Introvets

Lauren and JJ welcome veterinary neurologist Dr. Jill Narak to the podcast to discuss brain-eating and brain-hijacking (zombie!) diseases. Resources: * IMDB entry for The Return of the Living Dead (1985), directed by Dan O'Bannon: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0089907/ * Behavior-altering parasites, Wikipedia, accessed 10/26/24: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavior-alteringparasite * Naegleria fowleri infection, Centers for Disease Control, accessed 10/26/24: https://www.cdc.gov/naegleria/about/index.html * Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, accessed 10/26/24: https://www.cdc.gov/naegleria/about/index.html * Echinococcosis, Centers for Disease Control, accessed 10/26/24: https://www.cdc.gov/naegleria/about/index.html * Siyadatpanah, A., et al. Cerebral cystic echinococcosis (2020). Case reports in infectious diseases. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7066420/ * Heyward, G. The zombie fungus from 'The Last of Us' is real - but not nearly as deadly (2023), NPR, last accessed 10/26/24: https://www.npr.org/2023/01/30/1151868673/the-last-of-us-cordyceps-zombie-fungus-real# * Flegr, J. Effects of _Toxoplasma on human behavior (2007). Schizophrenia bulletin, 33(3): 757-760. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2526142/ * Adebiyi, O. E., et al. Neurocognitive domains and neuropathological changes in experimental infection with Trypanosoma brucei brucei in Wister rats (2021). Heliyon, 7(11). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8571699/ * Alvarado-Esquivel. Toxocara infection in psychiatric inpatients: A case control seroprevalence study (2013). PLoS One, 8(4). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3633879/ * Horsehair worm. The Wildlife Trusts, accessed 10/26/24. https://www.wildlifetrusts.org/wildlife-explorer/marine/worms/horsehair-worm# * Gasque, S. N., et al. Where the baculoviruses lead, the caterpillars follow: baculovirus-induced alterations in caterpillar behavior (2019). Current opinion in insect science, 33: 30-36. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2214574518300841# * Clinical Overview of Rabies, Centers for Disease Control, accessed 10/26/24: https://www.cdc.gov/rabies/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html * Zombie, Wikipedia, accessed 10/26/24: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zombie Special Guest: Jill Narak.

Lauren and JJ wrap up season 4 of the podcast with holiday cheer, a pooptastrophe, and a few heartwarming animal stories.

Lauren and JJ present the 12 days of Christmas, veterinary ER-style! References: (1) Hanson, K. R., et al. (2021). Effect of prazosin on feline recurrent urethral obstruction. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 23(12), 1176-1182. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X211001283 (2) Conway, D. S., et al. (2022). Prazosin administration increases the rate of recurrent urethral obstruction in cats: 388 cases. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 260(S2), S7-S11. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.21.10.0469 (3) Canine parvovirus monoclonal antibody. Elanco. https://my.elanco.com/us/parvovirus Last accessed 12/12/23. (4) Nolen, R. S. (2023). Making sense of the mystery illness found across the US: Experts offer insights into canine infectious respiratory disease complex and other underlying factors. https://www.avma.org/news/making-sense-mystery-illness-found-across-us Last accessed 12/12/23. (5) Crowley, K. (2023). New data shows dog respiratory illness up in Canada, Nevada: Experts say treat it like a human cold. USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2023/12/02/canada-nevada-mysterious-dog-illness/71767353007/ Last accessed 12/12/23. (6) Silva, D. D., et al. (2021). Evaluation of a flash glucose monitoring system in dogs with diabetic ketoacidosis. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 74(1), 106525. (7) Xavier, R. G. C., et al. (2023). Canine pyometra: A short review of current advances. Animals, 13(21), 3310. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13213310 (8) Xavier, R. G. C., et al. (2022). Transmission of Escherichia coli causing pyometra between two female dogs. Microorganisms, 10(2), 2465. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10122465 (9) Duffy, D. L., et al. (2008). Breed differences in canine aggression. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 114(3-4), 441-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2008.04.006 (10) Kelly, R. (2023). Doubts arise over treating dog diarrhea with antibiotics. VIN News Service. www.vin.com Last accessed 12/12/23.

