Podcasts about Haymarket Square

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the notorious attack of 4th of May 1886 at a workers rally in Chicago when somebody threw a bomb that killed a policeman, Mathias J. Degan. The chaotic shooting that followed left more people dead and sent shockwaves across America and Europe. This was in Haymarket Square at a protest for an eight hour working day following a call for a general strike and the police killing of striking workers the day before, at a time when labour relations in America were marked by violent conflict. The bomber was never identified but two of the speakers at the rally, both of then anarchists and six of their supporters were accused of inciting murder. Four of them, George Engel, Adolph Fischer, Albert Parsons, and August Spies were hanged on 11th November 1887 only to be pardoned in the following years while a fifth, Louis Ling, had killed himself after he was convicted. The May International Workers Day was created in their memory.With Ruth Kinna Professor of Political Theory at Loughborough UniversityChristopher Phelps Associate Professor of American Studies at the University of NottinghamAnd Gary Gerstle Paul Mellon Professor of American History Emeritus at the University of CambridgeProducer: Simon TillotsonReading list:Paul Avrich, The Haymarket Tragedy (Princeton University Press, 1984)Henry David, The History of the Haymarket Affair (Collier Books, 1963)James Green, Death in the Haymarket: A Story of Chicago, the First Labor Movement and the Bombing that Divided Gilded Age America (Pantheon, 2006)Carl Levy and Matthew S. Adams (eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Anarchism (Palgrave Macmillan, 2018), especially 'Haymarket and the Rise of Syndicalism' by Kenyon Zimmer Franklin Rosemont and David Roediger, Haymarket Scrapbook: 125th Anniversary Edition (AK Press, 2012)In Our Time is a BBC Studios Audio Production

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the notorious attack of 4th of May 1886 at a workers rally in Chicago when somebody threw a bomb that killed a policeman, Mathias J. Degan. The chaotic shooting that followed left more people dead and sent shockwaves across America and Europe. This was in Haymarket Square at a protest for an eight hour working day following a call for a general strike and the police killing of striking workers the day before, at a time when labour relations in America were marked by violent conflict. The bomber was never identified but two of the speakers at the rally, both of then anarchists and six of their supporters were accused of inciting murder. Four of them, George Engel, Adolph Fischer, Albert Parsons, and August Spies were hanged on 11th November 1887 only to be pardoned in the following years while a fifth, Louis Ling, had killed himself after he was convicted. The May International Workers Day was created in their memory.With Ruth Kinna Professor of Political Theory at Loughborough UniversityChristopher Phelps Associate Professor of American Studies at the University of NottinghamAnd Gary Gerstle Paul Mellon Professor of American History Emeritus at the University of CambridgeProducer: Simon TillotsonReading list:Paul Avrich, The Haymarket Tragedy (Princeton University Press, 1984)Henry David, The History of the Haymarket Affair (Collier Books, 1963)James Green, Death in the Haymarket: A Story of Chicago, the First Labor Movement and the Bombing that Divided Gilded Age America (Pantheon, 2006)Carl Levy and Matthew S. Adams (eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Anarchism (Palgrave Macmillan, 2018), especially 'Haymarket and the Rise of Syndicalism' by Kenyon Zimmer Franklin Rosemont and David Roediger, Haymarket Scrapbook: 125th Anniversary Edition (AK Press, 2012)In Our Time is a BBC Studios Audio Production

