Podcasts about frontier wars

For this special episode of Race Matters, we are joined by Boe Spearim from Frontier War Stories, Gamilaraay and Kooma activisit and Dad who has been archiving so called Australiaʼs first wars since 2020. Frontier War Stories is a podcast that details across the continent, the wars waged by the colonising British, the massacres and horific dehumanisation that was used as a strategy of genocide by the settling empire and the profoundly dedicated resistance held by Aboriginal warriors. Joined by King, a Ghanian/Wiradjuri creative and newest member of the RM team, these episode dives deeper into the lore of Pemuwluy and Dundali. Pemulwuy, being the first resistance fighter against the colony, organising and leading mob to retaliate against the genocidal regime. Dundali, being the last publicly hung warrior, a symbol of the colonisers to others considering resistance. Over a weekend that memorialises one version of history that seemingly erases the Truth about what happened on this land, this episode reminds us of the ways colonising nation states utilise propaganda and dehumanise resistance. With a special thanks to Clothing the Gap for sponsoring this episode. We are so grateful to be joined by Boe as we attempt to subvert the revisionist history of so called Australia. Audio including sound bites of Malabar Beach, Parramatta and Magandjin CBD Marcia Langton on Pemulwuy for the ABCUncle Coco at the 2020 Dundali Remembrance Day in MagandjinPray by DRMNGNOWSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

How do we teach the Frontier Wars with honesty, care, and confidence?You'll hear from filmmaker Rachel Perkins, leading academic and advocate Professor Marcia Langton, Culture is Life CEO Belinda Duarte, senior secondary history teacher Bill Lewis, and Professor Melitta Hogarth of Ngarrngga at Melbourne University.Together they dig into the questions many teachers are sitting with:What does truth-telling actually look like in practice?How do we teach histories of colonial violence with care?How can non-Indigenous teachers approach this work without fear of getting it wrong?We're sharing a recording generously provided by Culture is Life and Ngarrngga, two organisations working at the intersection of First Nations knowledge, education, and advocacy.Culture is Life is an Aboriginal-led not-for-profit amplifying the voices of First Nations young people and championing education as a pathway to justice and truth-telling.Ngarrngga is committed to ensuring all educators have access to Indigenous knowledge systems and the tools to embed them meaningfully in their teaching. Both organisations produce practical, curriculum-aligned resources to support teachers in this work.ResourcesThe Australian Wars websiteWatch The Australian Wars on SBS on DemandSBS Learn Understanding the Frontier Wars: clips with discussion questions and other classroom resourcesThe Australian Wars book by Rachel Perkins, Stephen Gapps, Mina Murray and Henry ReynoldsNgarrngga: free, high-quality curriculum resources and professional development modules, spanning all subject areas from Foundation to 10. A collaboration between the Faculty of Education, Indigenous Studies Unit and Indigenous Knowledge Institute at the University of MelbourneCulture is Life: Free resources including The Australian Wars, Welcome to Country, First weapons, Stolen Generations, and The Australian Dream with Adam Goodes.Watch a video of the original panel https://www.ngarrngga.org/stories-news/teaching-the-australian-wars-panelVoicesPanellists: Rachel Perkins, Arrernte/Kalkadoon (The Australian Wars filmmaker); Marcia Langton, Yiman/Bidjara (academic and cultural leader); Belinda Duarte, Wotjobaluk/Dja Dja Wurrung (CEO, Culture is Life); Bill Lewis (History Teacher, Haileybury College); and Professor Melitta Hogarth, Kamilaroi (Director, Ngarrngga, The University of Melbourne).Episode host: Professor Anna ClarkCreditsHey History Teacher! is supported by the History Teachers Association of NSW.Executive Producer is Professor Anna Clark.Producer is Jane Curtis at UTS Impact Studios.Sound engineering by John Jacobs.Made on Gadigal Country in Sydney Australia.

Welcome to the Monday Breakfast show!  Todays show:Segments:- A conversation with fire behaviour scientist Phil Zylstra. Two weeks ago Zylstra was a signatory among other scientists and researchers with GECO, Goongerah Environment Centre, calling to stop Planned burns in the Snowy River National Park. We chat about the impacts of Vic Forest Fire Management's prescribed burns on wet forests and the consequences they will have in the future. - Over the weekend many people across this continent gathered to commemorate the ANZACs' involvement in World War One. Research published by the War Studies Group at the University of NSW Canberra last year shows that while 90% of people believe in the importance of ANZAC Day, yet just over half of people on this continent actually engage in ANZAC Day Services. We are now going to play an excerpt from the People's History of Australia podcast in which host Christian speaks with Robert Bollard, author of 'In The Shadow Of Gallipoli' about how the ANZAC myth is perpetuated, and the state's attempts to paint the antiwar movement as unpatriotic as a means of justifying repression. You can listen to the rest of the episode and more from the Peoples History of Australia at peopleshistory.com.auhttp://www.peopleshistory.com.au/episode-5-the-hidden-history-of-australia-in-world-war-i/ - We were joined by Boe Spearim, host of the incredibly important podcast 'Frontier War Stories'. Boe will be speaking with us about the Frontier Wars, which are also commemorated on April 25th. You can listen to Boe's podcast here: https://www.podbean.com/podcast-detail/grdds-2817f9/Frontier-War-Stories-Podcast  - Conversation with Libby Jamieson about her show here at 3cr called Dykes on Mics that started in the mid 90s. We spoke about her experiences being an out and proud lesbian in the 90s, what's changed today and the importance of ensuring lesbian spaces are trans inclusive.  Music: Way Back Home by Bridie King Ring of Past by Men I Trust 

