Forestcast

Fire is a form all of its own, but a simple way to understand fire is as a swarm. A swarm of bees. Or starlings. Or mosquitos. A spreading fire is a swarm of ignitions, a series of small fires over and over.  Season 4 of Forestcast is a series of fires, a series of voices. It's a 360-degree view of fire from a scientific standpoint. The story of how fire research shapes our landscapes, and our lives. Through kaleidoscoping voices from across the country, listeners will be taken inside the largest forest research organization in the world to hear from seventeen scientists on what they know, and don't know, about one of the most complex elements in nature—fire. In episode one, hear from research mechanical engineer, Sara McAllister, on the process of ignition; spatial fire analyst, Greg Dillon, on the timeline of fire management and research in the Forest Service; and research forester, Dan Dey, on the history of fire: where it was, where it's been, and what can be done knowing its history? Related Research: Understanding Wildfire as a Dynamic System: A New Comprehensive Book on Wildland Fire Behavior (2023) New In-flame Flammability Testing Method Applied to Monitor Seasonal Changes in Live Fuel(2023) The Wildfire Crisis Strategy: How it Started, How it's Going, and How RMRS Science Contributes (2023) Prescribed Fire for Upland Oaks (2023) Fire in Eastern Oak Forests—A Primer (2022) The North American Tree-Ring Fire-Scar Network (2022) Scientists: Sara McAllister, Research Mech. Engineer, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, Montana Greg Dillon, Spatial Fire Analyst, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, Montana Dan Dey, Research Forester, Northern Research Station, Columbia, Missouri Forestcast is an official USDA Forest Service podcast, and is produced by USDA Forest Service Research and Development. Want more information? Visit us at https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/products/multimedia/forestcast Questions or ideas for the show? Connect with Jon at jonathan.yales@usda.gov This episode, we used the following archival recordings: The Fires of 1910 [National Wildfire Coordinating Group] Forest Service Officials Testify on Wildfire Management [C-SPAN] The Greatest Good: A Forest Service Centennial Film [USDA Forest Service] 1950s Smokey the Bear P.S.A.s [USDA Forest Service] Suppression of Fires in Natl. Parks & Forests [C-SPAN] The MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour (1988-07-27) [AAPB] The MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour (1988-09-13) [AAPB] Harry Gisborne Oral History Project [U of Montana] Up In Flames: A History of Fire Fighting in the Forest [Forest History Society] Higgins Ridge [Montana PBS] Learning from the Experts: Richard Rothermel [Wildland Fire LLC] U.S. House of Representatives House Session (2009-03-26) [C-SPAN] The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer (2000-08-07) [AAPB] Wildfire Crisis Strategy 2022 [USDA Forest Service] President Biden Signs Bipartisan Infrastructure Bill [C-SPAN]

Once spanning nearly 6 million acres in Missouri's Ozarks, the shortleaf pine and oak woodland ecosystem has dwindled to 100,000 acres today. Along with the loss of this habitat, a bird—the brown-headed nuthatch—disappeared as well. However, after decades of woodland restoration, the brown-headed nuthatch has returned to Missouri—by plane. Over two summers in 2020 and 2021, a team of scientists successfully captured and flew 102 birds from Arkansas to Missouri, marking the bird's return to the state after being locally extinct since 1907. Weighing in at a mere one-third of an ounce, approximately the combined weight of a nickel and a quarter, the return of the brown-headed nuthatch is nevertheless a weighty event. Related Research: Effects of Pine-oak Woodland Restoration on Breeding Bird Densities in the Ozark-Ouachita Interior Highlands (2019) Site Occupancy of Brown-headed Nuthatches Varies with Habitat Restoration and Range-limit Context (2015) Resource Configuration and Abundance Affect Space use of a Cooperatively Breeding Resident Bird (2014) Scientists: Frank Thompson, Research Wildlife Biologist, Northern Research Station, Columbia, Missouri Jody Eberly, Wildlife Biologist/Fire Mgmt. Officer (Retired), Mark Twain National Forest, Rolla, Missouri Angelina Trombley, Wildlife Biologist, Mark Twain National Forest, Doniphan, Missouri We used the following recordings from the Macaulay Library at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology: ML180391131 (Milton Hobbs, Georgia, USA), ML225986 (Bob McGuire, Florida, USA) & ML unknown (Andrew Spencer, Florida, USA) Produced by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. Want more information? Visit us at www.fs.usda.gov/research/nrs/products/multimedia/podcasts Any questions? Connect with us on Twitter!

