Podcasts about Salt

mineral used as ingredient, composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCl)

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    The TriDot Podcast
    Building a Powerful Body for Short Course Racing

    The TriDot Podcast

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 10, 2025 63:40


    While long course requires stamina, short course racing involves a lot of power and speed! Two-time short course National Champion and TriDot Coach Ben Sommerville joins Coach Ryan Tibball on the podcast to emphasize the importance of building speed before your next short course race. From the timing of fueling and proper form and technique, to powering through those tough training sessions, and even the value of brick workouts, Ben and Ryan break down each discipline and provide tips on how to become more powerful in each sport.

    Pod King Bible Study
    Ep #355: Grace, Salt, and the Finale, Col. 4:6-18

    Pod King Bible Study

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 10, 2025 34:24


    Send us a textIn this study, we talk about Paul's beautiful wording of speech with grace, and seasoned with salt. We spend some time on this, and then we move through the remainder of the book as Paul works to a close. He mentions a lot of people, while speaking of some specific things in between. This is the Grand Finale of this wonderful book study, and it is just as amazing as the rest of the book has been. In our Q&A segment, we were asked a really good question: Why did God have Elijah prophesy, and then sent a drought for 3.5 years? Was this so the drought would cause the people to seek the Lord?As we move into our next study, which will be a topical study, we will not be having a question at the end of our episodes, but when we return to the book studies, the questions will as well.You certainly don't want to miss this stirring episode! 

    Meal Prep Monday  Podcast™
    Salt, Take 2 l EP#261

    Meal Prep Monday Podcast™

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 10, 2025 12:13


    In episode 261, Prep Dish founder Allison Schaaf does a deep dive on all things salt, including the best timing to salt various proteins, vegetables, beans and more! Allison originally talked about salt back in episode #168. Want 2 weeks of FREE Prep Dish meal plans, including our Super Fast meal plans? Go to → PrepDish.com/MPM Join us on social media- Prep Dish Meal Planning (Gluten Free, Paleo & Keto) | Facebook Instagram (@prepdish) Get 14 days of FREE Prep Dish meal plans → PrepDish.com/MPM

    #NEZNATION LIVE: Personal Branding 101

    President Donald Trump has presented a comprehensive tax plan to Congressional leaders, emphasizing benefits for the middle class. Key proposals include no taxes on tips, seniors' social security, and overtime pay, alongside the renewal of the 2017 Trump Tax Cuts. Additional measures involve adjusting the SALT cap and ending tax advantages for billionaire sports team owners. The plan is described as aiming to be the largest tax cut in history for middle-class working Americans.▶Sign up to our Free Newsletter, so you never miss out: https://bio.site/professornez▶Original, Made in the USA Neznation Patriot Merch: https://professornez.myspreadshop.com/all

    Bookey App 30 mins Book Summaries Knowledge Notes and More
    Salt & Time: A Culinary Journey Through Culture

    Bookey App 30 mins Book Summaries Knowledge Notes and More

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 8, 2025 14:26


    Chapter 1 What's Salt & Time by Alissa Timoshkina"Salt & Time" by Alissa Timoshkina is a vibrant culinary exploration that combines personal memoir with traditional Russian recipes, reflecting the author's journey from Siberia to the UK. The book delights in the rich tapestry of Russian cuisine, emphasizing the importance of salt and time in both cooking and life. Timoshkina shares her childhood memories and cultural heritage, illustrating how food acts as a connector across generations. Each recipe is intertwined with stories, showcasing ingredients that evoke nostalgia and home. The narrative celebrates the beauty of seasonal cooking, highlighting dishes that resonate with love, family, and the essence of sharing meals. Overall, "Salt & Time" serves not just as a cookbook, but as a heartfelt tribute to the flavors and rituals that shape our identities through food.Chapter 2 Salt & Time by Alissa Timoshkina Summary"Salt & Time" by Alissa Timoshkina is a culinary memoir that blends personal narrative with recipes, reflecting on the author's experiences growing up in Russia and her journey as an immigrant in the UK. The book is structured around seasonal dishes and highlights the significance of food in shaping cultural identity and memories.Key themes in the book include:Cultural Heritage: Timoshkina discusses her Russian heritage, the history of traditional Russian cuisine, and its connection to her childhood. She shares stories of family gatherings, celebrations, and the communal experience of cooking and sharing meals.Immigration and Adaptation: The author explores the challenges and triumphs of adapting to a new culture, including the ways in which food bridges the gap between her past and present. She describes how she has integrated elements of her Russian culinary background with aspects of her life in the UK.Seasonality and Nature: Each chapter corresponds with the seasons, emphasizing the importance of seasonal ingredients and local produce. Timoshkina advocates for sustainable cooking practices and reconnecting with nature through food.Personal Growth and Reflection: The author uses cooking as a metaphor for personal growth, illustrating how her experiences have shaped her identity. The recipes often serve as a catalyst for reminiscing about her life journey.Overall, "Salt & Time" is not just a cookbook; it's a heartfelt exploration of how food connects us to our roots, our families, and each other. Timoshkina's writing is infused with nostalgia and appreciation for the simplicity and beauty of cooking, making it an engaging read for food lovers and those interested in the intersections of culture and identity.Chapter 3 Salt & Time AuthorAlissa Timoshkina is a writer, food stylist, and food photographer known for her innovative approach to cooking and storytelling through food. She is particularly recognized for her book "Salt & Time: Recipes from a Russian Kitchen," which was published in August 2020. This cookbook uniquely merges personal narratives, Russian culinary traditions, and modern cooking techniques.In addition to "Salt & Time," Alissa Timoshkina has contributed to various publications and has a following for her food-related content online. While she may have other works in progress or contributing pieces in anthologies and food magazines, as of now, "Salt & Time" stands out as her most prominent and celebrated publication.In terms of editions, the original edition of "Salt & Time" has been praised for its stunning photography and engaging storytelling, which captures the essence of both the recipes and the Russian culinary heritage. Many readers appreciate the hardcover format for its quality and presentation, making it a desirable edition for both cooking enthusiasts and those interested in cultural explorations through food.Chapter 4...

    Watchdog on Wall Street
    Balanced Budget??

    Watchdog on Wall Street

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 8, 2025 3:04


    Chris breaks down Trump's latest fiscal proposals following his balanced budget tweet, detailing his push for no taxes on tips, no taxes on Social Security recipients, and the elimination of special loopholes like carried interest for sports team owners. He also takes a hard look at the controversial SALT deduction cap—which hit hard in high-tax states like New York, Illinois, and California—and questions whether the Freedom Caucus can overcome left-wing resistance to implement these changes. www.watchdogonwallstreet.com

    Mountain & Prairie Podcast
    Betsy Gaines Quammen Returns - Myths, Curiosity, and Human Connection (Live at the Old Salt Festival)

    Mountain & Prairie Podcast

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 7, 2025 55:44


    Betsy Gaines Quammen is a Montana-based historian and writer whose work explores the history and myths of the American West and how those stories have endured and shaped life in the region today. Betsy joined me on the podcast several years ago to discuss her amazing book, American Zion: Cliven Bundy, God, and Public Lands in the West, and since then, she's published another must-read: True West: Myth and Mending on the Far Side of America. In True West, Betsy meets face-to-face with a wide range of folks here in the West– from militia members to hardcore environmentalists– and seeks to understand why they believe what they do. Combining these conversations with her deep understanding of history, Betsy is able to demonstrate the fascinating complexity and contradictions that define many of the people and issues in today's West. We recorded this conversation on stage at the 2024 Old Salt Festival, where Betsy was nice enough to join us for the three-day festival of music, food, and conversation. As you'll hear me say in the episode, Betsy and her work have played a huge role in my never-ending quest to try and understand this region, and I consider her to be a great friend and mentor. But even if you don't have any interest in the West's history or modern-day conflicts, there are big lessons to be learned from Betsy's approach to her work. She is committed to finding the humanity in everyone– even people she completely disagrees with. Rather than attack them and their ideas, she approaches them with genuine curiosity, really trying to understand what they believe and why. And even when no common ideological ground can be found, there is still mutual respect. And I think most people will agree that we need more of these types of respectful interactions these days. In this conversation, we talk a bit about Betsy's background and why she is so fascinated with understanding myths and the West. We talk about her commitment to having deep conversations with people across political and socio-economic spectrums, and she describes one of the unlikely friendships she built with a man whose views on politics, public lands, and the environment could not be further from her own. We discuss the importance of getting off the internet and having face-to-face conversations, how real estate development is changing the ecology and economics of the West, her thoughts on the future, and more. We also took questions from the audience, which was a lot of fun. Again, I can't thank Betsy enough for joining me onstage for this conversation, but more importantly, for the wisdom she has shared with me over the years. If you haven't read True West, I encourage you to pick up a copy as soon as you can, and I'd also encourage you to listen to our first conversation, where Betsy talks a lot about her life and career journey. And tickets for the 2025 Old Salt Festival are on sale now, so if you'd like to experience conversations like this in person– plus music, food, Western makers, and more– follow the link in the episode notes to grab your tickets. --- Betsy Gaines Quammen True West: Myth and Mending on the Far Side of America American Zion: Cliven Bundy, God, and Public Lands in the West Old Salt Festival Betsy's first M&P appearance Sign up for Ed's Good News from the American West Full episode notes and links: https://mountainandprairie.com/betsy-gaines-quammen-2/ --- TOPICS DISCUSSED: 4:15 - Introducing Betsy at Old Salt 7:45 - Why the West? 10:15 - Discussing myths 14:15 - Betsy talks across the aisle 17:30 - Betsy's relationship with Lance 19:45 - Lance's email 23:15 - Creating conversations outside the internet 26:00 - Real estate development in the West 30:00 - Covid as a catalyst 34:30 - Predicting the future 35:45 - Q&A 39:15 - Should we trust the government? 41:30 - Lance's takeaways 43:30 - A ‘real' Montanan 49:45 - Our energy future 53:00 - Parting thoughts --- ABOUT MOUNTAIN & PRAIRIE: Mountain & Prairie - All Episodes Mountain & Prairie Shop Mountain & Prairie on Instagram Upcoming Events About Ed Roberson Support Mountain & Prairie Leave a Review on Apple Podcasts  

    The White Witch Podcast
    The Cottage Witch - Frog & Willow

    The White Witch Podcast

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 7, 2025 44:57


    Hello Witches This weeks episode was supposed to be an interview with a wonderful witchy author however we had some huge sound issues and as a result the interview was unlistenable. In its place, until we can re-record I have put together a look at the willow tree and the frog, their associations to witchcraft and lore. Our book review is House of Salt & Sorrows by Erin A Craig For my book club The Literary Witches Coven and extra witchy content find my witchy Patreon here   - The Witches Institute | creating Podcast episodes, Online Workshops, Grimoire Sheets | Patreon  The book we are reading for The Literary Witches Coven in February and March is Morgan is my Name - Sophie Keetch. My website - The White Witch Podcast  Find my witchy zines here - https://www.etsy.com/shop/TheWhiteWitchCompany The White Witch's Book of Healing: The White Witch's Book of Healing: Weaving Magickal Rituals throughout your Craft for Sacred Healing and Reclamation of the Wild Witch Within: Amazon.co.uk: Rose, Carly: 9781914447266: Books  Lots of witchy love - Carly xx  

    The Lutheran Ladies' Lounge from KFUO Radio
    #280. Iron Ladle Challenge: Super Bowl Snacks!

