Podcasts about foresters

Foresters are pretty good at stand-level silviculture. But what if we want to make changes to forest vegetation at a much larger scale? Silviculture at scale to impact landscape-level change is much trickier, whether that's aiming for a target age-class distribution or meeting the broad habitat needs of birds. Where do we even begin?  In walks the concept of Dynamic Forest Restoration Blocks, or the strategy of breaking up the landscape into manageable and biologically meaningful units where we can focus on specific forest management objectives. Join us on this episode as we talk with pioneers of this concept, Jeff Larkin, professor in the Department of Biology at Indiana University of Pennsylvania and Forest Bird Advisor with the American Bird Conservancy, and Dan Heggenstaller, North Central Regional Forester with the Pennsylvania Game Commission.Send us a text To earn CEU/CFE credits, learn more, or interact with SilviCast, visit the uwsp.edu/SilviCast.

(00:00:00) Full Show | May 16 (00:01:47) Foresters fume at new rules in Tairāwhiti (00:09:47) Wetland or livestock? Methane study holds the answer (00:19:21) Government methane target must come down (00:28:43) The Final Word In this episode: News Wrap | Foresters fume at new rules in Tairāwhiti1:48 – Senior reporter Richard Rennie tells Bryan that foresters are not happy with new rules being put forward on the East Coast. They say at best they'll be hard to achieve and at worst will make forestry impossible.Feature | Wetland or livestock? Methane study holds the answer9:48 – NIWA scientist Dr Christian Stiegler talks about a research project that will give us the ability to differentiate methane emitted by livestock from that emitted from wetlands. It could give farmers and policy-makers more insight into where emissions come from and how to manage them better.Feds Focus | Government methane target must come down19:22 – Federated Farmers meat and wool chair Toby Williams says he's urging the government not to stick with its likely 24% reduction target for methane. He says it's a death sentence for the sheep and beef sector.The Final Word28:44 – Some processors are rolling out sustainability programmes for their farmer-suppliers, and according to Fonterra, theirs is helping move some commodity products into value-add territory. The increased transparency and certainty has led some customers to buy on contract, rather than at auction, with farmers being rewarded for their work.

Senior reporter Richard Rennie tells Bryan that foresters are not happy with new rules being put forward on the East Coast. They say at best they'll be hard to achieve and at worst will make forestry impossible.

The National Forests and federal wilderness areas that are often taken for granted today only exist because of the efforts of some dedicated conservationists and foresters with the foresight to realize that if these lands were not protected, they would be logged and developed into oblivion. To share the history of how U.S. public lands were rescued, joining me on the podcast this week is Jeffrey Ryan, a well-traveled hiker and the author of “This Land Was Saved for You and Me.” Podcast Links for Show notes Download my free eBook 5 Steps to Your Best Garden Ever - the 5 most important steps anyone can do to have a thriving garden or landscape. It's what I still do today, without exception to get incredible results, even in the most challenging conditions. Subscribe to the joegardener® email list to receive weekly updates about new podcast episodes, seasonal gardening tips, and online gardening course announcements. Check out The joegardener® Online Gardening Academy for our growing library of organic gardening courses. Follow joegardener® on Instagram, Facebook, Pinterest, and Twitter, and subscribe to The joegardenerTV YouTube channel.

Click to Subscribe: https://bit.ly/Youtube-Subscribe-SoapDirt The Bold and the Beautiful sees Hope Logan (Annika Noelle) finds herself in a precarious situation as she faces the loss of power she and Carter Walton (Lawrence Saint-Victor) gained. As the Foresters reclaim their rightful place, Hope's life starts to unravel, sparking a vengeful streak in her. The narrative suggests Thomas Forrester (Matthew Atkinson) could become an unwitting pawn in Hope's retaliation plan against those she perceives as her wrongdoers.  Bold and Beautiful sees Carter Walton getting closer to Daphne Rose (Murielle Hilaire), leaving Hope alone and jobless with a grudge against the Foresters, specifically Ridge Forrester (Thorsten Kaye) and Steffy Forrester (Jacqueline MacInnes Wood). In this tumultuous setting, Thomas Forrester's potential return could add a twist to the plot on the CBS soap opera.  B&B hints at an impending anniversary of a failed proposal between Hope and Thomas, which could serve as a catalyst for Hope's revenge strategy. Could it be that Hope is marrying Thomas to gain leverage against the Foresters and regain her lost status? Visit our Bold and the Beautiful section of Soap Dirt: https://soapdirt.com/category/bold-and-the-beautiful/ Listen to our Podcasts: https://soapdirt.podbean.com/ Check out our always up-to-date Bold and the Beautiful Spoilers page at:  https://soapdirt.com/bold-and-the-beautiful-spoilers/ Check Out our Social Media... Twitter: https://twitter.com/SoapDirtTV Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SoapDirt Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/soapdirt/ TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@soapdirt Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/soapdirt/

