Podcasts about Bridge

Im Staffelfinale planen die Verlobten ihre kleine, feine, heimliche Trauung, die fern von Berlin, abgeschieden, stattfinden soll. Der Clou ist das Geschenk von Antons Trauzeuge Bernd: Vorgezogene Flitterwochen auf einem Hausboot, das sie flussabwärts bis zu Standesbeamtin Frau Barksen bringen soll. Ein wahr gewordenes Huckleberry Finn-all inclusive-gayfriendly-Abenteuer für Anton und Pepe mit Happy Finish… Leider: nein. Hörspielserie von Axel Ranisch und Paul Zacher Folge 5: Bridge over Troubled Water Regie: Axel Ranisch Produktion: NDR 2021 Mehr Information und alle Mitwirkenden: https://www.ndr.de/antonundpepe Podcast-Tipp: "Becoming The Beatles" l Die Hamburger Jahre https://1.ard.de/beatles-podcast?cp

The Delphi Bridge Guy Video You Saw Altered! See It In Full Now And What It Reveals! Richard Allen's fight isn't over. His legal team has officially filed an appeal, arguing that the trial was riddled with errors and that crucial evidence was unfairly kept from the jury—evidence they say could have changed everything. Allen was convicted of the February 13, 2017, murders of Abby Williams and Libby German and sentenced in December to 130 years in prison, the maximum allowed under Indiana law. But his attorneys, Jennifer Auger and Andrew Baldwin, claim the trial was plagued with legal missteps. Just over a month ago, they filed a motion to correct errors, and now they're escalating the fight to the appellate court. One of the biggest points of contention? The exclusion of third-party evidence. The defense wanted the jury to consider alternative suspects, but Judge Fran Gull ruled that there was no direct connection between those individuals and the crime. "This jury wanted to convict someone," Auger told WRTV's Kaitlyn Kendall. "They feel that that's their job. And with no one else to point the finger to, I believe that had our third-party evidence come out, this would have ended differently." And then there's the bridge video. The full footage from Libby German's phone has now been released to the public, showing more than what was previously made available. The extended clip offers a clearer view of the suspect's movements, fueling debate about whether Allen was truly the man in the video. Prosecutors have long maintained that he was, but skeptics argue that the new footage raises fresh doubts—especially regarding whether more than one person could have been involved. The defense is expected to use this video as part of their appeal, claiming that its full context was not properly presented during the trial. The appeal was officially filed on March 11. Now, the case moves into yet another legal battle. Will the appellate court overturn the conviction, or will Richard Allen remain behind bars for life? #DelphiMurders #RichardAllenAppeal #JusticeForAbbyAndLibby #BridgeVideoDebate Want to listen to ALL of our podcasts AD-FREE? Subscribe through APPLE PODCASTS, and try it for three days free: https://tinyurl.com/ycw626tj Follow Our Other Cases: https://www.truecrimetodaypod.com The latest on The Downfall of Diddy, The Trial of Karen Read, The Murder Of Maddie Soto, Catching the Long Island Serial Killer, Awaiting Admission: BTK's Unconfessed Crimes, Delphi Murders: Inside the Crime, Chad & Lori Daybell, The Murder of Ana Walshe, Alex Murdaugh, Bryan Kohberger, Lucy Letby, Kouri Richins, Malevolent Mormon Mommys, The Menendez Brothers: Quest For Justice, The Murder of Stephen Smith, The Murder of Madeline Kingsbury, The Murder Of Sandra Birchmore, and much more! Listen at https://www.truecrimetodaypod.com

Richard Allen's fight isn't over. His legal team has officially filed an appeal, arguing that the trial was riddled with errors and that crucial evidence was unfairly kept from the jury—evidence they say could have changed everything. Allen was convicted of the February 13, 2017, murders of Abby Williams and Libby German and sentenced in December to 130 years in prison, the maximum allowed under Indiana law. But his attorneys, Jennifer Auger and Andrew Baldwin, claim the trial was plagued with legal missteps. Just over a month ago, they filed a motion to correct errors, and now they're escalating the fight to the appellate court. One of the biggest points of contention? The exclusion of third-party evidence. The defense wanted the jury to consider alternative suspects, but Judge Fran Gull ruled that there was no direct connection between those individuals and the crime. "This jury wanted to convict someone," Auger told WRTV's Kaitlyn Kendall. "They feel that that's their job. And with no one else to point the finger to, I believe that had our third-party evidence come out, this would have ended differently." And then there's the bridge video. The full footage from Libby German's phone has now been released to the public, showing more than what was previously made available. The extended clip offers a clearer view of the suspect's movements, fueling debate about whether Allen was truly the man in the video. Prosecutors have long maintained that he was, but skeptics argue that the new footage raises fresh doubts—especially regarding whether more than one person could have been involved. The defense is expected to use this video as part of their appeal, claiming that its full context was not properly presented during the trial. The appeal was officially filed on March 11. Now, the case moves into yet another legal battle. Will the appellate court overturn the conviction, or will Richard Allen remain behind bars for life? #DelphiMurders #RichardAllenAppeal #JusticeForAbbyAndLibby #BridgeVideoDebate Want to listen to ALL of our podcasts AD-FREE? Subscribe through APPLE PODCASTS, and try it for three days free: https://tinyurl.com/ycw626tj Follow Our Other Cases: https://www.truecrimetodaypod.com The latest on The Downfall of Diddy, The Trial of Karen Read, The Murder Of Maddie Soto, Catching the Long Island Serial Killer, Awaiting Admission: BTK's Unconfessed Crimes, Delphi Murders: Inside the Crime, Chad & Lori Daybell, The Murder of Ana Walshe, Alex Murdaugh, Bryan Kohberger, Lucy Letby, Kouri Richins, Malevolent Mormon Mommys, The Menendez Brothers: Quest For Justice, The Murder of Stephen Smith, The Murder of Madeline Kingsbury, The Murder Of Sandra Birchmore, and much more! Listen at https://www.truecrimetodaypod.com

Richard Allen's fight isn't over. His legal team has officially filed an appeal, arguing that the trial was riddled with errors and that crucial evidence was unfairly kept from the jury—evidence they say could have changed everything. Allen was convicted of the February 13, 2017, murders of Abby Williams and Libby German and sentenced in December to 130 years in prison, the maximum allowed under Indiana law. But his attorneys, Jennifer Auger and Andrew Baldwin, claim the trial was plagued with legal missteps. Just over a month ago, they filed a motion to correct errors, and now they're escalating the fight to the appellate court. One of the biggest points of contention? The exclusion of third-party evidence. The defense wanted the jury to consider alternative suspects, but Judge Fran Gull ruled that there was no direct connection between those individuals and the crime. "This jury wanted to convict someone," Auger told WRTV's Kaitlyn Kendall. "They feel that that's their job. And with no one else to point the finger to, I believe that had our third-party evidence come out, this would have ended differently." And then there's the bridge video. The full footage from Libby German's phone has now been released to the public, showing more than what was previously made available. The extended clip offers a clearer view of the suspect's movements, fueling debate about whether Allen was truly the man in the video. Prosecutors have long maintained that he was, but skeptics argue that the new footage raises fresh doubts—especially regarding whether more than one person could have been involved. The defense is expected to use this video as part of their appeal, claiming that its full context was not properly presented during the trial. The appeal was officially filed on March 11. Now, the case moves into yet another legal battle. Will the appellate court overturn the conviction, or will Richard Allen remain behind bars for life? #DelphiMurders #RichardAllenAppeal #JusticeForAbbyAndLibby #BridgeVideoDebate Want to listen to ALL of our podcasts AD-FREE? Subscribe through APPLE PODCASTS, and try it for three days free: https://tinyurl.com/ycw626tj Follow Our Other Cases: https://www.truecrimetodaypod.com The latest on The Downfall of Diddy, The Trial of Karen Read, The Murder Of Maddie Soto, Catching the Long Island Serial Killer, Awaiting Admission: BTK's Unconfessed Crimes, Delphi Murders: Inside the Crime, Chad & Lori Daybell, The Murder of Ana Walshe, Alex Murdaugh, Bryan Kohberger, Lucy Letby, Kouri Richins, Malevolent Mormon Mommys, The Menendez Brothers: Quest For Justice, The Murder of Stephen Smith, The Murder of Madeline Kingsbury, The Murder Of Sandra Birchmore, and much more! Listen at https://www.truecrimetodaypod.com 

Send us a textEach year I treat myself to a tarot reading from my friend, Karen Rontowski as a birthday present to myself. It's the perfect way to look back, be present, and look to the year ahead. This year was no different, because as the months have unfolded, her insights continue to resonate.One key bit explained my sense of never fitting in with anything my entire life, is when the cards, and Karen said, "You are a bridge." She explained, I am a bridge between all things. Life and death. Political parties. Between elements. Light and dark. Day and night.She that I can see all sides, literally feel them all, and yet I stand apart and create a bridge of understanding between the two factions or things or ways of being. NO wonder I've never felt like I fit in.The last months of 2024 an into 2025, I am understanding that being a bridge is to lead with empathy, it's to feel into the place where two extremes intersect, and now more than ever, the collective needs to harness the magic in that in between space, lean on that healing, that peace, and let that love power factory jet us to a better tomorrow.This isn't fake toxic positivity I'm speaking of here. This is finding common ground and reminding us that we have more in common than we don't when the outlets with the widest reach scream at us that we don't.The Bridge is something I speak of in my show intro, it's the soul of this podcast - to look at where science and supernatural collide, to stare into the space where a soul and a human form join together to create something greater than one plus one is two. So, for the coming weeks, I'm diving headfirst into those spaces. From life and death, good and bad, angels and demons, earth, air, fire and water, and every other duality, they are coming under the microscope so we can all understand the magic.Let's get into it!Want to learn more? Read/watch/listen to this NEXT!The Story of the Four Elements, Moonletter, Ben BelinskyEmpedocles and the Four Classic Elements, OwlcationA World History of Classical Elementals and Their Correspondences (or relationships with one another), Cassie Uhl's BlogRelated EpisodesWater MagickNature IS Medicine   Have you tried the GoodPods app yet? It's free and a fun way to share podcasts with friends and family! Curious Cat Podcast is there, and is sitting pretty in the Top 20 in Supernatural! Curious Cat Crew on Socials:Curious Cat on Twitter (X)Curious Cat on InstagramCurious Cat on TikTokArt Director, Nora, has a handmade, ethically-sourced jewelry company!

