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Ryan Dobratz stops by to discuss various aspects of the real estate market, primarily focusing on Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. The discussion touches on the political implications surrounding Freddie and Fannie, as well as trends in the residential housing market and manufactured housing policies. Weaved into the conversation is interest rates, CPI, and the impact of AI on industrial real estate. TakeawaysThe real estate market is currently experiencing a divergence in performance across different sectors.Interest rates and CPI are critical factors influencing the real estate market.AI is expected to drive efficiencies in industrial real estate logistics.Freddie and Fannie are facing political and market pressures as they consider exiting conservatorship.Preferred shares in Freddie and Fannie present a compelling investment opportunity despite capped returns.The residential housing market is showing signs of recovery, particularly in new home construction.Manufactured housing is gaining attention due to affordability concerns and potential policy changes.The timber market is facing challenges but has potential upside due to supply constraints.Investors should be cautious about the political landscape affecting Freddie and Fannie.Overall, the real estate sector offers various investment opportunities, but careful selection is necessary.
Steven Lubka explains "paper bitcoin summer" - how treasury companies use regulatory arbitrage to efficiently acquire Bitcoin through capital markets, creating leveraged Bitcoin exposure for investors who can't directly buy BTC.Steven Lubka, VP of Investor Relations at Nakamoto, joins us to talk about the "paper bitcoin summer" phenomenon, treasury companies as Bitcoin acquisition vehicles, regulatory arbitrage strategies, international market expansion, and why vibes matter in capital markets. We explore how companies like MicroStrategy pioneered leveraged Bitcoin strategies and what the future holds for Bitcoin financial institutions.Subscribe to the newsletter! https://newsletter.blockspacemedia.com**Notes:**• Treasury companies hold ~60k BTC outside MicroStrategy• MicroStrategy trades at 2x NAV premium currently• Bitcoin has multi-trillion dollar market cap• Preferred shares cost ~9-10% for these companies• MetaPlanet proved model works internationally• Galaxy sold 80k BTC recently absorbed by marketTimestamps:00:00 Start02:19 Paper Bitcoin Summer05:25 Treasury company bull case11:27 Why now?15:12 How many companies can do this?20:22 IPO vs SPAC22:45 Why BTC & not other commodities?26:01 Market liquidity29:01 Marketing as asset34:04 Vibes Capital Markets39:46 Paper Bitcoin Maxi45:57 Nakamoto's future50:34 Amanda & Branden53:17 Wrap up-
The whales are typically found in areas of the ocean with 15-30% sea ice cover in the summer months, but the Arctic is changing rapidly as the climate warms. Learn more at https://www.yaleclimateconnections.org/
Apple has denied Elon Musk's accusation that it's favoring OpenAI in its App Store rankings and making it impossible for other AI companies to reach the top. In a statement sent to Bloomberg, Apple said the App Store is "designed to be fair and free of bias." In other news, Google is officially rolling out Preferred Sources, which lets you curate search results. The feature allows you to pick specific or "preferred" sources, like a certain blog or news outlet, and see them more prominently when you use Google Search; and databases used by US federal courts for sharing and managing case documents have been hacked. Politico first reported on the hack last week on August 6; yesterday, an investigation from The New York Times stated that Russia is suspected to be involved in the attack. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices
A look at the performance landscape and outlook for preferred securities through 2H25, including a review of sector risks and opportunities. Featured is Frank Sileo, Senior Fixed Income Strategist Americas, UBS Chief Investment Office. Host: Daniel Cassidy
Karl and Chief kick off our show with a conversation about the access to information, inflation and stock trading. Joel calls in to discuss the signs of a healthy economy. Finally, Hal joins Chief on the air to talk about the “buy the dip”, unemployment, and Trump.
In this episode, Stephan Livera and Jad Mubaslat discuss the emerging trend of Bitcoin treasury companies, exploring the potential risks and rewards associated with investing in these entities. Jad expresses skepticism about the sustainability of these companies, particularly regarding their cash flow and financial engineering strategies. The conversation delves into the implications of convertible notes versus preferred shares, tax considerations, and the historical context of financial bubbles. Ultimately, both acknowledge the importance of self-custodying Bitcoin while considering the role of treasury companies in the evolving financial landscape.Takeaways
Rich Clark, CFP Exectuive Director on preferred playoff format and getting things done by Ed Lane
In this episode of The Note Closer Show, Scott Carson welcomes Thomas Black, MD, and Cole Oliver, the driving forces behind BlackRidge Capital, to delve into the intricacies of capital raising and navigating today's dynamic markets. Discover their unique insights on building investor relationships, managing risk, and identifying opportunities across various asset classes from someone who has raised over $100 million in private capital and exited over 30 different funds.Key Points Covered:BlackRidge: Focuses on strategic, value driven raising.Authenticity & transparency is key.Operations over marketing.Prioritize safety & predictable cash flow.Managed market challenges w/ communication.Preferred asset classes: industrial, raw land, distressed debt, affordable housing.Due diligence: Assess leadership & risk skills.Geographic focus: High-growth Texas, tax-efficient states.Avoid overpromising & understand deal pitfalls.AI: Content, analysis, client outreach.Invest in value.Thomas and Cole offer invaluable insights into raising capital, navigating the markets, and building lasting investor relationships. By emphasizing authenticity, strategic risk assessment, and transparent communication, BlackRidge Capital is poised to continue its success.This provides a high-level overview of the key topics discussed in the podcast. If you want to learn more, listen to the whole episode and visit BlackRidge.financial.Watch the Original VIDEO HERE!Book a Call With Scott HERE!Sign up for the next FREE One-Day Note Class HERE!Sign up for the WCN Membership HERE!Sign up for the next Note Buying For Dummies Workshop HERE!Love the show? Subscribe, rate, review, and share!Here's How »Join the Note Closers Show community today:WeCloseNotes.comThe Note Closers Show FacebookThe Note Closers Show TwitterScott Carson LinkedInThe Note Closers Show YouTubeThe Note Closers Show VimeoThe Note Closers Show InstagramWe Close Notes PinterestBook a call with Scott today at HTTP://TalkWithScottCarson.com to see if 1:1 Note Coaching is right for you!
This episode is a repost of Jake's appearance on the Street Smart Success Podcast, hosted by Roger Becker. You can learn more about Street Smart Success here - https://www.streetsmartsuccess.com/ Jake shares his journey from working in his family's hotel business to building a portfolio of unique, experience-driven hotels. The conversation explores why commoditized limited-service hotels have become riskier assets, and why independent lifestyle hotels are now some of the most defensible real estate investments. Jake also explains DoveHill's current focus on preferred equity and bespoke equity investments, the operational insights that drive performance, and the long-term value of brand, location, and customer experience in the hospitality sector. We discuss: Why limited-service hotels are becoming riskier due to oversupply and commoditization How Jake evaluates hotel investments through revenue, profit, and guest satisfaction The value of great operators and how they can distinguish themselves with food and beverage, accounting, and margin control Why DoveHill is shifting away from new development and instead prioritizing preferred equity and opportunistic repositioning The importance of humility, persistence, and attention to detail in long-term success This episode is ideal for anyone investing in or operating within the hospitality space who wants a deeper understanding of today's market dynamics. Topics: (00:00:00) - Intro (00:01:40) - Jake's journey in the hospitality industry (00:04:18) - The evolution of hotel investments (00:05:29) - Challenges and opportunities in boutique hotels (00:08:53) - Focus on independent lifestyle hotels (00:15:59) - Preferred equity investments in hospitality (00:17:34) - Development and operational strategies (00:21:46) - Vetting partners in hotel investments (00:27:45) - Key metrics for hotel success (00:28:32) - Challenges in hotel operations (00:28:43) - Financial management in hotels (00:29:28) - Efficiency and profitability (00:30:22) - Value add strategies in hospitality (00:34:07) - Third party management in hotels (00:41:44) - Impact of external factors on hotels (00:44:51) - AI and innovation in hotel management (00:46:47) - Lessons learned and personal insights (00:50:11) - Conclusion and contact information
Dave and Alex welcome Ryan Searl to the show and we talk about his running journey, college track recruiting and sprinter training!
Bitcoin is up slightly at $119,206 Eth is up slightly at $3,708 XRP, is up slightly at $3.51 Strategy launches new preferred stock "STRC" Ark Invest offloads COIN shares Western Union explores stablecoins JPMorgan Chase exploring crypto borrowing SpaceX moves $150M worth of BTC. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Nick Kunze of Sanlam Private Wealth on Valterra Platinum's latest update, as flooding and lower PGM prices during the period hurt, and Hyprop's move to take a controlling interest in MAS Plc. Stonehage Fleming Global's Gerrit Smit weighs in on being careful with your diversification. And Tuesday Consulting's Julie Murray shares insights on succession planning in the evolving banking landscape.
JJ & Alex with Jeremiah Jensen and Alex Kirry on July 18, 2025. Big 10 vs SEC. Big 10 will not budge on change until SEC goes to 9 conference games Open Championship update Would You Rather? Cody Tucker, Wyoming football for 7220sports.com Bob Casper, Real Golf Radio The Top 10: Most used mascots in college athletics Chandler Holt, Digital writer for KSL Sports and host of the Jazz Notes podcast NFL Blitz: Can Shemar Stewart return to Texas A&M after being drafted by Bengals? Best and Worst of the Day
Hour 1 of JJ & Alex with Jeremiah Jensen and Alex Kirry. Big 10 vs SEC. Big 10 will not budge on change until SEC goes to 9 conference games Open Championship update Would You Rather?
