Late Confirmation by CoinDesk

Hunter Biden is launching a LAPTOP memecoin. Hunter Biden is launching a memecoin called LAPTOP on Base, named after the laptop he left at a Delaware repair shop in 2019. Founders get 30% of the 1 billion supply, and part of the airdrop targets wallets underwater on the TRUMP token. CoinDesk's Jennifer Sanasie hosts "CoinDesk Daily." - This episode is brought to you by RealFi, a smarter stablecoin, backed by real-world assets. Find out more at⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ realfi.co⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. - This episode is brought to you by Grayscale, the world's largest digital asset-focused investment platform. Grayscale's mission is to make digital asset investing simple and open to every investor. Learn more at grayscale.com. - This episode was hosted by Jennifer Sanasie. “CoinDesk Daily” is produced by Jennifer Sanasie and edited by Victor Chen.

Zcash jumps above $1,000. Zcash surged around 20% to $1,000, nearly doubling in a month and liquidating $34.5 million in short positions. A new Grayscale spot ETF is helping fuel the privacy coin's run. CoinDesk's Jennifer Sanasie hosts "CoinDesk Daily." - This episode is brought to you by RealFi, a smarter stablecoin, backed by real-world assets. Find out more at⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ realfi.co⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. - This episode is brought to you by Grayscale, the world's largest digital asset-focused investment platform. Grayscale's mission is to make digital asset investing simple and open to every investor. Learn more at grayscale.com. - This episode was hosted by Jennifer Sanasie. “CoinDesk Daily” is produced by Jennifer Sanasie and edited by Victor Chen.

Matt Hougan, Chief Investment Officer of Bitwise Asset Management, joins Jennifer Sanasie for a special edition of Markets Outlook from the New York Stock Exchange to unpack the market's overnight flip from despair to euphoria. Hougan explains why a traditional 60/40 portfolio is "100% fiat currency," why holding 0% Bitcoin has become a misallocation, and where he's allocating now. Plus, why he gives Bitcoin a good chance of reclaiming $100K this year and sees $1.3 million by 2035.  Stellar Development Foundation CEO Denelle Dixon also joins to unpack Stellar crossing $4 billion in tokenized real-world assets, a 400% jump since January. - Timecodes: 00:00 - Matt Hougan Joins Markets Outlook 00:45 - Despair to Euphoria: What Flipped the Market 03:20 - AI Stocks vs. Bitcoin 05:49 - Brand New Rails: Stellar Crosses $4B in Tokenized RWAs 08:05 - Bitcoin, Zcash, and the Tokenization Trade 14:15 - Matt's Bitcoin Price Prediction This Year and By 2035 - This episode is brought to you by Grayscale, the world's largest digital asset-focused investment platform. Grayscale's mission is to make digital asset investing simple and open to every investor. Learn more at grayscale.com. - This episode is brought to you by RealFi, a smarter stablecoin, backed by real-world assets. Join the Testnet now at realfi.co. - This episode was hosted by Jennifer Sanasie.

The copy-paste hack that stole $150K. CrowdStrike and federal authorities dismantled Sality, a botnet that spent eight years swapping copied wallet addresses for the attacker's, so victims unknowingly sent crypto to a stranger. The fix is simple: check the first and last characters of any address after you paste it. CoinDesk's Jennifer Sanasie hosts "CoinDesk Daily." - This episode is brought to you by RealFi, a smarter stablecoin, backed by real-world assets. Find out more at⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ realfi.co⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. - This episode is brought to you by Grayscale, the world's largest digital asset-focused investment platform. Grayscale's mission is to make digital asset investing simple and open to every investor. Learn more at grayscale.com. - This episode was hosted by Jennifer Sanasie. “CoinDesk Daily” is produced by Jennifer Sanasie and edited by Victor Chen.

Tether faces lawsuit for allegedly freezing $42M USDT before a warrant. Two Thai businessmen are suing Tether, alleging it froze 42.4 million USDT months before U.S. authorities obtained a seizure warrant. Tether calls the lawsuit baseless, but it raises the question of whether the issuer can freeze tokens in private wallets before any legal process. CoinDesk's Jennifer Sanasie hosts "CoinDesk Daily." - This episode is brought to you by RealFi, a smarter stablecoin, backed by real-world assets. Find out more at⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ realfi.co⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. - This episode is brought to you by Grayscale, the world's largest digital asset-focused investment platform. Grayscale's mission is to make digital asset investing simple and open to every investor. Learn more at grayscale.com. - This episode was hosted by Jennifer Sanasie. “CoinDesk Daily” is produced by Jennifer Sanasie and edited by Victor Chen.