 What happens when the Enterprise malfunctions, decks are separated from each other and the commanding officer is Lieutenant Troi -- Well “Damages” is what happens! The Enterprise encounters a dying star or a crystalline entity, or the Borg and things go more out of control than ever -- wait, what disables this Galaxy Class spaceship?Point being, the bridge crew is separated as Picard is on a field trip with kids, Data's off oiling his completely functional… and Riker is, where is Riker? Did we tell you somehow Worf and Keiko are stuck together ? Anyhow, the regulars are off the Bridge except for Troi and O'brian who's never there, but still… Ensign Ro is back! This crack team squabbles over what to do but eventually count on Troi to lead them through the Enterprise's disaster. Meanwhile, Picard is injured in a turbo lift with a bunch of kids, Riker is sussing something out with Data, Bev LaForge are hanging for their dear lives, and Worf is delivering the next O'brien with Keiko…All of this happens on board our Galaxy Class Enterprise like it's the disaster film  "Airport” from the 70's and more! Will Troi be able to not use her powers and put on her big girl pants to lead the Enterprise? Will Picard be able to command a bunch of rascals out of an elevator shaft? Will Worf be able to Klingon-Duala? Find out in this exciting episode of ST:TNGeez, Not Another Star Trek Podcast! Even more available at: https://tngeez.com

From a miniature donkey taking a stroll through town to a man burning incense mistaken for destroying evidence, this week's Law Roundup is full of bizarre and hilarious police reports from Kalispell and beyond. Tune in for the most entertaining law enforcement calls of the week! Read the Daily Inter Lake's latest law roundup reports - https://dailyinterlake.com/news/law-roundup/A big thank you to our headline sponsor for the News Now podcast, Loren's Auto Repair! They combine skill with integrity resulting in auto service & repair of the highest caliber. Discover them in Ashley Square Mall at 1309 Hwy 2 West in Kalispell Montana, or learn more at lorensauto.com. In Season 3 of Daily Inter Lake's Deep Dive podcast, we explore the devastating fire that struck the small town of Noxon, Montana. By the end of the day on February 27, 2024, three-quarters of the town's business community were wiped out. Listen to the two-part story on any audio platform you prefer, or watch the series on our YouTube channel.Visit DailyInterLake.com to stay up-to-date with the latest breaking news from the Flathead Valley and beyond. Support local journalism and please consider subscribing to us. Watch this podcast and more on our YouTube Channel. And follow us on Facebook, Instagram and X. Got a news tip, want to place an ad, or sponsor this podcast? Contact us! Subscribe to all our other DIL pods! Keep up with northwest Montana sports on Keeping Score, dig into stories with Deep Dive, and jam out to local musicians with Press Play.

Sam and Matt talk all things Brunson-less Knicks, including a tremendous shot/performance from Bridges. The guys then debate their thoughts on the Justin Fields signing and the mounting injuries for both teams as the season nears

The Company acts fast on information they receive from the Lunar captives. Gavreena has her revenge. New Allies fight together in the darkness.   Learn more about Runequest here.   In case you haven't heard, our Redbubble has incredible RuneQuest art by Katrin Dirim available as shirts, stickers, pillows, and more, so check out all our new DMs After Dark merch!!   If you enjoy our streams, podcasts (plural! have you checked out the Rene Plays Games podcast?), or just our general nerdiness, please consider giving us a 5-star rating on your podcast app of choice! Like, follow, and subscribe to our Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram so you can comment & chat with us about all things RPGs.   And, as always, come hang out and catch our live streams on our Twitch or catch up on our YouTube.   Music in the Episode: Solstice A by Monument Studios DMs After Dark Theme by Dan Pomfret (@danfrombothbands)

Sir Keir Starmer appointed Jonathan Powell to be his national security adviser at one of the most critical points in European security since the Cold War.  He has spent years at the heart of government, helping to broker the peace deal in Northern Ireland and more recently the controversial Chagos deal. Now he is being credited with being the architect of the peace deal plan between Ukraine and Russia and the bridge between the Trump administration, Europe and Ukraine.  On this episode of the Sky News Daily, Niall Paterson looks at the key role Powell is playing in working towards a lasting peace deal with political correspondent Rob Powell, and former national security adviser Lord Peter Ricketts. Producer: Natalie KtenaEditor: Wendy Parker

The Delphi Bridge Guy Video You Saw Altered! See It In Full Now And What It Reveals! Richard Allen's fight isn't over. His legal team has officially filed an appeal, arguing that the trial was riddled with errors and that crucial evidence was unfairly kept from the jury—evidence they say could have changed everything. Allen was convicted of the February 13, 2017, murders of Abby Williams and Libby German and sentenced in December to 130 years in prison, the maximum allowed under Indiana law. But his attorneys, Jennifer Auger and Andrew Baldwin, claim the trial was plagued with legal missteps. Just over a month ago, they filed a motion to correct errors, and now they're escalating the fight to the appellate court. One of the biggest points of contention? The exclusion of third-party evidence. The defense wanted the jury to consider alternative suspects, but Judge Fran Gull ruled that there was no direct connection between those individuals and the crime. "This jury wanted to convict someone," Auger told WRTV's Kaitlyn Kendall. "They feel that that's their job. And with no one else to point the finger to, I believe that had our third-party evidence come out, this would have ended differently." And then there's the bridge video. The full footage from Libby German's phone has now been released to the public, showing more than what was previously made available. The extended clip offers a clearer view of the suspect's movements, fueling debate about whether Allen was truly the man in the video. Prosecutors have long maintained that he was, but skeptics argue that the new footage raises fresh doubts—especially regarding whether more than one person could have been involved. The defense is expected to use this video as part of their appeal, claiming that its full context was not properly presented during the trial. The appeal was officially filed on March 11. Now, the case moves into yet another legal battle. Will the appellate court overturn the conviction, or will Richard Allen remain behind bars for life? #DelphiMurders #RichardAllenAppeal #JusticeForAbbyAndLibby #BridgeVideoDebate Want to listen to ALL of our podcasts AD-FREE? Subscribe through APPLE PODCASTS, and try it for three days free: https://tinyurl.com/ycw626tj Follow Our Other Cases: https://www.truecrimetodaypod.com The latest on The Downfall of Diddy, The Trial of Karen Read, The Murder Of Maddie Soto, Catching the Long Island Serial Killer, Awaiting Admission: BTK's Unconfessed Crimes, Delphi Murders: Inside the Crime, Chad & Lori Daybell, The Murder of Ana Walshe, Alex Murdaugh, Bryan Kohberger, Lucy Letby, Kouri Richins, Malevolent Mormon Mommys, The Menendez Brothers: Quest For Justice, The Murder of Stephen Smith, The Murder of Madeline Kingsbury, The Murder Of Sandra Birchmore, and much more! Listen at https://www.truecrimetodaypod.com

One person has died in overnight rains across the eThekwini Municipality and surrounding areas. The body of a woman has also been recovered after her vehicle was swept off a bridge on Sarnia road in Pinetown in the west of Durban last night. Level 6 warnings issued by the South African Weather for widespread showers and disruptive rains across KwaZulu-Natal from today. These conditions are expected to continue today. Jon Gericke spoke to SABC reporter, Nonjabulo Makamu and spokesperson of the Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs (CoGTA) Department in KwaZulu-Natal, Senzelwe Mzila

In this episode of the Be the Bridge Podcast, Latasha Morrison interviews author, speaker, and Bible teacher, Dorina Lazo Gilmore-Young. Her recently released picture book, Kailani's Gift, celebrates family, Filipino heritage, and dance while showing the importance of perseverance and cultural expression. Dorina shares about her journey as a writer, and they discuss how children's books can serve as tools for racial justice. Dorina also shares her personal experience with grief.Join in the conversation on our social media pages on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Facebook⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Instagram⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠LinkedIn⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to let us know your thoughts on this episode!Executive Producer - Latasha MorrisonProducer  - Sarah ConnatserLinks:⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Become a Donor of Be the Bridge⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Shop the Be the Bridge Online Shop⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Connect with Dorina Lazo Gilmore-Young:Dorina's WebsiteDorina's Instagram⁠⁠⁠Purchase Kailani's GiftConnect with Be the Bridge:⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Our Website⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Facebook⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Instagram⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Connect with Latasha Morrison:⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Facebook⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Instagram⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Not all views expressed in this interview reflect the values and beliefs of Latasha Morrison or the Be the Bridge organization.