    The Lutheran Ladies' Lounge from KFUO Radio

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 7, 2025 43:29


    "Personal foul: lack of exciting Super Bowl snacks, on the party host. Fifteen-yard penalty. Repeat snack production." Don't want this party foul scenario to happen to you? Sarah, Erin, and Rachel are on your team, and they've got your back! In this week's Iron Ladle Challenge, they're offering a range of fun and tasty snacks that go way beyond pizza rolls and potato chips. From Rachel's keto-friendly shrimp salad and no-rice sushi to Sarah's Sweet Potato Chicken Poppers to Erin's savory “Cheeseburger Dip ‘All the Way',” these ideas will help you take your game day buffet to the next level.   From Erin: Cheeseburger Dip “All The Way” 6 slices of bacon 1 small-medium onion, chopped fairly small 2 cloves garlic, minced .5 lb ground beef Salt and Pepper 16 oz sharp cheddar cheese, shredded 8 oz cream cheese/Neufchatel, softened Equivalent of 2 medium dill pickles, chopped Good blop of mustard Healthy squirt of ketchup Cook the bacon until crispy. Drain on paper towels and then chop. Remove most of the bacon grease and reserve for another use. Return the pan to heat and sauté the onion. Once it is starting to turn golden brown, add the garlic and sauté for a couple more minutes. Transfer the onion mixture to a bowl, along with the chopped bacon. Return the pan to heat and brown the ground beef, breaking it up well. Season it with salt and pepper. Once it is browned (not just cooked, you want some of that good Maillard browning!!!!!), transfer to the bowl with the onions. If your beef is very fatty, you can drain some of that off first. Add the cheddar cheese and cream cheese. Stir to combine. Heat this mixture, stirring frequently- either on the stove top, in the microwave, or in a crockpot. As the cheese melts, mix in the pickles, mustard and ketchup. Taste it. What does it need more of? Add that. Serve with tortilla chips. Note: you could sub ground turkey for the ground beef. If you do that, you should use more of the reserved bacon grease. Additional Recipes from Erin: Sardine Rillettes - Little French Bakery Anchovy Butter - The Two Bananas From Sarah: Sweet Potato Chicken Poppers - Unbound Wellness Maple Roasted Almonds - From It's A Veg World After All From Rachel: Keto Shrimp Salad Bites - Healthy Little Peach  No-Rice Low-Carb Sushi  Thinly spread a one-inch strip of cream cheese on a sheet of nori.  Add toppings to taste (preferably cut longwise):  Leg-style imitation crab meet  Avocado  Cucumber spears  Green onions  Shrimp salad (see recipe above)  Get creative!  Carefully roll the toppings in the nori, using another dab or two of cream cheese to seal the edge if needed. Let sit for a few minutes for the nori to soften. Cut into generous (two-inch or so) slices — too thin and they'll fall apart. Serve with soy sauce and wasabi.   Connect with the Lutheran Ladies on social media in The Lutheran Ladies' Lounge Facebook discussion group (facebook.com/groups/LutheranLadiesLounge) and on Instagram @lutheranladieslounge. Follow Sarah (@hymnnerd), Rachel (@rachbomberger), and Erin (@erinaltered) on Instagram! Sign up for the Lutheran Ladies' Lounge monthly e-newsletter here, and email the Ladies at lutheranladies@kfuo.org.

    Kramer & Jess On Demand Podcast
    TOP 3: Baltimore Salt Boxes Get Their Own Exhibit, Girl Scout Cookie Season Has Arrived, and America's All Time Favorite Movie Revealed!

    Kramer & Jess On Demand Podcast

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 7, 2025 4:05


    TOP 3: Baltimore Salt Boxes Get Their Own Exhibit, Girl Scout Cookie Season Has Arrived, and America's All Time Favorite Movie Revealed! full 245 Fri, 07 Feb 2025 15:18:27 +0000 kH5DRIDeQiR9Rwq72Zy9ZOp4Vle0l5PP music,society & culture,news Kramer & Jess On Demand Podcast music,society & culture,news TOP 3: Baltimore Salt Boxes Get Their Own Exhibit, Girl Scout Cookie Season Has Arrived, and America's All Time Favorite Movie Revealed! Highlights from the Kramer & Jess Show. 2024 © 2021 Audacy, Inc. Music Society & Culture News

    Leeds United - Inside Elland Road

    Frank doesn't want to talk about it, but we do. Leeds win at Coventry, clip the Bluebirds' wings, finish the transfer window with no additions - but did they really need any? Broadcasters hang your heads in shame, the path of least resistance and a pleasant game of Farke bingo. Listen, share and subscribe now.

    Utah Utes Interviews
    Bill Riley on the Runnin Utes, 2 game road trip starting tomorrow, His Chiefs going for a 3 peat Sunday in the Super Bowl + more

    Utah Utes Interviews

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 7, 2025 16:23


    The Voice of the Utes on the Runnin Utes beginning a 2 game road trip tomorrow, The Chiefs playing for history against the Eagles Sunday in Super Bowl LIX + more

    The Salt Company - St. Paul
    Salt Saint Paul Finale - Faith On Fire

    The Salt Company - St. Paul

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 7, 2025


    Tony Lee teaches on Daniel 3 at the last Salt Company Saint Paul.

    Stryker & Klein
    7am- Messing with Fans, Ally's Salt Room and MORE

    Stryker & Klein

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 6, 2025 31:22


    7am- Messing with Fans, Ally's Salt Room and MORE full 1882 Thu, 06 Feb 2025 17:02:42 +0000 GqgwOWSx7Qp6Jv5BUb7MXcmFmMUfKBm3 society & culture Klein/Ally Show: The Podcast society & culture 7am- Messing with Fans, Ally's Salt Room and MORE Klein.Ally.Show on KROQ is more than just a "dynamic, irreverent morning radio show that mixes humor, pop culture, and unpredictable conversation with a heavy dose of realness." (but thanks for that quote anyway). Hosted by Klein, Ally, and a cast of weirdos (both on the team and from their audience), the show is known for its raw, offbeat style, offering a mix of sarcastic banter, candid interviews, and an unfiltered take on everything from culture to the chaos of everyday life. With a loyal, engaged fanbase and an addiction for pushing boundaries, the show delivers the perfect blend of humor and insight, all while keeping things fun, fresh, and sometimes a little bit illegal. 2024 © 2021 Audacy, Inc. Society & Culture False https://player.amperwavepodcasting.com?feed

    Stryker & Klein
    CLIP- Ally's Salt Room

    Stryker & Klein

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 6, 2025 6:16


    CLIP- Ally's Salt Room full 376 Thu, 06 Feb 2025 17:01:45 +0000 sW8GKf9jLiOec8jqTsdUn8xLcFZkUvwU society & culture Klein/Ally Show: The Podcast society & culture CLIP- Ally's Salt Room Klein.Ally.Show on KROQ is more than just a "dynamic, irreverent morning radio show that mixes humor, pop culture, and unpredictable conversation with a heavy dose of realness." (but thanks for that quote anyway). Hosted by Klein, Ally, and a cast of weirdos (both on the team and from their audience), the show is known for its raw, offbeat style, offering a mix of sarcastic banter, candid interviews, and an unfiltered take on everything from culture to the chaos of everyday life. With a loyal, engaged fanbase and an addiction for pushing boundaries, the show delivers the perfect blend of humor and insight, all while keeping things fun, fresh, and sometimes a little bit illegal. 2024 © 2021 Audacy, Inc. Society & Culture False https://player.amperwavepodcasting.com?feed-link=https%3A%2F%2Frss.amp

    Millennial Mustard Seed
    S6 205. Dr. Laura Sanger - A.I, Stargates & Portals

    Millennial Mustard Seed

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 6, 2025 10:03


    ⁠⁠https://creators.spotify.com/pod/show/rodney-jay/subscribe⁠⁠⁠⁠ Join the Millennial Mustard Seed host, Rod Smith, for a -thought provoking voyage into the unusual, unexplained and unexplored facets of the world we live! Armed with a seeker's humility and a Biblical lens Millennial Mustard Seed never fails to inspire, provoke and intrigue listeners to deepen their faith.

    MY Devotional: Daily Encouragement from Leading The Way
    The Value of Salt: February 6, 2025

    MY Devotional: Daily Encouragement from Leading The Way

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 6, 2025 3:34


    In today's devotional, Dr. Michael Youssef discusses why Jesus equated His followers with salt. If you would like more insight into today's devotional topic, listen to Dr. Michael Youssef's sermon Appropriating the Happiness That Is in You, Part 1: LISTEN NOWPRE-ORDER NOW FOR YOUR GIFT OF ANY AMOUNTOne out of every seven Christians around the globe suffers intense persecution. As hatred toward followers of Jesus increases, we will be forced to either take a stand for Christ or retreat into cowardice. We will be forced to either proclaim our love for Jesus or deny our Lord. That's why Dr. Michael Youssef has written his newest book God's Final Call. In this timely teaching from Revelation 2-3, Dr. Youssef leads you through important warnings and uplifting encouragements from Christ Himself delivered in His seven letters to the seven churches of Revelation—words just as relevant today as they were to the first century church. Jesus' letters teach His followers how to live victoriously in times of peril and hostile opposition, so may we heed them closely as the world grows darker and more evil. Request your copy today for your gift of any amount!*Offer valid in US, UK, and Canada through April 5, 2025.

    Sustainable Winegrowing with Vineyard Team
    262: A Vineyard Research Site to Study Soil Health

