Podcasts about Tasman

In today's episode, a teachers union says a high school curriculum overhaul lacks detail, despite its far-reaching implications. Up to seventy thousand more tourists are set to arrive in New Zealand this summer, with international airlines boosting the number of flights. People will get a first chance to see Ikea's New Zealand offering at the Auckland Home Show this weekend. In sport, the Black Ferns prepare for their first knockout match against South Africa in the Rugby World Cup quarter-finals. And it's Friday so we'll check in with our correspondent across the Tasman, Kerry Anne Walsh.

Jetstar says it's done its homework on the New Zealand market before unveiling its latest —and biggest— expansion in the trans-Tasman market. The airline's adding close to 500 thousand seats a year across five of its most popular domestic and trans-Tasman routes. The Australian based carrier has operated in New Zealand for 20 years. Jetstar Chief Executive Stephanie Tully told Mike Hosking it's always looking to open new markets and expand on existing ones. She's seen a shift in preference and demand for Jetstar. LISTEN ABOVE See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

All Whites captain Chris Wood is feeling the pressure ahead of the second game in the Soccer Ashes. Australia have a one-goal advantage coming into the match in Auckland and the Nottingham Forest striker knows if he can find the back of the net it could be the difference in the trans-Tasman rivalry. Sports reporter Felicity Reid spoke to Lisa Owen.

Huge news out of Australia today that a resolution has been reached by the Murdoch family, after a long running legal battle for control of Rupert Murdoch's companies, News Cory and Fox Corporation. Here to share more details is our friend from across the Tasman, Brad Foster.

ANZ's New Zealand boss says the bank has no major restructure plans on this side of the Tasman. The Australian banking group has announced plans to axe about 3,500 in-house roles and 1000 contractors. Its New Zealand arm says about 20-30 mostly head-office roles might be cut here. But Chief Executive Antonia Watson told Kerre Woodham it's part of a normal review of efficiencies, which they do every year. She says times of change always generate nervousness, but they've been clear that what's driving the change in Australia isn't a factor here. She says staff will have a lot of empathy for their Australian colleagues who are going through a tough time at the moment. LISTEN ABOVE See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The Nelson and Tasman regions are staring down what could be a double hit of big job cuts. Nelson mayor Nick Smith spoke to Ingrid Hipkiss.

In today's episode, New Zealand First held its annual meeting over the weekend, and with election year ahead, hints of campaign rivalry are beginning to creep into the coalition; The Black Ferns now who have sent an emphatic message as they seek to defend their Rugby World Cup title, as they beat Ireland 40-nil; University students in Auckland are feeling the pinch when it comes to the cost of public transport; We cross the Tasman for the latest from Kerry-Anne Walsh.

Are we watching the most spectacular slow motion sports team collapse of the ages? The protracted spiral of the Warriors has been stunning. Last night's stumble against the Sea Eagles wasn't surprising, or frankly that upsetting, as this team has made fluffing their lines an art form. The myriad of ways the Penrose Mud Dogs have managed to soil their bed sheets is impressive, the mercurial manner in which they play is rollercoaster exciting, sadly the car always seems to part ways with the track, leaving a smouldering wreck for the coaching staff to pick through. Cruel? Sure. Not as cruel as having your hopes slowly eroded throughout the back end of the season. Death by a thousand cuts. Spectacular one moment, spectacularly bad the next. The only comfort here is that this is not an outlier. This is not unusual. This is life as a Warriors fan. If you expect anything else, you're new to the bandwagon and you'd better get used to it. To be fair, the NRL is an incredibly tough comp to win. It took Cronulla 50 years to win a title. 50. And they're based in Sydney. The Wahs must deal with many a hurdle, the endless trans-Tasman flights being one. They've had a pretty rude casualty list. They tend to be rhubarbed by the officials. They're used as a stepping stone back to Australia for promising young talent. The list, like the team, staggers on. The beauty here is the Forrest Gump in them. At any given time, their box of chocolates might produce a gem, this is why we keep watching. Oh, and they're our team. That's why we follow them. We don't follow them because we know they'll win; we follow them because they're ours. As distressing as it can be, it's part of being fan. It's looking sad AF right now, but hey, dum spiro spero. While I breath, I hope. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Carter Holt Harvey has confirmed it is shutting down its Eves Valley Sawmill in Tasman, resulting in more than 140 job losses. The Tasman mill has been a major part of the region's economy for the last 40 years, with about 250,000 tonnes of timber processed at the site each year. Maria Hemara who has worked at the mill for six years spoke to Lisa Owen.