Full Bridge Guy Video Released – Delphi Murd3rs Case   #DelphiMurders, #BridgeGuyVideo, #TrueCrime

In this episode, we discuss the unexpected release of the video showing Richard Allen abducting Liberty German and Abigail Williams prior to murdering them. Pre-order our book on Delphi here: https://bookshop.org/p/books/shadow-of-the-bridge-the-delphi-murders-and-the-dark-side-of-the-american-heartland-aine-cain/21866881?ean=9781639369232Or here: https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Shadow-of-the-Bridge/Aine-Cain/9781639369232Or here: https://www.amazon.com/Shadow-Bridge-Murders-American-Heartland/dp/1639369236Join our Patreon here! https://www.patreon.com/c/murdersheetSupport The Murder Sheet by buying a t-shirt here: https://www.murdersheetshop.com/Send tips to murdersheet@gmail.com.The Murder Sheet is a production of Mystery Sheet LLC.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Join us for short, daily Lenten meditations to help you draw closer to God in prayer and scripture reading as we prepare our hearts leading up to Resurrection Sunday!If you haven't committed your life to Jesus but have a desire to do so, a great resource is the Navigators' "Bridge to Life" illustration. Find it here: https://www.navigators.org/resource/the-bridge-to-life/

This week Jun and Daniel interview Nelson, a third-culture kid who was born and raised in Brazil before attending college in the US and eventually settling in Korea. They explore his unique journey navigating multiple cultural identities, from experiencing racism as an Asian in Brazil to voluntarily serving in the Korean Marines during a college gap year. Nelson shares how being an "outsider" everywhere ultimately became his superpower, allowing him to bridge different cultural groups. They discuss a wide range of topics including what life was like in a Brazilian international school, cultural differences in dating, gift-giving customs, military service, and Nelson's unexpected rise to social media fame in Korea.If you're interested in hearing a fresh perspective on Korean culture from someone who approaches it with a "bridge-builder" mindset, or learning about the rich complexity of Korean diaspora experiences beyond Korean Americans, tune in to hear Daniel, Jun and Nelson discuss all this and more! Also in this episode, Daniel shares his struggles with maintaining a fresh perspective on familiar surroundings, Jun explains why Koreans might be hesitant to greet strangers, and Nelson reveals his theory about how societal environments shape our behavior more than we'd like to admit.Guest BioNelson is a third culture kid trying to build bridges.He's working on an app that teaches Korean and Japanese:https://teuida.page.link/choYou can find him on:http://instagram.com/sochournerhttp://tiktok.com/@sochournerEye-Opening Moments PodcastEye-Opening Moments are stories of adversity, encounters, and perspectives. They are...Listen on: Apple Podcasts SpotifySupport the showAs a reminder, we record one episode a week in-person from Seoul, South Korea. We hope you enjoy listening to our conversation, and we're so excited to have you following us on this journey!Support us on Patreon:https://patreon.com/user?u=99211862Follow us on socials: https://www.instagram.com/koreanamericanpodcast/https://twitter.com/korampodcasthttps://www.tiktok.com/@koreanamericanpodcastQuestions/Comments/Feedback? Email us at: koreanamericanpodcast@gmail.com

Hosts Pastor Robert Baltodano and Guest Pastor Bill Penna Question Timestamps: YouTube (3:01) - How can you walk away from the Lord after knowing God? Why does it take so long for people to come back? Juan, MA (5:35) - Is it okay for women to wear pants in church given Deuteronomy 22:1 and 22:11? Kirkson, NY (13:15) - Did Jesus ever brag about the miracles he did on Earth? Mike, Facebook (15:38) - Is “love at first sight” Biblical? Lisa, MA (19:43) - How do we stop sinning? Why is it so hard? How should I fast now that I have breast cancer? Sam, FL (34:07) - Do our works determine our placement in heaven? Why do I feel guilty for not doing enough for the Lord? Bernard, NY (42:36) - How do you help someone understand that Satan or sin has entered their life? James, NY (47:31) - Should I continue attending a church after the pastor denies the Trinity? Ask Your Questions: 888-712-7434 Answers@bbtlive.org

In this episode, composer, lyricist, music director, and educator Katya Stanislavskaya discusses representations of Russia/the USSR in musical theater from Fiddler on the Roof to Anastasia to off-Broadway's Iron Curtain and many in between. We also talk about the song "The Beauty Is" from Adam Guettel and Craig Lucas's 2005 musical The Light in the Piazza. You can write to scenetosong@gmail.com with a comment or question about an episode or about musical theater, or if you'd like to be a podcast guest. Follow on Instagram at @ScenetoSong and on Facebook at “Scene to Song with Shoshana Greenberg Podcast.” And be sure to sign up for the new monthly e-newsletter at scenetosong.substack.com. Contribute to the Patreon. The theme music is by Julia Meinwald. Music played in this episode: "To Life" from Fiddler on the Roof "Prologue" from Natasha, Pierre, & The Great Comet of 1812 "No One Else" from Natasha, Pierre, & The Great Comet of 1812 "Crossing a Bridge" from Anastasia "Two Worlds" from Doctor Zhivago "That's Capital" from Iron Curtain "Our Time" from Lempicka "The Beauty Is" from The Light in the Piazza

The lads are back with another rage filled deep dive into the past weeks top stories, and the very worst... You can follow the boys on Twitter. Mike is: @IROMG, Kevin is @TVKev and you'll find the podcast too: @ThoughtPoliceTP. Meanwhile if you'd like to send them an email, the address is: thoughtpolicepod@gmail.com

93.7 The Fan's Jeff Hathhorn comes on The Fan Hotline to assess some of the recent moves and rumors that have existed around the Steelers.

ALSO: Governor Braun Signs Executive Orders to Cut Environmental Regulations... Indianapolis DPW Announces Major Changes to Trash Service and Curbside Recycling Plans... PLUS... Indiana and Purdue Kick Off Big Ten Tournament with High Hopes for NCAA BidSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

This week, we dive into Sonny Rollins' triumphant return after a two-year sabbatical with The Bridge. This landmark album showcases a pianoless quartet, featuring the brilliant addition of Jim Hall on guitar. Tune in as we break down the album, discuss its impact, and reveal how we arrived at our overall rating of 9.0/10! Check out this episode's sponsor Meadowroad Records (@meadowroad_records) for their weekly vinyl auction: https://www.ebay.com/usr/meadowroad Feel free to reach out to us with any listener questions or album recommendations at thejazzjampodcast@gmail.com  Website: Click here! Instagram: @thejazzjampodcast Spotify Playlist: Top 3 Playlist

Join us for short, daily Lenten meditations to help you draw closer to God in prayer and scripture reading as we prepare our hearts leading up to Resurrection Sunday!If you haven't committed your life to Jesus but have a desire to do so, a great resource is the Navigators' "Bridge to Life" illustration. Find it here: https://www.navigators.org/resource/the-bridge-to-life/

2507 - The Bearded Bible Brothers travel to Jerusalem to meet with Bridges for Peace, a longtime partner of Zola Levitt Ministries. At their warehouse in Jerusalem, CEO Peter Fast demonstrates their non-profit's turnkey efforts to support impoverished Israelis, and the communities most affected by the War with Hamas.

After a childhood disease that affected her hearing, Ayslyn has undergone multiple preventative surgeries for hearing loss each year of her life. At 27 years old, she was treated by Dr. Courtney Voelker and Dr. Rebecca Lewis at Pacific Neuroscience Institute to get a new hearing device. Through a Bone Bridge Surgery she is now able to hear through this innovative technology.

Hosts Vincent Fernandez and Pastor Robert Baltodano Question Timestamps: Richard, Facebook (2:37) - Will the Holy Spirit cause someone to throw books and other things while at church? Email (6:28) - How should I confront my friend, who is too pushy when it comes to evangelism? Ed, NJ (10:34) - Is there a better way to read the Bible from beginning to end? Zach, IL (13:15) - Why do so many people believe that Jesus drank alcohol? What verses support that? Scott, email (17:45) - Where is the Garden of Eden today? Is it in heaven or still on Earth? Susan, email (19:42) - Is it a part of God's will for someone to die by a doctor's negligence? YouTube (23:01) - How can people walk away after knowing God? Why does it take people so long to come back? Paul, OK (27:32, continued after break at 33:28) - What are your thoughts on dominion theology? Why didn't Jesus teach it? William, FL (35:06) - What is the significance of the fig tree in Matthew 21? Is it still in Israel today? David, GA (37:19) - My future son-in-law didn't ask my permission to marry my daughter. When I spoke to him about it he got offended, and isn't speaking to me anymore. What should I do? Bob, CA (43:53) - Who is Babylon the Great in Revelation 17-18? Mary Kay, Facebook (46:24) - Why is sacrificing animals reinstated during the millennium kingdom? Will the gentiles also perform sacrifices? Email (47:56) - If you want to get close to God, how do you do that? Charles, NY (50:23) - What do you think about the “gap theory,” that there were millions of years before God created the Earth in Genesis 1? Jackie, NJ (52:30) - What guidance can you give me for helping my daughter who isn't a believer and is in an abusive marriage? Ask Your Questions: 888-712-7434 Answers@bbtlive.org

JD begins the show discussing reports on the gap in contract talks between Vladimir Guerrero Jr. and the Toronto Blue Jays. The conversation continues with Ben Nicholson-Smith (7:45) who provides insight on how deferrals have factored into the negotiation, the path towards a deal between the two parties, whether the optics are shifting back into Guerrero Jr.'s favour, and just how real is the hype surrounding Alan Roden and Jake Bloss. Then, Justin Bourne, co-host of Real Kyper & Bourne joins JD (52:00) to examine how the Toronto Maple Leafs have fared in the absence of injured defenceman Chris Tanev, the continued secrecy around Auston Matthews' health, and the changing relationship dynamics between teams, their athletes and sports media. JD and the producers close out the show with What We Missed.The views and opinions expressed in this podcast are those of the hosts and guests and do not necessarily reflect the position of Rogers Sports & Media or any affiliates. 

