Podcasts about Synthesis

Membership | Donations | Spotify | YouTube | Apple PodcastsThis week's guest is my friend Evan Miyazono, CEO and Director of Atlas Computing — a tech non-profit committed not to the false god of perfect alignment but to plausible strategy of provable safety. Focusing on community building, cybersecurity, and biosecurity, Evan and his colleagues are working to advance a new AI architecture that constrains and formally specifies AI outputs, with reviewable intermediary results, collaborating across sectors to promote this radically different and more empirical approach to applied machine intelligence.After completing his PhD in Applied Physics at Caltech, Evan led research at Protocol Labs, creating their research grants program, and led the special projects team that created Hypercerts, Funding the Commons, gov4git, and key parts of Discourse Graphs and the initial Open Agency Architecture proposal.In our conversation we talk about a wide swath of topics including regulatory scaling problems, specifying formal organizational charters, the spectre of opacity, and the quantification of trust — all, in some sense, interdisciplinary matters of “game design” in our entanglement with magical technologies and fundamental uncertainty.If you enjoy this conversation, join the Wisdom x Technology Discord server and consider becoming a member for access to our study groups, community calls, and complete archives. Founding members also get access to the entire twenty hours of lecture and discussion from my recent course, How to Live in the Future.Links• Hire me for speaking or consulting• Explore the Humans On The Loop archives• Dig into nine years of mind-expanding podcasts• Browse the books we discuss on the show at Bookshop.org• Explore the interactive knowledge garden grown from over 250 episodesDiscussed• Atlas Computing Summary Slides• Atlas Computing Institute Talks (YouTube Playlist)• A Toolchain for AI-Assisted Code Specification, Synthesis and Verification• Also, a relevant paper from Max Tegmark:Provably safe systems: the only path to controllable AGIMentionedGregory BatesonDavid DalrympleK. Allado-McDowellTerence McKennaYuval Noah HarariCosma ShaliziHenry FarrellHakim BeyNatalie DeprazFrancisco VarelaPierre VermerschPlurality InstitutePuja OhlhaverSean Esbjörn-HargensAlfred North WhiteheadDe KaiPrimer RiffAre we doing AI alignment wrong? Game designers Forrest Imel and Gavin Valentine define games as having meaningful decisions, uncertain outcomes, and measurable feedback. If any one of these breaks, the game breaks. And we can think about tech ethics through this lens as well. Much of tech discourse is about how one or more of these dimensions has broken the “game” of life on Earth — the removal of meaningful decisions, the mathematical guarantee of self-termination through unsustainable practices, and/or the decoupling of feedback loops.AI alignment approaches tend to converge on restoring meaningful decisions by getting rid of uncertainty, but it's a lost cause. It's futile to encode our values into systems we can't understand. To the extent that machines think, they think very differently than we do, and characteristically “interpret” our requests in ways that reveal the assumptions we are used to making based on shared context and understanding with other people.We may not know how a black box AI model arrives at its outputs, but we can evaluate those outputs…and we can segment processes like this so that there are more points at which to review them. One of this show's major premises is that the design and use of AI systems is something like spellcraft — a domain where precision matters because the smallest deviation from a precise encoding of intent can backfire.Magic isn't science in as much as we can say that for spellcraft, mechanistic understanding is, frankly, beside the point. Whatever you may think of it, spellcraft evolved as a practical approach for operating in a mysterious cosmos. Westernized Modernity dismisses magic because Enlightenment era thinking is predicated on the knowability of nature and the conceit that everything can and will eventually bend to principled, rigorous investigation. But this confused accounting just reshuffled its uneradicable remainder of fundamental uncertainty back into a stubbornly persistent Real that continues to exist in excess of language, mathematics, and mechanistic frameworks. Economies, AI, and living systems guarantee uncertain outcomes — and in accepting this, we have to re-engage with magic in the form of our machines. The more alike they become, the more our mystery and open-ended co-improvisation loom back over any goals of final knowledge and control.In a 2016 essay, Danny Hillis called this The Age of Entanglement. It is a time that calls for an evolutionary approach to technology. Tinkering and re-evaluating, we find ourselves one turn up the helix in which quantitative precision helps us reckon with the new built wilderness of technology. When we cannot fully explain the inner workings of large language models, we have to step back and ask:What are our values, and how do we translate them into measurable outputs?How can we break down the wicked problem of AI controllability into chunks on which it's possible to operate?How can adaptive oversight and steering fit with existing governance processes?In other words, how can we properly task the humanities with helping us identify “meaningful decisions” and the sciences with providing “measurable feedback.” Giving science the job of solving uncertainty or defining our values ensures we'll get as close as we can to certitude about outcomes we definitely don't want. But if we think like game designers, then interdisciplinary collaboration can help us safely handle the immense power we've created and keep the game going. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit michaelgarfield.substack.com/subscribe

In episode 2, I will be talking with Xiang Hui, a Projector man from Singapore.   We cover topics on source, variable, nervous determination, being quad right, Ra's frequency, defined ego's, being all motors, Projector relationships, gatekeeping, feelings cognition vs emo authority, and more...   Xiang Hui is a 1/3 emo Projector with the Channels of Synthesis, Community and Emoting.    You can find Xiang Hui - https://www.instagram.com/thehdist/   You can find Sam - https://www.samzagar.com/ https://www.instagram.com/samzagar/  https://www.youtube.com/@SamZagarHumanDesign 

This episode of Two by Two was first published on 22 May 2025.Premium subscribers of The Ken have full access to ALL our premium audio. They are available exclusively via The Ken's subscriber apps. If you don't have them, just download one and log in to unlock everything. Get your premium subscription using this link.Not a Premium subscriber? You can subscribe to The Ken Premium on Apple Podcasts for an easy monthly price (Rs 299 in India). The channel includes ALL our premium podcasts.-Reliance Retail is a behemoth that sells everything—from the recently revived Campa Cola to luxury jackets. And the more than 19,300 stores across its verticals makes it the largest retailer in the country. But Reliance Retail seems to have run the race a bit too fast, and is now plagued by its very efforts to dominate every market it enters. In episode 43 of Two by Two, hosts Rohin Dharmakumar and Praveen Gopal Krishnan discuss how Reliance Retail's size may be turning out to be its biggest challenge with deputy editor Seetharaman G, who leads The Ken's coverage on retail.–Additional reading:Why Reliance Retail will be stock-market pundit's most perplexing company? – https://the-ken.com/story/no-ipo-talk-at-agm-yet-reliance-retail-will-be-stock-pundits-biggest-puzzle/Reliance Retail comes back to earth – https://the-ken.com/tradetricks/reliance-retail-comes-back-to-earth/The curious entry of Jio Financial Services into the Nifty 50 – https://the-ken.com/long_and_short/the-curious-entry-of-jio-financial-services-into-the-nifty-50/Additional listening:Dmart versus the challengers at the gate – https://the-ken.com/podcasts/two-by-two/dmart-versus-the-challengers-at-the-gate/–If you're a Premium subscriber to The Ken, you can listen to the full episode, along with all our other podcasts, exclusively on our apps now.Not a premium subscriber? You can subscribe to The Ken Premium channel on Apple Podcasts, which unlocks access to all our premium audio offerings at a great monthly recurring price.–This episode of Two by Two was produced by Hari Krishna. Rajiv CN, our resident sound engineer, mixed and mastered this episode.If you liked this episode of Two by Two, please share it with your friends and family who would be interested in listening to the episode. And if you have more thoughts on the discussion, we'd love to hear your arguments as well. You can write to us at twobytwo@the-ken.com.

Outline00:00 - Intro00:42 - “Research should be fun”02:02 - Early steps in research09:00 - Book writing and meeting C. Desoer18:33 - Control synthesis via the factorization approach25:46 - The graph metric 29:27 - Robotics and CAIR36:00 - Randomized algorithms40:41 - On learning44:05 - Neural networks48:40 - Tata, hidden Markov models, and large deviations theory55:48 - Picking problems and role of luck58:07 - Compressed sensing and non-convex optimization01:02:17 - Interplay between control and machine learning01:09:10 - Advice to future students01:13:29 - Future of controlLinksSagar's website: https://tinyurl.com/4hwruajsHilbert: https://tinyurl.com/ykpdh929Feedback Systems: https://tinyurl.com/2k3jsdatHow to Write Mathematics: https://tinyurl.com/35794bv9Nonlinear systems: https://tinyurl.com/2fdtnjcmC. Desoer: https://tinyurl.com/svhknrenControl Systems Synthesis — A Factorization Approach: https://tinyurl.com/59wdc4svAryabhata: https://tinyurl.com/43x6hfhpA Brief History of the Graph Topology: https://tinyurl.com/49uftzdkRobot Dynamics and Control: https://tinyurl.com/5b4cmt7mCAIR: https://tinyurl.com/rajdtxaxRandomized algorithms for robust controller synthesis using statistical learning theory: https://tinyurl.com/wanpyeucR. Tempo: https://tinyurl.com/jkufdwarVC dimension: https://tinyurl.com/mvwk8afmLearning and Generalisation: https://tinyurl.com/2s3mzh8hAre Analog Neural Networks Better Than Binary Neural Networks? https://tinyurl.com/3fnk27xcHidden Markov Processes: https://tinyurl.com/t5frrvfzAn Introduction to Compressed Sensing: https://tinyurl.com/fc6a8eerSupport the showPodcast infoPodcast website: https://www.incontrolpodcast.com/Apple Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/5n84j85jSpotify: https://tinyurl.com/4rwztj3cRSS: https://tinyurl.com/yc2fcv4yYoutube: https://tinyurl.com/bdbvhsj6Facebook: https://tinyurl.com/3z24yr43Twitter: https://twitter.com/IncontrolPInstagram: https://tinyurl.com/35cu4kr4Acknowledgments and sponsorsThis episode was supported by the National Centre of Competence in Research on «Dependable, ubiquitous automation» and the IFAC Activity fund. The podcast benefits from the help of an incredibly talented and passionate team. Special thanks to L. Seward, E. Cahard, F. Banis, F. Dörfler, J. Lygeros, ETH studio and mirrorlake . Music was composed by A New Element.

Episode 178 Chapter 37, Contemporary Software and Synthesis. Works Recommended from my book, Electronic and Experimental Music  Welcome to the Archive of Electronic Music. This is Thom Holmes. This podcast is produced as a companion to my book, Electronic and Experimental Music, published by Routledge. Each of these episodes corresponds to a chapter in the text and an associated list of recommended works, also called Listen in the text. They provide listening examples of vintage electronic works featured in the text. The works themselves can be enjoyed without the book and I hope that they stand as a chronological survey of important works in the history of electronic music. Be sure to tune-in to other episodes of the podcast where we explore a wide range of electronic music in many styles and genres, all drawn from my archive of vintage recordings. There is a complete playlist for this episode on the website for the podcast. Let's get started with the listening guide to Chapter 37, Contemporary Software and Synthesis from my book Electronic and Experimental music. Playlist: CONTEMPORARY SOFTWARE AND SYNTHESIS   Time Track Time Start Introduction –Thom Holmes 01:32 00:00 1.     Barry Truax, “Sonic Landscapes No. 3” (1977 revision). From the album Sonic Landscapes: Electronic and Computer Music (Melbourne Records, Canada). “A spatial environment for four computer synthesized soundtracks.” 15:16 01:36 2.     Robert Hood. “Spirit Levels” (1994) from Internal Empire. Written, performed, and produced by Robert Hood. 05:06 16:50 3.     Ikue Mori, “Abacus—Blue Parrot” (1996) from Garden. Composed, performed, produced, drum Machines, effects, Ikue Mori. 10:57 10:57 21:56 4.     Ghost, “Aramaic Barbarous Dawn” (2004) from Hypnotic Underworld. 03:15 32:52 5.     Outputmessage (Bernard Farley), “REM State” (2004) from Oneiros. Written, performed, and produced by Bernard Farley. 04:33 36:08 6.     TOKiMONSTA, “Let Me Trick You” (2010) from Cosmic Intoxication EP. Jennifer Lee is a producer from Los Angeles, California, USA. 03:27 40:40 7.     TOKiMONSTA, “Line to Dot” (2010) from Cosmic Intoxication EP. Jennifer Lee is a producer from Los Angeles, California, USA. 02:50 44:06 8.     Harold Budd, “Jane 1” (2014) from Jane 1-11. Composed, performed, produced by, Harold 07:42 47:00 9.     Sophie, “Elle” (2013) from Bipp/Elle. Electronics, vocals, composed and performed by Sophie Xeon. Sophie was primarily known for electronica dance music. 03:39 54:42 10.   William Basinski & Richard Chartier, “Divertissement” excerpt (2015). Composition and computer synthesis, Richard Chartier and William Basinski. 08:36 58:20 11.   Thom Holmes, “Numbers” (2017) from Intervals. A composition using recordings of numbers stations as the primary source, combined with audio processing and software synthesis. 05:57 01:06:54 12.   Ami Dang, “Conch and Crow” (2019) from Parted Plains. Sitar, electronics, audio processing, voice, Ami Dang. 06:00 01:12:50 13.   Jeff Mills, “Canis Major Overdensity” (2020) from The Universe: Galaxy 1. Written, performed, and produced by Jeff Mills. 07:42 01:18:48 14.   Pamela Z, “Ink” (2021). Commissioned and presented by VOLTI, artistic director Robert Geary; executive producer Barbara Heroux; performed by VOLTI. Music by Pamela Z. 18:08 01:26:32 15.   Ryuichi Sakamoto, “20220214” (2022) from 12. Composed, produced, performed by Ryuichi Sakamoto. In answer to a question about how these recordings were done, Sakamoto replied: “They were all recorded in the small studio that was in my temporary abode in Tokyo. Depending on the piece, two or four mics were used to record the piano.” 09:10 01:44:38 16.   QOA (Nina Corti), “Sauco” (2022) (04:22), “Liquen” (2022) (02:50), “Yatei” (2022) (03:04), “Muitu” (2022) (03:16) from SAUCO. Side 1 of this release from this Argentinian composer-performer. “Sonic journey crafted to cultivate poetic gestures amidst Fauna, Flora, Fungi, Mineral Waters, Wind, and Earth. Each track is an exploration of sound's constant transformation, akin to dragonfly particles swimming in the air. Like waves occupying a space in the spectrum, the compositions work with the movement, condensation, and lightness of the air.” 13:33 01:53:50   Additional opening, closing, and other incidental music by Thom Holmes. My Books/eBooks: Electronic and Experimental Music, sixth edition, Routledge 2020. Also, Sound Art: Concepts and Practices, first edition, Routledge 2022. See my companion blog that I write for the Bob Moog Foundation. For a transcript, please see my blog, Noise and Notations. Original music by Thom Holmes can be found on iTunes and Bandcamp.  