Lauren and JJ answer listener mail: What can managers do to improve morale and staff cohesion without stepping on toes? How can an employee let her boss know that their clinic's dress code policies are outdated and that it's negatively impacting the hiring process?

Lauren and JJ discuss emotional regulation and distress tolerance skills, plus make plans for the holiday episode! Please note that at the time of this recording neither Lauren nor JJ are licensed mental health providers. This podcast is for informational purposes only and does not constitute therapy. If you or someone you know is struggling, reach out to a licensed therapist in your area. Note that dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), a type of therapy referenced in this episode, was developed by Marsha Linehan. Learn more here: https://dbt-lbc.org/ References: (1) Rosenhaft, A. The dialectical behavior therapy skills I still use today. Psychology Today. Posted January 24, 2023. Accessed 11/30/2023. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/from-both-sides-of-the-couch/202301/the-dialectical-behavior-therapy-skills-i-still-use-today (2) Crossfield, A. How to tolerate emotional distress. Psychology Today. Posted March 23, 2020. Accessed 11/30/2023. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/emotionally-healthy-teens/202003/how-tolerate-emotional-distress (3) Moore, M. 4 DBT skills for everyday challenges. PsychCentral. Last updated July 7, 2022. Accessed 11/30/2023. https://psychcentral.com/health/dbt-skills-therapy-techniques (4) Rosenthal, J. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) distress tolerance skills: TIPP [sic] skills. Manhattan Psychology Group. Date of writing/ posting not indicated. Accessed 11/30/2023. https://manhattanpsychologygroup.com/dbt-tipp-skills/ (5) Robinson, B. E. The 90-second rule that builds self-control. Psychology Today. Posted April 26, 2020. Accessed 11/30/2023. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-right-mindset/202004/the-90-second-rule-builds-self-control Resources: (1) Use the Psychology Today therapist finder to locate a DBT practitioner in your area: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/therapists/dialectical-dbt (2) DBTselfhelp.com is a free resource containing a lot of information about distress tolerance and emotional regulation skills: https://dbtselfhelp.com/ (3) Visit the DBT website for free skills information: https://dialecticalbehaviortherapy.com/

Lauren and JJ answer listener mail: When is it appropriate to cry while attending a patient's euthanasia? How can you cope with the uneducated veterinary opinions of friends and family members?

Lauren and JJ investigate a case of vomiting and bloody diarrhea in a dog. This episode includes a detailed review of canine pancreatitis. References: (1) Kirby, R., & Linklater, A. (2016). Monitoring and intervention for the critically ill small animal: The rule of 20. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. DOI:10.1002/9781118923870 (2) Ceva News. (2023). Panoquell-CA1 (fuzapladib sodium for injection) is now available in the U.S. https://www.ceva.us/News-Media/News-Releases-Articles-About-Ceva/PANOQUELL-R-CA1-fuzapladib-sodium-for-injection-is-now-available-in-the-U.S (3) Byers, C. G. (2022). Practical management of acute pancreatitis in dogs. Proceedings from the Fetch DVM360 Conference. (4) Pancreatitis (canine). Veteirnary Information Network. Last updated by Rothrock, K. on June 12, 2020. www.vin.com

Lauren and JJ provide important clinical updates about a new device to aid in pain detection in animal patients and a new medication for feline diabetes mellitus! Resources: (1) Information about the PainTrace multi-species neurobiosignal actionable outcome measure test from the manufacturer: https://paintrace.com/investigators/ (2) Product label for Bexacat (bexagliflozin), a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor: https://www.elancolabels.com/us/bexacat (3) FDA approves first oral treatment for cats with diabetes mellitus. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2022). https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/cvm-updates/fda-approves-first-oral-treatment-cats-diabetes-mellitus (4) Heavyweight podcast: https://gimletmedia.com/shows/heavyweight/episodes (5) The Retrievals podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-retrievals/id1691599042

Lauren and JJ investigate a case of retching and anxiety in a dog patient. This episode includes a review of gastric dilatation and volvulus in the dog. References: (1)Gastric dilatation-volvulus syndrome (canine). Veterinary Information Network. Last upadated 8/4/22 by Rothrock, K. www.vin.com (2) Rudloff, E. (2022). A review of GDV. Proceedings of the Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Spring Symposium.