    Sustainable Winegrowing with Vineyard Team

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 6, 2025 43:56


    Winegrowing regions in Washington State have many unique challenges from salty soils, to low organic matter, to nematodes. Devin Rippner, Research Viticulture Soil Scientist with USDA-ARS and his colleagues at Washington State University are developing a research vineyard to study soil health building practices. They are testing a variety of management strategies including adjusting irrigation volume to correct for salt build-up, mowing for weed management, compost applications and synthetic fertilizers, and different cover crops. The team is tracking the cost of each practice and will ultimately evaluate wine quality in the coming years. Taking a deeper dive into the future of soil sampling, Devin explains X-ray CT imagery. He has used this technology to evaluate the structure and organic matter from soil columns and aggregates. X-ray CT imagery has also been used to evaluate the impact grape seeds have on tannin flavor profiles. Resources:         80: (Rebroadcast) The Goldilocks Principle & Powdery Mildew Management 90: Nematode Management for Washington Grapes A workflow for segmenting soil and plant X-ray CT images with deep learning in Google's Colaboratory Devin Rippner, USDA ARS Functional Soil Health Healthy Soils Playlist Red Wine Fermentation Alters Grape Seed Morphology and Internal Porosity Soil Health in Washington Vineyards Vineyard soil texture and pH effects on Meloidogyne hapla and Mesocriconema xenoplax Washington Soil Health Initiative Vineyard Team Programs: Juan Nevarez Memorial Scholarship - Donate SIP Certified – Show your care for the people and planet   Sustainable Ag Expo – The premiere winegrowing event of the year Vineyard Team – Become a Member Get More Subscribe wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.   Transcript [00:00:00] Beth Vukmanic: Wine growing regions in Washington State have many unique challenges from salty soils to low organic matter to nematodes. [00:00:13] Welcome to Sustainable Wine Growing with the Vineyard Team, where we bring you the latest in science and research for the wine industry. I'm Beth Vukmanic, Executive Director. [00:00:23] In today's podcast, Craig McMillan, Critical Resource Manager at Niner Wine Estates, with longtime SIP certified vineyard and the first ever SIP certified winery, speaks with Devin Rippner, Research Viticulture Soil Scientist with USDA ARS. [00:00:41] Devin and his colleagues at Washington State University are developing a research vineyard to study soil health building practices. [00:00:49] They are testing a variety of management strategies, including adjusting irrigation volume to correct for salt buildup, mowing for weed management, Compost applications and synthetic fertilizers and different cover crops. The team is tracking the cost of each practice and will ultimately evaluate wine quality in the coming years. [00:01:08] Taking a deeper dive into the future of soil sampling. Devin explains X ray CT imagery. He has used this technology to evaluate the structure in organic matter from soil columns and soil aggregates. X ray CT imagery has also been used to evaluate the impact that grape seeds have on tannin flavor profiles. [00:01:28] Now let's listen in. [00:01:29] Craig Macmillan: Our guest today is Devin Rippner. He is a research soil scientist with the USDA agricultural research service. He's based out of Prosser, Washington, and he's also an adjunct in the department of crop and soil sciences with Washington state university. [00:01:46] Devin, thanks for being here. [00:01:48] Devin Rippner: Absolutely. Pleasure to be here, Craig. [00:01:50] Craig Macmillan: You are on the leadership team of the Washington State Soil Health Initiative. I think it's a pretty cool little program. Tell us what it is and what it's all about. [00:01:59] Devin Rippner: Yeah, absolutely. So the Washington State Legislature allocated funding to study soil health and soil health building practices in a variety of agricultural systems and so to access that money a number of groups put in competitive proposals at the Prosser Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, we put in a proposal to study soil health in wine grape systems. [00:02:24] Originally, we actually had it in juice grapes as well, but we were not able to get enough funding for both. Juice grapes are actually a big product out of Washington. [00:02:32] Craig Macmillan: I did not know that. That's interesting. What varieties? [00:02:34] Devin Rippner: Mostly Concord? [00:02:36] I'm less familiar with it. It's something I would, I would like to work in cause they have different constraints than wine grapes. [00:02:41] Ours is focused on wine grapes, but there are systems looking at tree fruit, at potatoes, at small crane cropping systems. There are a variety of systems that are being evaluated. [00:02:54] Craig Macmillan: I looked at a flyer that kind of outlined some of the ideas and issues around , the Wine Grape part. Can you tell us a little bit about that? [00:03:01] Devin Rippner: we have fairly unique soils. We have pretty alkaline soils here in Washington. We're on the arid side of the Cascades. So think Reno rather than like Seattle. we tend to accumulate salts. We also have very coarse textured soils. So a lot of sands to sandy loams or loamy sands. Very little clay. [00:03:23] We have typically under 10 percent clay in a lot of the grape growing regions of washington. we also have low organic matter, because it doesn't rain much here. There has never been a chance for a lot of plants to grow. And so we just have never really built up organic matter. So we typically have about, let's say, maybe 1 percent to 2 percent organic matter in our soils. [00:03:44] That's about half a percent carbon to 1 percent carbon, which is typically it's pretty low for a lot of soils. [00:03:50] Craig Macmillan: It is. [00:03:51] Devin Rippner: those are some of, some of the like unique challenges around soil health. There's also problems with pests. Haven't had too much of an issue with Phylloxera. That's changing. [00:04:01] There are a variety of nematode pests that cause problems in grapes here. When you plant a vineyard into an old vineyard, you're basically putting baby vines into a place that might have a bunch of pests that aren't a big deal for really mature vines. [00:04:14] But as soon as you put a baby in that environment, it does not thrive. [00:04:18] Finding ways to deal with nematode pests, things like that over time , is really important. So those are kind of the things that we are, we are looking at, at our site. [00:04:27] Craig Macmillan: What kind of practices are you investigating to address these things? I hadn't really thought of that about it till now, but nematode is a good one. that's a tough pest. [00:04:37] Devin Rippner: funny thing is this is a long term site, right? So, so our practices for those will really come later. I had a nematologist that worked for me. And she evaluated our soils for for the pathogenic nematodes for wine grapes, and we don't really have them but the thing is they build over time, right? [00:04:52] Just because there might be a few in that soil But when they start colonizing the grape roots over time, they can become problematic We functionally have a rootstock trial at the end of all of our experimental rows and, and rootstocks have been found to be very effective at preventing nematode problems or decreasing the severity of nematode problems. [00:05:13] We will be able to kind of look at that with our rootstock trial. [00:05:17] Craig Macmillan: Do you have any of the GRN stocks in that? [00:05:19] Devin Rippner: We don't, so we have own rooted vines and then we have Telekey 5c 1103p 110r. Let's see then I think St. George [00:05:30] I'm trying to remember what, what the last one is. It's escaping me right now. I apologize. [00:05:34] Craig Macmillan: Well, no, it's all right. Some of the more common root stocks, basically the ones that are very popular. [00:05:39] Devin Rippner: Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. [00:05:41] The reality is that a lot of the like vitis rupestris, vitis riparia, , they are less prone to nematode parasitism. Than Vinifera. , that's the reality of it. [00:05:50] Craig Macmillan: Yeah. Less susceptible. I think it's probably the best way to put it. Nothing's bulletproof when it comes to this, this problem. [00:05:57] Devin Rippner: And Michelle Moyer in Washington has been doing a lot of work with this, with Inga Zasada, who's a USDA scientist. And their, their results are really cool. They're finding that when you try to fumigate, it helps for a little while, but the rebound is bad, and it's just easier to just use rootstocks. [00:06:15] Craig Macmillan: Yeah. Talk to me a little bit more about, you said salinity can be an issue [00:06:19] Devin Rippner: Yeah, [00:06:20] Craig Macmillan: So here's the, the back and forth on that. You would think that a, a coser, your textured soil salinity would be less of an issue, but you don't get the rain to take advantage of that. Is that , the issue here? [00:06:30] Devin Rippner: 100%. That's exactly it. We build up layers called caliche layers, which are evidence of a lack of water moving downward. [00:06:38] So it's, it's really evidence of water moving down and then back up due to evaporation. We get big buildups of carbonates in our soils and carbonates are a type of salt. [00:06:48] So as you apply other chemicals, Salts, a salty irrigation water , we tend to build up salts in our soils. A lot of our irrigation water comes from the Yakima River or other rivers in the area, columbia River. But there are places where people are on deeper wells and they are seeing salt accumulation in their vineyards. [00:07:06] And it's, it's really challenging to deal with. [00:07:09] Craig Macmillan: Do you have any strategies that you're looking at? Anything you're trying out? [00:07:13] Devin Rippner: at our site over time, we're going to look at higher irrigation volumes versus lower irrigation volumes and seeing if that will change the accumulation of salt at our site. , that's kind of the main experiment around that with our soil health vineyard. [00:07:27] Craig Macmillan: Obviously you're doing this with some pretty salty irrigation water and you're comparing that to less salty water. At one site, you're only gonna have one type of water, right? [00:07:36] Devin Rippner: Right. That's not something that we'll be able to do, but one of the interesting things is we are applying compost and. Our compost can be pretty salty. [00:07:45] So we'll, we'll be getting compost. That'll be kind of four decisiemen per meter. I I'm sorry to use those units and so that, so that is salty. [00:07:54] Craig Macmillan: Yeah, it's salty. [00:07:55] Devin Rippner: Young grapevines, if they grew only in that, they would really struggle. It's over the, the two deciSiemen per meter kind of threshold for grapevines. That's something where we're, you know, we are using clean irrigation water, but some of our amendments coming in can be saltier. [00:08:10] When we have kind of a, a low and high irrigation treatment, we can evaluate the salt accumulation in the root zone. From that particular amendment, right? [00:08:19] Craig Macmillan: What about other types of fertilizer? Are there organic fertilizers or something like that that might be less of a salt contributor than let's say a traditional nitrate based fertilizer? [00:08:28] Devin Rippner: As it turns out, at least for us, we don't apply. a massive amount of nitrogen to our grapevines, so we're often applying between 20 and say 60 pounds of N per year which is not a lot compared to say corn or, tree fruit or, or hops or things like that. [00:08:45] And so we, we don't, Exactly. Expect to see a buildup of, of those salts over time. Honestly, some of the organic amendments end up being saltier than our fertilizer. [00:08:55] That's something when we do a high and low for irrigation, we will be able to look at the accumulation of, of nitrates and things like that. [00:09:02] Cause in our arid environment, you do get accumulations of nitrate, which is kind of funny. [00:09:06] Craig Macmillan: Yeah, that's interesting. You also mentioned the soil pH, alkalinity. What, what's going on there? How bad is it in different spots? What can you do about it? I, I'm fascinated by this because like when you look at viticulture, you have like a lot of knobs on the mixing board, right? You got a lot of sliders and, Soil , you can't slide it very well. It's like very hard to make changes to soil over time. [00:09:33] Devin Rippner: it is. [00:09:33] Craig Macmillan: very slow and very difficult. So I'm very interested in , this issue here. [00:09:39] Devin Rippner: It's funny at our site, the soil pH isn't too bad. It's about 8. Across the board, from the, from the top that so, so we've been measuring from the top of the soil down to about 90 centimeters. About three feet. We do see a pH tick up in our sub soil, but still it's, it's around the eights. [00:09:56] We actually have a lot of carbonates in our soil. There's only more organic carbon in the top six inches of our soil. And from that point on, most of our carbon is in the form of carbonates. [00:10:06] Which is kind of unique. And so once you get down to like 60 to 90 centimeters, so two to three feet in the soil, functionally, 90 percent of the soil carbon is carbon from carbonate. [00:10:16] So dealing with that in the region there's wide variation, so people that are planting into old wheat ground where they've used a lot of ammonium based fertilizers or urea, the pH can be in the fives. And then I, I mean, I've measured soil pH is up to about 9. 8 around here. So, so quite high. [00:10:35] Those soils are hard to deal with. So these are carbonate buffered systems. So to try to lower the pH, you basically have to get rid of all the carbonates. And that is not really feasible. We do see in some of the vineyards that we work in. And again, a lot of this data is preliminary. [00:10:51] I'm trying to get stuff out right now. Getting the vineyard set up has been a massive undertaking. And I've been lucky to work with a great team to, to get it done, but it has taken a lot of my time. [00:11:01] Um, but we, we do see seasonal fluctuations with irrigation. So soils might start off with a pH around eight drop over the course of the growing season into the sixes and then as they dry down for winter time. So we cut irrigation. The pH will start to rise back up as the carbonates move from the subsoil to the surface. [00:11:21] Craig Macmillan: Interesting. Interesting. Let's talk about your vineyard. If I understand correctly, you have a research vineyard there in Prosser that you are building from scratch or have built from scratch. Is that true? [00:11:30] Devin Rippner: Yes. . It is a new vineyard to study soil health building practices. We just finished our second season. And we were very lucky. Vina Matos which is a company out of Portugal. They mechanically planted it for us. [00:11:45] Scientist, so it's, it was, yeah, it was a bit of an undertaking. Even now I've gotten a lot better on a tractor than I was. And, you know, I like to run, like, I'd like to do x ray stuff. And then I'm out there on a tractor, like, yeah, doing stuff. It's a unique challenge. [00:11:59] So we do have a vineyard manager Dr. Liz Gillespie is the vineyard manager. , she honestly does most of the tracker work. I only sub in when she's down with an illness or something like that. [00:12:09] It's been a team effort for the last couple of years. [00:12:12] Craig Macmillan: What are you doing in there? You've talked about a couple of topics, but, and how big is this, this vineyard? [00:12:17] Devin Rippner: It's not that big. It's about 4. 