Nearly half of Australian teachers say they don't feel confident to teach First Nations history, according to research.Historian and educator Associate Professor Al Fricker explains why so many teachers feel underprepared — and why it's not a personal failing. He offers some straightforward first steps, including where to find good resources and how to start building real connections with your local First Nations community.How can you embed First Nations perspectives and knowledge in your curriculum?And what are some ways to embed them across your whole school?You'll also hear from teachers around Australia sharing what's worked in their classrooms and schools: using the AIATSIS languages map, teaching the Frontier Wars through local history, trying the Eight Ways Pedagogy, and building a curriculum map so Aboriginal perspectives aren't left to chance.Resources and tipsheetAssociate Professor Al Fricker's recommended resources made by or with First Nations peopleNgarrngga: free, high-quality curriculum resources and professional development modules, spanning all subject areas from Foundation to 10. A collaboration between the Faculty of Education, Indigenous Studies Unit and Indigenous Knowledge Institute at the University of Melbourne.Australians Together: free curriculum resources, covering key learning areas from Foundation to Year 10. A non-profit organisation developing resources with First Nations Educators.Matilda Education: progressive, research-based, differentiated print and digital content for your classroom - content that matches the latest Australian curricula.Indigenous Education in Australia Learning and Teaching for Deadly Futures: an essential, practical resource for pre- and in-service educators on creating contexts for success for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students. Based on the latest research and practice, this book provides an in-depth understanding of the colonised context within which education in Australia is located, with an emphasis on effective strategies for the classroom.Other resources and linksAIATIS Map of Indigenous AustraliaAIATIS free teaching resources and learning sequences including First FightersAIATSIS Guide to evaluating and selecting education resourcesYabun Survival Day SydneyColonial Frontier Massacre Map: Colonial Frontier Massacres, Australia, 1788 to 1930 and Introduction to the map by the University of Newcastle, AustraliaYeddonba Aboriginal Cultural Site: features an Aboriginal red-ochre painting, which is believed to be of a Tasmanian tiger (thylacine), supporting the belief that the animal once inhabited the mainland. The site is 20 minutes from Beechworth, NSW.8 Ways framework: a NSW Department of Education initiativeTipsheetFree professional development tipsheet for this episode (in Teacher Downloads)ResearchThe Monash Australian Teachers Survey 2023 reported teachers' views of how well their Initial Teacher Education program prepared them to teach the Australian Curriculum's priority areas (referring to Student Diversity, and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Histories and Culture) were relatively divided, with 54% feeling prepared, and 45% saying they are unprepared.Burns, E.C., Plummer, L., Vass, G. et al. Which resources support teachers to embed Indigenous perspectives? A convergent mixed methods analysis. Aust. Educ. Res.53, 26 (2026). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-025-00944-zRoyal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody 1991: National Report Volume 5, Recommendations for Educating the FutureVoicesEducators: Associate Professor Al Fricker (Victoria), and from New South Wales: Sarah Kearney, Martin Douglas, Jade Carr, Nik Armstrong, Uncle Terry Lennis and Ruth Bradfield-Ling.Host: Professor Anna ClarkCreditsHey History Teacher! is supported by the History Teachers Association of NSW.Executive Producer is Professor Anna Clark.Producer is Jane Curtis at UTS Impact Studios.Sound engineering by John Jacobs.Made on Gadigal Country in Sydney Australia.

Clement Manyathela speaks to Zolani Mkiva, who is the Chief executive officer of the Xhosa royal council and secretary general of CONTRALESA to better understand the Cape frontier wars and how they shaped history for Xhosa people. The Clement Manyathela Show is broadcast on 702, a Johannesburg based talk radio station, weekdays from 09:00 to 12:00 (SA Time). Clement Manyathela starts his show each weekday on 702 at 9 am taking your calls and voice notes on his Open Line. In the second hour of his show, he unpacks, explains, and makes sense of the news of the day. Clement has several features in his third hour from 11 am that provide you with information to help and guide you through your daily life. As your morning friend, he tackles the serious as well as the light-hearted, on your behalf. Thank you for listening to a podcast from The Clement Manyathela Show. Listen live on Primedia+ weekdays from 09:00 and 12:00 (SA Time) to The Clement Manyathela Show broadcast on 702 https://buff.ly/gk3y0Kj For more from the show go to https://buff.ly/XijPLtJ or find all the catch-up podcasts here https://buff.ly/p0gWuPE Subscribe to the 702 Daily and Weekly Newsletters https://buff.ly/v5mfetc Follow us on social media: 702 on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/TalkRadio702 702 on TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@talkradio702 702 on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/talkradio702/ 702 on X: https://x.com/Radio702 702 on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@radio702 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Headlines:Domestic Violence Drives Surge in Homelessness in Victoria, New Data by homelessness victoria Return to Gaza City, and violence in the West Bank Segments:-The global Land Back movement is a collective and deeply rooted effort by Indigenous communities to reclaim ancestral lands that were taken through colonization, forced removal, and broken treaties. Far beyond a call for restitution, Land Back is about restoring sovereignty, cultural revitalization, and environmental stewardship. It is a continuous and evolving struggle to reassert Indigenous rights and reaffirm the sacred, reciprocal relationship between people and the land—a relationship that has sustained ecosystems for millennia.- Interview from Indigenous Rights Radio, with Dev Kumar Sunuwar interviewing Joseph Lee, a member of the Aquinnah Wampanoag Nation, the traditional owners of Massacheusets in the US go to rights.culturalsurvival.org/en to listen to more - Segment from the Yillamin show here at 3cr, yillamin host Keiran Stewart-Assheton shares analysis on the frameworks of liberalism, explains why liberalism is the foundation of the colonial system, and provides examples of how liberal ideology manifests both politically and socially throughout daily life in so-called Australia. To hear the rest of that episode and more of the Yillamin show go to 3cr.org.au/yillamin or tune in on Wednesdays from 12-1pm.  - Excerpt from the Queer Histories, Queer Futures Podcast, a 3CR series made in collaboration with Merri Bek Council telling the area's queer history by the people who made it. This segment focuses on complex histories of trauma and resistance relating to queer criminalisation with excerpts from speakers Emma Russell and Tex McKenzie providing history and firsthand accounts of how queer communities have been targeted by police in the colonial state.  Listen to more episodes of the Queer Histories Queer Futures series at 3cr.org.au/queerhistoriesqueerfuture - Excerpt from an interview by Marrissa from the Doin Time show here at 3cr, she speaks to Boe Spearim, First Nations activist and podcaster about the Frontier Wars, police powers and Aboriginal deaths in custody. Go to 3cr.org.au/dointime and you can tune into Doin Time on Mondays at 4-5pm at 855 on the dial, or at 3cr on the Community Plus Radio App  - Following this Friday's announcement of the 2025 Nobel Peace Prize, there has been widespread comment and celebration of US President Trump not winning the award.... But, have we heard this much about the winner's own politics or history? A this years award was given to a woman by the name of Maria Corrina Machado...who has joined previous Nobel Peace Prize winners Henry Kissinger and Barack Obama in the hall of fame.We will now feature excerpts from three reports From Tuesday Hometime on the 2024 presidential elections in Venezuela, and Machado's role in relation to U.S. interests in the country...Broadcast in August and October last year, we will now hear from three subject-matter experts:- Dr Sasha Gillies-Lekakis,- Dr Tim Anderson, &- Coral Wynterwith their analyses and first-hand accounts of the elections.Coral Winter on Tuesday Hometime 29 October 2024: www.3cr.org.au/hometime-tuesday/episode/icc-icj-cases-attempted-genocide-gaza-turning-despair-hope-aftermath Sasha Gillies-Lekakis on Tuesday Hometime 27 August 2024: https://www.3cr.org.au/hometime-tuesday/episode/jewish-activism-palestine-pacific-islands-forum-2024-tonga-push-deep-sea Dr Tim Anderson on Tuesday hometime 13 August 2024: https://www.3cr.org.au/hometime-tuesday/episode/right-wing-thuggery-zionist-lobby-interim-head-bangladesh-venezuela   Music: - Break It Down by Tjaka 