Covid 19 - five years on - callers remember how they came to terms with very strange times...What would we do if Belvelly Bridge suddenly wasn't there.. Communion Days are coming - how much cash do you put in the card & lots more Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Under the Bridge ////// 828Part 1 of 1  www.TrueCrimeGarage.com Who murdered cheerleader Marilee Burt? This week in the Garage we examine one of the oldest and maybe one of the coldest cases from Arapahoe County, Colorado. On a chilly winter evening someone kidnapped and murdered 15-year-old Marilee Burt.  The killer left her in Deer Creek under a bridge. Her personal items have never been located. If you have any information regarding this case, please contact the Arapahoe County Sheriff's Office at 303-795-4711 OR email Coldcase@arapahoegov.com Beer of the Week - Nightmare Fuel by River North Brewery Garage Grade - 4 and a quarter bottle caps out of 5  Got to CrimeCon - 2025 in Denver, September 5 - 7, use our code TCG and save 10% More True Crime Garage can be found on Patreon and Apple subscriptions with our show - Off The Record.  Catch dozens of episodes of Off The Record plus a couple of Bonus episodes and our first 50 when you sign up today.  True Crime Garage merchandise is available on our website's store page.  Plus get True Crime Garage Pod art that you can post on your socials on our Media page.  Follow the show on X and Insta @TrueCrimeGarage / Follow Nic on X @TCGNIC / Follow The Captain on X @TCGCaptain  Thanks for listening and thanks for telling a friend.  Be good, be kind, and don't litter! 

Check out our new book "She Prays Like a Girl" at PrayingChristianWomen.com/likeagirl today! Join us for short, daily Lenten meditations to help you draw closer to God in prayer and scripture reading as we prepare our hearts leading up to Resurrection Sunday!If you haven't committed your life to Jesus but have a desire to do so, a great resource is the Navigators' "Bridge to Life" illustration. Find it here: https://www.navigators.org/resource/the-bridge-to-life/

A WPProAtoZHost.com Company.... Interview with Derek Ashauer from Conversion Bridge listen here or find it now in your favourite Podcast App. Conversion Bridge plugin aims to be a one-stop solution to help site owners and agencies get their website analytics onto their site easily and track every important metric they need. The post Interview 64 with Derek Ashauer from Conversion Bridge WP appeared first on WordPress Plugins A to Z.

Hosts Pastor Robert Baltodano and Guest Pastor Bill Penna Question Timestamps: Michael, email (2:18) - Was Judas always going to betray Jesus? If not, how do you think Jesus's sacrifice for the world would have played out? Sylvana, FL (5:54) - Who is the woman that flees from the dragon in Revelation? Email (11:06) - My daughters disagree on whether to tell their kids about Santa, should we play along or tell them he doesn't exist? Brian and James, NY (14:47) - Where did Catholics get the idea to pray to Mary, the saints, and statues? Gary, MS (20:04) - Why was God concerned about the Tower of Babel? Wouldn't they have run out of air when they built up high enough? Michael, Facebook (25:12) - What are some verses that back up that baptism isn't for salvation? John, NJ (35:55) - Is there anything in the Bible that says what God does for fun in heaven? How will we enjoy heaven? Brandy, ID (48:25) - If your parents baptized you as a young child, should you get baptized again of your own accord? Is there any scripture to back that up? KC, GA (54:45) - Can you explain the story of Lazarus and the rich man? Ask Your Questions: 888-712-7434 Answers@bbtlive.org

Bridging innovation gaps This month, as we celebrate Women's History Month, we're highlighting women who have trailblazed in their fields and the lessons we can learn from their leadership journeys. Today I want to explore the question: how do you bridge innovation gaps? One standout leader is Rachel Moyle Smith, who revolutionized veterans' healthcare. Her approach teaches us that innovation often comes from finding the right connections and building smart partnerships. Ready to bridge innovation gaps in your own work? To find out more about my work, please visit Dana Williams Consulting LinkedIn Instagram Email: hello@danawilliamsco.com The Strengths Journal™ is the only Gallup-certified, purpose-driven daily planner that helps you actively use your strengths to plan your days. Get your copy today.

Mary Kay Cabot joined Baskin and Phelps and shared her insight on the Browns acquiring Kenny Pickett from the Eagles. She discussed what she expects his role to be in the quarterback room and why she believes the Browns aren't done making quarterback moves in free agency. She also talks about why Myles Garrett decided to stay in Cleveland, and whether or not the Browns could pick up Kyle Juszczyk in free agency.

Dan and Jay are still slightly disappointed!

Do you know which generation is most frustrated with Gen Z? Or why millennials seem to get such a bad reputation? Join Gene Marks as he chats with Jason Dorsey, president of the Center for Generational Kinetics and author of Zconomy, to explore the dynamics between the five generations in today's workforce. From bridging the divide between Gen Z and millennials to understanding what motivates each generation, Jason shares data-driven insights and actionable advice for leaders and teams. Discover how generational differences can impact communication, retention, and even sales, and learn practical strategies to turn these challenges into opportunities. Topics include: 00:00 – Episode preview and welcome 01:06 – About the Center for Generational Kinetics (CGK) 03:43 – Why generational understanding matters 05:26 – Exploring generational nuances in millennials 07:34 – Generational frustrations and millennial misconceptions 10:36 – Gen Z vs. millennials in the workforce 13:12 – Cross-generational collaboration strategies 17:05 – The importance of stability for Gen Z 18:19 – Creating generational snapshots for businesses 25:28 – Practical tips for multi-generational teams 29:07 – Surprising Gen Z findings 31:08 – Wrap up and thank you How to attract Gen Z employees: https://bit.ly/3DxIHTI Check out this 12-minute, on-demand webinar for more advice on bridging the generational gap: https://bit.ly/41HKJJ0 DISCLAIMER: The information presented in this podcast, and that is further provided by the presenter, should not be considered legal or accounting advice, and should not substitute for legal, accounting, or other professional advice in which the facts and circumstances may warrant. We encourage you to consult legal counsel as it pertains to your own unique situation(s) and/or with any specific legal questions you may have.  

Did you know that there's a small, but mighty, army of Community Health Workers in New York City, fighting to ensure people have what they need to live healthy lives? In this episode of The Remedy, Dr. Michael Shen sits down with two inspiring guests in Brooklyn: Natasha McIntosh White, a Community Health Worker Supervisor, and Nkrumah Powell, a Community Health Worker. They unpack the vital role Community Health Workers play in bridging the gap between medical care and social needs like housing, food , and transportation. With over 250 workers, NYC Health + Hospitals has built one of the largest programs in the nation.   Working in some of New York City's most underserved neighborhoods, they help patients navigate a complex system, by guiding and empowering them. From getting people housing to putting food in an empty fridge  to walking patients to doctors appointments, Community Health Workers Natasha and Nkrumah share moving patient stories, trust-building, and small wins that make a big impact. Join us for an inside look into what it takes to meet patients where they are and the phenomenal work of Community Health Workers.Follow UsTwitter @NYCHealthSystemFacebook @NYCHealthSystemInstagram @NYCHealthSystemLinkedIn @NYC Health + Hospitals YouTube @NYCHealthSystem Presented by NYC Health + Hospitalswww.NYCHealthAndHospitals.org

View the Show Notes Page for This Episode Become a Member to Receive Exclusive Content Sign Up to Receive Peter's Weekly Newsletter Jeff English is a trauma-focused clinical counselor with extensive experience working with adults, teens, families, and groups across various settings, including career counseling, life coaching, addiction recovery, professional workshops, and private practice. In this episode, Jeff shares insights from his work as a trauma therapist, exploring how moments of perceived helplessness shape behaviors and how adaptive strategies can become maladaptive over time. He discusses the concept of the “trauma tree,” examining its roots (causes) and branches (consequences), and highlights a powerful framework used at the Bridge to Recovery, a residential workshop where Jeff serves as an outreach specialist. Jeff reflects on the transformative power of group therapy, the role of vulnerability in fostering connection, and the challenges of letting go of control. He also offers practical advice on finding a great trauma therapist, balancing personal growth within relationships, and recognizing when it's time to seek help. We discuss: Defining trauma—a loaded word [3:00]; The therapeutic process at The Bridge to Recovery: confronting discomfort, embracing vulnerability, and reframing one's story [5:45]; The roots of the trauma tree: the foundational wounding experiences that shape adaptive survival behaviors [11:30]; The branches of the trauma tree: how trauma manifests through co-dependency, addictive patterns, insecure attachments, and more [17:30]; The connection between trauma manifestations and underlying wounding experiences, trauma triggers, and the importance of surrender in the healing process [24:00]; How surrendering control, eliminating distractions, and practicing vulnerability are essential components of the healing process [32:45]; How adaptive behaviors developed during childhood in response to trauma can become maladaptive in adulthood [43:30]; The difference between shame and guilt, and recognizing and addressing toxic shame and shame-driven behaviors [49:15]; The unique rules at The Bridge to Recovery that support the healing process [53:15]; Internal resistance to healing due to the fear of losing positive traits associated with trauma [58:15]; The structured storytelling process at The Bridge, and the role of peer feedback in healing [1:05:00]; The differences between immersive residential therapy and individual therapy, and how to determine the right approach for different individuals [1:09:30]; Jeff's personal journey as a client and therapist at The Bridge [1:22:00]; The generational transmission of trauma, and breaking the cycle [1:25:45]; The challenge of addressing socially acceptable maladaptive behaviors like workaholism, perfectionism, and overachievement [1:28:45]; How to determine whether struggles stem from deep-seated trauma or just bad habits, and how rewiring maladaptive behaviors requires addressing the underlying emotional wounds [1:32:30]; Breakthroughs that shatter beliefs and allows change to occur, and the process that creates this opportunity [1:39:15]; Jeff's advice on finding a therapist for trauma work [1:46:45]; The importance of connection and vulnerability [1:52:45]; How to encourage a resistant partner to seek healing [1:57:30]; Jeff's advice for those facing emotional struggles [1:59:15]; and More. Connect With Peter on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook and YouTube