Recorded May 13th, 2025. A seminar by PhD Music students presenting their research, organised by the Department of Music. Learn more at www.tcd.ie/trinitylongroomhub

This episode of Two by Two was first published on 15 May 2025.Premium subscribers of The Ken have full access to ALL our premium audio. They are available exclusively via The Ken's subscriber apps. If you don't have them, just download one and log in to unlock everything. Get your premium subscription using this link.Not a Premium subscriber? You can subscribe to The Ken Premium on Apple Podcasts for an easy monthly price (Rs 299 in India). The channel includes ALL our premium podcasts.-The original big AI bus that came was Large Language Model, or LLMs, the foundational model bus. India missed it.Then the conversation became let others develop the foundational models, we'll just do a better job of building applications on top of it. We'll become the use case capital of the world. There are some startups from India in the space, but none of them are in the same league as their global counterparts.So in some ways, we've missed that bus, too.Today, the focus has shifted to the need to have compute, the need to set up large data centres, and the need to have our own sovereign data sets.The government of India is now providing subsidies to startups and large companies.It's taking equity. For example, Sarvam AI got a 220 crore grant from the government.But can we build massive and really expensive data centres at a scale like the United States and China?What does the future look like for India from an AI point of view?Host Rohin Dharmakumar and Praveen Gopal Krishnan discuss how India has missed many technological waves, including the latest one—AI. Joining them for the episode are Srinath Mallikarjunan, CEO and chief scientist at Unmanned Dynamics, and Nitin Pai, co-founder and director of Takshashila Institution.Welcome to episode 42 of Two by Two.–Additional reading:What China's cheap AI model tells us about India's future – https://the-ken.com/the-nutgraf/what-chinas-cheap-ai-model-tells-us-about-indias-future/India's AI mission needs many heroes. But it's settled for one—Sarvam – https://the-ken.com/newsletter/make-india-competitive-again/indias-ai-mission-needs-many-heroes-its-settled-for-one-sarvam/Inside the legal drama that may exile Ultrahuman from the US – https://the-ken.com/story/a-private-investigator-a-fabricated-logo-and-ouras-death-blow-to-ultrahuman/Is AI enhancing education or replacing it? – https://www.chronicle.com/article/is-ai-enhancing-education-or-replacing-itAdditional listening:Are Trump's tariffs a crisis or an opportunity for India?  – https://the-ken.com/podcasts/two-by-two/no-easy-moves-is-india-facing-a-crisis-or-an-opportunity/Ultrahuman and Kukufm have broken out – ​​https://the-ken.com/podcasts/two-by-two/ultrahuman-and-kuku-fm-have-broken-out/Sam Altman's initial comments on India building foundational models – https://youtube.com/shorts/xHVsk7d1L-0?feature=shared–If you are an existing Premium subscriber, you already have full access to ALL our premium audio. They are available exclusively via The Ken's subscriber apps. If you don't have them, just download one and log in to unlock everything. Not a Premium subscriber? You can subscribe to The Ken Premium on Apple Podcasts for an easy monthly price (Rs 299 in India). The channel includes ALL our premium podcasts.–This episode of Two by Two was produced by Hari Krishna. Rajiv CN, our resident sound engineer, mixed and mastered this episode.If you liked this episode of Two by Two, please share it with your friends and family who would be interested in listening to the episode. And if you have more thoughts on the discussion, we'd love to hear your arguments as well. You can write to us at twobytwo@the-ken.com.

Drs. Pamela Miller and Theresa Marcotte designed an in-class exercise to help students understand the differences between an article summary and a synthesis of information from several articles. Using a PICOT question, students perform a critical analysis of specific content in 3 journal articles. This activity is a competency-based strategy that could be employed in entry-level and graduate courses.

This episode features Victoria Ali  (Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK. Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK)   What is already known about the topic? Nurses deliver care for patients and those important to them across acts that may intentionally or potentially hasten death, navigating this care within the boundaries of healthcare systems and professional regulation. The increase in permissive legislation relating to assisted dying is challenging healthcare professionals to consider how an assisted death sits alongside accepted or ‘traditional' healthcare practices at the end of life. Providing care in these situations can be challenging and requires emotional labour to navigate.   What this paper adds? This review allows recognition of how the emotional labour involved in providing care, and its subsequent impact, is often better recognised within assisted dying than for other acts that may be perceived as death hastening. The ‘normalising' of care, and consequently dying, within acts that may be perceived as hastening death limits the recognition of the emotional labour required for nurses to provide care in these circumstances. When supporting a patient through an assisted death, nurses focus on optimising the experience for the patient, whereas in other acts that may hasten death, nurses' primary focus is on the experience of those present with the patient.   Implications for practice, theory, or policy The impact on nurses' emotional well-being due to the expectation to engage in significant emotional labour, in all care that may be perceived as death hastening, should be considered in daily practice, policy and organisational structure. The provision of emotional support should be considered for nurses when involved in the delivery of care that may hasten death, either through intentional acts (an assisted death) or unintended consequence of the care. Normalising care that may be perceived as death-hastening can impact nurses' feelings of agency within care delivery and may need to be considered in jurisdictions with permissive assisted dying legislation as these practices embed within organisations.     Full paper available from:     https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/02692163251331162   If you would like to record a podcast about your published (or accepted) Palliative Medicine paper, please contact Dr Amara Nwosu:  a.nwosu@lancaster.ac.uk

We're back. In the first episode of Season 2 of the FutureCraft Podcast, Ken Roden and Erin Mills dig into how AI is shifting the entire go-to-market motion. Not just content, but sales enablement, market strategy, and execution. They share how they're using tools like ChatGPT, Gamma, and structured research to build battle cards that actually move deals. They also break down what's working—and what's not—when it comes to driving adoption on lean teams. This episode covers practical ways AI can support speed and clarity without adding complexity. It closes with personal updates and an open call for listener ideas as the show evolves.   Unpacking the AI Toolbox Digital Focus Groups and AI-Assisted Research: Our hosts take us through an intricate process of leveraging AI-driven focus groups and deep research tools to gain valuable insights about customer behavior and preferences. The Power of Synthesis and Presentation Tools: With the help of platforms like Gamma, they illustrate how to transform comprehensive research into polished, actionable battle cards for sales teams, effectively bridging the gap from data gathering to strategic execution. 00:00 Introduction and Disclaimer 00:22 Welcome to Season Two 01:28 Hosts' Personal and Professional Updates 03:58 AI's Rapid Advancements 06:30 Deep Dive into AI Tools and Techniques 09:06 Building a Digital Focus Group 17:34 Leveraging Deep Research for Competitive Intelligence 25:31 Leveraging AI for Content Strategy 26:02 Impact of AI-Driven Traffic on User Engagement 27:20 Credibility and Organic Traffic in AI Models 28:21 Deep Research and Customization in AI 32:50 Creating Consumable Content with AI 34:16 Optimizing Competitive Analysis with AI Tools 40:00 Enhancing Presentation and Design with Gamma 47:49 Integrating AI Tools for Efficient Workflows 51:09 Season 2 Overview and Future Directions

This episode of Two by Two was first published on 08 May 2025.Premium subscribers of The Ken have full access to ALL our premium audio. They are available exclusively via The Ken's subscriber apps. If you don't have them, just download one and log in to unlock everything. Get your premium subscription using this link.Not a Premium subscriber? You can subscribe to The Ken Premium on Apple Podcasts for an easy monthly price (Rs 299 in India). The channel includes ALL our premium podcasts.-The coffee culture in India has come far today. But has it reached the point where daily commuters grab their cup of joe from their favourite cafe on their way to work? Or do they get it delivered in minutes? Or is the cafe only a destination for meetings?The cafe ideally serves all three use cases. But the bigger reason has more to do with what we as Indians associate with cafes when we walk into a cafe. Some answer lies in the split between food and beverages in India. Food is as big a component as coffee and coffee beverages in a cafe in India. While globally, most numbers suggest the split for food is ~10%.But there are more fundamental reasons why the cafe business is hard to crack at scale. From volume of transactions happening to catching up on the ‘grab and go' coffee culture.But even with all the troubles, more players seem keen to enter the market. Why?Hosts Rohin Dharmakumar and Praveen Gopal Krishnan have a fun and insightful conversation about India's coffee culture and its coffee drinkers' tastes in the latest episode of Two by Two. And joining them for the discussion are Abhijeet Anand, founder and CEO, Abcoffee, and Deepak Shahdadpuri, managing director and founder of DSG Consumer Partners.Welcome to episode 41 of Two by Two.–Additional listening:Google Pay: Big. Successful. Vulnerable – https://the-ken.com/podcasts/two-by-two/google-pay-big-successful-vulnerable/Airtel fights spammers. And Truecaller's business model – https://the-ken.com/podcasts/two-by-two/airtel-fights-spammers-and-truecallers-business-model/Ather Energy was a pioneer. Can it also be a leader? – https://the-ken.com/podcasts/two-by-two/ather-energy-was-a-pioneer-can-it-also-be-a-leader/Additional reading:Angel One got what it wished for. That's the problem. – https://the-ken.com/story/angel-one-got-what-it-wished-for-thats-the-problem/–If you are an existing Premium subscriber, you already have full access to ALL our premium audio. They are available exclusively via The Ken's subscriber apps. If you don't have them, just download one and log in to unlock everything. Not a Premium subscriber? You can subscribe to The Ken Premium on Apple Podcasts for an easy monthly price (Rs 299 in India). The channel includes ALL our premium podcasts.–This episode of Two by Two was produced by Hari Krishna. Rajiv CN, our resident sound engineer, mixed and mastered this episode.If you liked this episode of Two by Two, please share it with your friends and family who would be interested in listening to the episode. And if you have more thoughts on the discussion, we'd love to hear your arguments as well. You can write to us at twobytwo@the-ken.com.

This podcast covers the amino acid contribution to the synthesis of the pyrimidine ring. The podcast also covers the regulation of the rate-limiting enzyme of pyrimidine synthesis carbamoylphosphate synthase II (CPSII). It is inhibited by UTP and activated by ATP and PRPP. A comparison of CPS I and CPSII is also included.

This episode of Two by Two was first published on 01 May 2025.Premium subscribers of The Ken have full access to ALL our premium audio. They are available exclusively via The Ken's subscriber apps. If you don't have them, just download one and log in to unlock everything. Get your premium subscription using this link.Not a Premium subscriber? You can subscribe to The Ken Premium on Apple Podcasts for an easy monthly price (Rs 299 in India). The channel includes ALL our premium podcasts.-That's the question hosts Praveen Gopal Krishnan and Rohin Dharmakumar discuss with Vikas Bardia, co-founder and CEO of Shoffr, and Arpit Agarwal, investment partner at Blume Ventures.Blusmart used to represent success, scale, and customer love—a reputation secured as an insurgent against incumbents like Uber and Ola. At its height, Blusmart had around 8,000 cabs in Delhi, Mumbai and Bengaluru—hardly a small number. But now, things are tumbling down.In episode 40 of Two by Two, they discuss the reasons why most of the online ride-hailing space looks the way it does because of VC money, why debt financing is preferred by players who own their own fleet, the different models at play presently and a whole lot more.But the most important question we try to answer is what happens next, and who—if anyone—can become the next Blusmart? Or fill the space they have left?Welcome to episode 40 of Two by Two.–If you are an existing Premium subscriber, you already have full access to ALL our premium audio. They are available exclusively via The Ken's subscriber apps. If you don't have them, just download one and log in to unlock everything. Not a Premium subscriber? You can subscribe to The Ken Premium on Apple Podcasts for an easy monthly price (Rs 299 in India). The channel includes ALL our premium podcasts.–Additional reading:Blusmart and the dogs that didn't bark – https://the-ken.com/the-nutgraf/blusmart-and-the-dogs-that-didnt-bark/Blusmart's relationship with co-founder's listed company could prove costly – https://the-ken.com/story/blusmarts-relationship-with-co-founders-listed-company-could-prove-costly/Additional listening:How will Ola and Uber avoid ‘death by a thousand cuts'? – https://the-ken.com/podcasts/two-by-two/how-will-ola-and-uber-avoid-death-by-a-thousand-cuts/–This episode of Two by Two was produced by Hari Krishna. Rajiv CN, our resident sound engineer, mixed and mastered this episode.If you liked this episode of Two by Two, please share it with your friends and family who would be interested in listening to the episode. And if you have more thoughts on the discussion, we'd love to hear your arguments as well. You can write to us at twobytwo@the-ken.com.