Warning that this epispode of Doin' Time contains audio images of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who have died, and graphic discussion of deaths in custody.On today's show Marisa speaks with David Mejia-Canales, Senior Lawyer at the Human Rights Law Centre about protest laws.Following that Brett Collins from Justice Action joined the show to speak about youth justice and the work of Justice Action in prisons. The show ends with a conversation with Boe Spearim, First Nations activist and podcaster about the Frontier Wars, police powers and Aboriginal deaths in custody.

For some years, there have been suggestions that in the 1860s Tom Wills, Australia's first sports hero and the founder of the AFL, may have taken part in the massacres of Gayiri people in Central Queensland. Now, in a Guardian Australia investigation, Indigenous Affairs reporter Ella Archibald-Binge travels in search of the truth behind the allegations. In this two part special Full Story, she and Lorena Allam from UTS's Jumbunna Institute discuss how families on both sides of the conflict are reckoning with the truth of their ancestors' colonial past Warning: This episode contains historical records that use racist and offensive language, and descriptions of events that will be distressing to some.

I have to say a big thank you to Adi and Janice who hosted me at their farm Kalmoesfontein this week as part of the Swartland Revolution events they're running— I was invited to give a little talk about Jan Smuts of the Swartland and relished the opportunity to delve deeply into a Great South African's early life. And to the folks that came to ask questions and be part of the event, thank you too for such a warn reception. We're going to deal with two main topics in the years 1871 leading into 1872 - One was the installation of Sir John Molteno as the First Prime Minister of the Cape of Good Hope which marked the start of responsible government in the territory. But the other really big event of 1872 was the death of Zulu king Mpande kaSenzangakhona, leaving the way open for Cetshwayo kaMpande to seize the reins of power. It wasn't going to be that simple of course. Let's have a quick squizz at what was going on globally in 1871. The Franco-Prussian war ended, leading to the Proclamation the German Empire in January. The North German federation and South German States were united in a single nation state and the King of Prussia was declared as the German Emperor Wilhem the first. Germany officially came into being for the first time. Otto von Bismarck would soon become the First Chancellor of the German Empire. In French Algeria, the Mokrani Rebellion against colonial rule broke out in March 71, in March the Paris Commune was formally established in France. The Commune governed Paris for two months, promoting an anti-religious system, an eclectic mix of many 19th-century schools of thought. Policies included the separation of church and state, the reduction of rent and the abolition of child labor. The Commune closed all Catholic churches and schools in Paris and a mix of reformism and revolutionism took hold — a hodge podge of folks who pushed back against the French establishment. By late May 71 the commune had been crushed in the semaine sanglante, the Bloody Week, where at least 15 000 communards were executed by loyalist troops. More than 43 000 communards were imprisoned. The Paris Commune left an indelible mark on Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels — two men who, in turn, would go on to cast a long, indirect shadow over the course of world history. In June 1871, the United States launched an assault on the Han River forts in Korea, hoping to pry open Korean markets for American trade. Washington wasn't bothering with tariffs that year — gunboats were quicker. Charles Babbage died on boxing Day, 26 December 1871. A man of many labels—mathematician, philosopher, inventor, mechanical engineer—but one overriding legacy: he imagined the computer before electricity even entered the equation. Babbage's difference engine was the first mechanical attempt to automate calculation - it was his analytical engine that quietly cracked open the future. It carried, in brass and gears, the essential ideas of the modern digital computer—logic, memory, and even programmability. His inspiration? The Jacquard loom, which used punched cards to weave patterns into silk. Babbage observed this and thought: if a loom could follow instructions to weave flowers, why not numbers? Hidden in that question was the dawn of the information age—and even the first glimmer of a printer. The popular movement towards responsible government had arisen in the early 1860s, led by John Molteno - and in a future podcast I will spend more time on his life - a fascinating character who was the first South Africa to attempt to export fruit. He married a coloured woman called Maria in 1841 but catastrophe struck when she and their young son died in childbirth and stricken by grief, he joined a Boer Commando fighting in one of the early Frontier Wars. So it was then that on 22nd October 1872 Cetshwayo summoned all the indunas and izikhulu to kwaNondwengu to announce that King Mpande had died.