Episode Summary This time on This Month in the Apocalypse, Margaret, Brooke, and Inmn talk about a lot of stuff that happened in April. They explore the history of Mayday, what will happen if the US defaults on its debts, Brooke's reasons for not wanting to become a Dracula, strikes, a report from the Sudanese Anarchist Gathering on the current conflict in Sudan, a horrible string of murders, guns, syphilis, cheetahs, more syphilis, shirt slinging neo-Nazis, and some new news about the Stop Cop City movement. Host Info Margaret can be found on twitter @magpiekilljoy or instagram at @margaretkilljoy. Brooke can be found on Twitter or Mastodon @ogemakweBrooke. Inmn can be found on Instagram @shadowtail.artificery. Publisher Info This show is published by Strangers in A Tangled Wilderness. We can be found at www.tangledwilderness.org, or on Twitter @TangledWild and Instagram @Tangled_Wilderness. You can support the show on Patreon at www.patreon.com/strangersinatangledwilderness. Transcript LLWD: This Month in the Apocalypse: April Margaret 00:15 Hello and welcome to Live Like the World is Dying, your podcast for what feels like the End Times. This is a This Month in the Apocalypse special where we talk about this month in the apocalypse, but even more than that it's the Mayday special because it's Mayday--not when you're listening but when we're recording--and that's what matters to me is the things that affect me. I'm one of your hosts Margaret Killjoy. Brooke 00:33 Hi, I'm Brooke. Inmn 00:35 Hi, I'm Inmn Margaret 00:36 Inmn is joining us. Is this is your first time co-hosting the show? Inmn 00:41 This is...yes...this is my first time co-hosting. Margaret 00:45 That's very exciting. Inmn 00:46 Yes, I'm excited and under....I'm here for playful banter. Margaret 00:53 Great. Brooke 00:53 If there's three co-hosts, should it be co-co-host? Margaret 00:57 Or co...tri... No, I got nothing. Okay. So, co-co-hosts but not Coco Chanel because she's a Nazi. Brooke 01:08 Yeah. Bad. Margaret 01:10 Yep. Alright. So, this podcast is proud member of the Channel Zero Network of anarchists podcasts. And here's a jingle from another show on the network. Bop! [Said like the note of a song] That was my song. Brooke 01:23 Beautiful. Margaret 01:24 Thanks. Margaret 01:42 And we're back. Okay, so, today is Mayday. What's Mayday, you might ask? Eh? Eh? Inmn 02:26 What is...What's a May Day? Margaret 02:29 Thanks. It's the thing you say when you're in trouble and you're in an airplane. [Brooke makes sad trumpet noise] Okay, so, Mayday is the international working holiday. I don't have any notes about this in front of me. So, I'm going to be off the top of my head. But I've have given this as a spiel multiple times in my life. Mayday has been celebrated in various forms, kind of going back to 1886. And going back to 1886 in Chicago, let's like [Makes scifi time machine noises]...now we're in 1886 in Chicago and there's this vibrant anarchist scene and it's an almost entirely immigrant culture, mostly German in this particular time and place as well as there are some like born in the United States anarchists who are part of it, kind of most famously, the power couple Albert Parsons and Lucy Parsons. Albert Parsons is a white guy who used to be a Confederate soldier, realized he was on the wrong side when he as a teenager, spent the next huge chunk of his life trying to fight actively against the thing he had fought for. He managed to get shot in the process. And then he illegally married a black woman, Lucy Parsons, because it was illegal for interracial marriages. So, they actually moved to Chicago even before it was legal there. They moved from Texas up there. And they were rad organizers, and Lucy Parsons was like actually way more interesting than Albert. No offense to Albert, you know. He's one of today's martyrs for May Day. And Lucy Parsons has all these quotes about like, "What I want is for every greasy grimy tramp to arm himself with a knife and a gun and wait outside the homes of the rich. And, as they leave, stab or shoot them." Lucy Parsons did not fuck around. Lucy Parsons knew that class war was a thing that was already happening to marginalized people and wanted to see it returned to the rich. And so, the anarchists on Mayday during this time, they would do things like they'd have these huge parades where they like, marched to the homes of the rich with like banners that said, shit, like, "We're gonna fucking kill you," or whatever, you know. I'm sort of paraphrasing here because I don't have my notes. Yeah. And so they had this like culture and they were building this amazing culture and there was also this, like...they had community defense organizations, they had plays, they had like--it's very actually parallel to a lot of the stuff that's getting built now--only we'll survive repression better than they did; I hope. Okay, and so at the same time there's this massive fight for the eight hour workday. And the anarchists were a little bit like, "I mean, that's cool, I guess. Like we kind of want the no-hour workday. Like, we're in it for the abolition of capitalism, but we'll put up with it. Right, that's all right." And so, they were a big part of the organizing, and--kind of in a similar way that anarchists participate in organizing now--and there was basically this idea that we're like, "Alright, on May 1, 1886, we're just declaring the eight hour day, and no one will work more than that, and it's gonna be this massive general strike." And it was it was this massive general strike all across the country. And in Chicago, at the McCormick harvester factory where they made harvesters,which were, you know, big combine machines used for farming or whatever, a bunch of people were like, "Fuck this. We're not working." And so they brought in scabs, and then people were like, "Fuck you," and they like threw rocks at the scabs and stuff. And then the cops were like, "Well, what if we just shot you?" and people were like, "We'd rather you didn't shoot us," but the cops weren't listening. So, they shot them anyway. And some people died. And it was bad. And that was on May 1st. And then there were several days of protests after that. But the anarchists were like, "Man, they're just shooting us now." And these were not the first labor people who were getting shot in the US during this fight, but they were like, "You know, if they're shooting us like, let's put out this thing that's like, you know, in both German and English, it's like, "Show up at Haymarket Square and get ready to fight. This is our time." you know, and it's this big kind of bravado thing. But then,the day of everyone was like, "Actually, let's just show up and be peaceful because it's like, kind of sketchy. Like, you know?" and I feel like we've all been in this kind of situation. And so then all of these people go up and give these speeches. And some of the speeches are, like, "Let's murder all the people who are trying to murder us." And some of them were a little bit more restrained. And...but, it was like, overall peaceful, and so this was on May 4th, 1886. And then the chief of police, he was like, "No, I want to fuck everyone up." And I'm not even like--I'm putting words in his mouth, but I'm not putting motives into his mouth--this guy like fucking hated the anarchists. And so he marched on down there with a ton of people. And basically was like...it was like, starting to clear anyway. It was starting to rain. A lot of people were like, "Hey, let's go hang out at the bar instead of listening to the speakers." And the guys who were out there being like...I think was Samuel Fielden, and he's up there, He's like, trying to give a speech, and everyone's like, "Oh, like, that's cool. We could go hang out the bar instead of listening to you." It's like just one of those protests, right? It's actually not a big deal protest. And then the cops are fucking up everyone. So, someone--unknown to history, probably a German anarchist, hard to say--someone honks a bomb at the cops. A bomb goes boom. The cops start shooting wildly into the crowd. And they just like murder a ton of people. I actually literally have no idea the number. I don't remember off top my head at all. And they also shoot a bunch of themselves. Cops, as we're gonna talk about in this episode, cops are really good at shooting each other. Critical support to the police for shooting the police. Brooke 02:47 Comrade police? Hmmm. No. Margaret 06:30 Comrade Friendly Fire? Inmn 07:37 Comrade Friendly Fire. Margaret 07:39 And like, one of the reasons we know this is a lot of like people go through and look at the evidence and the direction of the bullets in the lampposts and all this stuff--there's this huge trial, right--and so all of the evidence that comes out is like, basically the cops all shot each other, right? Which is like...Whatever, I wouldn't get mad at someone who shot back if they're being shot at, but I don't think that that's what happened. So this thing happens. And it's like, "Oh, fuck, that's a really big deal," right? And then the anarchists...the cops are just like, "We're gonna fucking arrest everyone now." Like all the anarchists "You're done." And they just start sweeping the city. They're showing up at everyone's houses, like not only all the organizers but all the just like the regular non organizer folks, and they're just like raiding everything, shutting everything down. One of the most interesting arrests, they show up at this guy's house, and they're like, "Hey, we want this guy!" and this guy who answers the door, Louis Lingg, is like, "Oh, that guy's not here." And they're like, "Well, you'll do. We'll take you." And so Louis Lingg is like, "Fuck you!" And he pulls out a gun and tries to shoot the cop. And so the cop manages to get him and then, theoretically, according the New York Times--which is not an unbiased source now was like really not an unbiased source in 1886--In the carriage, Louis Lingg, who was I think 22 at this time, he says the quote, "It all would have been worth it if only I had been able to kill that police officer." So, they all get taken to jail. And it's mostly not firebrands like Louis Lang. It's all of these organizers. So, it's like Samuel Fielden who's just like this guy--he ends up a Wobbly later in his life--he survives. And he's...or maybe he's like a rancher. I can't remember. He stays rad, but he just like chills out after he survives this nasty shit. And so they arrested a bunch of them, and there's eight 'martyrs'--that they get called, right, and they're all put on trial. And, the thing that they're accused of is literally being anarchists. There is no evidence that links any of them to the bombing. There's plenty of counter evidence. Some of them have interesting alibis, like Louis Lingg, our aforementioned 22 year old. He's 23 at the time that he dies. His defense in court is, "I could not have made that bomb because I was at home making bombs." which was true. He did not throw the bomb Yeah. Oh my god. And then Louis Lingg was also like, he was this like, he was super hot and everyone like copied his style. Like all the boys would like do their hair up like Louis Lingg in order to like, look hot at all the anarchy dances and shit. And you just have this like wide variety of different people. You've got this guy who...this like toy maker named George Engel--who I've got tattooed on my arm--and he's like the oldest of them--I want to say that he's in his early 50s, I can't remember--and he's just this like, he's like born fucking poor in Germany and he ran a toy shop and he's an anarchist. And I used to think of him as just like the low key down to earth one, right? But it actually turns out, he was like, part of the like, super radical faction. Whereas like Albert Parsons, right, he was like, kind of like one of the more like, liberally anarchists who was like, "Oh, let's like have good messaging and shit." And George Engle was like, in the background planning how to take over the city by force of arms to institute anarchism. He still didn't throw the fucking bomb. And so yeah, they were all put on trial. And they were found guilty. And five of them were sentenced to death. Three of them were sentenced to not-death. I think two to life imprisonment, one to 15 years. There's a whole thing where like, some of them asked for a pardon from the governor. There's like a...and then five of them were like, "Man, we're not fucking asking for a pardon from the governor. Fuck you. Like, we're done. It's over. Fuck it." And then while they're awaiting their death, Louis Lingg, someone smuggles him in some explosives, probably in cigars, and he takes his own life. And the other four are led up to the platform and hanged. And there's like this massive unrest outside, and Lucy Parsons--her husband is about to get hanged--and she's trying to break in. And they have really heartbreaking last--their speeches in court are something worth reading--And their last words are stuff that sticks with me, including two of them that basically just said, "Hoch the anarchy!" or, ""up" the anarchy, hurrah for anarchy." And, you know, they they believed very strongly in a world without the state and without capitalism, and they fought and they died for it. And, it was complete miscarriage of justice everyone knew was a miscarriage of justice. At the time, no one cared because it was a big anti anarchists fervor. But, as the trial went on, people started being like, "Wait, what?" And so it actually, it crushed the anarchist movement in Chicago; the movement that had been building in Chicago fell apart. And it was it was awful because it was an incredibly vibrant, beautiful movement with like eight different newspapers in different languages, and like, it's like, it's all a bigger deal than...I think sometimes anarchists think we were like really marginal throughout history. And that is like, just not the case. And before state communism became a stronger force, anarchism was absolutely the primary voice of the left besides like, kind of like liberalish, like progressive movements. So, it crushed the Chicago movement. But, what it did is it inspired a generation and it inspired a generation of anarchists and inspired a generation of labor organizers. And so Mayday has been the International Workers holiday ever since. And within a couple of decades, you could go anywhere in the world and go into a union hall, even if it's not an anarchist Hall, even if it's a communist Hall, or whatever, and you'll see the martyrs on the wall who stood for that. And so, I love Mayday. I love this story. I love seeing myself in these people from our past, I think that we can have heritages that are not just direct ancestral like blood lineage. And I believe that the anarchists who are alive today are part of the lineage from the 1880s. And that, that spirit lives. So I get real emotional about it. And anyone who wants, I would really recommend going to Chicago going out to I think it's Waldorf Cemetery, but I might be wrong. Again. I didn't take any notes for this. It's off top my head. And, there's a monument to the martyrs and it's also where you'll see Emma Goldman's grave and Lucy Parsons grave. And, yeah, it's beautiful. And it has always the cutest graffiti on it, because I don't think they would have minded. Maybe Albert Parsons would have minded, right, but like Lois Lingg would have done it, you know. Inmn 14:09 I've heard it's become a new rite of passage to make out on their graves. Or at least it was it was like 10 years ago. Margaret 14:21 I just go there and cry. Inmn 14:26 That's also reasonable. Margaret 14:27 Yeah, whatever floats your boat. Brooke 14:28 If it makes you feel any better, they would have been dead by now anyway. Margaret 14:32 Or would they have? Because, what