Podcasts about celo

Join Kyle, Nader, Vibhu, and swyx live at NVIDIA GTC next week!Now that AIE Europe tix are ~sold out, our attention turns to Miami and World's Fair!The definitive AI Accelerator chip company has more than 10xed this AI Summer:And is now a $4.4 trillion megacorp… that is somehow still moving like a startup. We are blessed to have a unique relationship with our first ever NVIDIA guests: Kyle Kranen who gave a great inference keynote at the first World's Fair and is one of the leading architects of NVIDIA Dynamo (a Datacenter scale inference framework supporting SGLang, TRT-LLM, vLLM), and Nader Khalil, a friend of swyx from our days in Celo in The Arena, who has been drawing developers at GTC since before they were even a glimmer in the eye of NVIDIA:Nader discusses how NVIDIA Brev has drastically reduced the barriers to entry for developers to get a top of the line GPU up and running, and Kyle explains NVIDIA Dynamo as a data center scale inference engine that optimizes serving by scaling out, leveraging techniques like prefill/decode disaggregation, scheduling, and Kubernetes-based orchestration, framed around cost, latency, and quality tradeoffs. We also dive into Jensen's “SOL” (Speed of Light) first-principles urgency concept, long-context limits and model/hardware co-design, internal model APIs (https://build.nvidia.com), and upcoming Dynamo and agent sessions at GTC.Full Video pod on YouTubeTimestamps00:00 Agent Security Basics00:39 Podcast Welcome and Guests07:19 Acquisition and DevEx Shift13:48 SOL Culture and Dynamo Setup27:38 Why Scale Out Wins29:02 Scale Up Limits Explained30:24 From Laptop to Multi Node33:07 Cost Quality Latency Tradeoffs38:42 Disaggregation Prefill vs Decode41:05 Kubernetes Scaling with Grove43:20 Context Length and Co Design57:34 Security Meets Agents58:01 Agent Permissions Model59:10 Build Nvidia Inference Gateway01:01:52 Hackathons And Autonomy Dreams01:10:26 Local GPUs And Scaling Inference01:15:31 Long Running Agents And SF ReflectionsTranscriptAgent Security BasicsNader: Agents can do three things. They can access your files, they can access the internet, and then now they can write custom code and execute it. You literally only let an agent do two of those three things. If you can access your files and you can write custom code, you don't want internet access because that's one to see full vulnerability, right?If you have access to internet and your file system, you should know the full scope of what that agent's capable of doing. Otherwise, now we can get injected or something that can happen. And so that's a lot of what we've been thinking about is like, you know, how do we both enable this because it's clearly the future.But then also, you know, what, what are these enforcement points that we can start to like protect?swyx: All right.Podcast Welcome and Guestsswyx: Welcome to the Lean Space podcast in the Chromo studio. Welcome to all the guests here. Uh, we are back with our guest host Viu. Welcome. Good to have you back. And our friends, uh, Netter and Kyle from Nvidia. Welcome.Kyle: Yeah, thanks for having us.swyx: Yeah, thank you. Actually, I don't even know your titles.Uh, I know you're like architect something of Dynamo.Kyle: Yeah. I, I'm one of the engineering leaders [00:01:00] and a architects of Dynamo.swyx: And you're director of something and developers, developer tech.Nader: Yeah.swyx: You're the developers, developers, developers guy at nvidia,Nader: open source agent marketing, brev,swyx: and likeNader: Devrel tools and stuff.swyx: Yeah. BeenNader: the focus.swyx: And we're, we're kind of recording this ahead of Nvidia, GTC, which is coming to town, uh, again, uh, or taking over town, uh, which, uh, which we'll all be at. Um, and we'll talk a little bit about your sessions and stuff. Yeah.Nader: We're super excited for it.GTC Booth Stunt Storiesswyx: One of my favorite memories for Nader, like you always do like marketing stunts and like while you were at Rev, you like had this surfboard that you like, went down to GTC with and like, NA Nvidia apparently, like did so much that they bought you.Like what, what was that like? What was that?Nader: Yeah. Yeah, we, we, um. Our logo was a chaka. We, we, uh, we were always just kind of like trying to keep true to who we were. I think, you know, some stuff, startups, you're like trying to pretend that you're a bigger, more mature company than you are. And it was actually Evan Conrad from SF Compute who was just like, you guys are like previousswyx: guest.Yeah.Nader: Amazing. Oh, really? Amazing. Yeah. He was just like, guys, you're two dudes in the room. Why are you [00:02:00] pretending that you're not? Uh, and so then we were like, okay, let's make the logo a shaka. We brought surfboards to our booth to GTC and the energy was great. Yeah. Some palm trees too. They,Kyle: they actually poked out over like the, the walls so you could, you could see the bread booth.Oh, that's so funny. AndNader: no one else,Kyle: just from very far away.Nader: Oh, so you remember it backKyle: then? Yeah I remember it pre-acquisition. I was like, oh, those guys look cool,Nader: dude. That makes sense. ‘cause uh, we, so we signed up really last minute, and so we had the last booth. It was all the way in the corner. And so I was, I was worried that no one was gonna come.So that's why we had like the palm trees. We really came in with the surfboards. We even had one of our investors bring her dog and then she was just like walking the dog around to try to like, bring energy towards our booth. Yeah.swyx: Steph.Kyle: Yeah. Yeah, she's the best,swyx: you know, as a conference organizer, I love that.Right? Like, it's like everyone who sponsors a conference comes, does their booth. They're like, we are changing the future of ai or something, some generic b******t and like, no, like actually try to stand out, make it fun, right? And people still remember it after three years.Nader: Yeah. Yeah. You know what's so funny?I'll, I'll send, I'll give you this clip if you wanna, if you wanna add it [00:03:00] in, but, uh, my wife was at the time fiance, she was in medical school and she came to help us. ‘cause it was like a big moment for us. And so we, we bought this cricket, it's like a vinyl, like a vinyl, uh, printer. ‘cause like, how else are we gonna label the surfboard?So, we got a surfboard, luckily was able to purchase that on the company card. We got a cricket and it was just like fine tuning for enterprises or something like that, that we put on the. On the surfboard and it's 1:00 AM the day before we go to GTC. She's helping me put these like vinyl stickers on.And she goes, you son of, she's like, if you pull this off, you son of a b***h. And so, uh, right. Pretty much after the acquisition, I stitched that with the mag music acquisition. I sent it to our family group chat. Ohswyx: Yeah. No, well, she, she made a good choice there. Was that like basically the origin story for Launchable is that we, it was, and maybe we should explain what Brev is andNader: Yeah.Yeah. Uh, I mean, brev is just, it's a developer tool that makes it really easy to get a GPU. So we connect a bunch of different GPU sources. So the basics of it is like, how quickly can we SSH you into a G, into a GPU and whenever we would talk to users, they wanted A GPU. They wanted an A 100. And if you go to like any cloud [00:04:00] provisioning page, usually it's like three pages of forms or in the forms somewhere there's a dropdown.And in the dropdown there's some weird code that you know to translate to an A 100. And I remember just thinking like. Every time someone says they want an A 100, like the piece of text that they're telling me that they want is like, stuffed away in the corner. Yeah. And so we were like, what if the biggest piece of text was what the user's asking for?And so when you go to Brev, it's just big GPU chips with the type that you want withswyx: beautiful animations that you worked on pre, like pre you can, like, now you can just prompt it. But back in the day. Yeah. Yeah. Those were handcraft, handcrafted artisanal code.Nader: Yeah. I was actually really proud of that because, uh, it was an, i I made it in Figma.Yeah. And then I found, I was like really struggling to figure out how to turn it from like Figma to react. So what it actually is, is just an SVG and I, I have all the styles and so when you change the chip, whether it's like active or not it changes the SVG code and that somehow like renders like, looks like it's animating, but it, we just had the transition slow, but it's just like the, a JavaScript function to change the like underlying SVG.Yeah. And that was how I ended up like figuring out how to move it from from Figma. But yeah, that's Art Artisan. [00:05:00]Kyle: Speaking of marketing stunts though, he actually used those SVGs. Or kind of use those SVGs to make these cards.Nader: Oh yeah. LikeKyle: a GPU gift card Yes. That he handed out everywhere. That was actually my first impression of thatNader: one.Yeah,swyx: yeah, yeah.Nader: Yeah.swyx: I think I still have one of them.Nader: They look great.Kyle: Yeah.Nader: I have a ton of them still actually in our garage, which just, they don't have labels. We should honestly like bring, bring them back. But, um, I found this old printing press here, actually just around the corner on Ven ness. And it's a third generation San Francisco shop.And so I come in an excited startup founder trying to like, and they just have this crazy old machinery and I'm in awe. ‘cause the the whole building is so physical. Like you're seeing these machines, they have like pedals to like move these saws and whatever. I don't know what this machinery is, but I saw all three generations.Like there's like the grandpa, the father and the son, and the son was like, around my age. Well,swyx: it's like a holy, holy trinity.Nader: It's funny because we, so I just took the same SVG and we just like printed it and it's foil printing, so they make a a, a mold. That's like an inverse of like the A 100 and then they put the foil on it [00:06:00] and then they press it into the paper.And I remember once we got them, he was like, Hey, don't forget about us. You know, I guess like early Apple and Cisco's first business cards were all made there. And so he was like, yeah, we, we get like the startup businesses but then as they mature, they kind of go somewhere else. And so I actually, I think we were talking with marketing about like using them for some, we should go back and make some cards.swyx: Yeah, yeah, yeah. You know, I remember, you know, as a very, very small breadth investor, I was like, why are we spending time like, doing these like stunts for GPUs? Like, you know, I think like as a, you know, typical like cloud hard hardware person, you go into an AWS you pick like T five X xl, whatever, and it's just like from a list and you look at the specs like, why animate this GP?And, and I, I do think like it just shows the level of care that goes throughout birth and Yeah. And now, and also the, and,Nader: and Nvidia. I think that's what the, the thing that struck me most when we first came in was like the amount of passion that everyone has. Like, I think, um, you know, you talk to, you talk to Kyle, you talk to, like, every VP that I've met at Nvidia goes so close to the metal.Like, I remember it was almost a year ago, and like my VP asked me, he's like, Hey, [00:07:00] what's cursor? And like, are you using it? And if so, why? Surprised at this, and he downloaded Cursor and he was asking me to help him like, use it. And I thought that was, uh, or like, just show him what he, you know, why we were using it.And so, the amount of care that I think everyone has and the passion, appreciate, passion and appreciation for the moment. Right. This is a very unique time. So it's really cool to see everyone really like, uh, appreciate that.swyx: Yeah.Acquisition and DevEx Shiftswyx: One thing I wanted to do before we move over to sort of like research topics and, uh, the, the stuff that Kyle's working on is just tell the story of the acquisition, right?Like, not many people have been, been through an acquisition with Nvidia. What's it like? Uh, what, yeah, just anything you'd like to say.Nader: It's a crazy experience. I think, uh, you know, we were the thing that was the most exciting for us was. Our goal was just to make it easier for developers.We wanted to find access to GPUs, make it easier to do that. And then all, oh, actually your question about launchable. So launchable was just make one click exper, like one click deploys for any software on top of the GPU. Mm-hmm. And so what we really liked about Nvidia was that it felt like we just got a lot more resources to do all of that.I think, uh, you [00:08:00] know, NVIDIA's goal is to make things as easy for developers as possible. So there was a really nice like synergy there. I think that, you know, when it comes to like an acquisition, I think the amount that the soul of the products align, I think is gonna be. Is going speak to the success of the acquisition.Yeah. And so it in many ways feels like we're home. This is a really great outcome for us. Like we you know, I love brev.nvidia.com. Like you should, you should use it's, it's theKyle: front page for GPUs.Nader: Yeah. Yeah. If you want GP views,Kyle: you go there, getswyx: it there, and it's like internally is growing very quickly.I, I don't remember You said some stats there.Nader: Yeah, yeah, yeah. It's, uh, I, I wish I had the exact numbers, but like internally, externally, it's been growing really quickly. We've been working with a bunch of partners with a bunch of different customers and ISVs, if you have a solution that you want someone that runs on the GPU and you want people to use it quickly, we can bundle it up, uh, in a launchable and make it a one click run.If you're doing things and you want just like a sandbox or something to run on, right. Like open claw. Huge moment. Super exciting. Our, uh, and we'll talk into it more, but. You know, internally, people wanna run this, and you, we know we have to be really careful from the security implications. Do we let this run on the corporate network?Security's guidance was, Hey, [00:09:00] run this on breath, it's in, you know, it's, it's, it's a vm, it's sitting in the cloud, it's off the corporate network. It's isolated. And so that's been our stance internally and externally about how to even run something like open call while we figure out how to run these things securely.But yeah,swyx: I think there's also like, you almost like we're the right team at the right time when Nvidia is starting to invest a lot more in developer experience or whatever you call it. Yeah. Uh, UX or I don't know what you call it, like software. Like obviously NVIDIA is always invested in software, but like, there's like, this is like a different audience.Yeah. It's aNader: widerKyle: developer base.swyx: Yeah. Right.Nader: Yeah. Yeah. You know, it's funny, it's like, it's not, uh,swyx: so like, what, what is it called internally? What, what is this that people should be aware that is going on there?Nader: Uh, what, like developer experienceswyx: or, yeah, yeah. Is it's called just developer experience or is there like a broader strategy hereNader: in Nvidia?Um, Nvidia always wants to make a good developer experience. The thing is and a lot of the technology is just really complicated. Like, it's not, it's uh, you know, I think, um. The thing that's been really growing or the AI's growing is having a huge moment, not [00:10:00] because like, let's say data scientists in 2018, were quiet then and are much louder now.The pie is com, right? There's a whole bunch of new audiences. My mom's wondering what she's doing. My sister's learned, like taught herself how to code. Like the, um, you know, I, I actually think just generally AI's a big equalizer and you're seeing a more like technologically literate society, I guess.Like everyone's, everyone's learning how to code. Uh, there isn't really an excuse for that. And so building a good UX means that you really understand who your end user is. And when your end user becomes such a wide, uh, variety of people, then you have to almost like reinvent the practice, right? Yeah. You haveKyle: to, and actually build more developer ux, right?Because the, there are tiers of developer base that were added. You know, the, the hackers that are building on top of open claw, right? For example, have never used gpu. They don't know what kuda is. They, they, they just want to run something.Nader: Yeah.Kyle: You need new UX that is not just. Hey, you know, how do you program something in Cuda and run it?And then, and then we built, you know, like when Deep Learning was getting big, we built, we built Torch and, and, but so recently the amount of like [00:11:00] layers that are added to that developer stack has just exploded because AI has become ubiquitous. Everyone's using it in different ways. Yeah. It'sNader: moving fast in every direction.Vertical, horizontal.Vibhu: Yeah. You guys, you even take it down to hardware, like the DGX Spark, you know, it's, it's basically the same system as just throwing it up on big GPU cluster.Nader: Yeah, yeah, yeah. It's amazing. Blackwell.swyx: Yeah. Uh, we saw the preview at the last year's GTC and that was one of the better performing, uh, videos so far, and video coverage so far.Awesome. This will beat it. Um,Nader: that wasswyx: actually, we have fingersNader: crossed. Yeah.DGX Spark and Remote AccessNader: Even when Grace Blackwell or when, um, uh, DGX Spark was first coming out getting to be involved in that from the beginning of the developer experience. And it just comes back to what youswyx: were involved.Nader: Yeah. St. St.swyx: Mars.Nader: Yeah. Yeah. I mean from, it was just like, I, I got an email, we just got thrown into the loop and suddenly yeah, I, it was actually really funny ‘cause I'm still pretty fresh from the acquisition and I'm, I'm getting an email from a bunch of the engineering VPs about like, the new hardware, GPU chip, like we're, or not chip, but just GPU system that we're putting out.And I'm like, okay, cool. Matters. Now involved with this for the ux, I'm like. What am I gonna do [00:12:00] here? So, I remember the first meeting, I was just like kind of quiet as I was hearing engineering VPs talk about what this box could be, what it could do, how we should use it. And I remember, uh, one of the first ideas that people were idea was like, oh, the first thing that it was like, I think a quote was like, the first thing someone's gonna wanna do with this is get two of them and run a Kubernetes cluster on top of them.And I was like, oh, I think I know why I'm here. I was like, the first thing we're doing is easy. SSH into the machine. And then, and you know, just kind of like scoping it down of like, once you can do that every, you, like the person who wants to run a Kubernetes cluster onto Sparks has a higher propensity for pain, then, then you know someone who buys it and wants to run open Claw right now, right?If you can make sure that that's as effortless as possible, then the rest becomes easy. So there's a tool called Nvidia Sync. It just makes the SSH connection really simple. So, you know, if you think about it like. If you have a Mac, uh, or a PC or whatever, if you have a laptop and you buy this GPU and you want to use it, you should be able to use it like it's A-A-G-P-U in the cloud, right?Um, but there's all this friction of like, how do you actually get into that? That's part of [00:13:00] Revs value proposition is just, you know, there's a CLI that wraps SSH and makes it simple. And so our goal is just get you into that machine really easily. And one thing we just launched at CES, it's in, it's still in like early access.We're ironing out some kinks, but it should be ready by GTC. You can register your spark on Brev. And so now if youswyx: like remote managed yeah, local hardware. Single pane of glass. Yeah. Yeah. Because Brev can already manage other clouds anyway, right?Vibhu: Yeah, yeah. And you use the spark on Brev as well, right?Nader: Yeah. But yeah, exactly. So, so you, you, so you, you set it up at home you can run the command on it, and then it gets it's essentially it'll appear in your Brev account, and then you can take your laptop to a Starbucks or to a cafe, and you'll continue to use your, you can continue use your spark just like any other cloud node on Brev.Yeah. Yeah. And it's just like a pre-provisioned centerswyx: in yourNader: home. Yeah, exactly.swyx: Yeah. Yeah.Vibhu: Tiny little data center.Nader: Tiny little, the size ofVibhu: your phone.SOL Culture and Dynamo Setupswyx: One more thing before we move on to Kyle. Just have so many Jensen stories and I just love, love mining Jensen stories. Uh, my favorite so far is SOL. Uh, what is, yeah, what is S-O-L-S-O-LNader: is actually, i, I think [00:14:00] of all the lessons I've learned, that one's definitely my favorite.Kyle: It'll always stick with you.Nader: Yeah. Yeah. I, you know, in your startup, everything's existential, right? Like we've, we've run out of money. We were like, on the risk of, of losing payroll, we've had to contract our team because we l ran outta money. And so like, um, because of that you're really always forcing yourself to I to like understand the root cause of everything.If you get a date, if you get a timeline, you know exactly why that date or timeline is there. You're, you're pushing every boundary and like, you're not just say, you're not just accepting like a, a no. Just because. And so as you start to introduce more layers, as you start to become a much larger organization, SOL is is essentially like what is the physics, right?The speed of light moves at a certain speed. So if flight's moving some slower, then you know something's in the way. So before trying to like layer reality back in of like, why can't this be delivered at some date? Let's just understand the physics. What is the theoretical limit to like, uh, how fast this can go?And then start to tell me why. ‘cause otherwise people will start telling you why something can't be done. But actually I think any great leader's goal is just to create urgency. Yeah. [00:15:00] There's an infiniteKyle: create compelling events, right?Nader: Yeah.Kyle: Yeah. So l is a term video is used to instigate a compelling event.You say this is done. How do we get there? What is the minimum? As much as necessary, as little as possible thing that it takes for us to get exactly here and. It helps you just break through a bunch of noise.swyx: Yeah.Kyle: Instantly.swyx: One thing I'm unclear about is, can only Jensen use the SOL card? Like, oh, no, no, no.Not everyone get the b******t out because obviously it's Jensen, but like, can someone else be like, no, likeKyle: frontline engineers use it.Nader: Yeah. Every, I think it's not so much about like, get the b******t out. It's like, it's like, give me the root understanding, right? Like, if you tell me something takes three weeks, it like, well, what's the first principles?Yeah, the first principles. It's like, what's the, what? Like why is it three weeks? What is the actual yeah. What's the actual limit of why this is gonna take three weeks? If you're gonna, if you, if let's say you wanted to buy a new computer and someone told you it's gonna be here in five days, what's the SOL?Well, like the SOL is like, I could walk into a Best Buy and pick it up for you. Right? So then anything that's like beyond that is, and is that practical? Is that how we're gonna, you know, let's say give everyone in the [00:16:00] company a laptop, like obviously not. So then like that's the SOL and then it's like, okay, well if we have to get more than 10, suddenly there might be some, right?And so now we can kind of piece the reality back.swyx: So, so this is the. Paul Graham do things that don't scale. Yeah. And this is also the, what people would now call behi agency. Yeah.Kyle: It's actually really interesting because there's a, there's a second hardware angle to SOL that like doesn't come up for all the org sol is used like culturally at aswyx: media for everything.I'm also mining for like, I think that can be annoying sometimes. And like someone keeps going IOO you and you're like, guys, like we have to be stable. We have to, we to f*****g plan. Yeah.Kyle: It's an interesting balance.Nader: Yeah. I encounter that with like, actually just with, with Alec, right? ‘cause we, we have a new conference so we need to launch, we have, we have goals of what we wanna launch by, uh, by the conference and like, yeah.At the end of the day, where isswyx: this GTC?Nader: Um, well this is like, so we, I mean we did it for CES, we did for GT CDC before that we're doing it for GTC San Jose. So I mean, like every, you know, we have a new moment. Um, and we want to launch something. Yeah. And we want to do so at SOL and that does mean that some, there's some level of prioritization that needs [00:17:00] to happen.And so it, it is difficult, right? I think, um, you have to be careful with what you're pushing. You know, stability is important and that should be factored into S-O-L-S-O-L isn't just like, build everything and let it break, you know, that, that's part of the conversation. So as you're laying, layering in all the details, one of them might be, Hey, we could build this, but then it's not gonna be stable for X, y, z reasons.And so that was like, one of our conversations for CES was, you know, hey, like we, we can get this into early access registering your spark with brev. But there are a lot of things that we need to do in order to feel really comfortable from a security perspective, right? There's a lot of networking involved before we deliver that to users.So it's like, okay. Let's get this to a point where we can at least let people experiment with it. We had it in a booth, we had it in Jensen's keynote, and then let's go iron out all the networking kinks. And that's not easy. And so, uh, that can come later. And so that was the way that we layered that back in.Yeah. ButKyle: It's not really about saying like, you don't have to do the, the maintenance or operational work. It's more about saying, you know, it's kind of like [00:18:00] highlights how progress is incremental, right? Like, what is the minimum thing that we can get to. And then there's SOL for like every component after that.But there's the SOL to get you, get you to the, the starting line. And that, that's usually how it's asked. Yeah. On the other side, you know, like SOL came out of like hardware at Nvidia. Right. So SOL is like literally if we ran the accelerator or the GPU with like at basically full speed with like no other constraints, like how FAST would be able to make a program go.swyx: Yeah. Yeah. Right.Kyle: Soswyx: in, in training that like, you know, then you work back to like some percentage of like MFU for example.Kyle: Yeah, that's a, that's a great example. So like, there's an, there's an S-O-L-M-F-U, and then there's like, you know, what's practically achievable.swyx: Cool. Should we move on to sort of, uh, Kyle's side?Uh, Kyle, you're coming more from the data science world. And, uh, I, I mean I always, whenever, whenever I meet someone who's done working in tabular stuff, graph neural networks, time series, these are basically when I go to new reps, I go to ICML, I walk the back halls. There's always like a small group of graph people.Yes. Absolute small group of tabular people. [00:19:00] And like, there's no one there. And like, it's very like, you know what I mean? Like, yeah, no, like it's, it's important interesting work if you care about solving the problems that they solve.Kyle: Yeah.swyx: But everyone else is just LMS all the time.Kyle: Yeah. I mean it's like, it's like the black hole, right?Has the event horizon reached this yet in nerves? Um,swyx: but like, you know, those are, those are transformers too. Yeah. And, and those are also like interesting things. Anyway, uh, I just wanted to spend a little bit of time on, on those, that background before we go into Dynamo, uh, proper.Kyle: Yeah, sure. I took a different path to Nvidia than that, or I joined six years ago, seven, if you count, when I was an intern.So I joined Nvidia, like right outta college. And the first thing I jumped into was not what I'd done in, during internship, which was like, you know, like some stuff for autonomous vehicles, like heavyweight object detection. I jumped into like, you know, something, I'm like, recommenders, this is popular. Andswyx: yeah, he did RexiKyle: as well.Yeah, Rexi. Yeah. I mean that, that was the taboo data at the time, right? You have tables of like, audience qualities and item qualities, and you're trying to figure out like which member of [00:20:00] the audience matches which item or, or more practically which item matches which member of the audience. And at the time, really it was like we were trying to enable.Uh, recommender, which had historically been like a little bit of a CP based workflow into something that like, ran really well in GPUs. And it's since been done. Like there are a bunch of libraries for Axis that run on GPUs. Uh, the common models like Deeplearning recommendation model, which came outta meta and the wide and deep model, which was used or was released by Google were very accelerated by GPUs using, you know, the fast HBM on the chips, especially to do, you know, vector lookups.But it was very interesting at the time and super, super relevant because like we were starting to get like. This explosion of feeds and things that required rec recommenders to just actively be on all the time. And sort of transitioned that a little bit towards graph neural networks when I discovered them because I was like, okay, you can actually use graphical neural networks to represent like, relationships between people, items, concepts, and that, that interested me.So I jumped into that at [00:21:00] Nvidia and, and got really involved for like two-ish years.swyx: Yeah. Uh, and something I learned from Brian Zaro Yeah. Is that you can just kind of choose your own path in Nvidia.Kyle: Oh my God. Yeah.swyx: Which is not a normal big Corp thing. Yeah. Like you, you have a lane, you stay in your lane.Nader: I think probably the reason why I enjoy being in a, a big company, the mission is the boss probably from a startup guy. Yeah. The missionswyx: is the boss.Nader: Yeah. Uh, it feels like a big game of pickup basketball. Like, you know, if you play one, if you wanna play basketball, you just go up to the court and you're like, Hey look, we're gonna play this game and we need three.Yeah. And you just like find your three. That's honestly for every new initiative that's what it feels like. Yeah.Vibhu: It also like shows, right? Like Nvidia. Just releasing state-of-the-art stuff in every domain. Yeah. Like, okay, you expect foundation models with Nemo tron voice just randomly parakeet.Call parakeet just comes out another one, uh, voice. TheKyle: video voice team has always been producing.Vibhu: Yeah. There's always just every other domain of paper that comes out, dataset that comes out. It's like, I mean, it also stems back to what Nvidia has to do, right? You have to make chips years before they're actually produced.Right? So you need to know, you need to really [00:22:00] focus. TheKyle: design process starts likeVibhu: exactlyKyle: three to five years before the chip gets to the market.Vibhu: Yeah. I, I'm curious more about what that's like, right? So like, you have specialist teams. Is it just like, you know, people find an interest, you go in, you go deep on whatever, and that kind of feeds back into, you know, okay, we, we expect predictions.Like the internals at Nvidia must be crazy. Right? You know? Yeah. Yeah. You know, you, you must. Not even without selling to people, you have your own predictions of where things are going. Yeah. And they're very based, very grounded. Right?Kyle: Yeah. It, it, it's really interesting. So there's like two things that I think that Amed does, which are quite interesting.Uh, one is like, we really index into passion. There's a big. Sort of organizational top sound push to like ensure that people are working on the things that they're passionate about. So if someone proposes something that's interesting, many times they can just email someone like way up the chain that they would find this relevant and say like, Hey, can I go work on this?Nader: It's actually like I worked at a, a big company for a couple