Podcasts about results for

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.17.548989v1?rss=1 Authors: Schrantee, A., Najac, C., Jungerius, C., van der Zwaag, W., Jbabdi, S., Clarke, W. T., Ronen, I. Abstract: Introduction: Functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS) is a non-invasive technique for measuring dynamic changes in neurometabolites. While previous studies have observed concentration changes in metabolites during neural activation, the relationship between neurometabolite response and stimulus intensity and timing requires further investigation. To address this, we conducted an interleaved fMRS and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment using a visual stimulus with varying contrast levels. Methods: A total of 20 datasets were acquired on a 7T MRI scanner. The visual task consisted of two STIM blocks (30s/20s ON/OFF, four minutes), with 10% or 100% contrast, interleaved with a four minutes REST block. A dynamic fitting approach was used for fMRS data analysis. For metabolite level changes, the STIM conditions were modeled in two different ways: either considering the full STIM block as active condition (full-block model) or only modeling the ON blocks as active condition (sub-block model). For linewidth changes due to the BOLD effect, STIM conditions were modeled using the sub-block model. Results: For both models, we observed significant increases in glutamate levels for both the 10% and 100% visual contrasts, but no significant difference between the contrasts. Decreases in aspartate, and glucose, and increases in total N-acetylaspartate and total creatine were also detected, although less consistently across both 10% and 100% visual contrasts. BOLD-driven linewidth decreases and fMRI-derived BOLD increases within the MRS voxel were observed at both 10% and 100% contrasts, with larger changes at 100% compared to 10% in the fMRI-derived BOLD only. We observed a non-linear relation between visual contrast, the BOLD response, and the glutamate response. Conclusion: Our study highlights the potential of fMRS as a complementary technique to BOLD fMRI for investigating the complex interplay between visual contrast, neural activity, and neurometabolism. Future studies should further explore the temporal response profiles of different neurometabolites and refine the statistical models used for fMRS analysis. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Here Adriana reads from and we discuss articles in a really cool quarterly called Noema- This edition linked here, and we start and return to the theme of this-https://www.noemamag.com/quarterly-capitalism-cant-compete-with-china/ We explore topics ranging from the Global and U.S. economies and their true costs, to a philosophy of women and children first and technology and it's role in our lives to day, Enjoy our conversation, we did! We always appreciate your responses and feedback. In the discussion referenced on impacts of the grid- NIH data abt. power lines proximity- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4931365/ "Results: For leukaemia, there was a slight excess of cases within 50 m of a transmission line over 200 kV (odds ratio 1.4, 95% confidence interval 0.7–2.7). There was no evidence of increased risk for distances beyond 50 m, for lower-voltage lines, or for CNS cancers." https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1128834/ "This meta-analysis tends to confirm the presence of an association between exposure to magnetic fields and leukaemia among people who reside in the vicinity of high voltage transmission electric lines of > or = 49 kV. There is consistency across studies. Measures of exposure used in the studies were either distance from the lines or calculated fields estimated from pertinent line features. The results apply to adults as well as to children."

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.09.06.506862v1?rss=1 Authors: Lustosa, L. A., Silva, A. E. L., Carvalho, R. P., Vargas, C. D. Abstract: Background: Traumatic brachial plexus injury (TBPI) causes a sensorimotor deficit in upper limb (UL) movements. Objective: Our aim was to investigate the arm-forearm coordination of both the injured and uninjured UL of TBPI subjects. Methods: TBPI participants (n=13) and controls (n=10) matched in age, gender, and anthropometric characteristics were recruited. Kinematics from the shoulder, elbow, wrist and index finger markers were collected while upstanding participants transported a cup to mouth and returned the UL to a starting position. The UL coordination was measured through the relative phase (RP) between arm and forearm phase angles and analyzed as a function of the hand kinematics. Results: For all participants, the hand transport had a shorter time to peak velocity (p less than 0.01) compared to the return. Also, for the control and the uninjured TBPI UL, the RP showed a coordination pattern that favored forearm movements in the peak velocity of the transport phase (p less than 0.001). TBPI participants' injured UL showed a longer movement duration in comparison to controls (p less than 0.05), but no differences in peak velocity, time to peak velocity and trajectory length, indicating preserved hand kinematics. The RP of the injured UL revealed altered coordination in favor of arm movements compared to controls and to the uninjured UL (p less than 0.001). Finally, TBPI participants' uninjured UL showed altered control of arm and forearm phase angles during the deceleration of hand movements compared to controls (p less than 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that UL coordination is reorganized after a TBPI so as to preserve hand kinematics. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by PaperPlayer

This week we are joined by the reigning Ironman Chattanooga champ, Angela Naeth. She has been battling with Lyme Disease the past couple of years and still managed a sub-9 hour at both the Ironman World Championship and Cozumel in 2018.  Plus we'll talk about the community Team I Race Like A Girl and her new sponsorship with BlueRub.    Show Sponsor: VENGA Thanks to Venga CBD for sponsoring today's show.  Venga is a premium CBD that will improve your athletic performance by helping reduce inflammation and anxiety.  Venga CBD products are different than typical CBD products, they are made for endurance athletes here in Colorado with the highest quality hemp. All their products are THC free, with the highest bioavailability of any CBD. Venga has a no-risk, 60-day, money-back guarantee.  It's easy to order online and have delivered right to your door.   You can get Venga CBD by going to VengaCBD.com which is spelled V - e - n - g - a CBD.com.  Get 30% off your first order with promo code - 303podcast.  Subscribe and save 15% on future orders. https://vengaendurance.com/303podcast/   In Today's Show Feature interview with Angela Naeth What New in the 303 - Colorado Classic Partner to Inspire Student Athletes Endurance News - Giro d'Italia COVID threat, new Challenge Daytona Wild Card announcements Best New Thing - Levels Health and my UCAN brick test   Interview Sponsor: UCAN I'll be talking a little later about my BGL brick test in the news section later, but I did do the test using UCAN as my only fuel and hydration for the 2 hour brick and felt great throughout.  