S5 Ep 19 of The Awake Space Podcast explores how spirituality (and other subjects) leave people open to manipulation and scams. Your host Laurie Rivers has been a professional astrologer since 1998 and brings her 3 decades of experience to the table to help you understand how not to get scammed or sucked into a delusional spiral with AI, Social Media and even psychic hotlines.Tracy St. Croix is this week's guest, she brings her experience, wisdom and humor to share her experience on psychic hotlines. Laurie and Tracy have a humorous conversation while setting the record straight, then explain how they came up with a solution to help their clients who have questions or need a quick touch base. Show Links:Awake Space Patreon supports the podcast and keeps it ad free. Join HERE for resources and juicy discounts (and access to Laurie's new quick connect link)Tracy St. Croix for outstanding psychic mediumship for life and business. Click HereUpcoming Events with Laurie:Laurie & Matilda See Stuff May 31st - Astrologer Laurie Rivers and Medium Matilda join forces yet again to get your through the second half of 2025 - Get Your Tickets HERE2026 Year Ahead Predictions with Laurie Rivers - June 21 2025. Join Laurie for a month by month walk through and q&a about 2026 to help you prepare and make the most of the energy. (Patrons save 50% go to the member discount collection for your code) - Book HereChapters00:00 Astrological Insights and Systemic Change02:33 The Role of AI in Spirituality05:34 New Moon in Gemini: Crafting Your Future12:59 Exploring AI in Spirituality and Divination15:46 The Limitations of AI in Intuitive Practices18:49 The Dangers of Mirroring and Cognitive Bias22:07 The Evolution of Astrological Interpretation24:59 The Role of Human Insight in Astrology28:03 Ethics in Divination and Psychic Readings29:17 Patron Shout Outs and Community Appreciation31:21 Navigating Psychic Hotlines and Co-Creating Solutions31:34 Exploring Psychic Hotlines34:36 The Reality of Psychic Readings37:23 Client Management and Expectations40:09 Lessons from the Hotline Experience43:13 Navigating Emotional Intelligence in Readings46:04 The Role of Intuition in Psychic Work48:56 Innovating Psychic Services51:51 Creating Accessible Guidance53:33 Navigating Ethical Dilemmas in Psychic Services59:55 The Role of Intuition in Client Interactions01:07:21 Balancing Personal Well-being with Professional Service01:14:34 Innovating Psychic Services for Modern Needs01:15:25 Balancing Work and Personal Time01:16:50 Authenticity and Integrity in Readings01:18:16 The Importance of Community in Spiritual Work01:18:53 Evening Sessions and Client Needs01:20:34 Quick Touch Base Sessions01:21:30 Exploring Spirituality and Business01:23:30 Learning from Experience and Mentorship01:27:21 Training and Synthesis in Readings01:29:01 Navigating Client Expectations01:37:17 Innovating Spiritual Services01:38:23 Introduction and Upcoming Events01:40:15 Astrological Predictions and Global Events01:48:19 Intense Global Climate and Political Changes01:51:57 Personal Well-being and Conclusion

This podcast discusses the importance of tetrahydrofolate (THF) for making purines, which are essential for building nucleotides and nucleic acids in both humans and microorganisms. The podcast explains that microorganisms produce their own folic acid, which is needed for THF synthesis, and how drugs like sulfonamides block this production. The video also highlights that humans obtain folic acid from their diet and how the drug methotrexate inhibits an enzyme crucial for converting dietary folic acid into THF. Finally, the podcast notes that a lack of folic acid can lead to megaloblastic anemia and will particularly affect other rapidly dividing cells.

Episode 174 Chapter 33, Digital Synthesizers and Samplers. Works Recommended from my book, Electronic and Experimental Music  Welcome to the Archive of Electronic Music. This is Thom Holmes. This podcast is produced as a companion to my book, Electronic and Experimental Music, published by Routledge. Each of these episodes corresponds to a chapter in the text and an associated list of recommended works, also called Listen in the text. They provide listening examples of vintage electronic works featured in the text. The works themselves can be enjoyed without the book and I hope that they stand as a chronological survey of important works in the history of electronic music. Be sure to tune-in to other episodes of the podcast where we explore a wide range of electronic music in many styles and genres, all drawn from my archive of vintage recordings. There is a complete playlist for this episode on the website for the podcast. Let's get started with the listening guide to Chapter 33, Digital Synthesizers and Samplers from my book Electronic and Experimental music.   Playlist: DIGITAL SYNTHESIZERS AND SAMPLERS   Time Track Time Start Introduction –Thom Holmes 01:38 00:00 1.     Jon Appleton, “Syntrophia”(1978) from Music For Synclavier And Other Digital Systems. Composed and performed on the Synclavier, Dartmouth Digital Synthesizer, Jon Appleton. 08:55 01:40 2.     Claude Larsen, “Nitrogen” (1980) from Synthesis. Sounds a bit like “Oxygen” by Jarre from 1976. Programmed, performed, Fairlight CMI Music, Roland System 700, Oberheim TVS-1 Four Voice, Polymoog, Roland MC 8 Micro-Composer, Syntovox vocoder, Claude Larson. 02:31 10:36 3.     Eberhard Schoener, “Fairlight 80” (1980) from Events. Featured the Fairlight CMI played by Schoener and vocals by Clare Torry. 04:20 13:04 4.     Eberhard Schoener, “Events - A La Recherche Du Temps Perdu” (1980) from Events. Mellotron, Violin, Piano, Moog, Oberheim, Fairlight CMIsynthesizers, Eberhard Schoener;  Fairlight CMI, Morris Pert; Gong, Percussion (Gede, Kempli, Rejong), Furst Agong Raka; Gong, Percussion (Gender, Lanang, Rejong), Ketut Tama; Gong, Percussion (Wadong, Rejong), Rai Raka; Percussion, Morris Pert; Fender electric piano, Roger Munnis; tenor saxophone, Olaf Kübler; Drums,  Evert Fraterman, Pete York; Electric Bass, Steve Richardson; Electric Guitar, Ian Bairnson. 11:07 17:26 5.     Klaus Schulze, “Death Of An Analogue” (1980) from Dig It. All music played on the Crumar GDS digital synthesizer/computer. All percussion by F.S. Drum Inc. and GDS. 12:20 28:31 6.     Klaus Schulze, “The Looper Isn't A Hooker” (1980) from Dig It. All music played on the Crumar GDS digital synthesizer/computer. All percussion by F.S. Drum Inc. and GDS. 07:05 40:52 7.     Joel Chadabe and Jan Williams, “Song Without Words” (1981) from Rhythms For Computer And Percussion. "The equipment used in RHYTHMS is a portable minicomputer/digital synthesizer system designed and manufactured by New England Digital Corporation in Norwich, Vermont, expressly for making music.” This was an early Synclavier without a keyboard controller. Synclavier digital synthesizer, Joel Chadabe; Percussion, Vibraphone, Marimba, Slit Drum, Log, Wood Block, Temple Block, Cowbell, Singing Bowls, Jan Williams. 07:24 47:54 8.     Don Muro, “Deanna Of The Fields” (1981) from Anthology. Vocals, Piano, Electric Piano, Acoustic Guitar, Electric Guitar, Synthesizer, Korg M1 Music Workstation, Bass, Drums, Percussion, Don Muro. 02:52 55:18 9.     Nervous Germans, “Hometown” (1981) from Nervösen Deutschen. Bass, Producer, Micki Mäuser; Drums, Udo Dahmen; Guitar, Manni Holländer; Vocals, Casio VL Tone micro keyboard, Grant Stevens. 05:15 58:10 10.   Tuxedomoon, “Blind” from Time To Lose, Blind. Effects, Guitar, Peter Principle; Casio M-10, Blaine L. Reininger; Vocals, Moog, Soprano Saxophone, Steven Brown; Vocals, Winston Tong. 07:44 01:03:26 11.   Herbie Hancock, “Rough” (1983) from Future Shock. Fairlight CMI, AlphaSyntauri, Emulator, Herbie Hancock; Background Vocals, Bernard Fowler, Grandmixer D.ST., Nicky Skopelitis, Roger Trilling; Bass, Bill Laswell; Drums, Sly Dunbar; Lead Vocals, Lamar Wright; Prophet-5, Michael Beinhorn; Turntables, Voice, Grandmixer D.ST. 06:54 01:11:00 12.   Wendy Carlos, “Genesis,” “Eden,” and “I.C. (Intergalactic Communications)” (1984) from Wendy Carlos' Digital Moonscapes. Programmed All Sounds programmed and performed on the Crumar GDS/Synergy digital synthesizer, Wendy Carlos. 15:20 01:17:50 13.   Ron Kuivila, “Household Object” (1984) from Fidelity. Casio VL toneand homemade electronics, Ron Kuivila. 09:34 01:33:20 14.   Lejaren Hiller, “Expo '85” (1985) from Computer Music Retrospective. Four short pieces highlight the versatility of the Kurzweil K250: “Circus Piece - A Cadential Process” (4:04), “Transitions - A Hierarchical Process” (2:12), “Toy Harmonium - A Statistical Process” (1:41), “Mix Or Match - A Tune Generating Process (5 Examples)” (3:44). 11:55 01:42:52 15.   Third World, “Can't Get You (Out Of My Mind)” (1985) from Sense Of Purpose. Yamaha DX7, Prophet 5, PFR Yamaha, Grand Piano Yamaha Acoustic, Organ Hammond B3, Clavinet Mohner D6, Percussion, Vocals, Michael "Ibo" Cooper; Backing Vocals, Glenn Ricks, Meekaaeel; Bass, Rhythm Guitar, Backing Vocals, Percussion, Richie "Bassie" Daley; Drums Yamaha Acoustic Drums, Electronic Drums Simmons, Drum Machine D.M.X., Drum Machine Linn Drum Machine, Percussion, Backing Vocals, Willie Stewart; Keyboards, Lead Guitar, Rhythm Guitar, Harmonica, Acoustic Guitar The Washburn Electro Acoustic, Vocals, Percussion, Stephen "Cat" Coore; Lead Vocals, Backing Vocals, Bill "Bunny Rugs" Clarke; Percussion, Neil Clarke; Percussion, Binghi Drums, Junior Wedderburn, Tschaka Tonge. 03:37 01:54:46 16.   George Todd, “Sound Sculptures” (1985) from Music For Kurzweil And Synclavier. Synclavier Digital Music System, George Todd. 09:02 01:58:22 17.   Russ Freeman, “Easter Island” (1986) from Nocturnal Playground. Electric Guitar, Acoustic Guitar, Guitar Synthesizer, Keyboard Bass, Emulator II, Linn 9000 Drum programming, Russ Freeman; Drums, Percussion, David Renick; Percussion, Emulator II programming, Steve Reid; Alto Saxophone, Brandon Fields. 05:30 02:07:22 18.   Donald Steven of G.E.M.S., “Images - Refractions Of Time And Space (1986)” from Group Of The Electronic Music Studio - McGill University. Yamaha DX7, Laurie Radford; Bass, John Oliver; Electric Flute, Jill Rothberg; Percussion, Elliot Polsky, François Gauthier. 11:42 02:12:52 19.   Jane Brockman, “Kurzweil Etudes” (1-3) (1986) from Music For Kurzweil And Synclavier. Kurzweil K250, Jane Brockman. 10:19 02:24:32 20.   Richard Burmer, “Across The View” (1987) from Western Spaces. Emulator II plus an analog synth, Richard Burmer. 04:38 02:34:48 21.   Sonny Sharrock Band, “Kate (Variations On A Theme By Kate Bush)” (1990) from Highlife.  Electronics, Korg M1, Korg Wave Station, Dave Snider; Bass, Charles Baldwin; Drums, Abe Speller, Lance Carter; Guitar, Sonny Sharrock. 05:52 02:39:32 22.   Second Decay, “Taste” (1994) from Taste. Produced with the Roland Compu Music CMU-800R workstation and without MIDI; Simmons Electronic Drums,Thomas V.. Other synths used: ARP Odyssey, ARP 2600, PPG Wave 2.0, Emulator I and II, Roland SH-101, SH-7, CR-78, TR-808, MC-4, TR-606, EMS Synthi A, Solina String, Mellotron, Crumar Performer, Teisco 110F, Wasp, Linn LM-1, SCI Pro-One, Minimoog, Korg Mono-Poly, SQ-10, Elektro Harmonix Minisynth, Vocoder and effect devices, Compact Phasing A, Roland Echos RE 201, SRE 555.  04:20 02:45:18   Additional opening, closing, and other incidental music by Thom Holmes. My Books/eBooks: Electronic and Experimental Music, sixth edition, Routledge 2020. Also, Sound Art: Concepts and Practices, first edition, Routledge 2022. See my companion blog that I write for the Bob Moog Foundation. For a transcript, please see my blog, Noise and Notations. Original music by Thom Holmes can be found on iTunes and Bandcamp.