Leila Rahimi explained why the Bears should've delayed their decision on general manager Ryan Poles' contract extension until after the 2025 season.
Fletcher and Chad dive deep into one of the most critical and often overlooked challenges in scaling a commercial construction business: taking the estimating hat off the owner's head. They explore: Why owners must eventually delegate estimating to scale effectively. The two main paths: grow an estimator internally vs. recruit one from a competitor. Growing your own estimators: Preferred degrees, expected timeline (3–5 years), and how to differentiate between technical estimating and executive pricing strategy. When to hold on to pricing and sales as an owner even after hiring an estimator. Outsourcing and offshoring estimating work: what works for trades, what doesn't for GCs, and how relationships remain key. How to attract experienced talent from competitors: understanding the top 3 gripes they have—compensation, lack of influence, and burnout in “bid factories.” Recruiting strategies: From warm outreach and pain-point probing to long-game relationship building with high ROI. Key Takeaways: Investing in the right estimator—whether a junior you train or a seasoned pro—can unlock millions in revenue growth. Don't confuse estimating with pricing or sales. Each has a distinct role and impact. Treat outsourced/offshored team members like internal staff: communicate, manage, and integrate them thoughtfully. Pay and empower your estimators—they're often your #1 revenue generator.
Ikhlas Tawazun membahas betapa pentingnya melihat supply chain beras dari segi keberlanjutan. Bersama Kiswara S. Prihandini (Program Manager Indonesia at Preferred by Nature) & Hafizh Mulia (Country Representative Indonesia at Preferred by Nature).Episode ini berkolaborasi dengan Preferred by Nature, sebuah organisasi nonpemerintah global yang bergerak di bidang keberlanjutan.Dukung channel kami melalui Trakteer:https://trakteer.id/kontekstualcomTemui kami di:Instagram: https://instagram.com/kontekstualcomX: https://x.com/kontekstualcom TikTok: https://tiktok.com/@kontekstualcomPodcaster:Ikhlas Tawazun (https://x.com/tawazunikhlas)Korespondensi kerja sama: kontekstual.indo@gmail.com
Ikhlas Tawazun membahas betapa pentingnya melihat supply chain beras dari segi keberlanjutan. Bersama Kiswara S. Prihandini & Hafizh Mulia dari Preferred by Nature. Episode ini berkolaborasi dengan Preferred by Nature, sebuah organisasi nonpemerintah global yang bergerak di bidang keberlanjutan.Dukung channel kami melalui Trakteer:https://trakteer.id/kontekstualcomTemui kami di:Instagram: https://instagram.com/kontekstualcom X: https://x.com/kontekstualcom TikTok: https://tiktok.com/@kontekstualcomPodcaster:Ikhlas Tawazun (https://x.com/tawazunikhlas)Korespondensi kerja sama: kontekstual.indo@gmail.com
Tony chats with Michelle Raue, EVP Chief Claims and Transformation Officer at Preferred Mutual. Michelle has had an incredible claims career and joins me on the show to talk about claims careers, mental health, innovation, and so much more. A cannot miss conversation!Michelle Raue: https://www.linkedin.com/in/michelleraue/Video Version: https://youtu.be/t1STEHxd_XI
The Break Room (THURSDAY 7/3/25) 6am Hour 1) Why does it seem the East Side has taken over the Rochester bakery game 2) Bobcat season 3) An honest review
In this encore presentation of Down the Garden Path, Joanne discusses some of the issues you may be experiencing with your hydrangeas this month and what you can do about them. Topics covered in this week's episode: Hydrangeas not blooming? Knowing what variety of hydrangea you have is the first step In Joanne's experience, if you have a nice large green bush but no or few flowers then you have a Macrophylla variety They bloom on old wood that is unfortunately susceptible to late spring frost damage The buds form on the old wood in early spring, and then a late frost comes and kills the buds The plant still grows nice and lush and you don't know anything is wrong until it doesn't flower. Extra water and fertilizer provide a nice full-leaved plant, but no blooms I have tried all the techniques to try and prevent this and protect the plant, but I gave up and replaced it with a hardier variety If you are in an area where you often get a late frost after a nice warm-up, then consider swapping to another variety Hydrangeas discussed: Macrophylla Paniculata Quercifolia Serrata Arborescence Which hydrangeas grow on old or new wood Hydrangeas getting too large/floppy? Preferred pruning practices Smaller variety recommendations of each type to have a hydrangea that stays smaller: Munchkin Oakleaf Hydrangea Invincibelle Wee White Hydrangea Invincibelle Limetta Little Lime or Bobo Hydrangeas All are a great way to have more hydrangeas in a smaller space Related Episodes/Resources Mentioned in the Show: Tips To Extend The Blooming Season Of Your Endless Summer Hydrangea Hydrangeas Hydrangeas Part One Hydrangeas Part Two BLOG POST -- Hydrangeas: When They Don't Work And What You Can Do About It Are you a landscape or gardening expert? We'd love to have you on the show! Click here to learn more. Find Down the Garden Path on Instagram, Facebook, and YouTube: @downthegardenpathpodcast. Down the Garden Path Podcast On Down The Garden Path, professional landscape designer Joanne Shaw discusses down-to-earth tips and advice for your plants, gardens and landscapes. As the owner of Down2Earth Landscape Design, Joanne Shaw has been designing beautiful gardens for homeowners east of Toronto for over a decade. She does her best to bring you interesting, relevant and useful topics to help you keep your garden as low-maintenance as possible. In Down the Garden Path: A Step-By-Step Guide to Your Ontario Garden, Joanne and fellow landscape designer Matthew Dressing distill their horticultural and design expertise and their combined experiences in helping others create and maintain thriving gardens into one easy-to-read monthly reference guide. Get your copy today on Amazon. Don't forget to check out Down the Garden Path on your favourite podcast app and subscribe! You can now catch the podcast on YouTube.
This is a replay of an episode originally aired on Apr 15, 2025. A Texas adjuster gets an assignment for a simple hail damage claim. He anticipates having to argue with the roofing contractor, debate whether overhead and profit is owed, deal with the supplementing company, receive an appraisal demand, and finally face a lawsuit. About Our Guest Steven J. Badger, Partner, Zelle LLP sbadger@zellelaw.com https://www.linkedin.com/in/steven-badger-467b0322/ Notable Timestamps [ 00:20 ] - Because of his years of experience, he knows that the 30 square comp shingle roof should cost about $20,000 to replace. (Amount provided is for reference and example purposes only.) [ 01:10 ] - For 34 years, Steve Badger has represented mostly the commercial property insurance industry, and for the past decade has focused on catastrophe, hail, and wind claims. [ 02:00 ] - Many policies allow the insurance company to replace the roof themselves through preferred contractors. [ 04:15 ] - Having an "preferred contract network" or "managed repair" endorsement can reduce ambiguity as compared to the base policy. [ 05:50 ] - Such endorsements could be optional or mandatory. [ 07:00 ] - Steve argues that these endorsements can be a win/win/win for the insurer, insured, and contractor. [ 08:20 ] - Steve explores the potential benefits of the endorsement, such as reduced deductibles. [ 09:15 ] - Invoking "our option" means that if-- for example-- the selected contractor floods the house, the insurer could be responsible. However, an endorsement in this style could allow the insured to choose to employ the network. Further, contractors in the network could assume the risk. [ 11:15 ] - Steve discusses industry interest in preventative solutions. [ 13:00 ] - Steve contrasts the contractor who put on the roof asking for a supplement to a separate company focused on supplementation, and shifts focus to the insured's needs. [ 16:10 ] - Steve provides a recap of the scenario and the points above. Your PLRB Resources Steve will be presenting at the Texas Hail Claims Conference on February 12-13, 2026 in Dallas. Recorded Webinar: Combatting Common Abuses and Schemes in CAT Claims - https://www.plrb.org/courses/combatting-common-abuses-and-schemes-in-cat-claims/ CE Course: Roofing Fraud: Don't Get Nailed - https://www.plrb.org/courses/roofing-fraud-dont-get-nailed/ Employees of member companies also have access to a searchable legal database, hundreds of hours of video trainings, building code materials, weather data, and even the ability to have your coverage questions answered by our team of attorneys (https://www.plrb.org/ask-plrb/) at no additional charge to you or your company. Subscribe to this Podcast Your Podcast App - Please subscribe and rate us on your favorite podcast app YouTube - Please like and subscribe at @plrb LinkedIN - Please follow at “Property and Liability Resource Bureau” Send us your Scenario! Please reach out to us at 630-509-8704 with your scenario! This could be your “adjuster story” sharing a situation from your claims experience, or a burning question you would like the team to answer. In any case, please omit any personal information as we will anonymize your story before we share. Just reach out to scenario@plrb.org. Legal Information The views and opinions expressed in this resource are those of the individual speaker and not necessarily those of the Property & Liability Resource Bureau (PLRB), its membership, or any organization with which the presenter is employed or affiliated. The information, ideas, and opinions are presented as information only and not as legal advice or offers of representation. Individual policy language and state laws vary, and listeners should rely on guidance from their companies and counsel as appropriate. Music: “Piece of Future” by Keyframe_Audio. Pixabay. Pixabay License. Font: Metropolis by Chris Simpson. SIL OFL 1.1. Icons: FontAwesome (SIL OFL 1.1) and Noun Project (royalty-free licenses purchased via subscription). Sound Effects: Pixabay (Pixabay License) and Freesound.org (CC0).