years before, uh, starting on my startup journey and like, it felt very weird if you were to like email out of chain, if that makes [00:23:00] sense. Yeah. The emails at Nvidia are like mosh pitsswyx: shoot,Nader: and it's just like 60 people, just whatever. And like they're, there's this,swyx: they got messy like, reply all you,Nader: oh, it's in, it's insane.It's insane. They justKyle: help. You know, Maxim,Nader: the context. But, but that's actually like, I've actually, so this is a weird thing where I used to be like, why would we send emails? We have Slack. I am the entire, I'm the exact opposite. I feel so bad for anyone who's like messaging me on Slack ‘cause I'm so unresponsive.swyx: Your emailNader: Maxi, email Maxim. I'm email maxing Now email is a different, email is perfect because man, we can't work together. I'm email is great, right? Because important threads get bumped back up, right? Yeah, yeah. Um, and so Slack doesn't do that. So I just have like this casino going off on the right or on the left and like, I don't know which thread was from where or what, but like the threads get And then also just like the subject, so you can have like working threads.I think what's difficult is like when you're small, if you're just not 40,000 people I think Slack will work fine, but there's, I don't know what the inflection point is. There is gonna be a point where that becomes really messy and you'll actually prefer having email. ‘cause you can have working threads.You can cc more than nine people in a thread.Kyle: You can fork stuff.Nader: You can [00:24:00] fork stuff, which is super nice and just like y Yeah. And so, but that is part of where you can propose a plan. You can also just. Start, honestly, momentum's the only authority, right? So like, if you can just start, start to make a little bit of progress and show someone something, and then they can try it.That's, I think what's been, you know, I think the most effective way to push anything for forward. And that's both at Nvidia and I think just generally.Kyle: Yeah, there's, there's the other concept that like is explored a lot at Nvidia, which is this idea of a zero billion dollar business. Like market creation is a big thing at Nvidia.Like,swyx: oh, you want to go and start a zero billion dollar business?Kyle: Jensen says, we are completely happy investing in zero billion dollar markets. We don't care if this creates revenue. It's important for us to know about this market. We think it will be important in the future. It can be zero billion dollars for a while.I'm probably minging as words here for, but like, you know, like, I'll give an example. NVIDIA's been working on autonomous driving for a a long time,swyx: like an Nvidia car.Kyle: No, they, they'veVibhu: used the Mercedes, right? They're around the HQ and I think it finally just got licensed out. Now they're starting to be used quite a [00:25:00] bit.For 10 years you've been seeing Mercedes with Nvidia logos driving.Kyle: If you're in like the South San Santa Clara, it's, it's actually from South. Yeah. So, um. Zero billion dollar markets are, are a thing like, you know, Jensen,swyx: I mean, okay, look, cars are not a zero billion dollar market. But yeah, that's a bad example.Nader: I think, I think he's, he's messaging, uh, zero today, but, or even like internally, right? Like, like it's like, uh, an org doesn't have to ruthlessly find revenue very quickly to justify their existence. Right. Like a lot of the important research, a lot of the important technology being developed that, that's kind ofKyle: where research, research is very ide ideologically free at Nvidia.Yeah. Like they can pursue things that they wereswyx: Were you research officially?Kyle: I was never in research. Officially. I was always in engineering. Yeah. We in, I'm in an org called Deep Warning Algorithms, which is basically just how do we make things that are relevant to deep warning go fast.swyx: That sounds freaking cool.Vibhu: And I think a lot of that is underappreciated, right? Like time series. This week Google put out time. FF paper. Yeah. A new time series, paper res. Uh, Symantec, ID [00:26:00] started applying Transformers LMS to Yes. Rec system. Yes. And when you think the scale of companies deploying these right. Amazon recommendations, Google web search, it's like, it's huge scale andKyle: Yeah.Vibhu: You want fast?Kyle: Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Actually it's, it, I, there's a fun moment that brought me like full circle. Like, uh, Amazon Ads recently gave a talk where they talked about using Dynamo for generative recommendation, which was like super, like weirdly cathartic for me. I'm like, oh my God. I've, I've supplanted what I was working on.Like, I, you're using LMS now to do what I was doing five years ago.swyx: Yeah. Amazing. And let's go right into Dynamo. Uh, maybe introduce Yeah, sure. To the top down and Yeah.Kyle: I think at this point a lot of people are familiar with the term of inference. Like funnily enough, like I went from, you know, inference being like a really niche topic to being something that's like discussed on like normal people's Twitter feeds.It's,Nader: it's on billboardsKyle: here now. Yeah. Very, very strange. Driving, driving, seeing just an inference ad on 1 0 1 inference at scale is becoming a lot more important. Uh, we have these moments like, you know, open claw where you have these [00:27:00] agents that take lots and lots of tokens, but produce, incredible results.There are many different aspects of test time scaling so that, you know, you can use more inference to generate a better result than if you were to use like a short amount of inference. There's reasoning, there's quiring, there's, adding agency to the model, allowing it to call tools and use skills.Dyno sort came about at Nvidia. Because myself and a couple others were, were sort of talking about the, these concepts that like, you know, you have inference engines like VLMS, shelan, tenor, TLM and they have like one single copy. They, they, they sort of think about like things as like one single copy, like one replica, right?Why Scale Out WinsKyle: Like one version of the model. But when you're actually serving things at scale, you can't just scale up that replica because you end up with like performance problems. There's a scaling limit to scaling up replicas. So you actually have to scale out to use a, maybe some Kubernetes type terminology.We kind of realized that there was like. A lot of potential optimization that we could do in scaling out and building systems for data [00:28:00] center scale inference. So Dynamo is this data center scale inference engine that sits on top of the frameworks like VLM Shilling and 10 T lm and just makes things go faster because you can leverage the economy of scale.The fact that you have KV cash, which we can define a little bit later, uh, in all these machines that is like unique and you wanna figure out like the ways to maximize your cash hits or you want to employ new techniques in inference like disaggregation, which Dynamo had introduced to the world in, in, in March, not introduced, it was a academic talk, but beforehand.But we are, you know, one of the first frameworks to start, supporting it. And we wanna like, sort of combine all these techniques into sort of a modular framework that allows you to. Accelerate your inference at scale.Nader: By the way, Kyle and I became friends on my first date, Nvidia, and I always loved, ‘cause like he always teaches meswyx: new things.Yeah. By the way, this is why I wanted to put two of you together. I was like, yeah, this is, this is gonna beKyle: good. It's very, it's very different, you know, like we've, we, we've, we've talked to each other a bunch [00:29:00] actually, you asked like, why, why can't we scale up?Nader: Yeah.Scale Up Limits ExplainedNader: model, you said model replicas.Kyle: Yeah. So you, so scale up means assigning moreswyx: heavier?Kyle: Yeah, heavier. Like making things heavier. Yeah, adding more GPUs. Adding more CPUs. Scale out is just like having a barrier saying, I'm gonna duplicate my representation of the model or a representation of this microservice or something, and I'm gonna like, replicate it Many times.Handle, load. And the reason that you can't scale, scale up, uh, past some points is like, you know, there, there, there are sort of hardware bounds and algorithmic bounds on, on that type of scaling. So I'll give you a good example that's like very trivial. Let's say you're on an H 100. The Maxim ENV link domain for H 100, for most Ds H one hundreds is heus, right?So if you scaled up past that, you're gonna have to figure out ways to handle the fact that now for the GPUs to communicate, you have to do it over Infin band, which is still very fast, but is not as fast as ENV link.swyx: Is it like one order of magnitude, like hundreds or,Kyle: it's about an order of magnitude?Yeah. Okay. Um, soswyx: not terrible.Kyle: [00:30:00] Yeah. I, I need to, I need to remember the, the data sheet here, like, I think it's like about 500 gigabytes. Uh, a second unidirectional for ENV link, and about 50 gigabytes a second unidirectional for Infin Band. I, it, it depends on the, the generation.swyx: I just wanna set this up for people who are not familiar with these kinds of like layers and the trash speedVibhu: and all that.Of course.From Laptop to Multi NodeVibhu: Also, maybe even just going like a few steps back before that, like most people are very familiar with. You see a, you know, you can use on your laptop, whatever these steel viol, lm you can just run inference there. All, there's all, you can, youcan run it on thatVibhu: laptop. You can run on laptop.Then you get to, okay, uh, models got pretty big, right? JLM five, they doubled the size, so mm-hmm. Uh, what do you do when you have to go from, okay, I can get 128 gigs of memory. I can run it on a spark. Then you have to go multi GPU. Yeah. Okay. Multi GPU, there's some support there. Now, if I'm a company and I don't have like.I'm not hiring the best researchers for this. Right. But I need to go [00:31:00] multi-node, right? I have a lot of servers. Okay, now there's efficiency problems, right? You can have multiple eight H 100 nodes, but, you know, is that as a, like, how do you do that efficiently?Kyle: Yeah. How do you like represent them? How do you choose how to represent the model?Yeah, exactly right. That's a, that's like a hard question. Everyone asks, how do you size oh, I wanna run GLM five, which just came out new model. There have been like four of them in the past week, by the way, like a bunch of new models.swyx: You know why? Right? Deep seek.Kyle: No comment. Oh. Yeah, but Ggl, LM five, right?We, we have this, new model. It's, it's like a large size, and you have to figure out how to both scale up and scale out, right? Because you have to find the right representation that you care about. Everyone does this differently. Let's be very clear. Everyone figures this out in their own path.Nader: I feel like a lot of AI or ML even is like, is like this. I think people think, you know, I, I was, there was some tweet a few months ago that was like, why hasn't fine tuning as a service taken off? You know, that might be me. It might have been you. Yeah. But people want it to be such an easy recipe to follow.But even like if you look at an ML model and specificKyle: to you Yeah,Nader: yeah.Kyle: And the [00:32:00] model,Nader: the situation, and there's just so much tinkering, right? Like when you see a model that has however many experts in the ME model, it's like, why that many experts? I don't, they, you know, they tried a bunch of things and that one seemed to do better.I think when it comes to how you're serving inference, you know, you have a bunch of decisions to make and there you can always argue that you can take something and make it more optimal. But I think it's this internal calibration and appetite for continued calibration.Vibhu: Yeah. And that doesn't mean like, you know, people aren't taking a shot at this, like tinker from thinking machines, you know?Yeah. RL as a service. Yeah, totally. It's, it also gets even harder when you try to do big model training, right? We're not the best at training Moes, uh, when they're pre-trained. Like we saw this with LAMA three, right? They're trained in such a sparse way that meta knows there's gonna be a bunch of inference done on these, right?They'll open source it, but it's very trained for what meta infrastructure wants, right? They wanna, they wanna inference it a lot. Now the question to basically think about is, okay, say you wanna serve a chat application, a coding copilot, right? You're doing a layer of rl, you're serving a model for X amount of people.Is it a chat model, a coding model? Dynamo, you know, back to that,Kyle: it's [00:33:00] like, yeah, sorry. So you we, we sort of like jumped off of, you know, jumped, uh, on that topic. Everyone has like, their own, own journey.Cost Quality Latency TradeoffsKyle: And I, I like to think of it as defined by like, what is the model you need? What is the accuracy you need?Actually I talked to NA about this earlier. There's three axes you care about. What is the quality that you're able to produce? So like, are you accurate enough or can you complete the task with enough, performance, high enough performance. Yeah, yeah. Uh, there's cost. Can you serve the model or serve your workflow?Because it's not just the model anymore, it's the workflow. It's the multi turn with an agent cheaply enough. And then can you serve it fast enough? And we're seeing all three of these, like, play out, like we saw, we saw new models from OpenAI that you know, are faster. You have like these new fast versions of models.You can change the amount of thinking to change the amount of quality, right? Produce more tokens, but at a higher cost in a, in a higher latency. And really like when you start this journey of like trying to figure out how you wanna host a model, you, you, you think about three things. What is the model I need to serve?How many times do I need to call it? What is the input sequence link was [00:34:00] the, what does the workflow look like on top of it? What is the SLA, what is the latency SLA that I need to achieve? Because there's usually some, this is usually like a constant, you, you know, the SLA that you need to hit and then like you try and find the lowest cost version that hits all of these constraints.Usually, you know, you, you start with those things and you say you, you kind of do like a bit of experimentation across some common configurations. You change the tensor parallel size, which is a form of parallelismVibhu: I take, it goes even deeper first. Gotta think what model.Kyle: Yes, course,ofKyle: course. It's like, it's like a multi-step design process because as you said, you can, you can choose a smaller model and then do more test time scaling and it'll equate the quality of a larger model because you're doing the test time scaling or you're adding a harness or something.So yes, it, it goes way deeper than that. But from the performance perspective, like once you get to the model you need, you need to host, you look at that and you say, Hey. I have this model, I need to serve it at the speed. What is the right configuration for that?Nader: You guys see the recent, uh, there was a paper I just saw like a few days ago that, uh, if you run [00:35:00] the same prompt twice, you're getting like double Just try itagain.Nader: Yeah, exactly.Vibhu: And you get a lot. Yeah. But the, the key thing there is you give the context of the failed try, right? Yeah. So it takes a shot. And this has been like, you know, basic guidance for quite a while. Just try again. ‘cause you know, trying, just try again. Did you try again? All adviceNader: in life.Vibhu: Just, it's a paper from Google, if I'm not mistaken, right?Yeah,Vibhu: yeah. I think it, it's like a seven bas little short paper. Yeah. Yeah. The title's very cute. And it's just like, yeah, just try again. Give it ask context,Kyle: multi-shot. You just like, say like, hey, like, you know, like take, take a little bit more, take a little bit more information, try and fail. Fail.Vibhu: And that basic concept has gone pretty deep.There's like, um, self distillation, rl where you, you do self distillation, you do rl and you have past failure and you know, that gives some signal so people take, try it again. Not strong enough.swyx: Uh, for, for listeners, uh, who listen to here, uh, vivo actually, and I, and we run a second YouTube channel for our paper club where, oh, that's awesome.Vivo just covered this. Yeah. Awesome. Self desolation and all that's, that's why he, to speed [00:36:00] on it.Nader: I'll to check it out.swyx: Yeah. It, it's just a good practice, like everyone needs, like a paper club where like you just read papers together and the social pressure just kind of forces you to just,Nader: we, we,there'sNader: like a big inference.Kyle: ReadingNader: group at a video. I feel so bad every time. I I, he put it on like, on our, he shared it.swyx: One, one ofNader: your guys,swyx: uh, is, is big in that, I forget es han Yeah, yeah,Kyle: es Han's on my team. Actually. Funny. There's a, there's a, there's a employee transfer between us. Han worked for Nater at Brev, and now he, he's on my team.He wasNader: our head of ai. And then, yeah, once we got in, andswyx: because I'm always looking for like, okay, can, can I start at another podcast that only does that thing? Yeah. And, uh, Esan was like, I was trying to like nudge Esan into like, is there something here? I mean, I don't think there's, there's new infant techniques every day.So it's like, it's likeKyle: you would, you would actually be surprised, um, the amount of blog posts you see. And ifswyx: there's a period where it was like, Medusa hydra, what Eagle, like, youKyle: know, now we have new forms of decode, uh, we have new forms of specula, of decoding or new,swyx: what,Kyle: what are youVibhu: excited? And it's exciting when you guys put out something like Tron.