if they're Dracula's? Brooke 14:38 Not this again? No. No. Margaret 14:42 What if a Dracula threw the bomb? Margaret 14:43 And [that Dracula] now has a podcast. What if I threw the bomb at Haymarket? Is this a conspiracy theory I should spread?. Brooke 14:43 No! Brooke 14:52 Never. Inmn 14:53 Yes, yes. You heard it here, Margaret. Killjoy is a Dracula. Margaret 14:58 Yeah. Brooke 14:58 You know, as we've talked about before, famous podcasters have superpowers that make things come true. So, you should not do any of that. Margaret 15:07 Become a Dracula? Okay, so I'm really...I've given us a lot of thought. Actually, I'm curious about you all. Let's get your answers first. Brooke, would you become a Dracula? Brooke 15:16 No. Margaret 15:18 Inmn, would you become a Dracula? Inmn 15:24 Yes. Yes. Margaret 15:26 Okay. Let's get both your reasons. Brooke why no Dracula becoming? This is what people tune in for. This is about what This Month in the Apocalypse is about. Brooke 15:36 Because I have seen and read every vampire novel, story, romance, you know, whatever. There's one for every generation and I've read them all. And it never goes well. It just never goes well. There's no...There's no history of it going well for Dracula. Margaret 15:54 That's true. Brooke 15:55 So, that doesn't seem like a good choice. Margaret 15:58 Into it. Brooke 15:59 I don't like living enough as it is that I don't want to do it extra long. I look forward to dying someday. Yes. I don't want to not die. I want to get off this fucking planet. Margaret 16:15 Alright, Inmn what do you got? Why are you becoming a Dracula? Inmn 16:19 Despite my belief that it actually is like an interesting thing to know that we are going to die, which I mean, I could still die as Dracula, can absolutely still die as Dracula. I think the like middle school version of Inmn that was and is still obsessed with like different fantasy worlds would never forgive myself if I passed up the opportunity to become a Dracula. Margaret 16:53 That is fair. Inmn 16:54 Yeah, I'm holding myself to the standard of 12 year old Inmn. That is the only standard that matters. Margaret 17:01 I make decisions like that. I think that's a reasonable...like when you're like, "Do you want to do something or not do something?" and be like, "What would 12 year old me think?" Brooke 17:09 I think 12 year old may be crying in her bedroom about, you know, whatever cute boy won't talk to her. So, she shouldn't get a say in my life. Margaret 17:18 Yeah, okay, fair. Okay, I would become a vampire, or a Dracula as it's fun to call them, even though I'm incredibly squeamish, I'm vegan, I don't like blood, I don't like meat, I would hate to kill someone, but I feel like it would be like, it's just like, I feel like I owe it. It's like, like, who am I to turn down superpowers? Like, imagine what you could do if you were an immortal until proven otherwise by the sun or a stake? Brooke 17:57 Could you solve the current conflict in the Sudan? Margaret 18:01 I don't know. Would direct application of violence successfully solve that problem? And I don't know the answer. Brooke 18:08 What about global warming? Margaret 18:11 I respectfully declined to answer the question about whether direct application of violence would be useful in solving global warming. Brooke 18:19 Would your powers help us with the government debt default problem? Margaret 18:24 Oh, I could help with the government problem. Brooke 18:28 Yeah, your superpowers could do something about that? Margaret 18:30 Yeah. Because, imagine antifa super soldiers if everyone was like, 15 times stronger, immune to almost all damage, can only come out at night [inflected to be a disadvantage], and have to have a mutual aid blood bank. But I bet there would be volunteers, you know. Brooke 18:51 You don't know for sure that that's what would happen if you become a Dracula because not all Dracula mythology has them getting superpowers other than just like living forever. Margaret 19:04 Yeah? Brooke 19:04 They might not be extra strong or fast or... Margaret 19:08 Oh, they're like almost always like...but, you know, and if you're rolling the dice, you might be able to turn into a bunch of bats. If you could turn into mist...If I could turn into mist I like would volunteer to be tried for every crime that an anarchist does. "It was me. Oh, no." And then I turned into mist and I leave the prison. You know? Until they figure out I'm a vampire. And then they hit me with the sun. But...there's like some holes in this plan. Brooke 19:36 Some? Some? Okay. Margaret 19:38 Yeah, enough that bats can fit through. Inmn 19:44 There are wilder concepts, you know, wilder things have happened in history than you becoming a Dracula. Brooke 19:54 Like the Rutgers University strike that happened last month. That kind of wild thing? Margaret 19:58 Is that what we're switching into? Is this a transition? Brooke 20:00 You see how desperately I'm trying to divert to what we're going to be talking about. Margaret 20:05 All right, let's go. Let's go. What do you got? What happened this month in the apocalypse? [last word said with an eerie reverb voice] Brooke 20:11 Well, strikes being good things, the staff at Rutgers University went on strike for a grand total of five whole days in April. They did a pretty good job of planning it in secrecy, though, because everyone was super surprised when they sent out the email on April 9th in the evening, like, "Hey, we're going on strike tomorrow." And then suddenly, they were on strike. And everyone's like, "Wait, what the fuck?" So. It's very similar to what was going on with...whichever one of the Cali...UCLA? Whichever one of the California universities was doing strike stuff recently too, arguing for better pay and better treatment of graduate students and such. Margaret 20:55 How did the Rutgers one end up? Brooke 20:58 They have a tentative agreement. Margaret 21:00 Fuck yeah. Brooke 21:00 They still haven't finalized contracts, but it was impactful enough that it got the necessary people to come back to the negotiating table and, you know, get some progress towards their goals there. Margaret 21:14 Fuck yeah. Brooke 21:15 Yeah. Yay, Strikes, Inmn 21:17 Yay, strikes, Brooke 21:19 There was some other strike that's going on, or maybe going on soon, but I can't remember where or what it is, other than President Biden wouldn't comment on it. Margaret 21:30 He's like, he's trying so hard to be the pro-labor President as he continues to do all kinds of anti-labor shit. Brooke 21:35 Right? Fuckface. Yeah. Speaking of the government and how much it sucks, we're at risk of defaulting on our debt here in the US, again, which is a fun thing they like to battle every once in a while. Margaret 21:54 Okay, so this is such an abstract thing that people keep talking about it and it's something that means nothing to me. Brooke 22:01 Yeah. Margaret 22:01 What does it mean? Not because it doesn't mean anything, but because the way it's presented just like, I don't get it. Brooke 22:08 Well, so in order to prop up our whole fake monetary system that we've created, the government sometimes makes itself have to follow some rules so that we all...the rest of us still believe in it, too. And it likes to flirt with not following those rules in order to have drama that we can all talk about. That's what's going on. That's all you need to know, Margaret 22:34 Well, what happens if they default? If they default do I lose? Like, like, what happens? Brooke 22:40 Well, technically, then the government doesn't have money to pay for things like sending out welfare checks, or paychecks for federal workers, or funding to states for various programs that the federal government funds, paying for the military. Basically, all the things that the federal government pays for. Margaret 23:04 So like, lots of bad and one good. Brooke 23:07 Yeah, kind of. Margaret 23:08 Well, from our point of view Brooke 23:10 Internationally, you know, people who've invested who own government bonds, for instance, basically if you've loaned money to the federal government, you'd be like, "You're not gonna you're not gonna pay back the money that you owe us? Fuck you." and can affect the value of the dollar and international trade, and blah, blah, blah. The reason I'm being so whatever about it is because the government's not going to default on its debt. It just never...it's not that it's never has, it has four times in history, but it's just it could be potentially so disastrous to the economy and to our fake belief or belief in the fakeness of the monetary system that the government, just they're not gonna let it happen. Just want to make news. Inmn 24:06 I hate that my brain can only think about things in terms of fantasy novels. But is this similar to like in Game of Thrones when they have to borrow money from the Lannisters? And the Lannisters are like "Nah, we're not giving you any more money." and then they try to get it from a bank and the banks like "Y'all are really broke. We're not going to give you any money." And... Brooke 24:33 That's actually a really good analogy for what's going on because yeah, like the US in order to fund all the shit we do has borrowed money from, you know, other governments, other people outside the country, like, you know, we talk about how you can just print money, you can just make up money, we just say what it's worth, but the only reason that whole system, the monetary system, works is because we all agree to believe in it. And if the government breaks its own rules about the monetary system, the whole belief system can start to unravel. Inmn 25:15 I see. What is it that kind of keeps? Like, is it just the belief in that that keeps that? Like, what? What keeps the cycle functioning? Brooke 25:27 The monetary cycle? Inmn 25:30 Yeah. It's something I've always been curious about, like, if the US is so in debt then like, why is the US a global economic power still? Margaret 25:41 Well, what's wild is that it's because it's so in debt is how it's a global economic power. There's like weird ways of having people--I'm not going to do this justice and maybe Brooke knows it better--but I'm just, I read "Debt" once by David Graeber and now I'm smart about money because I don't remember anything--but literally, at least that book talks about the fact that if you're the hegemonic power, loaning money to people makes them invested in your success or failure. They don't want you to fail because if you default on a loan, they're never seen that money back. It's like actually a weird power play for the United States to have a debt like that. And it's like the King used to loan money or borrow money from people all the time in a way that there's like a question mark profit that I don't quite get grasp in there. Brooke 26:30 Yeah, people will talk about, especially like Republican side of conversation, will talk about how we're heavily in debt to China, like the Chinese government has bought a lot of US Treasury bonds, basically loaned us a whole bunch of money, if you will. They'll say "Oh, well, you know, they can just call in their debt and fuck us up anytime they want to." But that would fuck them up too because they've loaned out all of this money and capital. And if they're just like, "Hey, you need to give it back." when they know, we can't pay it back then that's just gonna send the whole system into chaos, which will echo back to them and just fuck up the whole global economy. If that makes sense? Margaret 27:13 Yeah. Okay, so what else we got? We got default. Brooke 27:18 Well, the other thing I wanted to say about the default is it is different from--because there's another debate that crops up pretty often--and it's about government shutdowns and it's easy to get the two conflated, but they're actually about different things. The debt ceiling one that's being talked about right now is about 'can the government borrow more money.' Basically, it's going to sell more treasury bonds that were bought by China or, you know, whatever other nations in order to bring money into the US so the US can pay for things. That's the, that's the debt ceiling. That literally like...it's like, if you want to go to your credit card and get a higher spending limit on your credit card. That's what they're doing there. The other thing is the government shutdowns because of budgetary debates. So, the government has to create a budget for itself. And if it can't agree on that budget by a certain deadline then it doesn't know how much it is or isn't allowed to spend on things. And the response to that is that the whole government shuts down, the federal government, because they don't know how much they're allowed to spend on things even though there's money there. So, they're two, the debt ceiling is one thing that's going on right now and then government shutdowns are another thing that happens for different reason. They're all money related, but they're actually quite different. Inmn 28:36 I see. Brooke 28:38 Turning towards international news, I suppose y'all might have heard about this, but conflict is broken out in Sudan earlier in April, was like the mid month. I wanna say was like the 15th or so. Which, Sudan has a really long history of violence and unsteadiness as a country, a lot of conflict. It's been ruled by an autocrat for a long time. And that person was overthrown a few years ago around 2020 or either a little before or a little after. I can't quite remember. So, they've been in the process of trying to form a democratic government in the last few years since that autocratic leader was overthrown, but they haven't got there. And it's been a very tense place. And then, just a couple weeks ago the army and a paramilitary force started fighting in the Capitol, and I think a few hundred people have died already, and Western countries that have workers there, principally the US and the UK, have started to try to evacuate people who were there. They had a really short ceasefire over this last weekend in order for the Western governments to try and get their people out of the country, but it's, you know, looking to be another refugee crisis. People are are starting to pack up and migrate. And the fighting looks like it could get much worse. And it's also another one of those places in the world where it's kind of a proxy fight because Russia has a lot of interest in Sudan and what's going on in that region, and the US has shown a lot of interest, too. And so, you know, some of our old tensions between our countries are flaring up. Yes, Margaret? Margaret 30:33 So, okay, a couple questions about that. I'm really curious about it. I've been following it a little bit. And I've only been able to kind of get a little bit of a picture. There's a...Okay, so I believe that the militia that is currently trying to take power is the Rapid Support Forces... Margaret 30:52 Versus the existing government. And, do you know which side the US and Russia are each supporting? Brooke 30:52 Yeah. Brooke 31:01 I was not clear on that as I was reading through it. It sounded like the military, some of the military leaders, there's a general in particular, who's trying to become a politician and then possibly reelected as president, which we all know how that goes when the military then takes the power, which seems more like the thing that Russia would support versus the other forces being more in favor of democratic institutions. Margaret 31:30 I know there's a there's a group called the Sudanese Anarchists Gathering. There's a group of anarchists who organize there that have been...I've been reading their dispatches through "Organise Magazine," which is spelled incorrectly. They use an S because they're British. Brooke 31:46 Find out more at https://live-like-the-world-is-dying.pinecast.co