In today's episode, Defence Minister Judith Collins says New Zealand's support for Ukraine remains "steadfast"; The Health Minister has written to Health New Zealand and the senior doctors' union calling on them to urgently enter binding arbitration; Rising meat prices are changing how people shop and eat; We preview the weekend's sport with our Sports Panel; We cross the Tasman to get the latest from Kerry-Anne Walsh.

More than 140 workers at Tasman's Eves Valley Sawmill will be out of the job before Christmas, with the fate of the site now sealed. Adam Burns reports.

The sound of investor presentations and ASX releases can only mean one thing: results season has come again, bringing joy and cheer to all the good shareholders of the land – especially those who've invested in airlines. Qantas has posted another bumper profit as it looks to snap up even more A321XLRs, Virgin Australia has celebrated its 25th anniversary with a healthy result, Alliance is flying more hours than ever, and across the Tasman, even Air New Zealand is still in the black despite its many headaches. Jake and guest host Benjamin Foster unpack all the major airlines' results and take a look ahead to the prospects for 2026. Plus, it's the end of the line for Gold Coast Airport's light rail – what might replace the controversial project as the Olympics draw ever closer?

Nelson Provincial Museum is in need of a new archive storage facility - it's current building is leaking and is too small to house the entire collection. But a proposed 15 million new building that was supposed to repace it has been scrapped - because of cost increases and funding pressures. Now there's a new plan to build a cheaper facility in Richmond. Both Nelson and Tasman's councils have committed 3-million to the project, but the issue has become a political football ahead of the local body elections. Samantha Gee has more.

Leicester Fainga'anuku is back in the All Blacks after the NZR board ticked off his eligibility early. The powerful Tasman back has been called in for NPC teammate Timoci Tavatavanawai, who is out for three months with a broken arm. NZ Herald rugby writer Liam Napier joined Piney to discuss. LISTEN ABOVESee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This year marks seven decades since a Kiwi pilot changed the course of aviation by touching down on the Tasman Glacier using a plane fitted with retractable skis. Katie Todd reports on the milestone.

Join RaboResearch's Jen Corkran and Angus Gidley-Baird in conversation with Phil Edkins, Head of Relationship Management – Southern WA, as they unpack key takeaways from the recent Rabobank Sheep & Wool Knowledge Tour to Western Australia. With 21 clients from across New Zealand and Australia, the team toured the Great Southern region of Western Australia visiting leading farm businesses and key industry bodies. From genetics to markets – and meat to wool – the conversation highlights the insights, innovations, and the value of cross-Tasman collaboration.   Disclaimer: Please refer to our global RaboResearch disclaimer at https://www.rabobank.com/knowledge/disclaimer/011417027/disclaimer for information about the scope and limitations of the material published on the podcast.  

Nearly two months after the last of two devastating storms caused widespread damage across the Tasman District - many farmers, growers and landowners are still rebuilding kilometres of fences that were knocked down and washed away. Samantha Gee reports.