1 acres. , [00:12:20] Craig Macmillan: that's, you know, for research, that's good. [00:12:22] Devin Rippner: yeah, yeah, it is good. We functionally have a business as usual. So we call it our Washington 2021 standard. So it's kind of what growers just do. So that's spraying undervined for weed control and then just let resident vegetation pop up where it may and mow it down. [00:12:39] Most people don't spray or till , their tractor rows. They just. Kind of let it go. We don't get that much rain. You end up selecting for annual grasses it's actually a pretty good weed composition for a tractor row. So then we start building from there. [00:12:52] One of our treatments is what if you just mowed everywhere, right? The goal is to select for annual grasses everywhere over time. [00:12:59] And then we have another treatment where we're mowing everywhere. But we're applying compost for fertilization. Our other treatments get synthetic fertilizers for fertilization, and then we have our compost treatment where we're mowing. [00:13:12] Then we have an undervined cover crop, so that's like our cover crop treatment. [00:13:16] We're curious about undervine legume cover crops. So we have a short subterranean clover that , we've seated in to hopefully eventually start adding nitrogen to the system and, and hopefully we'll be able to back off on more of the synthetic fertilizers over time in that system, but we'll let the vines guide us, right? [00:13:35] Craig Macmillan: What species of clover is that? [00:13:37] Devin Rippner: I'm not sure the exact, so it would be like Dalkey. [00:13:39] it's a clover that basically has low flowers and shoots seed downward. And so , that allows it to replant itself really effectively. [00:13:47] The flowers tend to be below the foliage. So we won't have to worry about mowing them down too badly. , they stay low. And so that's why we selected that. just to try to keep the flowers low and keep foliage away from our vines. [00:14:01] Craig Macmillan: Anything else? [00:14:03] Devin Rippner: Yeah, so then we have our aspirational treatment, which is kind of a mix of the subterranean clover cover crop. And then we have compost fertilization and then kind of breaking the full factorial. We're actually changing what's in , , the tractor row. We're planting an intermediate wheatgrass. [00:14:20] We started with crusted wheatgrass. It's so funny with these experiments. , we seeded in crusted wheatgrass a couple of times and just did not take it's not very effective for competing against other weeds, and it's not very good with traffic. And so now , we're seeding in intermediate wheatgrass. [00:14:35] , it is more traffic tolerant and is more weed tolerant. So we're hoping that we'll be able to outcompete all the other annual grasses and just have kind of a perennial grass cover crop. [00:14:46] Craig Macmillan: Is it on these courses? So is this camp is compaction less of a problem? I would think. [00:14:53] Devin Rippner: We do have some compaction. That we've seen out there. Certainly mechanical planting can cause some extra compaction. It, it takes a lot of force to, you know, rip a giant hole in the ground to drop the vines into. And so we do see some compaction from that. [00:15:06] We have taken bulk density cores from all over the vineyard. And we're hoping to see changes over time in that compaction. So we've done bulk density course from under vine and then in the tractor row. And so we're hoping that over time, these various practices will alter the bulk density, hopefully lower the bulk density in the tractor row. [00:15:27] Craig Macmillan: And then I'm assuming that you're also keeping track of costs for these things. [00:15:32] Devin Rippner: yes, we have been keeping track of costs. We are keeping track of the hourly labor , for mowing. Honestly, we've, we've purchased some undervine mowers and , we have really struggled to find a good solution for our young vines. [00:15:45] We're going to, Purchase another one soon. The biggest thing is that if you have a swing arm on it, it's got to be gentle enough that it, it'll push out of the way , with a bamboo stake in the ground. [00:15:55] And a lot of the existing swing arm mowers for orchards and vineyards it takes a lot of force to move that swing arm. [00:16:03] It's been a real challenge for us. So, so we ended up having people go out with weed eaters, which is super expensive and is actually something that some vineyards do either biodynamic vineyards in the area that they'll send people out with weed eaters to go control the weeds under vine. [00:16:17] I don't want this to be just like a hyper specialized science experiment. If we're sending people out with weed eaters, it sounds a little bit ridiculous, but there are folks in the industry that do it. So it's not. It's not that ridiculous. [00:16:28] Craig Macmillan: It's not that ridiculous. It's legitimate. [00:16:31] Whatever tool that you can make work, depending on the size of your vineyard and depending on what your conditions are. But yeah, you're in row mode. That's going to be an issue until these vines are mature to no doubt about that. I hope you still have a vineyard after knocking down these bamboo stakes. [00:16:44] You don't have like real results yet. You've only just gotten started. [00:16:47] Devin Rippner: We've only just gotten started you know, some of the results that we got were prior to our planting, there were no differences among our treatment blocks for our treatments across the site. So that's nice kind of starting at a, a pretty even baseline. [00:17:03] We're going to track the changes over time. Honestly. I hate to speculate, we don't have the data for it yet, but we've been applying, our synthetic fertilizers based on our like compost mineralization rate. And one of the things that's pretty obvious when you walk out there is that weed competition is brutal for young vines. [00:17:23] So where we're spraying with herbicide under the vines, there's less weed competition. Those vines are just bigger., [00:17:28] we're going to up the amount of fertilizer that we apply next year to try to, like, get around that. And it's one of the challenges at our site is that for long term research, we have to manage our vineyard in a way that kind of limits how many comparisons that we can make. Functionally, two out of our three rows are buffers. It just eats up an enormous amount of space and I'm, I'm hesitant to start putting other treatments into those areas. Like, oh, what if we vary the fertilizer rate to see what the effect is with relation to mowing, right? [00:18:01] So can we get over the weed pressure by, Applying more fertilizer. One of my main takeaways is that a lot of the recommendations that you might get for like, for conventional management won't necessarily work if you're trying to change your system [00:18:16] That's where, you know, growers are going to have to play around and understand that if they're mowing under vine, there is going to be more weed pressure and those weeds take up nitrogen. [00:18:27] You may have to fertilize more. I mean, that, that's just a consequence of, of weed competition. [00:18:32] Craig Macmillan: yeah, yeah, yeah. That's interesting. And in irrigation water too, [00:18:37] Devin Rippner: Oh yeah. Yeah, for sure. Absolutely. They use a lot of water. There's no doubt about it. [00:18:42] Craig Macmillan: Which actually brings me back to the clover. I planted crimson clover in my yard once and I irrigated it and it was really pretty and I actually put two and a half foot, three foot high risers off of my lawn sprinklers to get a sprinkler high enough that I could keep growing it. And I was able to grow it up to about three feet tall and it was gorgeous. It was absolutely amazing. But it does make me wonder if, what's a subterranean clover? It's a low growing clover, but how much effect does irrigation have on it in terms of making it taller or taller? [00:19:13] Devin Rippner: That's a good question. I haven't looked into it that much. I consulted with some colleagues here. Who've done work with a variety of cover crops, and they were the ones that recommended the subterranean clover. It has a short stature and part of it is because of how it flowers and seeds, it can't get that tall because it's, it pushes its seeds into the ground. [00:19:32] And so there's no real benefit for it getting taller because then it will be farther away from where it needs to put its seeds. [00:19:39] That's a real concern. I mean, I've learned so much by , having a vineyard gophers, voles, rats, mice, they can be problematic. Right. And if you have a tall cover crop, that's getting into your vines, like that's an easy pathway up. [00:19:52] Keeping the, those undervine weeds and cover crops short is really important. [00:19:58] Craig Macmillan: Yeah. It's also really important for the success of your predators. [00:20:01] Your barn nows and whatnot. They can't really do much when things are tall. So keep going, keep good luck. You're in it. You're in it now, Devon, [00:20:09] Devin Rippner: Oh, yeah. No, that's what it feels like. I feel like I jumped into the deep end of a pool, but didn't realize it was so deep. And so, yeah, I'm learning. [00:20:17] Craig Macmillan: Because prior to a few years back, cause you were, you were at Davis and you were at the Oakville station. Is that right? For a little while. [00:20:24] Devin Rippner: I pulled some samples from Oakville, but no, I was mostly on main campus. I'm a soil chemist by training. Grapevines are relatively new for me. I worked for Andrew McElrone, who , does some great work a lot of my previous work did not involve grapes, and it was mainly, like, tomatoes or other annual crops, and often, like, pretty lab based stuff. [00:20:47] And so this has been a real deep dive for me to do something different. [00:20:53] Craig Macmillan: which is an excellent transition to some of your work which you did at other crops, but you also did some other interesting things related to vines and to soil. And that is x ray CT imagery. You were the first person to introduce me to this concept. I I had no idea I guess I should say X ray micro CT imagery. What, what are the exact terminology? What is it? What can it do? What can we learn? [00:21:20] Devin Rippner: Thanks for bringing this up. Let me just try to keep it simple and I'll build out from there. Just like a doctor's office where you can get an X ray you can actually X ray soils. And plants and look inside of them. X ray computed tomography is where instead of just taking one x ray, maybe you take 1000 x rays as the sample is slowly moving. And what you end up with is the ability to make a three D reconstruction of that sample. Where you're able to look inside of it. [00:21:50] Materials that absorb x rays look different than materials that don't absorb x rays. And so you're able to start Teasing apart structures that are inside of plants and soils [00:22:01] There's different levels to that. Humans have X ray computed tomography done on them, right? You can go in and have that procedure done to look inside of you. It's very much like an MRI there are some tools that it. look at very big volumes. And then there are some tools that look at very small volumes. [00:22:19] That's where there's the x ray microcomputed tomography is looking at very small volumes. And a lot of times those instruments they're low often located. With synchrotrons. So a synchrotron is a particle accelerator that moves electrons at about the speed of light. And then as they're going at the speed of light, , it bends them, it shifts the path of the electrons. [00:22:43] And in doing so , Theory of relativity says that when you have a big shift , in the direction of these electrons they must lose energy. And so they lose energy as the brightest light that we know of in the known universe. And so some of that light are x rays and those x rays are very tunable, and there's a lot of them. [00:23:03] And so we can basically focus on a really tiny area. And still have a lot of x rays. That lets us look at really small things and still have like good contrast and be able to image them relatively quickly. This field is advancing quickly. I know it sounds pretty crazy to talk about x raying soils and plants and things like that. [00:23:23] But the reality is these x rays can also be used to identify elements. And so you can do elemental speciation. So you can be like, Oh, all of the phosphorus there is as phosphate rather than some other form or it's calcium phosphate, not magnesium phosphate. That's called x ray adsorption, near edge structures. [00:23:42] That's how people do that. A long time ago, these instruments used to be unique. You do like a tomography and then you do like these Zains do elemental information, but those things are converging. Now it's possible to do like x ray CT and also do elemental analysis and speciation on the same sample. [00:24:01] in 100 years, that may be how we do our soil testing is you literally have one of these instruments on the back of a tractor. You pull a soil core. You do a quick scan and you say, here's our structure. We can also see the organic matter inside of the soil column. And then by inference from the outer edge of the soil column, we can get What elements are there and what form they're in and then make predictions on their availability. [00:24:27] Were very far from that, but that's like the vision that I have in my head is that at some point, , these will be sensors that people can just use in the field. Will they use an enormous amount of energy? Absolutely. Technology has, shifted in my lifetime and a lot of things that have seemed absurd in the past are now commonplace. [00:24:47] Craig Macmillan: What kinds of things, and it can be other crops as well, but in particular, there was one you did with, I think, grape seeds. Those are the things that can do what, what have you actually. Zapped [00:24:59] Devin Rippner: Yeah. [00:24:59] Craig Macmillan: a better word. [00:25:01] Devin Rippner: You know. [00:25:01] Craig Macmillan: mind here. Okay. So [00:25:03] Devin Rippner: Yeah. So I work with a lot of folks at different national labs. So the Pacific Northwest National Lab is a lab I work at a lot. And we've done a lot of imaging of soil cores and they're big soil cores. So three inches by 12 inch soil cores and to look at soil structure and we're working on segmenting out organic matter from them. [00:25:22] That's something that was not previously possible, but with modern neural networks and deep learning, we can actually train. Neural networks to identify specific compounds in the soil and identify them. We've done it with soil columns. I've done some work with soil aggregates. [00:25:38] So we can look at very small things as well. I've looked at grape seeds, so we had a little study where working with some folks at Davis they pulled out grape seeds, before, during and after fermentation, functionally, and we looked at how the structures of the seeds were changing. [00:25:58] The idea here is that grapeseeds provide a lot of tannins and they're not necessarily like the best tannins for wine, but they do provide a lot of tannins. [00:26:07] People have always wondered like, why do grapeseeds kind of supply a constant amount of tannins during the fermentation process? And as it turns out, it's because the structure of the seeds is changing during fermentation, [00:26:18] They start cracking. And so the internal structures become more accessible during fermentation. [00:26:23] And so that's what we were seeing using x ray tomography is these internal changes that were happening inside of the grape seeds that could potentially promote tannin extraction. [00:26:32] Craig Macmillan: That is fascinating. That explains a lot. I'm just thinking through, Tannin management. The date currently is in the beginning of November 2024. So we're just wrapping up a harvest here in the Paso Robles, central coast area. And so I've been thinking a lot about tannin management last couple of months on behalf of my friends who make wine, not myself. That's not entirely true. Is there a practical application to that in terms of like timing or conditions or things that would contribute to the, the cracking breakdown of these seeds that you identified? [00:27:05] Devin Rippner: We weren't able to go like that in depth and it's some, it's an area that I would like to build on. But the idea is that. The fermentation is a pretty harsh environment. You have a massive change in pH. Microbes are working hard. You have the production of ethanol, which allows the extraction of different compounds. [00:27:24] The seeds are seemingly being modified during fermentation. There needs to be more work done in this area in terms of seed tanning management. We now have kind of a, the more physical. Explanation for why those cannons are coming out of the seeds. [00:27:39] If you are able to pull your seeds earlier from fermentation, I mean, that's like a ridiculous thing to say, but you know, [00:27:45] Craig Macmillan: no, I mean, winemakers are very clever there's a lot of techniques that have become more prominent, I think, in the last 10, 15 years in terms of things like pressing off early, so getting your extraction