotlight in history. Research: “Born 1834; Married 1835. Artemus Ward's Alleged Widow Claims His Estate.” The Savannah Morning News. April 15, 1891. https://www.newspapers.com/image/852548808/?match=1&terms=artemus%20ward Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Artemus Ward". Encyclopedia Britannica, 22 Apr. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Artemus-Ward Dahl, Curtis. “Artemus Ward: Comic Panoramist.” The New England Quarterly, vol. 32, no. 4, 1959, pp. 476–85. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/362502 Hingston, Edward P. “The Genial Showman, Reminiscences of the Life of Artemus Ward.” London: Chatto and Windus. 1881. https://archive.org/details/genialshowmanrem00hingiala/page/n5/mode/2up Hofferth, Micah. “Charles Farrar Browne, the Sometimes-racist Father of Standup Comedy.” Vulture. Feb. 28, 2012. https://www.vulture.com/2012/02/charles-farrar-browne-the-sometimes-racist-father-of-standup-comedy.html “Mark Twain on Artemus Ward.” The Albany Evening Journal. Nov. 29, 1871. https://twain.lib.virginia.edu/roughingit/lecture/awlectaj.html Reed, John Q. “Artemus Ward's First Lecture.” American Literature, vol. 32, no. 3, 1960, pp. 317–19. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/2922080 Seitz, Don C. “Artemus Ward.” Harper & Brothers. 1919. Accessed online: https://archive.org/stream/artemuswardchar00seituoft/artemuswardchar00seituoft_djvu.txt “Ward, Artemus (1834-1867).” The Vault at Pfaff's, Lehigh University. https://pfaffs.web.lehigh.edu/node/54123 Ward, Artemus. “The Complete Works of Artemus Ward.” https://www.gutenberg.org/files/6946/6946-h/6946-h.htm#bio      See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

*Content Warning: sexual assault, rape, false reporting and mental illness.Sources:Brittain, A. (2024, October 1). Me Too Movement. Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Me-Too-movementBrooks SK, Greenberg N. Psychological impact of being wrongfully accused of criminal offenses: A systematic literature review. Med Sci Law. 2021 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7838333/ The Criminal Justice System: Statistics. (n.d.). Rape, Abuse, & Incest National Network.. https://rainn.org/statistics/criminal-justice-systemCriminal Resource Manual. (n.d.). U.S. Department of Justice. https://www.justice.gov/archives/jm/criminal-resource-manual-916-false-statements-federal-investigatorFalse Reporting. (2012, March). National Sexual Violence Resource Center. https://www.nsvrc.org/sites/default/files/2012-03/Publications_NSVRC_Overview_False-Reporting.pdfFalsely Reporting an Incident, Saland Law https://www.new-york-lawyers.org/falsely-reporting-an-incident.html Former Rising Football Star Exonerated in Rape Case. (2012, May 24). ABC News. https://abcnews.go.com/US/rising-football-star-brian-banks-exonerated-rape-case/story?id=16424770Leithead, K. (2022, November 9). False Reports: Percentage. End Violence Against Women International. https://evawintl.org/best_practice_faqs/false-reports-percentage/Mascolo, J. (2023, September 8). Filing a False Police Report. https://www.findlaw.com/criminal/criminal-charges/filing-a-false-police-report.htmlMcNamara, J., & Lawrence, J. (2012, September 1). False Allegations of Adult Crimes. Law Enforcement Bulletin. https://leb.fbi.gov/articles/featured-articles/false-allegations-of-adult-crimesMcNamara JJ, McDonald S, Lawrence JM. Characteristics of false allegation adult crimes. J Forensic Sci. 2012https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/More Than Twice as Many Americans Support Than Oppose the #MeToo Movement. (2022, September 29). Pew Research. https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2022/09/29/more-than-twice-as-many-americans-support-than-oppose-the-metoo-movement/Perrotto, A. (n.d.). The rarity of false rape reports; a brave new world of technology (PCAR). Pennsylvania Coalition to Advance Respect. https://pcar.org/blog/rarity-false-rape-reports-brave-new-world-technologyTarana Burke. (n.d.). Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tarana-BurkeWoman Who Falsely Accused Brian Banks of Rape Ordered to Pay $2.6M. (2013, January 15). KTLA 4. https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/woman-falsely-accused-brian-banks-rape-ordered-to-pay-26m/1971672/ Resources:National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI)https://www.nami.org/ National Sexual Violence Resource Center (NSVRC)https://www.nsvrc.org/ Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network (RAINN).https://rainn.org/?_ga=2.262784078.390982495.1727710159-2006450411.1727373347 Follow Something Was Wrong:Website: somethingwaswrong.com IG: instagram.com/somethingwaswrongpodcastTikTok: tiktok.com/@somethingwaswrongpodcast Follow Tiffany Reese:Website: tiffanyreese.me IG: http://www.instagram.com/lookieboo The Data Points cover art is by the Amazing Sara Stewart. See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Sir Hans Sloane's legacy is a bit mixed. He is the reason there's a British Museum, but there are a lot of problematic aspects to the way he gathered his collection. Research: Blair, Molly. “350 years of the Chelsea Physic Garden: A brief history.” Gardens Illustrated. https://www.gardensillustrated.com/features/chelsea-physic-garden-350 Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Sir Hans Sloane, Baronet". Encyclopedia Britannica, 12 Apr. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sir-Hans-Sloane-Baronet Delbourgo, James. “Collecting the World: Hans Sloane and the Origins of the British Museum.” Cambridge, MA and London, England: Harvard University Press, 2017.  “Health in the 17th Royal Museums Greenwich. https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/health-17th-century “Introducing Sir Hans Sloane.” The Sloane Letters Project. https://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/ Lemonius, Michele. “‘Deviously Ingenious': British Colonialism in Jamaica.” Peace Research, vol. 49, no. 2, 2017, pp. 79–103. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/44779908 “London, January 13.” The Derby Mercury. Jan. 12, 1753. https://www.newspapers.com/image/394230860/?match=1&terms=Sir%20Hans%20Sloane Pavid, Katie. “Hans Sloane: Physician, collector and botanist.” National History Museum. https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/hans-sloane-physician-collector-botanist.html “Sir Hans Sloane.” Sir Hans Sloane Centre. https://sirhanssloanecentre.co.uk/who-is-hans-sloane/ “Sir Hans Sloane.” The British Museum. https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/sir-hans-sloane Stearns, Raymond Phinneas. “James Petiver Promoter of Natural Science, c.1663-1718.” Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society. October 1952. https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44807240.pdf See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Part two of our week of ghosts is all about one spirit – this time, a poltergeist. People have been arguing over this one since the 1660s, including some prominent skeptics and supporters.   Research: Aldridge, Alfred Owen. “Franklin and the Ghostly Drummer of Tedworth.” The William and Mary Quarterly, vol. 7, no. 4, 1950, pp. 559–67. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1917046 “Ballygally Castle Hotel and it's Ghost Room.” Ballygally Castle Hotel. https://www.ballygallycastlehotel.com/ballygally-castle-hotel-and-its-ghost-room/ Belanger, Jeff. “World's Most Haunted Places.” Rosen Publishing Group. 2009. "A blow at modern Sadducism in some philosophical considerations about witchcraft. To which is added, the relation of the fam'd disturbance by the drummer, in the house of Mr. John Mompesson, with some reflections on drollery and atheisme. / By a member of the Royal Society.." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A70179.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Briggs, Stacia. “The Brown Lady of Raynham Hall.” Norfolk Folklore Society. Dec. 3, 2023. https://www.norfolkfolkloresociety.co.uk/post/the-brown-lady-ghost-of-raynham-hall Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Joseph Glanvill". Encyclopedia Britannica, 6 Mar. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Glanvill “The Brown Lady of Raynham Hall.” UK Paranormal Society. https://ukparanormalsociety.org/encyclopedia/the-brown-lady-of-raynham-hall/ “The day a Country Life photographer captured an image of a ghost, a picture that's become one of the most famous ‘spirit photography' images of all time.” Country Life. Oct. 31, 2022. https://www.countrylife.co.uk/nature/the-day-a-country-life-photographer-captured-an-image-of-a-ghost-234642 Dorney, John. “The Plantation of Ulster: A Brief Overview.” The Irish Story. June 2, 2024. https://www.theirishstory.com/2024/06/02/the-plantation-of-ulster-a-brief-overview/ Hunter, Michael (2005) New light on the ‘Drummer of Tedworth': conflicting narratives of witchcraft in Restoration England. London: Birkbeck ePrints. http://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/archive/00000250 Mackay, Charles. Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds.” London. 1852. Accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/24518/24518-h/24518-h.htm Mantell, Rowan and Siofra Connor. “Weird Norfolk: The Brown Lady of Raynham Hall.” Eastern Daily Press. August 4, 2018. Miles, Abraham. "Wonder of wonders being a true relation of the strange and invisible beating of a drum, at the house of John Mompesson, Esquire, at Tidcomb, in the county of Wilt-shire ... : to the tune of Bragandary / by Abraham Miles." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A50850.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. “On Wednesday Night died at his Seat … “The Derby Mercury. June 29, 1738. https://www.newspapers.com/image/394517191/?match=1&terms=Raynham%20Hall “Settlers, Sieges and Spirits: The Story of Ballygally Castle.” Ballygally Castle Hotel. https://www.ballygallycastlehotel.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/heritage-leaflet_ballygally-web.pdf Smith, Edd. “The Vast History of Raynham Hall.” BBC. May 20, 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/norfolk/hi/people_and_places/history/newsid_8058000/8058145.stm Spirit, L. “THE BROWN LADY OF RAYNHAM HALL: The World's Most Infamous Ghost.” Norfolk Record Office Blog. July 31, 2024. https://norfolkrecordofficeblog.org/2024/07/31/the-brown-lady-of-raynham-hall-the-worlds-most-infamous-ghost/ Spirit, L. “THE BROWN LADY OF RAYNHAM HALL: The World's Most Infamous Ghost (continued).” Norfolk Record Office Blog. August 14, 2024. https://norfolkrecordofficeblog.org/2024/08/14/the-brown-lady-of-raynham-hall-the-worlds-most-infamous-ghost-continued/ Wade, Mike. “Ultimate proof that ghosts exist, or maybe it's just dust on the lens.” The Times. March 27, 2009. https://www.thetimes.com/article/ultimate-proof-that-ghosts-exist-or-maybe-its-just-dust-on-the-lens-5xt5v03kk8k Webster, John. “The Displaying of Supposed Witchcraft.” 1677. 2024 eBook accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/72654/pg72654-images.html “What was the Plantation of Ulster?” BBC Bitesize. https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/articles/z2bgsrd Wright, Dudley. “The Epworth Phenomena, To which are appended certain Psychic Experiences recorded by John Wesley in the pages of his Journal .” Accessed online: https://mail.gutenberg.net.au/ebooks03/0301311.txt  See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Part one of our Halloween finale on British Isles ghosts features two very classic ghost tales: the brown lady of Raynham Hall and the ghosts of of Ballygally Castle.  Research: Aldridge, Alfred Owen. “Franklin and the Ghostly Drummer of Tedworth.” The William and Mary Quarterly, vol. 7, no. 4, 1950, pp. 559–67. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1917046 “Ballygally Castle Hotel and it's Ghost Room.” Ballygally Castle Hotel. https://www.ballygallycastlehotel.com/ballygally-castle-hotel-and-its-ghost-room/ Belanger, Jeff. “World's Most Haunted Places.” Rosen Publishing Group. 2009. "A blow at modern Sadducism in some philosophical considerations about witchcraft. To which is added, the relation of the fam'd disturbance by the drummer, in the house of Mr. John Mompesson, with some reflections on drollery and atheisme. / By a member of the Royal Society.." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A70179.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Briggs, Stacia. “The Brown Lady of Raynham Hall.” Norfolk Folklore Society. Dec. 3, 2023. https://www.norfolkfolkloresociety.co.uk/post/the-brown-lady-ghost-of-raynham-hall Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Joseph Glanvill". Encyclopedia Britannica, 6 Mar. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Glanvill “The Brown Lady of Raynham Hall.” UK Paranormal Society. https://ukparanormalsociety.org/encyclopedia/the-brown-lady-of-raynham-hall/ “The day a Country Life photographer captured an image of a ghost, a picture that's become one of the most famous ‘spirit photography' images of all time.” Country Life. Oct. 31, 2022. https://www.countrylife.co.uk/nature/the-day-a-country-life-photographer-captured-an-image-of-a-ghost-234642 Dorney, John. “The Plantation of Ulster: A Brief Overview.” The Irish Story. June 2, 2024. https://www.theirishstory.com/2024/06/02/the-plantation-of-ulster-a-brief-overview/ Hunter, Michael (2005) New light on the ‘Drummer of Tedworth': conflicting narratives of witchcraft in Restoration England. London: Birkbeck ePrints. http://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/archive/00000250 Mackay, Charles. Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds.” London. 1852. Accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/24518/24518-h/24518-h.htm Mantell, Rowan and Siofra Connor. “Weird Norfolk: The Brown Lady of Raynham Hall.” Eastern Daily Press. August 4, 2018. Miles, Abraham. "Wonder of wonders being a true relation of the strange and invisible beating of a drum, at the house of John Mompesson, Esquire, at Tidcomb, in the county of Wilt-shire ... : to the tune of Bragandary / by Abraham Miles." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A50850.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. “On Wednesday Night died at his Seat … “The Derby Mercury. June 29, 1738. https://www.newspapers.com/image/394517191/?match=1&terms=Raynham%20Hall “Settlers, Sieges and Spirits: The Story of Ballygally Castle.” Ballygally Castle Hotel. https://www.ballygallycastlehotel.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/heritage-leaflet_ballygally-web.pdf Smith, Edd. “The Vast History of Raynham Hall.” BBC. May 20, 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/norfolk/hi/people_and_places/history/newsid_8058000/8058145.stm Spirit, L. “THE BROWN LADY OF RAYNHAM HALL: The World's Most Infamous Ghost.” Norfolk Record Office Blog. July 31, 2024. https://norfolkrecordofficeblog.org/2024/07/31/the-brown-lady-of-raynham-hall-the-worlds-most-infamous-ghost/ Spirit, L. “THE BROWN LADY OF RAYNHAM HALL: The World's Most Infamous Ghost (continued).” Norfolk Record Office Blog. August 14, 2024. https://norfolkrecordofficeblog.org/2024/08/14/the-brown-lady-of-raynham-hall-the-worlds-most-infamous-ghost-continued/ Wade, Mike. “Ultimate proof that ghosts exist, or maybe it's just dust on the lens.” The Times. March 27, 2009. https://www.thetimes.com/article/ultimate-proof-that-ghosts-exist-or-maybe-its-just-dust-on-the-lens-5xt5v03kk8k Webster, John. “The Displaying of Supposed Witchcraft.” 1677. 2024 eBook accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/72654/pg72654-images.html “What was the Plantation of Ulster?” BBC Bitesize. https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/articles/z2bgsrd Wright, Dudley. “The Epworth Phenomena, To which are appended certain Psychic Experiences recorded by John Wesley in the pages of his Journal .” Accessed online: https://mail.gutenberg.net.au/ebooks03/0301311.txt      See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Part two of our episode on Horace Walpole gets into the gothic literature and gothic castles his life is associated with, including his own eclectic and impressive home, Strawberry Hill. Research:  "Horace Walpole." Encyclopedia of World Biography Online, vol. 38, Gale, 2018. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1631010882/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=37ba7a42. Accessed 23 Sept. 2024. "Walpole, Horace." American Revolution Reference Library, edited by Barbara Bigelow, et al., vol. 2: Biographies, Vol. 2, UXL, 2000, pp. 459-465. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3411900071/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=9d8ef915. Accessed 23 Sept. 2024. Bladen, “Anne Seymour Damer: the 'Sappho' of sculpture.” ArtUK. 2/7/2020. https://artuk.org/discover/stories/anne-seymour-damer-the-sappho-of-sculpture Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Horace Walpole". Encyclopedia Britannica, 20 Sep. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Horace-Walpole. Accessed 2 October 2024. Chapman, Caroline. “Horace to Horace.” History Today. May 2014. Ellis, Kate. “Female Empowerment: The Secret in the Gothic Novel.” Phi Kappa Phi Forum. Fall 2010. Exploring Surrey's Past. “Horace Walpole (1717-1797).” https://www.exploringsurreyspast.org.uk/themes/people/notable_residents/walpole/ Haggerty, George E. “Queering Horace Walpole.” Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900, Summer, 2006. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3844520 Jane Austen & Company. “Six Interesting Facts About Horace Walpole.” 12/9/2021. https://www.janeaustenandco.org/post/six-interesting-facts-about-horace-walpole Lewis, Wilmark S. “Horace Walpole Reread.” The Atlantic. July 1945. https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1945/07/horace-walpole-reread/655855/ Open Anthology of Literature in English. “Horace Walpole.” https://virginia-anthology.org/horace-walpole/ Plumb, John. "Robert Walpole, 1st earl of Orford". Encyclopedia Britannica, 30 Sep. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-Walpole-1st-Earl-of-Orford. Accessed 2 October 2024. Reeve, Clara. “The old English baron, by C. Reeve; also The castle of Otranto, by H. Walpole.” 1883. Scott, Walter. “Introduction.” From Castle of Otranto: A Gothic Story. James Ballantine and Company. 