Cindi West has over 30 years of experience working across private industry, academia, and federal government in a variety of jobs to ensure sustainability of natural resources. In February 2021 she assumed the position of Director of the Northern Research Station and the Forest Products Lab. She has served in various leadership roles in the Forest Service, including as the Director of the Office of Sustainability & Climate Change, Associate Deputy Chief for R&D, Director for Resource Use Sciences, and Deputy Station Director for Pacific Northwest Research Station. Cindi holds a BS degree in Forestry Management, an MBA in Marketing and Management, and a PhD in Wood Science and Forest Products from Virginia Tech. As a research scientist, she published more than 60 papers and presented at more than 80 conferences on forest sector trade and industry development. Scientist: Cindi West, Station Director, Northern Research Station, Madison, Wisconsin If you're interested in hearing from more women in the Forest Service, visit the National Forest Service Library and their HerStory oral history project. Produced by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. Want more information? Visit us at www.nrs.fs.usda.gov/podcast/3/ Any ideas or questions? Connect with us on Twitter!

Maggie Hardy is the program manager of the Rocky Mountain Research Station Forest and Woodland Ecosystems Program, a group of scientists that develops and delivers scientific knowledge and management tools for sustaining and restoring the health, biodiversity, productivity, and ecosystem processes of forest and woodland landscapes. Before joining the Rocky Mountain Research Station, Maggie served as Chief Regulatory Scientist and as an Executive Director with the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority. In these roles, Maggie managed areas of policy; regulation and budget; provided strategic stakeholder engagement; and led integrated learning and development initiatives. In previous federal government roles, including with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, Ga., Maggie held broad responsibilities for program implementation and regulatory assurance, as well as emergency response and preparedness. Her career has focused on incorporating research in drug discovery, bioterrorism agents, vector-borne diseases, and foodborne, waterborne, and environmental diseases. Related Research: Engaging Rural Australian Communities in National Science Week Helps Increase Visibility for Women Researchers (2017) Moving Beyond Metrics: A Primer for Hiring and Promoting a Diverse Workforce in Entomology and Other Natural Sciences (2017) Create Ethics Codes to Curb Sex Abuse (2014) Spider-Venom Peptides: Structure, Pharmacology, and Potential for Control of Insect Pests (2013) Scientist: Maggie Hardy, Forest & Woodland Ecosystems Program Manager, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Flagstaff, Arizona If you're interested in hearing from more women in the Forest Service, visit the National Forest Service Library and their HerStory oral history project. Produced by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. Want more information? Visit us at www.nrs.fs.usda.gov/podcast/3/ Any ideas or questions? Connect with us on Twitter!

Research soil scientist Deb Page-Dumroese's research interests center around maintaining soil productivity during and after land management activities. As site principal investigator for several North American Long-Term Soil Productivity Study plots, Deb is well-versed in the pre- and post-treatment sampling necessary to determine changes in above- and below-ground nutrient properties associated with harvesting, organic matter removal, and biochar additions. In partnership with the Missoula Technology Development Center (Keith Windell) and Dr. Nate Anderson (RMRS) she developed a biochar spreader to easily distribute biochar on forest sites. Related Research: Biochar Basics: An A-to-Z Guide to Biochar Production, Use, and Benefits (2022) Forest Management and Biochar for Continued Ecosystem Services (2022) Development and Use of a Commercial-Scale Biochar Spreader (2016) Forest Soil Disturbance Monitoring Protocol: Volume II: Supplementary Methods, Statistics, and Data Collection (2009) Soil Physical Property Changes at the North American Long-Term Soil Productivity Study Sites: 1 and 5 Years After Compaction (2006) Scientist: Deb Page-Dumroese, Research Soil Scientist, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Moscow, Idaho If you're interested in hearing from more women in the Forest Service, visit the National Forest Service Library and their HerStory oral history project. Produced by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. Want more information? Visit us at www.nrs.fs.usda.gov/podcast/3/ Any ideas or questions? Connect with us on Twitter!