‘cause I remember the paper on this Tron three, [00:37:00] uh, the amount of like post train, the on tokens that the GPU rich can just train on. And it, it was a hybrid state space model, right? Yeah.Kyle: It's co-designed for the hardware.Vibhu: Yeah, go design for the hardware. And one of the things was always, you know, the state space models don't scale as well when you do a conversion or whatever the performance.And you guys are like, no, just keep draining. And Nitron shows a lot of that. Yeah.Nader: Also, something cool about Nitron it was released in layers, if you will, very similar to Dynamo. It's, it's, it's essentially it was released as you can, the pre-training, post-training data sets are released. Yeah. The recipes on how to do it are released.The model itself is released. It's full model. You just benefit from us turning on the GPUs. But there are companies like, uh, ServiceNow took the dataset and they trained their own model and we were super excited and like, you know, celebrated that work.ZoomVibhu: different. Zoom is, zoom is CGI, I think, uh, you know, also just to add like a lot of models don't put out based models and if there's that, why is fine tuning not taken off?You know, you can do your own training. Yeah,Kyle: sure.Vibhu: You guys put out based model, I think you put out everything.Nader: I believe I know [00:38:00]swyx: about base. BasicallyVibhu: without baseswyx: basic can be cancelable.Vibhu: Yeah. Base can be cancelable.swyx: Yeah.Vibhu: Safety training.swyx: Did we get a full picture of dymo? I, I don't know if we, what,Nader: what I'd love is you, you mentioned the three axes like break it down of like, you know, what's prefilled decode and like what are the optimizations that we can get with Dynamo?Kyle: Yeah. That, that's, that's, that's a great point. So to summarize on that three axis problem, right, there are three things that determine whether or not something can be done with inference, cost, quality, latency, right? Dynamo is supposed to be there to provide you like the runtime that allows you to pull levers to, you know, mix it up and move around the parade of frontier or the preto surface that determines is this actually possible with inference And AI todayNader: gives you the knobs.Kyle: Yeah, exactly. It gives you the knobs.Disaggregation Prefill vs DecodeKyle: Uh, and one thing that like we, we use a lot in contemporary inference and is, you know, starting to like pick up from, you know, in, in general knowledge is this co concept of disaggregation. So historically. Models would be hosted with a single inference engine. And that inference engine [00:39:00] would ping pong between two phases.There's prefill where you're reading the sequence generating KV cache, which is basically just a set of vectors that represent the sequence. And then using that KV cache to generate new tokens, which is called Decode. And some brilliant researchers across multiple different papers essentially made the realization that if you separate these two phases, you actually gain some benefits.Those benefits are basically a you don't have to worry about step synchronous scheduling. So the way that an inference engine works is you do one step and then you finish it, and then you schedule, you start scheduling the next step there. It's not like fully asynchronous. And the problem with that is you would have, uh, essentially pre-fill and decode are, are actually very different in terms of both their resource requirements and their sometimes their runtime.So you would have like prefill that would like block decode steps because you, you'd still be pre-filing and you couldn't schedule because you know the step has to end. So you remove that scheduling issue and then you also allow you, or you yourself, to like [00:40:00] split the work into two different ki types of pools.So pre-fill typically, and, and this changes as, as model architecture changes. Pre-fill is, right now, compute bound most of the time with the sequence is sufficiently long. It's compute bound. On the decode side because you're doing a full Passover, all the weights and the entire sequence, every time you do a decode step and you're, you don't have the quadratic computation of KV cache, it's usually memory bound because you're retrieving a linear amount of memory and you're doing a linear amount of compute as opposed to prefill where you retrieve a linear amount of memory and then use a quadratic.You know,Nader: it's funny, someone exo Labs did a really cool demo where for the DGX Spark, which has a lot more compute, you can do the pre the compute hungry prefill on a DG X spark and then do the decode on a, on a Mac. Yeah. And soVibhu: that's faster.Nader: Yeah. Yeah.Kyle: So you could, you can do that. You can do machine strat stratification.Nader: Yeah.Kyle: And like with our future generation generations of hardware, we actually announced, like with Reuben, this [00:41:00] new accelerator that is prefilled specific. It's called Reuben, CPX. SoKubernetes Scaling with GroveNader: I have a question when you do the scale out. Yeah. Is scaling out easier with Dynamo? Because when you need a new node, you can dedicate it to either the Prefill or, uh, decode.Kyle: Yeah. So Dynamo actually has like a, a Kubernetes component in it called Grove that allows you to, to do this like crazy scaling specialization. It has like this hot, it's a representation that, I don't wanna go too deep into Kubernetes here, but there was a previous way that you would like launch multi-node work.Uh, it's called Leader Worker Set. It's in the Kubernetes standard, and Leader worker set is great. It served a lot of people super well for a long period of time. But one of the things that it's struggles with is representing a set of cases where you have a multi-node replica that has a pair, right?You know, prefill and decode, or it's not paired, but it has like a second stage that has a ratio that changes over time. And prefill and decode are like two different things as your workload changes, right? The amount of prefill you'll need to do may change. [00:42:00] The amount of decode that you, you'll need to do might change, right?Like, let's say you start getting like insanely long queries, right? That probably means that your prefill scales like harder because you're hitting these, this quadratic scaling growth.swyx: Yeah.And then for listeners, like prefill will be long input. Decode would be long output, for example, right?Kyle: Yeah. So like decode, decode scale. I mean, decode is funny because the amount of tokens that you produce scales with the output length, but the amount of work that you do per step scales with the amount of tokens in the context.swyx: Yes.Kyle: So both scales with the input and the output.swyx: That's true.Kyle: But on the pre-fold view code side, like if.Suddenly, like the amount of work you're doing on the decode side stays about the same or like scales a little bit, and then the prefilled side like jumps up a lot. You actually don't want that ratio to be the same. You want it to change over time. So Dynamo has a set of components that A, tell you how to scale.It tells you how many prefilled workers and decoded workers you, it thinks you should have, and also provides a scheduling API for Kubernetes that allows you to actually represent and affect this scheduling on, on, on your actual [00:43:00] hardware, on your compute infrastructure.Nader: Not gonna lie. I feel a little embarrassed for being proud of my SVG function earlier.swyx: No, itNader: wasreallyKyle: cute. I, Iswyx: likeNader: it's all,swyx: it's all engineering. It's all engineering. Um, that's where I'mKyle: technical.swyx: One thing I'm, I'm kind of just curious about with all with you see at a systems level, everything going on here. Mm-hmm. And we, you know, we're scaling it up in, in multi, in distributed systems.Context Length and Co Designswyx: Um, I think one thing that's like kind of, of the moment right now is people are asking, is there any SOL sort of upper bounds. In terms of like, let's call, just call it context length for one for of a better word, but you can break it down however you like.Nader: Yeah.swyx: I just think like, well, yeah, I mean, like clearly you can engage in hybrid architectures and throw in some state space models in there.All, all you want, but it looks, still looks very attention heavy.Kyle: Yes. Uh, yeah. Long context is attention heavy. I mean, we have these hybrid models, um,swyx: to take and most, most models like cap out at a million contexts and that's it. Yeah. Like for the last two years has been it.Kyle: Yeah. The model hardware context co-design thing that we're seeing these days is actually super [00:44:00] interesting.It's like my, my passion, like my secret side passion. We see models like Kimmy or G-P-T-O-S-S. I'm use these because I, I know specific things about these models. So Kimmy two comes out, right? And it's an interesting model. It's like, like a deep seek style architecture is MLA. It's basically deep seek, scaled like a little bit differently, um, and obviously trained differently as well.But they, they talked about, why they made the design choices for context. Kimmy has more experts, but fewer attention heads, and I believe a slightly smaller attention, uh, like dimension. But I need to remember, I need to check that. Uh, it doesn't matter. But they discussed this actually at length in a blog post on ji, which is like our pu which is like credit puswyx: Yeah.Kyle: Um, in, in China. Chinese red.swyx: Yeah.Kyle: It's, yeah. So it, it's, it's actually an incredible blog post. Uh, like all the mls people in, in, in that, I've seen that on GPU are like very brilliant, but they, they talk about like the creators of Kimi K two [00:45:00] actually like, talked about it on, on, on there in the blog post.And they say, we, we actually did an experiment, right? Attention scales with the number of heads, obviously. Like if you have 64 heads versus 32 heads, you do half the work of attention. You still scale quadratic, but you do half the work. And they made a, a very specific like. Sort of barter in their system, in their architecture, they basically said, Hey, what if we gave it more experts, so we're gonna use more memory capacity.But we keep the amount of activated experts the same. We increase the expert sparsity, so we have fewer experts act. The ratio to of experts activated to number of experts is smaller, and we decrease the number of attention heads.Vibhu: And kind of for context, what the, what we had been seeing was you make models sparser instead.So no one was really touching heads. You're just having, uh,Kyle: well, they, they did, they implicitly made it sparser.Vibhu: Yeah, yeah. For, for Kimmy. They did,Kyle: yes.Vibhu: They also made it sparser. But basically what we were seeing was people were at the level of, okay, there's a sparsity ratio. You want more total parameters, less active, and that's sparsity.[00:46:00]But what you see from papers, like, the labs like moonshot deep seek, they go to the level of, okay, outside of just number of experts, you can also change how many attention heads and less attention layers. More attention. Layers. Layers, yeah. Yes, yes. So, and that's all basically coming back to, just tied together is like hardware model, co-design, which isKyle: hardware model, co model, context, co-design.Vibhu: Yeah.Kyle: Right. Like if you were training a, a model that was like. Really, really short context, uh, or like really is good at super short context tasks. You may like design it in a way such that like you don't care about attention scaling because it hasn't hit that, like the turning point where like the quadratic curve takes over.Nader: How do you consider attention or context as a separate part of the co-design? Like I would imagine hardware or just how I would've thought of it is like hardware model. Co-design would be hardware model context co-designKyle: because the harness and the context that is produced by the harness is a part of the model.Once it's trained in,Vibhu: like even though towards the end you'll do long context, you're not changing architecture through I see. Training. Yeah.Kyle: I mean you can try.swyx: You're saying [00:47:00] everyone's training the harness into the model.Kyle: I would say to some degree, orswyx: there's co-design for harness. I know there's a small amount, but I feel like not everyone has like gone full send on this.Kyle: I think, I think I think it's important to internalize the harness that you think the model will be running. Running into the model.swyx: Yeah. Interesting. Okay. Bash is like the universal harness,Kyle: right? Like I'll, I'll give. An example here, right? I mean, or just like a, like a, it's easy proof, right? If you can train against a harness and you're using that harness for everything, wouldn't you just train with the harness to ensure that you get the best possible quality out of,swyx: Well, the, uh, I, I can provide a counter argument.Yeah, sure. Which is what you wanna provide a generally useful model for other people to plug into their harnesses, right? So if youKyle: Yeah. Harnesses can be open, open source, right?swyx: Yeah. So I mean, that's, that's effectively what's happening with Codex.Kyle: Yeah.swyx: And, but like you may want like a different search tool and then you may have to name it differently or,Nader: I don't know how much people have pushed on this, but can you.Train a model, would it be, have you have people compared training a model for the for the harness versus [00:48:00] like post training forswyx: I think it's the same thing. It's the same thing. It's okay. Just extra post training. INader: see.swyx: And so, I mean, cognition does this course, it does this where you, you just have to like, if your tool is slightly different, um, either force your tool to be like the tool that they train for.Hmm. Or undo their training for their tool and then Oh, that's re retrain. Yeah. It's, it's really annoying and like,Kyle: I would hope that eventually we hit like a certain level of generality with respect to training newswyx: tools. This is not a GI like, it's, this is a really stupid like. Learn my tool b***h.Like, I don't know if, I don't know if I can say that, but like, you know, um, I think what my point kind of is, is that there's, like, I look at slopes of the scaling laws and like, this slope is not working, man. We, we are at a million token con