Lauren and JJ continue the series of Snackisodes on dangerous snacks with an episode about xylitol toxicity in dogs. References: (1) Xylitol toxicosis (canine). Veterinary Information Network. Last updated by Galles, B. in July 2023. www.vin.com

For this year's Howloween Spooktacular, Lauren and JJ discuss premature burial. References: (1) Premature burial. Wikipedia. Accessed 10/1/23. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prematureburial (2) Safety coffin. Wikipedia. Accessed 10/1/23. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safetycoffin (3) Lady with the ring. Wikipedia. Accessed 10/1/23. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladywiththe_Ring

Next in our series of Snackisodes on dangerous snacks is tremorgenic mycotoxicosis! Specific mycotoxins discussed in today's episode include: (1) Penitrem A, which is the most clinically significant tremorgenic mycotoxin in dogs and is produced by Penicillium crustosum (2) Roquefortine C, which is primarily produced by Penicillium roqueforti; note that there is a harmless version of roquefortine C which is used in the production of roquefort cheese (3) Verruculogen, which is associated with spoiled meats References: (1) Tremorgenic mycotoxicosis (canine). VINcyclopedia. Last updated by Galles, B on 10/10/23. www.vin.com (2) Eriksen GS, Bernhoft A, Rundberget T, et al: Poisoning of dogs with tremorgenic Penicillium toxins. Med Mycol 2010 Vol 48 (1) pp. 188-96. (3) Puschner B: Penitrem A and roquefortine. In: Plumlee KH (ed): Clinical Veterinary Toxicology Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2004 pp. 258-59 (4) Hayes AW, Presley DB, Neville JA: Acute toxicity of penitrem A in dogs. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1976 Vol 35 (2) pp. 311-20.

Lauren and JJ investigate a case of a strange facial expression and stiff gait in a dog patient. This episode contains an in-depth review of tetanus. References: (1) Tetanus (Canine). VINcyclopedia. Last updated 9/11/23 by Rothrock, K. www.vin.com (2) Popoff MR. Tetanus in animals. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2020 Mar;32(2):184-191. doi: 10.1177/1040638720906814. (3) Ives, E. (2014). Tetanus in dogs: Clinical signs and management. Vet Times. https://www.vettimes.co.uk

In the latest installment of "Snackisodes on Dangerous Snacks," Lauren and JJ discuss anticoagulant rodenticides. First generation anticoagulants referenced include warfarin, chlorphacinone, coumatetralyl, coumafuryl, diphacinone, fumarin, pindone, and valone. Second generation anticoagulants referenced include brodifacoum, bromadiolone, difethialone, and difenacoum. References: (1) Anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis. VINcyclopedia of Diseases. Last updated by Brister, J. on 6/5/2021. www.vin.com

Lauren and JJ welcome veterinarian Dr. Shelby Agnew back to the podcast to investigate a case of lethargy and difficulty breathing in a Doberman pinscher. This episode includes a review of dilated cardiomyopathy in the dog. References: (1) Dilated cardiomyopathy (canine). VINcyclopedia. Last updated: Galles, B. January 2023. www.vin.com (2) Summerfield, N. J., Boswood, A., O'Grady, M. R., et al. (2012). Efficacy of pimobendan in the prevention of congestive heart failure or sudden death in doberman pinschers with preclinical dilated cardiomyopathy: The PROTECT study. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 26(6), 1337-1349. (3) Wess, G. (2022). Screening for dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Cardiology, 40(1), 51-68. Special Guest: Shelby Agnew.

In the second installment of the Snackisodes on Dangerous Snacks series, Lauren and JJ discuss chocolate toxicity in dogs and cats! References: (1) Gwaltney-Brant, S. M. Chocolate Toxicosis in Animals. Merck Veterinary Manual. Last updated Nov 2022. https://www.merckvetmanual.com/toxicology/food-hazards/chocolate-toxicosis-in-animals (2) Methylxanthine toxicosis (Canine). VINcyclopedia. Last updated May of 2023 by Galles, B. www.vin.com (3) Weingart, C., Hartmann, A., & Kohn, B. Chocolate ingestion in dogs: 156 events (2015-2019). J Small Anim Pract 2021 Vol 62 (11) pp. 979-83.