On this episode of CoinDesk's Public Keys from the New York Stock Exchange, host Jennifer Sanasie is joined by Ben Spiegelman, Head of Institutional at Base, to break down Coinbase's newly launched tokenized stocks. Zach Pandl, Head of Research at Grayscale, unpacks the debut of the first-ever Zcash ETF. Plus, Solstice CEO Ben Nadareski explains strcUSX, a Solana-based product that splits the economics of Strategy's STRC preferred into senior and junior tranches. - Learn more at bullish.com. - Register now for CoinDesk's Policy and Regulation event on September 22, 2026: policy-regulation.coindesk.com. - To get market-moving news delivered daily, download CoinDesk's mobile app: linktr.ee/coindeskapp. - Chapters/Timecodes: 00:00 Welcome to Public Keys 00:24 Coinbase Brings Tokenized Stocks to Base 00:44 Base's Ben Spiegelman Joins Public Keys 01:02 What Makes Coinbase's Tokenized Stocks Different 03:26 The Killer DeFi Use Case: Borrowing Against Your Stocks 04:11 The CLARITY Act and a Future US Launch 05:24 Trading, Financing, and Payments on Base 07:04 What Still Gives Institutions Pause On-Chain 09:15 ETF Flows: Bitcoin and Ether Cool After a Record August 10:04 Grayscale's Zach Pandl on a Healing Crypto Market 11:13 What Happens If the CLARITY Act Doesn't Pass 12:18 'Recktember' and the Q4 Bitcoin Outlook 13:42 The First-Ever Zcash ETF and the Privacy Thesis 15:47 Scarcity vs. Privacy: What's Driving Zcash 17:10 Institutional vs. Retail Demand for the Zcash ETF 19:04 Solstice's Ben Nadareski and Strategy's STRC on Solana 20:38 Inside strcUSX: Senior and Junior Tranches 21:40 Building on Strategy's Platform 23:19 Why Solstice Built on Solana 25:30 The Institutional DeFi Adoption Curve

North Korean hackers cashed out Bitcoin from Hyperliquid. North Korea's Lazarus Group has sold more than $30 million in bitcoin on Hyperliquid over the past three weeks, according to blockchain data reviewed by Arkham. The activity comes just as the Trump administration explores bringing the platform onshore. CoinDesk's Jennifer Sanasie hosts "CoinDesk Daily." - This episode is brought to you by RealFi, a smarter stablecoin, backed by real-world assets. Find out more at⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ realfi.co⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. - This episode is brought to you by Grayscale, the world's largest digital asset-focused investment platform. Grayscale's mission is to make digital asset investing simple and open to every investor. Learn more at grayscale.com. - This episode was hosted by Jennifer Sanasie. “CoinDesk Daily” is produced by Jennifer Sanasie and edited by Victor Chen.

How did Bitcoin react to Fed Chair Kevin Warsh's first Jackson Hole speech? Federal Reserve Chair Kevin Warsh delivers his first Jackson Hole keynote today, and crypto traders are watching for whether the Fed will back the Treasury's plan to cap long-term borrowing costs. Bitcoin has climbed from $64,000 to $80,000 in a week on those expectations — a dovish signal could extend the rally, while a push for Fed independence could send it lower. CoinDesk's Uyen Truong hosts "CoinDesk Daily." - This episode is brought to you by RealFi, a smarter stablecoin, backed by real-world assets. Find out more at⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ realfi.co⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. - This episode was hosted by Uyen Truong. “CoinDesk Daily” is produced by Jennifer Sanasie and edited by Victor Chen.

CoinDesk's The Policy Protocol host Renato Mariotti takes a deep dive into the CFTC's inaugural Innovation Advisory Committee. Renato breaks down the viral, spicy exchange between CME Group CEO Terry Duffy and CFTC Chairman Michael Selig over event contracts and market manipulation, and introduces his own comment-letter concept "accountability arbitrage" that focuses on the enforcement gap that opens up when an AI agent authors a trading strategy. He then sits down with the committee's chair, Walt Lukken, President and CEO of the Futures Industry Association and a former acting CFTC chairman, who explains why Chairman Selig stood up the committee, how FIA is welcoming retail-first and formerly-offshore entrants while holding the line on customer protections, and why the hardest open question in the room was how to hold a machine accountable. - This episode is brought to you by RealFi, a smarter stablecoin, backed by real-world assets. Find out more at⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ realfi.co⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. - Register now for CoinDesk's Policy and Regulation event on September 22, 2026: policy-regulation.coindesk.com. - Chapters: 00:00 Welcome to The Policy Protocol 01:15 The Story of the Week: The CFTC's Innovation Advisory Committee 01:50 The Viral Clip: Duffy vs. Selig on Event Contracts 02:45 A Fight Playing Out in the CME–CFTC Lawsuit 03:19 A Titanic Shift: TradFi Meets Blockchain 03:59 The Real Frontier: Agentic Finance 04:34 Accountability Arbitrage and Agentic Trading 06:33 Walt Lukken Joins the Show 07:00 Why Chairman Selig Built the Committee 08:21 FIA's Big Tent: Offshore to Onshore 09:49 Futures, Crypto and Prediction Markets Converge 11:43 Letting the Disagreements Be Aired 13:14 The AI Session: Holding a Machine Accountable 15:23 A Good First Year and the Tokenization Push 17:14 Renato's Debrief: A Working Committee