1811. https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=QXw4AAAAYAAJ Silver, Sean R. “Visiting Strawberry Hill: Horace Walpole's Gothic Historiography.” Eighteenth Century Fiction, Volume 21, Number 4, Summer 2009, pp. 535-564 (Article). https://doi.org/10.1353/ecf.0.0079 Stuart, Dorothy Margaret. “Horace Walpole.” New York, Macmillan, 1927. https://archive.org/details/horacewalpole0000stua_d6s4/ Thorpe, Vanessa. “Letters reveal the dispute that pushed poet Thomas Chatterton to the brink.” The Guardian. 10/29/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2023/oct/29/letters-reveal-the-dispute-that-pushed-poet-thomas-chatterton-to-the-brink Vickery, Amanda. “Horace Walpole and Strawberry Hill.” The Guardian. 2/19/2010. https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2010/feb/20/horace-walpole-strawberry-hill Viseltear, A J. “The last illnesses of Robert and Horace Walpole.” The Yale journal of biology and medicine vol. 56,2 (1983): 131-52. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2589702/ Walker, Susan. “24. Choice 14: Walpole's Chattertoniana.” Horace Walpole at 300. https://campuspress.yale.edu/walpole300/tag/thomas-chatterton/ Walpole, Horace and L.B. Seeley. “Horace Walpole and his world.” New York, C. Scribner's Sons. 1895. https://archive.org/details/horacewalpolehis00wal Walpole, Horace. “A description of the villa of Mr. Horace Walpole, youngest son of Sir Robert Walpole Earl of Orford, at Strawberry-Hill near Twickenham, Middlesex : with an inventory of the furniture, pictures, curiosities, &c.” Strawberry-Hill : Printed by Thomas Kirgate. 1784. https://archive.org/details/descriptionofvil00walp_0/page/n175/mode/1up Walpole, Horace. “Letters to Sir Horace Mann.” Vol. IV. London, 1843. https://archive.org/details/letterstosirhor00walpgoog/ Wood, Betty. "Slavery in Colonial Georgia." New Georgia Encyclopedia, 19 September 2002, https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/slavery-in-colonial-georgia/. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Horace Walpole is best known for his gothic novel "The Castle of Otranto," but he lived a lot of life before that. The first part of this two-parter covers his early life, his travels with his friend Thomas Gray, and his time in Parliament.  Research: "Horace Walpole." Encyclopedia of World Biography Online, vol. 38, Gale, 2018. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1631010882/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=37ba7a42. Accessed 23 Sept. 2024. "Walpole, Horace." American Revolution Reference Library, edited by Barbara Bigelow, et al., vol. 2: Biographies, Vol. 2, UXL, 2000, pp. 459-465. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3411900071/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=9d8ef915. Accessed 23 Sept. 2024. Bladen, “Anne Seymour Damer: the 'Sappho' of sculpture.” ArtUK. 2/7/2020. https://artuk.org/discover/stories/anne-seymour-damer-the-sappho-of-sculpture Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Horace Walpole". Encyclopedia Britannica, 20 Sep. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Horace-Walpole. Accessed 2 October 2024. Chapman, Caroline. “Horace to Horace.” History Today. May 2014. Ellis, Kate. “Female Empowerment: The Secret in the Gothic Novel.” Phi Kappa Phi Forum. Fall 2010. Exploring Surrey's Past. “Horace Walpole (1717-1797).” https://www.exploringsurreyspast.org.uk/themes/people/notable_residents/walpole/ Haggerty, George E. “Queering Horace Walpole.” Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900, Summer, 2006. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3844520 Jane Austen & Company. “Six Interesting Facts About Horace Walpole.” 12/9/2021. https://www.janeaustenandco.org/post/six-interesting-facts-about-horace-walpole Lewis, Wilmark S. “Horace Walpole Reread.” The Atlantic. July 1945. https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1945/07/horace-walpole-reread/655855/ Open Anthology of Literature in English. “Horace Walpole.” https://virginia-anthology.org/horace-walpole/ Plumb, John. "Robert Walpole, 1st earl of Orford". Encyclopedia Britannica, 30 Sep. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-Walpole-1st-Earl-of-Orford. Accessed 2 October 2024. Reeve, Clara. “The old English baron, by C. Reeve; also The castle of Otranto, by H. Walpole.” 1883. Scott, Walter. “Introduction.” From Castle of Otranto: A Gothic Story. James Ballantine and Company. 1811. https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=QXw4AAAAYAAJ Silver, Sean R. “Visiting Strawberry Hill: Horace Walpole's Gothic Historiography.” Eighteenth Century Fiction, Volume 21, Number 4, Summer 2009, pp. 535-564 (Article). https://doi.org/10.1353/ecf.0.0079 Stuart, Dorothy Margaret. “Horace Walpole.” New York, Macmillan, 1927. https://archive.org/details/horacewalpole0000stua_d6s4/ Thorpe, Vanessa. “Letters reveal the dispute that pushed poet Thomas Chatterton to the brink.” The Guardian. 10/29/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2023/oct/29/letters-reveal-the-dispute-that-pushed-poet-thomas-chatterton-to-the-brink Vickery, Amanda. “Horace Walpole and Strawberry Hill.” The Guardian. 2/19/2010. https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2010/feb/20/horace-walpole-strawberry-hill Viseltear, A J. “The last illnesses of Robert and Horace Walpole.” The Yale journal of biology and medicine vol. 56,2 (1983): 131-52. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2589702/ Walker, Susan. “24. Choice 14: Walpole's Chattertoniana.” Horace Walpole at 300. https://campuspress.yale.edu/walpole300/tag/thomas-chatterton/ Walpole, Horace and L.B. Seeley. “Horace Walpole and his world.” New York, C. Scribner's Sons. 1895. https://archive.org/details/horacewalpolehis00wal Walpole, Horace. “A description of the villa of Mr. Horace Walpole, youngest son of Sir Robert Walpole Earl of Orford, at Strawberry-Hill near Twickenham, Middlesex : with an inventory of the furniture, pictures, curiosities, &c.” Strawberry-Hill : Printed by Thomas Kirgate. 1784. https://archive.org/details/descriptionofvil00walp_0/page/n175/mode/1up Walpole, Horace. “Letters to Sir Horace Mann.” Vol. IV. London, 1843. https://archive.org/details/letterstosirhor00walpgoog/ Wood, Betty. "Slavery in Colonial Georgia." New Georgia Encyclopedia, 19 September 2002, https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/slavery-in-colonial-georgia/. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Alger Hiss worked in high-level roles in the U.S. government during the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration. And then he was accused of using his access to spy for the Soviets. Research: “Alger Hiss.” FBI. https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/alger-hiss “A Byte Out of History, the Alger Hiss Story.” FBI. Jan. 25, 2013. https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/a-byte-out-of-history-the-alger-hiss-story Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Alger Hiss". Encyclopedia Britannica, 8 Jul. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alger-Hiss Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Whittaker Chambers". Encyclopedia Britannica, 5 Jul. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Whittaker-Chambers Chambers, Whittaker. “The Ghosts on the Roof.” Time. 5, 1948. https://time.com/archive/6784924/the-ghosts-on-the-roof/ Mark, Eduard. “In ReAlger Hiss: A Final Verdict from the Archives of the KGB.” Journal of Cold War Studies, vol. 11, no. 3, 2009, pp. 26–67. JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/26923052 Fox, John F. Jr. “In the Enemy's House: Venona and the Maturation of American Counterintelligence.” FBI.gov. Oct. 27, 2005. https://www.fbi.gov/history/history-publications-reports/in-the-enemys-house-venona-and-the-maturation-of-american-counterintelligence Hadley, David. “The Long Controversy Over Alger Hiss.” Teaching American History. Jan. 21, 2020. https://teachingamericanhistory.org/blog/the-long-controversy-over-alger-hiss/ “KGB interviews GRU agent and net controller name ALES 30 March 1945.” https://media.defense.gov/2021/Aug/01/2002818545/-1/-1/0/30MAR_KGB_INTERVIEWS_GRU_AGENT.PDF Rowe, Daniel, and Sarah Fagg, ed. “Alger Hiss and American Anti-communism.” New Histories. Vol. 3, Issue 5. https://newhistories.sites.sheffield.ac.uk/volumes/2011-12/volume-3/issue-5-crime-punishment/alger-hiss-and-american-anti-communism Sander, Gordon F. “Microfilm hidden in a pumpkin launched Richard Nixon's career 75 years ago.” New York Times.  Dec. 2, 2023. https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2023/12/02/pumpkin-papers-richard-nixon/ “Secrets, Lies, and Atomic Spies: Alger Hiss.” NOVA. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/venona/dece_hiss.html “The Yalta Conference.” U.S. State Department, Office of the Historian. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1937-1945/yalta-conf#:~:text=At%20Yalta%2C%20Roosevelt%20and%20Churchill,of%20influence%20in%20Manchuria%20following See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Wawel Hill in Krakow is home to the Wawel Hill complex, a historically important set of buildings that are central to Poland's history. In many ways, the story of Wawel is the story of Poland Research: “$50 Million Art Leaves Quebec for Poland via Boston.” The Boston Globe. Jan. 3 1961. https://www.newspapers.com/image/433010907/?match=1&terms=poland%20quebec Biskupski, M. B. “Re-Creating Central Europe: The United States ‘Inquiry' into the Future of Poland in 1918.” The International History Review, vol. 12, no. 2, 1990, pp. 249–79. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/40106179 Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Jadwiga". Encyclopedia Britannica, 13 Jul. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jadwiga Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Mieszko I". Encyclopedia Britannica, 21 May. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mieszko-I Butterwick, Richard. “The Constitution of 3 May 1791.” Polish History Museum. 2021. https://polishhistory.pl/wp-content/uploads/2021/Konstytucja_en_www.pdf “Historic Polish Crown Found in Trunk of Tree Uproooted by Storm.” The Buffalo News. Jan. 16, 1914. https://www.newspapers.com/image/352030573/?match=1&terms=%22wawel%20castle%22 “Historic Centre of Kraków.” UNESCO World Heritage Convention. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/29 “The History of the Royal Palace.” Wawel. https://wawel.krakow.pl/en/the-history-of-the-royal-palace “Krakowskie ABC.” Krakow.pl. https://www.krakow.pl/kultura/73601,artykul,krakowskie_abc.html#:~:text=Istnieje+kilka+koncepcji+wyja%C5%9Bniaj%C4%85cych+pochodzenie,od+imienia+legendarnego+ksi%C4%99cia+Kraka B. “The Partitions of Poland.” Bulletin of International News, vol. 16, no. 21, 1939, pp. 3–12. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25642594 Nungovitch, Petro Andreas. “Here All Is Poland: A Pantheonic History of Wawel, 1787-2010.” Lexington Books. 2018. “Retain Hopes of Getting Art Treasures to Poland.” The Sault Star. Sept. 21, 1960. https://www.newspapers.com/image/736942502/?match=1&terms=poland%20quebec Rhode, Gotthold K.S.. "Władysław II Jagiełło". Encyclopedia Britannica, 16 Apr. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Wladyslaw-II-Jagiello Rhode, Gotthold K.S.. "Casimir III". Encyclopedia Britannica, 30 Apr. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Casimir-III Rosenthal, A.M. “Ancient Treasures Return to Poland From Canada.” The Bangor Daily News. Feb. 17, 1959. https://www.newspapers.com/image/662432249/?match=1&terms=wawel%20castle Wilk, Marcin. “KAROLINA LANCKOROŃSKA: ARISTOCRAT, SCHOLAR, AND PATRON.” Polish History. https://polishhistory.pl/karolina-lanckoronska-aristocrat-scholar-and-patron/  See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The Battle of Brunanburh took place in 937, and is often referred to as the battle that made England. But there are a LOT of questions about that battle, including how it played out and where it took place. Research: “Battle of Brunanburh.” The Anglo Saxons. https://www.theanglosaxons.com/battle-of-brunanburh-poem/ Anderson, Anne. “Battle of Brunanburh: The Site Argument.” Liverpool Daily Post. Sept. 18, 1937. https://www.newspapers.com/image/891771637/?match=1&terms=brunanburh Blakemore, Erin. “England Was Born on This Battlefield. Why can't historians find it?” National Geographic. May 24, 2023. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/premium/article/battle-of-brunanburh-england-anglo-saxon-victory?loggedin=true&rnd=1725286067852 Bolton, W. F. “‘Variation' in The Battle of Brunanburh.” The Review of English Studies, vol. 19, no. 76, 1968, pp. 363–72. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/512805 Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Athelstan". Encyclopedia Britannica, 20 Aug. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Athelstan Castelow, Ellen. “Battle of Brunanburh 937AD.” Historic UK. Nov. 25, 2014. https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofBritain/Battle-of-Brunanburh/ Cavill, P. (2022). The Battle of Brunanburh: The Yorkshire Hypothesis. English Studies, 104(1), 19–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/0013838X.2022.2154045 Cavill, Paul. “Vikings: Fear and Faith in Anglo-Saxon England.” Harper Collins. https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/-sczsteve/Cavill_2001.pdf “The Danes in Lancashire, or the Battle of Brunanburh, and the Probable Locality of the Conflict.” Preston Chronicle and Lancashire Advisor. Jan. 17, 1857. https://www.newspapers.com/image/392902369/?match=1&terms=brunanburh Halloran, Kevin. “The Brunanburh Campaign: A Reappraisal.” The Scottish Historical Review, vol. 84, no. 218, 2005, pp. 133–48. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25529849 Hardwick, Charles. “Where was the Batt;e of Brunanburh fought?” The Preston Chronicle and Lancashire Advertiser. July 12, 1856. https://www.newspapers.com/image/392945292/?match=1&terms=brunanburh Livingston, Michael. “Never Greater Slaughter: Brunaburh and the Birth of England.” Osprey. 2021. Loxton, Alice. “What happened at the Battle of Brunanburh?” History Hit. Oct. 25, 2019. https://www.historyhit.com/what-happened-at-the-battle-of-brunanburh/ McDonald, J.E. “Stockport and the Battle of Brunanburh.” Wimslow and Alderley and Knutsford Advertiser. Sept. 22, 1933. https://www.newspapers.com/image/887178425/?match=1&terms=brunanburh Neilson, Geo. “Brunanburh and Burnswork.” The Scottish Historical Review, vol. 7, no. 25, 1909, pp. 37–55. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25518148 Sartore, Melissa. “Who was the first king of England? The answer is … complicated.” National Geographic. May 2, 2023. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/premium/article/first-king-of-england-aethelstan?loggedin=true&rnd=1725286069300 Whitelock, Dorothy. "Alfred". Encyclopedia Britannica, 4 Aug. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alfred-king-of-Wessex WIRRAL ARCHAEOLOGY. “The search for the Battle of Brunanburh, is over.” Liverpool University Press Blog. October 21, 2019. https://liverpooluniversitypress.blog/2019/10/22/the-search-for-the-battle-of-brunanburh-is-over/ “Wirral Archaeology and the Search for the Battle of Brunanburh.” Wirral Archaeology. https://www.wirralarchaeology.org/pages/wirral-archaeology-and-the-search-for-the-battle-of-brunanburh/ “Walton-Le-Dale in the Olden Time.” The Preston Chronicle and Lancashire Advertiser. June 20, 1863. https://www.newspapers.com/image/392939927/?match=1&terms=brunanburh Wood, M. (2013). Searching for Brunanburh: The Yorkshire Context of the ‘Great War' of 937. Yorkshire Archaeological Journal, 85(1), 138–159. https://doi.org/10.1179/0084427613Z.00000000021 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Charlotte Cooper Sterry was a tennis player who set records during her lifetime that remained unbroken for almost a century. One of them still stands. Research: Yang, Heewon, and Kelly Chandler. "Tennis." Encyclopedia of Recreation and Leisure in America, edited by Gary S. Cross, vol. 2, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2004, pp. 351-354. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3434800256/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=64f7cfa9. Accessed 15 July 2024. com. “The Oldest' Ladies Champions.” 9/29/2017. https://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/news/articles/2017-09-29/2017-09-29_2017-09-29_the_oldest_ladies_singles_champions.html Bennett, Courtney. "Wimbledon." St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture Online, Gale, 2013. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/PUXWIE130945815/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=8c49dec7. Accessed 15 July 2024. Reilley, Lucas. “Tennis: The Sport that Loves to Kill Royalty.” 10/12/2018. https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/560200/tennis-related-royal-deaths "Tennis." Britannica Library, Encyclopædia Britannica, 25 Mar. 2024. libraries.state.ma.us/login?eburl=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.eb.com&ebtarget=%2Flevels%2Freferencecenter%2Farticle%2Ftennis%2F108495&ebboatid=9265899. Accessed 15 Jul. 2024. Fabry, Merrill. “Why Is Tennis Scored So Weirdly?” Time. 7/14/2023. https://time.com/5040182/tennis-scoring-system-history/ “Wingfield and the birth of lawn tennis.” 5/15/2024. https://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/news/articles/2024-05-15/wingfield_and_the_birth_of_lawn_tennis.html Smyth, J. G. "Sterry [née Cooper], Charlotte Reinagle (1870–1966), tennis player." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. October 04, 2012. Oxford University Press. Date of access 15 Jul. 2024, https://www-oxforddnb-com.proxy.bostonathenaeum.org/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-36284 Chambers, Mrs. Lambert. “Lawn Tennis for Ladies.” New York. Outing Publishing Company. 1910. https://archive.org/details/lawntennisforla00chamgoog/ Team GB. “Charlotte Cooper: The original trailblazer of women's tennis.” 3/7/2021. https://www.teamgb.com/article/charlotte-cooper-the-original-trailblazer-of-womens-tennis/PFWDdf3Zq306yiPqsw6VA1 Little, Alan. “Wimbledon Ladies : a centenary record 1884-1984 : the Single champions.” London : Wimbledon Lawn Tennis Museum. 1984. https://archive.org/details/wimbledonladiesc0000litt/ Myers, Arthur Wallis. “Lawn Tennis at Home and Abroad.” Scribner's. 1903. https://archive.org/details/lawntennisathom00myergoog/ Hillyard, George Whiteside. “Forty Years of First-class Lawn Tennis.” Williams & Norgate. 