I love that feeling of being 2 hours into an effort and feeling like you still have a kick, and you feel mentally sharp and positive. UCAN Performance Energy and Bars are powered by SuperStarch®.   Use in your training and racing to fuel the healthy way, finish stronger and recover quickly! If you miss the Keep Moving deal, you can always use code MHE2020 for 15% off at generationucan.com,   Interview with Angela Naeth: Growing up in British Columbia, Canada, Angela Naeth, known in the triathlon world for her prowess on the bike, is a multiple 70.3 and Ironman Champion. In 2018, Angela, while battling Lyme disease, placed 8th at the Ironman World Championships with a time of 8:57.  She is now currently ranked among the top triathletes in the world -  with 3 sub-9 hour IRONMAN performances, 30+ podiums at the 70.3 and Ironman distances. Angela continues to pursue her career in these distances and build awareness around Lyme, and Women in Sport. Giving back - Angela created a women's triathlon/cycling community in 2017.  www.iracelikeagirl.com.  Growing in numbers, iracelikeagirl is her ability to support others in the sport of triathlon. FAST FACTS: Hometown: Prince George, BC Canada Resides in:  South Easton, Massachusetts Previous sports: Middle distance track First triathlon: 2008 Years as a professional: 10 Pre-race meal: Banana and Applesauce Favorite Foods: salmon, grapes, almond butter, coffee, black licorice. Favorite workout: Long rides in the mountains Favorite places: Kona, HI, St. Coix, and Lake Placid NY   Post Interview Discussion Lyme Disease Loves VR Racing - weigh in, functional threshold test, iracelikeagirl e-racing team Likes to talk to marketing directors and think outside the box, feel like I'm a part of something Definitely in Kona   Our News is sponsored by Buddy Insurance. Buddy Insurance is the kind of peace of mind you need as an active outdoor enthusiast.  Buddy’s mission is simple, to help people fearlessly enjoy an active and outdoor lifestyle.  You can now get on-demand accident insurance to make sure you get cash for bills fast and fill any gaps between your current coverage.  Go to buddyinsurance.com and create an account.  There's no commitment or charge to create one.  Once you have an account created, it's a snap to open your phone and in a couple clicks have coverage for the day.  Check it out!   Endurance News: PROFESSIONAL TRIATHLETES ORGANISATION ANNOUNCES VINCENT LUIS, NICOLA SPIRIG, KRISTIAN BLUMMENFELT AND GEORGIA TAYLOR-BROWN AS WILDCARD SELECTIONS FOR PTO 2020 CHAMPIONSHIP This week the PTO announced the first 8 athletes who will receive Wildcard Slots for the PTO 2020 Championship at CHALLENGEDAYTONA®.  On Monday, Vincent Luis, Georgia Taylor-Brown, Kristian Blummenfelt and Nicola Spirig were announced as the first athletes to be receiving Wildcard Slots. There is no doubt that these short course and Olympic distance stars will spice up the already world-class start line made up of the PTO World Ranking Top 40 male and female athletes. Find out more about the 1st picks and why they were selected here.  Yesterday, Gustav Iden, Flora Duffy, Tim Don and Jessica Learmonth were announced as the latest athletes to have received one of the 20 Wildcard Slots, as allocated by the PTO’s non-athlete board based on the Wildcard Selection Criteria.  The quartet have the opportunity to join the 1st picks and the pre-qualified athletes on the start line to race for a record-breaking $1,000,000 prize purse before a global TV audience on December 6. Each athlete brings their own individual talent and this is shaping up to be the strongest field ever assembled in the sport. Find out more about each athlete’s pedigree and why they were selected here.   Cycling: Giro d'Italia on brink of cancellation amid COVID-19 cases (Reuters) - The Giro d’Italia was on the brink of cancellation on Tuesday after five teams were hit by COVID-19 cases on the first rest day, with two of them pulling out of the three-week grand tour 12 days before the finish in Milan. The Mitchelton-Scott team withdrew after four staff members tested positive for the coronavirus following top rider Simon Yates pulling out last week. Jumbo-Visma, whose leader Steven Kruisjwijk tested positive, said they would not start the 10th stage on Tuesday.  A Team Sunweb rider, one staff member from Ineos-Grenadiers and AG2R-La Mondiale also returned positive tests, organisers RCS said.  RCS, in a joint statement with the International Cycling Union (UCI), said the teams’ doctors had ordered “isolation measures”.  Sunweb’s Michael Matthews had tested positive and sports director Luke Roberts said the Australian was asymptomatic.   ‘If This Works It’s Going To Change Everything’: Cycling’s BMC And F1’s Red Bull Advanced Technologies Hint At Cycling Revolution Red Bull Advanced Technologies’ Vehicle Science team has been helping BMC technicians with simulations of bike behavior based on data from Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models. The companies are enlisted Cancellara—an Olympic and World Champion—to validate and evaluate some of the first hardware developments produced by the partnership.   What's New in the 303: High School Cycling League and the Colorado Classic Partner to Inspire Student Athletes The Colorado Classic applauds all of these student athletes and is honored to award our Best Young Rider to two Exceptional Student Athletes. These are exemplary student-athletes whose personal standards and achievements are a model to others. They demonstrate outstanding leadership, sportsmanship, academic performance and volunteerism in their team, school, and community. Nominated by the Colorado League community members, the winners will receive a 2019 Colorado Classic Young Rider Jersey signed by the world famous track and time trial superstar, Chloe Dygert. “The Colorado Classic is a trailblazer in it’s high profile support of female professional athletes. All youth are inspired by the visibility of exceptional female role models. Thank you for acknowledging 2020 exceptional student athletes,” said Kate Rau, Executive Director of the Colorado High School Cycling League. The winners will be announced on November 1 on social media. Those not part of the League, are encouraged to vie for a Chloe Dygert – signed jersey in the QOM Jersey competition. Taking place between October 15th and October 21st, participants are asked to join the Colorado Classic Strava Group, hop on their bikes and get climbing! The first cyclist to ride 13,668 feet in elevation (the total amount of feet climbed during the 2019 event) during that week-long climbing window wins.  