After g.h., I started talking about the 1886 Haymarket Square police & labor altercations/ killings. What's sad is that most jobs don't pay in the USA & the average Joe on the street is now distracted over boys who want to be girls & vice-versa.

May Day 2016 with Peter Linebaugh (repodcast) We're happy to share another past episode, this time from May Day 2016, about 4 months before the start of our rss feed for our podcast. I feel it's notable that this show approaches it's 13th birthday on the May 9th of this year. In this show, you'll hear an interview with autonomous Marxist historian, Peter Linebaugh on essay collection The Incomplete, True, Authentic and Wonderful History of May Day plus some music we curated at the time. To friends we've met, and to those we have yet to meet, I'd like to wish everyone a happy May Day. As we'll hear in the following hour, this day has a long celebrated history. From its many European pagan roots as a celebration of fertility as the fruits of the spring planting season began to... uh, spring forth. Then on to the repressive winter that fell early on May 3rd and 4th of 1886 in Illinois with, first, the killing of workers striking for an 8 hour work day at the McCormick Works and then the repression of anarchist and socialist workers and organizers following the bombing at Haymarket Square in Chicago of that same year. From there to the taking up of May 1st as International Workers Day by struggling groups around the world and the U.S. adoption of a sanctioned Labor Day in September of the year. To divide an international working class, The U.S. government, oppressors of that May Day 1886 sanctioned a Labor Day to be celebrated in September, declared the first of May both Law Day (an obvious testament to Irony in respect to the Haymarket 8, all jailed and 4 executed) and, for some, it's celebration as Americanism Day. Whatever that means. In 2006 & 2007, immigrants rights marches were seen on and around May Days that, for many, re-sparked the importance of this day. The protests and festivals swelled to numbers nearly unmatched in the history of protest on Turtle Island, and were accompanied by school and work walkouts and boycott days. Whether you're out there today taking direct action, in repose from the horrors of wage slavery, resisting the carceral state, gardening, dancing around a May Pole or otherwise celebrating the possibilities of this year to come when, hell, we might as well end this system of exclusion and extraction: We wish you a fire on your tongue, love in your heart and free land beneath you. .. ... . .. Featured Tracks: The International by Ani DiFranco & Utah Philips The Earth Is Our Mother by Oi Polloi from Fuaim Catha Surrounded by Matador from Taken I Wish That They'd Sack Me by Chumbawamba from The Boy Bands Have Won Addio a Lugano by Pietro Gori (performed by Gruppo Z on Canti Anarchici Italiani) IO Pan by Spiral Bound from Leap Your Lazy Bounds 9-5ers Anthem by Aesop Rock from Labor Days

A l'occasion du 1er mai, date importante pour les droits des travailleurs et des travailleuses, j'ai eu envie d'enregistrer cet épisode bonus pour parler de l'histoire du Premier mai et de ses origines anarchistes souvent méconnues. C'est une histoire de luttes sociales qui montre que tous les acquis sociaux ont été arrachés de force aux patrons par les travailleurs et travailleuses. Sources et références : Les origines anarchistes du premier mai post insta @les anarquoi https://travail-emploi.gouv.fr/actualites/l-actualite-du-ministere/article/l-histoire-du-1er-mai-en-5-infos-cles#:~:text=Le%201er%20mai%201886,l'ann%C3%A9e%20comptable%20des%20entreprises. http://www.cnt-f.org/les-martyrs-de-chicago-aux-origines-du-1er-mai.html http://www.anarchie.be/AL/14/histo.htm#:~:text=Le%20samedi%201er%20mai%201886,pour%20la%20classe%20ouvri%C3%A8re%20internationale. https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massacre_de_Haymarket_Square https://www.evenement.ch/articles/le-1er-mai-est-celebre-depuis-130-ans https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/013910/2015-01-21/#:~:text=Puis%20vint%20en%201877%20l,la%20journ%C3%A9e%20de%208%20heures. https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Friday_(1887) https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusillade_de_Fourmies Bernard Degen: "Premier mai", in: Dictionnaire historique de la Suisse (DHS), version du 19.02.2020, traduit de l'allemand. Online: https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/017444/2020-02-19/, consulté le 14.03.2023.

The Haymarket affair, also known as the Haymarket massacre, the Haymarket riot, the Haymarket Square riot, or the Haymarket Incident, was the aftermath of a bombing that took place at a labor demonstration on May 4th 1886, at Haymarket Square in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It began as a peaceful rally in support of workers striking for an eight-hour work day, the day after the events at the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company, during which one person was killed and many workers injured. An unknown person threw a dynamite bomb at the police as they acted to disperse the meeting, and the bomb blast and ensuing gunfire resulted in the deaths of seven police officers and at least four civilians and dozens of others were wounded.

Someone threw a bomb into the police ranks, who then opened fire on the unarmed crowd, creating a melee of blood and bullets. Within five minutes, the calamitous event was over. “The calamitous event” was the 1886 Haymarket Square Massacre – or the Haymarket Riot, depending on who you're talking to. As part of the virtual public event "Monumental Labor: Justice Denied, Injustice Remembered," Dr. Melissa Dabakis examines the history of the Haymarket Square bombing. The series was organized by NPS Mellon Humanities Fellows Dr. Eleanor Mahoney and Dr. Emma Silverman, and was made possible by the National Park Service in part by a grant from the National Park Foundation and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. On Labor History in 2:00: The year was 1937. That was the day animators struck Fleischer Studio in New York City. It was the industry's first strike.   Music by Jay Kulstad: Haymarket Massacre.   Questions, comments or suggestions welcome, and to find out how you can be a part of Labor History Today, email us at LaborHistoryToday@gmail.com Labor History Today is produced by Union City Radio and the Kalmanovitz Initiative for Labor and the Working Poor. Hosted and produced by Chris Garlock.  #LaborRadioPod #History #WorkingClass #ClassStruggle @GeorgetownKILWP #LaborHistory @UMDMLA @ILLaborHistory @AFLCIO @StrikeHistory #LaborHistory @NatlParkService @elbertscube

It's May 4th. This day in 1886, a deadly riot between police and protesters broke out in Haymarket Square in Chicago. Jody, NIki, and Kellie discuss how the Haymarket Riot came on the heels of days of escalating protest over an 8-hour work day; and how the roots of May Day, as a labor holiday, have at times been forgotten. Sign up for our newsletter! Find out more at thisdaypod.com And don't forget about Oprahdemics, hosted by Kellie, out now from Radiotopia. This Day In Esoteric Political History is a proud member of Radiotopia from PRX. Your support helps foster independent, artist-owned podcasts and award-winning stories. If you want to support the show directly, you can do so on our website: ThisDayPod.com Get in touch if you have any ideas for future topics, or just want to say hello. Our website is thisdaypod.com Follow us on social @thisdaypod Our team: Jacob Feldman, Researcher/Producer; Brittani Brown, Producer; Khawla Nakua, Transcripts; music by Teen Daze and Blue Dot Sessions; Julie Shapiro and Audrey Mardavich, Executive Producers at Radiotopia

Keepers of the Flame: Don Villar and the Chicago Federation of Labor Dave talks with Don V. Villar, Secretary-Treasurer of the Chicago Federation of Labor about the city's important role in labor history and how it drives their commitment to today's working people. The Chicago Federation of Labor is the third-largest central labor council in the United States, an umbrella organization with 300 union affiliates representing over half a million members from Chicago and Cook County, Illinois. Don Villar was literally born into the union movement - his mom gave birth to him while his father was on strike, fighting for better wages and benefits for workers in the Philippines. After his family moved to the United States, his mom worked at the flight kitchen in O'Hare and was a member of UNITE-HERE Local 1. Don earned his bachelor's degree while working a building security job as a member of SEIU and went to work for the ABC affiliate TV station in Chicago. He worked there for 25 years and won an Emmy award. In 2007, he joined the negotiating committee of NABET-CWA Local 41 with ABC, which made clear to him how systemic inequality for workers could only be overcome through union power and activism. That experience inspired him to apply to law school, and he completed his law degree while working full time. He is dedicated to civil rights advocacy and labor law. “We see a lot of injustice out there, the devaluing of our labor, workers being disrespected,” said Don, which gets him “fired up” to make things right. The discussion turns to the important role the city of Chicago has played in labor history. Many labor unions were born out of street actions in Chicago, and many unions “Local 1” and “Local 2” are still based there. During the interview, Don says he is sitting only a few blocks away from Haymarket Square, where at least 8 workers died in 1886 when a labor protest for an 8-hour workday turned into a riot. Today, workers around the world honor their sacrifice on May Day every year. Don also speaks about the commitment that the CFL has with workers who have suffered job loss during the coronavirus pandemic, and how their community service events have served as a lifeline for many union members. In partnership with their affiliates, they conducted a food drive the day before Mothers' Day in the parking lot of IAM Local 1487 near O'Hare Airport. Dave Roderick and Ann Clifford from District 141 helped coordinate the event with Machinists and members of many CFL affiliates, from Bricklayers to Musicians. “Union members helping union members,” distributed 1,600 pounds of food to 400 needy families that day. Don is deeply grateful to Local 1487 and District 141 for their dedication and solidarity. “Machinists have always been a big part of the CFL; Chicago can't move without our Machinists Brothers and Sisters.” Watch our video podcast on Facebook and Youtube at these links https://www.facebook.com/IAMAWDistrict141/videos/497036981340976/ https://youtu.be/uK9YUFcxxXg

In the 2nd episode of Shadows of Chi-Town, Wags and Kyle investigate two true crime stories from the Windy City. The Japanese gambler and mob associate, Ken Eto aka Tokyo Joe, and the deadly labor rally known as the Haymarket Square Riot. If you have a true crime or supernatural experience you'd like us to share, contact us below. Twitter: https://twitter.com/ChiShadows Email: shadowsofchitown@gmail.com Produced by Kyle Hintz & Wags Music by Nathan Alan 'M3' Bukowiecki Nickells Editing by Kyle Hintz --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/shadowsofchitown/support

Why is May Day a holiday celebrated all over the world, but not in the United States? The answer is piece of Chicago history pointing to the events culminating at Haymarket Square on May 4th, 1886.