Pierre Rochard, CEO of The Bitcoin Bond Company, joins Jennifer Sanasie on Markets Outlook to unpack the narratives driving crypto markets heading into Q4. From his 80K year-end price target to his rebuttal of Mark Cuban's "chips are the new crypto" take, Pierre breaks down why Bitcoin's scarcity story remains intact and why miners pivoting to AI could actually be a tailwind for Bitcoin price. Plus, Bullish's new Head of Tokenization joins to unpack what it means to be the first regulated exchange to trade tokenized equity. - Timecodes: 00:00 - Pierre Rochard Joins Markets Outlook 00:56 - Watching the Fed and Treasury 02:14 - Pierre's Bitcoin Price Target 02:24 - Responding to Mark Cuban: Chips vs. Bitcoin 06:01 - Why Cuban May Have Latched Onto the Wrong Narrative 07:25 - Will Retail Come Back to Bitcoin? 09:24 - Brand New Rails: Bullish Launches Tokenized Equity Trading 12:02 - Self-Custody vs. Exchanges Post-ColdCard 13:42 - The Best Ways to Get Bitcoin Exposure 15:32 - Bitcoin Miners Pivoting to AI 17:21 - Why Miners Leaving Is Actually Bullish for Bitcoin - This episode is brought to you by RealFi, a smarter stablecoin, backed by real-world assets. RealFi is launching August 2026. Join the Testnet now at realfi.co. - This episode was hosted by Jennifer Sanasie.

Nvidia beats earnings estimates. Nvidia beat earnings estimates and guided to $108 billion in revenue next quarter, lifting tech stocks and pushing bitcoin toward $80,000. The chipmaker also agreed to acquire open-source AI platform Hugging Face for $12.9 billion, extending its reach beyond chips and into the AI software stack. CoinDesk's Uyen Truong hosts "CoinDesk Daily." - This episode is brought to you by RealFi, a smarter stablecoin, backed by real-world assets. Find out more at⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ realfi.co⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. - This episode was hosted by Uyen Truong. “CoinDesk Daily” is produced by Jennifer Sanasie and edited by Victor Chen.

Dallas Fed warns tokenized deposits could strip $700B from U.S. banks' lending capacity. Two Dallas Fed economists estimate tokenized deposits could strip about $700 billion from U.S. banks' capacity to fund long-term loans, as instant settlement makes it easier for depositors to chase yield and switch banks. The report warns that could push up the cost of credit for consumers and businesses. CoinDesk's Uyen Truong hosts "CoinDesk Daily." - This episode is brought to you by RealFi, a smarter stablecoin, backed by real-world assets. Find out more at⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ realfi.co⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. - This episode was hosted by Uyen Truong. “CoinDesk Daily” is produced by Jennifer Sanasie and edited by Victor Chen.

With Fomo posting all-time high fees in August and with roughly 100,000 daily traders, co-founder Se Yong Park joins CoinDesk Contributor Kate Irwin on Markets Outlook to unpack the Solana-to-Robinhood Chain growth story, why social finance apps like Farcaster and Zora never broke out, and how prediction markets could turn a generation of bettors into traders.  - Timecodes: 00:00 - Se Yong Park Joins Markets Outlook 01:11 - Inside FOMO's Record August in Fees 02:22 - Institutional Era, Consumer Endgame 03:43 - Solana, Robinhood Chain, and the Multi-Chain Effect 06:10 - Why Farcaster and Zora Never Broke Out 08:05 - Prediction Markets Will Turn Bettors Into Traders 09:24 - Advice for Founders: Ship Before It's Perfect 10:51 - DeFi is a Matter of When, Not If 12:39 - Regulation, Innovation Exemptions, and Building in the US 13:37 - Gen Z, New Media, and the Rise of Small Creators 15:20 - Q4 Outlook: The Next Breakout App Won't Be Crypto-Branded - This episode is brought to you by RealFi, a smarter stablecoin, backed by real-world assets. RealFi is launching August 2026. Join the Testnet now at realfi.co. -

What drove BTC's jump above $80K? Bitcoin jumped from $62,000 to $80,000 in its second-largest weekly gain in five years, but futures data shows it was short covering that drove the move. With leverage now near multi-month lows, the rally may actually be steadier than it looks. CoinDesk's Uyen Truong hosts "CoinDesk Daily." - This episode is brought to you by RealFi, a smarter stablecoin, backed by real-world assets. Find out more at⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ realfi.co⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. - This episode was hosted by Uyen Truong. “CoinDesk Daily” is produced by Jennifer Sanasie and edited by Victor Chen.

On this episode of CoinDesk's Public Keys from the New York Stock Exchange, host Jennifer Sanasie sits down with Michael Tannenbaum, CEO of Figure Technology Solutions, to unpack the company's record quarter, its self-described "Rule of 150," and why it sees blockchain as a standardization engine for capital markets. Then, Lance Vitanza, Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst at TD Cowen, explains why the 2026 digital asset treasury shakeout has clarified the model rather than broken it—and what separates the companies built to last from the rest. Plus, Sid Coelho-Prabhu, Head of Coinbase Business, breaks down Coinbase's bet on AI agent payments, why stablecoins like USDC are emerging as the currency of agentic commerce, and how the x402 protocol could reshape the way businesses get paid. - Learn more at bullish.com. - Register now for CoinDesk's Policy and Regulation event on September 22, 2026: policy-regulation.coindesk.com. - To get market-moving news delivered daily, download CoinDesk's mobile app: linktr.ee/coindeskapp. - Chapters/Timecodes: 00:00 Welcome to Public Keys 00:20 Figure's Record Quarter and the "Rule of 150" 00:50 Figure CEO Michael Tannenbaum Joins 04:05 Figure as the "Fannie Mae of Blockchain" 06:44 Cutting Diligence Costs and Fighting Loan Fraud 08:10 Unlocking $35 Trillion in US Home Equity 09:57 Responding to the Morpheus Research Report 12:16 The Digital Asset Treasury Shakeout of 2026 12:55 TD Cowen's Lance Vitanza Joins 15:00 Why Strategy Is Built for a Bitcoin Bear Market 17:02 Strive, Smarter Web and Nakamoto in the Win Column 20:00 Treasury Companies vs. Spot Bitcoin ETFs 23:19 Coinbase Bets on Payments from AI Agents 23:41 Coinbase Business Head Sid Coelho-Prabhu Joins 24:45 How AI Agents Are Already Spending Money 27:03 Why Stablecoins Are Winning Agentic Payments 30:25 Inside the x402 Payment Protocol 32:06 What Still Needs Solving in Agentic Payments