In this solo episode of The Red Light Report, Dr. Mike explores the profound connection between mitochondrial health and oral disease. He reviews three recent studies highlighting how red light therapy, methylene blue, and compounds like urolithin A can support oral tissues, reduce inflammation, and even impact systemic conditions like diabetes and neurodegeneration. From root canal innovations to mitophagy in periodontitis, this episode is full of cutting-edge insights and practical applications for anyone interested in longevity, biohacking, or oral health optimization.Key Topics Covered:Study #1: Methylene Blue + Graphene Oxide for Root Canal Photodynamic Therapy• Combining methylene blue and reduced graphene oxide with red light therapy significantly improves antibacterial and antifungal effects in root canals.• Highlights the synergy between methylene blue and red light.• Dr. Mike shares how his nighttime routine—using BioBlue Calm and a red-light toothbrush—may create a low-level photodynamic therapy effect in the mouth.Study #2: Mitophagy in Periodontal Disease• Mitophagy (mitochondrial autophagy) plays a key role in managing inflammation, bone remodeling, and cell death in gum disease.• Key interventions to enhance oral mitophagy:• Urolithin A (strong Pink1/Parkin pathway activator)• Resveratrol, Melatonin (support mitochondrial quality)• Berberine, Curcumin, Metformin (via AMPK activation)• NR, Quercetin (via SIRT1 + PGC-1α pathway)Study #3: Mitochondrial Dysfunction Links Oral and Systemic Diseases• Periodontitis driven by mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegeneration.• Key issues:• Impaired mitochondrial fusion/fission, biogenesis, and mitophagy.• Excessive ROS and mitochondrial DNA leakage fuel inflammation.• Poor mitochondrial function impairs periodontal stem cell regeneration.• Therapeutic approaches:• Antioxidants (CoQ10, resveratrol, melatonin, curcumin, EGCG)• Photodynamic therapy (methylene blue + red light)• Mitochondria-targeted compounds to modulate apoptosis and inflammation.Dr. Mike's Takeaways• Oral mitochondrial health is foundational—not isolated from systemic health.• Red light therapy and methylene blue offer powerful synergistic effects, even in oral applications.• A mitochondria-first approach may provide long-term protection against oral and systemic disease.   If you found the information in today's episode particularly interesting and/or compelling, please share it with a family member, friend, colleague and/or anyone that you think could benefit and be illuminated by this knowledge. Sharing is caring :)As always, light up your health! - Key points: 00:00 – Introduction: Mitochondrial Health & Podcast Focus 00:32 – Announcements: Health Alchemy Bundle & Upcoming Events 06:18 – Study 1: Methylene Blue & Red Light Therapy for Root Canal Treatment 08:42 – Methylene Blue Benefits Recap 13:37 – Study 1 Discussion: Photodynamic Therapy Enhancements 16:57 – Practical Application: Methylene Blue for Oral Health 19:40 – Study 2: Mitophagy in Periodontal Disease 23:46 – Targeted Mechanisms to Enhance Mitophagy 28:42 – Study 3: Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Periodontitis & Systemic Diseases 31:38 – Therapeutic Strategies for Mitochondrial Health 41:44 – Integrative Mitochondrial Therapies 47:02 – Conclusion: Mitochondrial Dysfunction as a Core Issue 50:45 – Closing Thoughts & Upcoming Events - Articles referenced in episode:Synthesis, characterization, and application of methylene blue functionalized reduced graphene oxide for photodynamic therapy in root canal treatmentMitophagy and Its Significance in Periodontal DiseaseMitochondrial Dysfunction in Periodontitis and Associated Systemic Diseases: Implications for Pathomechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies - Get over $6,000 worth of wellness education from top experts for $50! The Health Alchemy BundleThis is an amazing opportunity put together by Carrie Bennett and Sarah Kleiner! This Bundle is collection of 60+ eBooks, courses, and other resources available for $50 at a mind-blowing 99% discount.     This massive collection of resources is rooted in the science + spirituality of healing with nature, which cover topics like: Circadian & quantum biology Mental, emotional, & spiritual health Nutrition, minerals, & supplementation (when necessary) Herbalism & homeopathy Movement, posture, & fitness Hormonal health, pregnancy, & parenting And even specific issue support—from healing autoimmunity to improving sleep, & more This is a limited opportunity that goes through TOMORROW, May 23rd, so act now and don't miss out!   Get The Health Alchemy Bundle by clicking here! - Upcoming BioLight Events:   Biohacking Conference - May 28 - 30 (Austin, TX)   Returning to Nature (Quantum Health Retreat), June 26 - 27 (Franklin, TN) - Introducing the Newest BioBlue Supplement! The most comprehensive, powerful mitochondrial support supplement on the market ...   What is The Fountain of Youth in simple terms? An unparalleled supplement for brain power, energy, and longevity This supplement is like a high-performance tune-up for your brain and body. It combines powerful natural and science-backed ingredients to help you think clearer, feel more energized, and support your long-term health.The BioBundle automatically saves you 15% on both of the supplements you choose.   For the next two weeks, SAVE 20% on your order of BioBlue Fountain of Youth! Simply use code FOY20 Code expires 5/29, midnight PST   Click here to check out BioBlue Fountain of Youth - Dr. Mike's #1 recommendations: Water products: Water & Wellness Grounding products: Earthing.com EMF-mitigating products: Somavedic Blue light-blocking glasses: Ra Optics - Stay up-to-date on social media: Dr. Mike Belkowski: Instagram LinkedIn   BioLight: Website Instagram YouTube Facebook

This episode of Two by Two was first published on 24th April 2025.Premium subscribers of The Ken have full access to ALL our premium audio. They are available exclusively via The Ken's subscriber apps. If you don't have them, just download one and log in to unlock everything. Get your premium subscription using this link.Not a Premium subscriber? You can subscribe to The Ken Premium on Apple Podcasts for an easy monthly price (Rs 299 in India). The channel includes ALL our premium podcasts.-Stage is an interesting, counter-intuitive, and extraordinary company.It's a company you've probably heard little about and know almost nothing about.Vinay Sighal, co-founder and CEO of Stage, describes it as a Netflix for Indian cultures. It is a company that's on the verge of something big. Stage is an OTT company that, in Singhal's words, offers premium, sensible content in three cultures. Yes, cultures, not languages—Haryanvi, Bhojpuri, and Rajasthani.At a time when OTT platforms and consumer content companies are figuring out how to make their business work, Stage is an outlier.It has 4.2 million subscribers and nearly 150 crores in revenue. Stage has also figured out a way to do this sustainably by reducing its burn by nearly 70% from last year to this year.In today's episode, Vinay tells the story of how Stage was created, how he built a company and lost it overnight, and how he then re-emerged from it by doing the exact opposite of all the things that brought him success earlier.He switched from advertising to subscriptions, from going for international markets to local markets and from depending on platforms like Facebook to direct distribution.To do this, he did not just have to build a company; he had to build entire movie industries. Stage is a story you must listen to if you want to understand how entrepreneurs and founders are building companies for Bharat in ways most of us cannot understand or even imagine.In this episode of Two by Two, hosts Rohin Dharmakumar and Praveen Gopal Krishnan are in discussion with Vinay Singhal, CEO and co-founder of Stage.–This episode of Two by Two was produced by Hari Krishna. Rajiv CN, our resident sound engineer, mixed and mastered this episode.If you liked this episode of Two by Two, please share it with your friends and family who would be interested in listening to the episode. And if you have more thoughts on the discussion, we'd love to hear your arguments as well. You can write to us at twobytwo@the-ken.com.

This episode was recorded in Fort Wayne, Indiana, during the 2025 Tri-State Dairy Conference. Dr. Grant gives an overview of his presentation at the conference, highlighting cow time budgets and the importance of natural cow behavior to health, welfare and productivity. The impacts of overcrowding, including rumen pH and de novo fatty acid synthesis, are a key component of his message. (7:07)Eating, resting and ruminating are the big three behaviors we've studied for decades. In addition to their obvious importance to cow welfare, they have a real health and performance effect. Dr. Grant suggests the recumbent rumination - just lying down and chewing her cud - is really the cow's superpower. Cows with the same rumination time who accomplish more while lying down have less subacute ruminal acidosis, greater dry matter intake, and higher fat and protein content in their milk. It all boils down to the balance between eating time and recumbent rumination time. (12:15)The panel discusses the definition of overcrowding. Spoiler alert: it depends. (15:50)Clay asks Rick if overcrowding of beds or feed bunks is more important. The easy answer is both, but Rick acknowledges he'd say beds if he were pushed for an answer. Resting is a yes or no; she's either lying down or she's not. From the feed bunk perspective, a cow can alter her behavior to a point for adjusting to overcrowding - eat faster, change her meal patterns, etc. A hungry cow will walk by the feed to recoup lost rest time. Cows should be comfortable enough to spend at least 90% of their rumination time lying down. (17:50)Dr. Grant thinks of overcrowding as a subclinical stressor. A cow has different “accounts” for different activities: lactation, health, reproduction, etc., as well as a reserve account. To combat the subclinical stress of overcrowding, a cow uses her reserve account, but that's hard to measure. If the reserve account gets depleted and another stressor comes along, the overcrowded pens are going to show greater impacts. The panel brainstormed ideas for how to better measure a cow's reserve account. (19:39)Clays asks if overcrowding is affecting culling rates. The panel assumes it has to be, though no one can point to a study. Dr. Grant notes there is data from France that shows decreased longevity in cows who don't get enough rest, which is a hallmark of overcrowding. Given the low heifer inventory, the panel muses if the industry ought to pay more attention to the culling impacts of overcrowding and have a more dynamic approach to evaluating stocking density as market and farm conditions shift. (25:10)Bill asks about nutritional and management strategies to reduce the stress of overcrowding. Rick notes that overcrowding tends to make the rumen a bit more touchy, so he talks about formulating diets with appropriate amounts of physically effective fiber, undigested NDF, rumen-fermentable starch, and particle size. (29:21)Dr. Grant talks about the differences in rumination when a cow is lying down versus standing. The panel discusses cow comfort, preferred stalls, and first-calf heifer behavior in mixed-age groups with and without overcrowding. Bill and Rick agree that having a separate pen for first-calf heifers on overcrowded farms would benefit those heifers. Dr. Michael comments on evaluating air flow and venting on-farm. (33:49)The panel wraps up the episode with their take-home thoughts. (47:55)Scott invites the audience to Bourbon and Brainiacs at ADSA in Louisville - a bourbon tasting with all your favorite professors! Sign up here: https://balchem.com/anh/bourbon/ (52:02)The paper referenced in this conversation from Dr. Bach can be found here: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030208711226Please subscribe and share with your industry friends to invite more people to join us at the Real Science Exchange virtual pub table.  If you want one of our Real Science Exchange t-shirts, screenshot your rating, review, or subscription, and email a picture to anh.marketing@balchem.com. Include your size and mailing address, and we'll mail you a shirt.