1924. https://books.google.com/books?id=lHtYAAAAYAAJ Weaver, Harry. “'Chattie' the Champion.” The London Observer. 6/27/1965. https://www.newspapers.com/image/258000462/ Robyns, Gwen. “Wimbledon; the hidden drama.” Newton Abbot, David & Charles. 1973. Troy Lennon History Editor. "First woman Olympic tennis champ was deaf". The Daily Telegraph (Australia), September 22, 2020 Tuesday. advance-lexis-com.proxy.bostonathenaeum.org/api/document?collection=news&id=urn:contentItem:60WR-RPC1-F0JP-W1PJ-00000-00&context=1519360. Accessed July 16, 2024. Robertson, Max. “Wimbledon 1877-1977.” London : Barker. 1977. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This pirate lived in the 13th century and was connected to some major events in British and French history. During his lifetime he was so notorious that people would tell kids that if they were bad Eustice the Monk would come to take them away. Research: "Battle of Sandwich." Britannica Library, Encyclopædia Britannica, 15 Feb. 2024. libraries.state.ma.us/login?eburl=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.eb.com&ebtarget=%2Flevels%2Freferencecenter%2Farticle%2FBattle-of-Sandwich%2F641336&ebboatid=9265899. Accessed 15 Aug. 2024. Burgess, Glyn. “Two Medieval Outlaws: Eustice the Monk and Fouke Fitz Waryn.” D.S. Brewer. St. Edmundsbury Press. 1997. Cannon, Henry Lewin. “The Battle of Sandwich and Eustace the Monk.” The English Historical Review , Oct., 1912, Vol. 27, No. 108 (Oct., 1912). Via JSOTR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/550984 Carpenter, D.A. “Eustice the Monk.” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. 9/23/2004. https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/37400 Isaac, Steven. “The Battle of Sandwich.” Medieval Warfare , SEP / OCT 2017, Vol. 7. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/48578184 Kelly, Thomas E., Stephen Knight and Thomas H. Ohlgren. “Eustache the Monk: Introduction.” from: Robin Hood and Other Outlaw Tales TEAMS Middle English Texts Series.  https://d.lib.rochester.edu/teams/text/eustache-the-monk-introduction Lehr, Peter. “Eustace the Monk: Banditry, Piracy and the Limits of State Authority in the High Middle Ages.” Historical Sociology. Vol. 34, Issue 3. September 2021. https://doi.org/10.1002/johs.12347 McGlynn, Sean. “Scourge of the Seas.” Medieval Warfare , 2012, Vol. 2, No. 6. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/48578143 Wright, Thomas. “Essays on subjects connected with the literature, popular superstitions, and history of England in the Middle Ages.” London : J.R. Smith. 1846. https://archive.org/details/essaysonsubjects02wrig/ See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Johannes Hevelius and his second wife and collaborator, Elisabetha were the 17th-century's astronomy power couple. For one, they had a personal observatory that was considered one of the most important in all Europe. Research: Ashworth, Dr. William B., Jr. “Elizabeth Hevelius.” Linda Hall Library. Dec. 22, 2017. https://www.lindahall.org/about/news/scientist-of-the-day/elisabeth-hevelius/ Bernardi, G. (2016). Elisabetha Catherina Koopman Hevelius (1647–1693). In: The Unforgotten Sisters. Springer Praxis Books(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26127-0_11 Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Johannes Hevelius". Encyclopedia Britannica, 13 Mar. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Hevelius Cartwright, Mark. “Johannes Hevelius.” World History Encyclopedia. Oct. 6, 2023. https://www.worldhistory.org/Johannes_Hevelius/ Laundau, Elizabeth. “The 17th-Century Astronomer Who Made the First Atlas of the Moon.” Smithsonian. Dec. 27, 2018. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/17th-century-astronomer-who-made-first-atlas-moon-180971103/ O'Connor, J.J. and E.F. Robertson. “Johannes Hevelius.” MacTutor. School of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of St Andrews, Scotland. December 2008. https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Hevelius_Johannes/ O'Connor, J.J. and E.F. Robertson. “Catherina Elisabetha Koopman Hevelius.” MacTutor. School of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of St Andrews, Scotland. December 2008. https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Hevelius_Koopman/ Waniszewska C. “Johannes Hevelius: Polish Seventeenth-Century Brewer and Astronomer.” International Astronomical Union Colloquium. 1988;98:26-27. doi:10.1017/S0252921100092083 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In the 19th century, Kentucky's Mammoth Cave launched an entire, very competitive cave tourism industry in the area, In 1925, Floyd Collins was trapped in the cave system, which was the beginning of the end of the cave wars. Research: Algeo, Katie. "Mammoth Cave and the making of place." Southeastern Geographer, vol. 44, no. 1, May 2004, pp. 27+. Gale In Context: Science, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A119615129/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=f1adfa5b. Accessed 29 July 2024. Bullitt, Alexander Clark. “Rambles in the Mammoth Cave, During the Year 1944, By a Visitor.” Louisville, KY. Morton & Griswold. 1945. Butler, Telia. “Throwback Thursday – The Kentucky Cave Wars.” WNKY News 40. 3/25/2201. https://www.wnky.com/throwback-thursday-the-kentucky-cave-wars/ Courier-Journal. “Cave Company is Cited by Dawson.” The Courier-Journal. 7/24/1927. https://www.newspapers.com/image/107046993/ Lanzendorfer, Joy. “Enslaved Tour Guide Stephen Bishop Made Mammoth Cave the Must-See Destination It Is Today.” Smithsonian. 2/6/2019. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/enslaved-tour-guide-stephen-bishop-made-mammoth-cave-must-see-destination-it-today-180971424/ McGraw, Eliza. “How the Kentucky Cave Wars Reshaped the State's Tourism Industry.” Smithsonian. 