By Ruth Kinna and Clifford Harper. Read by Barbara Graham and Jim Donaghey. Born to an enslaved woman in 1851, Parsons explored class conflict through the prism of the American Civil War. A keen advocate of independent labour organising in the late nineteenth century, Parsons was active in the Knights of Labor and the anarchist International Working People's Association. In 1905 she joined the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). She wrote regularly for the anarchist-socialist press and lectured across America, refusing to be cowed by police bans or arrests for riot that followed as a consequence of her defiance. Parsons spearheaded the defence campaigns for the accused of the Haymarket Square bombing, and frequently referred to the injustice of the trial to spotlight the steeliness of capitalist ‘slavocracy'. Also available at YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M7I5Bot2GyU The Great Anarchists pamphlet series is published by Dog Section Press and Active Distribution. See: http://dogsection.org/parsons and http://www.activedistributionshop.org/ for more details. Music by Them'uns - https://soundcloud.com/user-178917365

The Roots of Labor Day:  May Day versus Labor Day.. Labor Day is a national holiday dedicated to American workers.In the 19th century, the industrial revolution reached its peak, and many Americans had to work 12 hours a day seven days a week. Even small children worked in factories and died striking in the Silk Mills located in  Paterson New Jersey. Almost none of the employers provided their employees with sick leave, paid leave or medical benefits. When workers began to unionize, they began to protest against difficult and unsafe working conditions and demand more substantial benefits from employers. Both Labor Day and International Workers' Day, which is celebrated on May 1, are established in honor of the  american workers. In May 1886, a demonstration of workers who spoke for the 8 hour work day took place at Haymarket Square in Chicago. An explosion occurred during the protest, killing seven policemen and four civilians.  After the events at Haymarket Square a powerful anti-union movement appeared. Over the years, May Day has become increasingly associated with left-wing radicals.  Topics: Pullman Brothers Strike, A. Phillip Ranolph: Sanitation Workers Martin Luther King: Caulkers Isaac Myers; Paterson Mill Boys 1835: Newsie boys; Paul Robeson Internationalist. https://www.forumdaily.com/en/den-truda-neskolko-faktov-o-prazdnike-znamenuyushhem-okonchanie-leta/

As the century came to a close, labor unrest reached explosive new heights. Industrial expansion made businessmen and bankers rich. But workers faced low wages, long hours, and dangerous conditions. They sought strength in numbers, fighting for basic rights against the power of big business—and often faced violent pushback.In May 1886, a bomb exploded at a peaceful labor protest in Chicago’s Haymarket Square. Police fired their guns into the crowds. Panic engulfed the city. And the nation’s most powerful labor union suffered a devastating blow. In Homestead, Pennsylvania, steelworkers waged a bloody battle against private security forces. And in Pullman, Illinois, railroad workers laid down their tools, sparking a nationwide railroad shutdown—one that President Grover Cleveland would crush with brutal force.Listen ad-free on Wondery+ here

Wayne State history PhD candidate, archivist, and former Reuther Library staff member Allie Penn talks with Tales from the Reuther Library podcast host Dan Golodner about the Housewives League of Detroit. Plus, Labor History in 2 tells the story of Oscar Neebe, one of eight men convicted of inciting violence at a workers rally at Haymarket Square in Chicago in 1886. And, from our own archives, the former union building right in downtown DC that you’ve probably passed many times without realizing the key role it played in American labor history. Produced by Chris Garlock; edited by Patrick Dixon. To contribute a labor history item, email laborhistorytoday@gmail.comLabor History Today is produced by the Metro Washington Council’s Union City Radio and the Kalmanovitz Initiative for Labor and the Working Poor at Georgetown University.

I have just released my May 1st live mix, which is dedicated to the working class people around the world. The 1st of May is the day of the working people. Its historical tradition dates back to 1884 when the »Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions of the United States and Canada« called for a general strike on May 1, 1886. They demanded an eight-hour working day instead of a twelve-hour day. In the whole of the United States between 300.000 and 500.000 people went on strike. The largest demonstration took place in Chicago with 90.000 people. On May 3, six workers were shot and some were injured. The following night, thousands of workers gathered and ran to Haymarket Square as a sign of their protest against the violence of the capitalist system. On May 4, the workers gathered to express their solidarity with their dead comrades and to protest against the brutality of the police. A bomb was dropped on Haymarket Square. Nobody knows whom the bomb came from, but research suggests that an Agent Provocateur detonated the bomb on behalf of the authorities. A peaceful event turned into a massacre. Demonstrators were shot and killed once again at the hands of the government. The strike lasted three days until the police broke through and crushed the protest. During this time, around 200 workers were injured or killed. The day went down in history as the »Haymarket Riot«. The organizers were sentenced to death. Despite defeat, the day was a step forward in the victory of socialism. It clearly showed the working classes of the world that they either remain wage slaves in bourgeois societies or liberate themselves by overthrowing bourgeois society and its class violence against the oppressed. So this two-hour-long roots reggae and dub mix, with some selected melodies of humanity and against oppression, is dedicated to both tradition and the upcoming struggles for a better, fairer world. Solidarity is the key. Elegie al Che Capture Land Dub Militancy Dub Shoot Up The Town A Fat Dub Heart Made Of Stone + Dub Stabbed Yu In De Back Them Thing Deh Citizen Dub Which Side Are You On? No Man Is An Island To Much Confusion (Extended) Wood For My Fire Dub Wise Wood For My Fire Style Whom Shall I Be Afraid Of (Extended) La Lizza Delle Apuane (Toscana) + Bella Ciao (Pianura Padana) Kingdom Dub Slave Driver + Dub The Internationale Jahova Dub Battle Cry Mentally Tougher By Using Dub One + Two The Big Tree Mandela + Version East Bond Street Downbeat Rock + Dubplate Cut 2 La Plegaria A Un Labrador 1st June 2020 | dicaptainmusic.com

Today in history: Gene Vincent records 'Be-Bop-A-Lula.' Kent State massacre takes place. 'Freedom Riders' leave Washington DC. First Grammy Awards Ceremony. Al Capone goes to prison. Haymarket Square riot takes place. Rhode Island declares it's freedom.  

Before there was Labor Day, there was May Day. It's a lesser known labor holiday that is highly celebrated in other developed countries except for where it originated- the good ol' US of A. This episode explains why. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/j-rich4/message

On this week’s show: Timothy Messer-Kruse on "The enduring power of the Haymarket Square bomb: uncovering the hidden history of a failed revolutionary uprising in America." From the Our Daily Worker/Our Daily Lives Brown Bag series at Michigan State University. Plus: celebrating Pete Seeger’s 100th birthday with the R.J. Phillips Band. Questions, comments or suggestions welcome, and to find out how you can be a part of Labor History Today, email us at LaborHistoryToday@gmail.com Labor History Today is produced by Union City Radio and the Kalmanovitz Initiative for Labor and the Working Poor. Produced & engineered by Chris Garlock and Patrick Dixon.   Which Side Are You On-Pete Seeger https://youtu.be/5iAIM02kv0g Solidarity Forever-Pete Seeger https://youtu.be/pCnEAH5wCzo Troubadour (Tribute to Pete Seeger)-R.J. Phillips Band https://soundcloud.com/hillipsand/troubadour-tribute-to-pete-seeger Our Daily Worker/Our Daily Lives Brown Bag: http://catalog.lib.msu.edu/search~S39?/Your+daily+work+our+daily+lives&searchscope=39&SORT=D/Your+daily+work+our+daily+lives&searchscope=39&SORT=D&SUBKEY=our+daily+work+our+daily+lives/101%2C206%2C206%2CB/browse

Cette semaine à Histoire de passer le temps, Edith Champagne nous fait un survol de l’histoire de la Croix-Rouge, David Girard nous présente le massacre du Haymarket Square à Chicago en 1886, puis Mathieu Cordeau nous parle de la première banque d'investissement du monde, le Crédit mobilier, et ses fondateurs, les Frères Pereire.

Cette semaine à Histoire de passer le temps, Edith Champagne nous fait un survol de l’histoire de la Croix-Rouge, David Girard nous présente le massacre du Haymarket Square à Chicago en 1886, puis Mathieu Cordeau nous parle de la première banque d'investissement du monde, le Crédit mobilier, et ses fondateurs, les Frères Pereire.