Ricochet Co-Founder Rob Long is in for Jim today. Join Rob and Greg for another round of the 3 Martini Lunch as they break down two major Supreme Court decisions, get Rob's thoughts as a longtime New York resident on the rise of Zohran Mamdani, and the one-year anniversary of the disastrous debate that ended Joe Biden's political career.First, they cheer a Supreme Court decision empowering parents to opt their children out of classroom instruction that promotes the LGBT agenda. The ruling affirms parental rights in education and sheds more light on activist agendas in public schools. Rob also offers a deal to teachers intent on pushing a progressive cultural agenda, but Greg isn't buying it. They also approve of the Supreme Court largely restraining federal district court judges from issuing orders that impact the entire nation.Next, Rob weighs in on New York City Democrats choosing Zohran Mamdani for mayor. As a longtime resident of the city, Rob says it's nothing new for voters there to choose "a crackpot, left-wing incompetent," but he is surprised they picked one so obvious. Rob explains how even parts of the Mamdani agenda would ruin the city and what his highest hopes for the next four years would be.Finally, they reflect upon the one-year anniversary of President Biden imploding any chances of re-election with his awful debate performance. Rob and Greg remember the most telling moments of the debate, the tumultuous aftermath, and how the White House and its media allies tried to cover up what more than two-thirds of Americans already knew. They also discuss the details of the Biden cover-up that we still need to know.Please visit our great sponsors:It's free, online, and easy to start—no strings attached. Enroll in American Foreign Policy with Hillsdale College. Visit https://Hillsdale.edu/MartiniFatty15 is on a mission to help you live healthier, longer. Get an additional 15% off their 90-day subscription Starter Kit by going to https://Fatty15.com/3ML and use code 3ML at checkout.
Ricochet Co-Founder Rob Long is in for Jim today. Join Rob and Greg for another round of the 3 Martini Lunch as they break down two major Supreme Court decisions, get Rob's thoughts as a longtime New York resident on the rise of Zohran Mamdani, and the one-year anniversary of the disastrous debate that ended Joe […]
On this episode of TCOAG, Harry Symeou continues to react to the news Arsenal are closing in on the signing of Christian Norgaard from Brentford. We'll react to the latest reports concerning Real Madrid star Rodrygo, discuss who the Gunners are prioritising, Sesko or Gyökeres & we'll take plenty of your thoughts/questions from the live chat. Viktor Gyökeres Scouting Video: https://www.patreon.com/posts/scouting-session-131522551?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link Benjamin Sesko Scouting Video: https://www.patreon.com/posts/scouting-session-130983051?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link Martin Zubimendi Scouting Video: https://www.patreon.com/posts/scouting-session-132096321?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link Support the podcast & access benefits by joining our Patreon page: https://patreon.com/thechroniclesofagooner?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink Follow Harry Symeou: https://www.instagram.com/harry_symeou/ https://twitter.com/HarrySymeou https://www.tiktok.com/@harrysymeou/ #arsenal #afc #transfers Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices
Irishwoman Ceila O'Dowd, the ambitious director of an English public art gallery, feels her latest curated exhibition represents the last chance for promotion and preferment.
The boys discuss possible destinations for Mitch Marner, including Chicago, Anaheim, Utah, Columbus, Seattle, Los Angeles and the Vegas Golden Knights. Sean, Frank and Sean stick tap the 2025 Hockey Hall of Fame class led by Alex Mogilny, and they talk about the Florida Panthers savage Stanley Cup celebrations.Hosts: Sean Gentille and Sean McIndoeWith: Frankie CorradoExecutive Producer: Chris FlanneryProducer: Jeff Domet Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
Bitcoin treasury strategies are all the rage, but are they actually sustainable?You're listening to Bitcoin Season 2. Subscribe to the newsletter, trusted by over 7,000 Bitcoiners: https://newsletter.blockspacemedia.comWelcome back to Bitcoin Season 2! Today, Colin and Charlie talk about the explosive growth of Bitcoin treasury companies and their financial engineering strategies. They break down Strategy's convertible debt playbook, examine why these companies trade at premiums to their Bitcoin holdings, and debate whether this trend is sustainable or an elaborate house of cards waiting to collapse.Subscribe to the newsletter! https://newsletter.blockspacemedia.com**Notes:**• MicroStrategy holds 592,100 Bitcoin• Q1 2025 revenue: $111 million • Convertible notes have 0-1% interest rates• Bitcoin needs to drop way low for liquidation• Preferred shares pay 8-10% dividends• Annual obligations: $10-20 billionTimestamps:00:00 Start02:59 Strategy (formerly micro)10:42 Types of companies15:13 Preferred stock24:57 Closed end fund dynamics-
TSN Hockey Insider Darren Dreger joined OverDrive to discuss the headlines around the offseason in the NHL, Nikolaj Ehlers' future in Winnipeg, the Panthers seeking to sign their star free agents, the Oilers' future and Connor McDavid's deal in Edmonton, Vancouver and Montreal making moves, teams getting in the mix and more.
In this episode, Natalie Brunell chats with Dylan Leclair, Director of Bitcoin Strategy at Metaplanet. What you'll learn: Why Metaplanet transitioned away from hotels to a Bitcoin-first strategy Tax advantages for Bitcoin equities based in Japan Why Metaplanet has been issuing strike warrants Metaplanet's 555 Million Plan How Michael Saylor is "fixing" the capital markets What are Strategy's $STRF, $STRK, and $STRD instruments? Why Dylan is bullish on $SMLR and other corporate Bitcoin treasuries ---- Coin Stories is powered by Bitwise. Bitwise has over $10B in client assets, 32 investment products, and a team of 100+ employees across the U.S. and Europe, all solely focused on Bitcoin and digital assets since 2017. Learn more at https://www.bitwiseinvestments.com ---- Coin Stories is also powered by Bitdeer Technologies Group (NASDAQ: BTDR) is a publicly-traded leader in Bitcoin mining and high-performance computing. Learn more at https://www.bitdeer.com ---- Natalie's Bitcoin Product and Event Links: Secure your Bitcoin with collaborative custody and set up your inheritance plan with Casa: https://www.casa.io/natalie Block's Bitkey Cold Storage Wallet was named to TIME's prestigious Best Inventions of 2024 in the category of Privacy & Security. Get 20% off using code STORIES at https://bitkey.world Master your Bitcoin self-custody with 1-on-1 help and gain peace of mind with the help of The Bitcoin Way: https://www.thebitcoinway.com/natalie For easy, low-cost, instant Bitcoin payments, I use Speed Lightning Wallet. Get 5000 sats when you download using this link and promo code COINSTORIES10: https://www.speed.app/sweepstakes-promocode/ Safely self-custody your Bitcoin with Coinkite and the ColdCard Wallet. Get 5% off: https://store.coinkite.com/promo/COINSTORIES River is where I DCA weekly and buy Bitcoin with the lowest fees in the industry: https://partner.river.com/natalie Earn 2-4% back in Bitcoin on all your purchases with the orange Gemini Bitcoin credit card: https://www.gemini.com/natalie Bitcoin 2026 will be here before you know it. Get 10% off Early Bird passes using the code HODL: https://tickets.b.tc/event/bitcoin-2026?promoCodeTask=apply&promoCodeInput= Protect yourself from SIM Swaps that can hack your accounts and steal your Bitcoin. Join America's most secure mobile service, trusted by CEOs, VIPs and top corporations: https://www.efani.com/natalie Your Bitcoin oasis awaits at Camp Nakamoto: A retreat for Bitcoiners, by Bitcoiners. Code HODL for discounted passes: https://massadoptionbtc.ticketspice.com/camp-nakamoto ---- This podcast is for educational purposes and should not be construed as official investment advice. ---- VALUE FOR VALUE — SUPPORT NATALIE'S SHOWS Strike ID https://strike.me/coinstoriesnat/ Cash App $CoinStories #money #Bitcoin #investing
You didn't start your business to stay stuck. If you're ready to finally hit 6 or 7 figures WITHOUT burning out — book a call with our team → https://weddingproceo.com/applicationGetting ghosted by venues when you ask to be on their preferred list? It's not you—it's your approach. In this episode, I'm sharing my real strategy behind becoming a go-to vendor at your favorite venues (without begging, bribing, or blending in). If you're ready to stop chasing referrals and start building relationships that actually lead to bookings, this one's for you. The (FREE!)ASSUME Sales Training: 2x your wedding bookings in 30 days—step by step. Thousands of wedding pros have already used it to land more clients immediately! http://weddingproceo.com/freetrainingorg========================= EPISODE SHOW NOTES BLOG & MORE:https://weddingproceo.com/how-to-get-on-venue-preferred-list/========================= Thank you for tuning in to this episode of the Wedding Pro CEO Podcast. If you find these strategies helpful, make sure to share this episode with your fellow wedding pros. And remember, in the world of weddings, it's all about building genuine relationships and showcasing your best work. Until next time, keep shining, CEOs!PLEASE SUPPORT THE PODCAST! LEAVE A REVIEW HERE: https://ratethispodcast.com/swdHave a question you'd like Brandee to answer? Ask here: http://bit.ly/3ZoqPmz=========================Take the Wedding Pro CEO's free GAP assessmentSupport the show
Griffin Thomas is the owner of Preferred Pest Management (https://preferredpestmanagement.org/) as well as Griffin Thomas Inc.Check out his Youtube!: https://www.youtube.com/@GriffinThomasMFCEOThe Pest Control Millionaire Podcast is all about helping small business owners scale their lawn and pest companies by talking to experts in the service industry.For business coaching and mentorship, visit pestcontrolmillionaire.com.Send your business and entrepreneurship questions to info@pestcontrolmillionaire.com and we'll answer them on the show!Produced by Sofia Salaverri and Dalton Fisher, Fisher Multimedia LLCFisherMultiMedia.com
On this episode, we sit down with Lindsey Ueberroth, CEO of Preferred Hotels & Resorts. From her family's bold acquisition of the brand to her leadership in shaping global luxury travel trends, Lindsey shares a candid look into what it takes to lead with purpose, evolve with the market, and inspire a new era of independent hospitality.With over 100 countries under her belt and a passion for curating meaningful travel, Lindsey offers insights that will resonate with hoteliers, entrepreneurs, and experience-driven brands alike.Key Topics Discussed:How Preferred Hotels & Resorts was acquired and revitalizedThe 2015 rebrand and the creation of the brand's five hotel collectionsBuilding a points-based loyalty program that works for independentsWhy more hotels are de-flagging and choosing independenceHow to foster authenticity while maintaining consistent qualityTune in to hear how Lindsey is redefining what it means to lead in the world of independent luxury travel.Watch the FULL EPISODE on YouTube: https://youtu.be/5PeDfzFA2VQ This episode is sponsored by Actabl: https://actabl.com/Join the conversation on today's episode on The Modern Hotelier LinkedIn pageThe Modern Hotelier is produced, edited, and published by Make More MediaLinks:LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lindseyueberroth/Preferred Hotels: https://preferredhotels.com/Luxury Travel Report: https://preferredhotels.com/bulletin/preferred-hotels-resorts-launches-luxury-travel-report-2025For full show notes head to: https://themodernhotelier.com/episode/164Follow on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/the-...Connect with Steve and David:Steve: https://www.linkedin.com/in/%F0%9F%8E...David: https://www.linkedin.com/in/david-mil.