I, Stewart Alsop, welcomed Woody Wiegmann to this episode of Crazy Wisdom, where we explored the fascinating and sometimes unsettling landscape of Artificial Intelligence. Woody, who is deeply involved in teaching AI, shared his insights on everything from the US-China AI race to the radical transformations AI is bringing to education and society at large.Check out this GPT we trained on the conversationTimestamps01:17 The AI "Cold War": Discussing the intense AI development race between China and the US.03:04 Opaque Models & Education's Resistance: The challenge of opaque AI and schools lagging in adoption.05:22 AI Blocked in Schools: The paradox of teaching AI while institutions restrict access.08:08 Crossing the AI Rubicon: How AI users are diverging from non-users into different realities.09:00 Budgetary Constraints in AI Education: The struggle for resources like premium AI access for students.12:45 Navigating AI Access for Students: Woody's ingenious workarounds for the premium AI divide.19:15 Igniting Curiosity with AI: Students creating impressive projects, like catapult websites.27:23 Exploring Grok and AI Interaction: Debating IP concerns and engaging with AI ("Morpheus").46:19 AI's Societal Impact: AI girlfriends, masculinity, and the erosion of traditional skills.Key InsightsThe AI Arms Race: Woody highlights a "cold war of nerdiness" where China is rapidly developing AI models comparable to GPT-4 at a fraction of the cost. This competition raises questions about data transparency from both sides and the strategic implications of superintelligence.Education's AI Resistance: I, Stewart Alsop, and Woody discuss the puzzling resistance to AI within educational institutions, including outright blocking of AI tools. This creates a paradox where courses on AI are taught in environments that restrict its use, hindering practical learning for students.Diverging Realities: We explore how individuals who have crossed the "Rubicon" of AI adoption are now living in a vastly different world than those who haven't. This divergence is akin to past technological shifts but is happening at an accelerated pace, impacting how people learn, work, and perceive reality.The Fading Relevance of Traditional Coding: Woody argues that focusing on teaching traditional coding languages like Python is becoming outdated in the age of advanced AI. AI can handle much of the detailed coding, shifting the necessary skills towards understanding AI systems, effective prompting, and higher-level architecture.AI as the Ultimate Tutor: The advent of AI offers the potential for personalized, one-on-one tutoring for everyone, a far more effective learning method than traditional classroom lectures. However, this potential is hampered by institutional inertia and a lack of resources for tools like premium AI subscriptions for students.Curiosity as the AI Catalyst: Woody shares anecdotes of students, even those initially disengaged, whose eyes light up when using AI for creative projects, like designing websites on niche topics such as catapults. This demonstrates AI's power to ignite curiosity and intrinsic motivation when paired with focused goals and the ability to build.AI's Impact on Society and Skills: We touch upon the broader societal implications, including the rise of AI girlfriends addressing male loneliness and providing acceptance. Simultaneously, there's concern over the potential atrophy of critical skills like writing and debate if individuals overly rely on AI for summarization and opinion generation without deep engagement.Contact Information*   Twitter/X: @RulebyPowerlaw*   Listeners can search for Woody Wiegmann's podcast "Courage over convention" *   LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/in/dataovernarratives/

This episode of Two by Two was first published on 17th April 2025.Premium subscribers of The Ken have full access to ALL our premium audio. They are available exclusively via The Ken's subscriber apps. If you don't have them, just download one and log in to unlock everything. Get your premium subscription using this link.Not a Premium subscriber? You can subscribe to The Ken Premium on Apple Podcasts for an easy monthly price (Rs 299 in India). The channel includes ALL our premium podcasts.-Today's episode is about something you wouldn't have heard of – search funds. Initially, we thought this would be something arcane and boring, but the more we read about it, the more it started to sound like an arrangement that sounds too good to be true.Search funds invert and twist all our conventional ideas of how people start, build, scale and fund businesses in India. It's an old model that has been somewhat popular in more developed markets and is just starting to get some traction in India. For the tens of thousands of small and medium businesses in India that have achieved a level of success and want to go to the next level, the answer may just be…search funds. This episode is about a model that's full of contradictions. It's about entrepreneurs who aren't founders. It's about VCs who spend the first few years raising money and then spend the next few years actually running the business they raise money for. It's also about operators who decide first that they want to become CEOs and then search for the companies they are going to lead.And plot twist…all of these are the same person.And in today's episode, we have two wonderful guests who are here to tell us how they're doing this.Anurag Sinha is the Managing Partner at Milestone Search Capital, one of the pioneers of the Search Fund model, and his bio says, “Looking to buy a great business”.Anurag's journey as a business leader began with entrepreneurship at the age of 17, where he spent his formative years building ventures across Healthcare, Consumer Tech, and Retail.In his latest role, Anurag was the CEO of Raam Group, an automotive retail conglomerate in India. Anurag oversaw businesses generating a topline of $100 million and managing a workforce of over 800 people. With over 12 years of experience spanning entrepreneurship, rapid-scale startups, and leadership roles in traditional business models, Anurag is now embarking on a new chapter: acquiring and scaling a promising business.Anurag holds an MBA from INSEAD, where he studied across both the France and Singapore campuses. Prior to that, he earned a B.Com (Hons) from Delhi University.Rehan Netarwala is the founder and managing partner at Okintek Capital, where he's looking for an SME business to grow and scale. His bio says, “Looking for a great SME business to acquire and grow”.Prior to starting Okintek Capital, Rehan was the co-founder of Savage and Palmer, where he helped SME entrepreneurs run and scale their businesses with our wide range of solutions right from Digital Marketing to Accounting & Taxation. Rehan is a graduate of the Indian School of Business and has a B.E. from Mumbai University.In this week's episode of Two by Two, co-hosts Rohin Dharmakumar and Praveen Gopal Krishnan sit down with Anurag Sinha and Rehan Netarwala to break down why and how search funds do what they do.Welcome to episode 38 of Two by Two.–Get you tickets here – https://the-ken.com/event/building-unique-career-lattices/–First Principles is back with a new season.Listen to the first episode with Vidit Aatrey, co-founder and CEO of Meesho – https://the-ken.com/podcasts/first-principles/vidit-aatrey-on-building-a-problem-first-mindset-into-meeshos-culture/–This episode of Two by Two was produced by Hari Krishna. Rajiv CN, our resident sound engineer, mixed and mastered this episode.If you liked this episode of Two by Two, please share it with your friends and family who would be interested in listening to the episode. And if you have more thoughts on the discussion, we'd love to hear your arguments as well. You can write to us at twobytwo@the-ken.com.

This episode was recorded in Reno, Nevada, during the 2025 Western Dairy Management Conference. The panel is reviewing a presentation given by Dr. Rick Grant, who was unable to be on the podcast. The presentation was based on the idea that crowding is a subclinical presence. If you manage it with people and resources, a dairy can do very well. But if something happens in that crowded situation, like a disease or heat stress, it can tip performance over the edge. Evaluating time budgets for cows can allow for the identification of places to improve. Beds are vitally important. If a cow doesn't have a bed due to crowding then she's not lying down, chewing her cud, which is what allows her to be as efficient as possible. (3:19)Jason thinks about time budgets as a tool for managing stress. Jim agrees and notes that crowding is part of every cow's day, but we can manage to minimize that time in most instances. Jason and Jim talk about some of their approaches to evaluating crowding when they work with a dairy, and where pain points are often located. (5:57)Jason liked Dr. Grant's takeaway message that the cow doesn't necessarily care she's overcrowded as long as she has a bed she doesn't have to fight for and room at the feed bunk she doesn't have to fight for. He describes a very successful client who is overcrowded, but everything else is managed well. All other stressors have been removed, so the only stressor remaining is the overcrowding. But when additional stressors compound crowding, then dairies experience issues. He adds there is a huge opportunity for error when feeding to slick bunks in an overcrowding situation. (16:15)Jim talks about different measures of efficiency. Is it milk per cow, milk per free stall, milk per parlor stall, or milk per pen? He thinks the real answer is “it depends,” and the answer might be different for each dairy. Jason notes that the bank wants to see assets on a balance sheet, and the cows are the assets. (19:24)The group discusses geographical differences in overcrowding. Jim's observations show crowding increases as one moves east in the US. Tom agrees and notes 20-30% of the available stalls are in his part of the world. Overcrowded cows eat faster, and this impacts rumen efficiency, probably leading to lower de novo fatty acid synthesis and overall lower components. The panel talks about whether or not there is such a thing as an “overcrowding ration.”(20:59)The panel relays some real-world examples of crowding where dairies would cull cows to decrease milk production, but production would remain the same because the cows were now less crowded. They talk more about other management strategies that need to be on point if a dairy is going to overcrowd. (27:50)The panel wraps up with their take-home thoughts for dairy producers and nutritionists. Jim and Jason share their contact information with the audience. (38:20)Scott invites the audience to Bourbon and Brainiacs at ADSA in Louisville - a bourbon tasting with all your favorite professors! Sign up here: https://balchem.com/anh/bourbon/ (45:02)The paper referenced in this conversation from Dr. Bach can be found here: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030208711226Please subscribe and share with your industry friends to invite more people to join us at the Real Science Exchange virtual pub table.  If you want one of our Real Science Exchange t-shirts, screenshot your rating, review, or subscription, and email a picture to anh.marketing@balchem.com. Include your size and mailing address, and we'll mail you a shirt

94% of advertisers are concerned about how tariffs might impact their budgets according to an IAB survey. Of those planning cuts, 60% expect a 6-10% decrease in ad spend, while 22% anticipate cuts of 11-20%.This week, Elena, Angela, and Rob explore what the research says about marketing during economic downturns. They discuss how brands that maintain or increase spending during tough times consistently gain market share, why creative thinking matters more than ever, and the smartest ways to adjust your strategy if budget cuts are unavoidable.Topics covered: [01:00] Current economic landscape and marketer uncertainty[05:00] Predicted impact of tariffs on US media ad spending[07:00] Research showing companies that increased ad spend by 50% during recession saw 1.5% market share growth[09:00] Creative marketing examples from economic downturns[13:00] Ways to reduce marketing spend without damaging your brand[17:30] Where to double down if you have available budget[21:00] Finding personal comfort rituals during uncertain times  To learn more, visit marketingarchitects.com/podcast or subscribe to our newsletter at marketingarchitects.com/newsletter.  Resources:  Tellis, Gerard & Tellis, Kethan. (2009). A Critical Review and Synthesis of Research on Advertising in a Recession. Journal of Advertising Research. 49. 10.2501/S0021849909090400. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228272297_A_Critical_Review_and_Synthesis_of_Research_on_Advertising_in_a_Recession   Get more research-backed marketing strategies by subscribing to The Marketing Architects on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or wherever you listen to podcasts. 

In 2010, the Association for Information Systems formed a special interest group () to nurture an international community of academics that study the role of digital technologies in fostering environmentally, economically and socially sustainable development. Fifteen years later, we sit down with , the current SIGGreen president, to reflect on the progress we have made. What do we know about how digital technologies help greening our planet? What efforts in empirical, theoretical, and design work is still needed? Is our role to understand the role of digital technologies or do we need to push and enact change ourselves? We conclude that environmental questions and problems are now firmly on the radar screen of our discipline but more work needs to be done for information systems academics to transform the way we think about and use digital technologies.  Episode reading list Corbett, J., & Mellouli, S. (2017). Winning the SDG Battle in Cities: How an Integrated Information Ecosystem can Contribute to the Achievement of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. Information Systems Journal, 27(4), 427-461. Seidel, S., Recker, J., & vom Brocke, J. (2013). Sensemaking and Sustainable Practicing: Functional Affordances of Information Systems in Green Transformations. MIS Quarterly, 37(4), 1275-1299. Hasan, H., Ghose, A., & Spedding, T. (2009). Editorial for the Special Issue on IT and Climate Change. Australasian Journal of Information Systems, 16(2), 19-21. Watson, R. T., Corbett, J., Boudreau, M.-C., & Webster, J. (2011). An Information Strategy for Environmental Sustainability. Communications of the ACM, 55(7), 28-30. Jenkin, T. A., Webster, J., & McShane, L. (2011). An Agenda for 'Green' Information Technology and Systems Research. Information and Organization, 21(1), 17-40. Watson, R. T., Boudreau, M.-C., & Chen, A. J. (2010). Information Systems and Environmentally Sustainable Development:  Energy Informatics and New Directions for the IS Community. MIS Quarterly, 34(1), 23-38. Elliot, S. (2011). Transdisciplinary Perspectives on Environmental Sustainability: A Resource Base and Framework for IT-Enabled Business Transformation. MIS Quarterly, 35(1), 197-236. Kahlen, M., Ketter, W., & van Dalen, J. (2018). Electric Vehicle Virtual Power Plant Dilemma: Grid Balancing Versus Customer Mobility. Production and Operations Management, 27(11), 2054-2070. Gholami, R., Watson, R. T., Hasan, H., Molla, A., & Bjørn-Andersen, N. (2016). Information Systems Solutions for Environmental Sustainability: How Can We Do More? Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 17(8), 521-536. Corbett, J., & El Idrissi, S. C. (2022). Persuasion, Information Technology, and the Environmental Citizen: An Empirical Study of the Persuasion Effectiveness of City Applications. Government Information Quarterly, 39(4), 101757. Degirmenci, K., & Recker, J. (2023). Breaking Bad Habits: A Field Experiment About How Routinized Work Practices Can Be Made More Eco-efficient Through IS for Sensemaking. Information & Management, 60(4), 103778. Zeiss, R., Ixmeier, A., Recker, J., & Kranz, J. (2021). Mobilising Information Systems Scholarship For a Circular Economy: Review, Synthesis, and Directions For Future Research. Information Systems Journal, 31(1), 148-183. Haudenosaunee Confederacy. (2025). Values. . The Stakeholder Alignment Collaborative. (2025). The Consortia Century: Aligning for Impact. Oxford University Press. Hovorka, D. and Corbett, J. (2012) IS Sustainability Research: A trans-disciplinary framework for a ‘grand challenge”. 33rd International Conference on Information Systems, Orlando, Florida. Hovorka, D. S., & Peter, S. (2021). Speculatively Engaging Future(s): Four Theses. MIS Quarterly, 45(1), 461-466. Gümüsay, A. A., & Reinecke, J. (2024). Imagining Desirable Futures: A Call for Prospective Theorizing with Speculative Rigour. Organization Theory, 5(1), . Kotlarsky, J., Oshri, I., & Sekulic, N. (2023). Digital Sustainability in Information Systems Research: Conceptual Foundations and Future Directions. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 24(4), 936-952. Gray, P., Lyytinen, K., Saunders, C., Willcocks, L. P., Watson, R. T., & Zwass, V. (2006). How Shall We Manage Our Journals in the Future?  A Discussion of Richard T. Watson's Proposals at ICIS 2004. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 18(14), 2-41. Saldanha, T. J. V., Mithas, S., Khuntia, J., Whitaker, J., & Melville, N. P. (2022). How Green Information Technology Standards and Strategies Influence Performance: Role of Environment, Cost, and Dual Focus. MIS Quarterly, 46(4), 2367-2386. Leidner, D. E., Sutanto, J., & Goutas, L. (2022). Multifarious Roles and Conflicts on an Inter-Organizational Green IS. MIS Quarterly, 46(1), 591-608. Wunderlich, P., Veit, D. J., & Sarker, S. (2019). Adoption of Sustainable Technologies: A Mixed-Methods Study of German Households. MIS Quarterly, 43(2), 673-691. Melville, N. P. (2010). Information Systems Innovation for Environmental Sustainability. MIS Quarterly, 34(1), 1-21. Edwards, P. N. (2013). A Vast Machine. MIT Press. Meadows, D. H., Meadows, D. L., Randers, J., & Behrens, W. W. (1972). The Limits to Growth: A Report for the Club of Rome's Project on the Predicament of Mankind. Universe Books. Over the Hedge. (2006). . McPhearson, T., Raymond, C. M., Gulsrud, N., Albert, C., Coles, N., Fagerholm, N., Nagatsu, M., Olafsson, A. S., Niko, S., & Vierikko, K. (2021). Radical Changes are Needed for Transformations to a Good Anthropocene. npj Urban Sustainability, 1(5), .   