Research plant pathologist, Jenny Juzwik, conducts studies on diseases of trees that impact forest health and productivity. Her career-long interest and passion has been the study of interactions among microorganisms and insects associated with disease occurrence and development. One particular focus has been on the insects responsible for transmission of the oak wilt fungus, Bretziella fagacearum. In 2014 she completed research that involved elucidation of the major biotic determinants of hickory decline and investigation of the role(s) putative pathogens play in the complex. In 2010, she initiated 13 years of investigations of bark and ambrosia beetles associated with eastern black walnut in the Midwestern states and their potential as carriers of the Thousand Cankers Disease fungus, Geosmithia morbida, as well as other pathogenic fungi that may cause symptoms similar to those of thousand cankers disease. Related Research: Oak Wilt StoryMap: A Regional View of Oak Wilt and its Management (2022) Matching Causes with Symptoms: Research Improves Diagnosis of Declining Eastern Black Walnut (2020) Ambrosia Beetles and Bark-Colonizing Weevils Carry Thousand Cankers Disease Fungus (2016) Scientist: Jenny Juzwik, Research Plant Pathologist, Northern Research Station, St, Paul, Minnesota If you're interested in hearing from more women in the Forest Service, visit the National Forest Service Library and their HerStory oral history project. Produced by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. Want more information? Visit us at www.nrs.fs.usda.gov/podcast/3/ Any ideas or questions? Connect with us on Twitter!

Research social scientist, Lindsay Campbell, explores the dynamics of civic stewardship, environmental governance, and sustainability policymaking--with a particular emphasis on issues of social and environmental justice—all from New York City. She is a founding member of the New York City Urban Field Station, which was jointly created by the Northern Research Station and the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. The Urban Field Station develops and applies adaptive management and science to improve human well-being and the environment in urban metropolitan areas. She creates transdisciplinary spaces of collaboration between land managers, scientists, artists, and other practitioners. Related Research: Stewardship Mapping with National Forests to Support Equitable, Inclusive Partnerships (2022) Activating Urban Environments as Social Infrastructure Through Civic Stewardship (2021) Building Adaptive Capacity Through Civic Environmental Stewardship: Responding to COVID-19 Alongside Compounding and Concurrent Crises (2021) Forest Service Research Evaluates Public Response to Transformed Landfill (2016) Scientist: Lindsay Campbell, Research Social Scientist, Northern Research Station, New York, New York If you're interested in hearing from more women in the Forest Service, visit the National Forest Service Library and their HerStory oral history project. Produced by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. Want more information? Visit us at www.nrs.fs.usda.gov/podcast/3/ Any ideas or questions? Connect with us on Twitter!

Ecologist Sjana Schanning's fieldwork has taken her from the Rincon Mountains of Arizona, to the the winter woods of Wisconsin, to the summer shores of Michigan's Isle Royale. But, she's recently shifted away from the field towards data analysis, our cities' trees and the Urban FIA Program. Sjana collects field data and performs data analysis and reporting for the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Program. FIA data provides critical status and trend information to resource managers, policy makers, investors, and the public through a system of annual resource inventory that covers both public and private forest lands across the United States. Related Research: Modernized Forest Inventory Reports Provide Online, Interactive Storytelling with Data Visualization (2022) Urban FIA: Where We Have Been, Where We Are, and Where We Are Going (2015) Scientist: Sjana Schanning, Ecologist, Forest Inventory and Analysis, Northern Research Station, Hayward, Wisconsin If you're interested in hearing from more women in the Forest Service, visit the National Forest Service Library and their HerStory oral history project. Produced by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. Want more information? Visit us at www.nrs.fs.usda.gov/podcast/3/ Any ideas or questions? Connect with us on Twitter!

Ecologist Susannah Lerman walks us through her career and life, from falling in love with birds in Israel, to making something more of mowing, to hosting a motherhood workshop, to the mentors that enabled her to create a career out of science. Susannah's research goal is to improve the sustainability of urban and human-dominated landscapes for birds, bees and other wildlife, and advancing human well-being through strengthening connections between people and nearby nature. Related Research: Juggling Parenthood and Ornithology: A Full Lifecycle Approach to Supporting Mothers through the American Ornithological Society (2021) To Mow or to Mow Less: Lawn Mowing Frequency Affects Bee Abundance and Diversity in Suburban Yards (2018) Scientist: Susannah Lerman, Research Ecologist, Northern Research Station, Amherst, Massachusetts If you're interested in hearing from more women in the Forest Service, visit the National Forest Service Library and their HerStory oral history project. Produced by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. Want more information? Visit us at www.nrs.fs.usda.gov/podcast/3/ Any ideas or questions? Connect with us on Twitter!