fast and then finishing out the fermentation off of skins, off of seeds, you know, that's one way that you can do it really using seed maturity as a major variable in your pick decision is another one that I've seen people really draw to. [00:28:09] I remember people crunching on seeds and going, yeah, that's mature. Now I'm seeing people reject a pick date based on that. [00:28:17] Like we were going to wait for these seeds to mature fully before we pull because of, because of these issues with a seed tannin. So just knowing that I think is fascinating. [00:28:28] And if we can put some time and pH things on that, that would be really cool. Are you going to be using this technology with the with the research plot for anything? [00:28:36] Devin Rippner: Oh, yeah. Yeah. I mean, we [00:28:39] already have started that. We've already started down that route. Shortly after planting we collected soil cores from, , the vine row. And then from where the, the planter tires were functionally running just to look at changes in bulk density. So like kind of how compressed the soil is and then trying to get at changes in porosity. [00:28:58] We looked at these cores relative to , a field next door. That has had very relatively little disturbance in the past, like 4 to 10 years. It's kind of variable but has had less disturbance than say, like, right after planting a vineyard mechanically. Some of the things we see are you know, when you mechanically plant a vineyard, the bulk density , in the vine row is much lower than where the tractor tires are running that intrinsically makes sense. [00:29:26] And they're kind of both different than a place that's been no till or low disturbance for four to 10 years. Some of the things that are most interesting, and, and again, this is preliminary, it's got to go through peer review. . But when we look at the CT scans, you can actually see where worms have been moving, [00:29:45] In these, like, low till and no till plots or this field that has just not really been disturbed. [00:29:51] , so worms are actually making sizable holes in the ground, and those holes contribute to the porosity in these, like, low disturbance soils compared to these very disturbed soils. And that was a really interesting thing to visually see. You can see the worm castings in the scan. [00:30:10] I don't know if you've ever seen worm castings before, but they kind of, they're these little, like, kind of football shaped Things that are all clumped together our soils don't really aggregate. [00:30:20] We don't have enough organic matter and we don't have enough clay. And so that's like driving force behind aggregation in our soil seemingly is worm castings. For me, that was just mind blowing. [00:30:31] I was not expecting to see that. I think I was expecting to see a lot of roots or like root channels and they're there, but the worms are like following these roots and root channels around. [00:30:41] I'm a very visual person. And so when I do CT stuff, it's like, Oh, wow. Like I can see it with my eyes. If I can't see it with my eyes, it's hard for me to believe. But when I see it with my eyes, , it's believable. [00:30:52] Craig Macmillan: We've done a number of interviews recently around so the microbiome and just soil biology kind of in general, , is that gonna be part of your analysis as some of these projects go forward? [00:31:03] Devin Rippner: Yeah, absolutely. So we've done something called phospholipid fatty acid analysis. [00:31:09] So that gives us an idea of kind of, The microbial consortium that's there right when we sample phospholipids don't really stick around in soils. They're quickly degraded. We would like to do some sequencing challenges. We don't have a microbiologist on the team. And, and so we would, we would have to pay for the sequencing. [00:31:28] And even then sequencing is really interesting because, you could be like, oh, we did say 16 S-R-R-N-A sequencing. And that's like, that's a particular like region or a particular type of sequencing that is, that only picks up on say bacteria. [00:31:47] Whereas if you want to see fungi, maybe you need to do something called ITS sequencing. And so unless you do like all of the sequencing, you can get an idea of what's happening to the bacterial communities or the fungal communities. But unless you do all of them, it's really hard to get a more holistic picture. [00:32:05] And then, a lot of the sequencing that we do or is done we're missing things. If the regions analyzed aren't big enough, like we can be blind to specific things that we know are there. And so things like my understanding is that fungal mycorrhizae can actually be hard to detect by sequencing. [00:32:21] And so even if you visually see them in the roots by staining, you may not pick them up by sequencing. It is a challenge. Now, I, you know, I think that certainly studying the microbiome and understanding its relationship , with vine performance and soil health is, is crucial and is really, you know, one of the things that it's kind of the Holy grail [00:32:41] Craig Macmillan: Yeah. [00:32:43] Devin Rippner: We're trying to get there. [00:32:44] Craig Macmillan: We're trying to get there. That is definitely the message, but it also, there's definitely the potential. I think that there's a lot of people working on this. I think we're going to get there. It's, genomics is so big. I've talked to people that are like, at some point we, we, we will probably be able to get down to species, so we will know the bad actors from the good actors, we'll get a sense of what the real ecology is. [00:33:05] That's a decade plus away still, but we're going there. Right? We're we're gonna figure it out. We're gonna figure it out at some point. We're gonna get there. [00:33:14] Devin Rippner: Yeah, I agree. And there's, there are some techniques. There's some really cool techniques. So Jennifer Petridge at Lawrence Livermore lab does a lot Carbon 13 labeling of root exudates. So she basically gives plants, she treats them with carbon 13, enriched CO2. And then she looks at how much of the carbon 13 is then incorporated into the DNA of microbes to try to get at how well associated they are with plants. [00:33:41] I think that work is just incredible. And there's some folks at Davis that are, are working that in that area as well. That's kind of the stuff that gets me really excited to seeing when people are trying to really tie it into what's feeding on root carbon, , who's getting these exudates, things like that. [00:33:59] , that to me is one of the, One of the ways that we'll be able to, like, get at these questions is to, to start differentiating, the bulk soil microbiome from like the, the real rhizosphere associated microbiome. [00:34:11] Craig Macmillan: so you got a lot going on. You got , you got a bunch of different things happening. What's the path ahead look like for you? [00:34:17] Devin Rippner: Sure. So, and with with the soil health vineyard. I mean, I'm very excited to keep that going. We'll do another large sampling event in 2027 or 2028. We'll start making wine from our grapes. Not next year, but the year after that. So we'll be excited to see how our different management strategies influence our wine. [00:34:40] The wines that come out of the vineyard, or the wines made, made from the grapes that come out of the vineyard. So those are some of the things , I'm most excited about with regard to the vineyard. [00:34:50] Otherwise, I have a lot of data that I need to process and get out. That's something that's next. [00:34:56] I, I'm collaborating with some folks from the University of Illinois in Berkeley lab to look at changes to the Moro plots in Illinois over time. So that's the oldest agricultural experiment in the United States. The plots there have been in experimental treatments for 149 years. [00:35:15] And the reason I'm involved is because vineyards can be very long lived things, right? I mean, there are vines in California 100 years old. [00:35:23] This is one of the few experiments to me that's like comparable to what we see in vineyards. And so I'm really curious about, you know, how do, how do management practices influence soil structure, microbiome, the metagenome, the metabolome, things like that, on these century long timelines. [00:35:43] That to me is like some of the really interesting questions. If you have a vineyard for, for a century, or if you want a vineyard for a century, what do you need to do? How do you make that work? Knowing that it's going to take 20 years to have your vineyard be profitable. [00:35:57] I mean, you're already on a different timescale than annual crops, right? yeah. And so it's just like, how, how do we make our, our vineyards as sustainable and long lived as possible? Because , that, that initial investment is huge. It is so much money. [00:36:13] Craig Macmillan: I think that's really great. I think coming up with findings on other crops, but with practices that could be transferable is really great. You know, we don't need to be in our little grape silo. All the time. And in fact some of the soil microbiome stuff have been with interviews with people that had no connection to vineyards whatsoever. And it was great. The things that they were learning, they were absolutely transferable to this crop as well. That hasn't gotten that kind of attention. Grapevines are tough little suckers, really from an evolutionary standpoint, they're pretty rugged and so we can kind of get away with a lot just because of that. [00:36:48] And now I think the margin for error is less and less, especially when we get into tougher and tougher sites like you're talking about and different conditions, especially if you've farmed it for a while and things have changed. Being able to look at other, other systems and see what's there. [00:37:03] What is one thing that you would tell growers around this topic of research? [00:37:09] Devin Rippner: vineyard is very informed by grower practices. We have a grower board that like helps us make decisions. A message that I will say is like science is science and science is often pretty, you know, Like straight laced and rigid because it must be. know, We're going to find things and those results hopefully will be interesting. [00:37:27] But it's not the be all and end all . of science and research. Growers continuing to try innovative things push the boundaries of what they think is possible is really how we get progress. And I am hopeful , once this vineyard is more established to start going back out and working with growers. [00:37:48] When I first started in Prosser, I sampled from probably 40 different vineyards around the state just to get an idea of what the soil properties were like. And we've done some, some experiments with that. Some of our results are that permanganate oxidize oxidizable carbon. So this POC C classically it's been called active carbon. [00:38:08] There's some new research that suggests that it's, that's maybe a misnomer and it's really, often plant derived carbon. [00:38:15] It seems like there are some effects from that, that suppress disease. And I think that , that's an area where growers can really kind of play around and see if there's , waste from their vineyard and applying it to their vines trying to look at what that does to their, POC C values and also try, just getting in trying to look at some of the past issues that those vines may have and see if there's any decreases. [00:38:41] A lot of observational science is really important. I like hearing from growers that, yeah, I did this thing and it looks like it made a difference. There's a lot of value in that and, and I don't discount like grower knowledge in any way, shape, or form. Like it is deep knowledge growers know things that I don't, and I find that out all the time. [00:39:02] I value those observations. They they give me guidance on how I want to do my work. And we do try to incorporate that stuff into the soil health vineyard. Over time we are going to have to figure out like, You know, can we sustain funding for a vineyard for, say, 50 years if all we're doing is like a cover crop, some compost, and then a mix? [00:39:23] That seems like it's maybe not the most sustainable thing. Science requires that type of stuff, but it's just not that sustainable. So finding ways to make use of our, border rows and stuff like that is going to be important. And a lot of the research that we do is going to be informed by grower observations. [00:39:39] Craig Macmillan: Yep. Yep. Exactly. Where can people find out more about you and your work? [00:39:44] Devin Rippner: Sure. So you can look me up online. Devin Rippner a lot of stuff will pop up. There's a USDA website that has a listing of my publications and things like that. I also have a personal website. So those are some places to, to check out my work. [00:40:00] I try to make sure that my stuff is open access and usable. So, like the deep learning code, the image segmentation code that I co developed for X ray ct work is now being applied to like other types of imaging on. So people are using it at hops and a variety of other things on. [00:40:18] So that code is online. Like you can find it it's associated with my papers. You can play around with it and try it with your own stuff. Mhm. And, and, and that's a big thing for me is like open data. I, I love sharing a lot of the, the data that I have and the code that I have so that people can, repeat what I did. [00:40:35] Look me up online and yeah, you'll be, you can find that, find those resources. [00:40:40] Craig Macmillan: we will have links to a lot of that on the show page. So please visit the show page and check this stuff out. I was really happy to hear you use the word repeatability. [00:40:49] Devin Rippner: Yeah, [00:40:50] Craig Macmillan: Yeah. And I also was really, it's hard. it's very, very hard and it's often overlooked. You know, the, , the scientific methods we know today was all built around the idea of repeatability. That's how you demonstrate whether something's real, real, or if it's only real under certain conditions, blah, blah, blah, blah. So that's really great. I'm glad you're doing that. [00:41:08] Well, I want to thank you for being on the podcast. This is a Devin Rippner. He is a research soil scientist with USDA agricultural research service and an adjunct position with the crop and soil science department at Washington state university. Really fun conversation, Devin, lots to think about. I will be following this closely. Or annually, probably [00:41:31] Devin Rippner: Cool. [00:41:31] Yeah. [00:41:32] Craig Macmillan: these things are slow. I'm not going to be checking every week. But I just think it's really cool project and is real inspiration. And I would love to see the same kind of thing replicated in other places. [00:41:41] Devin Rippner: Great. Thanks Craig. That was really fun. [00:41:43] Beth Vukmanic: Thank you for listening. [00:41:49] If you enjoyed this podcast, Vineyard Team has a couple of in field tailgate meetings coming up this year that you won't want to miss. [00:41:56] The first is on February 20th in Paso Robles, and it is a dry farming grower around table. Now you don't need to be a dry farmer to enjoy this event. There'll be a number of different growers here talking about their experiences, trials, challenges, and successes. [00:42:13] The second event is on March 12th, and it is Grazing as a Sustainable Practice for Vineyards, taking place in Los Olivos, and we hope to have some adorable sheep on site. [00:42:24] Make sure you check out the show notes for links to Dev lots of research articles, plus, sustainable wine growing podcast episodes, 80. The Goldilocks principle and powdery mildew management, 90 nematode management for Washington grapes, plus a whole healthy soils playlist. [00:42:42] Now for the fine print, the views, thoughts, and opinions expressed are the speaker's own and do not represent the views, thoughts, and opinions of the USDA ARS. As such, the views, thoughts, and opinions. Presented by the speaker do not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. The material and information presented here is for general information purposes only. [00:43:14] If you liked this show, do us a big favor by sharing it with a friend, subscribing, and leaving us a review. You can find all of the podcasts at vineyardteam.org/podcast. And you can reach us at podcast@vineyardteam. org. [00:43:28] Until next time, this is Sustainable Wine Growing with the Vineyard Team.   Nearly perfect transcription by Descript