A second signed jersey will be awarded to the cyclist who records the most elevation gain during the Climbing Window. The #InspiredWeRide Jersey Campaign is the latest initiative in a series of ways the organizers behind the Colorado Classic have kept the cycling world engaged during this unusual and trying year; while furthering their mission be more than a race, and act as a movement to inspire and  empower women of all ages to break the mold, and fight for their goals.   Levels Health Tests and Results: For a given carbohydrate (eg, a banana), what is my blood glucose at different times of the day? Same carbohydrate paired with protein/fat different times of the day Same carbohydrate with no post exercise Same carbohydrate followed by aerobic exercise Pre/during/post aerobic exercise fasted Pre/during/post aerobic exercise fueled (Skratch vs. UCAN)   Sunday 2 Hour Brick (90 minute ride/30-40 minute run) Before the test I had a cup of coffee and a high protein and fat breakfast of bacon, eggs and sourdough toast.  I had a swig of UCAN Lemon, and a bottle of UCAN Lemon and another of UCAN Hydrate.  The brick workout was a 90 minute ride followed by a 30-40 minute run.  The protocol was to take a BGL measurement and fuel with UCAN every 15 minutes.  The following were tests just prior to starting the ride and every 15 minutes, and a final post ride measurement. The lack of an initial spike in BG illustrates that my muscles are getting adequate glycogen from muscle stores or UCAN, or both.  Starting with a high protein breakfast may have had an influence by starting me out with a steady BGL.  On the ride, the effort was variable as measured by heart rate and perceived exertion.  I was fueling consistently every 15 minutes with UCAN bar and energy drink.  Just prior to the 60 minute measurement, a had an encounter with rider who honked off at me for riding their wheel.  It actually got me a little honked off and got my adrenaline going (see 10:36 measurement; 101 and rising).  It continued to rise to 122 fifteen minutes later.  This increase could have been from one or more of the following.  A) an increase in effort sending a demand for more glycogen; B) an increase in carbohydrate from UCAN; C) adrenalin rush from the encounter with the rude rider.  15 minutes into the run there was a 12 point drop, which would suggest a sufficient supply of fuel for the muscles and insulin was packing glycogen into the muscles. Fifteen minutes later the BG increased back to 95 suggesting a surge into the blood stream either from UCAN or the liver.   The post run measurement was 97.  I had a UCAN protein shake with milk after the run and then took a measurement at lunch.  There was a big post run spike which I can only attribute to the UCAN protein shake. Why does exercise sometimes raise blood sugar? Exercise can trigger the body to release stress hormones, like adrenaline and cortisol. Adrenaline can stimulate the liver and the adrenal glands to release glucose and cortisol which makes you more resistant to insulin.   Video of the Week: The race is Long: Behind the scenes at Bear Lake Brawl Credit to Kenny Withrow   Upcoming Interviews: Kristian Blummenfelt is a Norwegian triathlete and Olympian, competing at both short course (sprint and standard distance).  In 2018 he set the world record for the 70.3 distance, setting a time of 3:29:04 in 2018 and both repeating the feat and bettering his own mark in 2019 with a time of 3:25:21.  Blummenfelt achieved his first career gold at ITU World Triathlon Series level at the Grand Final in Lausanne on the 31st August.   Closing: Thanks again for listening in this week.  Please be sure to follow us @303endurance and @303triathlon and of course go to iTunes and give us a rating and a comment.  We'd really appreciate it! Stay tuned, train informed, and enjoy the endurance journey!

This week we are joined by the reigning Ironman Chattanooga champ, Angela Naeth. She has been battling with Lyme Disease the past couple of years and still managed a sub-9 hour at both the Ironman World Championship and Cozumel in 2018.  Plus we'll talk about the community Team I Race Like A Girl and her new sponsorship with BlueRub.    Show Sponsor: VENGA Thanks to Venga CBD for sponsoring today's show.  Venga is a premium CBD that will improve your athletic performance by helping reduce inflammation and anxiety.  Venga CBD products are different than typical CBD products, they are made for endurance athletes here in Colorado with the highest quality hemp. All their products are THC free, with the highest bioavailability of any CBD. Venga has a no-risk, 60-day, money-back guarantee.  It's easy to order online and have delivered right to your door.   You can get Venga CBD by going to VengaCBD.com which is spelled V - e - n - g - a CBD.com.  Get 30% off your first order with promo code - 303podcast.  Subscribe and save 15% on future orders. https://vengaendurance.com/303podcast/   In Today's Show Feature interview with Angela Naeth What New in the 303 - Colorado Classic Partner to Inspire Student Athletes Endurance News - Giro d'Italia COVID threat, new Challenge Daytona Wild Card announcements Best New Thing - Levels Health and my UCAN brick test   Interview Sponsor: UCAN I'll be talking a little later about my BGL brick test in the news section later, but I did do the test using UCAN as my only fuel and hydration for the 2 hour brick and felt great throughout.  I love that feeling of being 2 hours into an effort and feeling like you still have a kick, and you feel mentally sharp and positive. UCAN Performance Energy and Bars are powered by SuperStarch®.   Use in your training and racing to fuel the healthy way, finish stronger and recover quickly! If you miss the Keep Moving deal, you can always use code MHE2020 for 15% off at generationucan.com,   Interview with Angela Naeth: Growing up in British Columbia, Canada, Angela Naeth, known in the triathlon world for her prowess on the bike, is a multiple 70.3 and Ironman Champion. In 2018, Angela, while battling Lyme disease, placed 8th at the Ironman World Championships with a time of 8:57.  She is now currently ranked among the top triathletes in the world -  with 3 sub-9 hour IRONMAN performances, 30+ podiums at the 70.3 and Ironman distances. Angela continues to pursue her career in these distances and build awareness around Lyme, and Women in Sport. Giving back - Angela created a women's triathlon/cycling community in 2017.  www.iracelikeagirl.com.  Growing in numbers, iracelikeagirl is her ability to support others in the sport of triathlon. FAST FACTS: Hometown: Prince George, BC Canada Resides in:  South Easton, Massachusetts Previous sports: Middle distance track First triathlon: 2008 Years as a professional: 10 Pre-race meal: Banana and Applesauce Favorite Foods: salmon, grapes, almond butter, coffee, black licorice. Favorite workout: Long rides in the mountains Favorite places: Kona, HI, St. Coix, and Lake Placid NY   Post Interview Discussion Lyme Disease Loves VR Racing - weigh in, functional threshold test, iracelikeagirl e-racing team Likes to talk to marketing directors and think outside the box, feel like I'm a part of something Definitely in Kona   Our News is sponsored by Buddy Insurance. Buddy Insurance is the kind of peace of mind you need as an active outdoor enthusiast.  