Ecologist Chelcy Miniat shares watershed moments of her career and life, from a spark of science in sixth grade, to her time at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, to her decisions about if and when to have children. Chelcy is the program manager of the Rocky Mountain Research Station Maintaining Resilient Dryland Ecosystems (MRDE) program, a group of scientists that investigates the biology, use, management, and restoration of grasslands, shrublands, and deserts. Her own research is centered on developing a mechanistic understanding of watershed ecosystem function by studying how abiotic and biotic factors (species, environmental variables, disturbances) regulate carbon, nutrient, and water cycling processes. Related Research: The Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory and the Coweeta Long‐Term Ecological Research Project (2021) Scientist: Chelcy Miniat, Maintaining Resilient Dryland Ecosystems Program Manager, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Albuquerque, New Mexico If you're interested in hearing from more women in the Forest Service, visit the National Forest Service Library and their HerStory oral history project. Produced by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. Want more information? Visit us at www.nrs.fs.usda.gov/podcast/3/ Any ideas or questions? Connect with us on Twitter!

Ecologist Sara Brown takes us through eight chapters of her career and the 10 mentors that made her, from wildland firefighting, to smokejumping, to teaching in New Mexico, to directing the Missoula Fire Science Lab. Sara is a classically trained ecologist, with a focus on fire ecology. Before her return to the Forest Service in 2015, she was an Assistant Professor of Forestry at New Mexico Highlands University. She taught wildfire science and ecology courses, and enjoyed working on research problems in the field with students. Her applied research program provided graduate and undergraduate students with opportunities to work on questions relating to fire effects, fire intensity, fuel treatment effects and understanding fire history as it applies to reintroducing appropriate fire return intervals to a variety of ecosystems. Today, she is the Fire, Fuel & Smoke Program Manager at the Rocky Mountain Research Station in Missoula, Montana. Related Research: On the Need for Inclusivity and Diversity in the Wildland Fire Professions (2020) Diversity: Just Gender and Race... or a Diversity of Perspectives (2018) Bridging the Divide Between Fire Safety Research and Fighting Fire Safely (2017) Scientist: Sara Brown, Fire, Fuel & Smoke Program Manager, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, Montana If you're interested in hearing more women in the Forest Service, visit the National Forest Service Library and their HerStory oral history project. Produced by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. Want more information? Visit us at www.nrs.fs.usda.gov/podcast/3/ Any ideas or questions? Connect with us on Twitter!

To celebrate the immeasurable impact of women in our nation's history, and to honor the scientists who have inspired others to dream, work, study, serve and succeed, Forecast is kicking off a special 10-episode series highlighting women's perspectives in research over the past 50 years. Eleven scientists from the Northern Research Station and Rocky Mountain Research Station will share their experiences from before, during and after careers with the USDA Forest Service. Stories of mentors and mentorship, motherhood, rural and urban stewardship, passions for science, leadership, and beyond. To kick things off, a conversation between a mentor and mentee about how they met, the evolution and value of their relationship, their shared diversity research, and where to go from here. Related Research: USDA Forest Service Employee Diversity During a Period of Workforce Contraction (2022) Strategies for Increasing Diversity and Inclusion at SAF Meetings (2017) Bridging the Gender Gap: The Demographics of Scientists in the USDA Forest Service and Academia (2015) Scientists: Laura Kenefic, Research Forester, Northern Research Station, Bradley, Maine Susan Stout, Emeritus Research Forester, Northern Research Station, Irvine, Pennsylvania If you're interested in hearing more women in the Forest Service, visit the National Forest Service Library and their HerStory oral history project. Produced by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. Want more information? Visit us at www.nrs.fs.usda.gov/podcast/3/ Any questions? Connect with us on Twitter!