Lauren and JJ welcome veterinary emergency clinician Dr. Erin Brown to the podcast to discuss emergency medicine and the Accelerate Program at Huntsville Veterinary Specialists and Emergency. Special Guest: Erin Brown.

Lauren and JJ discuss allium toxicity in dogs and cats. References: (1) Fisher, A., & Gwaltney-Brant, S. (2022). Allium (Garlic/Onion) Toxicosis (Canine and Feline Chapters). VINcyclopedia. www.vin.com (2) Cope, R. B. (2005). Toxicology Brief: Allium species Poisoning in Dogs and Cats. DVM 360. https://www.dvm360.com/view/toxicology-brief-allium-species-poisoning-dogs-and-cats

Lauren and JJ welcome licensed psychotherapist Dr. Laurie Fonken back to the podcast to discuss hope and the Veterinary Hope Foundation. Veterinary Hope Foundation: https://veterinaryhope.org/ Special Guest: Laurie Fonken.

Lauren and JJ (belatedly) celebrate the podcast's 100th episode with a Q&A featuring life advice, book recommendations, and zombies.

Lauren and JJ welcome therapist Dana Hampson back to the podcast to talk about setting boundaries and overcoming the fear of disappointing others. References/ Recommendations: (1) Not Nice: Stop People Pleasing, Staying Silent, & Feeling Guilty... And Start Speaking Up, Saying No, Asking Boldly, And Unapologetically Being Yourself by Aziz Gazipura (2) The Gift: 14 Lessons to Save Your Life by Edith Eva Eger (3) Good Inside: A Guide to Becoming the Parent You Want to Be by Becky Kennedy (4) Set Boundaries, Find Peace: A Guide to Reclaiming Yourself by Nedra Glover Tawwab (5) The Better Boundaries Workbook: A CBT-Based Program to Help You Set Limits, Express Your Needs, and Create Healthy Relationships by Sharon Martin Special Guest: Dana Hampson.

Lauren and JJ talk about personal and professional identity, as well as the problem of making work your whole personality.

Lauren and JJ welcome multispecies veterinarian Jennifer Graham to the podcast to talk about exotic and small mammal medicine! Special Guest: Jennifer Graham.

Lauren, JJ, and special guest technician Elena continue to investigate the case of a dog with urate uroliths and elevated bile acids. This is part 2 of a two-part case. For the first part, see Episode 4.4: Please Don't Be High. This episode includes a review of the potential causes of bile acids elevations in the dog, as well as a discussion about portosystemic shunts in the dog. Sources: (1) Konstantinidis, A. O., et al. (2023). Congenital portosystemic shunts in dogs and cats: Classification, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis. Veterinary Sciences, 10(2), 160. DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020160 (2) Williams, K., & Ward, E. Portosystemic shunt in dogs. VCA Animal Hospitals. https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/portosystemic-shunt-in-dogs (3) Nelson, N. C., & Nelson, L. L. (2011). Anatomy of extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in dogs as determined by computed tomography angiography. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound, 52(5), 498-506. DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2011.01827.x (4) Minnesota Urolith Center. Canine urate uroliths. University of Minnesota. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1tlhPTeoK8E6D5UgCjtRr9JQGHbPXNg5u/view (5) Rothrock, K., & Shell, L. (2020). Portosystemic shunt (canine). VINcyclopedia of Diseases. www.vin.com (6) Rothrock, K., & Shell, L. (2022). Urolithiasis, urate (canine). VINcyclopedia of Diseases. www.vin.com (7) Rishniw, M. (2017). Bile acids. VIN Medical FAQs. www.vin.com Special Guest: Elena Graves.

Lauren, JJ, and special guest technician Elena investigate the case of a dog that is straining to urinate. This episode includes a detailed discussion of urate uroliths in the dog. Sources: (1) Rothrock, K., & Shell, L. (2022). Urolithiasis, urate (canine). VINcyclopedia of Diseases. www.vin.com (2) Rishniw, M. (2017). Bile acids. VIN Medical FAQs. www.vin.com Special Guest: Elena Graves.