Michael Saylor's war chest. Strategy raised about $2 billion last week and created a new "USD Cash" pool, giving it $6.69 billion in dollar liquidity that can be used to buy more bitcoin, repurchase shares, or repay debt. The company left its 840,447 BTC untouched for a second straight week. CoinDesk's Uyen Truong hosts "CoinDesk Daily." - This episode is brought to you by RealFi, a smarter stablecoin, backed by real-world assets. Find out more at⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ realfi.co⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. - This episode was hosted by Uyen Truong. “CoinDesk Daily” is produced by Jennifer Sanasie and edited by Victor Chen.

Why is BTC ripping? Bitcoin surged past $77,000 for its biggest weekly gain since March 2023. The rally isn't really about price — it's a reaction to a new U.S. Treasury bond-buyback plan that markets are reading as a step toward broader liquidity support. CoinDesk's Uyen Truong hosts "CoinDesk Daily." - This episode is brought to you by RealFi, a smarter stablecoin, backed by real-world assets. Find out more at⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ realfi.co⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. - This episode was hosted by Uyen Truong. “CoinDesk Daily” is produced by Jennifer Sanasie and edited by Victor Chen.

CoinDesk's The Policy Protocol hosts Rebecca Rettig and Renato Mariotti open on President Trump's White House remarks about bringing Hyperliquid onshore, then dig into Judge Vernon Oliver's Connecticut ruling that slammed the CFTC's emergency order in the Kalshi fight. Alexander Zozos, General Counsel of Superstate and a former SEC staffer, joins the hosts to break down what “Reg Crypto” actually does: two fundraising exemptions plus a safe harbor that acts as a "barbell" on when securities laws apply, solving crypto's "Hotel California" problem of checking in but never checking out. Plus, Rebecca and Renato debrief on whether the rule is a foundation or a window, and name crypto lawyers as their Person of the Week. - This episode is brought to you by RealFi, a smarter stablecoin, backed by real-world assets. Find out more at⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ realfi.co⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. - Register now for CoinDesk's Policy and Regulation event on September 22, 2026: policy-regulation.coindesk.com. - Chapters/Timecodes: 00:00 Welcome to The Policy Protocol 01:54 Hot Topic: Trump Talks Hyperliquid at the White House 04:36 Renato's Hot Topic: Kalshi, the CFTC, and Loper Bright 06:34 The SEC Drops Its 'Reg Crypto' Rulemaking 06:42 Alexander Zozos of Superstate Joins the Show 06:55 What Is Reg Crypto? The 30,000-Foot View 10:04 Foundation or Window? The Rogue Regulator Question 12:16 Inside the SEC: How a 400-Page Rule Gets Made 17:40 Does the Exit Ramp Depend on the CLARITY Act? 20:04 Rebecca and Renato Debrief 21:44 Person of the Week: Crypto Lawyers

BTC jumps 10% on the day after Trump's White House meeting with crypto CEOs. Bitcoin climbed toward $72,000 after President Trump urged Congress to pass the Clarity Act at a White House crypto event. Treasury debt buybacks and a rally in crypto equities added fuel. CoinDesk's Jennifer Sanasie hosts "CoinDesk Daily." - This episode is brought to you by RealFi, a smarter stablecoin, backed by real-world assets. Find out more at⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ realfi.co⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. - This episode was hosted by Jennifer Sanasie. “CoinDesk Daily” is produced by Jennifer Sanasie and edited by Victor Chen.

With Bitcoin surging past $72K and showing signs of a broader breakout, 10x Research CEO and Founder Markus Thielen joins Jennifer Sanasie on Markets Outlook to explain why he turned bullish early and why he believes the cycle low is already behind us. From Fed tailwinds and institutional flows to the key levels that could unlock a new all-time high, Markus breaks down what's driving the move. Plus, we look inside Symbiotic's partnership with Centrifuge to offer instant USDC liquidity. - Timecodes: 00:00 - Markus Thielen Joins Markets Outlook 00:37 - Where Does Bitcoin End the Year? 02:02 - When Do We See a New ATH? 05:32 - Brand New Rails: Symbiotic x Centrifuge 08:44 - Is Bitcoin Still a Retail Product? 12:03 - $1 Million Bitcoin by 2030? 15:20 - On-Chain Signals to Watch Right Now - This interview was recorded on August 19th before bitcoin's most recent rally. - This episode is brought to you by RealFi, a smarter stablecoin, backed by real-world assets. RealFi is launching August 2026. Join the Testnet now at realfi.co. - This episode was hosted by Jennifer Sanasie.