Buddy’s mission is simple, to help people fearlessly enjoy an active and outdoor lifestyle.  You can now get on-demand accident insurance to make sure you get cash for bills fast and fill any gaps between your current coverage.  Go to buddyinsurance.com and create an account.  There's no commitment or charge to create one.  Once you have an account created, it's a snap to open your phone and in a couple clicks have coverage for the day.  Check it out!   Endurance News: PROFESSIONAL TRIATHLETES ORGANISATION ANNOUNCES VINCENT LUIS, NICOLA SPIRIG, KRISTIAN BLUMMENFELT AND GEORGIA TAYLOR-BROWN AS WILDCARD SELECTIONS FOR PTO 2020 CHAMPIONSHIP This week the PTO announced the first 8 athletes who will receive Wildcard Slots for the PTO 2020 Championship at CHALLENGEDAYTONA®.  On Monday, Vincent Luis, Georgia Taylor-Brown, Kristian Blummenfelt and Nicola Spirig were announced as the first athletes to be receiving Wildcard Slots. There is no doubt that these short course and Olympic distance stars will spice up the already world-class start line made up of the PTO World Ranking Top 40 male and female athletes. Find out more about the 1st picks and why they were selected here.  Yesterday, Gustav Iden, Flora Duffy, Tim Don and Jessica Learmonth were announced as the latest athletes to have received one of the 20 Wildcard Slots, as allocated by the PTO’s non-athlete board based on the Wildcard Selection Criteria.  The quartet have the opportunity to join the 1st picks and the pre-qualified athletes on the start line to race for a record-breaking $1,000,000 prize purse before a global TV audience on December 6. Each athlete brings their own individual talent and this is shaping up to be the strongest field ever assembled in the sport. Find out more about each athlete’s pedigree and why they were selected here.   Cycling: Giro d'Italia on brink of cancellation amid COVID-19 cases (Reuters) - The Giro d’Italia was on the brink of cancellation on Tuesday after five teams were hit by COVID-19 cases on the first rest day, with two of them pulling out of the three-week grand tour 12 days before the finish in Milan. The Mitchelton-Scott team withdrew after four staff members tested positive for the coronavirus following top rider Simon Yates pulling out last week. Jumbo-Visma, whose leader Steven Kruisjwijk tested positive, said they would not start the 10th stage on Tuesday.  A Team Sunweb rider, one staff member from Ineos-Grenadiers and AG2R-La Mondiale also returned positive tests, organisers RCS said.  RCS, in a joint statement with the International Cycling Union (UCI), said the teams’ doctors had ordered “isolation measures”.  Sunweb’s Michael Matthews had tested positive and sports director Luke Roberts said the Australian was asymptomatic.   ‘If This Works It’s Going To Change Everything’: Cycling’s BMC And F1’s Red Bull Advanced Technologies Hint At Cycling Revolution Red Bull Advanced Technologies’ Vehicle Science team has been helping BMC technicians with simulations of bike behavior based on data from Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models. The companies are enlisted Cancellara—an Olympic and World Champion—to validate and evaluate some of the first hardware developments produced by the partnership.   What's New in the 303: High School Cycling League and the Colorado Classic Partner to Inspire Student Athletes The Colorado Classic applauds all of these student athletes and is honored to award our Best Young Rider to two Exceptional Student Athletes. These are exemplary student-athletes whose personal standards and achievements are a model to others. They demonstrate outstanding leadership, sportsmanship, academic performance and volunteerism in their team, school, and community. Nominated by the Colorado League community members, the winners will receive a 2019 Colorado Classic Young Rider Jersey signed by the world famous track and time trial superstar, Chloe Dygert. “The Colorado Classic is a trailblazer in it’s high profile support of female professional athletes. All youth are inspired by the visibility of exceptional female role models. Thank you for acknowledging 2020 exceptional student athletes,” said Kate Rau, Executive Director of the Colorado High School Cycling League. The winners will be announced on November 1 on social media. Those not part of the League, are encouraged to vie for a Chloe Dygert – signed jersey in the QOM Jersey competition. Taking place between October 15th and October 21st, participants are asked to join the Colorado Classic Strava Group, hop on their bikes and get climbing! The first cyclist to ride 13,668 feet in elevation (the total amount of feet climbed during the 2019 event) during that week-long climbing window wins.  A second signed jersey will be awarded to the cyclist who records the most elevation gain during the Climbing Window. The #InspiredWeRide Jersey Campaign is the latest initiative in a series of ways the organizers behind the Colorado Classic have kept the cycling world engaged during this unusual and trying year; while furthering their mission be more than a race, and act as a movement to inspire and  empower women of all ages to break the mold, and fight for their goals.   Levels Health Tests and Results: For a given carbohydrate (eg, a banana), what is my blood glucose at different times of the day? Same carbohydrate paired with protein/fat different times of the day Same carbohydrate with no post exercise Same carbohydrate followed by aerobic exercise Pre/during/post aerobic exercise fasted Pre/during/post aerobic exercise fueled (Skratch vs. UCAN)   Sunday 2 Hour Brick (90 minute ride/30-40 minute run) Before the test I had a cup of coffee and a high protein and fat breakfast of bacon, eggs and sourdough toast.  I had a swig of UCAN Lemon, and a bottle of UCAN Lemon and another of UCAN Hydrate.  The brick workout was a 90 minute ride followed by a 30-40 minute run.  The protocol was to take a BGL measurement and fuel with UCAN every 15 minutes.  The following were tests just prior to starting the ride and every 15 minutes, and a final post ride measurement. The lack of an initial spike in BG illustrates that my muscles are getting adequate glycogen from muscle stores or UCAN, or both.  Starting with a high protein breakfast may have had an influence by starting me out with a steady BGL.  On the ride, the effort was variable as measured by heart rate and perceived exertion.  I was fueling consistently every 15 minutes with UCAN bar and energy drink.  Just prior to the 60 minute measurement, a had an encounter with rider who honked off at me for riding their wheel.  It actually got me a little honked off and got my adrenaline going (see 10:36 measurement; 101 and rising).  It continued to rise to 122 fifteen minutes later.  This increase could have been from one or more of the following.  A) an increase in effort sending a demand for more glycogen; B) an increase in carbohydrate from UCAN; C) adrenalin rush from the encounter with the rude rider.  