Lauren and JJ provide clinical updates about the potential zoonotic implications of feeding raw diets, whether dogs dislike white lab coats, and the efficacy of adding dexamethasone to topical chlorhexidine wipe products. Sources: (1) Chan, D. (2023). Risks of feeding raw diets to dogs and considerations for human health. Clinician's Brief. https://www.cliniciansbrief.com/article/risks-raw-diets-dogs-human-health-bacteria (2) Mounsey et al. (2022). Evidence that fecal carriage of resistant Escherichia coli by 16-week-old dogs in the United Kingdom is associated with raw feeding. One Health, 14(1), 100370. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771422000027?via%3Dihub (3) Koch, SN. (2023). Stability of injectable dexamethasone in chlorhexidine wipes and pads. Clinician's Brief. https://www.cliniciansbrief.com/article/dexamethasone-injectable-chlorhexidine-allergies-wipes-pads (4) Bancroft, S., et al. (2022). Stability of dexamethasone sodium phosphate over a 28 day period when added to commercial veterinary wipe and pad products. Veterinary Dermatology, 33(6), 498-502. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/vde.13108 (5) Fanucchi, L. & Norton, S. (2022). Dogs' preference for white coat versus no white coat when offered a food reward in the exam room. Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research, 7(1), 000219. https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJVSR/dogs-preference-for-white-coat-versus-no-white-coat-when-offered-a-food-reward-in-the-exam-room.pdf

Lauren and JJ investigate the cause of neurologic signs in a dog. This episode includes a review of the management of bromethalin ingestion, as well as a review of the management of hypernatremia caused by activated charcoal administration. Sources: (1) Ball, A. (2014). Managing hypernatremia after activated charcoal administration. Veterinary Medicine, 109(4), 126-130. (2) Brister, J., Gwaltney-Brant, S., & Dekker, M. (2021). Bromethalin toxicosis (canine). VINcyclopedia of Diseases. www.vin.com (3) Brister, J., Gwaltney-Brant, S., & Dekker, M. (2021). Anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis (canine). VINcyclopedia of Diseases. www.vin.com (4) Rothrock, K., & Shell, L. (2021). Hypernatremia (canine). VINcyclopedia of Diseases. www.vin.com (5) Veterinary Information Network (2017). Charcoal, activated. VIN Veterinary Drug Handbook. www.vin.com

Lauren and JJ answer a letter from the mailbag: Should no-show fees be charged to clients who miss appointments?

Lauren and JJ investigate a case of swelling, pain, and skin sores in a puppy. This episode includes a detailed discussion of juvenile cellulitis in puppies. Sources: (1) Rothrock, K., Short, J., Shell, L. G., & Evans, A. G. (2019). Juvenile cellulitis (canine). VINcyclopedia. www.vin.com NOTE: This online doucment was updated on 6/12/23, after recording of this episode but before release of the episode. (2) Rosenkrantz, W. (2022). Canine pediatric dermatology. Proceedings of the 2022 Pacific Veterinary Conference. (3) Banovic, F. (2020). Dermatologic emergencies: What's that? Proceedings of the 2020 Western Veterinary Conference.

Lauren and JJ discuss a new monoclonal antibody treatment for parvoviral enteritis, review a case of bat-transmitted rabies in a human child, and share their favorite things of the week. Sources: * Seymour KG. Elanco announces first-ever canine parvovirus treatment. AAHA NEWStat. May 5, 2023. https://www.aaha.org/publications/newstat/articles/2023-5/elanco-announces-first-ever-canine-parvovirus-treatment/#:~:text=What%20to%20know%20about%20CPMA,weeks%20old%20who%20test%20positive * Elanco announces breakthrough treatment for deadly canine parvovirus. Elanco. May 2, 2023. https://www.elanco.com/en-us/insights/elanco-announces-breakthrough-treatment-for-deadly-canine-parvovirus * Blackburn D, Minhaj FS, Al Hammoud R, et al. Human Rabies — Texas, 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022;71:1547–1549. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7149a2 * Hein I. CDC detais rabies death after boy goes untreated following bat bite. Medpage Today. December 9, 2022. https://www.medpagetoday.com/infectiousdisease/generalinfectiousdisease/102181