CONDE MCCULLOUGH had a problem. Actually, let's restate that. The Iowa highway department, which McCullough worked for at the time (in 1914), had a problem; what McCullough had was an opportunity. His solution to Iowa's problem would, several years later, enable him to basically write his own ticket, and the name he would write on that ticket in the “destination” category would be “Oregon.” But at the time, that happy day was several years in the future and was far from certain. The problem the highway department was depending on McCullough to solve for them was a big one, and success was far from assured. The problem's name was Daniel Luten, and he was the founder and president of the National Bridge Company. And he was a patent troll — possibly America's first. (Corvallis, Benton County; 1910s) (For text and pictures, see https://offbeatoregon.com/2407a-1111b.conde-mccullough-1of2-147.657.html)

What is a poor goat family to do when their home isn't safe anymore? They move to a new land where there is plenty to eat and drink and where they will be safe from the wolves. There's just one problem: an angry troll who doesn't like their kind and doesn't want them in his valley. Will he let the goats cross the bridge, or will he make them turn back? Who will welcome them to this new land?This story is inspired by current events. Can you guess who the troll is? Do you think the goats should be allowed to cross the bridge? Brought to you by Miral Sattar of Bearily Bear Reimagined Fairy Tales, a winner of Two Signal Awards. TAKE OUR MEMBERSHIP SURVEY!https://bit.ly/417d8b3 Please take my membership survey! I want ideas and input! https://bit.ly/417d8b3

Pioneering female seniors housing leader and proud mother of two Green Berets, Kathryn Burton Gray, Founding Partner at Seniors Capital, shares insights into the history of capital markets from her 35+ years of industry experience. She also discusses trends in real estate development, operations, and services, as well as how the new administration plans to address economic deficits that will impact the seniors housing industry. This podcast was recorded at the 2025 ASHA Annual Meeting. Produced by Solinity Marketing.Sponsored by Aline, NIC MAP, Procare HR, Sage, Hamilton CapTel, Service Master, The Bridge Group Construction and Solinity. Produced by Solinity Marketing.Become a sponsor of the Bridge the Gap Network.Connect with BTG on social media:YouTubeInstagramFacebookTwitterLinkedInTikTokMeet the Hosts:Lucas McCurdy, @SeniorLivingFan Owner, The Bridge Group Construction; Senior Living Construction Renovation, CapEx, and Reposition. Joshua Crisp, Founder and CEO, Solinity; Senior Living Development, Management, Marketing and Consulting.

Janice Stein's regular Monday visit to The Bridge tackles a number of key foreign affairs issues starting with the impact a new Canadian prime minister will have on the relationship with the United States.  It's now Mark Carney versus Donald Trump --- should that make a difference? 

Check out our new book "She Prays Like a Girl" at PrayingChristianWomen.com/likeagirl today! Join us for short, daily Lenten meditations to help you draw closer to God in prayer and scripture reading as we prepare our hearts leading up to Resurrection Sunday!If you haven't committed your life to Jesus but have a desire to do so, a great resource is the Navigators' "Bridge to Life" illustration. Find it here: https://www.navigators.org/resource/the-bridge-to-life/

Hosts Pastor Robert Baltodano and Guest Pastor Bill Beckelman Question Timestamps: John, NJ (1:50) - Does God obligate us to tithe first in the midst of dealing with debt? Trisha, PA (7:11) - Should I anoint my door with the oil my family member gave me? Alyssa, ID (12:43) - Can you explain the Trinity? Ivan, HI (15:34) - Why are so many churches not focusing on Revelation? Minerva, email (19:16) - Is Matthew 24 already complete? Christine, NY (23:15) - Why are pastors not calling out the sin in our culture? Michael, Facebook (33:41) - Does Acts 10:42-48 prove that water baptism isn't required for salvation? Maaa, YouTube (36:59) - Is it wrong to ask God “why?” Tim, NJ (39:31) - Is there such a thing as “luck” or “coincidence?” Will God give you anything you ask for? Ed, NJ (45:58) - What is your opinion on using hypnosis? What about in a medical sense? Is it demonic? Meslissa, YouTube (48:53) - I've heard a Christian song that says “God looks at you and wouldn't change a thing,” is this correct? Isn't the job of the Holy Spirit to transform? John, email (50:31) - Where do our spirits go when we die? Is there a good holding place and a bad holding place? Are we judged for this before the final judgement? Ask Your Questions: 888-712-7434 Answers@bbtlive.org