Na hrudi nosí strieborný trojlístok. Skauti vedia, čo to znamená. A dozvieme sa to aj my. Hostkou Nočnej pyramídy je Silvia Cochová, ktorá v Banskej Bystrici vedie Centrum dobrovoľníctva. Nore Gubkovej porozpráva o goralských predkoch aj o maľovaní na hodváb. | Hosť: Silvia Cochová (celoživotná skautka, ocenená Radom Strieborného trojlístka). | Moderuje: Nora Gubková. | Tolkšou Nočná pyramída pripravuje Slovenský rozhlas, Rádio Slovensko, SRo1.

Voz de Restauración: El celo de Finees – Números 25:6-11 by CCRTV

Svetloba simbolno povezuje ta svet z večnostjo. Celo fiziki pravijo, če poenostavimo njihov strokovni jezik, da za svetlobni žarek čas ne obstaja ...

»Celo javnomnenjske poizvedbe v medijih, sicer naklonjenih vladi, so namreč do levega trojčka neizprosne in dober mesec pred volitvami obetajo preobrat in desnosredinsko vlado. Seveda te še zdaleč niso odločene. Prava bitka se šele začenja in udarci pod pasom bodo vse pogostejši, zato jih velja v kar največji meri dojemati v luči predvolilnega obdobja,« je v komentarju zapisal Peter Avsenik.

Da se vsaj nekoliko razbremenite od razburjenja zimskih športov, se na kratko vrnimo k izjavi Žana Mahniča o ustanovitvi urada za pregon. Vemo, vemo, da vam Mahnič do danes leze že iz vseh telesnih odprtin, a trdimo, da nihče v resnici ni analiziral njegove izjave. Tako smo prikrajšani za natančno védenje, kaj je jeznoriti Žan sploh povedal. Med medaljami se torej na kratko vrnimo do metanja tujcev iz države. Najprej izjava v celoti, da bo lahko analiza natančna in nepristranska. Citat: »Ustanovili bomo urad za deportacije z enim zaposlenim, dvema pomočnikoma, avtobusi in dvajsetimi policijskimi specialci. Vsi, ki so ilegalno prestopili mejo, bodo morali nazaj.« Konec citata. Kar so vsi analitiki spregledali, je seveda urad. Odkar nas je Marija Terezija z njimi zastrupila imamo Slovenci z uradi veliko veselje. Že dve stoletji jih ustanavljamo z nezmanjšanim tempom in nabralo se jih je toliko, da so postali resnično breme. Celo komunisti, zviti kujoni, ki so še bolj kot SDS sloveli po svoji učinkovitosti, se uradov niso znali znebiti, kljub temu da so ves čas svojega vladanja napovedovali vojno birokraciji. Na kratko; ženska s trajno ondulacijo in rolo omaro je ponosno upodobljena v grbu in na zastavi slovenskega uradništva in ni je sile, ki bi jo zrušil. Te dni poskuša uradništvo nadomestiti umetna inteligenca, pa slišimo, da je že obupala. In zdaj k Žanu. Napovedal je ustanovitev urada, kar je, kot smo ugotovili, za vsako novo oblast običajno. Ampak naša pozornost velja kadrovski zasedbi. »En zaposlen in dva pomočnika!« In v tem grmu tiči uradnik. Nikoli in nikdar se še ni zgodilo, da bi imel slovenski urad enega zaposlenega in dva pomočnika! Analizirajmo. En zaposlen je zagotovo šef. Brez njega ni pisarne. Dva pomočnika sta tajnica in blagajničarka. Ampak kot vemo, na uradu, ki da kaj nase, ne smeta manjkati še PR in pa sindikalni predstavnik. Tako imamo nenadoma štiri pomočnike in enega zaposlenega. Čim pa imaš takšno množico v uradu, šef potrebuje pomoč, se pravi namestnika oziroma podšefa. To bi vse še šlo, če uradniška logika ne bi bila piramidno zgrajena. Bolj se širi vrh, ustrezno se krepi tudi baza pod njim. Torej imamo nenadoma dva zaposlena, štiri pomočnike, avtobusi so bili že prej v množini, ampak policijski specialci pa se takoj povečajo na štirideset. Ampak tu se še ne konča. Predvidevamo, da bi bil urad v Ljubljani, in kot je splošno znano, je v Ljubljani nemogoče imeti urad, brez da bi v njem bilo nekaj premičnega pohištva, oziroma kadra, ki so nečaki od nekoga. Ko se v uradu zaposli nekaj teh, recimo še dva, dobimo štiri zaposlene, osem pomočnikov in osemdeset specialcev. Tako nastane že povsem spodoben urad, ki pa v teh razmerah kadrovske podhranjenosti že potrebuje strokovnega sodelavca, pravno službo, osebo za mednarodno sodelovanje in nekoga, ki ureja interno glasilo in počitniške zmogljivosti. Tako nekaj tednov po ustanovitvi urada Mahnič debelo pogleda, ko je v njegovem miselnem konstruktu zaposlenih osem ljudi, ki imajo šestnajst pomočnikov, avtobusnih šoferjev je okoli dvajset, pet uslužbencev je v avtoparku za vse te avtobuse, sto šestdeset policijskih specialcev pa je pripravljenih, da se požene v boj proti ilegalnim migrantom. Takšna bo realnost urada za deportacije in niti sam Janez Janša, ki je hodeča učinkovitost, pri tem ne more nič. Kaj šele Žan Mahnič. Gremo z analizo naprej. Imamo torej bataljon policijskih specialcev, ki se z avtobusi prevaža po deželi, akcijo pa koordinira urad s sedežem v kateri od steklenih stolpnic v prestolnici. Ampak težava je v tem, da prostoživečih ilegalnih migrantov v Sloveniji ni. Hočemo povedati, da ima ameriški urad, ki je vzornik našemu prihodnjemu, dosti bolj zahtevno delo. Tam se ilegalni migranti skušajo infiltrirati v družbo. Delajo za majhen denar, otroke pošiljajo v šolo, plačujejo davke in se nasploh obnašajo kot normalni državljani. Zato mora ameriški urad delati izjemno natančno, kdaj pa kdaj koga ustreliti, da splaši ostale – pač po modelu »Puška poči, ena pade, koliko jih še sedi?« Pri nas pa urad tega ne bo delal, ker so naši ilegalni migranti povsem drugačni od ameriških. Hočemo povedati, da ne letajo okoli po gozdovih, niti ne zalivajo naših vrtov, niti ne čistijo bazenov ali delajo v skladiščih. Naši ilegalni migranti najprej nimajo nobenega interesa ostati v Sloveniji (za kar bo v uradu skrbel oddelek za etiko ilegalnih migrantov), temveč se poskušajo čimprej odpraviti naprej. Tisti, ki se pri nas zataknejo, pa pohlevno čakajo v migrantskih centrih in se ga kdaj pa kdaj napijejo. Ter se tako poskušajo zliti z okolico. Torej; ko bo urad izdal odločbo za deportacijo, se bo sto šestdeset policijskih specialcev pripeljalo pred oni dom na Notranjskem, pospremilo nesrečneža v špalirju mitraljezov na avtobus in ga slavnostno vrnilo na Hrvaško. Mahnič pa se bo pri tem strogo in učinkovito držal. Pa še k zadnjemu poglavju analize … Ko so celo pri SDS-u ugotovili, da so tokrat brcnili v temo, so se rešili s pojasnilom, da mi ne bomo deportirali ilegalnih migrantov kot Američani, ki jih mečejo iz države po znamenitem modelu »Dead or Alive«, temveč bomo to počeli po danskem modelu. Danski model je jasno mnogo bolj human, ker je danska domovina Vikingov, čajnega peciva, lego kock in lepih manir. A nihče se v resnici ni vprašal, kako je videti danski model deportacije ... Torej; če si tam ilegalni migrant, te Danci začopatijo in vržejo iz države. In med procesom ponavljajo: »Tak!« in »Tak!« Kar pomeni prosim in hvala …

„V lidské povaze je lenost, pohodlnost, touha po zázraku, a tyto věci mají společného jmenovatele – to, že to přijde zvenčí. Zázrak také přichází zvenčí. A teď se tato lákadla sumarizovala, a už nebyl zas tak velký problém lidi přesvědčit, aby to chtěli,“ říká lékařka Jarmila Klímová v rozhovoru pro pořad Kupředu do minulosti. 3. díl, 06.02.2026, www.RadioUniversum.cz

** Ponte en presencia de Dios. Trata de hablar con Él. ** 10 minutos son 10 minutos aunque te puedas distraer. Llega hasta el final. ** Sé constante. El Espíritu Santo actúa “a fuego lento” y requiere constancia. Audios de 10 minutos que te ayudan a rezar. Un pasaje del Evangelio, una idea, una anécdota y un sacerdote que te habla y habla al Señor invitándote a compartir tu intimidad con Dios. Busca tu momento, piensa que estás con Él y dale al play. Toda la info en nuestra web: www.10minutosconjesus.org diezminutosconjesus@gmail.com Para recibir cada día tu meditación por Whatsapp pulsa aquí: http://dozz.es/nu36t

V 82. epizóde som sa rozprával s Václavom Staněkom, zakladateľom firmy Vasky. Václav otvorene pomenoval, čo sa deje vo vašej hlave, keď vám firma rastie, ale vy sa aj tak neviete zastaviť. Bavili sme sa o tom, ako sa mení founder spolu s biznisom, prečo sa vie človek úplne zaseknúť v nekonečnom kole, no tiež prečo je spokojnosť často nedosiahnuteľný cieľ, aj keď zvonka všetko vyzerá „úspešne“. Médiá ho prirovnávajú k slávnemu Baťovi. Je mu niečím podobný, alebo je to len mediálny nadpis?Časť rozhovoru bola o strese a tlaku, ktorý si zakladatelia nosia domov. Václav vysvetľoval, čo mu reálne pomáha, keď to začne liezť na hlavu, a prečo je pohyb a režim niekedy dôležitejší než ďalší „hack“. Rozobrali sme aj to, ako sa mení osobnosť pri raste firmy a prečo niektorí ľudia zostanú zacyklení v tom, že stále niečo „musí byť viac“, aj keď už dávno majú výsledky, o ktorých kedysi snívali.Prebrali sme aj jeho skúsenosť s televíznou šou a veľmi prakticky sme otvorili otázku, či má takýto formát pre značku reálny prínos, alebo je to len jednorazový šum. Zaujímavá bola aj téma brandu zakladateľa. Václav popisoval, prečo ľudia kupujú intenzívnejšie, keď vedia, kto za značkou stojí. Dal aj brutálne konkrétny príklad z praxe, keď rozdával doživotné topánky a zákazník mu neveril, že je majiteľom firmy.V závere sme sa dostali k rastu značky, expanzii na Slovensko a k ambícii budovať firmu dlhodobo bez toho, aby musela byť závislá od investorov. Tento diel je plný skúseností, užitočných a hlavne praktických rád pre podnikanie, vďaka ktorým dokážete zlepšiť svoj biznis aj v prípade, že nepredávate topánky. Užívajte!---------------------------------------------------------------------------Kapitoly: 00:00:00 – Predstavenie hosťa 00:04:04 – Začiatok firmy Vasky 00:11:35 – Ako riešiť stres? 00:15:31 – Vývoj biznisu a osobnosti 00:19:54 – Zacyklený founder 00:23:47 – TV šou ako marketing00:27:07 – Tvár zakladateľa predáva viac než kampaň00:33:27 – Marketing firmy Vasky 00:38:46 – Ako rásť bez toho, aby sa rozpadla kvalita? 00:42:34 – Expanzia na Slovensko 00:48:57 – Celoživotná firma bez investície? 00:52:11 – Čo odporúča Václav Staněk?00:54:13 – Zmysel života podľa Václava Staněka---------------------------------------------------------------------------Viac z podcastov nájdete na:https://www.truban.sk/podcast/---------------------------------------------------------------------------Všetky spomenuté knihy a podcasty nájdete v článku na blogu:https://wp.me/p5NJVg-Vb---------------------------------------------------------------------------Podcast si môžete vypočuť aj na streamovacích platformách:● Spotify ▸ https://spoti.fi/31Nywax ● Apple podcast ▸ https://apple.co/3n0SO8F---------------------------------------------------------------------------● Najlepšie z podcastu na Instagrame ●https://www.instagram.com/truban.podcast/● Truban.sk ●https://bit.ly/3r1vYQJ ● Instagram ●https://www.instagram.com/truban/● Facebook ●https://www.facebook.com/miso.truban● LinkedIn ●https://sk.linkedin.com/in/truban