Click to Subscribe: https://bit.ly/Youtube-Subscribe-SoapDirt The Bold and the Beautiful is hinting at the possible return of Thomas Forrester, played by Matthew Atkinson. After a nine-month hiatus, rumors are circulating about his comeback following Hope Logan's (Annika Noelle) impending life crisis. Last seen in July 2024, Thomas, his son Douglas Forrester (Henry Joseph Samiri), and his then-fiancé Paris Buckingham (Diamond White) had returned to LA to announce their engagement. However, the wedding never took place, and Paris has since moved on to other projects.  Bold and Beautiful sees Thomas had previously proposed to Hope, but she was not ready for marriage. Following her rejection, Steffy Forrester (Jacqueline MacInnes Wood) encouraged Thomas to leave town with Douglas, leading to his immediate engagement to Paris. Now, with Hope's life in turmoil, Carter Walton's (Lawrence Saint-Victor) growing attraction to Daphne Rose (Murielle Hilaire), and the Foresters on the verge of regaining their company, Thomas's return could be imminent. The show's official Instagram account recently hinted at Thomas's return in a game post, further fueling the speculation.  Visit our Bold and the Beautiful section of Soap Dirt: https://soapdirt.com/category/bold-and-the-beautiful/ Listen to our Podcasts: https://soapdirt.podbean.com/ Check out our always up-to-date Bold and the Beautiful Spoilers page at:  https://soapdirt.com/bold-and-the-beautiful-spoilers/ Check Out our Social Media... Twitter: https://twitter.com/SoapDirtTV Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SoapDirt Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/soapdirt/ TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@soapdirt Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/soapdirt/

  Click to Subscribe: https://bit.ly/Youtube-Subscribe-SoapDirt The Bold and the Beautiful sees Hope Logan (Annika Noelle) finds herself in hot water as her father, Deacon Sharpe (Sean Kanan), steps in to support her. The drama unfolds in the aftermath of the failed coup at Forrester Creations, with Hope struggling to maintain her authority and prevent Carter Walton (Lawrence Saint-Victor) from returning the company to Ridge Forrester (Thorsten Kaye), Steffy Forrester (Jacqueline MacInnes Wood), and Eric Forrester (John McCook).  Bold and Beautiful sees Brooke Logan (Katherine Kelly Lang) tries to convince Ridge to return home, but tensions remain high as Hope continues to run Forrester Creations and live on Brooke's property. Despite the pressure from Brooke and Daphne Rose (Murielle Hilaire), Carter Walton (Lawrence Saint-Victor) is pushed to the brink by Hope's insistence on retaining control over the company on the CBS soap opera.  Bold and Beautiful actor Sean Kanan, reveals that he has filmed several scenes with Hope, indicating a major storyline involving the father-daughter duo. As the Foresters reclaim their rightful place, Hope's future looks bleak, potentially leading to a job offer from Deacon at his restaurant. Hope's relationship with her mother, Brooke Logan (Katherine Kelly Lang), is strained when she learns that Brooke has been urging Carter to return the company. This could lead Hope to distance herself from Brooke and Carter, seeking solace in Deacon's unwavering support.  Visit our Bold and the Beautiful section of Soap Dirt: https://soapdirt.com/category/bold-and-the-beautiful/ Listen to our Podcasts: https://soapdirt.podbean.com/ Check out our always up-to-date Bold and the Beautiful Spoilers page at:  https://soapdirt.com/bold-and-the-beautiful-spoilers/ Check Out our Social Media... Twitter: https://twitter.com/SoapDirtTV Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SoapDirt Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/soapdirt/ TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@soapdirt Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/soapdirt/

Foresters are increasingly aware of the importance of prescribed fire as a silvicultural tool in the maintenance and management of fire-adapted forest ecosystems.  At the same time concerns remain over the impact of those fires on the timber resource. Join us for a conversation with Mike Saunders, Professor of Silviculture in the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources at Purdue University, as we explore the effects of prescribed fire on tree wounding and timber quality in the oak-hickory forests of North America.  To earn CEU/CFE credits, learn more, or interact with SilviCast, visit the uwsp.edu/SilviCast.