Beech bark disease has been killing American beech trees in eastern North America since the late 1890s. In northern New England, New York, and the Maritimes where the disease is most severe, groups of disease resistant trees occasionally occur. Genetic studies reveal that trees in groups are families, and distribution patterns suggest that they were “planted” by blue jays. Related Research: American Beech Resistance to Cryptococcus fagisuga (1983) Forest Insect & Disease Leaflet 75 (1983) Dispersal of Beech Nuts by Blue Jays in Fragmented Landscapes (1985) Spatial and Temporal Development of Beech Bark Disease in the Northeastern United States (2005) Beech Bark Disease: The Oldest "New" Threat to American Beech in the United States (2010) The Emergence of Beech Leaf Disease in Ohio: Probing Plant Microbiome in Search of the Cause (2020) Beech Leaf Disease Symptoms Caused by Newly Recognized Nematode Subspecies Litylenchus crenatae mccannii (Anguinata) Described From Fagus grandifolia in North America (2020) Scientists: Jennifer Koch, Research Biologist, Northern Research Station, Delaware, Ohio Laura Kenefic, Research Forester, Northern Research Station, Bradley, Maine Dave Houston, Principal Plant Pathologist (Retired), Northern Research Station, Hamden, Connecticut In this episode, we used the following recording from the Macaulay Library at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology: ML526793201 (Kendrick DeBoer, Alberta, Canada) Produced by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. Want more information? Visit us at www.nrs.fs.usda.gov/podcast/2/6/ Any questions? Connect with us on Twitter!

The number one way you can stop an insect invasion or pathogen from spreading is by stopping it from ever starting. Who says geneticists and ecologists can't act in the same way—taking action before a tree is ever in danger? With ash, proactive and collaborative breeding is already taking place, and it could be a roadmap for the future of combating tree species restorations. Related Research: Green Ash Trees That Survive Beetle Infestation Pass on Their Resistance Through Propagation and Planting (NRS) The Key to Rescuing Green Ash from Emerald Ash Borer is in the Genes (NRS) “Saving Green Ash” (2017) “Restoring Green Ash: Breeding for Resistance to the Emerald Ash Borer” (2020) “Convergent molecular evolution among ash species resistant to the emerald ash borer” (2020) Saving Oregon Ash (2022) [Oregon Dept. of Forestry] Scientists: Jennifer Koch, Research Biologist, Northern Research Station, Delaware, Ohio Kathleen Knight, Research Ecologist, Northern Research Station, Delaware, Ohio Richard Sniezko, Center Geneticist, Dorena Genetic Resource Center, Cottage Grove, Oregon Produced by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. Want more information? Visit us at www.nrs.fs.fed.us/podcast/2/5/ Any questions? Connect with us on Twitter!

Dutch elm disease (DED) is one of the most commonly known and destructive tree diseases in the world. The disease was first observed in Ohio in 1930, and by 1976, only 34 million of the estimated 77 million elms present in U.S. urban locations remained. Research on American elm from the 1970s to the present has focused in large part on the identification of American elm individuals that can withstand the DED pathogen. To increase American elm's long-term recovery as a canopy tree, it is crucial to increase the genetic variation of tolerant elms available for planting in urban and rural settings. Related Research: Restoring American Elms to their Native Range (NRS) “New American Elms Restore Stately Trees” (1996) “Evaluation of 19 American Elm Clones for Tolerance to Dutch Elm Disease” (2005) “Proceedings of the American Elm Restoration Workshop” (2016) “Development of New Dutch Elm Disease-Tolerant Selections for Restoration of the American Elm in Urban and Forested Landscapes” (2017) Scientists:  Jennifer Koch, Research Biologist, Northern Research Station, Delaware, Ohio Kathleen Knight, Research Ecologist, Northern Research Station, Delaware, Ohio Denny Townsend, Research Geneticist (Retired), USDA ARS, ​​U.S. National Arboretum, Washington, D.C. Dale Lesser, Farmer, Lesser Farms and Orchard, Dexter, Michigan  Produced by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station.  Want more information? Visit us at www.nrs.fs.fed.us/podcast/2/4/  Any questions? Connect with us on Twitter!

A hundred years ago, the American chestnut was the redwood of the East. It was big, and it was everywhere, especially in the southern Appalachians. But, today, it's just a shrub and is, functionally, extinct. With chestnuts having gone through such a dramatic decline, restoration has been a priority, and it's been a restoration effort unlike many others. It's been one of the most passionate efforts an American tree has ever seen. Related Research: American Chestnut Oral History Project (2009) American Chestnut Restoration (NRS) “Reintroduction of American Chestnut in the National Forest System” (2014) “American Chestnut: A Test Case for Genetic Engineering?” (2014) “Growth, Survival, and Competitive Ability of Chestnut Seedlings Planted Across a Gradient of Light Levels” (2017) “Restoration of the American Chestnut Will Require More Than a Blight-Resistant Tree” (2020) Scientists: Leila Pinchot, Research Ecologist, Northern Research Station, Delaware, Ohio Bethany Baxter, American Chestnut Oral History Project, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Ella Preston, American Chestnut Oral History Project, Letcher County, Kentucky Harding Ison, American Chestnut Oral History Project, Letcher County, Kentucky James Mullins, American Chestnut Oral History Project, Dickenson County, Virginia Produced by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. Want more information? Visit us at www.nrs.fs.fed.us/podcast/2/3/ Any questions? Connect with us on Twitter!