Welcome back to The Emancipation Podcast Station - the place to hear about history researched and retold through the eyes of Middle school and HS students. Last time on the show…   Today we discuss the causes of the Civil War. Let’s dive in.   Introduction to the Gilded Age Why was it called the Gilded Age? And Who coined the term.   Hunter- The gilded age in American was the late 19th century, from 1870 to about 1900. The name of this point in time was used in the early 20th century, and was derived from writer Mark Twain’s 1873 novel the Gilded Age: A Tale Of Today, which started an era of social problems covered by a thin gold gilding. Skylar - The Gilded Age began in 1865 and Ended in 1898. The gilded age was a time where everyone was focused on the development of the United states, mainly industrial type things. The Gilded age didn’t mean the golden age but more of a cover, like everything is perfect but really it’s not. Ricky-Ricky-The Gilded Age was an age in the 1870s to the early 1900s it was a time of economic growth for American citizens and non-immigrants. In wages Rose from $380 from 1880 to $564 in 1890, a gain of 48%. The widespread industrialization led to a real wage growth of 60% in between 1860 and 1890. - Blake (gabe)- The Gilded age was a time period in which hard times fell on the american and immigrant people.   Gabe - The Gilded age was a time where americans economy went good and bad in a way because industry grew but money not so much.     - Ethan - The Gilded Age was the time that America began to revolutionize their industrial world. Mark Twain coined the term “Gilded Age” which meant the time seemed pretty good but was truly miserable. Someone who profited from the Gilded Age was John D. Rockefeller, who was the founder of oil. Oil was just 1 of the “titans of industry” which were steel, banking, and oil. The miserable part would probably be that they got their money mostly through corruption. Ben- And with every urban explosion there were poor people, in apartments without heating or even light, it was 5 cents a night, which doesn’t sound like much, but they were poor and money was different then it is now. They had to fit as many people as possible to get the most out of the room too.   The Gilded Age and the Second Industrial Revolution Name one invention that came out of the Second Industrial Revolution. Hunter- The Second Industrial Revolution, also known as the Technological Revolution, was a time of quick industrialization in the last third of the 19th century, and the beginning of the 20th. Some of the inventions are of the following the swiss army knife, barbed wire, dynamite, and the motorcycle. Oh and some of my personal favorites are the Maxim Machine Gun, and the colt .45 M-1911. Skylar - The Second Industrial Revolution went on in the same time as the Gilded Age. This was time for mass production of things, as well as communicating about business tractions, materials, all that weren’t existing before. The Bessemer Process was a big deal in this time, it made steel easy and quicker to produce, so trains became more of a option for transporting things before. During this time the US had more railroads than all of Europe combined. Ricky- As everyone said the Second Industrial Revolution was basically a time when a bunch of new inventions were made that revolutionized the industrial system like as Skylar said it made steel a lot easier to produce creating easier ways to create a railroad system. A lot of inventions like petroleum gas, electrification was a big thing, Machine Tools like drills and saws, chemical tools like ammonia, and chlorine, rubber, bicycles, the invention of automobiles, some fertilizers, telephones, and a lot of scientific knowledge, as well as the making of new weapons as Hunter said like the Colt 45 M119 pistol, the Thompson submachine gun which shoots 45. ACP rounds which is famously said to be used by high-ranking gangsters, the M1 Garand which is a 30 caliber round.                                                                        4. Gabe - as Hunter and Ricky said we Developed a lot of technology in the gilded ages second industrial revolution. But railroads helped increase income and production because we used them for transportation shipping goods all across america.   - Blake(ben) - As everyone has said previously this was a big time for the early United States which revolutionized building and processing for wealthy businessman looking to get a start in the material industry. - Ethan - The Second Industrial Revolution took place in 1870-1914. Some say it went up to the start of World War 1. This Revolution was also known as the Technological Revolution. During this revolution things like the telephone and electricity were made. This revolution wasn’t just in America, but in Britain and Germany. Lesser known countries were France, Italy, and Japan. - Ben - After the first industrial revolution they had all these new things so they refined it and made it better.   Social Darwinism in the Gilded Age What is Social Darwinism and do you think there is any truth in it? Skylar - Social Darwinism is just basically seeing what people are on the outside. Social Darwinism says that the poor have less worth that a higher class rich person. It’s judging people for what’s on the outside and your social class rather than judging someone for what’s on the inside like being kind. Acting like a snob means you have more worth to someone who believes in Social Darwinism, when in reality they are worth less for judging people just by how much money they have, or how they look. Ricky-- Social Darwinism is the idea and belief that it is survival of the fittest. It stole the term from Darwinism evolution and plastered itself all over politics as social Darwinism. Gabe - Social Darwinism started in the gilded age because people started applying his idea that the strong rule the weak to people in there life and so on. - Blake(hunter) - Do I seriously have to do this one? Oh boy. Social Darwinism was a terrible thing it basically said that white people are better than others and that humans evolved from apes. - Ethan - Social Darwinism, in more proper terms, was seeing natural selection in the people around us. Anyone that considered themselves a Social Darwinist did not go by any such term. The term Darwinism wasn’t really used much except by people that were opposed to it. Ben- It got the term Darwinism because Charles Darwin studied evolution, so since people believed in survival of the fittest, like the theory of evolution, the called it darwinism. America moves to the city Why did most of America start moving to cities and leaving farms? Skylar - In 1790 nearly everyone lived in the country or on a farm. Due to The Second Industrial Revolution, growing population, and new machinery the United States needed more room to expand into the countryside to make big cities for railroads and new jobs. By 1920 only 28% of people lived in rural areas and the majority lived in the larger cities. Ricky- -a majority of people lived in rural areas than in urban areas, but then suddenly 11 million people migrated from rural areas to urban areas along with 25 million immigrants pouring in to the country.   Gabe - Another thing that happened which was people started urbanizing living in urban places it started in the 1800s and it made its ascent from there until 1920s where more people lived in urban areas then actual rural areas. And here is a quote from thomas jefferson who said “once we start piling upon one another in large cities  as in europe   We will become as corrupt as europe”.   - Blake(hunters) - America began to enter industrialization and because of this more people moved to bigger cities to find work and be prosperous. - Ethan - In 1920 more Americans lived in cities than on farms. This was kind of the transition between farm life and the urban living of today. In 1890 28% of the population lived in urban environment. - Ben - It started all the mass population you see in the popular urban cities around the world today. People were obsessed with industrial industry and thought it would be more profitable to move to cities. The Knights of Labor   What were the Knights of Labor and what do you think about them? Good or bad? 1.Hunter- The K of L, officially Noble the Holy order of the Knights of Labor, Was the largest and one of the most important American labor organizations 1880. It’s most important leaders were Terence V. Powderly and step-brother Joseph bath. The Knights promoted the working man, rejected socialism and anarchism, demanded the eight-hour day, and promoted the producersethic of republicanism. The Knights of Labor was a union founded in 1869. They promoted 8 hour work days and wanted to end child labor. It was mostly white men in this union, but immigrants, african americans, as well as women were welcome to be members. By 1886 the Knights of Labor had over 700,000 members and supporters. Ricky-- The Knights of Labor had officially crashed and disbanded near 1886 following the Haymarket Square riot. The American Federation of Labor (AFL) was growing at the time which then eventually took over. Gabe - So the knights of labor were a group who promoted like skylar said 8 hour work days and were in a union which aloud individual industrial workers to go on strike if they were not paid well or treated correctly. Another thing is that the person who started protesting 8 hour work day was also the one of the founders of socialism Ben- The skilled and simple workers of the country together to promote a safe and healthy work schedule and environment, there were people like this in the past but not as influential as the knights. - Ethan - They basically told the working class they had to work 8 hours a day and they rejected any possible anarchy or socialism. They were founded by Uriah Stephens and by 1884 had 100000 members. - Blake - Unions were a group of workers organizing to gain better wages, less hours and more employee benefits. The Populists What was the Populists agenda? Did they succeed? Skylar - The people who were called populists were an agrarian-based movement trying to better the conditions for the farmers and agrarian workers of the United States. In 1876 the farmers alliance was made to help end the crop-lien system that put many farmers into poverty, this movement began in Texas. The crop-lien system operated in the south were cotton was grown. Any sharecroppers, tenant farmers, black, and white people who didn’t own the land that they worked, would have to take out loans to be able to purchase supplies had to pay back their loans with cotton. Ricky- in 1892 a homestead strike broke out in the carnegie steel company steel works. Which caused a gun fight between unionized workers and a group of hired men to break the strike. The workers lost. Gabe - the populists were a Group of people who wanted to help farmers and help  those people that were not and industrial worker someone who farmer worked off his land but didn't make much because of the industrial work Ben- After the end of slavery the farmers had a hard time making as making as much money as before, they now had to actually hire workers and even if they hired that costed a lot of money and they still wouldn’t have as many people as before. - Ethan - A.K.A the People’s Party or Populist Party. Their goal was to improve life for farmer-like workers and they were disbanded very quickly. - Blake - (Hunter’s) Money was a troubling problem for the farming south so farmers supported a new party called the Populists Party who supported the farming economy. 7.Hunter- the Populists were an agrarian-based  political movement. The South after the Civil War What happened to the farming economy, why? Skylar - The period of Reconstruction lasted from 1865 to 1877. During this time 3 newly adopted amendments were passed, the Thirteenth Amendment to end slavery, the Fourteenth Amendment that promised the African Americans the right to have citizenship in The United States Of America, and the Fifteenth Amendment that guaranteed black men the right to vote. Ricky- Everything was topsy turny for the south, because their “country” was destroyed and their social system was wrecked and they had extreme hate from the north.   Gabe - The South crashed economically because they were built on selling tobacco and cotton  and since the prices dropped the south was economically destroyed.   Ben- Just because slavery ended doesn’t mean racism did, some is still here today, and people are doing things about it. But the end of slavery was pretty cool. Allowing people of color to now vote and be American citizens. Some of the industry based on slavery like farming and other labor tasks sort of crashed since they now had to hire workers and pay them. - Ethan - As we have said the discrimination did not end but the South did not truly let things go. The economy changed drastically since slaves were gone. - Blake - Well we still had some problems even after the war as even though we passed laws to stop discrimination against African Americans the south was able to pass laws that would stop them from doing things such as voting we’ll talk about these laws later. Life after slavery for African Americans What happened to racism, did it get better or worse? Why do you think that Skylar - When the civil war was over life got a lot better for the people living in the United States. African Americans became free in 1865 and was put into the Amendments as the 13th amendment. Which made a huge difference in everyone’s lives, especially the cotton plantation owners in the south because they would no longer have free labor. Ricky- life for African Americans, as Skylar said, “got a lot better”. After the emancipation proclamation/13th amendment African Americans worked on railroads, owned shops, and even got to vote (black men).   African americans became as the same as any white person there was no “an african american person couldn't do this because blank” anymore. There was a african american named george washington carver who made 300 different products from peanuts. Another named Booker T Washington started a University.   Ben - There were still some restrictions on what they could do though, they still couldn’t testify against white people, serve in a jury, or serve in some state militias. - Ethan - All their bad treatment didn’t completely disappear because the idea of slavery was still fresh in people’s minds so while they weren’t whipped as slaves anymore, they still were discriminated. - Blake - Just like I said before this wasn’t a good time for African Americans even though we had passed anti-discrimination laws southern states were still able to get around these laws. The Compromise of 1877 Why did the compromise have to happen? What was the final factor that gave Hayes his victory. What was the main deal in the Compromise? Skylar - The Compromise of 1877 was put into place to resolve a Presidential election that took place a year before. There was a dispute between the democrat Samuel Tilden and republican Rutherford Hayes. This dispute was obviously over who was going to become the next President of the US. Samuel J. Tilden won with 247,448 votes, but votes in 3 states were being disputed. These states were in the South and were, Florida, Louisiana, as well as South Carolina. This lasted 4 months then this compromise was put into place. Ricky-ricky-The compromise was put in place because of a dispute because Samuel J. Tilden won the popular vote, but Rutherford B Hayes won the electoral vote. So the Democrats agreed that he would be president in exchange for the withdrawal of federal troops from the South also granting of home rule in the south.   Basically the exchange in this compromise was that Rutherford B Hayes would become President and the south would get home rule and federal troops with withdraw from the south   - Ethan - The compromise was seemingly a president in exchange troop withdrawal.   Ben- With most debates the best option is a compromise, it will make both sides an equal amount of happy or sad. And with the destruction of the souths economy everyone was reconstructing their businesses.   - Blake - The compromise of 1877 was basically meant as a tiebreaker for the previous presidential election which had also affected African Americans Jim Crow The origins of Jim Crow - introduction Origins of Jim Crow - the Black Codes and Reconstruction Origins of Jim Crow - the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments Origins of Jim Crow - Compromise of 1877 and Plessy v. Ferguson What are the Jim Crow Laws and what did they encompass, why did people think there was a need to put those laws into place? Skylar - Jim Crow laws were racist laws. Saying for example, this bathroom is for blacks and this is a special one for whites. Jim Crow laws were really popular in the South from the 1870 through the 1960. Nearly 100 years. Most schools, restaurants, bathrooms, buses, stores, ect. Were using these laws to keep African Americans out of their places of business. If a black man had a business that was making good money some nieve white men would burn their homes/shops down because they were jealous. If a white and black person were together they’d hang the black person in the middle of town which is so crazy. Ricky- a Jim Crow was a stock character, used for getting a point across to the General Public, a Jim Crow was used in Minstrel shows as a means of communication to people who did not know how to read. And now it's where we go into extremely racist territory, hm Crow was a white person who put whatever black stuff all over their face to look like a black person and to act like a black person for the plays that they had of the book Uncle Tom's Cabin - Ethan - These laws enforced racial segregation. Like saying that they were equal but separated. Jim Crow was also a character used in some plays which was an ethnic depiction of the white man's idea of a black person. Ben- Ending slavery didn’t end racism that’s for sure, I’d say only 80% of the laws making slaves free were really only 80% freedom. It just shows how people have socially adapted and even though there are still bad things happening today, it’s a lot better than before. - Blake - So y’all basically covered everything and give me crap for writing about something already used so i’ll just be going over the basics. Jim Crowe was a derogatory term used to describe African Americans it was also used as a name for a set of laws set by white people to legally segregate. That’s all we have time for today. Thanks for joining us in this emancipation from the box, that is learning.