It's just over four years since the Commerce Commission released its first report on the supermarket sector in New Zealand and, yesterday, the Government announced what it's going to do. Which, in my view, will achieve nothing. To be fair, Nicola Willis wasn't in Government four years ago and it was Labour that received that first report and went about hiring the Grocery Commissioner. Who, I think we can all agree, has done next-to-nothing. My supermarket bills certainly haven't got any cheaper since he's been at his desk. So the Government is going to make a change to the fast track legislation specifically targeted at making it quicker for an overseas operator to move in to New Zealand and start building supermarkets here. The law change is going to be done by Christmas and then the likes of Aldi and Lidl will be falling over themselves rushing to set-up shop here. As if. Because it's been my view all along that, if these overseas outfits wanted to be here, they would. A country the size of ours means nothing to the other big operators. No matter how much red tape the Government wants to get rid of. Bearing in mind too, that no supermarket chain is a charity. Let's take German operator Aldi - which is often touted as an international operator that could come here and create more competition. It's kind-of here already. Because it's been registered with the New Zealand Companies Office since 2000. But it hasn't bothered doing anything more than that - focusing on Australia, instead. But, despite Aldi operating across the Tasman, Australians are still paying through the nose. The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission put-out a report earlier this year saying that Aldi is among the most profitable supermarket chains in the world. Prices in Australia have risen sharply over the past five years, with the supermarkets increasing profit margins during that time. Aldi being one of them. As for Nicola Willis claiming that Costco might want to set up a few more stores, that wouldn't make supermarket prices cheaper for people everywhere. The Minister has acknowledged that she doesn't see this as any sort of overnight fix. She says the lack of competition in the supermarket sector has developed over the past 20-or-30 years and told Newstalk ZB today that she'll know this policy has worked when we have another competitor operating in all the main urban centres. Don't hold your breath, minister. LISTEN ABOVESee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Former Highlanders flanker and Tasman NPC captain Shane Christie has died aged 39. He spent three seasons with the Super Rugby side and also played 73 times for Tasman over seven seasons, before retiring due to concussion-related symptoms. Last year he told media he wanted to donate his brain to the New Zealand Sports Human brain bank for study of chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Sports reporter, Felicity Reid spoke to Lisa Owen.

Former New Zealand Māori All Blacks, Highlanders and Tasman flanker Shane Christie has died, aged 39. Christie was forced to retire from professional rugby in 2017 after a string of concussions - and since became a spoken advocate on the subject, offering to donate his brain to help contribute to the research. D'Arcy spoke with professor of neuroscience at AUT, Doug King, about Christie's death - as well as the research on the impact of head injuries. LISTEN ABOVESee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The trans-Tasman economies are set to switch, with a prediction New Zealand will outpace Australia over the coming years. Westpac's senior economist Satish Ranchhod spoke to Corin Dann.

Convicted triple murderer Erin Patterson is back in front of the court, and the cameras, for her sentencing trial, which is also a chance for victims to read their impact statements. Friend of the show Brad Foster is keeping an eye on developments for us. He chats to Jesse about this and other issues hitting headlines across the Tasman.

In today's episode, house prices remain stuck despite lower interest rates giving first-home buyers a win, while leaving property owners gnashing their teeth; Thousands of people are opting to pay for their own colonoscopies as wait times blow out on the public system; A small business owner in Wellington says she's facing losing a fifth of her income, after New Zealand Post suddenly suspended shipping to the United States; Farmers look to be backing Fonterra's multi-billion dollar move to offload its well-known retail names; We cross the Tasman to get the latest from Kerry-Anne Walsh.