Jesus is coming back! • Chris Romine at Bridge University

President Trump has been threatening to “take back” the Panama Canal since he regained power. In this episode, listen to testimony from officials serving on the Federal Maritime Commission who explain why the Panama Canal has become a focus of the administration and examine whether or not we need to be concerned about an impending war for control of the canal. Please Support Congressional Dish – Quick Links Contribute monthly or a lump sum via Support Congressional Dish via (donations per episode) Send Zelle payments to: Send Venmo payments to: @Jennifer-Briney Send Cash App payments to: $CongressionalDish or Use your bank's online bill pay function to mail contributions to: Please make checks payable to Congressional Dish Thank you for supporting truly independent media! Background Sources Recommended Congressional Dish Episodes Current Events around the Panama Canal March 5, 2025. the Associated Press. Sabrina Valle, Suzanne McGee, and Michael Martina. March 4, 2025. Reuters. Matt Murphy, Jake Horton and Erwan Rivault. February 14, 2025. BBC. May 1, 2024. World Weather Attribution. World Maritime News Staff. March 15, 2019. World Maritime News. July 29, 2018. Reuters. Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 U.S. Department of State. The Chinese “Belt and Road Initiative” Michele Ruta. March 29, 2018. World Bank Group. The Trump-Gaza Video February 26, 2025. Sky News. Laws Audio Sources Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation January 28, 2025 Witnesses: Louis E. Sola, Chairman, Federal Maritime Commission (FMC) Daniel B. Maffei, Commissioner, FMC , Professor, Scalia Law School, George Mason University Joseph Kramek, President & CEO, World Shipping Council Clips 17:30 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): Between the American construction of the Panama Canal, the French effort to build an isthmus canal, and America's triumphant completion of that canal, the major infrastructure projects across Panama cost more than 35,000 lives. For the final decade of work on the Panama Canal, the United States spent nearly $400 million, equivalent to more than $15 billion today. The Panama Canal proved a truly invaluable asset, sparing both cargo ships and warships the long journey around South America. When President Carter gave it away to Panama, Americans were puzzled, confused, and many outraged. With the passage of time, many have lost sight of the canal's importance, both to national security and to the US economy. 18:45 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): But the Panama Canal was not just given away. President Carter struck a bargain. He made a treaty. And President Trump is making a serious and substantive argument that that treaty is being violated right now. 19:10 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): President Trump has highlighted two key issues. Number one, the danger of China exploiting or blocking passage through the canal, and number two, the exorbitant costs for transit. 19:20 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): Chinese companies are right now building a bridge across the canal at a slow pace, so as to take nearly a decade. And Chinese companies control container points ports at either end. The partially completed bridge gives China the ability to block the canal without warning, and the ports give China ready observation posts to time that action. This situation, I believe, poses acute risks to US national security. 19:50 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): Meanwhile, the high fees for canal transit disproportionately affect Americans, because US cargo accounts for nearly three quarters of Canal transits. US Navy vessels pay additional fees that apply only to warships. Canal profits regularly exceed $3 billion. This money comes from both American taxpayers and consumers in the form of higher costs for goods. American tourists aboard cruises, particularly those in the Caribbean Sea, are essentially captive to any fees Panama chooses to levy for canal transits, and they have paid unfair prices for fuel bunkering at terminals in Panama as a result of government granted monopoly. Panama's government relies on these exploitative fees. Nearly 1/10 of its budget is paid for with canal profit. 21:25 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): Panama has for years flagged dozens of vessels in the Iranian ghost fleet, which brought Iran tens of billions of dollars in oil profits to fund terror across the world. 21:40 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): And Chinese companies have won contracts, often without fair competition, as the infamous Belt and Road Initiative has come to Panama. China often engages in debt trap diplomacy to enable economic and political coercion. In Panama, it also seems to have exploited simple corruption. 32:40 Louis Sola: The Panama Canal is managed by the Panama Canal Authority, ACP, an independent agency of the Panamanian government. The ACP is a model of public infrastructure management, and its independence has been key to ensure a safe and reliable transit of vessels critical to the US and global commerce. 33:25 Louis Sola: In contrast, the broader maritime sector in Panama, including the nation's ports, water rights, and the world's largest ship registry, falls under the direct purview of the Panamanian government. 33:35 Louis Sola: Unfortunately, this sector has faced persistent challenges, including corruption scandals and foreign influence, particularly from Brazil and China. These issues create friction with the ACP, especially as it works to address long term challenges such as securing adequate water supplies for the canal. 33:55 Louis Sola: Although the ACP operates independently, under US law both the ACP and the government of Panama's maritime sector are considered one in the same. This means that any challenges in Panama's maritime sector, including corruption, lack of transparency, or foreign influence, can have a direct or indirect impact on the operations and long term stability of the canal. This legal perspective highlights the need for diligence in monitoring both the ACP's management and Panama government's policies affecting maritime operations. 34:30 Louis Sola: Since 2015, Chinese companies have increased their presence and influence throughout Panama. Panama became a member of the Belt and Road Initiative and ended its diplomatic relations with Taiwan. Chinese companies have been able to pursue billions of dollars in development contracts in Panama, many of which were projects directly on or adjacent to the Panama Canal. Many were no bid contracts. Labor laws were waived, and the Panamanian people are still waiting to see how they've been benefited. It is all more concerning that many of these companies are state-owned, and in some cases, even designated as linked to the People's Liberation Army. We must address the significant growing presence and influence of China throughout the Americas and in Panama, specifically. 35:20 Louis Sola: American companies should play a leading role in enhancing the canal's infrastructure. By supporting US firms, we reduce reliance on Chinese contractors and promote fair competition. 36:55 Daniel Maffei: Because the canal is essentially a waterway bridge over mountainous terrain above sea level, it does depend on large supplies of fresh water to maintain the full operations. Panama has among the world's largest annual rainfalls. Nonetheless, insufficient fresh water levels have occurred before in the canal's history, such as in the 1930s when the Madden Dam and Lake Alajuela were built to address water shortages. Since that time, the canal has undertaken several projects to accommodate larger, more modern ships. In the last couple of years, a trend of worsening droughts in the region, once again, has forced limits to the operations of the canal. Starting in June of 2023 the Panama Canal Authority employed draft restrictions and reduced the number of ships allowed to transit the canal per day. Now the Panama Canal limitations, in combination with the de facto closure of the Suez Canal to container traffic, has had serious consequences for ocean commerce, increasing rates, fees and transit times. 39:30 Daniel Maffei: Now, fortunately, Panama's 2024 rainy season has, for now, alleviated the most acute water supply issues at the canal, and normal transit volumes have been restored. That said, while the Panamanian government and Canal Authority have, with the advice of the US Army Corps of Engineers, developed credible plans to mitigate future water shortages, they also warned that it is likely that at least one more period of reduced transits will occur before these plans can be fully implemented. 41:55 Eugene Kontorovich: We shall see that under international law, each party to the treaty is entitled to determine for itself whether a violation has occurred. Now, in exchange for the United States ceding control of the canal which it built and maintained, Panama agreed to a special regime of neutrality. The essential features of this regime of neutrality is that the canal must be open to all nations for transit. That's Article Two. Equitable tolls and fees, Article Three. An exclusive Panamanian operation, Article Five. The prohibition of any foreign military presence, Article Five. Article Five provides that only Panama shall operate the canal. Testifying about the meaning of the treaty at the Senate ratification hearings, the Carter administration emphasized that this prohibits foreign operation of the canal, as well as the garrisoning of foreign troops. Now, Article Five appears to be primarily concerned about control by foreign sovereigns. If Panama signed a treaty with the People's Republic of China, whereby the latter would operate the canal on Panama's behalf, this would be a clear violation. But what if Panama contracted for port operations with a Chinese state firm, or even a private firm influenced or controlled in part by the Chinese government? The Suez Canal Company was itself, before being nationalized, a private firm in which the United Kingdom was only a controlling shareholder. Yet this was understood to represent British control over the canal. In other words, a company need not be owned by the government to be in part controlled by the government. So the real question is the degree of de jure or de facto control over a Foreign Sovereign company, and scenarios range from government companies in an authoritarian regime, completely controlled, to purely private firms in our open society like the United States, but there's many possible situations in the middle. The treaty is silent on the question of how much control is too much, and as we'll see, this is one of the many questions committed to the judgment and discretion of each party. Now turning to foreign security forces, the presence of third country troops would manifestly violate Article Five. But this does not mean that anything short of a People's Liberation Army base flying a red flag is permissible. The presence of foreign security forces could violate the regime of neutrality, even if they're not represented in organized and open military formations. Modern warfare has seen belligerent powers seek to evade international legal limitations by disguising their actions in civilian garb, from Russia's notorious little green men to Hamas terrorists hiding in hospitals or disguised as journalists. Bad actors seek to exploit the fact that international treaties focus on sovereign actors. Many of China's man made islands in the South China Sea began as civilian projects before being suddenly militarized. Indeed, this issue was discussed in the Senate ratification hearings over the treaty. Dean Rusk said informal forces would be prohibited under the treaty. Thus the ostensible civilian character of the Chinese presence around the canal does not, in itself, mean that it could not represent a violation of the treaty if, for example, these companies and their employees involved Chinese covert agents or other agents of the Chinese security forces. So this leads us to the final question, Who determines whether neutrality is being threatened or compromised? Unlike many other treaties that provide for third party dispute resolution, the neutrality treaty has no such provision. Instead, the treaty makes clear that each party determines for itself the existence of a violation. Article Four provides that each party is separately authorized to maintain the regime of neutrality, making a separate obligation of each party. The Senate's understanding accompanying to ratification also made clear that Article Five allows each party to take, quote, "unilateral action." Senator Jacob Javits, at the markup hearing, said that while the word unilateral is abrasive, we can quote, "decide that the regime of neutrality is being threatened and then act with whatever means are necessary to keep the canal neutral unilaterally." 46:35 Joseph Kramek: My name is Joe Kramek. I'm President and CEO of the World Shipping Council. The World Shipping Council is the global voice of liner shipping. Our membership consists of 90% of the world's liner shipping tonnage, which are container vessels and vehicle carriers. They operate on fixed schedules to provide our customers with regular service to ship their goods in ports throughout the world. 47:15 Joseph Kramek: As you have heard, using the Panama Canal to transit between the Atlantic and Pacific saves significant time and money. A typical voyage from Asia to the US or East Coast can be made in under 30 days using the canal, while the same journey can take up to 40 days if carriers must take alternate routes. From a commercial trade perspective, the big picture is this. One of the world's busiest trade lanes is the Trans Pacific. The Trans Pacific is cargo coming from and going to Asia via the United States. Focusing in a bit, cargo coming from Asia and bound for US Gulf and East Coast ports always transits the Panama Canal. Similarly, cargo being exported from US and East Coast ports, a large share of which are US Agricultural exports, like soybeans, corn, cotton, livestock and dairy also almost always transits the Panama Canal. The result is that 75% of Canal traffic originates in or is bound for the United States. 