Colonial pastoralist Major Logue is a figure of note in the city of Geraldton, Western Australia. But his diaries, written partly in code, reveal a dark and confronting chapter of Australia's past – a history that Yamatji people already know all too well. Descendants of some perpetrator families are now challenging what they call ‘colonial silence'. For them, truth-telling is real, personal and local. There are no guidelines or rulebooks, and it can lead to denial and indifference – but it can also be a liberation. In this two-part special Full Story, Guardian Australia's Indigenous affairs reporter Sarah Collard and Lorena Allam from UTS's Jumbunna Institute discuss decoding the truth behind Logue's diaries, and how descendants of colonial violence are coming together to heal from the horrors of the past Warning: This episode contains historical records that use racist and offensive language, and descriptions of events that will be distressing to some

Every year, hundreds gather to mark the Myall Creek massacre in New South Wales. Once a no-go zone, today a memorial stands at the site as a tribute to the group of 28 unarmed Aboriginal people killed by a gang of stockmen on 10 June 1838. It was one of 438 sites where the mass killing of Aboriginal Australians took place during the period called the Frontier Wars, between 1788 and 1930. The event was also the first – and only – time European settlers were successfully prosecuted for the mass murder of Aboriginal people. For Keith Munro, a descendant of the survivors, the annual gathering is a major truth-telling project brought to life by the local community - both Indigenous and non-Indigenous. Biwa Kwan spoke with Keith Munro about the significance of this year's commemoration.

We highlight the history of Indigenous involvement in wartime conflict.

Voices 4 Palestine here II Sydney rally 18th January – recorded by Vivian LangfordDr Mehreen Faruqui speaks about keeping up the fight and the Greens Commitment to fighting the government on this issue.Myall Creek Massacre revisited here II Peter Stephenson, a descendant of one of the free settlers responsible for the murder of indigenous people at Myall Creek in 1838 talks at the Reclaim the Radical Spirit of Eureka event in 2024Tunneminnerwait & Maulboyheener Day here II Janet Golphin gives the welcome to country at the first memorial of the Frontier Wars that honours the memory of two freedom fighters.Save Lee Point here II A representative of Larrakia People talks at a Naarm rally to raise awareness of Defence Housing Australia's intention to sell off Larrakia land at Lee Point near Darwin to foreign buyers as beach houses - a continuation of dispossession for private commercial interests.The CFMEU Administration Problem here II Emily Foley, vice president of the NTEU La Trobe branch spoke in London at an IWW meeting entitled Union Busting Down Under What the CFMEU Administration Means for Workers' Right in December 2024. 

his is episode 206 - all fire and brimbstone, a horror show. The squeamish should gird their loins, prepare the poultices, polish your monocles and tighten your bootstraps, grab your smelling salts Roll up your sleeves and fetch the brandy, brace for impact. It's an episode that will begin a series of episodes which are clouded by a fine bloody mist, and a fog of confusion. We're going to look at the amaXhosa Cattle Killings of 1856-57 and then the Zulu's most bloody civil war clash, the Battle of Ndondukasuka. One was a millenarian movement gone hopelessly wrong, the other was the old story of a young prince seizing power from the heir apparent. Both epics are an exploration of human consciousness and both changed South African history. Cetshway kaMpande of the amaZulu was amassing great power under the very nose of his dad, King Mpande. Hold on, Before we head off to Zululand in forthcoming episodes, we're going to peruse southern Transkei. Alongside a magical river called the Gxarha. The little river is about 20 kilometers long, a tiny snakes' tail, a meandering whispering essence, slithering through deep ravines and splashing in splended mini-waterfalls. This is a case of dynamite in small packages because the river harboured dark secrets. It was to bare witness to a catastrophe. The twists and turns of this saga are echoed in the twists and turns of the river, it's a squiggle of a sprint for those tiny twenty kilometers. Cliffs and thick forest, more a jungle, make it impossible to walk along its bank for very far, and giant shadows are cast at dusk and dawn from the strelitzia and the reeds. A sand bar blocks its final sprint to the sea which bursts open in summer, a blend of bush, cliffs, forest and water. It was a day in April 1856, the exact day is lost in time, when two youngsters, Nongqawuse who was an orphan of 15 and Nombanda, who was about 8 or maybe 10, left their homestead on the Gxarha river. Nongqawuse's uncle, Mhlakaza, asked them to chase birds away from cultivated fields. As they shooed the birds away in the early morning of that April day, Nongqawuse heard voices. She turned and standing inside a nearby bush were two men. They gave her a message which she was to relay to Mhlakaza when she and Nombanda returned. “Tell that the whole community will rise from the dead, and that all cattle now living must be slaughtered for they have been reared by contaminated hands because there are people about who deal in witchcraft…” The fusion of faiths and the belief in shades were intersecting in this youngsters' mind. She had heard the stories about previous prophecies as she grew up, about Mlanjeni the Riverman and Nxele the wardoctor. The violence and upheavals of the Frontier Wars were paralleled by a huge spiritual upheaval which resulted in a clash of Xhosa and Christian religious ideas. During the next thirteen months of this cattle killing between April 1856 and May 1857, about 85 per cent of all Xhosa adult men killed their cattle and destroyed their corn in obedience to Nongqawuse's prophecies. It is estimated that 400,OOO cattle were slaughtered and 40,000 Xhosa died of starvation. At least another 40,000 left their homes in search of food. But it was to have another effect. After a dogged 80 years of resistance to colonial expansion, the amaXhosa struggle collapsed by their own actions - and almost all their remaining lands were given away to white settlers or black clients of the Cape government.

Independent senator for Victoria Lidia Thorpe's protest before King Charles in the great hall of Parliament House last week caught news attention around the globe. While it prompted a few reactions, it also started a conversation about the British monarchy's role in the lasting legacy of colonisation for First Nations people. Reged Ahmad speaks to political editor Karen Middleton about why Australians can't stop talking about the royal protest and what it means for Thorpe's role as a senator You can support the Guardian at theguardian.com/fullstorysupport

Wars don't happen in a vacuum, even in space. They're the result of countless conflicts that go unresolved, leading to a fragile state of society where it only takes one mistake, one scared trigger squeeze, and the rest of humanity pays the price. In the Spacers Saga, the outer planets of the solar system have been the battle ground for the oligarchs, zealots and armies of the solar system for decades. The gunpowder was poured. The gasoline primed. Then one day, a scared trigger finger on Mars lit the fuse.