15 minutes into the run there was a 12 point drop, which would suggest a sufficient supply of fuel for the muscles and insulin was packing glycogen into the muscles. Fifteen minutes later the BG increased back to 95 suggesting a surge into the blood stream either from UCAN or the liver.   The post run measurement was 97.  I had a UCAN protein shake with milk after the run and then took a measurement at lunch.  There was a big post run spike which I can only attribute to the UCAN protein shake. Why does exercise sometimes raise blood sugar? Exercise can trigger the body to release stress hormones, like adrenaline and cortisol. Adrenaline can stimulate the liver and the adrenal glands to release glucose and cortisol which makes you more resistant to insulin.   Video of the Week: The race is Long: Behind the scenes at Bear Lake Brawl Credit to Kenny Withrow   Upcoming Interviews: Kristian Blummenfelt is a Norwegian triathlete and Olympian, competing at both short course (sprint and standard distance).  In 2018 he set the world record for the 70.3 distance, setting a time of 3:29:04 in 2018 and both repeating the feat and bettering his own mark in 2019 with a time of 3:25:21.  Blummenfelt achieved his first career gold at ITU World Triathlon Series level at the Grand Final in Lausanne on the 31st August.   Closing: Thanks again for listening in this week.  Please be sure to follow us @303endurance and @303triathlon and of course go to iTunes and give us a rating and a comment.  We'd really appreciate it! Stay tuned, train informed, and enjoy the endurance journey!

In today's episode, we speak with Barb Gagne, Director of Demand Generation at Wistia.  We discuss an incredibly interesting project called 'One, Ten, One Hundred'. Here is a short project overview to get you started:  ‘One, Ten, One Hundred’, is the title of with Wistia's first ever video docuseries. Wistia partnered with a video production agency called Sandwich, to come up with a creative concept and produce three video ads to promote Soapbox,  with a production budget of $1,000, $10,000 and $100,000. (Learn more on Wistia’s site) Wistia has a video team and they shot behind the scenes coverage of that production and made it into a four-part video docuseries. And the goal of the project was to explore the relationship between creativity and money. And does money actually impact creativity? So, ultimately, the goal was to test which video would produce the most app downloads of Soapbox. What is Soapbox you ask?  Soapbox is a Chrome extension that enables anyone to record, edit, share, and measure presentation videos. Today’s Topics: What is the current state of video and what are some growing trends? Deep dive into the ‘One, Ten, One Hundred’ video docuseries project What areas of video production and distribution are often misunderstood or under-appreciated? What should a SMB consider as the main goal of videos they produce? Pro Tips Here are some highlights from our interview with Barb: What is the current state of video and what are some growing trends? One of the trends I'm most excited about is when brands create long-form episodic video content. And, this is where brands and creators dive deep into a particular topic. And, they tell a story through a series of long form videos, which also aligns with our business strategy. And I like this, because long-form video allows brands to dive deeper, and have people engage more with their content. So, it’s a way to provide educational and entertainment value beyond the products and services that your brand offers. And it helps you build your brand in a really meaningful way. “We think that longer form, episodic video content is one of the most exciting and creative mediums to pop up in recent years, and we’re excited to get in on the action.” RELATED: Master Modern Marketing: How to develop your inbound video marketing playbook So, one of the common questions that I get from marketers at small and medium businesses is "How can I do video marketing with a limited budget? I think there's a misconception that you need a big budget to include video in your marketing and communication strategy. But in fact, you can do a lot with a very limited budget. For example, if you have one produced video, there's lots of ways you can repurpose it; you can shorten it to share on Twitter or LinkedIn, you can make it into a vertical version to share an Instagram. Or you can even make it into a video thumbnail to use in your email. Or if you don't even have one piece of produce video to repurpose, that's okay, you can just create a video using your iPhone or with Soapbox, which is a Chrome extension from Wisteria that allows you to record your screen and webcam at the same time.’ Well, I think it's a long-form episodic content is something that I think a lot, not a lot of businesses are considered right now. Because they always think the thing that they have to do is the shorts, you know, product overview, or maybe a video ad to generate, you know, conversions from for their product, and those are absolutely things that you should be doing. I would encourage other businesses to consider producing longer form or maybe episodic content, to build more of a story about your brand, and provide the educational and entertainment value to keep users on your site. Because once they're on your site, and they're spending more time with your brand, they then will see the value in your brand. And then they will start to explore the products and services. So, it can be used as the gateway to be able to get them in get to know them within your brand.  RELATED: Wistia's Blog - 4 Companies Producing Episodic Video Content, Big and Small A Deep Dive into ‘One, Ten, One Hundred’ Project Project Overview: So ‘One, Ten, One Hundred’, is the title of with Wistia's first ever video docuseries. And this is where it was to work with a video production agency called sandwich video, to come up with a creative concept and produce three video ads to promote soap box with a production budget of $1,000, $10,000 and $100,000. Wistia has a video team and they shot behind the scenes coverage of that production and made it into a four-part video docuseries. And the goal of the project was to explore the relationship between creativity and money. And does money actually impact creativity? Results: For the Soapbox video ads, we had three videos, with three very different production budgets, and I wanted to find out what video will be the most effective and efficient at driving product installs, would it be the video that was shot with a production budget of $1,000, 10,000, and $100,000. or $100,000. So, to test this out, I used Facebook and YouTube to test at scale, which provided us with the flexibility to move the budgets around based on performance and optimize in real time. And what we learned was that across the board, the video that we created with $10,000 production budget performed the best based on our goals. It had the lowest cost per install across both Facebook and YouTube. And, I think it has to do with that $10,000 video ad deliver