48:55 Joseph Kramek: We've talked about the drought in 2023 and the historic low water levels that it caused in Lake Gatún, which feeds the canal locks, a unique system that is a fresh water feed, as contrasted to an ocean to ocean system, which the French tried and failed, but which is actually active in the Suez Canal. These low water levels reduced transits from 36 transits a day to as low as 22 per day. Additionally, the low water levels required a reduction in maximum allowable draft levels, or the depth of the ship below the water line, which for our members reduced the amount of containers they could carry through the canal. This resulted in a 10% reduction in import volumes for US Gulf and East Coast ports, with the Port of Houston experiencing a 26.7% reduction. 51:10 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): Are you aware of allegations from some vessel operators of disparate treatment such as sweetheart deals or favorable rebates by Panama for canal transits? Louis Sola: Thank you for the question, Mr. Chairman, we have become aware through some complaints by cruise lines that said that they were not getting a refund of their canal tolls. When we looked into this, we found a Panamanian Executive Order, Decree 73, that specifically says that if a cruise line would stop at a certain port, that they could be refunded 100% of the fees. And as far as I know, that's the only instant where that exists. 53:05 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): So Panama was the very first Latin American country to join China's Belt and Road Initiative, and right now, China is building a fourth bridge across the Panama Canal for car traffic and light rail. Chairman Sola, why should Chinese construction of a bridge near Panama City concern the United States? Louis Sola: Mr. Chairman, we all saw the tragedy that happened here in the Francis Scott Key Bridge incident and the devastation that had happened to Baltimore. We also saw recently what happened in the Suez Canal, where we had a ship get stuck in there. It's not only the construction of the bridge, but it's a removal of a bridge, as I understand it, called the Bridge of the Americas. It was built in 1961 and that would paralyze cargo traffic in and out of the canals. 53:55 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): Panama also recently renewed the concessions for two container ports to a Chinese company, Hutchison Ports PPC. Of course, Chinese companies are controlled by the Communist Party. How does China use control of those ports for economic gain? Louis Sola: Mr. Chairman, I am a regulator, a competition regulator. And the Chinese ports that you're referring to, let me put them into scope. The one on the Pacific, the Port of Balboa, is roughly the same size as the Port of Houston. They do about 4 million containers a year. They have about 28 game tree cranes. The one on the Atlantic is the same as my hometown in Miami, they do about 1 million containers. So where Roger Gunther in the Port of Houston generates about $1 billion a year and Heidi Webb in Miami does about $200 million, the Panama ports company paid 0 for 20 years on that concession. So it's really hard to compete against zero. So I think that's our concern, our economic concern, that we would have. Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): Commissioner Maffei, anything to add on that? Daniel Maffei: Yeah, I do too also think it is important. I would point out that you don't have to stop at either port. It's not like these two ports control the entrance to the canal. That is the Canal Authority that does control that. However, I think it's of concern. I would also point out that the Panamanian government thinks it's of concern too, because they're conducting their own audit of those particular deals, but we remain very interested as well. 56:25 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): Would the facts discussed here be considered violations of the neutrality treaty in force right now between the United States and Panama? Eugene Kontorovich: So I think Senator, I think potentially they could, but it's impossible to say definitively without knowing more, in particular, about the degree of Chinese control and involvement in these companies. I think it's important to note that these port operation companies that operate the ports on both sides, when they received their first contract, it was just a few months before Hong Kong was handed over to China. In other words, they received them as British companies, sort of very oddly, just a few months before the handover. Now, of course, since then, Hong Kong has been incorporated into China, has been placed under a special national security regime, and the independence of those companies has been greatly abridged, to say nothing of state owned companies involved elsewhere in in the canal area, which raised significantly greater questions. Additionally, I should point out that the understandings between President Carter and Panamanian leader Herrera, which were attached to the treaty and form part of the treaty, provide that the United States can, quote, "defend the canal against any threat to the regime of neutrality," and I understand that as providing some degree of preemptive authority to intervene. One need not wait until the canal is actually closed by some act of sabotage or aggression, which, as we heard from the testimony, would be devastating to the United States, but there is some incipient ability to address potential violations. 58:10 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): If the United States determines that Panama is in violation of the treaty, what is the range of remedies the United States would have for that treaty violation? Eugene Kontorovich: So I think it may be shocking to people to hear today, but when one goes over the ratification history and the debates and discussions in this body over this treaty, it was clear that the treaty was understood as giving both sides, separately, the right to resort to use armed force to enforce the provisions of the treaty. And it's not so surprising when one understands that the United States made an extraordinary concession to Panama by transferring this canal, which the United States built at great expense and maintained and operated to Panama, gratis. And in exchange, it received a kind of limitation, a permanent limitation on Panamanians sovereignty, that Panama agreed that the United States could enforce this regime of neutrality by force. Now, of course, armed force should never be the first recourse for any kind of international dispute and should not be arrived at sort of rationally or before negotiations and other kinds of good offices are exhausted, but it's quite clear that the treaty contemplates that as a remedy for violations. 1:03:20 Louis Sola: I believe that the security of the canal has always been understood to be provided by the United States. Panama does not have a military, and I always believed that there's been a close relationship with Southern Command that we would provide that. And it would be nice to see if we had a formalization of that in one way or another, because I don't believe that it's in the treaty at all. 1:05:05 Daniel Maffei: While we were down there, both of us heard, I think, several times, that the Panamanians would, the ones we talked to anyway, would welcome US companies coming in and doing a lot of this work. Frankly, their bids are not competitive with the Chinese bids. Frankly, they're not that existent because US companies can make more money doing things other places, but even if they were existent, it is difficult to put competitive bids when the Chinese bids are so heavily subsidized by China. 1:06:10 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): What would China's incentive be to heavily subsidize those bids to undercut American companies and other companies? Daniel Maffei: Yeah, it's not a real short answer, but Senator, China's made no secret of its ambitious policies to gain influence of ports throughout the globe. It's invested in 129 ports in dozens of countries. It runs a majority of 17 ports, that does not include this Hong Kong company, right? So that's just directly Chinese-owned ports. So it has been a part of their Belt and Road strategy, whatever you want to call it, the Maritime Silk Road, for decades. So they believe that this influence, this investment in owning maritime ports is important to their economy. 1:07:05 Sen. Deb Fischer (R-NE): In 2021, Hutchison was awarded those two ports, Port Balboa and Port Cristobal, in a no-bid award process. Can you tell me, does the United States have any authority or recourse with the Panama Canal Authority under our current agreement with Panama to rebid those terminal concession contracts. And perhaps Mr. Kantorovich, that's more in your purview? Louis Sola: Senator, both of those ports were redone for 25 years, until 2047, I believe. And they have to pay $7 million is what the ongoing rate is for the Port of Houston- and the Port of Miami-sized concessions. Sen. Deb Fischer (R-NE): And it can't be rebid until after that date? Louis Sola: Well, I believe that that's what the comptroller's office is auditing both of those ports and that contract. That was done under the previous Panamanian administration. A new administration came in, and they called for an audit of that contract immediately. 1:20:10 Sen. Dan Sullivan (R-AK): Are the companies now controlling both sides of the Panama Canal, the Chinese companies, subject to the PRC national security laws that mandate cooperation with the military, with state intelligence agencies. Does anyone know that? Eugene Kontorovich: They're subject all the time. They're subject to those laws all the time by virtue of being Hong Kong companies. And you know, they face, of course, consequences for not complying with the wishes of the Chinese government. One of the arguments -- Sen. Dan Sullivan (R-AK): Wouldn't that be a violation of the treaty? And isn't that a huge risk to us right now that the Chinese -- Eugene Kontorovich: That is a threat to the neutrality -- Sen. Dan Sullivan (R-AK): If they invaded Taiwan, invaded the Philippines, they could go to these two companies saying, Hey, shut it down, make it hard, sink a ship in the canal. And wouldn't they be obligated to do that under Chinese law if they were ordered to by the PLA or the CCP? Eugene Kontorovich: I don't know if they'd be obligated, but certainly the People's Republic of China would have many tools of leverage and pressure on these companies. That's why the treaty specifically says that we can act not just to end actual obstructions to the canal. We don't have to wait until the canal is closed by hostile military action. Thatwould be a suicide pact, that would be catastrophic for us, but rather that we can respond at the inchoate, incipient level to threats, and then this is up to the president to determine whether this is significantly robust to constitute -- Sen. Dan Sullivan (R-AK): So aren't we kind of walking up to the idea of a suicide pact, because we've got two big Chinese companies on both ends of the Panama Canal, who, if there's a war in INDOPACOM, Taiwan that involves us and China, these companies would be obligated to do the bidding of the Chinese Communist Party and PLA? I mean, are we kind of walking up to a very significant national security threat already? Eugene Kontorovich: Yeah, certainly, there's a threat. And I think what makes the action of the Chinese government so difficult to respond to, but important to respond to, is that they conceal this in sort of levels of gray without direct control. Sen. Dan Sullivan (R-AK): Let me ask you on that topic, as my last question, Professor, let's assume that we find out. And again, it wouldn't be surprising. I think you can almost assume it that these two companies have Chinese spies or military officials within the ranks of the employees of the companies. Let's assume we found that out, somehow that becomes public. But I don't think it's a big assumption. It's probably true right now. So you have spies and military personnel within the ranks of these two companies that are controlling both ends of the Panama Canal for you, Professor, and Chairman Sola, wouldn't that be a blatant violation of Article Five of the neutrality treaty, if that were true, which probably is true? Eugene Kontorovich: Yeah, I do think it would be a clear violation. As former Secretary of State, Dean Ross said at the ratification hearings, informal forces can violate Article Five as well as formal forces. Sen. Dan Sullivan (R-AK): Is there any evidence of Chinese spies or other nefarious Chinese actors embedded in these companies? Louis Sola: Senator, we have no information of that. That's not under the purview of -- Sen. Dan Sullivan (R-AK): But you agree that would be a violation of Article Five of the neutrality treaty? Louis Sola: I do. 1:26:25 Daniel Maffei: Senator Sullivan was talking about Hutchison Ports. That's actually the same company that runs terminals on both ends of the canal. I am concerned about that. However, if we want to be concerned about that, all of us should lose a lot more sleep than we're losing because if there are spies there, then there might be spies at other Hutchinson ports, and there are other Hutchinson ports in almost every part of the world. They own the largest container port in the United Kingdom, Felix Dow, which is responsible for nearly half of Britain's container trade. They control major maritime terminals in Argentina, Australia, the Bahamas, Germany, Indonesia, Mexico, Myanmar, the Netherlands, South Korea and Tanzania. If owning and managing adjacent ports means that China somehow has operational control or strategic control over the Panama Canal, they also have it over the Suez, the Singapore Straits, the Mediterranean Sea and the English Channel. 