Author and professor Anita Heiss on her parents' story of romance, and how she brings true history alive in her work

*Content Warning: This episode of Doin' Time may contain audio images of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who have died, and discussion of Deaths in Custody.Sunday the 8th of September saw the official launch of Disrupt Land Forces 2024, with an event at Camp Sovereignty called "Lest We Forget The Frontier Wars." In this episode of Doin Time, Marisa plays us some recordings from the event, including speeches by Megan Krakouer and Uncle Ned Hargraves. 

Welcome to the History of South Africa podcast with me your host, Des Latham, this is episode 182. 182 is a triangular number meaning it can be arranged in an equilateral triangle — specifically it is the 13th triangle number because 13x4 Divided by 2 is 182. And it's a death triangle that the British were facing now - facing amaXhosa prophecy, a blazing hot environment not conducive to their warfare, and the amaXhosa chiefs who were stacking up against the invaders. When we left off, the British column under Lieutenant Colonel George Mackinnon was trying to make it back to Fort White having been whipped by the amaXhosa in the Boma Pass. It's important to note that all 12 British killed in that ambush were shot. Previously in the first seven Frontier Wars, most soldiers were stabbed by amaXhosa wielding assegais, but now the boot was on the other foot. And yet in the coming months of war, the Xhosa would use their trusty assegai's to good effect as you're going to hear. It was Boxing Day 1850, a year in which the transportation of British convicts to Western Australia had begun just as it was being phased out in other parts of that territory. In June 1850 Former Twice-Served British Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel fell off his horse and died. Mayer Lehman sailed from Germany to join his two brothers in the United States, who were running a dry-goods business, a pre-cursor to the doomed Lehman Brothers bank which collapsed in 2007 and took the world's economy with it. Also in the United States, Edward Ralph May delivered a speech to the Indiana legislature where he called for African-Americans to be given the right to vote. This was a period when slavery was still legal in the U.S., ten years before the civil War. In southern Africa, Mackinnon's men had been shot at through Christmas by Sandile's warriors who were imbued with Prophet Mlanjeni's magic - and now the troops were trying to escape what looked like certain doom. They'd bivouacked overnight at the Uniondale mission station at Keiskamma Hoek. It hadn't helped that Mackinnon stuck to his original orders like a limpet to a rock. Governor Sir Harry Smith had ordered that the men should march with firearms unloaded to avoid any accidents, and despite the fact that a large army of amaXhosa were now tailing the British as they were force marched to Fort White, the muskets remained unloaded. In nearby Woburnin for example, homes had been built at Ngqika's warrior son Thyali's grave. As you've heard the ex-British soldiers living there had opened up and desecrated the grave. For the Ngqika line of the Rharhabe - this military village would be their first main target. The amaNgqika had watched the vets till their land, they lived cheek by jowel. The land that had recently been their forefathers. The little river between Woburn and the amaNgqika was easy to cross except when in full spate, and a large amaXhosa army crossed the river on Christmas Day 1850, and laid waste to Woburn which they attacked at nine in the morning. Sixteen ex-soldiers farmed here some with families, and they were overrun in less than an hour - the women and children spared, the men speared or shot. The nearby military village of Auckland was attacked at two in the afternoon, it lay in a a bowl at the head of the Thyumie River valley and this was a trap from which none of the soldiers would escape. There was no clear view down into the valley which meant they had no idea what was taking place they could not see the smoke from Woburn and the little village of Juanasberg. When a Khoekhoe woman struggled up the path on Christmas morning and told the inhabitants of Auckland she had spotted smoke from the other villages, she was ignored. Across the other side of the Amatola mountains, the British troops who'd managed to make it out of Boma Passthen marched off from Keiskamma hoek heading to Fort White, were suffering in the mid-summer heat.

Part 4 of our series takes through the frontier wars that took place during the American Revolution from 1778-1783. This will include the Siege of Boonesborough and the disastrous Battle of Blue Licks - in which Boone would lose another son.  The Explorers Podcast is part of the Airwave Media Network: www.airwavemedia.com Interested in advertising on the Explorers Podcast? Email us at advertising@airwavemedia.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Frontier Wars is a term often used to describe the more than 100 years of violent conflicts between colonial settlers and the Indigenous peoples that occurred during the British settlement of Australia. Even though Australia honours its involvement in wars fought overseas, it is yet to acknowledge the struggle that made it the country it is today. - Սահմանային Պատերազմներ եզրը յաճախ կը գործածուի նկարագրելու համար 100 տարիէ աւելի տեւած բուռն բախումները, որոնք տեղի ունեցան Աւստրալիոյ պրիթանական բնակեցումի ժամանակ, գաղութային նորաբնակներու և Բնիկ ժողովուրդներու միջեւ: Հակառակ որ Աւստրալիա երկիր մըն է որ կը պատուէ իր մասնակցութիւնը արտասահմանի մէջ պատերազմներուն, տակաւին չէ ճանչցած Աւստրալիոյ կազմութեան ընթացքին տեղի ունեցած պայքարը:

The Frontier Wars ni neno linalo tumiwa kuelezea zaidi ya miaka 100 ya migogoro ya vurugu kati ya wakoloni nawatu wa asili wa Australia, vilivyo tokea wakati wangereza walikuwa wakianza kuishi Australia.

The Frontier Wars is a term often used to describe the more than 100 years of violent conflicts between colonial settlers and the Indigenous peoples that occurred during the British settlement of Australia. Even though Australia honours its involvement in wars fought overseas, it is yet to acknowledge the struggle that made it the country it is today. - O taua e fa'aigoaina o Frontier Wars, e fa'asino i taua ma vesiga i le va o papalagi na malaga mai e aumau ma tagata muamua i le amataga ona nofoia e tagata papalagi 'ele'ele o Ausetalia. E ui ina aloa'ia e Ausetalia taua na auai ma o lo'o auai ai lana militari i atunu'u i fafo, e le'i aloa'iaina taua na foafoa ai le atunu'u o lo'o tatou nonofo ai i aso nei.