7/25/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-kentucky-cave-wars-reshaped-the-states-tourism-industry-180982585/ Meloy, Harold. “Short Legal History of Mammoth Cave.” National Parks Service. https://npshistory.com/brochures/maca/short-legal-history.pdf "Mammoth Cave National Park." Britannica Library, Encyclopædia Britannica, 4 Sep. 2015. libraries.state.ma.us/login?eburl=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.eb.com&ebtarget=%2Flevels%2Freferencecenter%2Farticle%2FMammoth-Cave-National-Park%2F50412&ebboatid=9265652. Accessed 29 Jul. 2024. National Park Service. “Early Native Americans.” Mammoth Cave. https://www.nps.gov/maca/learn/historyculture/native-americans.htm National Park Service. “Floyd Collins.” Mammoth Cave National Park. https://www.nps.gov/people/floyd-collins.htm National Park Service. “George Morrison.” Mammoth Cave National Park. https://www.nps.gov/people/george-morrison.htm National Park Service. “Prehistoric Cave Discoveries.” https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/prehistoric-cave-discoveries.htm National Park Service. “Stephen Bishop.” Mammoth Cave National Park. https://www.nps.gov/people/stephen-bishop.htm National Park Service. “The Kentucky Cave Wars.” Mammoth Cave National Park. https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/the-kentucky-cave-wars.htm National Park Service. “Tragedy at Sand Cave.” Mammoth Cave National Park. https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/tragedy-at-sand-cave.htm Ohlson, Kristin. “The Bransfords of Mammoth Cave.” American Legacy. Spring 2006. https://www.kristinohlson.com/files/mammoth_cave-2.pdf Schmitzer, Jeanne Cannella. “CCC Camp 510: Black Participation in the Creation of Mammoth Cave National Park.” The Register of the Kentucky Historical Society , Autumn 1995, Vol. 93, No. 4 (Autumn 1995). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23383772 Sides, Stanley D. and Harold Meloy. “The Pursuit of Health in the Mammoth Cave.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine , JULY-AUGUST 1971, Vol. 45, No. 4 (JULY AUGUST 1971). https://www.jstor.org/stable/44450082 Tabler, Dave. “The Kentucky Cave Wars.” Appalachian History. 4/19/2017. https://www.appalachianhistory.net/2017/04/kentucky-cave-wars.html Trowbridge, John. “The Kentucky National Guard and the William Floyd Collins Tragedy at Sand Cave.” 2/10/2021. Kentucky National Guard. https://ky.ng.mil/News/Article/2648067/the-kentucky-national-guard-and-the-william-floyd-collins-tragedy-at-sand-cave/ See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

His name is now a term that means traitor. That's because after two decades of working for the Norwegian government in various roles, he collaborated with Hitler and the Nazi party, welcomed the German occupation of his country. Research: “Biddle Tells Quisling His Power Wanes.” The Herald Press. April 1, 1943. https://www.newspapers.com/image/363504037/?match=1&terms=vidkun%20quisling Boszhardt, Alianna. “The Making of a Norwegian Traitor, Part one of four.” The Norwegian American. March 20, 2018. https://www.norwegianamerican.com/the-making-of-a-norwegian-traitor/ Boszhardt, Alianna. “The Making of a Norwegian Traitor, Part two of four.” The Norwegian American. April 3, 2018. https://www.norwegianamerican.com/the-making-of-a-norwegian-traitor-2/ Boszhardt, Alianna. “The Making of a Norwegian Traitor, Part three of four.” The Norwegian American. April 17, 2018. https://www.norwegianamerican.com/the-making-of-a-norwegian-traitor-3/ Boszhardt, Alianna. “The Making of a Norwegian Traitor, Part four of four.” The Norwegian American. May 1, 2018. https://www.norwegianamerican.com/the-making-of-a-norwegian-traitor-4/ Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Vidkun Quisling". Encyclopedia Britannica, 14 Jul. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Vidkun-Abraham-Lauritz-Jonsson-Quisling Dahl, Hans Fredrik, and Anne-Marie Stanton-Ife, translator. “Quisling: A Study in Treachery.” Cambridge University Press. 1999. Groot, J.J.M. de. “Religion in China: Universism, a key to the study of Taoism and Confucianism.” New York. Putnam. 1912. https://archive.org/details/religioninchina00groouoft/page/n13/mode/2up Hope, Michael. “Whitewashing a Puppet.” The Bolton News. April 15, 1965. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1052599254/?match=1&terms=quisling Hoyt, Harlowe R. “Gave Treason Another Name.” The Plain Dealer. October 13, 1945. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1059633943/?match=1&terms=vidkun%20quisling Jewish Doctor Testifies Today at Quisling Trial.” Macon Chronicle-Herald. Aug. 23, 1945. https://www.newspapers.com/image/81226988/?match=1&terms=quisling%20trial “Judge Irked by Quisling During Trial.” The Salem News. Aug. 21, 1945. https://www.newspapers.com/image/84879107/?match=1&terms=quisling%20trial LoBello, Nina. “Mrs. Traitor's House.” The Courier-Journal. July 6, 1965. https://www.newspapers.com/image/109140240/?match=1&terms=quisling “Praise for Quisling Called False History.” Ottowa Citizen. July 10, 1965. https://www.newspapers.com/image/459202980/?match=1&terms=quisling%20trial “Quisling Denies Having Norwegian Leader Murdered.” Belleville Daily Advocate. Aug. 22, 1945. https://www.newspapers.com/image/768360537/?match=1&terms=quisling%20trial “Quisling Grows Hysterical; Letters Tell of Treachery.” The Sentinel of Winston-Salem. August 22, 1945. https://www.newspapers.com/image/933856899/?match=1&terms=quisling%20trial “Quisling Hysterical at Trial for Treason.” Globe-Gazette. Aug, 22, 1945. https://www.newspapers.com/image/391322402/?match=1&terms=quisling%20trial “Quisling Is as Quisling Does.” Winnipeg Tribune. May 14, 1940. https://www.newspapers.com/image/37529988/?match=1&terms=%22Quisling%20is%20as%20Quisling%20Does%22 “Quisling Sobs Denial of Murder Charge.” St. Cloud Times. Aug. 22, 1945. https://www.newspapers.com/image/222063849/ Quisling's Trial Begins; State Charges Treason.” The Dayton Herald. Aug. 20, 1945. https://www.newspapers.com/image/392367670/?match=1&terms=quisling%20trial “Read German Document at Quisling Trial.” The Bee. August 21, 1945. https://www.newspapers.com/image/962372254/?match=1&terms=quisling%20trial Ueland, Brenda. “Brenda Ueland Sees Ruge, Norway's Hero, at Trial of Quisling.” Minneapolis Daily Times. Aug. 29. https://www.newspapers.com/image/813998739/?match=1&terms=quisling%20trial “Vidkun Quisling.” Holocaust Encyclopedia. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/vidkun-quisling-1 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.