the strongest story about what soapbox is and how it can be used. It all came down to the storytelling, the $1,000, one to have enough of the story to showcase the product. And the $100,000 version was just over the top with this production, so the $10,000 was like the perfect blend of both. Additionally, our goal for that was to achieve the lowest cost per install. And it was consistent across all media partners, you know, that the $10,000 ad was the winner at achieving our goals. So, to promote the docuseries, we had a two-minute trailer to promote it. And again, we turned to Facebook and YouTube as our primary paid partners. But we also tested the video ads and Reddit and text ads and core as well. And we promoted the series use the trailers three weeks prior to the series being released online. And during this stage, we captured email addresses of those who wants to know when the content was released. And, we came away with a lot of great learnings not only from that phase, but we had another phase that included promoting the series once it was released to the public. And we're still gathering learnings now to this day, because we're still promoting it. So, what we learned was that people really appreciate in crave this kind of long form episodic content. In addition to tracking sessions, so landing page with the videos and video views, we also have tracked engage video views, which was we defined as being having to watch 25% of the video. And, in the first two months of the content being released, we were able to generate 484,000 engage video views. And, we also learned that early promo phase, where we had the trailer promoting the series before it was released, the project then far exceeded our expectations. The trailer promo was great a capturing and creating interest in the series. And it was really helpful in building buzz around the project and generate interest in the series. And during this short three-week promotional period, we generated nearly 7000 leads the cost per lead of less than $5. And we also learned that we can use One, Ten, One Hundred project, or other video docuseries to build an audience pool for marketing of future video series. And each time that we do this it is going to be easier and easier to build that reoccurring audience base. What areas of video production and distribution are often misunderstood or underappreciated? I think one would be script writing, which I think can seem really intimidating. But I found that having a process and framework and place, is crucial to writing a good script. You could start with a simple brief and include, what you want your audience to be, that consumes the content, what the key takeaway should be, and how the video be used, whether it be on your site, or through other additional promotion, for example, on social, and that really helps with the writing process. And, I would say like, when you're writing your script, keep it conversational. Read it out loud a couple times, and just keep practicing getting really good at it. What should a small to medium-sized business consider as the main goal of videos they produce? I would think about using video to drive more engagement with your audience. I know, we've been talking a lot about that with the long-form episodic content. But I really believe that you know, if you provide a lot of value in your videos, whether it be educational, or, entertainment value, it’s a great way to keep them watching the video and stay on your site for longer. It really  is great thing. So again, I would encourage folks to consider creating episodic video series a way to do this, and also to help your company achieve their goals.  Pro Tip: First of all, set goals. As digital marketer, I often get overwhelmed with all the data that is available. And it's often easy to lose sight of what you're trying to do with your marketing campaigns, because there's the access to data is just in abundance. So, I would say when evaluating your videos, like look for metrics, outside the standard ‘view’ or ‘play’ metrics. I would look for other metrics such as time spent with brand, which will give you an indication of engagement with a brand. It will tell more of a story. So, video views and plays are great. But if you can get people to watch 25% of your video, 50 or even 100%, that's way more valuable. And, you should be evaluating and optimizing off those engagement metrics, rather than just the click or the play metrics. And I will also say, look for opportunities to play, and display your videos as a series either as like a carousel ad, or sequential in advertising, or as a video question on your website. Because, once someone has watched one of your videos, they're much more likely to consume more content and display the videos in a way that makes it easier for them to watch related content is key there. Connect with Wistia: - Wistia.com - Instagram/Wistia - Facebook/Wistia - Twitter/Wistia - LinkedIn/Wistia Connect with Barb: - LinkedIn Profile Connect with Sandwich Video:  - Sandwich.com - Instagram.com/Sandwich - Twitter.com/Sandwich - LinkedIn/Sandwich If you enjoyed the Master Modern Marketing podcast, please subscribe, rate and review the show. You can also keep in contact with the show sponsor, Farmers Marketing, at www.FarmersMarketing.ca, or www.facebook.com/farmersmktng.

Background: Vitamin D is well recognized for its role in skeletal health and its involvement in the modulation of the immune system. In the literature, controversial results are reported for atopic diseases. Thus, we investigated the association between vitamin D status and the prevalence of atopic diseases. Methods: Serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH) D) concentrations were measured in a sample of 2815 10-years old children from two German birth cohort studies. Self-reported physician-diagnosed eczema, hay fever or allergic rhinitis, and asthma were used as outcome variables as well as specific IgE positivity against common allergens. We applied logistic regression models, deriving adjusted odds ratio estimates (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: For asthma and hay fever or allergic rhinitis, no associations existed with serum 25(OH) D concentrations. We observed a significant positive relationship between serum 25(OH) D levels and eczema at age 10 (aOR = 1.09, CI = 1.01-1.17, per 10 nmol/l increase in serum 25(OH) D levels) and for the lifetime prevalence of eczema (aOR = 1.05, CI = 1.01-1.09). Specific IgE positivity for food allergens (aOR = 1.07, CI = 1.02-1.11) and aeroallergens (aOR = 1.05, CI = 1.01-1.08) at age 10, as well as lifetime prevalence, was significantly related to the vitamin D status. Conclusion: In this study we found no indication that higher blood 25(OH) D levels are associated with decreased risk for any of the atopic outcomes in children. However, we observed a positive association of serum 25(OH) D concentrations with eczema and detectable specific IgE. Due to the given limitations of our study, the clinical relevance of these findings needs further clarification.