1:35:45 Louis Sola: The fees that I think we are looking at, or have been looked at, the reason that we went there was because of the auctioning of the slots. And so what Panama did is they had a smaller percentage, maybe 20% allocation, and then they moved it up to 30% and 40% because it became a money maker for them. So as they were doing -- Sen. Marsha Blackburn (R-TN): Okay, let me interject here. The auctioning of the slots gives these the right to skip the queue? Louis Sola: Yes, ma'am. Sen. Marsha Blackburn (R-TN): Okay, so just for the record there. Continue. Louis Sola: So the auctioning of the slots. Under maritime law, it's first come first serve, but Panama has always put a certain percentage aside, and they started to put more and more. So we got a lot of complaints. We got a lot of complaints from LNG carriers that paid $4 million to go through, and we got a lot of complaints from agriculture that didn't have the money to pay to go through, because their goods were gonna go down. So if you look at the financial statements -- I'm a nerd, I look at financial statements of everybody -- the canal increased the amount of revenue that they had from about $500 million to $1.8 billion in the last three years just because of those fees. So this is what is very concerning to us. 1:39:20 Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-MN): Do you know of any instances where the United States has been singled out or treated unfairly under the neutrality treaty in the operation of the canal? Daniel Maffei: I do not. I would add that one of the reasons why saying the US is disproportionately affected by raises in Canal fees and other kinds of fees at the canal is because the United States disproportionately utilizes the canal. 1:44:55 Louis Sola: We have a US port there, SSA, out of Washington State that I actually worked on the development of that many years ago, and helped develop that. That used to be a United States Navy submarine base, and we converted that. As far as the two ports that we have, they're completely different. One is a major infrastructure footprint, and also a container port that's moving 4 million containers a year. That's really phenomenal amount. That's more than Miami, Fort Lauderdale, and you've probably got to get Tampa and a little bit of Jacksonville in there to get that type of volume. And on the other side, we have a very small port, but it's a very strategic port on the Atlantic. So how are the operations done?I don't know how they don't make money. I mean, if you want to come right down to it, if they've been operating the port for 20 years, and they say that they haven't made any money, so they haven't been able to pay the government. That's what concerns me is I don't believe that we're on a level playing field with the American ports. 1:58:50 Eugene Kontorovich: I think the charges and fees are less of an issue because they don't discriminate across countries. We pay more because we use more, but it's not nationally discriminatory. 1:59:00 Eugene Kontorovich: The presence of Chinese companies, especially Chinese state companies, but not limited to them, do raise serious issues and concerns for the neutrality of the treaty. And I should point out, in relation to some of the earlier questioning, the canal, for purposes of the neutrality treaty, is not limited just to the actual locks of the canal and the transit of ships through the canal. According to Annex One, paragraph one of the treaty, it includes also the entrances of the canal and the territorial sea of Panama adjacent to it. So all of the activities we're talking about are within the neutrality regime, the geographic scope of the neutrality regime in the treaty. 2:00:30 Daniel Maffei: I actually have to admit, I'm a little confused as to why some of the senators asking these questions, Senator Blackburn, aren't more concerned about the biggest port in the United Kingdom being run by the Chinese. Petraeus in the port nearest Athens, one of the biggest ports in the Mediterranean, is not just run by a Chinese-linked company, it's run directly by a Chinese-owned company, and I was there. So you're on to something, but if you're just focusing on Panama, that's only part. 2:01:45 Louis Sola: About a year ago, when we were having this drought issue, there was also a lot of focus on Iran and how they were funding Hamas and the Houthis because they were attacking the Red Sea. What the United States has found is that Iranian vessels are sometimes flagged by Panama in order to avoid sanctions, so that they could sell the fuel that they have, and then they can take that money and then they can use it as they wish. Panama, at the time, had a very complicated process to de-flag the vessels. There was an investigation, there was an appeals process. By the time that OFAC or Treasury would go ahead and identify one of those vessels, by the time that they were doing the appeals and stuff like this, they've already changed flags to somewhere else. So when we went to Panama, we met with the Panamanian president, and I must say that we were very impressed, because he was 30 minutes late, but he was breaking relations with Venezuela at the time because the election was the day before. We explained to him the situation. The very next day, we met with the maritime minister, with US embassy personnel and Panama actually adjusted their appeals process so to make it more expedient, so if the United States or OFAC would come and say that this Iranian vessel is avoiding sanctions, now we have a process in place to go ahead and do that, and 53 vessels were de-flagged because of that. 2:06:05 Sen. John Curtis (R-UT): Is there any reason that China can't watch or do whatever they want from this bridge to get the intel from these containers? And does that concern anybody? Louis Sola: Well, it definitely concerns Southern Command, because they've brought it up on numerous occasions that there could be some sort of surveillance or something like that on the bridges. 2:20:30 Sen. Tim Sheehy (R-MT): We segregate ourselves artificially in a way that they do not. We segregate ourselves. Let's talk about military. Let's talk about intelligence. Let's talk about economics. They don't. China doesn't work that way. It's a whole of government approach. They don't draw a delineation between an economics discussion and a military one. And their attack may not look like Pearl Harbor. It may look like an everyday ship that decides, you know, it pulls into the locks and blows itself up. And now the locks are non-functional for our usage, and we can't support an inter ocean fleet transfer, and our ability to defend it, as you referred to Chairman, is now inhibited by the fact that we no longer have the military infrastructure around the canal that we did just as recently as 1999. 2:21:10 Sen. Tim Sheehy (R-MT): So from a commercial perspective, do the shipping companies have concerns over the security of the narrow waterways? We've the Strait to Malacca, we've got the Suez Canal, we've got Gibraltar, we've got Panama. Is that a concern that's thrown around in the boardrooms of the largest shipping corporations in the world? Joseph Kramek: Senator, I think it's something they think about every day. I mean, really, it's drawn into sharp relief with the Red Sea. It was what I call a pink flamingo. There's black swans that just come up and there's pink flamingos that you can see, but you don't act. But no one really thought a whole lot that one of the most important waterways in the world could be denied, and moreover, that it could be denied for such a sustained period. The good news is that -- Sen. Tim Sheehy (R-MT): And denied, I might add, by a disaffected non-state actor of Bedouins running around with rocket launchers, who also managed to beat us in a 20 year war in Afghanistan. My point to saying all this is we're just debating operational control of the canal, yet it seems very clear to all of us that a very simple act can debilitate the canal and eliminate our ability to use it in a matter of minutes with no warning, and we have no ability to intervene or stop that. To me, that means we do not have operational control of the canal. 2:30:40 Daniel Maffei: I will say that certainly we need to look at other kinds of ways to get US companies in positions where they can truly compete with the Chinese on some of these things. Blaming it all on Panama really misses the point. I've seen the same thing in Greece, where Greece didn't want to give the concession of its largest port to a Chinese company, but because of its financial difficulties, it was getting pressure from international organizations such the IMF, Europe and even maybe some of the United States to do so. So I just ask you to look at that. 2:31:20 Daniel Maffei: Panamanians are making far more on their canal than they ever have before. That's not necessarily a bad thing, as long as it's going to the right place. But where they're really making the money is on these auctions, and that is why it remains a concern of mine and I'm sure the chairman's. That is where we are looking at, potentially, using our authority under Section 19 of the Merchant Marine Act where we could, if we can show that it is a problem with the foreign trade of the US, it's interfering with foreign trade of the US, there are certain things that we can do. Senate Foreign Relations Committee January 15, 2024 Clips 4:01:40 Marco Rubio: The thing with Panama on the canal is not new. I visited there. It was 2016. I think I've consistently seen people express concern about it, and it's encapsulized here in quote after quote. Let me tell you the former US ambassador who served under President Obama said: "the Chinese see in Panama what we saw in Panama throughout the 20th century, a maritime and aviation logistics hub." The immediate past head of Southern Command, General Laura Richardson, said, "I was just in Panama about a month ago and flying along the Panama Canal and looking at the state owned enterprises from the People's Republic of China on each side of the Panama Canal. They look like civilian companies or state owned enterprises that could be used for dual use and could be quickly changed over to a military capability." We see questions that were asked by the ranking member in the house China Select Committee, where he asked a witness and they agreed that in a time of conflict, China could use its presence on both ends of the canal as a choke point against the United States in a conflict situation. So the concerns about Panama have been expressed by people on both sides of the aisle for at least the entire time that I've been in the United States Senate, and they've only accelerated further. And this is a very legitimate issue that we face there. I'm not prepared to answer this question because I haven't looked at the legal research behind it yet, but I'm compelled to suspect that an argument could be made that the terms under which that canal were turned over have been violated. Because while technically, sovereignty over the canal has not been turned over to a foreign power, in reality, a foreign power today possesses, through their companies, which we know are not independent, the ability to turn the canal into a choke point in a moment of conflict. And that is a direct threat to the national interest and security the United States, and is particularly galling given the fact that we paid for it and that 5,000 Americans died making it. That said, Panama is a great partner on a lot of other issues, and I hope we can resolve this issue of the canal and of its security, and also continue to work with them cooperatively on a host of issues we share in common, including what to do with migration. 4:38:35 Sen. Mike Lee (R-UT): Now, President Trump has recently talked a little bit about the fact that there are some questions arising about the status of the Panama Canal. When we look to the treaty at issue, the treaty concerning the permanent neutrality and operation of the Panama Canal, we're reminded that some things maybe aren't quite as they should be there right now. Given that the Chinese now control major ports at the entry and the exit to the canal, it seems appropriate to say that there's at least an open question. There's some doubt as to whether the canal remains neutral. Would you agree with that assessment? Marco Rubio: Yes. Here's the challenge. Number one, I want to be clear about something. The Panamanian government, particularly its current office holders, are very friendly to the United States and very cooperative, and we want that to continue, and I want to bifurcate that from the broader issue of the canal. Now I am not, President Trump is not inventing this. This is something that's existed now for at least a decade. In my service here, I took a trip to Panama in 2017. When on that trip to Panama in 2017 it was the central issue we discussed about the canal, and that is that Chinese companies control port facilities at both ends of the canal, the east and the west, and the concerns among military officials and security officials, including in Panama, at that point, that that could one day be used as a choke point to impede commerce in a moment of conflict. Going back to that I -- earlier before you got here, and I don't want to have to dig through this folder to find it again, but -- basically cited how the immediate past head of Southern Command, just retired general Richardson, said she flew over the canal, looked down and saw those Chinese port facilities, and said Those look like dual use facilities that in a moment of conflict, could be weaponized against us. The bipartisan China commission over in the House last year, had testimony and hearings on this issue, and members of both parties expressed concern. The former ambassador to Panama under President Obama has expressed those concerns. This is a legitimate issue that needs to be confronted. The second point is the one you touched upon, and that is, look, could an argument be made, and I'm not prepared to answer it yet, because it's something we're going to have to study very carefully. But I think I have an inkling of I know where this is going to head. Can an argument be made that the Chinese basically have effective control of the canal anytime they want? Because if they order a Chinese company that controls the ports to shut it down or impede our transit, they will have to do so. There are no independent Chinese companies. They all exist because they've been identified as national champions. They're supported by the Chinese government. And if you don't do what they want, they find a new CEO, and you end up being replaced and removed. So they're under the complete control of their government. This is a legitimate question, and one that Senators Risch had some insight as well. He mentioned that in passing that needs to be looked at. This is not a joke. The Panama Canal issue is a very serious one. 4:44:30 Marco Rubio: In 2016 and 2017 that was well understood that part of the investments they made in Panama were conditioned upon Panama's ability to convince the Dominican Republic and other countries to flip their recognition away from Taiwan. That happened. Jen Briney's Recent Guest Appearances Travis Makes Money: Give and Take: Music by Editing Production Assistance

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