Früher Jugendarrest, heute Charts: Nizi19 droppt sein neues Album „Risiken & Nebenwirkungen“ und liefert mit Pashanim und ihrem 4. Feature "MMA" die nächste Berliner Hymne ab. Aber was ist eigentlich mit ihrem legendären Track „Festpreis“? In dieser Podcast-Folge von Deutschrap Plus tauchen wir tief ein in den Kosmos von 1019. Wir analysieren die neue Single „MMA“ und blicken zurück auf die gemeinsame Historie. Außerdem lüften wir die verrückte Kennenlerngeschichte von Nizi und Lucio101: Wieso waren die beiden in Nachbarzellen im Jugendarrest und wie wurde daraus eine der gehyptesten Rap-Crews Deutschlands? Kann man 1019 mit der 187 Strassenbande vergleichen? Im Fokus steht auch das neue Album: Wir besprechen die krassen Features mit Bonez MC, LX, Celo & Abdi, Kalim, Caney030 und vielen mehr. Zum Abschluss gehen wir einem Gerücht nach: Wer ist der mysteriöse Newcomer Gangsta Ralph und wird er wirklich das neueste Mitglied der 1019-Gang? All das erfahrt ihr in der neuen Folge des Deutschrap Plus Podcasts – jetzt direkt reinhören und abonnieren!

Celo Sin ConocimientoRomanos 10:1-13Febrero 1, 2026Punto Principal: Para glorificar a Dios, es necesario adorarle en espíiritu y en verdad.Celo sin conocimiento:1. Te deja bajo condenación.2. Te lleva a la religión.3. Te excluye de la fe en Jesucristo.

Franzaforta - Celo & Abdi | 15 Jahre Mietwagentape: Hätten sie Solo gehen müssen? | Call-Center Storys Vom Call-Center zum „Mietwagentape“: Wir feiern 15 Jahre MWT und sprechen über das erste große Celo & Abdi Release – damals noch via Bluetooth auf eure Handys, gibt euch bös! In dieser Podcast-Folge von Deutschrap Plus gehen wir zurück ins Abschlussquartal 2010. Wir blicken zurück auf den Release von „Franzaforta“ und das legendäre erste Mixtape, das damals kostenlos via Download zur Verfügung gestellt wurde. Wir klären die verrückte Kennenlerngeschichte der beiden im Call-Center, ihren ersten Kontakt zu Haftbefehl und wie sie es geschafft haben, den Sprachgebrauch der Jugend bis heute zu prägen. Wusstet ihr eigentlich, dass der legendäre Franzaforta-Beat ursprünglich von The Game war? Zum Abschluss diskutieren wir: Was wäre passiert, wenn Celo & Abdi für ihre Karrieren Solo-Pfade eingeschlagen hätten, oder ist genau diese unzertrennliche Chemie ihr wahres Erfolgsgeheimnis? All das erfahrt ihr in der neuen Folge des Deutschrap Plus Podcasts – jetzt direkt reinhören und abonnieren!

Celo is quietly powering real-world payments at global scale. In this episode, David and Ryan sit down with Marek Olszewski, CEO of cLabs, to unpack how Celo became a fast, low-cost payments layer used for remittances, savings, onchain FX, and identity across emerging markets. They explore why Celo stayed focused on peer-to-peer payments while others chased trends, how Opera's MiniPay onboarded hundreds of thousands of daily users, and why stablecoins are reshaping global finance from the ground up. The conversation spans onchain FX, proof of personhood with Self.xyz, Ethereum's L2 future, and why fast, cheap payments, not hype, may be crypto's real unlock. ---

Kakšno zdravstvo zapušča ta vlada za seboj, je pacientom bolje kot prej? Komu so koristili reformni ukrepi? Kako zadržati vrhunske specialiste v javnem zdravstvu? Zdravstvena blagajna napoveduje finančno stresno leto, se morajo pacienti bati krčenja pravic? Celo na primarni ravni nekateri napovedujejo samoplačniške pakete! Foto: Daniel Novakovič STA

"Acknowledge Him" "Reconócelo a El"A message preached by Pastor Mike Henry and Pastor Joe Rivas at Royal View Baptist Church.Worship Guitar - 100 Beautiful Hymns - Instrumental - Peaceful Gospel Music --- Used by the permission of the artist Josh Snodgrass.

»Zadovoljna sem s svojim življenjem. Nekatere pretekle odločitve bi lahko preskočila, vendar sem se iz njih tudi učila«, je v pogovoru dejala mag. Andreja Jernejčič. Novinarka, svetovalka za odnose z javnostmi in veščin javnega nastopanja, ki je ob predavanjih, tudi na več fakultetah, delavnicah in ob avtorskih televizijskih oddajah, izdala več knjig, zadnja govori o samozavesti. Andreja pravi: »Pri nastopanju sta ključni iskrenost in vsebina«.

Rozhovor s významnou osobnosťou slovenskej vedy, odborníkom na stavebnú fyziku a laureátom Ceny za vedu a techniku 2025 v kategórii Celoživotné zásluhy v oblasti vedy a techniky profesorom Jozefom Hraškom.  V novom diele podcastu sa venujemeúrovni denného osvetlenia v budovách na Slovensku aj v zahraničí, kde porovnávame rôzne prístupy k preslneniu a stavebníctvu. Hovoríme o Spojených štátoch, kde sa v sedemdesiatych rokoch stavali školy bez okien, o štáte New York a princípoch rímskeho práva pri vlastníctve pozemkov aj o tom, prečo niektoré budovy v meste, ktoré nikdy nespí, pripomínajú tvar torty. Zavítame aj do Japonska, Číny, Indie, Spojeného kráľovstva či Írska.Profesor Hraška vysvetľuje, prečo je vhodnejšie ísť na obhliadku bytu počas zamračeného dňa, akú úlohu zohrávadenné svetlo v našom cirkadiánnom rytme a prečo je jeho nedostatok problémom nielen architektonickým, ale aj zdravotným. Dotýkame sa aj syndrómu chorých budov a širších súvislostí medzi prostredím, v ktorom žijeme,a naším fungovaním.  Prof. Ing. Jozef Hraška, PhD., pôsobí na Katedre konštrukciípozemných stavieb Stavebnej fakulty Slovenskej technickej univerzity v Bratislave od roku 1979. V rámci pedagogickej činnosti prednášal viaceré predmety, medzi inými špeciálne konštrukcie pozemných stavieb, solárnu technikua osvetlenie budov a udržateľnú architektúru. Garantoval a inovoval niekoľko študijných programov na všetkých stupňoch vysokoškolského štúdia. Vo vedeckovýskumnej činnosti sa špecializoval na simulácie energií a vnútornéhoprostredia budov, denné osvetlenie, insoláciu a energetickú hospodárnosť budov. Je laureátom Ceny za vedu a techniku 2025 v kategórii Celoživotné zásluhy v oblasti vedy a techniky. O podcastePodcast VEDA NA DOSAH vznikol preto, aby sa k slovu dostali naše odborníčky a naši odborníci. Slovenská vedaje plná osobností, ktoré denne objavujú svet, aby sa nám mohlo ľahšie žiť. V epizódach môžete počuť výskumníkov z rôznych vedeckých oblastí.Všetky podcasty VEDA NA DOSAH sú dostupné na stránke vedanadosah.sk, na YouTube CVTI SR, cezaplikácie Spotify a Apple Podcasts a na ďalších streamovacích platformách. Nahrávanie podcastu prebehlo v priestoroch NIVaM. Podcasty z oblasti školstva si môžete vypočuť na https://nivam.sk/?s=podcast.                                                       

In this episode of Spanish Fridays, we dive into the fundamentals of heat detection and insemination techniques in dairy cattle. Learn practical tips to identify estrus, improve reproductive efficiency, and enhance herd management. Whether you're a student, producer, or just curious about dairy practices, this episode provides clear, step-by-step insights in both Spanish and English. Tune in and take your dairy knowledge to the next level! We discuss the University of Georgia's Speaking Spanish to Improve Dairy Cattle Reproduction bulletin: https://fieldreport.caes.uga.edu/publications/B1344/speaking-spanish-to-improve-dairy-cattle-reproduction/ We Want Your Feedback! Help shape the future of the podcast by completing our quick listener survey: https://go.iastate.edu/SPANISHFRI

Byty zdražují raketovým tempem, kvalita výstavby ale často míří opačným směrem. Ani novostavby za miliony nejsou bez chyb a majitelé místo radosti z nového bydlení řeší plísně, tepelné mosty nebo stavební vady. Co si pohlídat?Metr čtvereční pražského bytu je na dostřel hranice 200 tisíc korun. Vysoká cena však automaticky neznamená vysokou kvalitu. Naopak – inspektoři nemovitostí varují, že s tlakem na rychlost výstavby přibývá chyb, které si noví majitelé často uvědomí až ve chvíli, kdy je pozdě. Převzetí bytu nebo rodinného domu přitom patří k nejdůležitějším momentům v životě rodiny.Kdo pořizoval nemovitost před deseti lety, trefil zlatý čas – hypoteční úroky tehdy klesly pod dvě procenta a trh se vzpamatoval z hypoteční krize. „Velký byt v Praze, 3+1 kolem 70 metrů čtverečních, jsme tehdy koupili za sedm až osm milionů. Po pěti letech už to bylo kolem deseti milionů. Když ho dnes koupíme za patnáct, jsme ještě rádi,“ rekapituluje v podcastu Ve vatě Libor Ostatek, hypoteční expert Broker Trust a Golem Finance.O to větší je pak zklamání, když ani za takové peníze není práce odvedena precizně. Podle Michala Flachse, mediátora realitních sporů a mluvčího Asociace inspektorů nemovitostí, je hlavním problémem rychlost. „Dneska chceme mít postaveno za tři měsíce a přitom chceme dům nebo byt na celý život,“ říká.*****Ve vatě. Podcast novinářky Markéty Bidrmanové. Poslechněte si konkrétní rady investorů a odborníků na téma investic, inflace, úvěrů a hypoték. Finanční „kápézetka“ pro všechny, kterým nejsou peníze ukradené.Vychází každý čtvrtek. Poslouchejte na Seznam Zprávách, Podcasty.cz nebo ve všech podcastových aplikacích.V podcastu vysvětlujeme základní finanční pojmy a principy, nejde ale o investiční poradenství.O čem byste chtěli poslouchat příště? Co máme zlepšit? A co naopak určitě neměnit? Vaše připomínky, tipy i výtky uvítáme na adrese audio@sz.cz.

Čeští bonsajisté patří k evropské špičce a jejich práce je oceňována i v Japonsku. Pěstování miniaturních stromků ale není jen zahradnickým koníčkem – je to celoživotní spojení s přírodou, uměním a disciplínou mysli. Jak se k této fascinující umělecké a pěstitelské praxi dostali Libor Slatinka a Kamil Abuklam z České bonsajové asociace?Všechny díly podcastu Host Radiožurnálu můžete pohodlně poslouchat v mobilní aplikaci mujRozhlas pro Android a iOS nebo na webu mujRozhlas.cz.

Čeští bonsajisté patří k evropské špičce a jejich práce je oceňována i v Japonsku. Pěstování miniaturních stromků ale není jen zahradnickým koníčkem – je to celoživotní spojení s přírodou, uměním a disciplínou mysli. Jak se k této fascinující umělecké a pěstitelské praxi dostali Libor Slatinka a Kamil Abuklam z České bonsajové asociace?

The final Fed meeting of 2025 delivered a surprise rate cut, but the real story is how the market is reacting. In this week's Weekly Rollup, Ryan and David unpack what the new policy shift means for crypto liquidity, why regulators across the SEC, CFTC, and OCC are suddenly embracing onchain markets, and how Tom Lee's massive ETH accumulation is reshaping sentiment. We also get into Ethereum's growing momentum from ZK advancements and blob upgrades, the ZKsync Atlas rollout, Base's bridge drama with Solana, and Farcaster's pivot away from social. Plus, the rise of tokenization, new prediction market rails, and whether this week marks the first real cycle turn for Ethereum. ------

Superstate introduces Direct Issuance Programs. Celo activates OP Succinct Lite. Gauntlet supports Ethereum on its USDC Vault. And Deutsche Bank publishes a report on ZK for institutions. Read more: https://ethdaily.io/840 Sponsor: Arkiv is an Ethereum-aligned data layer for Web3. Arkiv brings the familiar concept of a traditional Web2 database into the Web3 ecosystem. Find out more at Arkiv.network Content is for informational purposes only, not endorsement or investment advice. The accuracy of information is not guaranteed.