Welcome back to The Emancipation Podcast Station - the place to hear about history researched and retold through the eyes of Middle school and HS students. Last time on the show…   Today we discuss the causes of the Civil War. Let’s dive in.   Introduction to the Gilded Age Why was it called the Gilded Age? And Who coined the term.   Hunter- The gilded age in American was the late 19th century, from 1870 to about 1900. The name of this point in time was used in the early 20th century, and was derived from writer Mark Twain’s 1873 novel the Gilded Age: A Tale Of Today, which started an era of social problems covered by a thin gold gilding. Skylar - The Gilded Age began in 1865 and Ended in 1898. The gilded age was a time where everyone was focused on the development of the United states, mainly industrial type things. The Gilded age didn’t mean the golden age but more of a cover, like everything is perfect but really it’s not. Ricky-Ricky-The Gilded Age was an age in the 1870s to the early 1900s it was a time of economic growth for American citizens and non-immigrants. In wages Rose from $380 from 1880 to $564 in 1890, a gain of 48%. The widespread industrialization led to a real wage growth of 60% in between 1860 and 1890. - Blake (gabe)- The Gilded age was a time period in which hard times fell on the american and immigrant people.   Gabe - The Gilded age was a time where americans economy went good and bad in a way because industry grew but money not so much.     - Ethan - The Gilded Age was the time that America began to revolutionize their industrial world. Mark Twain coined the term “Gilded Age” which meant the time seemed pretty good but was truly miserable. Someone who profited from the Gilded Age was John D. Rockefeller, who was the founder of oil. Oil was just 1 of the “titans of industry” which were steel, banking, and oil. The miserable part would probably be that they got their money mostly through corruption. Ben- And with every urban explosion there were poor people, in apartments without heating or even light, it was 5 cents a night, which doesn’t sound like much, but they were poor and money was different then it is now. They had to fit as many people as possible to get the most out of the room too.   The Gilded Age and the Second Industrial Revolution Name one invention that came out of the Second Industrial Revolution. Hunter- The Second Industrial Revolution, also known as the Technological Revolution, was a time of quick industrialization in the last third of the 19th century, and the beginning of the 20th. Some of the inventions are of the following the swiss army knife, barbed wire, dynamite, and the motorcycle. Oh and some of my personal favorites are the Maxim Machine Gun, and the colt .45 M-1911. Skylar - The Second Industrial Revolution went on in the same time as the Gilded Age. This was time for mass production of things, as well as communicating about business tractions, materials, all that weren’t existing before. The Bessemer Process was a big deal in this time, it made steel easy and quicker to produce, so trains became more of a option for transporting things before. During this time the US had more railroads than all of Europe combined. Ricky- As everyone said the Second Industrial Revolution was basically a time when a bunch of new inventions were made that revolutionized the industrial system like as Skylar said it made steel a lot easier to produce creating easier ways to create a railroad system. A lot of inventions like petroleum gas, electrification was a big thing, Machine Tools like drills and saws, chemical tools like ammonia, and chlorine, rubber, bicycles, the invention of automobiles, some fertilizers, telephones, and a lot of scientific knowledge, as well as the making of new weapons as Hunter said like the Colt 45 M119 pistol, the Thompson submachine gun which shoots 45. ACP rounds which is famously said to be used by high-ranking gangsters, the M1 Garand which is a 30 caliber round.                                                                        4. Gabe - as Hunter and Ricky said we Developed a lot of technology in the gilded ages second industrial revolution. But railroads helped increase income and production because we used them for transportation shipping goods all across america.   - Blake(ben) - As everyone has said previously this was a big time for the early United States which revolutionized building and processing for wealthy businessman looking to get a start in the material industry. - Ethan - The Second Industrial Revolution took place in 1870-1914. Some say it went up to the start of World War 1. This Revolution was also known as the Technological Revolution. During this revolution things like the telephone and electricity were made. This revolution wasn’t just in America, but in Britain and Germany. Lesser known countries were France, Italy, and Japan. - Ben - After the first industrial revolution they had all these new things so they refined it and made it better.   Social Darwinism in the Gilded Age What is Social Darwinism and do you think there is any truth in it? Skylar - Social Darwinism is just basically seeing what people are on the outside. Social Darwinism says that the poor have less worth that a higher class rich person. It’s judging people for what’s on the outside and your social class rather than judging someone for what’s on the inside like being kind. Acting like a snob means you have more worth to someone who believes in Social Darwinism, when in reality they are worth less for judging people just by how much money they have, or how they look. Ricky-- Social Darwinism is the idea and belief that it is survival of the fittest. It stole the term from Darwinism evolution and plastered itself all over politics as social Darwinism. Gabe - Social Darwinism started in the gilded age because people started applying his idea that the strong rule the weak to people in there life and so on. - Blake(hunter) - Do I seriously have to do this one? Oh boy. Social Darwinism was a terrible thing it basically said that white people are better than others and that humans evolved from apes. - Ethan - Social Darwinism, in more proper terms, was seeing natural selection in the people around us. Anyone that considered themselves a Social Darwinist did not go by any such term. The term Darwinism wasn’t really used much except by people that were opposed to it. Ben- It got the term Darwinism because Charles Darwin studied evolution, so since people believed in survival of the fittest, like the theory of evolution, the called it darwinism. America moves to the city Why did most of America start moving to cities and leaving farms? Skylar - In 1790 nearly everyone lived in the country or on a farm. Due to The Second Industrial Revolution, growing population, and new machinery the United States needed more room to expand into the countryside to make big cities for railroads and new jobs. By 1920 only 28% of people lived in rural areas and the majority lived in the larger cities. Ricky- -a majority of people lived in rural areas than in urban areas, but then suddenly 11 million people migrated from rural areas to urban areas along with 25 million immigrants pouring in to the country.   Gabe - Another thing that happened which was people started urbanizing living in urban places it started in the 1800s and it made its ascent from there until 1920s where more people lived in urban areas then actual rural areas. And here is a quote from thomas jefferson who said “once we start piling upon one another in large cities  as in europe   We will become as corrupt as europe”.   - Blake(hunters) - America began to enter industrialization and because of this more people moved to bigger cities to find work and be prosperous. - Ethan - In 1920 more Americans lived in cities than on farms. This was kind of the transition between farm life and the urban living of today. In 1890 28% of the population lived in urban environment. - Ben - It started all the mass population you see in the popular urban cities around the world today. People were obsessed with industrial industry and thought it would be more profitable to move to cities. The Knights of Labor   What were the Knights of Labor and what do you think about them? Good or bad? 1.Hunter- The K of L, officially Noble the Holy order of the Knights of Labor, Was the largest and one of the most important American labor organizations 1880. It’s most important leaders were Terence V. Powderly and step-brother Joseph bath. The Knights promoted the working man, rejected socialism and anarchism, demanded the eight-hour day, and promoted the producersethic of republicanism. The Knights of Labor was a union founded in 1869. They promoted 8 hour work days and wanted to end child labor. It was mostly white men in this union, but immigrants, african americans, as well as women were welcome to be members. By 1886 the Knights of Labor had over 700,000 members and supporters. Ricky-- The Knights of Labor had officially crashed and disbanded near 1886 following the Haymarket Square riot. The American Federation of Labor (AFL) was growing at the time which then eventually took over. Gabe - So the knights of labor were a group who promoted like skylar said 8 hour work days and were in a union which aloud individual industrial workers to go on strike if they were not paid well or treated correctly. Another thing is that the person who started protesting 8 hour work day was also the one of the founders of socialism Ben- The skilled and simple workers of the country together to promote a safe and healthy work schedule and environment, there were people like this in the past but not as influential as the knights. - Ethan - They basically told the working class they had to work 8 hours a day and they rejected any possible anarchy or socialism. They were founded by Uriah Stephens and by 1884 had 100000 members. - Blake - Unions were a group of workers organizing to gain better wages, less hours and more employee benefits. The Populists What was the Populists agenda? Did they succeed? Skylar - The people who were called populists were an agrarian-based movement trying to better the conditions for the farmers and agrarian workers of the United States. In 1876 the farmers alliance was made to help end the crop-lien system that put many farmers into poverty, this movement began in Texas. The crop-lien system operated in the south were cotton was grown. Any sharecroppers, tenant farmers, black, and white people who didn’t own the land that they worked, would have to take out loans to be able to purchase supplies had to pay back their loans with cotton. Ricky- in 1892 a homestead strike broke out in the carnegie steel company steel works. Which caused a gun fight between unionized workers and a group of hired men to break the strike. The workers lost. Gabe - the populists were a Group of people who wanted to help farmers and help  those people that were not and industrial worker someone who farmer worked off his land but didn't make much because of the industrial work Ben- After the end of slavery the farmers had a hard time making as making as much money as before, they now had to actually hire workers and even if they hired that costed a lot of money and they still wouldn’t have as many people as before. - Ethan - A.K.A the People’s Party or Populist Party. Their goal was to improve life for farmer-like workers and they were disbanded very quickly. - Blake - (Hunter’s) Money was a troubling problem for the farming south so farmers supported a new party called the Populists Party who supported the farming economy. 7.Hunter- the Populists were an agrarian-based  political movement. The South after the Civil War What happened to the farming economy, why? Skylar - The period of Reconstruction lasted from 1865 to 1877. During this time 3 newly adopted amendments were passed, the Thirteenth Amendment to end slavery, the Fourteenth Amendment that promised the African Americans the right to have citizenship in The United States Of America, and the Fifteenth Amendment that guaranteed black men the right to vote. Ricky- Everything was topsy turny for the south, because their “country” was destroyed and their social system was wrecked and they had extreme hate from the north.   Gabe - The South crashed economically because they were built on selling tobacco and cotton  and since the prices dropped the south was economically destroyed.   Ben- Just because slavery ended doesn’t mean racism did, some is still here today, and people are doing things about it. But the end of slavery was pretty cool. Allowing people of color to now vote and be American citizens. Some of the industry based on slavery like farming and other labor tasks sort of crashed since they now had to hire workers and pay them. - Ethan - As we have said the discrimination did not end but the South did not truly let things go. The economy changed drastically since slaves were gone. - Blake - Well we still had some problems even after the war as even though we passed laws to stop discrimination against African Americans the south was able to pass laws that would stop them from doing things such as voting we’ll talk about these laws later. Life after slavery for African Americans What happened to racism, did it get better or worse? Why do you think that Skylar - When the civil war was over life got a lot better for the people living in the United States. African Americans became free in 1865 and was put into the Amendments as the 13th amendment. Which made a huge difference in everyone’s lives, especially the cotton plantation owners in the south because they would no longer have free labor. Ricky- life for African Americans, as Skylar said, “got a lot better”. After the emancipation proclamation/13th amendment African Americans worked on railroads, owned shops, and even got to vote (black men).   African americans became as the same as any white person there was no “an african american person couldn't do this because blank” anymore. There was a african american named george washington carver who made 300 different products from peanuts. Another named Booker T Washington started a University.   Ben - There were still some restrictions on what they could do though, they still couldn’t testify against white people, serve in a jury, or serve in some state militias. - Ethan - All their bad treatment didn’t completely disappear because the idea of slavery was still fresh in people’s minds so while they weren’t whipped as slaves anymore, they still were discriminated. - Blake - Just like I said before this wasn’t a good time for African Americans even though we had passed anti-discrimination laws southern states were still able to get around these laws. The Compromise of 1877 Why did the compromise have to happen? What was the final factor that gave Hayes his victory. What was the main deal in the Compromise? Skylar - The Compromise of 1877 was put into place to resolve a Presidential election that took place a year before. There was a dispute between the democrat Samuel Tilden and republican Rutherford Hayes. This dispute was obviously over who was going to become the next President of the US. Samuel J. Tilden won with 247,448 votes, but votes in 3 states were being disputed. These states were in the South and were, Florida, Louisiana, as well as South Carolina. This lasted 4 months then this compromise was put into place. Ricky-ricky-The compromise was put in place because of a dispute because Samuel J. Tilden won the popular vote, but Rutherford B Hayes won the electoral vote. So the Democrats agreed that he would be president in exchange for the withdrawal of federal troops from the South also granting of home rule in the south.   Basically the exchange in this compromise was that Rutherford B Hayes would become President and the south would get home rule and federal troops with withdraw from the south   - Ethan - The compromise was seemingly a president in exchange troop withdrawal.   Ben- With most debates the best option is a compromise, it will make both sides an equal amount of happy or sad. And with the destruction of the souths economy everyone was reconstructing their businesses.   - Blake - The compromise of 1877 was basically meant as a tiebreaker for the previous presidential election which had also affected African Americans Jim Crow The origins of Jim Crow - introduction Origins of Jim Crow - the Black Codes and Reconstruction Origins of Jim Crow - the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments Origins of Jim Crow - Compromise of 1877 and Plessy v. Ferguson What are the Jim Crow Laws and what did they encompass, why did people think there was a need to put those laws into place? Skylar - Jim Crow laws were racist laws. Saying for example, this bathroom is for blacks and this is a special one for whites. Jim Crow laws were really popular in the South from the 1870 through the 1960. Nearly 100 years. Most schools, restaurants, bathrooms, buses, stores, ect. Were using these laws to keep African Americans out of their places of business. If a black man had a business that was making good money some nieve white men would burn their homes/shops down because they were jealous. If a white and black person were together they’d hang the black person in the middle of town which is so crazy. Ricky- a Jim Crow was a stock character, used for getting a point across to the General Public, a Jim Crow was used in Minstrel shows as a means of communication to people who did not know how to read. And now it's where we go into extremely racist territory, hm Crow was a white person who put whatever black stuff all over their face to look like a black person and to act like a black person for the plays that they had of the book Uncle Tom's Cabin - Ethan - These laws enforced racial segregation. Like saying that they were equal but separated. Jim Crow was also a character used in some plays which was an ethnic depiction of the white man's idea of a black person. Ben- Ending slavery didn’t end racism that’s for sure, I’d say only 80% of the laws making slaves free were really only 80% freedom. It just shows how people have socially adapted and even though there are still bad things happening today, it’s a lot better than before. - Blake - So y’all basically covered everything and give me crap for writing about something already used so i’ll just be going over the basics. Jim Crowe was a derogatory term used to describe African Americans it was also used as a name for a set of laws set by white people to legally segregate. That’s all we have time for today. Thanks for joining us in this emancipation from the box, that is learning.