John Wang, head of crypto at Kalshi, joins Sam just days after the company hit a $40 billion valuation and one year into John's tenure, which has seen prediction markets go from niche internet community to mainstream financial instrument. They cover the World Cup trading frenzy, why crypto is now the second largest market on the platform, and how Kalshi built the first CFTC-regulated perp exchange in the US from the ground up, doing $1 billion in its first week and $5 billion in its first month. - Timecodes: 0:00 - Cold open on prediction markets going mainstream 0:25 - Introduction: John Wang, head of crypto at Kalshi 0:46 - Reflecting on Kalshi's growth over the past year 2:03 - Sports' economic impact and the Knicks/World Cup effect 3:24 - CLARITY Act, midterms hub, and regulatory unlocks 4:08 - Launching the first CFTC-regulated perp market 6:26 - Explosive early perps adoption (billion in week one) 7:55 - Risk tools: stop loss, take profit, and Kalshi Social 9:12 - Agentic trading and API-driven automation - From our sponsors: This episode is brought to you by RealFi, a smarter stablecoin, backed by real-world assets. RealFi is launching August 2026. Join the Testnet now at realfi.co.

Anthropic beats OpenAI in Q2 revenue. Anthropic more than doubled its revenue to $11.6 billion and posted a small operating profit, overtaking OpenAI for the first time. OpenAI's loss widened to $12.3 billion as it paused some frontier training over safety concerns. CoinDesk's Jennifer Sanasie hosts "CoinDesk Daily." - This episode is brought to you by RealFi, a smarter stablecoin, backed by real-world assets. Find out more at⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ realfi.co⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. - This episode was hosted by Jennifer Sanasie. “CoinDesk Daily” is produced by Jennifer Sanasie and edited by Victor Chen.

MSTR down 73% since last year. Michael Saylor says a Strategy share buyback isn't a priority, but he'd consider it if MSTR trades at a deep enough discount to net asset value. The stock is down about 73% year-over-year as Strategy builds a $4.8 billion cash reserve. CoinDesk's Uyen Truong hosts "CoinDesk Daily." - This episode is brought to you by RealFi, a smarter stablecoin, backed by real-world assets. Find out more at⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ realfi.co⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. - This episode was hosted by Uyen Truong. “CoinDesk Daily” is produced by Jennifer Sanasie and edited by Victor Chen.

On this episode of CoinDesk's Public Keys from the New York Stock Exchange, host Jennifer Sanasie is joined by Citizens' Devin Ryan to break down Securitize's first earnings report, its 26% selloff, and why he sees significant upside as tokenization grows. Pantera Capital General Partner Cosmo Jiang explains why AI and blockchain are converging, Solana's lead in AI agent activity, and the new S&P Pantera Digital Asset Index. Plus, a look at Bitcoin and Ethereum ETF flows and Robinhood's new fund giving retail investors access to early-stage Y Combinator startups. - Learn more at bullish.com. - Register now for CoinDesk's Policy and Regulation event on September 22, 2026: policy-regulation.coindesk.com. - To get market moving news delivered daily, download CoinDesk's mobile app: linktr.ee/coindeskapp. - Chapters/Timecodes: 00:00 Welcome to Public Keys 00:29 Securitize Stumbles in First Public Earnings Report 00:50 Citizens' Devin Ryan Joins Public Keys 02:07 From Speculation to Real Blockchain Usage 03:52 Securitize's 26% Selloff and a $15 Price Target 05:29 The Bull and Bear Case for SECZ 06:47 Will the SEC and CFTC Fill the Regulatory Gap? 09:58 What to Watch: BlackRock and Tokenized AUM 12:18 Bitcoin ETFs Post $390M in Weekly Outflows 12:46 13F Filings: Harvard Holds, JPMorgan and Tudor Add 13:06 Ethereum ETFs Snap Five-Week Inflow Streak 13:42 Pantera's Cosmo Jiang on the Market Outlook 16:59 Bitcoin's 42% Discount vs. AI Stocks' Premium 18:26 Blockchain and the Agentic Economy 20:17 Why Solana Leads on AI Agent Activity 21:15 Inside the S&P Pantera Digital Asset Index 25:07 Robinhood Ventures Fund II Debuts on NYSE 26:03 The Risk and Reward of Early-Stage Investing 28:32 How Daily Liquidity for Private Assets Works 30:38 Robinhood Chain, Tokenization and Yield 32:48 Crypto Fear & Greed Index at 31

U.S.-Iran ceasefire has lapsed. The 60-day U.S.-Iran ceasefire has lapsed with no deal, and traffic through the Strait of Hormuz is down about 90%. Tehran says it has struck a separate deal with Oman to reopen the strait, but only if the US lifts its naval blockade, per CNBC. CoinDesk's Uyen Truong hosts "CoinDesk Daily." - This episode is brought to you by RealFi, a smarter stablecoin, backed by real-world assets. Find out more at⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ realfi.co⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. - This episode was hosted by Uyen Truong. “CoinDesk Daily” is produced by Jennifer Sanasie and edited by Victor Chen.