Marlins sweep Nationals! While Shohei Ohtani returns to pitching Memphis Grizzlies pick up a haul from the Orlando Magic while dealing Desmond Bane The guys are shocked that the 3rd best Grizzlies player went for 4 draft picks Tobin compares this situation to that of the Rudy Gobert or Mikal Bridges trade What will be the ripple effect for the teams involved and the league as a whole Show Pony continues to stress how Good Desmond Bane is, while still being baffled by his trade value Tobin gives us his POV from this weekend's Dirty Boxing event as he fights off Whale Noise instincts Shams reports HEAT in his top 3 trade destinations. We dive into this report Tobin feared HEAT were out of KD race following photo showing Jimmy Butler & Kevin Durant together in Paris Tobes explains the difference between the Jimmy Butler situation last year and KD's situation this year We get into a deeper conversation comparing the Two superstars We close the Hour out with Leroy's Game Balls and Game Bums! Leroy gives a shoutout to JJ spawn for his victory this weekend He then calls out the media for babying the Oilers in their coverage of the Stanley Cup Final Leroy Commends the Cats for being Battle tested in the finals Tobin is tickled by the Selfie he took this weekend with the GOAT We check in on the Jalen Ramsey sweepstakes as the trail has seemed to go cold Leroy explains why Chris Grier was so transparent when discussing Ramsey's situation We take some time to discuss Jon Bones Jones and his legacy
(HR.1) Father's Day Weekend proves Panthers are Oilers "Papa". Lead series 3-2 The guys recap their Father's day weekend festivities Leroy clues us in on the winner of the latest PGA tournament Panthers 1 win away from hoisting Lord Stanley after 5-2 dismantling of the Oilers Tobin details his experience calling Dirty Boxing while attempting to enjoy the Panthers Win On top of all that, Kevin Durant's preferred trade destination is revealed while Ole Tobe's is on Air We hear Brad Marchand's Goal Calls following his amazing performance The guys take a look at the odds of the Conn Smythe Trophy Winner Will Sam Bennett or Brad Marchand take it home or Will the NHL pull another fast one and go McDavid? How much did the 1 day trip to Edmonton affect the fatigue of both teams Leroy Calls back to the brutal road stretch the Cats faced early on this season Leroy breaks down his Hot Tub watching scenario as he continues to follow his tradition We get unsettling news about the status of the Panthers ceremonial Drum Banging Tobin issues rules and regulations for the tradition ahead of Game 6 We get the Real facts on the Dolphins record while banging the Drum for the Cats Tobin explains the significance of following superstitions on the road to victory Paul Maurice discusses the chemistry between Bennett & Marchand Brad discusses his highlight worthy goal The guys discuss Edmonton's troubled Goalie situation (HR.2) HEAT listed as 1 of 3 preferred destinations for Kevin Durant Marlins sweep Nationals! While Shohei Ohtani returns to pitching Memphis Grizzlies pick up a haul from the Orlando Magic while dealing Desmond Bane The guys are shocked that the 3rd best Grizzlies player went for 4 draft picks Tobin compares this situation to that of the Rudy Gobert or Mikal Bridges trade What will be the ripple effect for the teams involved and the league as a whole Show Pony continues to stress how Good Desmond Bane is, while still being baffled by his trade value Tobin gives us his POV from this weekend's Dirty Boxing event as he fights off Whale Noise instincts Shams reports HEAT in KD's top 3 trade destinations. We dive into this report Tobin feared HEAT were out of KD race following photo showing Jimmy Butler & Kevin Durant together in Paris Tobes explains the difference between the Jimmy Butler situation last year and KD's situation this year We get into a deeper conversation comparing the Two superstars We close the Hour out with Leroy's Game Balls and Game Bums! Leroy gives a shoutout to JJ spawn for his victory this weekend He then calls out the media for babying the Oilers in their coverage of the Stanley Cup Final Leroy Commends the Cats for being Battle tested in the finals Tobin is tickled by the Selfie he took this weekend with the GOAT We check in on the Jalen Ramsey sweepstakes as the trail has seemed to go cold Leroy explains why Chris Grier was so transparent when discussing Ramsey's situation We take some time to discuss Jon Bones Jones and his legacy (HR.3) Stephen A. Smith Caught Red Handed! Tobin gives us our latest headlines as we get pumped for Game 6! We take time to drink the TNT broadcast's tears as they "Weep" for the Oilers Windy reports Suns unhappy with all current offers for Kevin Durant Leroy Laughs at the arrogance of the New York Knicks We review the offers on the table for KD and determine what it will take to reel in the big fish Is acquiring Durant as simple as the HEAT giving up Kel'El Ware? Are we witnessing the new standard in the NBA in regards to managing 3 superstars Stephen A. Caught in 4k! The world renowned sports analyst is caught playing Solitaire during the NBA finals He then Lies about the timing of his unfortunate photo We discuss how bad of a look this is for him and the NBA Panthers speaking at the moment, we peak into the presser Mathew Tkachuk speaks on Bobrovsky's value and how he was told there was 50% chance he'd miss playoffs Tkachuk describes the home town support Paul M ...
Brian Windhorst is joined by ESPN's Tim Bontemps and Tim MacMahon to preview Game 5 of the NBA Finals between the OKC Thunder and Indiana Pacers from the Tipsy Tiki in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The guys break down SGA's controversial clutch shot, the refereeing in Game 4 and the trends you need to look out for in Game 5 including 3-point shooting, the Thunder's screening, the key player for the Pacers and more. Then, the guys break down the significance of Desmond Bane being traded from Memphis to Orlando and what it signifies going forward for both teams. Finally, the crew debates if Kevin Durant's 3 preferred trade destinations will work for the Suns as well. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices
Brian Windhorst is joined by ESPN's Tim Bontemps and Tim MacMahon to preview Game 5 of the NBA Finals between the OKC Thunder and Indiana Pacers from the Tipsy Tiki in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The guys break down SGA's controversial clutch shot, the refereeing in Game 4 and the trends you need to look out for in Game 5 including 3-point shooting, the Thunder's screening, the key player for the Pacers and more. Then, the guys break down the significance of Desmond Bane being traded from Memphis to Orlando and what it signifies going forward for both teams. Finally, the crew debates if Kevin Durant's 3 preferred trade destinations will work for the Suns as well. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices
Post-Gazette sports columnist Paul Zeise reacts to the day in Pittsburgh sports news LIVE around 5 p.m. from the U.S. Open at Oakmont Country Club. He gives his thoughts on a report by ESPN's Adam Schefter that Aaron Rodgers was actually the Steelers' third choice at QB and that the team preferred Justin Fields and the Los Angeles Rams' Matthew Stafford before turning to the veteran. He also has some closing comments on minicamp with T.J. Watt's contract dispute still unresolved. Later, Paul talks U.S. Open, as top names like Rory McIlroy, Scottie Scheffler and Bryson DeChambeau continue to chase J.J. Spaun on the leaderboard.