    Salty Believer Unscripted (Audio)

    Most people think hospitality is opening your home to others and eating with them. It's not less than that, but it is so much more. Is hospitable thinking what causes a church to be friendly to new people? Is there a way for those who don't have a home to open up and be hospitable? Is there a more robust way to think about hospitality that may cause us to be better about this thing? These are the questions Josiah Walker and Bryan Catherman discuss in this episode of Salty Believer Unscripted. Copyright 2024. Find more information at SaltyBeliever.com.

    The Mookse and the Gripes Podcast
    Episode 99: Books We Think About All the Time

    The Mookse and the Gripes Podcast

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 6, 2025 108:08


    We're joined by the amazing poet and essayist Elisa Gabbert to discuss some of the books that we think about all the time. We each share three books that are always on our minds and discuss the many reasons some works become such and important part of who we are.Which ones would you pick?ShownotesBooks* Any Person Is the Only Self, by Elisa Gabbert* The Unreality of Memory, by Elisa Gabbert* The Word Pretty, by Elisa Gabbert* The Hurting Kind, by Ada Limón* 77 Dream Songs, by John Berryman* The Price of Salt, by Patricia Highsmith* A Passage to India, by E.M. Forster* Patricia Highsmith: Her Diaries and Notebooks* Strangers on a Train, by Patricia Highsmith* Miss MacIntosh, My Darling, by Marguerite Young* Lies and Sorcery, by Elsa Morante, translated by Jenny McPhee* Middlemarch, by George Eliot* Slow Productivity: The Lost Art of Accomplishment Without Burnout, by Cal Newport* An Attempt at Exhausting a Place in Paris, by George Perec, translated by Marc Lowenthal* A Month in Sienna, by Hisham Matar* How to Cook a Wolf, by M.F.K. Fisher* A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction, by Christopher Alexander, Sara Ishikawa, and Murray Silverstein* Train Dreams, by Denis Johnson* Ducks, Newburyport, by Lucy Ellmann* The Brothers Karamazov, by Fyodor Dostoevsky* Notes from Underground, by Fyodor Dostoevsky* Too Serious Ladies, by Jane Bowles* Sabrina, by Nick Drnaso* Emma, by Jane Austen* The Wild Iris, by Louise Glück* Survey Says, by Nathan Austin* The World Without Us, by Alan Weisman* So Long, See You Tomorrow, by William Maxwell* Atonement, by Ian McEwan* The Invention of Morel, by Adolfo Bioy Casares, translated by Ruth L.C. SimmsOther* Elisa Gabbert's Poetry Column in The New York Times* Every book I read in 2024, with commentary, by Elisa Gabbert* Lost Highway, d. David Lynch* Mulholland Dr., d. David Lynch* Episode 36: Epic Books* Backlisted Podcast on Notes from Underground* Episode 25: Jane AustenThe Mookse and the Gripes Podcast is a book chat podcast. Every other week Paul and Trevor get together to talk about some bookish topic or another. We hope you'll continue to join us!Many thanks to those who helped make this possible! If you'd like to donate as well, you can do so on Substack or on our Patreon page. These subscribers get periodic bonus episode and early access to all episodes! Every supporter has their own feed that he or she can use in their podcast app of choice to download our episodes a few days early. Please go check it out! This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit mookse.substack.com/subscribe

    Action Movie Guys
    Ep 422 - In The Blood (2014)

    Action Movie Guys

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 6, 2025 19:40


    In this episode of the Action Movie Guys Podcast, Alex and Nate revisit Salt (2010) after years—but with a twist! Nate watches the theatrical version, while Alex experiences the director's cut for the first time. With different cuts offering unique storytelling choices, how will their opinions compare? Does Salt still deliver the action-packed espionage thrills, or does time reveal its flaws? Tune in to find out the outcome of this double-perspective review!

    Utah Utes Interviews
    Utah MBB | Craig Smith - Runnin' Utes vs Colorado Buffaloes Postgame Interview

    Utah Utes Interviews

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 6, 2025 8:21


    Utah Utes Interviews
    Utah Utes WBB HC gavin petersen post game interview | Utah Utes 70 Texas Tech 64 final

    Utah Utes Interviews

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 6, 2025 3:44


    Utah Utes Interviews
    Eric Weddle previews Super Bowl LIX, A Chiefs 3-peat (?), Is there a way to fix the Pro Bowl (?), Luka leading his Lakers now + more

    Utah Utes Interviews

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 6, 2025 19:24


    The Utah FB legend & Super Bowl Champion on Super Bowl LIX Sunday in New Orleans, Can the Pro Bowl be fixed (?), Are the Chiefs gonna 3-peat (?), Luka now a member of his Lakers + more

    Practical Nontoxic Living
    E76. Salt Isn't Just Salt: The Truth About Microplastic Contamination

    Practical Nontoxic Living

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 6, 2025 14:00


    Is your salt contaminated with plastic? Microplastics have infiltrated our oceans, food supply, and even the salt we sprinkle on our meals. In this episode of the Practical Nontoxic Living Podcast, Sophia dives into the shocking truth about microplastics in salt—where they come from, how they affect your health, and the best ways to avoid them.

    The Midnight Miracle
    LL's Check (Encore edition)

    The Midnight Miracle

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 5, 2025 24:08


    “I'm terrified at the moral apathy, the death of the heart, which is happening in my country.”—James BaldwinFeaturing, in order of appearance: Questlove and Radio RahimContains clips of James Baldwin and music from Minoru Muraoka. Recorded in Ohio, Summer 2020Executive Produced by Talib Kweli, yasiin bey, Dave Chappelle, Noah Gersh, Jamie Schefman, Nick Panama, Kenzi Wilbur, and Miles HodgesProduced by Noah Gersh and Jamie Schefman for SALTProduction Manager: Liz LeMayRecording Engineer: Federico LopezRecording Engineer: Adrián Bruque for NPNDAssistant Editors: Danny Carissimi and Noah Kowalski Senior Sound Designer: Russell TopalTranscription Supervisor: Sam BeasleyMixer: Jordan GalvanPodcast Artwork: Rachel EckStill Photography: Mathieu BittonThe Midnight Miracle is a Luminary Original Podcast in partnership with Pilot Boy Productions and SALT.Special thanks to Paul Adongo, Cipriano Beredo, Elaine Chappelle, Ivy Davy, Rikki Hughes, Kyle Ranson-Walsh, Sina Sadighi, Mark Silverstein, and Carla Sims.Photography made available courtesy of Pilot Boy Productions, Inc. Copyright © 2021 by Pilot Boy Productions, Inc., all rights reserved.

    Hard Men Podcast
    Ego is the Enemy: Why We Need to Talk Less and Do More

    Hard Men Podcast

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 5, 2025 48:54


    In 1934, Upton Sinclair ran for governor of California. During the campaign, he wrote a book, in the past tense, talking about all he accomplished as governor. The problem? He got crushed in the election bid. His talk and hype outpaced the work he needed to do to actually win the race. Like Sinclair, many of us can get ahead of ourselves with talk—about what we have or hope to accomplish. In the process, our hype game outpaces our actual accomplishments. In this episode, we'll talk about practical ways to make war with ego, or pride, which starts with the words we use. Who do we blame when things go wrong? Who do we give credit to when things go right? How does seeing ourselves as a student help us tame the beast of overgrown pride? We'll discuss this and more in the episode.   Visit ForgedBeardCo.com today and use code HARDMEN for 15% off your first purchase!Book your free consultation with Boniface Business Solutions at bonifacebusiness.comVisit White Tree Solutions at wtsdata.com or send them an email at info@wtsdata.comTalk to Joe Garrisi about managing your wealth with Backwards Planning Financial.Alpine Gold Exchange Website: alpinegoldogden.comSet Up a Meeting: https://calendly.com/alpinegold/alpine-gold-consultation10 Ways to Make Money with Your MAXX-D Trailer.Buy your beef or pork box today from Salt and Strings Butchery. Use code "HMP" to get $20 off your next order.Get 10% off your next Reformation Heritage Books order with discount code "HARDMEN."Buy your plate armor from Premier Body Armor today.Support the show

    Dr. Football
    Doc Sports Business - Jón Rúnar Halldórsson ræðir FH, laun í fótbolta, salt og aðstöðu FH

    Dr. Football

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 5, 2025 94:45


    Jón Rúnar mætti loksins til Dr. Football. Hann byrjar að ræða ris FH og þær áskoranir sem félagið stendur frammi fyrir. Þá fer hann að ræða launamál í íslenskum fótbolta og hvernig við gerum íþróttamenn að launamönnum. Að lokum aðstoðumál FH og örstutt um skýrslu Deloitte.