Ondo's launch of tokenized US stocks and ETFs within the Binance wallet with Ondo Finance President Ian de Bode. Ondo Finance President Ian de Bode joins CoinDesk Live, presented by Celo, from Binance Blockchain Week to announce the launch of tokenized US stocks and ETFs within the Binance wallet, giving 280 million global users 24/7 access to US capital markets. Plus, he explains why tokenized assets are superior to traditional brokerage accounts, offering seamless transferability, DeFi utility, and lower fees for international investors. - This episode was hosted by Jennifer Sanasie and Sam Ewen.

Ondo's launch of tokenized US stocks and ETFs within the Binance wallet with Ondo Finance President Ian de Bode. Ondo Finance President Ian de Bode joins CoinDesk Live, presented by Celo, from Binance Blockchain Week to announce the launch of tokenized US stocks and ETFs within the Binance wallet, giving 280 million global users 24/7 access to US capital markets. Plus, he explains why tokenized assets are superior to traditional brokerage accounts, offering seamless transferability, DeFi utility, and lower fees for international investors. - This episode was hosted by Jennifer Sanasie and Sam Ewen.

The "ABC's of Crypto" with Binance CMO Rachel Conlan. Binance Chief Marketing Officer Rachel Conlan joins CoinDesk Live, presented by Celo, from Binance Blockchain Week to detail the launch of Binance Junior and Binance's “ABC's of Crypto,” book. Highlighting Binance's key strategy to improve financial literacy with children, she aims to involve multiple generations in conversations about responsible saving and the future of digital assets. - This episode was hosted by Jennifer Sanasie and Sam Ewen.

Pakistan's crypto boom with the Chairman of Pakistan's Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority, Bilal Bin Saqib. Bilal Bin Saqib, Chairman of Pakistan's Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority, joins CoinDesk Live, presented by Celo, from Binance Blockchain Week. He discusses the nation's new mandate to accelerate crypto adoption and bring clarity to the market. Additionally, Saqib details government plans to launch a stablecoin and leverage Bitcoin mining to secure sovereign compute for Pakistan's massive, tech-savvy youth population. - This episode was hosted by Jennifer Sanasie and Sam Ewen.

Binance's vision with co-CEOs Richard Teng and Yi He. Binance co-CEO Richard Teng and newly announced co-CEO Yi He join CoinDesk Live, presented by Celo, from Binance Blockchain Week to share their vision for the company as they move toward 2026. Plus, they unveil their user-focused strategy, the exponential growth of the ecosystem, and their commitment to working with regulators globally, citing the UAE as a forward-thinking region. - This episode was hosted by Jennifer Sanasie and Sam Ewen.

SchiffGold Founder Peter Schiff on CoinDesk Live from Binance Blockchain Week. SchiffGold Founder and Euro Pacific Asset Management Chief Economist Peter Schiff joins CoinDesk Live, presented by Celo, at Binance Blockchain Week to discuss his views on the current crypto market and his debate with CZ. In a no holds barred interview, Schiff compares the modern digital asset boom to the 2005-2006 subprime mortgage bubble and argues that most crypto companies are headed for bankruptcy. - This episode was hosted by Jennifer Sanasie and Sam Ewen.

SchiffGold Founder Peter Schiff on CoinDesk Live from Binance Blockchain Week. SchiffGold Founder and Euro Pacific Asset Management Chief Economist Peter Schiff joins CoinDesk Live, presented by Celo, at Binance Blockchain Week to discuss his views on the current crypto market and his debate with CZ. In a no holds barred interview, Schiff compares the modern digital asset boom to the 2005-2006 subprime mortgage bubble and argues that most crypto companies are headed for bankruptcy. - This episode was hosted by Jennifer Sanasie and Sam Ewen.

Exploring the rise of crypto KOLs with Celo Co-Founder Rene Reinsberg and 'Binance Blockchain 100' Award Winner Leon. At Binance Blockchain Week, Celo Co-Founder Rene Reinsberg and KOL Leon joined CoinDesk Live, presented by Celo, for a wide-ranging discussion. Fresh off receiving a 'Binance Blockchain 100' Award, Leon joined Reinsberg to highlight the critical role of community builders in the ecosystem. Together, they emphasized the urgent need for trusted voices and diligent research to counter misinformation in the age of AI. - This episode was hosted by Jennifer Sanasie and Sam Ewen.

Unveiling Nansen's new agentic trading platform with CEO Alex Svanevik. Speaking on CoinDesk Live, presented by Celo, at Binance Blockchain Week, Nansen CEO Alex Svanevik unveiled plans for a new agentic trading platform. By merging Nansen's premier on-chain data with a conversational AI, the tool can independently discover, vet, and execute trades. This new model—dubbed "vibe trading"—replaces complex dashboards with a streamlined interface, aiming to make on-chain trading accessible to 100x more users while prioritizing safeguards against AI hallucinations. - This episode was hosted by Jennifer Sanasie and Sam Ewen.

Opera EVP of Mobile Jørgen Arnesen and Celo Co-Founder Rene Reinsberg announce an extension of their MiniPay partnership. Opera and Celo are extending their MiniPay partnership, aiming to onboard one billion people into the Web3 economy by 2030. Celo Co-Founder Rene Reinsberg and Opera EVP of Mobile Jørgen Arnesen join CoinDesk Live from Binance Blockchain Week to discuss the announcement and share how this product abstracts crypto complexity, enabling easy payments and access to mini apps for hundreds of millions of existing Opera users. - This episode was hosted by Jennifer Sanasie and Sam Ewen.

Unveiling Nansen's new agentic trading platform with CEO Alex Svanevik. Speaking on CoinDesk Live, presented by Celo, at Binance Blockchain Week, Nansen CEO Alex Svanevik unveiled plans for a new agentic trading platform. By merging Nansen's premier on-chain data with a conversational AI, the tool can independently discover, vet, and execute trades. This new model—dubbed "vibe trading"—replaces complex dashboards with a streamlined interface, aiming to make on-chain trading accessible to 100x more users while prioritizing safeguards against AI hallucinations. - This episode was hosted by Jennifer Sanasie and Sam Ewen.

Voz de Restauración: El celo de Finees – Números 25:6-11 by CCRTV

Agradece a este podcast tantas horas de entretenimiento y disfruta de episodios exclusivos como éste. ¡Apóyale en iVoox! Un saludo mecenas y amigos. Continuamos con el capítulo 5 del tercer libro de El Gobierno de los Príncipes de Santo Tomás de Aquino en el 800 Aniversario de su nacimiento (1224-2024). Resumen: Los romanos merecieron el dominio por justicia: gobernaron sin avaricia ni lujuria, atrajeron adhesión y sometimiento voluntario mediante leyes santas. Ejemplo jurídico: Festo no condena a Pablo sin acusadores presentes ni defensa; muestra el debido proceso del derecho romano. San Agustín: Dios unificó el mundo bajo Roma para vivir en paz con una república y unas leyes. Derecho natural: quien cuida de otros merece recompensa; por eso existen señorío, tributos y la función de castigar al malo y premiar al bueno (“no hay autoridad sino de Dios”). El poder es legítimo cuando conserva la sociedad civil; sin justicia, los reinos no son más que latrocinios (Agustín). Anécdota del pirata y Alejandro: misma acción, distinta escala; la justicia es lo que separa imperio de piratería. Celo romano por la ley: Bruto ejecuta a sus hijos por sedición; Torcuato al suyo por desobediencia militar, para preservar la disciplina y el orden. Conclusión: por su celo legal y rectitud, los romanos recibieron de Dios un señorío justo y legítimo. 📗ÍNDICE COMPLETO LIBRO I cap1. Que es necesario que los hombres que viven juntos sean gobernados por alguno. https://go.ivoox.com/rf/123277292 cap2. Que es más útil a los hombres que viven juntos, ser gobernados por uno que por muchos. cap3. Que así como el gobierno de uno es el mejor, siendo justo, no siéndolo es el peor, y pruébase con muchas razones. https://go.ivoox.com/rf/124423426 Cap4. Cómo se mudó el gobierno entre los romanos, y que entre ellos fue más aumentado el Estado por el gobierno de muchos. cap5. Que en el gobierno de muchos suele suceder más veces la tiranía, por lo cual es mejor el gobierno de uno. https://go.ivoox.com/rf/126007427 Cap6. Cómo actuar frente a la tiranía. https://go.ivoox.com/rf/127129200 cap7. ¿Es la gloria y el honor un pago a los servicios de un Rey? https://go.ivoox.com/rf/128130682 cap8. La aspiración última de los gobernantes. https://go.ivoox.com/rf/129097515 Cap9. El premio que Dios da a los Gobernantes. https://go.ivoox.com/rf/130057008 Cap10. Gobernar según el bien común https://go.ivoox.com/rf/131010735 cap 11. Prosperan más los reyes que los tiranos. cap 12. Semejanza entre Dios, el Rey y el alma. https://go.ivoox.com/rf/131871001 cap13. El rey debe gobernar con semejanza divina https://go.ivoox.com/rf/132906269 Cap14 El Rey debe encaminar a los hombres al fin último https://go.ivoox.com/rf/133575300 Cap. 15 El Rey procurará tb los bienes intermedios. https://go.ivoox.com/rf/134284521 LIBRO II Cap1 La fundación de ciudades o reinos https://go.ivoox.com/rf/134787091 Cap2 El lugar adecuado para levantar una ciudad https://go.ivoox.com/rf/135455265 Cap 3 La ciudad autosuficiente. https://go.ivoox.com/rf/136228827 Cap 4 El ocio en las ciudades https://go.ivoox.com/rf/136907767 Cap 5 Las riquezas naturales de los reyes https://go.ivoox.com/rf/137678104 Cap 6. Ganadería y caza de los reyes. https://go.ivoox.com/rf/139107390 Cap 7. Las riquezas artificiales como el oro y la plata. https://go.ivoox.com/rf/140309412 Cap 8. Gobiernos republicano y democrático. https://go.ivoox.com/rf/142607446 Cap 9. El gobierno despótico https://go.ivoox.com/rf/144895692 Cap 10 Los ministros del Rey https://go.ivoox.com/rf/146052059 Cap 11 Las fortalezas de los reyes https://go.ivoox.com/rf/148408752 caP 12 Caminos seguros Cap 13 Necesidad de la moneda https://go.ivoox.com/rf/150226857 cap 14 Los pesos y las medidas cap 15 la solicitud hacia los pobres https://go.ivoox.com/rf/151850841 cap 16 El Rey debe ser devoto https://go.ivoox.com/rf/153922004 LIBRO III cap 1 El poder político viene de Dios https://go.ivoox.com/rf/155664342 cap 2 El poder político viene de Dios (2) https://go.ivoox.com/rf/157793199 cap 3 El poder político viene de Dios (3) https://go.ivoox.com/rf/160523346 cap 4 El amor a la Patria https://go.ivoox.com/rf/161298582 cap 5 Los Estados deben ser justos 🔊 Puedes acceder a este audio bien apoyando el canal Curso de Filosofía y escuchar sin restricciones todos mis audios https://www.ivoox.com/podcast-curso-de-filosofia_sq_f1300020_1.html o bien como usuario de Ivoox plus https://www.ivoox.com/plus (en este caso podrás oír todos los audios exclusivos de cualquier creador de contenido). Como oyente premium no podrás acceder a este audio, pues sólo desbloqueas ciertas características pero no el escuchar audios exclusivos. Un saludo y gracias por tu apoyo.Escucha este episodio completo y accede a todo el contenido exclusivo de CURSO DE FILOSOFÍA. Descubre antes que nadie los nuevos episodios, y participa en la comunidad exclusiva de oyentes en https://go.ivoox.com/sq/300020