The Frontier Wars is a term often used to describe the more than 100 years of violent conflicts between colonial settlers and the Indigenous peoples that occurred during the British settlement of Australia. Even though Australia honours its involvement in wars fought overseas, it is yet to acknowledge the struggle that made it the country it is today. - Та The Frontier War гэж хаа нэгтээ сонсож байсан уу. Британичуудын колончлолын үед уугуул иргэд болон энд суурьшсан хүмүүсийн хооронд 100 гаруй жил үргэлжилсэн ширүүн мөргөлдөөнийг ийнхүү нэрлэжээ. Хэдийгээр Австрали улс хилийн чанадад хийсэн дайныг хүндэтгэн үздэг ч өнөөдрийн Австралийг бий болгосон уг тэмцэл, дайныг хараахан хүлээн зөвшөөрөөгүй байна.

The Frontier Wars is a term often used to describe the more than 100 years of violent conflicts between colonial settlers and the Indigenous peoples that occurred during the British settlement of Australia. Even though Australia honours its involvement in wars fought overseas, it is yet to acknowledge the struggle that made it the country it is today. - Прикордонні війни — це термін, який часто використовують для опису більш ніж 100-річних насильницьких конфліктів між колоніальними поселенцями та корінними народами, які мали місце під час британського заселення Австралії. Незважаючи на те, що Австралія шанує свою участь у війнах, що велися за кордоном, вона ще не визнала боротьби, яка зробила її такою країною, якою вона є сьогодні.

The Frontier Wars is a term often used to describe the more than 100 years of violent conflicts between colonial settlers and the Indigenous peoples that occurred during the British settlement of Australia. Even though Australia honours its involvement in wars fought overseas, it is yet to acknowledge the struggle that made it the country it is today. - अस्ट्रेलियामा ब्रिटिशहरूको प्रत्यक्ष राज सुरु हुँदा, उनीहरूको स्थानीय आदिवासीहरूसँग एक शताब्दीभन्दा पनि लामो समयसम्म भएका हिंसात्मक द्वन्द्वहरूलाई बुझाउनका लागि प्राय गरेर प्रयोग हुने शब्दहरू हुन्, फन्ट्रियर वअर्स। विदेशमा लडिएका युद्धमा भागलिनेहरू प्रति अस्ट्रेलियामा सम्मान व्यक्त गरिने प्रचलन छ। स्वदेशी माटोमा भएका अनेकौँ द्वन्द्वहरूमा बगेका रगतबाट समेत यो देश बनेको छ। तर ती घरेलु युद्धहरू उपेक्षित बनेका छन्।

The Frontier Wars is a term often used to describe the more than 100 years of violent conflicts between colonial settlers and the Indigenous peoples that occurred during the British settlement of Australia. Even though Australia honours its involvement in wars fought overseas, it is yet to acknowledge the struggle that made it the country it is today. - Während der britischen Besiedlung Australiens fanden über mehr als 100 Jahre hinweg gewaltsame Konflikte zwischen den kolonialen Siedlern und den indigenen Völkern statt. Diese werden oft als Grenzkriege (Frontier Wars) bezeichnet. Australien ist zwar eine Nation, die ihre Beteiligung an Kriegen in Übersee in Ehren hält. Doch die Kämpfe, die im Ineren stattfanden und das Land schlussendlich zu dem gemacht haben, was es heute ist, sind bis heute noch nicht anerkannt.

The Frontier Wars is a term often used to describe the more than 100 years of violent conflicts between colonial settlers and the Indigenous peoples that occurred during the British settlement of Australia. Even though Australia honours its involvement in wars fought overseas, it is yet to acknowledge the struggle that made it the country it is today. - Οι πόλεμοι των συνόρων είναι ένας όρος που χρησιμοποιείται συχνά για να περιγράψει τα περισσότερα από 100 χρόνια βίαιων συγκρούσεων μεταξύ των αποικιοκρατών εποίκων και των ιθαγενών, που συνέβησαν κατά τη διάρκεια του βρετανικού εποικισμού της Αυστραλίας.

The Frontier Wars is a term often used to describe the more than 100 years of violent conflicts between colonial settlers and the Indigenous peoples that occurred during the British settlement of Australia. Even though Australia honours its involvement in wars fought overseas, it is yet to acknowledge the struggle that made it the country it is today. - Pogranični ratovi je izraz koji se često koristi za opisivanje više od 100 godina nasilnih sukoba između kolonijalnih doseljenika i autohtonih aboridžinskih naroda koji su se dogodili tokom britanskog naseljavanja Australije. Iako Australija odaje počast svom učešću u ratovima vođenim u inostranstvu, još uvijek nije priznala borbu koja ju je oblikovala u zemlju kakva je danas.

The Frontier Wars is a term often used to describe the more than 100 years of violent conflicts between colonial settlers and the Indigenous peoples that occurred during the British settlement of Australia. Even though Australia honours its involvement in wars fought overseas, it is yet to acknowledge the struggle that made it the country it is today. - Wojny pograniczne to termin często używany do opisania trwających ponad 100 lat gwałtownych konfliktów między osadnikami kolonialnymi a ludnością tubylczą, które miały miejsce podczas brytyjskiego osadnictwa w Australii. Chociaż Australia jest krajem, który honoruje swoje zaangażowanie w wojny toczone za granicą, nie uznała jeszcze walk, które uczyniły ją krajem, jakim jest dzisiaj.

The Frontier Wars is a term often used to describe the more than 100 years of violent conflicts between colonial settlers and the Indigenous peoples that occurred during the British settlement of Australia. Even though Australia honours its involvement in wars fought overseas, it is yet to acknowledge the struggle that made it the country it is today. - L'espressione “Guerre di frontiera” si riferisce agli oltre 100 anni di violenti conflitti tra coloni e popolazioni Aborigene che si sono verificati nel corso della colonizzazione britannica dell'Australia. Anche se l'Australia è una nazione che commemora il suo coinvolgimento nelle guerre combattute oltreoceano, non ha ancora riconosciuto la lotta che l'ha resa il Paese che è oggi.