Tree species restoration—especially with species that are threatened with extinction—isn't even on the table unless you have resistant planting stock. But, trees live on another timescale than humans—a much longer one. And, to be a geneticist, to breed, your job is to infiltrate that timeline, and to understand it. By understanding that timeline, you can begin to fiddle with it, fiddle with time, and with the future. The future of that plant, but also the future of our planet. Genetics allow us to make better trees, make a better world, and do it all by fooling our forests. Related Research: "The Evolution of Forest Genetics and Tree Improvement Research in the United States” (2015) “Institute of Forest Tree Breeding: Improvement and Gene Conservation of Iconic Tree Species in the 21st Century” (2017) “Breeding Trees Resistant to Insects and Diseases: Putting Theory into Application” (2017) “Common Misconceptions About Forest Tree Breeding, A Valuable Tool For Addressing Forest Health Issues” (2020) “Breeding for Resistance to Tree Pests: Successes, Challenges, and a Guide to the Future” (2021) “Restoration of Landscapes and Habitats Affected by Established Invasive Species” (2021) Scientists: Jennifer Koch, Research Biologist, Northern Research Station, Delaware, Ohio Produced by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. Want more information? Visit us at www.nrs.fs.fed.us/podcast/2/2/ Any questions? Connect with us on Twitter!

In season one of Forestcast, entomologists showed us the ways we slow insects from attacking and killing trees. This season, we'll meet another set of scientists, scientists who have been attacking the issue of non-native invasive insects and pathogens from a different angle. Chemicals and biological control can buy trees time, but they cannot completely control the non-native insects that are attacking trees that have never experienced these insects before. We need something on top of those controls, and these scientists, they've been working towards a solution — a long-term resistance. What is it? Well, it's simple. At least, a simple idea: use trees. Related Research: “Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on the Genetics of Host-Parasite Interactions in Forestry—Tree Resistance to Insects and Diseases: Putting Promise into Practice” (2020) Forest Tree Species Restoration (NRS) Scientists: Jennifer Koch, Research Biologist, Northern Research Station, Delaware, Ohio Kathleen Knight, Research Ecologist, Northern Research Station, Delaware, Ohio Leila Pinchot, Research Ecologist, Northern Research Station, Delaware, Ohio Charlie Flower, Research Ecologist, Northern Research Station, Delaware, Ohio Produced by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station.  Want more information? Visit us at www.nrs.fs.fed.us/podcast/2/1/ Any questions? Connect with us on Twitter!

Mac Callaham, a research ecologist, goes searching alone in Georgia's Chattahoochee National Forest for one of Brood X's most-southern cicada emergences.   Scientist: Mac Callaham, Research Ecologist, Southern Research Station, Athens, Georgia   Produced by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station.   Want more information? More at: www.nrs.fs.fed.us/podcast/special/3/   Any questions? Connect with us on Twitter!

Any day now, periodical cicadas will emerge across 15 states stretching from Illinois to New York and northern Georgia. Two scientists, one who's tracked the aboveground movements of these cicadas, and another who's unearthed the belowground impact of these insects, take you inside the many mysteries and forgotten elements of these evolutionary enigmas. Related Research: Sharp boundary formation and invasion between spatially adjacent periodical cicada broods (2021) Periodical cicada emergence resource pulse tracks forest expansion in a tallgrass prairie landscape (2019) Competition and Stragglers as Mediators of Developmental Synchrony in Periodical Cicadas (2018) Avian predation pressure as a potential driver of periodical cicada cycle length (2013) Effects of periodical cicada emergences on abundance and synchrony of avian populations (2005) Emergence of Periodical Cicadas (Magicicada cassini) From a Kansas Riparian Forest: Densities, Biomass and Nitrogen Flux (2001) Feeding ecology and emergence production of annual cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae) in tallgrass prairie (2001) The legacy of Charles Marlatt and efforts to limit plant pest invasions (2016) The Periodical Cicada (1907) Scientists: Sandy Liebhold, Research Entomologist, Northern Research Station, Morgantown, West Virginia Mac Callaham, Research Ecologist, Southern Research Station, Athens, Georgia Hey listeners! We're looking for cicada recordings! To be a part of an upcoming episode of Forestcast, record cicadas chorusing around you. In the recording, tell us where you are and who you are. Just record the cicadas on your phone and send the recording to sm.fs.nrsweb@usda.gov. Produced by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. Want more information? More at: www.nrs.fs.fed.us/podcast/special/2/ Any questions? Connect with us on Twitter!