All professional learning occurs when teachers try things in their classroom and iterate to make it better. We reflect on the importance of articulating aspirational goals and supporting teachers as they iterate toward their goals as on-going professional development. Later, we grapple with how research on the impact of educational technology cannot exist outside of the instructional context. What problem does any given technology help teachers solve, and how effectively does it help teachers solve it?

This episode of Two by Two was first published on 10th April 2025.Premium subscribers of The Ken have full access to ALL our premium audio. They are available exclusively via The Ken's subscriber apps. If you don't have them, just download one and log in to unlock everything. Get your premium subscription using this link.You can also subscribe to The Ken Premium on Apple Podcasts for an easy monthly price (Rs 299 in India). The channel includes ALL our premium podcasts. -US President Donald Trump's mission to make America great again has seen him do things that most politicians, with their tall claims and promises, confidently assure but compromise on once in power. Trump, in his second term, has gone all in with his convictions.The latest announcement from the US President is that he's pausing the tariff increase he had imposed on most of America's trading partners who did not retaliate in response with their own tariff increase for the next 90 days. Most trading partners, apart from China, on whom Trump has imposed a tariff increase of another 21%, now.This pause might mean momentary relief, but it doesn't change the bigger picture much for India, whose position to negotiate isn't as advantageous as that of some of the other US trading partners.In a slightly different episode of Two by Two, hosts Rohin Dharmakumar and Praveen Gopal Krishnan discuss what the picture now looks like for India and the world with Mohit Satyanand, entrepreneur, investor, and economy-watcher. Tune in for a discussion on what's been going on underneath all the noise and alarm over the past week.–Additional reading:Get your hands bloody – https://substack.com/home/post/p-160712298 (Latest edition of Mohit's newsletter)–This episode of Two by Two was produced by Hari Krishna. Rajiv CN, our resident sound engineer, mixed and mastered this episode.If you liked this episode of Two by Two, please share it with your friends and family who would be interested in listening to the episode. And if you have more thoughts on the discussion, we'd love to hear your arguments as well. You can write to us at twobytwo@the-ken.com.

You've surely heard of the term of the term enshittification? In case you haven't, it was coined by blogger and journalist Cory Doctorow. He defined it as the pattern in which online products and services decline in quality over time.This decline or decay has started to show in Indian Consumer tech products as well, resulting in an experience for customers that is much worse than what was promised. From seemingly unharmful dark patterns to unnecessary cross-selling, the spectrum lies wide sour digital experiences for a customer today.And why they're doing this is quite simple.These products first got your trust and managed to delight you by delivering on their promise. Then, they made that promise available for a price. Fair enough, if it's good, then surely the promise has a price you should be willing to pay. Now, we seem to have arrived at a point where they're asking more to deliver that same promise. They want to extract more money from a customer's wallet. What forces them to do so becomes the next question.This enshittening and many more ways in which many of the platforms we use have aged badly was the core of the discussion in this week's episode of Two by Two. Joining hosts Rohin Dharmakumar and Praveen Gopal Krishnan are Aditya Suresh, head of India equity research at Macquarie, and Abhishek Madan, ex-VP of Product at Paytm*Aditya brought the market's perspective to the discussion with his sharp insights, how the experience could be different based on whether a company is public or private, and what gets talked about in both contexts. Abhishek, in his third time on the podcast, added the flavour by explaining why and how the platform decay came about.Welcome to episode 36 of Two by Two.–Help us find interesting women guests by filling out this survey – https://theken.typeform.com/to/KH0EOLGo–Listen to the episode trailer available on all podcast streaming platorms:  Spotify | Apple Podcasts | Amazon Music | Youtube–Additional reading:Enshittification is coming for absolutely everything – https://www.ft.com/content/6fb1602d-a08b-4a8c-bac0-047b7d64aba5Phonepe spent millions to rival Policybazaar. Its users couldn't care less – https://the-ken.com/story/phonepe-spent-millions-to-rival-policybazaar-its-users-couldnt-care-less/Swiggy needs to reclaim its past glory – https://the-ken.com/newsletters/two-by-two/swiggy-needs-to-reclaim-its-past-glory/How will Ola and Uber avoid ‘death by a thousand cuts'? – https://the-ken.com/newsletters/two-by-two/how-will-ola-and-uber-avoid-death-by-a-thousand-cuts/First, Cult.fit's group classes got everyone's attention. Now “Cult injuries” do – https://the-ken.com/newsletters/two-by-two/how-will-ola-and-uber-avoid-death-by-a-thousand-cuts/Additional listening:Should you invest the first two years of your career in strategy consulting? – https://the-ken.com/podcasts/two-by-two/should-you-invest-the-first-two-years-of-your-career-doing-strategy-consulting/How will Ola and Uber avoid ‘death by a thousand cuts'? – https://the-ken.com/podcasts/two-by-two/how-will-ola-and-uber-avoid-death-by-a-thousand-cuts/Swiggy needs to reclaim its past glory – https://the-ken.com/podcasts/two-by-two/swiggy-needs-to-reclaim-its-past-glory/–This episode of Two by Two was produced by Hari Krishna. Rajiv CN, our resident sound engineer, mixed and mastered this episode.If you liked this episode of Two by Two, please share it with your friends and family who would be interested in listening to the episode. And if you have more examples of enshittification, do tell us about them. You can write to us at twobytwo@the-ken.com.

“The future of consultants is intricately linked to the future of consulting”That's what one of the guests had to say about the future of consultants and the promise of consulting careers.Being a consultant at any of the big three consulting firms—McKinsey & Company, Bain & Company, and Boston Consulting Group(BCG)—meant one thing: The opportunity to work on cutting-edge projects with big, innovative companies. It allowed the people who worked at these companies to have career opportunities, which would allow them to be prepared for even more challenging and rewarding roles in the world of startups.The accelerated learning, prestige, community and great pay packages that these companies offered ensured the best talent lined up to work for them.The first two years of a career in consulting are gruelling, demanding and difficult and often involve “low-value work”, like making presentations, data analysis and sending requests for proposals to really annoying clients.However, people still rush and fight to do it with the expectation that the payoffs compound later. It gives them a broader view of how companies work and operate.It acts as a training ground for building startups and laterally jumping into senior executive roles at fast-growing companies or even going higher up the consulting ladder.Today, that trade-off equation looks a bit distorted for students because it's never been easier to start a company.It's also been very easy to find post-MBA roles in companies that are more strategic in nature, and ESOPs look much more real and valuable because companies are going public.So the question becomes: Will students continue to chase consulting firms as a lucrative and promising career option? And does a career in consulting hold the same promises as it used to?Joining hosts Praveen Gopal Krishnan and Rohin Dharmakumar for the episode are Rahul Chaudhary, co-founder of Treebo, ex-McKinsey & Company and Pragya Batra, co-founder of Quirksmith, ex-Bain & Company.Welcome to episode 35 of Two by Two.–Help us find interesting women guests by filling out this survey – https://theken.typeform.com/to/KH0EOLGo–Additional listening:If B-schools were invented today, would students run placements? – https://the-ken.com/podcasts/two-by-two/if-b-schools-were-invented-today-would-students-run-placements/AI comes to annihilate India's SaaS companies – https://the-ken.com/podcasts/two-by-two/ai-comes-to-annihilate-indias-saas-companies/–This episode of Two by Two was produced by Hari Krishna. Rajiv CN, our resident sound engineer, mixed and mastered this episode.If you liked this episode of Two by Two, please share it with your friends and family who would be interested in listening to the episode. And if you have more thoughts on the discussion, we'd love to hear your arguments as well. You can write to us at twobytwo@the-ken.com.

FREE! CRNA School Interview Prep Guide: https://www.cspaedu.com/uc9a5ih4   Have you ever wondered why your patient becomes tachycardic during intubation—or hypotensive when the surgeon hasn't even made an incision yet? These aren't just random fluctuations. They're signals from the autonomic nervous system—and as a future CRNA, being able to interpret them can mean the difference between chasing vital signs and anticipating them.   If you're serious about anesthesia, understanding the autonomic nervous system (ANS) isn't optional—it's essential. The ANS influences everything from anesthetic depth to hemodynamic management, and mastering its functions gives you a clinical edge both in school and in the OR.   Here's what you'll learn: The difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems Why understanding ANS function is crucial for interpreting anesthetic depth and hemodynamic trends How neurotransmitters like norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, and acetylcholine influence receptor activity The physiology of alpha, beta, and muscarinic receptors and how they guide pharmacologic decisions Real-world clinical examples that connect ANS theory to intraoperative decision-making Why the adrenal medulla plays a key role in the body's fight-or-flight response How this knowledge directly applies to your future practice and board exams   In this special episode, Dr. Sass Elisha—a nationally recognized anesthesia educator and co-founder of The Nurse Anesthesia—walks you through the complex world of the ANS in a way that's practical, clear, and rooted in real-life anesthesia scenarios.   By the end of this episode, you'll not only understand the “yin and yang” of autonomic balance—you'll be able to predict and respond to patient responses like a seasoned provider. This is foundational knowledge that will serve you from the classroom to the OR.   As Dr. Elisha would say, "It's go time!"   Want Guaranteed CRNA School Admission? Learn More about the CSPA 12-Month Intensive Here: https://www.cspaedu.com/meblfkto   Get access to application & interview preparation resources plus ICU Educational Workshops that have helped thousands of nurses accelerate their CRNA success. Become a member of CRNA School Prep Academy: https://cspaedu.com/join   Get CRNA School insights sent straight to your inbox! Sign up for the CSPA email newsletter: https://www.cspaedu.com/podcast-email   Book a mock interview, resume or personal statement critique, transcript review and more: www.teachrn.com   Learn More about The Nurse Anesthesia, get Free Crisis Checklists and more: www.TheNurseAnesthesia.com

You could, in many ways, picture India's tech businesses venturing into the global stage in waves. First, there were the services companies. Your Wipros and Infosys and the like. Then, startups such as Zomato, Oyo, and Ola took their shot. The third wave was headlined by SaaS companies like Zoho and Freshworks. What does the fourth wave look like? What does the future hold for companies making the jump? This week's episode of Two by Two was our attempt to answer some of those questions. Our guests for the podcast ended up adding quite a bit more. Mohit Kumar is founder and CEO of Ultrahuman, best known for its smart rings which compete with the likes of Oura and Samsung, but also offering a wide range of other devices and products for health-conscious buyers.Lal Chand Bisu is the co-founder and CEO of Kuku FM, a mobile-first premium audio platform hosting content in multiple Indian languages.Two very different companies, with one bold bet in common: they chose to take their products global. Welcome to episode 34 of Two by Two.–Book your tickets for The Ken's first subscriber event – https://the-ken.com/event/beyond-the-first-order/–Additional reading:Kuku FM chooses not to be the hero in its own storyPocket FM had 10 million listeners in India. Yet it hit pay dirt elsewhere–This episode of Two by Two was produced by Hari Krishna. Rajiv CN, our resident sound engineer, mixed and mastered this episode.If you liked this episode of Two by Two, please share it with your friends and family who would be interested in listening to the episode. And if you have more thoughts on the discussion, we'd love to hear your arguments as well. You can write to us at twobytwo@the-ken.com.