Background: The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) provides a standardized assessment of functioning and disability in individuals with any kind of disease. So far, data on feasibility and psychometric properties of the 12-item WHODAS 2.0 in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are not available. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate feasibility and psychometric properties of this questionnaire in a population-based sample of persons with AMI. Methods: The sample consisted of 2077 persons (age 35-85 years) with AMI from the population-based MONICA/KORA Myocardial Infarction Registry, Augsburg, Germany, who responded to a postal follow-up survey in 2011. Feasibility was assessed by the number of missing WHODAS 2.0 items and analyzed using multivariate logistic regression modeling. Psychometric properties were determined using Rasch analysis. It included testing of unidimensionality, monotonicity and local independency, Partial Credit Model (PCM) fitting, and testing for Differential Item Functioning (DIF). Concurrent validity was tested by a linear additive model predicting the WHODAS disability score based on a number of independent variables. Results: For 96% of the subjects, the WHODAS disability score could be computed. Incomplete questionnaires were significantly more common in older persons (Odds ratio (OR) 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.05) and persons with bad/very bad self-rated health (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.28-5.06). The assumptions of Rasch modeling were fulfilled. The PCM revealed disordered thresholds for nine of the 12 items. However, it was possible to achieve a correct order of thresholds by collapsing the five response options to three. The item thresholds covered the whole range of the continuum, indicating that items are appropriate to differentiate between persons across the whole continuum of disability. No DIF was detected for any of the tested variables such as age, sex, and education. Significantly higher disability scores were found in persons with comorbidities and impaired overall health status, confirming concurrent validity. Conclusions: The 12-item WHODAS 2.0 is a feasible, nonbiased, and valid instrument for application in persons with AMI. Shortcomings refer to unordered thresholds of most items. Further studies are required in order to confirm these findings.

Background and objective We assessed the effect of regional deprivation on individual mortality by making use of a natural experiment: we followed up ethnic German resettlers from Former Soviet Union countries who were quasi-randomly distributed across the socioeconomically heterogeneous counties of Germany's federal state North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW). Methods We used data from the retrospective cohort study `AMOR' on the mortality of resettlers in NRW (n=34 393). Based on the postcode of the last known residence we linked study participants to the 54 counties of NRW, which were aggregated in six deprivation clusters. Mortality rates and standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated for each cluster. After a mean follow-up of 10 years, 2580 resettlers were deceased. Results For male and female cohort members, mortality rates and SMRs were highest in the cluster `poverty poles' (SMR men: 1.21, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.41; SMR women: 1.17, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.37), whereas they were lowest in the cluster `prospering regions and suburban counties' (SMR women: 0.86, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.05) as well as in the cluster `heterogeneous counties' (SMR men: 0.73, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.88). Conclusions The population which was quasi-randomly distributed to counties of differing socioeconomic status experienced different levels of mortality. It was highest in regions with the highest level of regional deprivation. Previous studies describing this positive relationship between mortality and regional deprivation could not differentiate between compositional and contextual effects. Thus, our findings indicate that in terms of mortality, regional deprivation does matter.

Background: Spontaneous peritonitis is a rather rare event, even in peritoneal dialysis (PD). As defensins are natural antimicrobial peptides, we hypothesized that adipocytes as the major constituents of the omentum could play an important role in protecting against infection by generating defensin (DEFA1-3). Methods: We isolated adipocytes from the omentum majus and conducted qualitative and quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses. Results: For the first time described, we were able to detect DEFA1-3 mRNA in highly purified isolated omental adipocytes. The expression of DEFA1-3 in adipocytes was confirmed on the protein level by immunohistochemistry. Conclusion: Our report of DEFA1-3 expression by human omental adipocytes adds to the role of adipocytes in the primary defense against bacterial infection. This may include PD, where the presence of the catheter as a foreign body and the nonphysiological dialysis solution may require constant defense measures to prevent peritonitis, a hypothesis that will require further testing. Copyright (C) 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel

Background: Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) was classified as human carcinogen (K1) by the German Research Council in 1998. According to epidemiological studies, the relative risk especially for lung cancer might be twice as high in persons who have never smoked but who are in the highest exposure category, for example hospitality workers. In order to implement these results in the German regulations on occupational illnesses, a valid method is needed to retrospectively assess the cumulative ETS exposure in the hospitality environment. Methods: A literature-based review was carried out to locate a method that can be used for the German hospitality sector. Studies assessing ETS exposure using biological markers (for example urinary cotinine, DNA adducts) or questionnaires were excluded. Biological markers are not considered relevant as they assess exposure only over the last hours, weeks or months. Self-reported exposure based on questionnaires also does not seem adequate for medico-legal purposes. Therefore, retrospective exposure assessment should be based on mathematical models to approximate past exposure. Results: For this purpose a validated model developed by Repace and Lowrey was considered appropriate. It offers the possibility of retrospectively assessing exposure with existing parameters (such as environmental dimensions, average number of smokers, ventilation characteristics and duration of exposure). The relative risk of lung cancer can then be estimated based on the individual cumulative exposure of the worker. Conclusion: In conclusion, having adapted it to the German hospitality sector, an existing mathematical model appears to be capable of approximating the cumulative exposure. However, the level of uncertainty of these approximations has to be taken into account, especially for diseases with a long latency period such as lung cancer.