I love hearing the information you want to know! This week... I answered questions you submitted on an Instagram question sticker about pyoderma. Why does it happen? Is cytology really that necessary (hint: YES!)? When to culture?Learn the answers to your pesky pyoderma questions on this week's episode of The Derm Vet podcast!TIMESTAMPS00:00 Intro01:09 What is the cause of Pyoderma?02:54 Why does the crust build up?03:42 Is it necessary to collect cytology if you see pustules?05:37 JAK inhibitors aren't labeled for pyoderma, is that correct?07:24 Cephalexin09:09 Standard length of time for antibiotics11:52 Preferred topical treatment13:41 When do you decide to perform a bacterial culture?15:28 Outro
On the 340th episode of You Know I'm Right, Nick Durst and Joe Calabrese are joined by one half of the WWE Women's tag team champions, Raquel Rodriguez to discuss: - First app she checks in the morning - Preferred airline and how many frequent flyer miles does she have? - Playing college basketball at Texas A&M–Kingsville Javelinas and then Sam Houston State University where she continued her collegiate basketball career, and she earned her bachelor's degree in Mass Communication - Growing up in Texas and having a father (Rick Gonzalez) who was a pro wrestler - Wrestlers that inspired her to get into wrestling - Starting wrestling school and then briefly working on the independent circuit - How did she end up in the WWE Performance Center and NXT - Winning the NXT women's title - Getting called up to the main WWE roster, was she nervous? - Tagging with Liv Morgan and ultimately color coordinating for Wrestlemania - Show day routine - Favorite cities - Traveling with the championship title - First time seeing her WWE shop page, action figure and herself in a video game - A celebrity she would like to wrestle - You Know I'm Right moment https://linktr.ee/youknowimright Follow our show on instagram - instagram.com/YKIRPodcast Like our show on facebook - https://www.facebook.com/YouKnowImRightPodcast Follow our show on twitter - twitter.com/YKIRPodcast Follow Nick on twitter - twitter.com/Nick_Durst Follow Joe on twitter - twitter.com/JCalabrese1
We see a creature near us, and we describe it as a dog. Why that and not "mammal" or "animal"? And if that dog's a Springer Spaniel, and we know it's a Springer Spaniel, why do we nevertheless call it a "dog"? In an apparent digression, I discuss the idea in cognitive science of a "basic level of categorization" (or abstraction). While we construct hierarchies and taxonomies, we tend to operate at one specific level: one that's not too abstract and not too concrete. SourcesGeorge Lakoff, Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind, 1987.Gregory L. Murphy, The Big Book of Concepts, 2002.Daniel Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow, 2024. CreditsThe image of the dog and cat is via https://fondosymas.blogspot.com. It is licensed as Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 3.0 España.
This episode of the podcast welcomes Dr. Kelly Keating, DACVP, DACVD. Dr. Keating sees clinical dermatology cases in Las Vegas and reviews dermatopathology. So, she has experience collecting the biopsy samples herself and reading them!Dr. Keating provides insight on how to maximize your histopathology findings and work with your dermatopathologist to get a diagnosis. Nobody wants to get back non-specific inflammation!You can go to https://www.animaldermatology.com/dermatopathology-services if you are interested in submitting to Animal Dermatopathology Services!TIMESTAMPS00:00 Intro01:13 Most common mistakes you see with submissions to skin biopsy?04:46 How much does having a submission of history help you when you do get a sample?09:21 Tips for general practitioners who are submitting biopsies12:04 Tips for mass removals14:46 Site selection18:28 Biopsy an ulcer20:14 Preferred withdrawal time24:25 How often do you see infections covering up what you need to see?27:40 What are special stains?30:05 Tissue Culture explanation 33:18 Biopsy Ear Tips35:10 Where people can send Dr. Keating samples36:47 Outro
Can hybrid grapes revolutionize the wine world? Adam Huss — Host of the Beyond Organic podcast and Co-owner of Centralas Cellars breaks down what a hybrid truly is, explaining how traditional breeding — and nature itself — has long crossed grape species. With over 70 grape species worldwide, today's modern hybrids are the result of generations of crossing, backcrossing, and innovation. We explore the impact of WWII on agriculture, France's ban on hybrids in appellation wines, and why developing new hybrids is critical for disease resistance, flavor discovery, and more sustainable farming. Plus, Adam shares insights into trialing the “married vine” system — a potential game-changer for soil health, pest management, and flavor expression. Resources: 135: Cold Hardiness of Grapevines 217: Combating Climate Chaos with Adaptive Winegrape Varieties 227: Andy Walkers' Pierces Disease-Resistant Grapes are a Success at Ojai Vineyard Adam Huss – LinkedIn Centralas Organic Wine Podcast South Central Los Angeles Couple Opens New Winery Dedicated to Organic Values, Transparency, Inclusion Wine's F- Word Vineyard Team Programs: Juan Nevarez Memorial Scholarship - Donate SIP Certified – Show your care for the people and planet Sustainable Ag Expo – The premiere winegrowing event of the year Vineyard Team – Become a Member Get More Subscribe wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org. Transcript [00:00:03] Beth Vukmanic: Welcome to Sustainable Wine Growing with Vineyard Team, where we bring you the latest in science and research for the wine industry. I'm Beth Vukmanic, Executive Director [00:00:13] In today's podcast, Craig Macmillan, critical resource manager at Niner Wine Estates with longtime SIP Certified Vineyard in the first ever. SIP Certified Winery speaks with Adam Huss, host of the Beyond Organic Podcast and co-owner of Centralis Cellars. [00:00:32] Adam breaks down what a hybrid truly is, explaining how traditional breeding and nature itself has long crossed grape species with over 70 grape species worldwide. Today's modern hybrids are the result of generations of crossing, backcrossing, and innovation. [00:00:50] We explore the impact of World War II on agriculture, France's ban on hybrids and Appalachian wines, and why developing new hybrids is critical for disease resistance, flavor discovery, and more sustainable farming. [00:01:03] Plus, Adam shares insights into trialing the married vine system, a potential game changer for soil health, pest management, and flavor expression. [00:01:12] When Lizbeth didn't get into nursing school on her first try, she could have given up. Instead, she partnered with her mentor Alex, to make a new plan, attend classes part-time, build up her resume and get hands-on hospital work experience. Now Lizbeth has been accepted into Cuesta College's nursing program and her dream of becoming a nurse is back on track. [00:01:36] Lizbeth is a Vineyard Team, Juan Nevarez Memorial Scholar. You can help more students like her who are the children of Vineyard and winery workers reach their dreams of earning a degree by donating to the Juan Nevarez Memorial Scholarship. Just go to vineyardteam.org/donate. [00:01:53] Now let's listen in. [00:01:58] Craig Macmillan: Our guest today is Adam Huss. He is the host of the Beyond Organic Podcast and also co-owner of Centralis Winery in Los Angeles, California. And today we're gonna talk about hybrid grape varieties. Welcome to the podcast, Adam. [00:02:11] Adam Huss: Thanks, Craig. I really appreciate it. Thanks for having me. [00:02:17] Craig Macmillan: So let's just start with the basics. What are hybrid grape varieties? [00:02:22] Adam Huss: I should also say I'm a fan of your podcast as well, so it's really fun to be here. [00:02:26] Craig Macmillan: Thank you. Thank you. [00:02:28] Adam Huss: Been listening for a while. So hybrids, I mean, it's really simple. It's funny, I see stuff on Instagram sometimes where people just are so misinformed and they think that, you know, hybrid means like GMO or something like that. [00:02:41] A hybrid simply is just, you take pollen from grape X, you put it on flowers from grape y, and if those two grapes are from different species, you have a hybrid. If they're from the same species, you just have a cross, and this is something that has been part of traditional breeding since forever. It's also what happens naturally in the wild. [00:03:00] Or I hate, I actually just use two words I try not to use at all, which is like natural and wild, but in forests and streams forests and backyards without human intervention, these pollen get exchanged by wind and everything else and have led to, you know, some of the more. Old popular varieties of grapes that are, considered hybrids that we know of now, like Norton and Isabella and Kaaba. [00:03:23] Nobody actually crossed them. They just happened. So yeah, that's, that's a hybrid. It's very simple. [00:03:29] Craig Macmillan: That's what they are, what aren't they and what are some of the myths surrounding them? [00:03:33] Adam Huss: yeah, great question. You can't generalize about hybrids. Generally speaking. So that's really important thing for people to wrap their heads around, which is because. You know, we'll get into this, but so much, so many hybrids are, and just hybrids in general, are wrapped up in prejudice because we live in this sort of viniferous centric wine world. [00:03:56] You know, , those of us who are in wine, but there, you just can't generalize. The qualities of hybrids are just like humans. Like it depends on what your parents are. You know, you, you get different things every time you mix 'em up and you're not like your brother or sister. If you have a sibling, you know you're gonna be different from them even though you have the same parents. [00:04:13] So that's the same thing happens with grapes. There's genetic diversity and mutation happens and. For hybrids, , the possibilities, the potentials are literally infinite. It's pretty incredible to know that possibility exists. There are over 70 species of grapes on earth besides vitus vara, and if you cross any of those two varieties, yeah, you'll get a genetic cross that's 50 50 of, of two different species. [00:04:40] But that. Within that you could do that cross again and get a different variety of grape, even with the same cross. So it's just amazing. [00:04:51] The modern hybrids that are now out there are. Often multi-species crosses and have been crossed. Generationally again and again and back crossed and recrossed. And so, you know, I was just looking at a hybrid grape that had five species of grapes in its family tree. I mean, there are family trees that would make the royals blush, honestly, in some of these hybrids. [00:05:11] So it's not, it's not something that is just, can be just said. You can say one thing about it or that. And, and the idea of hybridizing doesn't imply anything at all, really, like it is just this process that happens that we've been doing for a long time. This might be a good thing to dispel some of the prejudices. [00:05:34] You know, something like the word foxy often gets thrown around when we start talking about hybrids. I did a whole podcast about this what's really interesting, I just brought this word up to a, a young couple here in LA who are growing grapes and they, they had no idea what I was talking about. [00:05:49] So that's kind of encouraging. Like in, in the younger generations, these prejudices and some of these words that we inherited from the last century , are dying out truly. Which