    Wealth Planning for the Modern Physician
    The 2025 Tax Landscape: Insights on Changes and Planning Strategies, with CPAs Carole Foos & Greg Heimkreiter

    Wealth Planning for the Modern Physician

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 5, 2025 38:06


    Listen in as host David Mandell sits down with Carole Foos, CPA from OJM Group and Greg Heimkreiter, JD, CPA from Howard, Nunn & Bloom, Inc.  David asks both Carole and Greg to give their key insights on the tax landscape as we enter 2025 with a new party in control of both the White House and Congress.  Carole begins with a discussion of potential changes to individual tax rates and Greg mentions the SALT limitations and dives into estate tax issues as well. David then chats with Carole about retirement plan changes due to the Secure Act, new planning opportunities coming online in 2025, and the continued importance of tax diversification.  Greg then shifts the discussion to corporate taxation, including the possibility that C corporations may come back into more utility for medical practices and other small businesses.  Carole and David then discuss Qualified Opportunity Zone investments and how the deferred tax is going to be coming up for payment soon and what that means for 2025 tax planning. David concludes asking both Carole and Greg for their input on the changes in the accounting industry and why so many physicians and practices are having difficulty finding good firms who want to provide tax return preparation services.     KEY POINTS Tax Uncertainty in 2025: With potential changes to tax laws due to a new administration, tax planning remains a "wait and see" process, especially for individuals and businesses.  Expiring Tax Cuts: Key provisions of the 2017 tax reforms, including lower individual income tax rates and increased standard deductions, are set to expire at the end of 2025 unless extended.  Estate Tax Exemptions: Current estate tax exemptions of $13 million+/- per individual ($27 million for married couples) could be halved if laws revert in 2026, raising planning concerns.  SALT Deduction Limit: The $10,000 cap on state and local tax (SALT) deductions is a significant pain point, particularly for taxpayers in high-tax states like California and New York.  Retirement Plan Changes: The Secure Act 2.0 introduces supersized catch-up contributions for ages 60-63 in 2025 and expands options for Roth contributions, encouraging tax diversification.  Opportunity Zones: Taxes deferred through qualified opportunity zone investments will become due in 2026, requiring proactive liquidity planning for investors.  Inherited IRA Rules: New rules require most beneficiaries to withdraw inherited IRA funds within 10 years, potentially accelerating tax liability.  Business Tax Considerations: Proposed reductions in C corporation tax rates from 21% to 15% and changes in bonus depreciation rules could shift entity structuring decisions.  Qualified Business Income (QBI): The QBI deduction benefits pass-through entities but is not available to most high-income professionals, particularly medical practices.  Industry Shifts in Tax Preparation: A shortage of accountants and outsourcing trends have made finding quality tax preparation services more challenging for individuals and small businesses.  Roth IRAs and RMDs: Funding Roth accounts now can reduce future required minimum distributions (RMDs), offering long-term tax benefits.  Accelerated Depreciation: Businesses, including medical practices, may benefit from restored 100% bonus depreciation for assets like equipment.  Tax Diversification for Retirement: Balancing assets in different tax treatment "buckets" (e.g., Roth, traditional accounts) enhances flexibility and minimizes tax burdens in retirement.  Future of C Corporations: Lower corporate tax rates could make C corporations more attractive, but double taxation remains a potential downside.  Challenges in Accounting Industry: Many firms are shifting away from individual tax returns, emphasizing the importance of finding specialized services that align with clients' needs. Learn more, including additional show notes, links, and more, by visiting physicianswealthpodcast.com. Click here to get your FREE copy of our latest book, Wealth Strategies for Today's Physician!

    SUMA Observations & Conversations
    Exploring Salt Lines: With Hylozoic/Desires

    SUMA Observations & Conversations

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 5, 2025 26:15


    Immerse yourself in our exhibition, Salt Lines: Exploring Climate, Environment, and the Saline Influx with commentary from our Director of Curatorial Affairs, Dr. Becky Bloom, and two of the participating artists, Himali Singh Soin and David Soin Tappeser. They discuss their artwork as they walk through the gallery, providing insight into each piece's process, inspiration, and intentions.  If you'd like to learn more about Salt Lines: Exploring Climate, Environment, and the Saline Influx and how you can see this exhibition, visit our website here.

    Brains On! Science podcast for kids
    Why does salt make food taste so good?

    Brains On! Science podcast for kids

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 4, 2025 28:27


    Salt is made up of tiny crystals! Under a microscope, some salt crystals look like pyramids, staircases, or even snowflakes. But why do these salty little crystals make food so tasty?Join Molly and co-host Yasmin as they explore the science of salt. They'll head to the Brains On Labrakitchen with producer Anna Goldfield for a lesson about salt science. Then, food journalist and cookbook author Priya Krishna will stop by to chat about cooking with salt. Plus, a mystery sound so tricky, it might make you a little salty!Subscribe to Smarty Pass for ad-free feeds, bonus episodes, and ticket discounts!Today's episode is sponsored by:Indeed.com/brainson - Receive a $75 sponsored job credit with code brainson

    Bertcast
    Something's Burning: Things Get Weird with Al Yankovic and Thomas Lennon | S4 E23

    Bertcast

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 4, 2025 75:42


    It's a dream come true when Weird Al Yankovic and Thomas Lennon drop by the kitchen for some curried-up bunny chow and veggie samosas. We also dive into history, Broadway shows, and of course – our favorite Weird Al songs and The State characters. Check out Weird Al on his BIGGER & WEIRDER 2025 Tour - https://www.weirdal.com/tour Follow Thomas Lennon: https://www.instagram.com/thomaspatricklennon Follow Weird Al: https://www.instagram.com/alfredyankovic Don't miss out on all the action this week at DraftKings! Download the DraftKings app today! Sign-up using https://dkng.co/burning or through my promo code BURNING. This episode is brought to you by Magic Spoon. Get 5 dollars off your next order at https://MagicSpoon.com/BURNING This episode is brought to you by Found. Open a Found account for FREE at https://found.com/BURNING. SUBSCRIBE so you never miss a video https://bit.ly/3DC1ICg Shirts vs. Skins with Nikki Glaser, Tony Hinchcliffe and Adam Ray as Dr. Phil during THE BIG GAME WEEKEND in New Orleans February 8 https://www.ticketmaster.com/bert-kreischer-shirts-vs-skins-with-new-orleans-louisiana-02-08-2025/event/1B00615EF5BB59D3 Double Down Las Vegas March 21 and 22 https://www.axs.com/series/25430/bert-kreischer-artist For upcoming TOUR DATES: http://www.bertbertbert.com/tour Catch me on NETFLIX For all things BERTY BOY PRODUCTIONS: https://bertyboyproductions.com For MERCH: https://store.bertbertbert.com/ Follow Me! X: http://www.Twitter.com/bertkreischer Facebook: http://www.Facebook.com/BertKreischer Instagram: http://www.Instagram.com/bertkreischer YouTube: http://www.YouTube.com/user/Akreischer TikTok: http://www.TikTok.com/@bertkreischer Threads: https://www.threads.net/@bertkreischer Text Me: https://my.community.com/bertkreischer SWEET POTATO BUNNY CHOW AND VEGGIE SAMOSAS Raita: * 3 cups plain Greek yogurt * 2 cups finely diced English cucumber * ½ cup minced cilantro * 1 tsp cumin * 1 tsp garam masala * 1 tsp sea salt 1. Mix all ingredients until smooth. Potato Curry: * 4 bread bowls * 2 medium onions * EVOO * 2 tsp ground coriander * 2 tsp cumin * 4 tsp garam masala * 1 tsp cayenne pepper * 4 tsp turmeric * 1 tsp allspice * 2 pieces of grated ginger * 6 cloves of garlic, sliced * 6 tomatoes, chopped up * 1 ½ cups coconut cream * 1 ½ cups water * 2 sweet potatoes, peeled and diced * 2 cans chickpeas * Salt and pepper to taste * Raita 1. Add EVOO to large pan and fry onions until soft. Then add spices, garlic and ginger, stirring to combine. 2. Add tomatoes and cook for 3 minutes until they break down. 3. Add sweet potatoes, coconut cream and water to the pan. Cover the pan and let simmer until the sweet potatoes are soft, around 15 minutes. 4. Finally add in the chickpeas and season with salt and pepper cooking for another 2 minutes. 5. Cut off the top of buns and scoop out the insides, spoon in the curry then flip the filled bun upside-down onto a plate. Cover the bun with more curry and drizzle raita on then serve. GAMBLING PROBLEM? CALL 1-800-GAMBLER, (800) 327-5050 or visit gamblinghelplinema.org (MA). Call 877-8-HOPENY/text HOPENY (467369) (NY). Please Gamble Responsibly. 888-789-7777/visit ccpg.org (CT) or visit www.mdgamblinghelp.org (MD). 21+ and present in most states. (18+ DC/KY/NH/WY). Void in ONT/OR/NH. Eligibility restrictions apply. On behalf of Boot Hill Casino & Resort (KS). 1 per new customer. Min. $5 deposit. Min. $5 bet. Max. $200 issued as non-withdrawable Bonus Bets that expire in 7 days (168 hours). Stake removed from payout. Terms: dkng.co/dk-offer-terms. Ends 2/9/25 at 11:59 PM ET. Sponsored by DK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

    Skeptoid
    Skeptoid #974: Salt Typhoon: The Chinese Phone Hack

    Skeptoid

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 4, 2025 14:35


    What really happened — and what didn't — in the 2024 telecom cyberattack. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

    The Built Different Podcast with Zach Clinton
    Salt & Light: Developing a Lifestyle of Faithfulness with Team Chaplain & Life Coach of the Baltimore Ravens, Johnny Shelton, Ep. 211

    The Built Different Podcast with Zach Clinton

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 4, 2025 45:59


    With Super Bowl weekend right around the corner, we wanted to bless all you NFL fans with an incredible guest who not only understands the ins and outs of what it takes to get to and to play in the NFL, but also a man who now gets to shepherd and steward the spiritual growth and development of many NFL players. Our guest today is Johnny Shelton! Johnny is a husband, father, minister, sports chaplain, and life coach with an extraordinary desire to encourage and challenge the hearts of God’s people! He has served in various ministry roles throughout his career including the team chaplain at Elon University, the chaplain of the Virginia Tech Football Team, and now serving as the Team Chaplain and Life Coach of the Baltimore Ravens since 2013! This is a man who understands the process of spiritual growth and development and the significance of fellowship and discipleship in our journey throughout this life. Listen in to this compelling conversation that will challenge and encourage you in your pursuit of more fully knowing God and making His name known! Johnny’s Website: https://johnnyshelton.com/ Discover more Christian podcasts at lifeaudio.com and inquire about advertising opportunities at lifeaudio.com/contact-us.

    PINCH MY SALT
    EP 59 | You Won't Believe Why FLORIDA Got SNOW! | Pinch my Salt with Sterling Spencer

    PINCH MY SALT

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 4, 2025 56:39


    It was a HISTORIC amount of snowfall in Florida! The entire state was blanketed in white, creating a scene that is rarely seen in this warm climate. Sterling confesses that he is the cause of it, claiming responsibility for this incredible weather phenomenon. Is Snow overrated? Join us as we explore this question and dive into the unexpected joy and challenges that come with such a rare event. We will look at how the community reacted, share some fun facts about snow in Florida, and discuss whether this winter wonderland is a blessing or a burden. Don't miss out on this unique experience!