Background: The increasing number of gene expression microarray studies represents an important resource in biomedical research. As a result, gene expression based diagnosis has entered clinical practice for patient stratification in breast cancer. However, the integration and combined analysis of microarray studies remains still a challenge. We assessed the potential benefit of data integration on the classification accuracy and systematically evaluated the generalization performance of selected methods on four breast cancer studies comprising almost 1000 independent samples. To this end, we introduced an evaluation framework which aims to establish good statistical practice and a graphical way to monitor differences. The classification goal was to correctly predict estrogen receptor status (negative/positive) and histological grade (low/high) of each tumor sample in an independent study which was not used for the training. For the classification we chose support vector machines (SVM), predictive analysis of microarrays (PAM), random forest (RF) and k-top scoring pairs (kTSP). Guided by considerations relevant for classification across studies we developed a generalization of kTSP which we evaluated in addition. Our derived version (DV) aims to improve the robustness of the intrinsic invariance of kTSP with respect to technologies and preprocessing. Results: For each individual study the generalization error was benchmarked via complete cross-validation and was found to be similar for all classification methods. The misclassification rates were substantially higher in classification across studies, when each single study was used as an independent test set while all remaining studies were combined for the training of the classifier. However, with increasing number of independent microarray studies used in the training, the overall classification performance improved. DV performed better than the average and showed slightly less variance. In particular, the better predictive results of DV in across platform classification indicate higher robustness of the classifier when trained on single channel data and applied to gene expression ratios. Conclusions: We present a systematic evaluation of strategies for the integration of independent microarray studies in a classification task. Our findings in across studies classification may guide further research aiming on the construction of more robust and reliable methods for stratification and diagnosis in clinical practice.

Background: Allogeneic bone transplantation is at risk of infection, and established disinfection methods typically compromise bone quality. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is well established for disinfection in food technology, and also it does protect biomechanical and biological properties of bone. This study is the first investigation of HHP regarding disinfection of bone biopsies. Materials and methods: Bone biopsies of 34 patients with chronic infections were subjected to HHP and assessed for persisting bacterial growth. In series 1, bone biopsies were proceeded directly to HHP (10 min; maximal pressure P-max 600 MPa). In series 2, HHP was applied after 5-day incubation in growth media (10 min or 2 x 30 min; P-max 600 MPa). Furthermore, HHP-induced changes of bacterial morphology on artificially infected bone samples were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: For series 1, 71% of the bone samples were sterilised by HHP (n = 17), compared to 38% of the untreated control samples, which were obtained during the same surgery (n = 8). For series 2, after prior incubation, HHP disinfected 7% of the bone specimens (n = 55), all control samples showed bacterial growth (n = 33). Destruction of cell wall integrity of Gram-negative strains was observed by SEM. Conclusion: The effectiveness of HHP for bone disinfection should be improved by optimising treatment parameters. Infections with barosensitive Gram-negative bacteria or yeast might represent possible clinical indications.

Background: In patients undergoing surgery for resectable pancreatic cancer prognosis still remains poor. The role of adjuvant treatment strategies (including chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy) following resection of pancreatic cancer remains controversial. Methods: A Medline-based literature search was undertaken to identify randomized controlled trials that evaluated adjuvant chemotherapy after complete macroscopic resection for cancer of the exocrine pancreas. Five trials of adjuvant chemotherapy were eligible and critically reviewed for this article. A meta-analysis (based on published data) was performed with survival (median survival time and 5-year survival rate) being the primary endpoint. Results: For the meta-analysis, 482 patients were allocated to the chemotherapy group and 469 patients to the control group. The meta-analysis estimate for prolongation of median survival time for patients in the chemotherapy group was 3 months (95% CI 0.3-5.7 months, p = 0.03). The difference in 5-year survival rate was estimated with 3.1% between the chemotherapy and the control group (95% CI -4.6 to 10.8%, p > 10.05). Conclusion: Currently available data from randomized trials indicate that adjuvant chemotherapy after resection of pancreatic cancer may substantially prolong disease-free survival and cause a moderate increase in overall survival. In the current meta-analysis, a significant survival benefit was only seen with regard to median survival, but not for the 5-year survival rate. The optimal chemotherapy regimen in the adjuvant setting as well as individualized treatment strategies (also including modern chemoradiotherapy regimens) still remain to be defined. Copyright (C) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Background: The existence of negative correlations between degrees of interacting proteins is being discussed since such negative degree correlations were found for the large-scale yeast protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of Ito et al. More recent studies observed no such negative correlations for high-confidence interaction sets. In this article, we analyzed a range of experimentally derived interaction networks to understand the role and prevalence of degree correlations in PPI networks. We investigated how degree correlations influence the structure of networks and their tolerance against perturbations such as the targeted deletion of hubs. Results: For each PPI network, we simulated uncorrelated, positively and negatively correlated reference networks. Here, a simple model was developed which can create different types of degree correlations in a network without changing the degree distribution. Differences in static properties associated with degree correlations were compared by analyzing the network characteristics of the original PPI and reference networks. Dynamics were compared by simulating the effect of a selective deletion of hubs in all networks. Conclusion: Considerable differences between the network types were found for the number of components in the original networks. Negatively correlated networks are fragmented into significantly less components than observed for positively correlated networks. On the other hand, the selective deletion of hubs showed an increased structural tolerance to these deletions for the positively correlated networks. This results in a lower rate of interaction loss in these networks compared to the negatively correlated networks and a decreased disintegration rate. Interestingly, real PPI networks are most similar to the randomly correlated references with respect to all properties analyzed. Thus, although structural properties of networks can be modified considerably by degree correlations, biological PPI networks do not actually seem to make use of this possibility.

Background: The identification of beta-barrel membrane proteins out of a genomic/proteomic background is one of the rapidly developing fields in bioinformatics. Our main goal is the prediction of such proteins in genome/proteome wide analyses. Results: For the prediction of beta-barrel membrane proteins within prokaryotic proteomes a set of parameters was developed. We have focused on a procedure with a low false positive rate beside a procedure with lowest false prediction rate to obtain a high certainty for the predicted sequences. We demonstrate that the discrimination between beta-barrel membrane proteins and other proteins is improved by analyzing a length limited region. The developed set of parameters is applied to the proteome of E. coli and the results are compared to four other described procedures. Conclusion: Analyzing the beta-barrel membrane proteins revealed the presence of a defined membrane inserted beta-barrel region. This information can now be used to refine other prediction programs as well. So far, all tested programs fail to predict outer membrane proteins in the proteome of the prokaryote E. coli with high reliability. However, the reliability of the prediction is improved significantly by a combinatory approach of several programs. The consequences and usability of the developed scores are discussed.