Join the conversation: The Investor Lab Community Headlines say New Zealand’s housing market has “crashed.” Prices are down from their 2021 peak, and the story is making waves across the Tasman. But does it really signal danger for Australian property investors... or is there more to the story? This week, we’re unpacking the reality behind the headlines, and what it means for Australia’s property outlook. Here’s what we'll cover:* The truth about NZ’s “crash”—where values fell, and where they’ve actually hit new highs.* Why big centres like Auckland and Wellington slumped, while lifestyle and regional markets surged.* Why Australia’s market has continued to climb despite higher interest rates.* Whether Kiwi migration and “capital flight” are influencing Australian property prices.* The key lessons for Australian investors — and why the fundamentals always win. If you want clarity on what’s really happening across the Tasman, and what it means for your investing playbook in Australia, this is one conversation you won’t want to miss. See you on the inside, 00:00 Hello!05:08 NZ property decline explained (headlines vs reality)08:23 Policy shifts that triggered the downturn13:56 Auckland & Wellington vs booming regional markets23:29 How Australia’s market differs34:07 Media fear, wealth in housing & Aussie sensitivity37:00 Housing shortage: “One Gold Coast short, one Newcastle more each year”40:00 Migration & capital flow from NZ to Aus44:05 Affordability ceilings in Sydney & Auckland52:00 Is there even a “crash”? What it really means for Australia57:00 Policy lessons: NZ vs Aus (rent controls, Argentina case study)1:02:18 So, should you “buy the dip” in NZ?1:06:36 Final takeaways IMPORTANT: The Investor Lab is for educational purposes only and does not constitute financial advice. Always do your own research and seek independent professional advice before making any investment or financial decisions. -- WATCH ON YOUTUBE: NZ Property Market Crash: What Does It Mean For Australia? ACCESS THE GUIDES AND CALCULATORS: Inside The Investor Lab Community -- RESOURCES TO HELP: Looking for a team to partner with you in your portfolio building journey? Join Dashdot: https://bit.ly/3E0wKGa Need finance guidance?Chat with the team: http://hey.dashdotfinance.com.au/discoverycall Build Your FREE Portfolio Growth Plan on Property Pathfinder:https://propertypathfinder.io Got a question or some feedback? We're all ears!https://bit.ly/tilqs – Catch Up On Recent Episodes: Bitcoin vs Australian Real Estate We Answer Everything: When You Have "Enough" Money, Why Cash Flow Is Dead & The Future of Money Why You Need To Retire Earlier Than You Think Beyond 2030: The Prosperity Wave Most Investors Will Miss (Biggest Opportunity Ever) Why Your Buyers Agent Might Be Leading You Into a Property Trap How To Build A Property Portfolio That Pays For Itself The Coming US Debt Collapse (And What It Means For Australia) How to Help Everyone You Care About Win in the New Economy How to Design a Life You Won't Regret in the Next 5 Years How AI Will Change Your Economic Future AI Is Here: And Most People Aren't Ready Is A Supercycle Coming? (Housing Market Outlook) The Inner Game of Investing Trusts & SMSFs: How Advanced Investors Are Rethinking Their Structures in 2025 Tariffs, Trade Wars, and What It Means For Your Portfolio Portfolio Acceleration Masterclass Financial Jiu-Jitsu: How to Break Through Your Portfolio's Cashflow Constraints Winning the Investment Game: How to Set & Beat Your Hurdle Rate Fake Gold? Markets Down? Liquidity Up? – What’s REALLY Going On? The RBA Just Changed the Game — Here’s What It Means for You Hold vs Sell: How to Know When to Take Profits Bitcoin: Why Every Property Investor Needs to Consider Owning It Everything You Need To Know About Property Investing Finance Property Investing In Australia In 2025: What You Need To Know Investment Strategies for 2025 Follow the Money: How Liquidity Drives Asset Prices (and How You Can Benefit) What You Don’t Know About Money Could Cost You Everything -- Connect:https://www.dashdot.com.auhttps://youtube.com/@theinvestorlabhttps://instagram.com/dashdotpropertyhttps://instagram.com/goosemcgrathhttps://instagram.com/gabi.billingSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Staff at the Eves Valley sawmill in Tasman are still trying to digest the news that their jobs are likely to end soon, a blow one worker said she never saw coming. Carter Holt Harvey told the mill's almost 150 staff this week about plans consolidate its operations to Kawerau in Bay of Plenty, blaming weak markets. It comes as the timber industry struggles with low demand, increased running costs, and wars and tariffs overseas. Samantha Gee reports.

Shocked and gutted. Those are some of the emotions workers at Carter Holt Harvey's Eves Valley Sawmill in Tasman District are feeling as they come to grips with its potential closure. Up to 150 people could lose their jobs if Carter Holt Harvey goes ahead with its plan to shut the mill down. It said it wants to consolidate resources at its Kawerau plant in Bay of Plenty. Nelson's Mayor said he was told there is nothing that council or the government could do to save people's jobs. Samantha Gee reports.

It's understood owners Carter Holt Harvey want to shut down the Eves Valley Sawmill and consolidate its timber operation at its Kawerau plant. The closure will cost more than 140 jobs in the Tasman district. The plan is under consultation until 1 September, but local leaders have little hope the proposal will change. Tasman District Mayor Tim King spoke to Lisa Owen. 