is great, but it still persists and you still hear it a lot and. If anybody goes online and researches some of these grapes, so much of the information available online is actually still misinformation and prejudiced because it comes from this vinifirous centric culture. [00:06:15] And so it's really important for people to understand that like foxy is not what it sounds like. It sounds like it would be this animalistic, musky, maybe scent gland tinged aroma, flavor thing, but. If you taste the grapes that are known as foxy and you go, you know, start researching this by tasting, you'll find that it's actually kind of delicious. [00:06:37] It's usually fruity and you know, candy like strawberry raspberry flavors. And for those of us in the US. It's often something we associate with Grapiness because of Welchs. And the flavors of Welchs, which come from the Concord grape, which is a Foxy grape, are these grapey flavors that we grew up with. [00:06:57] This sense of like grape candy and stuff like that. And that's a lot of times what you find in these, but again, it depends a lot on. The level of the compounds that are in that specific hybrid. Again, you can't, you can't generalize. And just like with anything, if you mix different compounds together, you'll get these nuances and you might have some of that flavor or aroma, but it'll be blended with other things. [00:07:17] And so it takes on new characteristics. So it's way more complex than just thinking like a. All grapes that are hybridized are foxy. That's absolutely not true. Or that foxy is this monolithic thing or that foxy is bad. None of those are true. And then really the other thing to realize is in. Grapes in the native North American varieties of species of grapes. [00:07:41] There's really only one that has been used traditionally in grape breeding and hybridization that has these flavors. And that's Vitus labrusca. It just happened to be used quite a bit because it's endemic to the East coast where a lot of the Europeans who started all this breeding were living and, and it was, you know, very readily apparent in the forest of the East coast. [00:07:59] So that. Got used a lot and it's also got a lot of great qualities of fungal resistance and stuff like that. Muscadine is the other grape that has it, but it's got a different genetic structure so it doesn't get crossed a lot or hybridized a lot. [00:08:11] Craig Macmillan: So like, what are the advantages of hybrids where you take vinifira and you cross it with a Native American indigenous grape? What are the benefits? [00:08:21] Adam Huss: Yeah. Another great question. Just , the historical perspective on this is really important. I think. So, you know, Europeans came here a couple hundred years ago, and eventually they brought some of their favorite plants over, one of which were their grapes. And what they noticed right away is that their grapes, I. [00:08:38] Suffered and died without exception, just across the board. Anything they brought over grape wise just kept dying, kept dying. You know, many people tried for a century at least, you know, including people like Thomas Jefferson, people with enormous amounts of resources, and they just failed. They failed to grow these grapes. [00:08:56] Meanwhile, you know, these things like. Norton, this, these hybridized grapes started developing and people noticed like, oh, this grape, it's crossing with some of , the local varieties and it's doing really well. So they began to realize, like they didn't know then that part of, one of the benefits that you get is phylloxera resistance, for example. [00:09:16] But that was a big one and came to save, you know, Europe's wine industry at the end of the 19th century. But also you have these grapes that . Evolved with the fungal pathogens of this, of these climates of North America and other places around the planet. So they've developed resistance and tolerance for all these things. [00:09:38] And so when you cross them with vinifira, you get some of the desirable characteristics that you might like from Vera, and hopefully you'll get some of that, you know, hardiness and fungal resistance and some of the other, just. General benefits of having hybridized interesting new flavors and characteristics [00:09:56] Craig Macmillan: have you seen some examples of this in your, in your travels? [00:10:01] Adam Huss: the fungal resistance and things like [00:10:03] Craig Macmillan: resistance or Pierces disease resistance or anything like that. [00:10:07] Adam Huss: Oh yeah. I mean, I. Whew, so many. I mean, the fact that people can grow grapes organically in Vermont for example, relies almost entirely on hybrids. You know, first of all, they have extremely cold winters there. They have extremely wet, hot, humid summers there. And if you try to grow vinifera there the only way to do it is with chemicals and, and a lot of heartache and, and high risk agriculture. [00:10:35] But here we have somebody like Matt Niess, who's working entirely with hybrids, with his winery, north American Press, and basically he's not using any sprays in any of his vineyards in here in California because these. These grapes have genetics that developed for resistance to the fungal pathogens of the East Coast. [00:10:55] And so you bring them to this nice dry, you know, Mediterranean climate, they're just like, they're crazy. They're like you know, they're, you can basically spray free now. I mean, some people have a problem with zero sprays because they don't want things to develop, but he has a 70-year-old baco noir vineyard, for example, that's in like a wet region in Sonoma that. [00:11:18] He has never sprayed and it's pumping out grapes and looking beautiful every year. And the really interesting thing about it's, there are some inter plantations of vinfiera in that like somebody. Planted something. Maybe it was Pinot Noir in with the Baco. It's like one every, you know, like there's only a few, a handful of these scattered throughout the acre of the Baco noir, and you can tell which ones those are every year because they're just decimated by mildew by the end of the year, whereas the Baco is just spotless and beautiful. [00:11:46] So that's a really like obvious, [00:11:49] Craig Macmillan: What are the wines like? The bako noir? I've never had a bako noir. [00:11:53] Adam Huss: Oh, his wines. Well, so Baco is nice. It's, I mean, it's higher acid. It's almost like a high acid. Gosh, I don't know what, it's hard. I, I, I hate to go down the rabbit hole of like trying to compare it to a vinifira, but it is unique. But it's a deep red almost interior, like with deep purple, higher acid flavors, but pretty balanced, really luscious. Dark fruited flavors maybe a little. Like Syrah, like meatiness, there may be a touch. You might find that it depends on the year. He's had a couple different vintages, so it's been really interesting to see. I'm, I'm kinda like loving following that year by year, seeing the vintage variation and what. [00:12:35] Different things come out because nobody's really doing this. Nobody's, nobody's experimenting with these. So we don't really know how they'll do in, in California other than what he's doing. And just a couple other growers. But he also this year introduced awba for the first time back into California. [00:12:50] The last catawba Vines were ripped out of California in like the sixties, and he, planted some and finally was able to harvest a crop this year and released what was once. California, I mean, the America's most popular wine from the Ohio River Valley is sparkling catawba, and it's like pink and just delicious, beautiful, beautiful stuff. [00:13:10] If I can step back, I think a lot of the discussion of hybrids, again, comes from this perspective of vinifira culture and how do we. Help vinifera become better. How do we use these hybrids as a tool to help, you know, this sort of vinifira centric culture? But I, I would, I'd like to reframe it. [00:13:31] I think a better way to look at this is hybridization is kind of just what we always do with agriculture. It's how you evolve and adapt your agriculture. Ecologically in the absence of modern chemistry that we have. So like before World War ii, and part of, and this is part of the history, France's history too, is like, you know, we had RA decimating their, their vineyards as well as. , we didn't just bring phylloxera back from North America, we brought BlackRock, Downey mildew, powdery mildew. So , their vines were just like dying. Like they were just dying. And so there was this urgent need and a lot of the hybridization, a lot of, some of our, you know, hybrids like Save El Blanc and things like that. [00:14:15] Came from French breeders who were just trying to save the French wine industry. Like they just wanted to have wine, let alone vinifira. You know, it was that. It was pretty bad at the end of that set, you know? And so they developed these new things and then we, you know, things like Isabella and catawba and things like that were coming over from North America, some of our hybrids that came from here, and pretty soon they had these really productive, really hardy vines with new, interesting flavors that. [00:14:41] People kinda liked 'cause they are like fruity and delicious and interesting and new and, and if you're a farmer and you have less inputs and you get a more productive, like higher yields on your vine, like, it's just kind of a no-brainer. And so people were just planting these things. They really were taking off. [00:14:59] And in 1934, the French were like, whoa, whoa, whoa. Like our, our, first of all, our. Ancient vinifera cultures are going to be completely diluted, but second of all, we're gonna devalue the market 'cause we're gonna have all this like, it's too abundant, you know? So they made, in 1934, they made hybrids illegal in the French Appalachians. [00:15:17] And so that legacy is something that still sticks with us. Of course then World War II happened and we. Didn't really pay much attention to wine at all 'cause we were just trying to survive. But once World War II was over and the the war machine transferred into the pesticide and industrial agricultural machine, the French realized they could keep Vera alive on root stocks of American hybrids or American native varieties by spraying them with these new novel chemistry chemicals. [00:15:49] And so then they started enforcing the ban on hybrids because they could, and they knew they could have the, this alternative. And so that's when you saw like they had their own sort of version of reefer madness where you, you saw a lot of misinformation and hyperbole and outright propaganda and lies about these, these grapes because they were trying to get them out of French vineyards. [00:16:10] It's important to realize that Ban the EU just lifted the ban on hybrids in Appalachian wine in 2021. So it's kind of not surprising that some of these prejudices and misinformation still persist today. We're not too far away from that. I. [00:16:26] Craig Macmillan: And, and why was the band lifted? Do you know? [00:16:30] Adam Huss: That's a great question. It's, it was lifted for ecological reasons because they're realizing these are really important to dealing with climate change. This is like, if you want a sustainable industry, you need to be able to adapt. When you're inside this, this world of vinifira, what I call the vinifira culture, which is, you know, very centered on Vera. [00:16:50] You don't realize how strange it is. You know, it's kind of like growing up with a, a weird family, you know? It's all you know, so you don't know how strange they are until you start seeing the rest of the world. But to think that, you know, 50 years ago we just decided that maybe like. 10 grapes were the pinnacle of viticultural achievement for all time, and we've basically invested all of our energies into, you know, propagating those around the planet and preserving them at all costs is kind of strange when you think about the whole history of agriculture. [00:17:20] And it's really only possible because of cheep fossil fuels and the novel chemistry that we. Have put into our systems. And so if you take those out, if you start thinking ecologically about how do you develop a wine system, I mean the question is like, does it make sense when farming in a world where the only constant is change and we just live in a dynamic world, does it make sense to try to do everything you can to prevent change? [00:17:45] Like is prevention of change like a good strategy? And so I think, you know, diversity and adaptation are. What have always worked, you know, historically through agriculture, and that's kind of the future. I mean, in a real sense, vinifera culture is the past and hybrids are the future. If we want to have a future, there's my enthusiastic, [00:18:09] Craig Macmillan: Well, I'd like you to expand a little bit more on that. 