Lauren and JJ are back with a case to kick off season 4 of the podcast! What is causing weakness, decreased appetite, and weight loss in this canine patient? The episode includes a review of the diagnosis and management of hypoadrenocorticism in the dog, as well as important information about accurate diagnosis in patients who have already received steroids. Special thanks to Ellen Behrend, VMD, PhD, DACVIM for agreeing to be featured on this episode! Sources: (1) Behrend, E., Rothrock, K., & Shell, L. (2022). Hypoadrenocorticism (canine). VINcyclopedia. www.vin.com (2) Lobetti, R., Lindquist, E., Frank, J., Casey, D., Marek, K., & Timon, T. (2016). Retrospective study of adrenal gland ultrasonography in dogs with normal and abnormal ACTH stimulation test. Journal of Veterinary Clinical Practice and Petcare, 1(1), 1-6. (3) Wenger, M., Mueller, C., Kook, P. H., & Reusch, C. E. (2010). Ultrasonographic evaluation of adrenal glands in dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism or mimicking diseases. Veterinary Record, 167(1), 207-210. Special Guest: Ellen Behrend.

Lauren and JJ are working hard on season 4 of the podcast and expect new episodes to be released in June 2023! If you have stories, questions, or cases for the podcast, please send them to introvetspodcast@gmail.com. Catch up with us on Facebook, Instagram, or Tiktok @introvets.

Lauren and JJ explore the myth - the legend - the werewolf! References: 1. Cowie A: Germany's brutal werewolf belt and the gut-wrenching execution of Peter Stumpp. Ancient Origins, 2021. https://www.ancient-origins.net/history/german-werewolf-009397 2. Peter Stumpp. Wikipedia, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PeterStumpp 3. Werewolf. Wikipedia, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werewolf 4. Blecourt WD: Monstrous theories. Preternature: Clinical and Historical Studies on the Preternatural, 2013; 2(2): 188-215. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/preternature.2.2.0188 5. Clinical lycanthorpy. Wikipedia, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinicallycanthropy

Lauren and JJ welcome Dr. Katie Krothapalli to the podcast to talk about non-clinical veterinary roles, the importance of remaining flexible, healthy risk-taking, and how to find a better fit professionally. Special Guest: Katie Krothapalli .

Lauren and JJ investigate a cluster of odd symptoms in a dog, including lameness, lethargy, vomiting, and seizures. This episode includes a review of hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism. References: 1. Rothrock K, Shell L: Hypocalcemia (Canine). VINcyclopedia, 2017. www.vin.com 2. Rothrock K, Wasik B, Shell L: Hypoparathyroidism (Canine). VINcyclopedia, 2021. www.vin.com 3. Harper JA, Burchell RK: Comparison, accuracy, and precision of cage-side and reference laboratory analyzers: Ionized calcium. European Veterinary Internal Medicine Companion Animal Congress Proceedings, 2020. 4. Nowers T: Parathyroid disorders in dogs and cats. American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Conference Proceedings, 2017. 5. Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC: Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 6th Edition, 2004. 6. Galvao DB, et al.: Treatment of hypoparathyroidism. Kirk's Current Veteirnary Therapy XV, 2014.

Lauren and JJ welcome Emergency Critical Care Specialist Dr. Sam Stewart to the podcast to discuss a currently ongoing clinical trial for hemoabdomen due to splenic tumors in canine patients. Visit the Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine's information page about the study: https://www.vetmed.auburn.edu/research/clinical-trials/canine-hemangiosarcoma/ Download a flyer about the clinical trial from Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine: https://www.vetmed.auburn.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/ETHOS-Clinical-Trial-Flyer19.pdf Read about the Ethos-PUSH study, including the full list of participating hospitals, at the Ethos Veterinary Health site: https://www.ethosvet.com/clinical-study/ethos-precision-medicine-umbrella-study-for-hemangiosarcoma-epush/ Special Guest: Sam Stewart.