FREE! CRNA School Interview Prep Guide: https://www.cspaedu.com/uc9a5ih4Have you ever wondered why your patient becomes tachycardic during intubation—or hypotensive when the surgeon hasn't even made an incision yet? These aren't just random fluctuations. They're signals from the autonomic nervous system—and as a future CRNA, being able to interpret them can mean the difference between chasing vital signs and anticipating them.If you're serious about anesthesia, understanding the autonomic nervous system (ANS) isn't optional—it's essential. The ANS influences everything from anesthetic depth to hemodynamic management, and mastering its functions gives you a clinical edge both in school and in the OR.Here's what you'll learn:The difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systemsWhy understanding ANS function is crucial for interpreting anesthetic depth and hemodynamic trendsHow neurotransmitters like norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, and acetylcholine influence receptor activityThe physiology of alpha, beta, and muscarinic receptors and how they guide pharmacologic decisionsReal-world clinical examples that connect ANS theory to intraoperative decision-makingWhy the adrenal medulla plays a key role in the body's fight-or-flight responseHow this knowledge directly applies to your future practice and board examsIn this special episode, Dr. Sass Elisha—a nationally recognized anesthesia educator and co-founder of The Nurse Anesthesia—walks you through the complex world of the ANS in a way that's practical, clear, and rooted in real-life anesthesia scenarios.By the end of this episode, you'll not only understand the “yin and yang” of autonomic balance—you'll be able to predict and respond to patient responses like a seasoned provider. This is foundational knowledge that will serve you from the classroom to the OR.As Dr. Elisha would say, "It's go time!"Want Guaranteed CRNA School Admission? Learn More about the CSPA 12-Month Intensive Here: https://www.cspaedu.com/meblfkto Get access to application & interview preparation resources plus ICU Educational Workshops that have helped thousands of nurses accelerate their CRNA success. Become a member of CRNA School Prep Academy: https://cspaedu.com/joinGet CRNA School insights sent straight to your inbox! Sign up for the CSPA email newsletter: https://www.cspaedu.com/podcast-emailBook a mock interview, resume or personal statement critique, transcript review and more: www.teachrn.comLearn More about The Nurse Anesthesia, get Free Crisis Checklists and more: www.TheNurseAnesthesia.comGet into CRNA School- Guaranteed! Start the CSPA 12-Month Intensive Today! Click Here: https://www.cspaedu.com/meblfkto

Free-range eggs and chicken have been gaining popularity for a while. The practices involved in producing and raising them are considered more humane. The market for humane meat has been growing slowly but steadily. Reports suggest that a majority of the country eats eggs, chicken, or meat. Shouldn't we care about how the animals that reach our plates are raised and killed? It's not a question with easy answers.Today, consumers are becoming more aware of the conditions in which the eggs and meat they consume are produced. They are making a conscious choice to seek out spaces that treat these animals well before they become a means of our sustenance.Should meat and fish eaters be willing to pay a premium to ensure the animals that we consume – or whose products we consume – are treated as ethically and humanely as possible? How big is this market? How fast is it growing? How should we think about it? Or should we take the lazy route and laugh it off as an oxymoron?Episode 33 of Two by Two, hosted by Rohin Dharmakumar and Praveen Gopal Krishnan, aimed to find an answer and explain how it makes sense.And they were joined by four wonderful guests for the discussion.Our first guest is Dineshkumar Shanmugam, the co-founder and CEO of Earthy Origins, a Tamil Nadu-based farm-to-table startup that grows, raises, and sells organic food products and ethically raised chickens and free-range eggs.Our second guest is Sandeep Reddy, the CEO of India Animal Fund, a nonprofit that brings together a diverse mix of leaders from the corporate and animal welfare sectors to take a strategic look at ending all forms of animal harm. They believe that doing the most good means minimising the suffering of the most vulnerable, that is, animals. Our third guest is K Vijay, the Bengaluru-based founder of another meat startup, Meatright.Our final guest is Shan Kadavil, co-founder and CEO of Freshtohome, one of the leading online sellers of meat and fish in India. We've interviewed Shan for First Principles, The Ken's leadership podcast. His clarity of thought around setting up and scaling an online meat business in India was amazing. You should listen to it if you haven't.–Additional reading:Famine, affluence and morality – https://rintintin.colorado.edu/~vancecd/phil308/Singer2.pdfFood, a question of ethics – 5 principles of ethical eating – https://kindredmedia.org/2007/09/food-a-question-of-ethics-5-principles-of-ethical-eating/Animals and choices – https://the-ken.com/newsletter/first-principles/animals-and-choices/How many Indians eat meat? – https://www.thehindu.com/data/data-how-many-indians-eat-meat/article65299234.eceAdditional listening:Shan Kadavil of Freshtohome on selling fish, building moats, encouraging bottom-up “shots on goal”, and being honest with boards – https://the-ken.com/podcasts/first-principles/shan-kadavil-fresh-to-home/Peter Singer – The ethics of what we eat – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UHzwqf_JkrA–Help us find interesting women guests by filling out this survey – https://theken.typeform.com/to/KH0EOLGo–This episode of Two by Two was researched and produced by Hari Krishna. Rajiv CN, our resident sound engineer, mixed and mastered this episode.If you liked this episode of Two by Two, please share it with your friends and family who would be interested in listening to the episode. And if you have more thoughts on the discussion, we'd love to hear your arguments as well. You can write to us at twobytwo@the-ken.com.

There's a war for succession going on. Who gets to become the new television?There are two challengers. The first challenger is Youtube.According to Neal Mohan, YouTube CEO, TV screens have officially overtaken mobile as the quote, primary device for YouTube viewing in the US.It is, as Mohan writes in his annual letter from the CEO, an indication that YouTube is the new television.It's interactive and includes things like shorts, podcasts, and live streams alongside sports, sitcoms, and talk shows that people already love.It is getting there organically by adding things like memberships, monetisation tools, partner programs, and super chats, and it's letting creators play with them to create content that takes eyeballs away from linear television.On the other hand, there are streaming companies like Netflix and Jiohotstar, who also want to become the successor for new television, and they do it by owning and producing exclusive content and IP such as live sports, Disney, Marvel, HBO, and a whole lot more.All of this came to a head a couple of days back after Jiohotstar live-streamed its Mahashivratri event. It had a lot of the same elements as Youtube live events.Viewers could switch between temple feeds, listen to mythological narratives or engage in real-time chanting and live Q&A sessions, transforming passive viewing into active participation.Jio Hotstar is redefining live streaming by making shared cultural moments more immersive.To discuss this, hosts Praveen Gopal Krishnan and Rohin Dharmakumar invited two wonderful guests.Our first guest is Swati Mohan, the ex-head of marketing at Netflix India. She's also an independent advisor to many consumer tech companies. She's led large business verticals and has had leadership roles in media companies such as GroupM, Nat Geo, and many others across India and APAC.And our second guest is Vanita Kohli-Khandekar. She is an India-based media specialist and a contributing editor for Business Standard, where she has written about media and the business of media for over two decades.She also writes for Singapore-based Content Asia. The Media Room, her podcast on all things media and entertainment, is hosted on The Core. She has also authored the authoritative book on India's media landscape titled The Indian Media Business.In this episode, we discuss which of these two contenders will become new television.What will YouTube do, and how will it get there? What will streaming companies do, and how will they get there?Welcome to episode 32 of Two by Two.– – –Additional reading:Jiohotstar is not contentThe 'linearisation' of streaming: How OTTs are becoming more like TVAdditional listening:Netflix and its last growth market– – –What you listened to is just the first 30 minutes of the conversation. If you'd like to listen to the full episode, you can do so by becoming a Premium subscriber to The Ken or by subscribing to Two by Two on Apple Podcasts via a separate standalone subscription.This episode of Two by Two was produced by Hari Krishna. Rajiv CN, our resident sound engineer, mixed and mastered this episode.If you liked this episode of Two by Two, please share it with your friends and family who would be interested in listening to the episode. And if you have more thoughts on the discussion, we'd love to hear your arguments as well. You can write to us at twobytwo@the-ken.com.

Ep. 73- Second Synthesis Welcome listeners to 5 Questions: A Critical Mass for the Visual Arts Podcast in which we ask 5 questions of our interviewees aimed at positioning and contextualizing their respective bodies of work within the St. Louis artworld. This episode we're doing a little something different. Brett, Sarah and I chat about […]

You've surely heard of the term of the term enshittification? In case you haven't, it was coined by blogger and journalist Cory Doctorow. He defined it as the pattern in which online products and services decline in quality over time.This decline or decay has started to show in Indian Consumer tech products as well, resulting in an experience for customers that is much worse than what was promised. From seemingly unharmful dark patterns to unnecessary cross-selling, the spectrum lies wide sour digital experiences for a customer today.And why they're doing this is quite simple.These products first got your trust and managed to delight you by delivering on their promise. Then, they made that promise available for a price. Fair enough, if it's good, then surely the promise has a price you should be willing to pay. Now, we seem to have arrived at a point where they're asking more to deliver that same promise. They want to extract more money from a customer's wallet. What forces them to do so becomes the next question.This enshittening and many more ways in which many of the platforms we use have aged badly was the core of the discussion in this week's episode of Two by Two. Joining hosts Rohin Dharmakumar and Praveen Gopal Krishnan are Aditya Suresh, head of India equity research at Macquarie, and Abhishek Madan, ex-VP of Product at Paytm*Aditya brought the market's perspective to the discussion with his sharp insights, how the experience could be different based on whether a company is public or private, and what gets talked about in both contexts. Abhishek, in his third time on the podcast, added the flavour by explaining why and how the platform decay came about.Welcome to episode 36 of Two by Two.-Additional reading:Enshittification is coming for absolutely everything - https://www.ft.com/content/6fb1602d-a08b-4a8c-bac0-047b7d64aba5Phonepe spent millions to rival Policybazaar. Its users couldn't care less - https://the-ken.com/story/phonepe-spent-millions-to-rival-policybazaar-its-users-couldnt-care-less/Swiggy needs to reclaim its past glory - https://the-ken.com/newsletters/two-by-two/swiggy-needs-to-reclaim-its-past-glory/How will Ola and Uber avoid ‘death by a thousand cuts'? - https://the-ken.com/newsletters/two-by-two/how-will-ola-and-uber-avoid-death-by-a-thousand-cuts/First, Cult.fit's group classes got everyone's attention. Now “Cult injuries” do - https://the-ken.com/newsletters/two-by-two/how-will-ola-and-uber-avoid-death-by-a-thousand-cuts/Additional listening:Should you invest the first two years of your career in strategy consulting? - https://the-ken.com/podcasts/two-by-two/should-you-invest-the-first-two-years-of-your-career-doing-strategy-consulting/How will Ola and Uber avoid ‘death by a thousand cuts'? - https://the-ken.com/podcasts/two-by-two/how-will-ola-and-uber-avoid-death-by-a-thousand-cuts/Swiggy needs to reclaim its past glory - https://the-ken.com/podcasts/two-by-two/swiggy-needs-to-reclaim-its-past-glory/-This is a free 10-minute trailer streaming on all podcast streaming platforms. If you'd like to listen to the full episode, you can do so by becoming a Premium subscriber to The Ken or by subscribing to Two by Two on Apple Podcasts via a separate standalone subscription.This episode of Two by Two was produced by Hari Krishna. Rajiv CN, our resident sound engineer, mixed and mastered this episode.If you liked this episode of Two by Two, please share it with your friends and family who would be interested in listening to the episode. And if you have more examples of enshittification, do tell us about them. You can write to us at twobytwo@the-ken.com.

Everyone's lives would be better if we were rid of spam calls and messages, but we don't live in that reality. So most people rely on caller-ID apps or services to save themselves from the ordeal. In September last year, Bharti Airtel launched a spam fighting network free of cost to all users who have a VoLTE-enabled smartphone.Airtel says its AI-powered systems come across a call or message that seems sketchy based on call patterns, frequency, duration and other parameters to flag them as ‘suspected scam'.But like any anti-spam service, it has been showing a few cracks—all of which have consequences for both businesses and customers.Legitimate calls from businesses are flagged as suspected spam by its system, while calls from similar businesses are not. The other troubling problem is that it's a one-way system where the customer can't do anything about it. They cannot opt out of the service either.If your network operator says it's a suspected spam call when there's a number flashing on your screen, are you going to pick it up?And then there are businesses like Truecaller, which built their business using the crowdsourcing model and built a two-sided business where they made money from both individuals and businesses trying to reach these individuals. Truecaller helped legitimate businesses which were being marked as spam be validated as verified businesses for a fee.Something in all of this feels broken. What should ideally be free and reliable to save all customers from being scammed is not fully reliable or free.What's at stake? Where are the solutions?In episode 31 of Two by Two, hosts Rohin Dharmakumar and Praveen Gopal Krishnan try to find the answers with our guests for the week—Parag Kar, former vice president of government affairs at Qualcomm India and Southeast Asia; Chaitanya Chokkareddy, co-founder and CTO of Ozonetel, a cloud-based communication platform providing call-centre solutions for businesses; and The Ken reporter Rounak Kumar Gunjan.– – –Additional reading -Truecaller beat Trai to the punch with spam-call fixAirtel finds the gap between Truecaller and Trai– – –Help us find interesting women guests by filling out this survey - https://theken.typeform.com/to/KH0EOLGo– – –What you listened to is just the first 30 minutes of the conversation. If you'd like to listen to the full episode, you can do so by becoming a Premium subscriber to The Ken or by subscribing to Two by Two on Apple Podcasts via a separate standalone subscription.This episode of Two by Two was produced by Hari Krishna. Rajiv CN, our resident sound engineer, mixed and mastered this episode.If you liked this episode of Two by Two, please share it with your friends and family who would be interested in listening to the episode. And if you have more thoughts on the discussion, we'd love to hear your arguments as well. You can write to us at twobytwo@the-ken.com.