Moderuje Stanislav Jurík

Rebelión y celo: Estando bajo autoridad por Bishop Joaquin G. Molina

This week is the AZ Mega Mix! 01. Tripp St. – Head Rearranger 00:44 02. SIPPY ft. ProbCause – Smoak & Sip 01:15 03. Eptic – Forcefield 02:55 04. Gentlemens Club – Someday 04:22 05. Mike Posner – Cooler Than Me (Getter Extended Remix) 05:19 06. ATLiens – Crazy (HURTBOX Remix) 07:27 07. sfam – Keep The Change 08:52 08. Sharlitz Web – Heart Chamber 09:21 09. NGHTMRE, Viperactive & JT Roach – Cyanide 10:31 10. Waka Flocka Flame ft. Kebo Gotti – Grove St. Party (Super Future Remix) 12:01 11. Eprom & Zeke Beats – Humanoid 2.0 12:35 12. Boogie T – On The Rocks 13:44 13. Mersiv & Seth David – Jump (Seth David VIP) 14:56 14. VKTM x TAPE B – Nocturnal 16:14 15. jordnmoody & Deafadil – Comethru 18:38 16. Wooli – Samplifire ACID 19:47 17. Slang Dogs & Blurrd Vzn – Mind 20:50 18. NGHTMRE, GorillaT & IRAH – Everybody Knows 21:45 19. WRAZ & Substance – Nostromo 23:04 20. Mary Droppinz & Casey Club – Sofa Soup 24:13 21. BadKlaat – Centrifuge 26:30 22. Rated R – Ride 27:49 23. deadgirl & PYKE – Outnumbered 28:23 24. Distinct Motive – Cells 29:35 25. ATLiens ft. GG Magree – Black Sheep 31:49 26. IVORY – Riots 34:09 27. Viperactive, Strobez & Vel Nine – One Time 35:32 28. Combine & Mythm – Old School 37:21 29. PhaseOne ft. HVDES – Lullaby 38:40 30. Xotix – Sucka 40:50 31. Funtcase – 50 Calibre 42:13 32. INFEKT & HAMRO ft. XAE – Da Pit (INFEKT VIP) 44:05 33. 7L – All In 45:55 34. Vicious & Fieldz – Resin 47:44 35. OG Nixin & Duck Beats – Still Bussin 49:15 36. Rated R, Ghastly & GHENGAR – Baja Blaster 50:56 37. Zomboy – Royal Blood 53:00 38. Kill Safari, Kill The Noise & Bro Safari – UGS 54:43 39. Midnight Tyrannosaurus & Jiqui – Gluttonous Heretic 56:15 40. JEANIE ft. BLUPILL – Bulletproof (JEANIE VIP) 58:51 41. AHEE – Wubcraft 1:00:09 42. Benda – Bone Breaker 1:01:26 43. CELO & Vastive – Hardcore 1:02:25 44. LAYZ & RZRKT – Hardest Mfas 1:04:01 45. Sanzu & PROXXXY – Hackblade 1:06:13 46. VILLA – Run 1:07:13 47. Nero – Promises (Acapella) 1:09:21 48. Koven – Gold 1:09:59 49. Nitepunk – Too Hot To Touch 1:11:21 50. Maddy O'Neal ft. ProbCause – Locked In 1:12:07 51. Ravenscoon, OMAS & Dani King – Back To You 1:12:55 52. Netsky ft. Bebe Rexha – The Light That Leads Me 1:14:31 53. Friction – Real Life 1:17:24 54. Digital Ethos – Junkrat 1:18:17 55. Dino & Soothslayer – Elixer 1:20:07 56. A Little Sound – Afterlife 1:21:58 57. Primate & AC13 – Action 1:23:37 58. Kings of the Rollers – Down I Go 1:24:43 59. Delta Heavy – Vandal 1:26:27 60. Circadian & Friction – Interstellar 1:27:55 61. DJ Hazard & D Minds – Mr Happy 1:29:11 62. Skyzophonic – Up One At End 1:29:48 63. SIREN – Power 1:31:59 64. REAPER, AC13 & Kate McGill – Limit 1:33:06 65. Phantom, A.M.C & SUUNE – Gas 1:34:56 66. T & Sugah x Justin Hawkes – Bebe 1:36:07 67. Break – Another Life (Mefjus Remix) 1:37:40 68. Captain Bass & ROVA (NZ) – Eyes On Me (Captain Bass Remix) 1:38:25 69. Dillinja – Grimey 1:39:53 70. Bou, IRAH, Kanine & Trigga – Wicked & Dark 1:40:40 71. Mozey – Nerdy Roller 1:42:30 72. Subsonic – Underwater 1:44:41 73. Grafix & WHAT EVA – Drift Away 1:45:47 74. Audigy – Energy 1:46:53 75. RIOT – Nebula 1:48:32 76. Big Gigantic, Ganja White Night & DENM – Journey 1:49:42 77. Mike Posner – I Took A Pill In Ibiza (Prosecute Remix) 1:51:25 78. Illenium – Good Things Fall Apart 1:53:25 79. Andy C ft. Felix Samuel – Ricochet 1:54:30

Danes začenjamo z novico iz sveta mode, ki se proti koncu poročila čudno zaplete. Ob robu tedna mode, ki je potekal v prestolnici in na katerem so pokazali oblačila, ki bodo na naših ulicah vidna po jedrski kataklizmi, je iz Londona prišla novica, da je slovenska moda osvojila prestižno nagrado. In sicer so se na modni pisti z nagrado, imenovano brunel, okitile uniforme Slovenskih železnic. Kot vemo, so bile te uniforme dolgo temno zelene, če pa ste imeli srečo v zadnjih letih videti na vlaku kakšnega železničarja, je ta nosil temno modro uniformo, ki jo je britanska ustanova prepoznala kot presežek, vreden nagrade. Tako so Slovenske železnice dobile eno najprestižnejših nagrad v svetu železnic. K njihovi točnosti to sicer ne bo pripomoglo, če pa se bo vlak iztiril, bo to storil pod vodstvom elegantno oblečenega strojevodje.Prav o iztirjenih bomo danes govorili, in seveda nismo neuvidevni do te mere, da bi za iztirjenja, skale na tirih, poškodovano signalizacijo in podobne rabote krivili železničarje. Še manj njihove uniforme. Imajo pa napadi na železniško infrastrukturo le dovolj zanimivih in potencialno katastrofalnih elementov, na katere velja opozoriti vsaj v naši oddaji, če se že javnost zaradi tega ne vznemirja preveč. Nazadnje, ko je kdo v Sloveniji namenoma poškodoval železniško infrastrukturo, je bilo to osemdeset in več let nazaj, ko so partizani minirali tire v želji zaustaviti okupatorsko logistiko. Okupatorji so jih brez usmiljenja imenovali banditi, kar se je po osemdesetih letih, ko ponovno doživljamo identične napade, omililo v vandale. Ni treba posebej poudarjati, ne nazadnje so to storili odgovorni pri Slovenskih železnicah, da gre za izjemno nevarno situacijo. Razumni se ne more domisliti ničesar potencialno bolj nevarnega, kar se nam je zgodilo kot narodu od osamosvojitvene vojne sem ... Celo katastrofalne poplave ali avtocestne nesreče, ki so nas doletele, se ne morejo meriti z nevarnostjo, ko se iztiri, bog ne daj, nabito poln potniški vlak. Zato čudi lahkota, s katero tako javnost kot tudi država obravnavamo ta dejanja. Nekaj je treba razjasniti; v sodobni terminologiji galopirajočega nasilja smo kategorije brezsmiselnih dejanj pomensko natančno opredelili. In nameren napad na civiliste, na splošno populacijo za doseganje kakršnihkoli parcialnih ciljev že, se nikjer ne imenuje drugače kot terorizem. V obravnavanih primerih gre za teroristična dejanja in kot zaskrbljenim ter primerno paranoičnim državljanom nam ni jasno, kako se po zadnjem primeru poškodovanja kretnice in posledičnega iztirjenja ni sestal svet za nacionalno varnost. Če kje v naši soseščini doživijo teroristični napad, se to telo nemudoma sestane; nato na zasedanju ugotovijo, da je Slovenija varna država, da je pri nas stopnja ogroženosti nizka, nevarnost terorizma pa zanemarljiva. No, zdaj ni več tako. Teroristična grožnja ni več le grožnja, temveč so napadi na železniško infrastrukturo že sami po sebi teroristični napadi. Odgovorni pa so primere prepustili običajnemu policijskemu delu, ko možje postave med ustavljanjem prometa, lovljenjem prekupčevalcev z barvnimi kovinami in varovanjem nogometnih derbijev še malo povprašajo po sumljivih tipih, ki brkljajo po tirih. Povedano drugače; storilce išče kriminalistična policija, kot da bi šlo za dejanje splošne kriminalitete … Po našem skromnem prepričanju pa gre za teroristično dejanje, ki zahteva povsem drugačen angažma in sestavo varnostnih sil. Ker le gola naključja so vsaj v treh napadih preprečila, da nismo imeli večdnevnih žalovanj, družinskih tragedij in posebne izdaje medijev. Se pravi, da je samo – pod navednicami – sreča preprečila teroristični napad in ga v brezmejni modrosti odgovornih zmanjšala na stopnjo običajnega kriminala. V Sloveniji premoremo dokument, ki se glasi »Državni načrt za zaščito in reševanja ob uporabi orožja ali sredstev za množično uničevanje v teroristične namene oziroma ob terorističnem napadu s klasičnimi sredstvi«. Ob teoretični opredelitvi terorizma, ki ga dokument razume kot »vsako organizirano nasilno dejanje, ki je usmerjeno proti civilistom ali ustanovam ter ga lahko izvajajo nedržavne skupine, posamezniki in države«, načrt predvideva kup dejavnosti, ki se jih sproži ne le po, temveč tudi ob teroristični grožnji. Vsi elementi napada na železniško infrastrukturo natančno sovpadajo z definicijo terorizma, kot ga razume državni načrt, zato bi bilo od odgovornih, ki imajo na tiskovnih konferencah polna usta varnosti, modro in nujno, da ga sprožijo, oziroma da stopnjo teroristične ogroženosti povečajo na »zelo visoko« vse do takrat, dokler se teroristov, ki napadajo železniško infrastrukturo, ne aretira.  

Conferencia de Mons. José Ignacio Munilla sobre la evangelización, formas y modos correctos.

A través del Pastor: Fernando HuancaFecha: 07 de Octubre del 2025Desde la Iglesia : Tabernáculo de SalvaciónLugar: Desde Cochabamba- Bolivia hasta el lugar donde usted está.Comunícate y conéctate con nosotros a través de Facebook y la página webBolivia pequeña entre las naciones de ti saldrá la "Luz a las Naciones"facebook.com/tabernaculodesalvacionfacebook.com/escueladecristoenboliviaApp de Radio: Red Pentecostés Online:Para Android: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.fexred.redpentecostesPara ios (iphone): https://apps.apple.com/es/app/id6473747619www.edcnaciones.org

Mons. José Ignacio Munilla imparte esta charla para el Encuentro Nacional de miembros y amigos del Regnum Christi celebrado el 26 de febrero de 2022.

Matthias Seidl (Matze) is CoFounder and Lorenz Lehmann is Research Lead at growthepie.In this episode, we review growthepie's recent report on Ethereum's 10-year anniversary, "Building The World Ledger." Ethereum's first decade has been defined by landmark upgrades such as The Merge and Dencun, the rise of Layer 2 scaling, and bold experiments that shape how value flows back to ETH. This episode breaks down the key milestones, ecosystem, use cases, and roadmap that will further cement Ethereum as the world's most trustless and reliable ledger.------

- Por Raúl Villarreal - Agosto 17, 2025 

Meditación en el domingo (C) de la XX semana del Tiempo Ordinario, predicada durante un curso anual a numerarios del Opus Dei. Jesús, en el Evangelio de hoy nos enseña un rasgo de su corazón: su ardiente celo por las almas: «He venido a prender fuego en el mundo: ¡y ojalá estuviera ya ardiendo!». Nosotros hemos de imitarle en este santo celo apostólico, que es un don divino, como afirmaba San Josemaría.

Hello Colorado Rapids fans. This weekend the club will be retiring Marcelo Balboa's #17 jersey. It's just the fifth jersey number retirement in MLS history and the second one for Colorado (Pablo Mastroeni's #25 was retired July 4, 2021). Shortly after the end of the 2022 MLS season, we interviewed Celo. This was after the Altitude TV contract had expired. MLS was in the middle of setting up MLS Season Pass on Apple TV. Teams were saying goodbye to their local broadcast partners. Celo was in limbo. He was happy and at peace, amid the uncertainty. Here's that interview again. We discuss him growing up in Southern California and transitioning from college soccer to the fledgling semi-professional game in America. The Colorado Foxes come up. We talk bicycle kicks, his rehab to make the USMNT for the 1994 World Cup, and that wild Copa America. He gets real about his struggles academically, with injuries, and in his personal life. He's got some good stories about his time at Club Leon (Marcelo Balboa Clasico Champions, you'll never sing that!). Then we discuss his legendary Colorado Rapids moments: That phone call with Phil Anschutz, the first goal in Rapids history, the 1997 MLS Cup Final, the 1999 U.S. Open Cup Final, getting traded to the MetroStars, and more. We touch on what he's done since retiring, working with the Rapids Academy, doing soccer media in English y Espanol, y mas! Congratulations Celo. Thank you for everything. Legend, now and always.

In this episode, Anna Rose speaks with Florent Tavernier from Self and Marek Olszewski from Self and Celo to explore how Self are bringing identity onchain using ZK, the Sybil protection that offers, and the origins of OpenPassport. The discussion covers Self's approach to supporting different forms of ID, the challenges of disparate cryptographic standards, and how government signatures can be used to bootstrap onchain identity systems.  Related links: Self Protocol on X/Twitter Episode 364: AI and ZK Auditing with David Wong Episode 363: Bringing ZK to Google Wallet with Abhi and Matteo Episode 358: Building ZK Registries Onchain with Rarimo Episode 93: Light clients & ZKPs with Celo Celo ZK Email Modular Summit 3 panel (with Florent and Anna) Plumo: An Ultralight Blockchain Client 0xPARC MiniPay Map of each country's cryptography choices Aadhaar p0tion: Toolkit for Groth16 Phase 2 Trusted Setup ceremonies. Check out the latest jobs in ZK at the ZK Podcast Jobs Board.  **If you like what we do:** * Find all our links here! @ZeroKnowledge | Linktree * Subscribe to our podcast

Wyatt sits down with Isha Varshney from the Celo Foundation to talk stablecoins. Covered in this episode: Payments in Kenya and Sub-Saharan Africa Stablecoin usage and USDT The future of non-stable tokens