'cause we we have a group of hybrids that are well known or are commonly used. I've, I've been hearing about Marquette a lot more, um, As having a lot of potential WW. What does that future potentially look like and what are some things that would have to happen for that potential to be realized? [00:18:31] Adam Huss: So we have invested, you know, millions of dollars in time and energy and even policy into developing, , the chemicals that we now use to support our, viticulture. And to make it possible in places like Virginia, where, you know, they're developing a whole wine industry there around vinifira in a climate that is, you know, like I said, that was the climate that like Thomas Jefferson failed for and everyone else for hundreds of years failed to grow it there. [00:18:59] If we invested that same amount of time and energy and money into breeding programs and into. Research for the kinds of things that we're now discovering, like DNA markers so that we can have DNA marker assisted breeding. So you're, you're speeding up the breeding process by sometimes two, three years. [00:19:19] Which is, which is significant in a process that can take, you know, 10 to 20 years that any, any little bit helps. So that kinda stuff and just more of it, more private breeders, making it more valuable for private breeders. I always think it's really interesting that like billionaires would rather just do another sort of like cult. [00:19:39] Ego, Napa cab investment, you know, rather than like breed their own personal variety of grape that nobody else could have. I mean, I'm not recommending that, but like, to me that seems really interesting as an idea. You could just have your own proprietary grape variety if you wanted to, you know, but nobody's thinking that way. [00:19:58] But I would say breeding, putting our, our time and energy into breeding not new varieties is, . Really important and, and working with the ones that are already there, I mean. The only reason California's so such strangers to them is because it's so easy to grow here. You know, we're relatively speaking and I get that. [00:20:15] I mean, you know, people like what they like and, and change is hard and market conditions are what they are. But I think we're at a point where. Marking conditions are changed. Like I said, you know, this young couple I was just talking to don't, don't have never even heard the word foxy. And so I think there's a lot more openness to just what's in the glass. Now. [00:20:35] Craig Macmillan: So some. Of it's messaging. If we can have wines that people can taste and do it in a context that's new to them. So there may be an opportunity here with newer wine drinkers or younger wine drinkers potentially, is what it sounds like to me. [00:20:48] Adam Huss: Yeah, and I. I mean, some of this is also realizing all the different ways that hybrids are already being used and could be used. Like, you know, we know you mentioned Pierce's disease. Pierce's disease is this disease that's endemic to California and is heading north. I mean, it's really on the threshold of all of the major wine regions of, of California. [00:21:11] And the only ways . To stop it without hybrids, without resistant hybrids are, are pretty intense. You know, it's like eliminating habitat through, , basically creating a sterile medium of your vineyard and then spraying with insecticides, you know some, sometimes pretty intense insecticides. [00:21:29] The alternative though is there are now multiple varieties of grapes that are. Resistant to them that are tolerant to it so they, they can carry the bacteria, but it won't affect the health of the vine. Those were bred, some of them here, right here in California at uc Davis. And yet if you go to the University of California Agricultural Network Resources page that, you know, kind of handles all the IPM for California, sort of like the resource. [00:21:56] And if you read about Pierce's disease, it makes zero mention of using tolerant. Varieties as a management strategy. And it makes no mention that there are even are tolerant varieties to Pierce's disease as a management strategy. So just that kind of stuff is the shift that has to happen. 'cause it just shows how vinifera centric our entire industry is, like from the top down, even when there are these great strategies that you can use and start implementing to combat these things, ecologically versus chemically. [00:22:25] They're not there, you know, they're not being mentioned. So just little things like that would go a long way. Also, you know, I mean, one of my fun little facts is like. There are already hybrids being used significantly, like probably everybody on who's listening to this has, if you've bought a bottle of wine at a grocery store that was under 20 bucks, you've probably drunk hybrids because 10,000 acres of ruby red is grown in California to make mega purple and mega purples. Pretty much in every, like, you know, mass produced under $20 bottle of wine and it's got esra, Vitus, esra in it. So you've probably been drinking hybrids and not even known about it. [00:23:04] In terms of these Andy Walker hybrids, I do have a little that which were bred for Pierce's disease resistance. I also have kind of a fun story in that I, as you know, like we've, we've both talked to Adam Tolmach, who replanted a whole block that he lost to Pierce's disease with these hybrid varieties, and these are designed specifically to retain a lot of vinifira characteristics. They're like 97% back crossed to be. vinifira and 3% with Vitus, Arizona to have that Pierce's disease resistant specifically. So they don't have a lot of the other benefits that like a higher percentage of North American native varieties would have. Like they, they're still susceptible to powdery mildew and other mildew pretty, pretty intensely, [00:23:44] but just in terms of flavor for anybody who's out there. So I've, I've barrel tasted with Adam. Tasted each of those varieties individually out a barrel. And then we went to his tasting room and tried all of his wines and, and got to, and then he, instead of keeping, he has two red hybrid varieties, two white hybrid varieties, and he blends them and makes a, you know, a, a red blend and a white blend that he calls a state red and state white. [00:24:09] And we went to his tasting room and he makes beautiful wine. All of his wines are great, but no joke. Everybody in my party. Preferred the hybrids to like all of his pinots or raw chardonnay, I mean, I have no idea why. I mean, but, and that's just anecdotal, obviously nothing scientific, but the very least I can say the, the flavors are exciting and delicious. [00:24:29] Right. [00:24:30] Craig Macmillan: If you can get them in front of the consumer, [00:24:33] Adam Huss: Yeah. [00:24:33] Craig Macmillan: the key. That's really the key. [00:24:35] Adam Huss: Right, right, [00:24:36] Craig Macmillan: And for, your own wine making. Are you making wine from hybrids for yourself? [00:24:40] Adam Huss: Not yet just 'cause there are, there just aren't any in California very much, you know, I mean, it's like little patches here and little patches there. And the people that have them are using them for themself, you know, for their own growing. They've grown them specifically you know, Camus has planted some of these Andy Walker hybrids along their riparian corridors to prevent Pierce's disease. [00:24:58] Those varieties specifically are being used. I don't know if they're blending those in. With like their cab or whatever. I honestly think they could, but I don't know if they are. They're probably, I dunno what they're doing with them, but I do grow them here in Los Angeles and I'm, but they're, you know, it's like I'm trying out a bunch of different things, partly just to see how they do, because, you know, they haven't been grown here. [00:25:21] They were developed for colder, wetter climates and so, you know what, how will they grow here in Los Angeles? There's a lot of unanswered questions for some of these. [00:25:30] Craig Macmillan: You and I were chatting before the interview and you have a, a new project that you're very. Excited about tell us a little bit about that, because I thought that was pretty cool. [00:25:39] Adam Huss: Yeah. Thanks. So this past summer, my wife and I finalized the acquisition of this farm in upstate New York that I'm going to develop into a. Married Vine Vida Forestry Demonstration and Research Project. And, and married vines, essentially vines growing with living trees. [00:26:02] But the best way to think about it is if you know the three Sisters of Agriculture, the corn, beans and squash idea, where you plant these. This guild of, of a Polyculture guild, and they have these symbiotic stacking benefits and productivity. This is what a married vine polyculture is for perennial agriculture. And so I don't just see it as vine and tree, but also vine and tree, and then a ground cover and or small shrubs or things like that that are also perennials planted in a guild together to create these stacking benefits and productivity. [00:26:35] Multiple productivity layers as well as making it a grable system because the vines will be up in trees and and we're gonna call it the Beyond Organic Wine Forest Farm. [00:26:47] Craig Macmillan: So gimme some more detail on this. So like, what are the other plants that are in the forest and how are the vines, what's the spacing like? How, how many trees per vine or vine per tree? [00:27:01] How is the vine trellis? Um, I just, I'm really curious about this idea because this goes back to very, very ancient times. [00:27:09] Adam Huss: Yes. Yeah, yeah, [00:27:09] Craig Macmillan: Uh, that I've read about. I've never seen evidence of it, but I have been told that going back to like Roman times, they would plant grapevines, interplant with things like olives, [00:27:18] Adam Huss: yeah, yeah. Yeah. And [00:27:20] Craig Macmillan: use the olive as a trails. [00:27:22] I mean, is this the, is this the same kind of concept? [00:27:24] Adam Huss: You can see some of this still in Italy. So even pre roam the Etruscan times is what the oldest versions of this that are still visible in Campania, just north of Napoli, I think is the largest married vine system that is still in production. And I think it's about, it might be about 34 hectares of this variety where they have elm trees. That