Breaks and melodies this month as the sessions features tracks and remixes from Jody Wisternoff, Paralell Voices, Klangsberg, Rshand and more IPeiqi - Power Down and Start Again Klangsberg - Eiscold Parallel Voices - Your Love AMR and MNE - Numb Sound Quelle - Risk it All Paralell Voices - Gone Karyendasoul - B27 Rshand - Count On Jody Wisternoff - Time to Time Reiny - Wont You Parralell Voices - Yesterday Maty Owl - Sounds Like Yellow Jody Wisternoff - The Only One Nestora - Reflections Klangsberg - Vitae Blank and Jones - Nuits Blanches

“The future of consultants is intricately linked to the future of consulting”That's what one of the guests had to say about the future of consultants and the promise of consulting careers.Being a consultant at any of the big three consulting firms—McKinsey & Company, Bain & Company, and Boston Consulting Group(BCG)—meant one thing: The opportunity to work on cutting-edge projects with big, innovative companies. It allowed the people who worked at these companies to have career opportunities, which would allow them to be prepared for even more challenging and rewarding roles in the world of startups.The accelerated learning, prestige, community and great pay packages that these companies offered ensured the best talent lined up to work for them.The first two years of a career in consulting are gruelling, demanding and difficult and often involve “low-value work”, like making presentations, data analysis and sending requests for proposals to really annoying clients.However, people still rush and fight to do it with the expectation that the payoffs compound later. It gives them a broader view of how companies work and operate.It acts as a training ground for building startups and laterally jumping into senior executive roles at fast-growing companies or even going higher up the consulting ladder.Today, that trade-off equation looks a bit distorted for students because it's never been easier to start a company.It's also been very easy to find post-MBA roles in companies that are more strategic in nature, and ESOPs look much more real and valuable because companies are going public.So the question becomes: Will students continue to chase consulting firms as a lucrative and promising career option? And does a career in consulting hold the same promises as it used to?Joining hosts Praveen Gopal Krishnan and Rohin Dharmakumar for the episode are Rahul Chaudhary, co-founder of Treebo, ex-McKinsey & Company and Pragya Batra, co-founder of Quirksmith, ex-Bain & Company.Welcome to episode 35 of Two by Two.-Help us find interesting women guests by filling out this survey - https://theken.typeform.com/to/KH0EOLGo-Additional listening:If B-schools were invented today, would students run placements? - https://the-ken.com/podcasts/two-by-two/if-b-schools-were-invented-today-would-students-run-placements/AI comes to annihilate India's SaaS companies - https://the-ken.com/podcasts/two-by-two/ai-comes-to-annihilate-indias-saas-companies/-This is a free 10-minute trailer streaming on all podcast streaming platforms. If you'd like to listen to the full episode, you can do so by becoming a Premium subscriber to The Ken or by subscribing to Two by Two on Apple Podcasts via a separate standalone subscription.This episode of Two by Two was produced by Hari Krishna. Rajiv CN, our resident sound engineer, mixed and mastered this episode.If you liked this episode of Two by Two, please share it with your friends and family who would be interested in listening to the episode. And if you have more thoughts on the discussion, we'd love to hear your arguments as well. You can write to us at twobytwo@the-ken.com.

The consumer need for 10-minute deliveries wasn't demanded, but it was created.Multiple startups went into an arms race to deliver products faster and faster to users who never really asked for them.This expanded into category after category, starting from groceries to FMCG products, then to apparel, electronics, PS5s, iPhones, and later food. The 10-minute monster demands to be fed and is eating category after category, forcing consumers to change long-established patterns so they can get stuff delivered to their homes at a turnaround time they never imagined possible.The next big frontier for all of these start-ups is now alcohol and liquor.Finally, we have a category where most consumers want organized, regulated, and legitimate home deliveries. They're probably even willing to pay for it.For quick commerce start-ups, too, home delivery of alcohol is a huge opportunity.High margins, high stickiness, great repeat, massive market, negligible customer acquisition costs, hundreds of millions of consumers want it.Startups with hundreds of millions in capital are desperate to offer it.So, what is stopping 10-minute alcohol delivery?In the latest episode of Two by Two, hosts Praveen Gopal Krishnan and Rohin Dharmakumar are joined by Prasanna Natarajan, founder of Sipping Spirits and Hipbar, India's first home-delivery liquor startup, which was later acquired by Cred, and Debashish Shyam, co-founder and director of Ardent Alcobev. He's had nearly 20 years of experience in alcohol marketing and sales at organisations as diverse as United Spirits and IBTC in Myanmar.----What you listened to is just the first 30 minutes of the conversation. If you'd like to listen to the full episode, you can do so by becoming a Premium subscriber to The Ken or by subscribing to Two by Two on Apple Podcasts via a separate standalone subscription.This episode of Two by Two was produced by Hari Krishna. Rajiv CN, our resident sound engineer, mixed and mastered this episode.If you liked this episode of Two by Two, do share it with like-minded individuals who would be interested in listening to the episode. And if you have more thoughts on the discussion, we'd love to hear your arguments as well. You can write to us at twobytwo@the-ken.com.----Listen to One Billion in 10 Minutes on The Ken app, Spotify or Apple Podcasts.----Disclaimer:Alcohol consumption is injurious to health. No participants in this episode promote alcohol consumption and strongly discourage underage, binge, and careless drinking. All panelists in this show express their own personal views, which do not necessarily reflect the views of the producers or promoters. Please drink responsibly.

Consciousness Mattering (Bloombury, 2023) presents a contemporary Buddhist theory in which brains, bodies, environments, and cultures are relational infrastructures for human consciousness. Drawing on insights from meditation, neuroscience, physics, and evolutionary theory, it demonstrates that human consciousness is not something that occurs only in our heads and consists in the creative elaboration of relations among sensed and sensing presences, and more fundamentally between matter and what matters. Peter Hershock argues that without consciousness there would only be either unordered sameness or nothing at all. Evolution is consciousness mattering. Shedding new light on the co-emergence of subjective awareness and culture, the possibility of machine consciousness, the risks of algorithmic consciousness hacking, and the potentials of intentionally altered states of consciousness, Hershock invites us to consider how freely, wisely, and compassionately consciousness matters. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/buddhist-studies

Consciousness Mattering (Bloombury, 2023) presents a contemporary Buddhist theory in which brains, bodies, environments, and cultures are relational infrastructures for human consciousness. Drawing on insights from meditation, neuroscience, physics, and evolutionary theory, it demonstrates that human consciousness is not something that occurs only in our heads and consists in the creative elaboration of relations among sensed and sensing presences, and more fundamentally between matter and what matters. Peter Hershock argues that without consciousness there would only be either unordered sameness or nothing at all. Evolution is consciousness mattering. Shedding new light on the co-emergence of subjective awareness and culture, the possibility of machine consciousness, the risks of algorithmic consciousness hacking, and the potentials of intentionally altered states of consciousness, Hershock invites us to consider how freely, wisely, and compassionately consciousness matters. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/psychology

This week we kick May The Farce Be With You into hyperspace as we discuss the road trip, heist, comedy, Star Wars parody film Fanboys! We learn the tragedy of Darth Weinstein the Unwise, chat about the height of internet nerdom on aintitcoolnews, and we rub that Neapolitan Cinema all over everything! Turn up your headphones, dial back your sensibilities, and join the wretched hive of scum and villainy as we take the low road to resistance on Season Five, Episode Forty One of Force Insensitive!Send Email/Voicemail: mailto:forceinsensitive@gmail.comDirect Voice Message: https://www.speakpipe.com/ForceInsensitiveStart your own podcast: https://www.buzzsprout.com/?referrer_id=386Use our Amazon link: http://amzn.to/2CTdZzKFB Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/ForceInsensitive/Twitter: http://twitter.com/ForceNSensitiveFacebook: http://facebook.com/ForceInsensitiveInstagram: http://instagram.com/ForceInsensitive

About The Dialectic at Work is a podcast hosted by Professor Shahram Azhar & Professor Richard Wolff. The show is dedicated to exploring Marxian theory. It utilizes the dialectical mode of reasoning, that is the method developed over the millennia by Plato and Aristotle, and continues to explore new dimensions of theory and praxis via a dialogue. The Marxist dialectic is a revolutionary dialectic that not only seeks to understand the world but rather to change it. In our discussions, the dialectic goes to work intending to solve the urgent life crises that we face as a global community. Follow us on social media: X: @DialecticAtWork Instagram: @DialecticAtWork Tiktok: @DialecticAtWork Website: www.DemocracyAtWork.info Patreon: www.patreon.com/democracyatwork

This sponsored episode features mathematician Ohad Asor discussing logical approaches to AI, focusing on the limitations of machine learning and introducing the Tau language for software development and blockchain tech. Asor argues that machine learning cannot guarantee correctness. Tau allows logical specification of software requirements, automatically creating provably correct implementations with potential to revolutionize distributed systems. The discussion highlights program synthesis, software updates, and applications in finance and governance.SPONSOR MESSAGES:***Tufa AI Labs is a brand new research lab in Zurich started by Benjamin Crouzier focussed on o-series style reasoning and AGI. They are hiring a Chief Engineer and ML engineers. Events in Zurich. Goto https://tufalabs.ai/***TRANSCRIPT + RESEARCH:https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/t849j6v1juk3gc15g4rsy/TAU.pdf?rlkey=hh11h2mhog3ncdbeapbzpzctc&dl=0Tau:https://tau.net/Tau Language:https://tau.ai/tau-language/Research:https://tau.net/Theories-and-Applications-of-Boolean-Algebras-0.29.pdfTOC:1. Machine Learning Foundations and Limitations [00:00:00] 1.1 Fundamental Limitations of Machine Learning and PAC Learning Theory [00:04:50] 1.2 Transductive Learning and the Three Curses of Machine Learning [00:08:57] 1.3 Language, Reality, and AI System Design [00:12:58] 1.4 Program Synthesis and Formal Verification Approaches2. Logical Programming Architecture [00:31:55] 2.1 Safe AI Development Requirements [00:32:05] 2.2 Self-Referential Language Architecture [00:32:50] 2.3 Boolean Algebra and Logical Foundations [00:37:52] 2.4 SAT Solvers and Complexity Challenges [00:44:30] 2.5 Program Synthesis and Specification [00:47:39] 2.6 Overcoming Tarski's Undefinability with Boolean Algebra [00:56:05] 2.7 Tau Language Implementation and User Control3. Blockchain-Based Software Governance [01:09:10] 3.1 User Control and Software Governance Mechanisms [01:18:27] 3.2 Tau's Blockchain Architecture and Meta-Programming Capabilities [01:21:43] 3.3 Development Status and Token Implementation [01:24:52] 3.4 Consensus Building and Opinion Mapping System [01:35:29] 3.5 Automation and Financial ApplicationsCORE REFS (more in pinned comment):[00:03:45] PAC (Probably Approximately Correct) Learning framework, Leslie Valianthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probably_approximately_correct_learning[00:06:10] Boolean Satisfiability Problem (SAT), Varioushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boolean_satisfiability_problem[00:13:55] Knowledge as Justified True Belief (JTB), Matthias Steuphttps://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epistemology/[00:17:50] Wittgenstein's concept of the limits of language, Ludwig Wittgensteinhttps://plato.stanford.edu/entries/wittgenstein/[00:21:25] Boolean algebras, Ohad Osorhttps://tau.net/tau-language-research/[00:26:10] The Halting Problemhttps://plato.stanford.edu/entries/turing-machine/#HaltProb[00:30:25] Alfred Tarski (1901-1983), Mario Gómez-Torrentehttps://plato.stanford.edu/entries/tarski/[00:41:50] DPLLhttps://www.cs.princeton.edu/~zkincaid/courses/fall18/readings/SATHandbook-CDCL.pdf[00:49:50] Tarski's undefinability theorem (1936), Alfred Tarskihttps://plato.stanford.edu/entries/tarski-truth/[00:51:45] Boolean Algebra mathematical foundations, J. Donald Monkhttps://plato.stanford.edu/entries/boolalg-math/[01:02:35] Belief Revision Theory and AGM Postulates, Sven Ove Hanssonhttps://plato.stanford.edu/entries/logic-belief-revision/[01:05:35] Quantifier elimination in atomless boolean algebra, H. Jerome Keislerhttps://people.math.wisc.edu/~hkeisler/random.pdf[01:08:35] Quantifier elimination in Tau language specification, Ohad Asorhttps://tau.ai/Theories-and-Applications-of-Boolean-Algebras-0.29.pdf[01:11:50] Tau Net blockchain platformhttps://tau.net/[01:19:20] Tau blockchain's innovative approach treating blockchain code itself as a contracthttps://tau.net/Whitepaper.pdf