The SEC delays the "innovation exemption" for tokenization. The SEC is again delaying its "innovation exemption" for tokenized securities and abruptly canceled a Friday meeting where details were expected. The White House feared it could complicate the Clarity Act, while Wall Street group SIFMA argued a change this big shouldn't come through an exemption at all. CoinDesk's Sam Ewen hosts "CoinDesk Daily." - This episode is brought to you by RealFi, a smarter stablecoin, backed by real-world assets. Find out more at⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ realfi.co⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. - This episode was hosted by Sam Ewen. “CoinDesk Daily” is produced by Jennifer Sanasie and edited by Victor Chen.

CoinDesk's The Policy Protocol hosts Rebecca Rettig and Renato Mariotti open on the stalled CLARITY Act and how crypto's newness in DC stacks up against TradFi's decades-old relationships. They also dig into two hot topics: Erebor raising $1.5 billion at a valuation near $9.5 billion, and FlightAware's short-lived trademark lawsuit against prediction market Kalshi. Then they sit down with Brooke Ybarra, Head of Innovation at the American Bankers Association, who breaks down the yield compromise on payment stablecoins, makes the ABA's case that stablecoin growth could pull deposits away from community banks and shrink local lending, and explains how banks of all sizes are already experimenting with tokenized money and tokenized deposits. Plus, Rebecca and Renato debrief on the bipartisan holdouts and name SEC Chair Paul Atkins as their Person of the Week. NOTE (Aug. 14, 09:00 ET): this episode was recorded before the SEC canceled the open meeting originally scheduled for Friday.-This episode is brought to you by RealFi, a smarter stablecoin, backed by real-world assets. Find out more at realfi.co.-To view the ABA's recommended changes to legislative text of the Clarity Act, please see their Joint State Association Letter to the Senate: https://www.aba.com/advocacy/policy-analysis/Joint-Letter-to-the-Senate-on-the-Clarity-Act - Chapters/Timecodes:00:00 Welcome to The Policy Protocol01:12 CLARITY Stalls Before the August Recess03:03 Crypto vs. TradFi: A New Entrant in DC05:18 Why Clarity Levels the Playing Field06:20 Hot Topic: Erebor's $1.5B Bank Raise08:38 Hot Topic: FlightAware Sues Kalshi12:06 Brooke Ybarra of the ABA Joins the Show12:38 The Yield Compromise and Interest-Like Payments14:59 The Deposit Flight Debate17:22 How Banks Are Innovating with Tokenized Money19:49 What Happens If CLARITY Doesn't Pass22:45 Person of the Week: SEC Chair Paul Atkins

DoubleZero Edge is partnering with Kalshi to deliver Wall Street-grade market data to the world's largest CFTC-regulated prediction market. Co-Founder Austin Federa joins Jennifer Sanasie on Markets Outlook to unpack why professional infrastructure took so long to reach crypto, what the 10/10 flash crash revealed about new finance's weaknesses, and why faster data could level the playing field for every trader, not just the big firms. Plus, in today's Brand New Rails, we meet the ship captain working to bring the $2 trillion commercial shipping industry on-chain. - Timecodes: 00:00 - Austin Federa Joins Markets Outlook 00:43 - DoubleZero x Kalshi: Inside the Announcement 02:30 - Why Wall Street Infrastructure Took So Long to Reach Crypto 04:36 - Brand New Rails: Tokenizing the $2 Trillion Shipping Industry 07:13 - Does Faster Data Hurt Retail Traders? 08:16 - Prediction Markets: More Than a Narrative 10:31 - Access, Disruption, and Federa's 2017 Thesis 12:13 - The Catalyst to Watch 13:11 - New Finance's Biggest Challenge - This episode is brought to you by RealFi, a smarter stablecoin, backed by real-world assets. RealFi is launching August 2026. Join the Testnet now at realfi.co. - This episode was hosted by Jennifer Sanasie.

Robinhood CFO and Robinhood Ventures President Shiv Verma joins CoinDesk's Jennifer Sanasie from the floor of the New York Stock Exchange on the day Robinhood Ventures Fund II began trading. Verma breaks down how the fund gives everyday investors access to early-stage Y Combinator companies at the ground floor. - Timecodes: 00:00 Robinhood Ventures Fund II Begins Trading on NYSE 00:42 Partnering With Y Combinator for Startup Access 01:11 How Robinhood Values Private Companies Using SAFEs 02:25 Fee Structure, Daily Liquidity, and No Accreditation Required 04:16 Why the Best Companies Are Staying Private Longer 06:13 Robinhood Chain, Tokenization, and the Next Bull Cycle

Kalshi in talks to raise $750M at a $40B valuation. Prediction market Kalshi is in talks to raise $750 million at a $40 billion valuation, with Sequoia and Wellington eyeing the round. The company's annualized revenue hit $4 billion in July, nearly four times rival Polymarket. CoinDesk's Jennifer Sanasie hosts "CoinDesk Daily." - This episode is brought to you by RealFi, a smarter stablecoin, backed by real-world assets. Find out more at⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ realfi.co⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. - This episode was hosted by Jennifer Sanasie. “CoinDesk Daily” is produced by Jennifer Sanasie and edited by Victor Chen.