The Frontier Wars is a term often used to describe the more than 100 years of violent conflicts between colonial settlers and the Indigenous peoples that occurred during the British settlement of Australia. Even though Australia honours its involvement in wars fought overseas, it is yet to acknowledge the struggle that made it the country it is today. - የሠፋሪና ነባር ዜጎች ጦርነቶች ቃሉ በእንግሊዝ የአውስትራሊያ ሠፈራ ወቅት ከ100 ዓመታት በላይ በቅኝ ገዢ ሠፋሪዎችና በነባር ዜጎች መካከል የተካሔዱ ግጭቶችን ለመግለጥ ተዘውትሮ ይነገራል። ምንም እንኳ አውስትራሊያ የተሳተፈችባቸውን የባሕር ማዶ ጦርነቶች ክብር ብትቸርም፤ አሁን ያለችውን ሀገር ለፈጠረው ትግል ግና እስካሁን ዕውቅናን አልቸረችም።

The Frontier Wars is a term often used to describe the more than 100 years of violent conflicts between colonial settlers and the Indigenous peoples that occurred during the British settlement of Australia. Even though Australia honours its involvement in wars fought overseas, it is yet to acknowledge the struggle that made it the country it is today. - Tsov rog 'Frontier Wars' ces los ib lo lus siv coj los piav txog tej kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab kev kub ntxhov uas tau tshwm sim muaj ntawm tej neeg tuaj nam nias liaj ia teb chaws thiab neeg txum tim rau lub caij muaj tej neeg Askiv tau tuaj nyob ntawm teb chaws Australia no. Txawm tias Australia yeej lees paub txog nws cov kev muaj feem koom tej tsov rog txawv teb chaws, los nws yeej tseem tsis tau lees paub txog tej uas tau muaj ntawm lub teb chaws no los txog niaj hnub niam no li.

The Frontier Wars is a term often used to describe the more than 100 years of violent conflicts between colonial settlers and the Indigenous peoples that occurred during the British settlement of Australia. Even though Australia honours its involvement in wars fought overseas, it is yet to acknowledge the struggle that made it the country it is today. - The Frontier Wars ni neno linalo tumiwa kuelezea zaidi ya miaka 100 ya migogoro ya vurugu kati ya wakoloni nawatu wa asili wa Australia, vilivyo tokea wakati wangereza walikuwa wakianza kuishi Australia. Hata kama Australia ni taifa linalo enzi kushiriki kwalo katika vita ng'ambo, bado haija tambua vita vilivyo ifanya kuwa nchi iliyopo leo.

The Frontier Wars is a term often used to describe the more than 100 years of violent conflicts between colonial settlers and the Indigenous peoples that occurred during the British settlement of Australia. Even though Australia honours its involvement in wars fought overseas, it is yet to acknowledge the struggle that made it the country it is today. - Las Guerras de la Frontera es un término que se utiliza a menudo para describir los más de 100 años de violentos conflictos entre los colonos y los pueblos indígenas que tuvieron lugar durante la colonización británica de Australia. Aunque Australia honra su participación en guerras libradas en ultramar, aún no reconoce la lucha que la convirtió en el país que es hoy.

The Frontier Wars is a term often used to describe the more than 100 years of violent conflicts between colonial settlers and the Indigenous peoples that occurred during the British settlement of Australia. Even though Australia honours its involvement in wars fought overseas, it is yet to acknowledge the struggle that made it the country it is today. - 프런티어 전쟁(Frontier Wars)이란 영국군이 호주에 정착하는 과정에서 100년 이상에 걸쳐 식민지 개척자들과 원주민들 사이에 벌어진 폭력적 충돌을 묘사할 때 종종 사용되는 용어다. 호주는 해외에서 벌어지는 전쟁에 참전한 것은 기리는 반면, 오늘날의 호주를 만든 바로 그 과거의 투쟁에 대해서는 아직 인정하지 않고 있다.

The Frontier Wars is a term often used to describe the more than 100 years of violent conflicts between colonial settlers and the Indigenous peoples that occurred during the British settlement of Australia. Even though Australia honours its involvement in wars fought overseas, it is yet to acknowledge the struggle that made it the country it is today. - Термин The Frontier Wars - Пограничные войны — часто используется для описания более чем 100-летних ожесточенных конфликтов между колониальными поселенцами и Коренными народами, которые произошли во время британского заселения Австралии. Австралия чтит свое участие в войнах за границей, но ей еще предстоит признать ту борьбу, которая сделала ее страной, которой она является сегодня.

The Frontier Wars is a term often used to describe the more than 100 years of violent conflicts between colonial settlers and the Indigenous peoples that occurred during the British settlement of Australia. Even though Australia honours its involvement in wars fought overseas, it is yet to acknowledge the struggle that made it the country it is today. - 边境战争（The Frontier Wars）这个术语经常用来描述英国殖民澳大利亚期间殖民地定居者与原住民之间发生的长达一百多年的暴力冲突。 尽管澳大利亚是一个以参与海外战争为荣的国家，但它尚未承认正是那些边境战争造就了今天的国家。 内容警告：本集包含可能会让某些听众感到不安的暴力内容。

The Frontier Wars is a term often used to describe the more than 100 years of violent conflicts between colonial settlers and the Indigenous peoples that occurred during the British settlement of Australia. Even though Australia honours its involvement in wars fought overseas, it is yet to acknowledge the struggle that made it the country it is today. - ‘Frontier Wars' หรือ ‘The Australian Wars' เป็นคำอธิบายถึงความขัดแย้งระหว่างผู้อพยพมาตั้งถิ่นฐานในยุคอาณานิคมของอังกฤษและชนพื้นเมืองออสเตรเลียที่มีมานับร้อยปี แต่ทำไมประวัติศาสตร์อันโหดร้ายนี่เพิ่งเริ่มเป็นที่รู้จัก

The Frontier Wars is a term often used to describe the more than 100 years of violent conflicts between colonial settlers and the Indigenous peoples that occurred during the British settlement of Australia. Even though Australia honours its involvement in wars fought overseas, it is yet to acknowledge the struggle that made it the country it is today. - Britanya'dan gelen sömürgeci yerleşimcilerle Avustralya'nın yerli halkları arasında yüz yıldan fazla süren çatışmalara Sınır Savaşları adını veriyoruz. Avustralyalıların yurt dışında katıldığı savaşlar her yıl anılsa da Avustralya'yı Avustralya yapan ve Britanya'nın kıtayı sömürgeleştirme sürecinin bir parçası olan bu savaşlar tarihin bir parçası değil.