In this special May Day segment of Rustbelt Abolition Radio, we speak with acclaimed scholar Robin D.G. Kelley to explore the critique of racial capitalism, the history of class struggle across the color line, and the abolitionist horizon. We release this episode on May Day, or International Workers Day, celebrated annually by millions across the world in commemoration of the 1886 Haymarket Square massacre and the ongoing global struggle for a world without capitalist exploitation and racial domination. Robin D.G. Kelley is a professor and Gary B. Nash Endowed Chair in U.S. History at UCLA. Kelley’s intellectual work spans the far reaching histories of the black freedom movement, African American history, culture, music, and aesthetics, and the politics of the black radical imagination. His books include Africa Speaks, America Answers!: Modern Jazz in Revolutionary Times and Freedom Dreams: The Black Radical Imagination, among many others.

A bomb explodes the labor movement.

May 22, 2014 at the Boston Athenæum. Although historic Boston has a reputation as one of the best-preserved cities in America, it has always been a subject to the constant change of any busy commercial center. Lecturer and historian Anthony Sammarco, author of some sixty books on the history and development of Boston, will reveal sixty- eight major Boston locations that are no more, including schools, churches, theaters, grand mansions, dockyards, racetracks, parks, stores, hotels, offices, and factories. Organized chronologically, Sammarco’s lecture will features much-loved institutions that failed to stand the test of time, victims of Boston’s redevelopment era, and old-fashioned hotels and sports facilities that once seemed beyond updating or refurbishment. Vanished landmarks on this virtual tour include Franklin Place, the Cathedral of the Holy Cross, the Hancock House, Gleason’s Publishing Hall, Fort Hill, Franklin Street, the Boston Coliseum, Boylston Market, the Merchants Exchange, Haymarket Square, earlier homes of the Boston Public Library, Boston City Hall, Horticultural Hall, Boston Latin School, and the Museum of Fine Arts, the once celebrated Revere House hotel, Huntington Avenue Grounds, Charlestown City Hall, the Cyclorama, Readville Trotting Park and Race Track, East Boston Airport, East Boston Ferries, Braves Field, Massachusetts State Prison, the original Boston Opera House, the Boston Aquarium, the beloved Howard Athenaeum of old Scollay Square, and Dudley Street Station.

"Workers shouldn't strike and go out and starve, but strike and remain in, and take possession, said Lucy Parsons. Lucy Parsons was of Mexican American, African American, and Native american descent. Born into slavery, a feminist, anarchist, and a leading labor activist, she was an intersectional thinker a century before the term was coined. Parson's work after emancipation led her directly into conflict with the Ku Klux Klan and into a lifelong partnership with radical typographer and organizer Albert Parsons. She never ceased advocating for racial, gender, and labor justice, all at once -- and she's part of the movement that won us the 8-hour day. Parson's husband, Albert, was one of the orators in Chicago who attracted thousands to a rally near Haymarket Square in 1886 on behalf of worker rights. After police charged the crowd, and a stick of dynamite was thrown, he was one of those arrested and later hanged. Lucy, it was, who led the campaign to exonerate the so-called "Haymarket Martyrs", and then she carried on their work. Leading poor women into rich neighborhoods to confront the rich on their doorsteps, challenging politicians at public meetings and marching on picket lines. She was the only woman of color, and one of only two women delegates - the other being Mother Jones - among the 200 men at the founding convention of the IWW, the militant Industrial Workers of the World. There, she was the only woman to give a speech. She called women the "slaves of slaves" and urged the IWW to fight for equality and charge underpaid women a lower rate for union fees. She also called for the use of nonviolence and "occupation" of the means of production. You can see her principles in the sit-down strikes of the 1930s in Detroit, the Civil Rights Movement of the 50s and 60s, and the Occupy movement of today. Parsons died in 1942 in a house fire at the age of 89, but in the celebration of May Day her work endures. Long may her intersectional spirit live."

Transcontinental Railroad, Carnegie (Vertical Integration), Rockefeller (horizontal integration), Gospel of Wealth, Social Darwinism, Sherman Antitrust Act, "New South", National Labor Union, Knights of Labor, Haymarket Square, American Federation of Labor

Ross Altman May Day is the international worker's holiday, dating back to 1886 and the Haymarket Square strike in Chicago. This May Day, Skylight Books welcomes LA labor troubadour Ross Altman to lead a program of sing along labor songs, with a little history behind the songs, for t...hose who want to carry on the tradition of Joe Hill, the IWW and Woody Guthrie—now in his Centennial year. This is the closing activity in Skylight's show of support for worker's rights and a fair economy this May 1st - check out skylightbooks.com for updates in the next week to see how you can participate. Ross will tell the story of how May Day came to be and teach some of the classic labor songs going back to coal miner struggles in Harlan County, Kentucky and West Virginia, auto workers in Flint, Michigan, mill workers in Lawrence, Massachusetts that gave rise to the Bread and Roses strike of 1912, now in its Centennial, and the Southern Tenant Farmers' Union. Learn about the anthem of American labor, Solidarity Forever, the Internationale, Joe Hill, and more. Ross will have you singing these picket line classics in no time at all. Ross is a member of Local 47 of the Professional Musicians' Union—AFL-CIO and writes for FolkWorks (www.folkworks.org). He recently performed in the Grammy Museum tribute to the legendary Ash Grove folk music club. THIS EVENT WAS RECORDED LIVE AT SKYLIGHT BOOKS MAY 1, 2012.