XRP's slip below $1. XRP briefly fell below a dollar for the first time since November 2024, stalling just above $1 as an attacker drained nearly 200,000 XRP from a cross-chain bridge. CoinDesk's Jennifer Sanasie hosts "CoinDesk Daily." - This episode is brought to you by RealFi, a smarter stablecoin, backed by real-world assets. Find out more at⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ realfi.co⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. - This episode was hosted by Jennifer Sanasie. “CoinDesk Daily” is produced by Jennifer Sanasie and edited by Victor Chen.

Paul Frambot, co-founder and CEO of Morpho, has spent years making the case that crypto was never supposed to be a product, it was always supposed to be the pipes. In this episode of Spotlight, he breaks down how Morpho's open credit network connects borrowers with tens of thousands of lenders globally to deliver better terms, deeper liquidity, and access to credit for people the traditional system has long ignored. - Timecodes: 0:00 - "The infrastructure is the blockchain" 1:20 - What is Morpho's "open credit network"? 2:41 - How Morpho differs from Aave and Compound 4:24 - Building infrastructure vs. speculation 7:23 - Morpho Blue vs. Morpho Midnight explained 10:03 - Tokenization and expanding borrowing assets 13:26 - Apollo's 9% stake in Morpho's governance token 15:29 - What's still keeping banks off-chain 17:02 - Vision for success 18 months from now - From our sponsors: This episode is brought to you by RealFi, a smarter stablecoin, backed by real-world assets. RealFi is launching August 2026. Join the Testnet now at realfi.co. - Check out CoinDesk Research's report on Anvil's on-chain collateral layer and what it means for the future of secured credit at: https://www.coindesk.com/research/anvil-the-missing-collateral-layer

Riot Platforms' $9B AI deal. Riot Platforms surged more than 20% after signing a $9.1 billion deal, reportedly with Anthropic, to lease AI computing capacity at its Texas campus. The move shows how bitcoin miners are reinventing themselves as AI infrastructure landlords. CoinDesk's Uyen Truong hosts "CoinDesk Daily." - This episode is brought to you by RealFi, a smarter stablecoin, backed by real-world assets. Find out more at⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ realfi.co⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. - This episode was hosted by Uyen Truong. “CoinDesk Daily” is produced by Jennifer Sanasie and edited by Victor Chen.

On this episode of CoinDesk's Public Keys from the New York Stock Exchange, host Jennifer Sanasie is joined by co-host Tim Grant, CEO of Deus X Capital, to start off the conversation with Strategy President and CEO Phong Le. He explains why he expects Strategy to outperform Bitcoin in the next bull cycle, how its STRC product and "digital credit" framework aim to make Strategy the "JP Morgan of digital finance." Bitwise Asset Management Head of Research Ryan Rasmussen breaks down Q2 earnings from Circle, Galaxy, and American Bitcoin, arguing the market is mis-pricing Circle ahead of a multi-trillion-dollar stablecoin era. Plus, Jennifer and Tim unpack Bitcoin ETF flows, the best week since April at $853 million in net inflows, and Tim lays out his thesis on sovereign AI, data privacy, and where decentralization fits into the next wave of compute. - Learn more at bullish.com. - Register now for CoinDesk's Policy and Regulation event on September 22, 2026: policy-regulation.coindesk.com. - To get market moving news delivered daily, download CoinDesk's mobile app: linktr.ee/coindeskapp. - Chapters/Timecodes: 00:00 Welcome to Public Keys 00:21 Sleepy Markets and 'Groundhog Week' With Tim Grant 02:08 The Coldcard Hack and the Self-Custody Debate 03:15 Strategy's Phong Le Joins Public Keys 03:46 Why Strategy Expects to Beat Bitcoin 04:20 Inside 'STRC' and the Digital Credit Play 09:38 $4.75B in Cash and the Preferred Stock Lesson 11:47 Strategy: 'The Central Bank of Bitcoin' 12:19 Where Strategy's Software Business Fits 14:55 Circle, Galaxy and American Bitcoin Earnings 15:12 Why Bitwise Says Circle Is Mispriced 19:37 Circle's Arc Mainnet and the GENIUS Act 21:07 Galaxy's Pivot From Crypto to AI 24:05 American Bitcoin and the Miner Shakeout 27:41 Trump Ties and CLARITY Act Ethics Risk 30:14 ETF Flows: Bitcoin's Best Week Since April 32:52 Tim Grant on Sovereign AI and Data Privacy

The Senate opened the first stage of CLARITY voting. The U.S. Senate finally took a first step into the procedural votes on the Clarity Act, after the leadership moved early Saturday to start official floor action on the crypto market structure bill. CoinDesk's Sam Ewen hosts "CoinDesk Daily." - This episode is brought to you by RealFi, a smarter stablecoin, backed by real-world assets. Find out more at⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ realfi.co⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. - This episode was hosted by Sam Ewen. “CoinDesk Daily” is produced by Jennifer Sanasie and edited by Victor Chen.

In his first interview since declaring the ElizaOS token dead, Eliza Labs Founder Shaw Walters sits down with CoinDesk's Jennifer Sanasie to lay out what he says actually happened. He also makes a broader case for why crypto's casino culture is actively driving out the builders who could make the space matter and why he's still coding Eliza every day regardless. - Timecodes: 00:00 - Shaw Walters Joins CoinDesk 02:23 - “Why Do People Think I Owe Them Anything?" 06:35 - How AI16Z Started: A $75K Joke That Hit $2.6 Billion 10:49 - Does He Regret Launching the Token? 11:43 - Crypto “Needs to Die And…Be Restarted" 15:34 - On the Burwick Lawsuit: "It Was a Total Scam"18:36 - "The Casino Is Not the Industry" 20:40 - Why He's Still Building Eliza 24:00 - "Stay Away From All of This and Invest In Yourself" - This episode was hosted by Jennifer Sanasie. This interview has been edited for clarity and focus.