There's belief the job losses at the Eves Valley Sawmill will have a significant impact on the area. Manufacturing company Carter Holt Harvey is proposing to close the mill, which would result in 142 jobs lost. It's wanting to consolidate its structural timber manufacturing to one site - in Bay of Plenty's Kawerau. Tasman mayor Tim King, lives next door to the mill and says there's no chance to change the company's mind. "The most significant impact - and most immediate - is on those 142 people employed at Eves Valley, but there is a wide range of other businesses that support the Eves Valley sawmill, it's a big component of the forestry sector in this region." LISTEN ABOVESee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

As rate payers feel the pinch, plans for rate capping offer welcome relief. But councillors here and across the Tasman have warnings. New Zealand householders are likely to get some relief if councils are forced to cap rates - but the plan could punish those already keeping rates lowFind The Detail on Newsroom or RNZ Go to this episode on rnz.co.nz for more details

The All Whites are set to meet trans-Tasman rivals Australia for the Soccer Ashes trophy across two fixtures in Canberra on September 5 and Auckland on September 9.

A chance to find out what's got people talking across the Tasman, from the Wallabies triumph on the rugby field to 1800 Qantas staff's big win in court.

New Zealand Police are facing stiff competition across the Tasman, with states there luring Kiwi cops with more money and housing allowances. Assistant Commissioner Tusha Penny spoke to Corin Dann.

In today's episode, there's been a chorus of voices calling for the government to take action to help pull Auckland out of its economic slump; New Zealand Police are facing stiff competition across the Tasman, with states there luring Kiwi cops with more money and housing allowances; Auckland emergency department nurses say this winter is the busiest they've seen; The price of food has increased five percent over the past 12 months, the latest figures released by Stats NZ show, leaving families struggling to put basics on the table; We cross the Tasman to get the latest from Kerry-Anne Walsh.

This episode is guest hosted by Stephanie Coombes, she's a motoring journalist, car nut, professional smart arse and top shelf sort. We chat the new KIA Tasman, the Mazda MX-5 and Gordie froths over his latest long-term loan, the MGS5 EV. Paul will (hopefully) be back one day. If you haven't done so - subscribe to the show on your favourite podcast platform and hit us up at contact@thedriversshow.com.au if you have any questions you want us to read out on the show!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In today's episode, former police negotiator Lance Burdett says the officer who shot and killed a woman threatening them with a knife would have had a split second to respond; The Ministerial Advisory Group on Transnational, Serious and Organised Crime says bold action on data-sharing is needed to rein in the rapidly evolving threat of organised crime; The country's main energy producers say they will be able to build new power plants faster thanks to changes to the Resource Management Act; We have our weekly sports chat: We cross the Tasman to get the latest from Kerry-Anne Walsh.

The recovery continues in Tasman following recent storms, while the review into Nelson Hospital has been dismissed by medical specialists.

Cinderella and Mickey Mouse are packing their bags and heading offshore as Disney Cruise Line confirms its exit from New Zealand. The company operated its Disney Wonder ship across the Tasman since 2024 but will relocate to another part of the world from 2026. Cruise Association Chief Executive Jacqui Lloyd told Mike Hosking the fees imposed on ships is playing a big role. She says the costs imposed on ships in New Zealand and Australia is expensive. LISTEN ABOVE See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In today's episode, a new poll out Monday morning shows the government struggling to make headway amidst the cost-of-living crisis; A damning new Otago University report exposes deep flaws in New Zealand's heart healthcare system, including a lack of staffing that means the country only has a third of the cardiologists it should; Instagram has a new feature to show followers where you're posting from; Yachting legend Peter Lester is being remembered as incredibly competitive and a good honest Kiwi bloke who had saltwater running in his veins; We cross the Tasman to get the latest from Kerry-Anne Walsh.

Christopher Luxon says he and Anthony Albanese are on the same page about standardising regulations on both sides of the Tasman. The New Zealand and Australian Prime Ministers have wrapped up an annual catch-up in Queenstown. Luxon told Mike Hosking that they've also asked big business CEOs from both countires, to identify where things could be standardised more. He says Australia's states can have lots of differences in regulations, and they're keen to see where that can be standardised. LISTEN ABOVESee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The media graded NCEA as ‘not achieved' after the government proposed dumping it this week. Headlines here called Trump's 15 per cent tariff on our exports ‘a surprise.' But was it? Also - the prospects for some of our most popular and enduring magazines, which are up for sale across the Tasman again. Go to this episode on rnz.co.nz for more details