Lauren and JJ welcome Licensed Veterinary Technician Elena Graves back to the podcast to discuss a case of epistaxis in a dog. This episode includes an in-depth discussion of nasal aspergillosis. References: 1. Hillsman S, Tolbrert KM: Differential diagnosis: Epistaxis. Clinician's Brief. August 2018. https://www.cliniciansbrief.com/article/differential-diagnosis-epistaxis 2. Robinson NG: Yunnan baiyao: Facts & myths. Clinician's Brief. January 2016. https://www.cliniciansbrief.com/article/yunnan-baiyao-facts-myths 3. Brister J, Morgan RV: Aspergillosis/ penicillosis, nasal (canine). VINcyclopedia of Diseases. June 2019. www.vin.com 4. Sharp NJH, Harvey, CE, Sullivan M: Canine Nasal Aspergillosis and Penicilliosis . Compend Contin Educ Vet 1991 Vol 13 (1) pp. 41-49. 5. Vangrinsven E, Duprez JN, Taminiau B, et al.: Comparison of culture-dependent and -independent methods on nasal swabs in dogs with nasal discharge. European College of Veterinary Internal Medicine - Companion Animal Online Congress 2021. 6. Stepaniuk KS, Gingerich W: Suspect odontogenic infection etiology for canine lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis. Journal of Veterinary Dentistry 2015; 32(1): 22-29. DOI: 10.1177/089875641503200103 7. Biénès T, Vangrinsven E, Fastrès A, et al.: Utility of fungal polymerase chain reaction on nasal swab samples in the diagnosis and monitoring of sinonasal aspergillosis in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2022; 36(4): 1295-1302. DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16441 Special Guest: Elena Graves.

Lauren and JJ discuss important clinical updates including canine outcomes in high-rise syndrome, a recently published case series about tartaric acid toxicity in dogs and its link to grape and raisin toxicity, and a new clinical trial for hemoabdomen patients at Auburn University's College of Veterinary Medicine.

Lauren and JJ welcome psychotherapist Dr. Laurie Fonken back to the podcast to discuss resiliency, post-traumatic growth, and the Veterinary Hope Foundation. Veterinary Hope Foundation: https://veterinaryhope.org/ Special Guest: Laurie Fonken.

Lauren and JJ welcome relief veterinarian Dr. Shelby Agnew back to the podcast to discuss workplace red flags. Special Guest: Shelby Agnew.

Lauren and JJ discuss the treatment of high-rise syndrome - falls of more than two stories - in cats, including some amazing survival stores about falls over twenty stories! References: 1. Buriko Y: High-rise syndrome. International Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Symposium 2018 Proceedings. 2. Whitney W, Mehlhaff C: High-rise syndrome in cats. Journal of the American Veteirnary Medical Association, 1987; 191(11): 1399-1403. 3. Gordon L, Thacher C, Kapatkin A: High-rise syndrome in dogs: 81 cases (1985-1991). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 1993; 202(1): 118-122. 4. Vnuk D. Feline high-rise syndrome: 119 cases (1998–2001). J Feline Med Surg. 2004;6(5):305–312. 5. Papazoglou LG, Galatos AD, Patsikas MN, et al.: High-rise syndrome in cats: 207 cases (1988-1998). Australian Veterinary Practitioner, 2001; 31(3): 98-102.

In Snackisode 3.11, Lauren and JJ answer a "what would you do?" question from the mail bag: When a veterinarian and a technician disagree about patient care, what should be done?

Lauren and JJ welcome feline specialist Dr. Michelle Gaspar back to the podcast to talk about feline GI disease and the latest vaccination recommendations from AAFP and AAHA. 2020 AAHA/ AAFP Feline Vaccination Guidelines: https://www.aaha.org/globalassets/02-guidelines/feline-vaccination-guidlines/resource-center/2020-aahaa-afp-feline-vaccination-guidelines.pdf Special Guest: Michelle Gaspar.