With the CLARITY Act pushed to September and $130 million drained in the Coldcard exploit, Crypto Market Analyst Ray Salmond joins Jennifer Sanasie on Markets Outlook to unpack Fed rate odds, Bitcoin's four-year cycle, and the key metrics to watch ahead of a potential CLARITY Act vote. Plus, in today's Brand New Rails, we explore how Dinari is bringing U.S. stocks on-chain. - Timecodes: 00:00 - Ray Salmond Joins Markets Outlook 00:55 - Jobs Report and the Fed 01:58 - Bitcoin's Ceiling and the CLARITY Act Delay 02:26 - Why CLARITY Stalled: Banks, Stablecoins, and the Trump Cloud 04:32 - How Crypto Markets Will Front-Run the CLARITY Vote 06:39 - Brand New Rails: Dinari Brings US Stocks On-Chain 09:26 - Bitcoin's Four-Year Cycle: Still Intact? 12:26 - The Coldcard Hack: An Ideological Blow to Self-Custody 15:06 - Beyond Bitcoin: RWA, Prediction Markets, and the Altcoin Reality - This episode is brought to you by RealFi, a smarter stablecoin, backed by real-world assets. RealFi is launching August 2026. Join the Testnet now at realfi.co.

Is CLARITY dead? The U.S. Senate is set to break for summer recess without voting on the Clarity Act, pushing the crypto market structure bill to September at the earliest. With passage odds slipping, some in the industry argue the SEC and CFTC can fill the gap through guidance alone. CoinDesk's Jennifer Sanasie hosts "CoinDesk Daily." - This episode is brought to you by RealFi, a smarter stablecoin, backed by real-world assets. Find out more at⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ realfi.co⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. - This episode was hosted by Jennifer Sanasie. “CoinDesk Daily” is produced by Jennifer Sanasie and edited by Victor Chen.

Sandisk and Western Digital shares fell after record earnings. Sandisk and Western Digital both fell despite record quarterly results, a sign the AI trade may be stalling. With gold climbing and bitcoin holding above $64,000, is this a sign that traders are seeing capital rotating back toward crypto? CoinDesk's Jennifer Sanasie hosts "CoinDesk Daily." - This episode is brought to you by RealFi, a smarter stablecoin, backed by real-world assets. Find out more at⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ realfi.co⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. - This episode was hosted by Jennifer Sanasie. “CoinDesk Daily” is produced by Jennifer Sanasie and edited by Victor Chen.

JPEG Trading Co-Founder Kevin March joins CoinDesk's Sam Ewen to break down how his firm is building end-to-end liquidity for new crypto assets and why DeFi lending is the innovation most likely to make the space useful long-term. He explains how tokenized stocks are seeing organic, consistent growth in 2026, why prediction markets are one of crypto's best UX wins yet, and what agentic AI trading actually looks like in practice. - Timecodes: 00:00 - JPEG Trading Founder Kevin March Joins CoinDesk 00:37 - What JPEG Trading Does and How It Started 04:39 - Why DeFi Lending Is Crypto's Most Important Innovation 09:44 - Borrowing Against Real-World Assets Without a Bank 12:19 - Tokenized Stocks Are Seeing Organic, Consistent Growth 15:30 - JPEG's Role in Prediction Market Liquidity 19:39 - The Reality of AI and Agentic Trading - JPEG Trading is a global proprietary trading firm specializing in cryptocurrency and decentralized finance markets. From market structure and liquidity provision to quantitative trading strategies, JPEG Trading operates across the full spectrum of blockchain-based assets. Follow @jpegtrading on X to stay ahead of the latest developments in digital asset markets: https://x.com/jpegtrading

SPCX tumbles despite beating earnings estimate. SpaceX reported its first quarterly results as a public company, beating on revenue but falling 11% as investors focused on heavy capital spending. Its 18,712 bitcoin lost roughly $195 million in value during the quarter. CoinDesk's Jennifer Sanasie hosts "CoinDesk Daily." - This episode is brought to you by RealFi, a smarter stablecoin, backed by real-world assets. Find out more at⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ realfi.co⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. - This episode was hosted by Jennifer Sanasie. “CoinDesk Daily” is produced by Jennifer Sanasie and edited by Victor Chen.

Hashdex to shut down its spot Bitcoin ETF. Hashdex is shutting down and liquidating its spot bitcoin ETF, in what appears to be the first liquidation of a U.S. spot bitcoin fund. Inflows have dried up as investors chase AI returns, with the spot bitcoin ETFs posting net outflows three months running. CoinDesk's Sam Ewen hosts "CoinDesk Daily." - This episode is brought to you by RealFi, a smarter stablecoin, backed by real-world assets. Find out more at⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ realfi.co⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. - This episode was hosted by Sam Ewen. “CoinDesk Daily” is produced by Jennifer Sanasie and edited by Victor Chen.