In the 1970s, red spruce was the forest equivalent of a canary in the coal mine, signaling that acid rain was damaging forests and that some species – especially red spruce – were particularly sensitive to this human induced damage. In the course of studying the lingering effects of acid rain, scientists came up with a surprising result – decades later, the canary is feeling much better. Scientists: Mary Beth Adams, Research Soil Scientist, Morgantown, West Virginia Paul Schaberg, Research Plant Physiologist, Burlington, Vermont Produced by the USDA's Forest Service Northern Research Station. Want more information? More at https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/podcast/special/1

In addition to studying and monitoring the non-native insects already here, scientists are monitoring pests that have potential to become problems if they ever do arrive, whether from overseas or from other parts of North America.

The Asian longhorned beetle has the makings of a disaster pest poster — a wide possible geographic and climatic range, a number of host trees, and few control options. Lucky for us, it just doesn’t seem to spread far on its own. There are biocontrol and predator options, but nothing is ideal, or especially effective. At this time, there isn’t much we can do other than chop down and chip infested trees.

With no parasitic wasps — like we have for emerald ash borer — and no miracle fungal pathogen — as with gypsy moth — our control options for the nonnative insect threatening Eastern hemlock forests, the hemlock woolly adelgid, have been tricky. Hemlock forests, and the hemlocks in your yard, are paying the price.

Insect biological control comes in all shapes and sizes — parasitoids, predators, or pathogens. So, what happens when neither a parasitoid nor a predator are feasible? Well, sometimes we have to turn away from using insects to attack insect pests, and turn to using an even smaller organism, something microscopic: a pathogen — in this case a fungus.

With global trade and travel, organisms are moved around easily and abruptly, causing biological invasions. What’s our best hope to combat these rapidly spreading pests? Sometimes, it’s to do the exact same thing, to start moving around organisms — on purpose — to attack unwanted pests. This is called ‘biological control.’ It is one of the most cost-efficient and environmentally acceptable long-term approaches for managing invasive species. And, it’s been a crucial component to managing the damage caused by the most destructive forest insect in U.S. history — the emerald ash borer beetle.

A biological invasion is an enormous increase in population of some kind of living organism. It happens when an organism — like an insect — arrives somewhere beyond its previous range, when it breaks out past its natural barrier, unbalancing the biological order. More than 450 non-native insects have invaded our forests and urban trees since European settlement. In this series, we'll explore four of these insects, and the scientists studying and combating these pests. In 1957, a British ecologist, Charles S. Elton, gave three radio presentations entitled “Balance and Barrier.” Within a year, he had expanded these ideas into what was to become a bible for practitioners of a burgeoning new science: invasion biology. In a tribute to those broadcasts, this six-part series will explore biological invasions — and their repercussions — in the Midwest and the Northeast. Related Research: “Ecology of Forest Insect Invasions” (2017) “A Highly Aggregated Geographical Distribution of Forest Pest Invasions in the USA” (2013) “Historical Accumulation of Nonindigenous Forest Pests in the Continental United States” (2011) “Economic Impacts of Non-Native Forest Insects in the Continental United States” (2011) “The Ecology of Invasions by Animals and Plants” (1958) Scientists: Therese Poland, Project Leader/Research Entomologist, Lansing, Michigan Sandy Liebhold, Research Entomologist, Morgantown, West Virginia Robert Haight, Research Forester, St. Paul, Minnesota Produced by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. Want more information? Visit us at https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/podcast/1/1/ Any questions? Connect with us on Twitter!

The Northern Research Station invites you inside the largest forest research organization in the world — the USDA's Forest Service — for conversations with scientists at the forefront of forest research. Forestcast brings you stories, interviews, and special in-depth anthologies of the science that's examining and explaining how forests affect our lives, and how we affect our forests. To kick things off, a special six-part series on one of the most significant environmental threat to our forests, and the scientists studying and combating these threats. Coming soon! Produced by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. Want more information? More at https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/podcast/1/