The Frontier Wars is a term often used to describe the more than 100 years of violent conflicts between colonial settlers and the Indigenous peoples that occurred during the British settlement of Australia. Even though Australia honours its involvement in wars fought overseas, it is yet to acknowledge the struggle that made it the country it is today. - Tɔk de Frontier ee lueel de tɔk thɛɛr ɣɔn cï rɔt looi në run bɔ̈t ku abak cï tëk në kaam de kɔc ɣɔn rum piny kenë miith ke baai në thaa de Britic nyucke piny de Ɣötheralia. Ca ka men ye Ɣötherlian rɔt leec në tɔɔk cïke thöör në bɛɛi kɔk yic, ee ka ŋot ke kën rɔt gam në luɔ̈idït cï looi cen ya baai emenë.

The Frontier Wars is a term often used to describe the more than 100 years of violent conflicts between colonial settlers and the Indigenous peoples that occurred during the British settlement of Australia. Even though Australia honours its involvement in wars fought overseas, it is yet to acknowledge the struggle that made it the country it is today. - フロンティア戦争とは、オーストラリアの開拓時代、イギリスの入植者と先住民族との間に起きた100年以上に渡る、激しい対立を指す言葉です。オーストラリアは、海外で起きた戦争への関与を称える国であるにもかかわらず、今日のオーストラリアを作り上げた、まさにその闘争をまだ認めていません。

The Frontier Wars သည် ဩစတေးလျတွင် ဗြိတိသျှအခြေချနေထိုင်စဉ်အတွင်း ဖြစ်ပွားခဲ့သော ကိုလိုနီအခြေချနေထိုင်သူများနှင့် ဌာနေတိုင်းရင်းသားများအကြား နှစ်ပေါင်း 100 ကျော် ကြမ်းတမ်းသော ပဋိပက္ခများကို ဖော်ပြရန် သုံးလေ့ရှိသည့် အသုံးအနှုန်းဖြစ်သည်။

The Frontier Wars is a term often used to describe the more than 100 years of violent conflicts between colonial settlers and the Indigenous peoples that occurred during the British settlement of Australia. Even though Australia honours its involvement in wars fought overseas, it is yet to acknowledge the struggle that made it the country it is today. - Perang Perbatasan atau Frontiers War adalah istilah yang sering digunakan untuk menggambarkan konflik kekerasan antara pemukim kolonial dan masyarakat adat yang terjadi lebih dari yang 100 tahun selama pemukiman Inggris di Australia. Meskipun Australia menghormati keterlibatannya dalam perang yang terjadi di luar negeri, Australia belum mengakui perjuangan yang menjadikannya negara ini seperti sekarang ini.

The Frontier Wars is a term often used to describe the more than 100 years of violent conflicts between colonial settlers and the Indigenous peoples that occurred during the British settlement of Australia. Even though Australia honours its involvement in wars fought overseas, it is yet to acknowledge the struggle that made it the country it is today. - 'جنگ‌های مرزی' اصطلاحی است که اغلب برای توصیف درگیری‌های خشونت‌آمیزی استفاده می‌شود که طی بیش از ۱۰۰ سال بین مهاجران استعماری و مردمان بومی در آسترالیا رخ داده‌اند. اگرچه آسترالیا به دخالت خود در نبردهای خارجی افتخار می‌کند، اما هنوز به نبردهایی که منجر به تشکیل آن شده، اعتراف نکرده است.

The Frontier Wars is a term often used to describe the more than 100 years of violent conflicts between colonial settlers and the Indigenous peoples that occurred during the British settlement of Australia. Even though Australia honours its involvement in wars fought overseas, it is yet to acknowledge the struggle that made it the country it is today. - جنگ‌های مرزی اصطلاحی است که اغلب برای توصیف بیش از ۱۰۰ سال درگیری‌های خشونت‌آمیز بین مهاجران استعماری و مردمان بومی که در طول اسکان بریتانیایی‌ها در استرالیا رخ داد، به کار می‌رود. اگرچه استرالیا از دخالت خود در جنگهای خارج از کشور افتخار می کند، اما هنوز نبردی را که آن را به کشوری تبدیل کرده است، اعتراف نکرده است.

The Frontier Wars is a term often used to describe the more than 100 years of violent conflicts between colonial settlers and the Indigenous peoples that occurred during the British settlement of Australia. Even though Australia honours its involvement in wars fought overseas, it is yet to acknowledge the struggle that made it the country it is today. - Các cuộc chiến tranh tuyến đầu 'Frontier Wars' là một thuật ngữ thường được dùng để mô tả hơn 100 năm xung đột bạo lực giữa những người định cư da trắng và người bản địa xảy ra trong quá trình người Anh định cư ở Úc. Mặc dù Úc tôn vinh sự tham gia của nước Úc vào các cuộc chiến ở nước ngoài, nhưng vẫn chưa thừa nhận các cuộc chiến tranh đã tạo nên nước Úc như ngày nay.

The Frontier Wars is a term often used to describe the more than 100 years of violent conflicts between colonial settlers and the Indigenous peoples that occurred during the British settlement of Australia. Even though Australia honours its involvement in wars fought overseas, it is yet to acknowledge the struggle that made it the country it is today.

This week, we take a break from our chronological retelling of Australia's history to discuss Australia's involvement in our neighbour's colonisation, as well as in their frontier wars. 

David Marr with the story of his great-great-grandfather Reg Uhr, who led murderous expeditions with the Native Police during Queensland's frontier wars CW: mentions the names of Aboriginal people who have died