are really tall, full sized elm trees. [00:27:51] And then between them they sort of have wires or ropes between the trees and the vines grow up like up 15 meters. Like it's crazy. Like the guys that harvest this, they have like specially designed ladders that are built for their stance so that they can like lock into these 18 meter ladders and be up there like with a little pulley and a bucket, and they're lowering grapes down from way up in the end. [00:28:14] And you get. So many cool things about that, you know, the, the ripeness and the PHS of the grapes change, the higher you go up in that system. , the thinking is they might have even been used to like. Just inhibit invading armies because , it's like a wall of vines and trees that create like almost a perimeter thing. [00:28:33] That that's also how they're being used in Portugal, they are sort of like if you have a little parcel of land, you use trees and vines to create like a living fence keep your domestic animals inside. And animals that might eat them outside and protect, you know, from theft and things like that. [00:28:51] Keep all your crops in a little clo, like a little controlled area. There are old systems where. They're more like feto systems where they were using maple trees and just pollarding them at, at about head height. And every year, every year or two, they would come in and clip off all the new growth and feed it to the livestock. [00:29:10] And meanwhile, the vines were festooned between the, the maple trees is like, you know, just like a garland of, of grapevine. So there's a lot of different things. And what I wanna do is trial several of them. One of the most. Interesting ones that I just saw in whales uses living willows, where you literally just stick a willow slip in the ground, bend it over to the next one that's about a meter and a half away and attach it. [00:29:35] And so you have these arched willow branches that grow once you stick 'em in the ground. They start growing roots and they create like a head high trellis, like a elevated trellis system, and you plant vines in them. And, and it literally looks just like. Like a row of grapevines that you would find here, except the, the trellis is alive and there's no wires and, and you prune the tree when you prune the vine in the winter, you know? [00:29:58] And Willow, I, I don't know if you know, but the, the other interesting thing about that is like willow has been used historically that the salicylic acid is known. Obviously that's aspirin and stuff like that. That's where we get, you know, one of our oldest like pain relievers and things like that. [00:30:12] But. It's used in biodynamic preps as well as an antifungal. And so there's some thought that like this system could be really beneficial to the vines growing with those. Specifically for that, like for antifungal properties or just creating a, you know, showering the vines with this, this salicylic acid thing that will help them grow and have health throughout the season without, with, again, reduced need for sprays of anything. [00:30:37] Craig Macmillan: Yeah, and that was why I brought it up is because there's the idea of working with the natural ecology of what's in the germ plasm of native plants. I. Mixing with an import plant. [00:30:51] And then there's the other way of looking at it and saying, well, what, what about recreating the conditions under which this plant that has evolved in the first place? And I, I just think that there's really fascinating concept. It's really intriguing to me. [00:31:05] yeah. And there's so many different ways you could do it, and that's why it's interested in what you're planning on doing, because there's obviously a lot of ways you could do it. [00:31:11] Adam Huss: Yeah, I wanna experiment with several. Like you said, the, the soil benefits are incredible potentials. And then when you're also thinking about what do I do besides just vines and trees, and I mean, the other thing is like. How does it make the wine taste? Like if you plant a vine with an apple tree or a, a black locust tree, or a honey locust tree, or a, or a mulberry tree, like, does, is the vine happier with one of those trees? [00:31:35] You know what I mean? Does it, does it, you know, and if it is, does that make the wine taste better at the end of the day? All these are really fun questions for me. That's why I'm really excited to do it. But also like what are the benefits in terms of, you know, the health of the vine, the health of the tree? [00:31:50] Do they are, is there symbiotic elements? It seems like they would, I, I think a lot about what kind of mycorrhizal connections and associations the trees have, because we vines have our Arbuscular connections. And so if you plant them with a tree that has similar connections, they might actually have a symbiotic benefit. [00:32:07] They might increase that soil network even further. And then if you're planting shrubs like blueberries or flowers, you know, perennial flowers or Forbes and things like that, that could either be grazed or could be gathered or could be another crop even for you, or it could be a protective thing. [00:32:22] There are things like indigo that you might plant because. Deer don't like it. So you might want that growing around the base of your vine tree thing while it's young, because it will prevent the deer from grazing down your baby vines and trees, you know? And so there's just a, a myriad ways of thinking about these guilds that you can do. [00:32:39] Obviously these are, I. Yeah, they're, they're different. If I was doing it in California, if I was in California, I would be thinking more about olives and pomegranates and figs and things like that, you know, like there's a lot less water for growing trees here, so depending on where you are, unless you're on the coast. [00:32:55] Craig Macmillan: Are you planning on using hybrids in your project? [00:32:59] Adam Huss: Yeah. I don't know how I would do it any other way. Yeah, it's, definitely a climate that. If you try to grow ra, like you're just asking for trouble. And, and just, you know, because of my approach is so ecological, like I will attempt to be as minimal inputs as possible is the other way I look at it. [00:33:20] You know, try to just imitate what's happening around to, to see what that landscape wants to do and then how it. Maintains its health and resilience and maybe, and, and I mean, my, my ideal is to spray not at all. But you know, with not a dogma about that. If I see an issue or if I think like I'm building up these pathogen loads in the vineyard, maybe I'll spray once a year, even if they seem like they're doing okay. [00:33:47] You know, I'm not like dogmatic about nose spray, but I, it's a, it's a fun ideal to reach for. And I, you know, I think potentially with. Some of the symbiotic benefits of these systems that could be achievable with with the right hybrids. You know, I mean, again, I don't wanna generalize about hybrids because you have the Andy Walker hybrids on the one end, which you have to treat just like vinifira in terms of the spray program. [00:34:10] And then on the other hand, you have something like Petite Pearl or Norton, which is like in many cases is almost like a bulletproof. Grape, you know, and in California specifically, it would be like insanely. And then you have things right down the middle. Things like tranet that you know, is basically like, I could blind taste you on Tranet and you wouldn't be able to tell the difference between it and gewurztraminer . [00:34:31] But it's more cold, hearty, it has a little more disease resistance. Gives you a just a little bit, a little bit more of a benefit while still getting flavors that are familiar to you. If you like those flavors. [00:34:43] Craig Macmillan: Is there one thing that you would tell growers on this topic? One takeaway. [00:34:48] Adam Huss: Great question. I think give hybrids the same allowance that you give Vinifera. I. We all know there's a huge diversity of Vin Nira from Petite Ough to Riesling. And not everyone is right for every wine drinker and not all of them per perform the same in the vineyard. And, and you know, and we tolerate a lot of. [00:35:12] Frailty and a lot of feebleness in our veneer vines. We, we do a lot of care. We do a lot of like, you know, handholding for our veneer vines when necessary. If we extended the same courtesy to hybrids in terms of understanding and willingness to work with them. I think like that would just go a really long way too. [00:35:33] And I think we'd be surprised to find , they're a lot less handholding than, than Venire generally speaking. I. But also just try some. I think a lot of the prejudice comes from just not being exposed to them right now. You know, if you, if you think, if you're thinking negative thoughts about hybrids, get out there and drink some, you probably just haven't had enough yet. [00:35:51] And if you don't like the first one, you know, how many bad Cabernets have you had? I mean, if, if I had stopped drinking vinifira, I [00:35:59] Craig Macmillan: Yeah, that's, that's a really good point. If I judged every wine by the first wine that I tasted, that's probably not a very, [00:36:06] Adam Huss: right. [00:36:07] Craig Macmillan: good education there, [00:36:08] Adam Huss: Prevented me from exploring further, I would've missed out on some of the more profound taste experiences of my life if I'd let that, you know, guide my, you know, my thinking about it. So yeah, I think it's like anything with prejudice, once you get beyond it, it kind of, you see how silly it is, man. [00:36:25] It's, it's like so freeing and, and there's a whole world to explore out there. And like I said, I really think they're the future. Like if we wanna have a future, . We can only cling to the past for so long until it just becomes untenable. [00:36:38] Craig Macmillan: Right. Where can people find out more about you? [00:36:42] Adam Huss: So beyondorganicwine.com is the, the website for me. The email associate with that is connect@organicwinepodcast.com. [00:36:53] Craig Macmillan: Our guest today has been Adam Huss. He is the host of the Beyond Organic Podcast and is the co-owner of Centralas Wines in Los Angeles. [00:37:01] Thank you so much. This has been a really fascinating conversation and I'd love to connect with you at some point, talk more about. Out this, thanks for being on the podcast [00:37:08] Adam Huss: Thank you so much, Craig. Appreciate it. [00:37:13] Beth Vukmanic: Thank you for listening. Today's podcast was brought to you by VineQuest. A Viticultural consulting firm based in Paso Robles, California, offering expert services in sustainable farming, vineyard development, and pest management. With over 30 years of experience, they provide tailored solutions to enhance vineyard productivity and sustainability for wineries and agribusinesses across California. [00:37:38] Make sure you check out the show notes for links to Adam. His wine, brand, Centralis plus sustainable wine growing podcast episodes on this topic, 135 Cold hardiness of grapes 217. Combating climate chaos with adaptive wine, grape varieties, and 227. Andy Walker's Pierce's Disease resistant grapes are a success at Ojai Vineyard. [00:38:04] If you liked the show, do us a big favor by sharing it with a friend, subscribing and leaving us a review. You can find all of the podcasts at vineyardteam.org/podcast and you can reach us at podcast@vineyardteam.org. [00:38:19] Until next time, this is Sustainable Wine Growing with Vineyard Team. Nearly perfect transcription by Descript
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