The Unlikely Doctor by Timoti Te Moke Born into love but then thrust into violence, and shaped by struggle, Timoti Te Moke was never destined to be a leader. After an early start as a bright boy in the eastern Bay of Plenty, nurtured by his reo Māori-speaking grandparents, Timoti's life changed sharply when his mother took custody of him when he was six. He survived abuse, state care, gangs and prison, his life marked by trauma and pain. By fourteen, he was behind bars. By twenty, he'd crossed the Tasman, trying to leave his past behind. But it was a moment in a prison cell — a glimpse of blue sky — that sparked a life-altering question: What if this isn't all there is? Through grit and an unyielding drive for justice, Timoti transformed his life. He returned to Aotearoa, became a paramedic and, after facing racism and an unsupported manslaughter charge that nearly derailed his life, became a medical student in his fifties. Timoti is now a fully qualified doctor — proof that brilliance can come from anywhere, and that our society must change to allow it. A powerful, confronting memoir of injustice, identity and the cost of lost potential, The Unlikely Doctor is not just Timoti's story — it is every child's. Because when we remove the barriers for success, we don't just help individuals — we help reshape a nation. The Stars Are a Million Glittering Worlds by Gina Butson Thea, a young woman crushed by guilt, flees to Central America to escape her life in New Zealand. In Guatemala, she meets the charismatic Chris and his partner, Sarah, and the three of them form a tight bond. While the rest of the world is caught in the grip of the global financial crisis, the three friends find a false reality in the backpacker party town of San Pedro. Surrounded by the dark volcanic beauty of the Guatemalan highlands, Thea starts to come to terms with her past. But everything changes when a tragedy occurs. Knowing she has to leave Central America, but not ready to return home, Thea settles in Tasmania and into a new relationship. Bonded by grief, she and her partner make a life for themselves in Hobart. But years later, when tragedy strikes again, all Thea's old grief and guilt - together with unanswered questions - come to the surface. Against the backdrop of the pandemic and lockdowns, Thea begins to question the trust she has in her partner. She realises that if she wants to know the truth, she will need to come clean about her past. LISTEN ABOVE See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Adding to the trans-Tasman rivalry, two New Zealanders won at Australia's TV Awards, the Logies. Sam Neill and Guy Montgomery were winners on the night.

In today's episode, the Prime Minister joins us to respond to the 15 percent tariff the United States has slapped on New Zealand exports. The government is proposing scrapping NCEA and replacing it with a new national qualification. New Zealand businesses are deeply disappointment they'll face a 15 percent tariff on goods exported to the U.S. Dozens of patients are stuck in Auckland's North Shore Hospital, despite having no medical reason to be there. And we'll cross the Tasman to get the latest out of Australia with Kerry-Anne Walsh.

Authorities in Nelson-Tasman have kept a close eye on the skies as they hope they are not in for yet more destructive flooding. It will be the fourth time this month that Tasman takes a pounding if extreme weather hits the district again. Nelson Tasman Emergency Management duty group controller Rob Smith spoke to Lisa Owen.

After three extreme weather events, people at the top of the South Island are bracing for a fourth drenching in a month. Locals in Nelson and Tasman, have spent the last two weeks cleaning up after the last devastating flood. 

Significant heavy rain and strong winds are hitting or forecast to hit up and down the country.

It's a wet and windy day across the motu, with Auckland, Tasman and the West Coast all under orange heavy rain warnings. Reporters Finn Blackwell and Samantha Gee spoke to Corin Dann.

More wild weather is on the way for the top of the South Island, with MetService issuing heavy rain warnings for Tasman, which is still recovering from two devastating storms. MetService Meteorologist Mmathapelo Makgabutlane spoke to Corin Dann.

In today's episode, Attorney-General Judith Collins says the government's proposed electoral law changes clash with constitutional rights; Thousands of overseas-made building products have been approved for use in New Zealand, in a bid to reduce construction costs and help a struggling building industry; The Transport Agency has been secretly using cameras in billboards at city intersections to track cars and trucks; the Black Caps defeated South Africa after a thrilling last-over finish in the final of the Twenty20 International Tri-Series in Harare over the weekend; We cross the Tasman for the latest from Kerry-Anne Walsh.

A week on from last week's devastating storm and locals in Nelson Tasman are still cleaning up and beginning to count the cost.