Lauren and JJ discuss the importance of addressing retained deciduous teeth right away, tests for marijuana toxicity in dogs, the discovery of new anatomic brain pathways in the dog, emerging veterinary specialties, and a study on the efficacy transdermal gabapentin in cats. References: (1) Fitzgerald et al. (2021). Detecting and quantifying marijuana metabolites in serum and urine of 19 dogs affected by marijuana toxicity. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 33(5), 1002-1007. https://experts.illinois.edu/en/publications/detecting-and-quantifying-marijuana-metabolites-in-serum-and-urin (2) Cornell University. (2022). Study finds new links between dogs' smell and vision. Phys.org. https://phys.org/news/2022-07-links-dogs-vision.html?utmsource=nwletter&utmmedium=email&utmcampaign=daily-nwletter (3) Erica F. Andrews et al. (2022). Extensive connections of the canine olfactory pathway revealed by tractography and dissection. _The Journal of Neuroscience _. DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2355-21.2022 (4) Fiala, J. (2022). Nephrology-urology recognized as new veterinary specialty. _VIN News Service. https://news.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=210&Id=10935586 (5) Fiala, J. (2022). Should education become a veterinary specialty? VIN News Service. https://news.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=210&Id=10741751 (6) Slovak, J. E. & Costa. A. P. (2021). A pilot study of transdermal gabapentin in cats. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 35(1), 1981-1987.

Lauren and JJ welcome veterinarian and therapist Dr. Michelle Gaspar to the podcast to talk about her unique career journey and the barriers to wellness within the profession. Special Guest: Michelle Gaspar.

Is the promotion of self-care in veterinary medicine a scam? In Snackisode 3.9, Lauren and JJ answer this question and discuss the process of creating and maintaining healthy work boundaries.

Lauren and JJ welcome boarded dermatology specialist Dr. Chris Reeder to the podcast to discuss veterinary dermatology! Special Guest: Chris Reeder.

In Snackisode 3.8, Lauren and JJ discuss the importance of ear protection, brachycephalic breed bans, the heartwarming story of a dog reunited with its owner at a Dollar General in Florida, and National Wildlife Federation's Certified Wildlife Habitat program. References: (1) Kelly, R. (2021). Calls for bans on breeding short-nosed dogs gain momentum. VIN News Service. https://news.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=210&Id=10411832 (2) Taylor, C. (2022). Watch this Florida dog wander into Dollar General, browse the aisles until reunited with his human. Daily Paws. https://www.dailypaws.com/pet-news-entertainment/feel-good-stories/florida-dog-wanders-into-dollar-general (3) National Wildlife Federation Certified Wildlife Habitat informaton: https://www.nwf.org/certifiedwildlifehabitat

In Episode 3.9, Lauren and JJ investigate a case of dyspnea in a cat patient. This episode includes a complete review of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the cat. References: (1) Lake-Bakaar, G. & Kittleson, M. D. (2017). Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic (feline). VINcyclopedia. www.vin.com (2) Stern, J. (2019). Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and co-managing hypertension or hyperthyroidism. American Association of Feline Practitioners Conference Proceedings. (3) Kittleson, M. D. (2021). The feline cardiomyopathies: 2. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 23(11), pp 1028-1051. (4) Pereira, Y. M. (2018). Approach to the dyspnoeic cat. British Small Animal Veterinary Conference Proceedings. (5) Rothrock, K. & Shell, L. (2021). Pulmonary edema (feline). VINcyclopedia. www.vin.com (6) Rishniw, M. (2017). Feline heart size and hypertrophy. VIN Medical FAQs. www.vin.com (7) Lisciandro, G. R. (2015). Lung ultrasound in small animals: The vet blue. American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Conference Proceedings. (8) Brister, J. (2018). Heart failure, left-sided (feline). VINcyclopedia. www.vin.com (9) Rishniw, M. (2017). Furosemide trial. VIN Medical FAQs. www.vin.com (10) Rishniw, M. (2017). Feline murmurs and gallop sounds: A quick primer. VIN Medical FAQs. www.vin.com (11) Campbell, F. E. (2013). Cardiac disease and examination. World Small Animal Veterinary Association World Congress Proceedings.

Lauren and JJ welcome clinical pathology resident Dr. Sarah Laroche back to the podcast to discuss common misconceptions about veterinary practice and being a new veterinarian. Special Guest: Sarah Laroche.

In episode 3.7, Lauren and JJ welcome clinical pathology resident Dr. Sarah Laroche to the podcast to discuss the case of an icteric cat, a dog's run-in with a rabbit, and veterinary school struggles.