    BlenCouragesU
    BCU Podcast | The Essential Role of Salt in Our Lives | (Ep 380)

    BlenCouragesU

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 4, 2025 19:57


    Hey there BCUFam! For years, salt has gotten bad press and I am here to tell you, that is untrue! God designed us to need salt in our natural and spiritual lives. Let's take a closer look at this necessary nutrient. After you finish listening, please head over to the comments section at BlenCouragesU.com so we can continue our conversation! Thanks again everyone and God bless you! Yours in faithful service, Blen

    American Soccer Analysis
    EXPECTED OWN GOALS: Live in Houston, with Arielle Dror & Jen Cooper!

    American Soccer Analysis

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 4, 2025


    RECORDED BEFORE THE TRANSFER OF SAVY KING TO ANGEL CITY FC It's xOG's first ever live pod! The guys chat about Crystal Dunn's move to PSG and the other stray transactions of the last week, before launching into their live conversation from the inaugural American Soccer Insights Summit in Houston, Texas. Bay FC director of data and analytics Arielle Dror and women's soccer researcher/historian/NWSL information director Jen "The Keeper" Cooper to talk about the past, present and future of statistics and analytics in the women's game. This was the most fun. Join our Patreon for only $6/month (or $60/year) to get all of our exclusive bonus content! Art by Eli ElbogenMusic by Devin Drobka's Bell Dance Songs (chopped n screwed remix by Evan Davis)

    Utah Utes Interviews
    Coaches Show @UtahMBB: Craig Smith +@Keanu_28 Dawes on all things Runnin' Utes, Big 12 + more

    Utah Utes Interviews

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 4, 2025 48:44


    Utah's #1 sports talk and home University of Utah Athletics!

    For The Love of Truth's Podcast
    Saying Goodbye to Shingles: My Natural Secrets Revealed

    For The Love of Truth's Podcast

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 4, 2025 4:26


    Send us a textDiscover my personal journey to making shingles a non-event using natural methods! In this video, I reveal how a combination of bioresonance detox and tissue salts transformed a previously painful experience into a manageable one. Learn about the key steps I took, including specific tissue salts that helped reduce symptoms and healing time, along with additional tips that supported nerve pain relief. Whether you're dealing with shingles or exploring alternative health solutions, this might be the game-changer you need. For more details and related resources, check the links in the description!To learn more about the issue Salts:https://theprinciples.co.uk/tissuesalts/Support the show

    SpaceTime with Stuart Gary | Astronomy, Space & Science News
    Bennu's Building Blocks of Life, Asteroid YR4's Threat, and Lunar Dome Mysteries: S28E15

    SpaceTime with Stuart Gary | Astronomy, Space & Science News

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 3, 2025 29:08


    SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 15The Astronomy, Space and Science News PodcastBuilding Blocks of Life on Asteroid Bennu, New Asteroid Threat, and Lunar Dome MissionIn this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover groundbreaking discoveries from the asteroid Bennu, where scientists have detected the molecular building blocks of life in samples returned by NASA's Osiris Rex spacecraft. These findings indicate a rich history of salt water on Bennu, suggesting that the essential conditions for life may have been widespread throughout the early solar system. The analysis reveals 14 amino acids and five nucleobases, hinting at the potential for life beyond Earth.A New Asteroid Threat to EarthWe also discuss the newly identified asteroid 2024 YR4, which poses a significant risk with a 1 in 83 chance of impact on December 22, 2032. This near-Earth object, measuring between 40 and 100 meters wide, has astronomers concerned due to its potential for causing a powerful airburst explosion or even a surface impact.Investigating Mysterious Lunar DomesAdditionally, NASA is gearing up for a mission to explore the enigmatic Gruthusen domes on the Moon, as part of the Lunar Vice mission by Firefly Aerospace. This mission aims to unravel the origins of these dome-like structures and assess the Moon's volcanic history, providing insights into its evolution and potential resources for future exploration.00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 15 for broadcast on 3 February 202500:49 Discovery of building blocks of life in Bennu samples06:15 New asteroid threat 2024 YR412:30 NASA's Lunar Vice mission to study lunar domes18:00 CIA assessment on COVID-19 origins22:45 Elderberry juice and metabolic health27:00 Feathered dinosaur tail preserved in amber30:15 Link between UFO sightings and economic conditionswww.spacetimewithstuartgary.comwww.bitesz.com

    Millennial Mustard Seed
    S6 204. Adam Farris - Five Stones - David vs. Goliath Reimagined!

    Millennial Mustard Seed

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 3, 2025 65:43


    Join the Millennial Mustard Seed host, Rod Smith, for a thought-provoking voyage into the unusual, unexplained and unexplored facets of our world! Armed with a seeker's humility and a Biblical lens Millennial Mustard Seed never fails to inspire, provoke and intrigue listeners to deeper faith in Christ Adam Farris author of Five Stones joins Rod to discuss how he was inspired by a personal calling after the passing of my father in September 2022, Five Stones is a gritty reimagining of the David and Goliath story. This graphic novel dives deep into the Nephilim aspect, highlighting its significance to bring new depth and intensity to the legendary battle. A passion project at its core, Five Stones explores the raw, supernatural, and deeply human elements of one of history's most iconic underdog stories. TUNE IN for updates, behind-the-scenes insights, and the journey of bringing this vision to life! Links to Adams book and contact below! https://fivestones.bigcartel.com/ https://eadamfarris.substack.com/ MMS CONTACT INFO: •Email Rod Smith: ⁠⁠mmseed@proton.me⁠⁠ •MMS Podcast Website Link: •Leave a message: ⁠⁠https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/rodney-jay/message⁠⁠ MMS SUPPORT: •Consider partnering with our ministry. ⁠https://creators.spotify.com/pod/show/rodney-jay/subscribe⁠ Buy a copy of my new book! The Words are Salt ⁠⁠https://a.co/d/a1ZL3u2⁠⁠ my Amazon Author page link Amazon.com: Rodney Jay Smith Jr: books, biography, latest update ⁠⁠https://givesendgo.com/GB6F9?utm_source=sharelink&utm_medium=copy_link&utm_campaign=GB6F9⁠⁠ Venmo - @Rodney-Smith-368 ⁠⁠https://www.paypal.me/creative775⁠⁠ Cash app - $Rodsworth77 ⁠⁠⁠Millennial Mustard Seed Podcast on SubscribeStar.com⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠Millennial Mustard Seed | Podcast content & community | Patreon⁠⁠⁠ ⁠ RECOMMENDED MMS RESOURCE: Brother Klaus Chavis YouTube channel. ⁠https://www.youtube.com/@DigitalDiscipleMinistries⁠ Dan Duval Bride Ministries International Download their free app here: ⁠http://brideministries.app.link/⁠ Please leave a 5-star review on your favorite podcast app/catcher, whichever you use to listen. Music from Uppbeat Free Music for YouTube Videos & Creators UppbeatLicense: PFREJYBLQKUZTMDH:

    Crosscurrents
    Future Of journalism & The Still Life Cafe

    Crosscurrents

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 3, 2025 26:52


    Journalism continues to change with the times. But what's next? Today, first amendment experts explore the dangers and opportunities of journalism in a second Trump term. Then, a tiny mountain town that's a major foodie destination. Slowing down at The Still Life Cafe. And, we add a dash of poetic flavor. Bay Agenda: The future of journalism California Foodways: Owens Valley town of Independence home to destination restaurant How to Salt' by poet Brennan Defrisco

    Swiss Army Scorpion
    Dice and Salt 129 - So Long and Thanks for All the Dice & Salt

    Swiss Army Scorpion

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 3, 2025 42:06


    Lord Richter and Lady Toast are back, one last time, to discuss the interdimensional finale to the campaign and gush over the big musical number from the previous episode. Then, they get into Alex's basement of loneliness and discuss the advent of children's show-based memes. As always, you can find us on Twitter (@inspired_incomp) and on Facebook to follow along with our exploits, you can shoot us an email at InspiredIncompetence@gmail.com if you're so inclined. You can find out more about us at InspiredIncompetence.com and join our Discord server from the link at the bottom, where we are always around to chat with our fans (or whoever wants to chat, we're not picky). Lastly, if you're enjoying the show, we humbly ask that you consider supporting us on Patreon to let us know that our efforts are not in vain. Thanks everyone, and enjoy the show!

    Jorge Cruise Podcast
    BELLY GOES IN 19 DAYS

    Jorge Cruise Podcast

    Play Episode Listen Later Feb 3, 2025 11:42


    In this episode, fitness expert and author Jorge Cruise introduces his new 19-day challenge starting February 3rd, aimed at reducing belly fat and waist circumference. He discusses the dangers of belly fat, the benefits of intermittent fasting, and introduces his 'Zero Hunger Water' recipe. Jorge also teases content from his upcoming 40th book, 'Feel Great All Day,' and gives details on how to join the challenge for free, including daily Zoom sessions and essential steps to start the journey towards better health and increased energy. • Two covers of First for Women magazine (science-focused). 
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1r4i8DCJ1WRZquIKnokzroQB3FGRSWaEo/view?usp=sharing

https://drive.google.com/file/d/18PXTB-nYX4iLEBoRa2qgUE3jya9zWkXO/view?usp=sharing
 • One cover of Woman's World magazine (pop culture-focused).

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1W8r_CZL1cQJFn_jMkOX3jmUdHSJM_3nj/view?usp=sharing
 • A feature on The Doctors, produced by Dr. Phil McGraw.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fyex-r9v724&t=16s
 • My interview with Dorinda Medley on Andy Cohen's Radio Andy.
https://www.instagram.com/p/Cd3-FG2D4Bj/ 
 • My podcast discussion with Dr. William Cole on The Art of Being Well. https://drwillcole.com/podcast/jorge-cruise-the-science-spirituality-of-stopping-sugar-carb-cravings  
 • Podcast interview with Dr. James DiNicolantonio:


 Episode 96: Dr. James DiNicoliantonio Salty Secrets: Your Key To Mastering Cravings https://open.spotify.com/episode/077PKNYg1RczvePO6nGtRX?si=3kjwWrYsRkq6ZyWuujNljw Episode 109: Dr. James DiNicoliantonio Deep Dive Into Weight Loss with Salt https://open.spotify.com/episode/7dUWtxxbPlp5IVDzkYCnB9?si=DvOvh2DiSfefHOcmOLzLiQ 
 

 Episode 118: Dr. James DiNicoliantonio The Powerful Health Secrets of Minerals https://open.spotify.com/episode/0ryjTJ3MLuz3UPquNJjFNw?si=Wkztu40aRCi4jR8YrHSRPg  Episode 151: Dr. James DiNicoliantonio Unleashing the Power of Salt to Maximize Performance https://open.spotify.com/episode/3mg8dnIfzB1FuRhUqF8lxA?si=bf4f699745224801

 • Dr. Oz segment on waist measurement: https://www.instagram.com/p/DCm4Ts1TaT2/ 00:00 Introduction and Welcome 00:04 Understanding Belly Fat 00:49 The 19-Day Challenge 01:43 Intermittent Fasting and Zero Hunger Water 02:44 How to Make Zero Hunger Water 03:31 Join the Feel Great All Day Challenge 05:18 The Science Behind Zero Hunger Water 08:40 Goals and Measurements 09:51 Final Thoughts and Invitation

    Grace South Bay
    Stay Salty - Matthew 5:13 - 16

    Grace South Bay

    Play Episode