When taking a hike, people don't often think about everything it takes to keep trails operational. The bridge building, the trail restoration, the habitat enhancement, the invasive species management and so on. The work often goes unseen. And if you don't spend much time thinking about the work that takes place, even less time is spent thinking about the people that do the work. The image of burly guys in flannel with hardhats and chainsaws come to mind. Rough and tough individuals who would have been lumberjacks or coal miners in previous generations. Now, wearing safety orange they tend to the land for the benefit of all Pennsylvanians. Yeah. That's just not the case. While many of those guys and gals are still out there performing the work, often time projects are being done by kids. Well not kids, kids but young adults ages 15 to 25. Members of the Pennsylvania Outdoor Corps take on projects across dozens of state parks and forests every year through programs lasting 6 weeks to nine months. Mentored by older individuals, these crews complete tens of thousands of hours of work on improvement projects while also receiving training and education and developing team building and career opportunities.The Pennsylvania Outdoor Corps was created by DCNR Sec. Cindy Adams Dunn to connect youth and young adults with job opportunities relating to the outdoors and the environment. On this episode, we're going to be exploring the work they do, their service to the Commonwealth and the careers that come from working in the Pennsylvania Outdoor Corps.On this episode, I speak with Michael Piaskowski. Mike is the manger of the Pennsylvania Outdoor Corps. Be sure to support our 2025 sponsors:Keystone Trails AssociationPurple Lizard MapsPennsylvania Parks and Forests FoundationSisters' SunflowersSupport the showVisit our website to learn more about the podcast, to purchase merch and to find out about our incredible sponsors. Follow us on Instagram and Meta to stay connected. Hosting, production and editing: Christian AlexandersenMusic: Jon SauerGraphics: Matt Davis

Click to Subscribe: https://bit.ly/Youtube-Subscribe-SoapDirt Bold and the Beautiful sees the oblivious destruction of Forrester Creations by Carter Walton (Lawrence Saint-Victor) and Hope Logan (Annika Noelle). The once thriving fashion empire appears to be heading towards bankruptcy, largely due to the duo's naive leadership and misguided decisions. Brooke Logan (Katherine Kelly Lang) , the company's experienced CEO, is currently distracted by personal issues, allowing the company to further spiral on the CBS soap opera.  B&B sees Hope Logan, who was devastated when her line was cancelled by Steffy Forrester (Jacqueline MacInnes Wood), appears less than committed to her work. Despite Carter's questionable decision to hijack the company to reinstate Hope's line, she seems more concerned with personal vendettas than actual work. The company's lack of design output, with sole designer Zende Forrester barely making a dent, further exacerbates the situation.   Bols and Beautiful sees Carter and Hope remain blissfully ignorant, convinced they're on the path to success. This misplaced belief is fueled by their contract with Daphne Rose (Murielle Hilaire), a potential lifeline they're betting everything on. However, as the Foresters watch from the sidelines, it's clear they might not have much of a company to return to if this precarious situation continues. Visit our Bold and the Beautiful section of Soap Dirt: https://soapdirt.com/category/bold-and-the-beautiful/ Listen to our Podcasts: https://soapdirt.podbean.com/ Check out our always up-to-date Bold and the Beautiful Spoilers page at:  https://soapdirt.com/bold-and-the-beautiful-spoilers/ Check Out our Social Media... Twitter: https://twitter.com/SoapDirtTV Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SoapDirt Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/soapdirt/ TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@soapdirt Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/soapdirt/

I am joined by Foresters' Ball Chief Push Koson & Publicity Officer Katee to spread the word about the 106th Foresters' Ball! This is the Best Ball you will ever attend! This years theme is Tankers Droppin & Crews a Jumpin. Tune in to hear more about this Great event.

Click to Subscribe: https://bit.ly/Youtube-Subscribe-SoapDirt Bold and the Beautiful fans are gripped by Steffy Forrester's (Jacqueline MacInnes Wood) elaborate scheme set to impact Hope Logan (Annika Noelle). Steffy's plan involves Daphne Rose (Murielle Hilaire) who is expected to infiltrate Forrester Creations, charm Carter Walton (Lawrence Saint-Victor), and assist Steffy in regaining control over the company. Hope and Carter's audacious claims of needing to steal the company to improve it have not gone unnoticed, especially by a determined Steffy on the CBS soap opera.  Bold and Beautiful sees that Carter might manage the company, but the Forresters remain the owners. Despite Hope's initial suspicions, Steffy's return is official and Hope is left agitated. This sets the stage for Daphne to enter the scene and potentially influence the vulnerable Carter. With Hope's focus on Steffy, Carter is left susceptible to Daphne's allure. Fans are left anticipating Hope's impending downfall and the return of the Foresters to power.   Visit our Bold and the Beautiful section of Soap Dirt: https://soapdirt.com/category/bold-and-the-beautiful/ Listen to our Podcasts: https://soapdirt.podbean.com/ Check out our always up-to-date Bold and the Beautiful Spoilers page at: https://soapdirt.com/bold-and-the-beautiful-spoilers/ Check Out our Social Media... Twitter: https://twitter.com/SoapDirtTV Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SoapDirt Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/soapdirt/ TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@soapdirt Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/soapdirt/

Click to Subscribe: https://bit.ly/Youtube-Subscribe-SoapDirt The Bold and the Beautiful spoilers for December 30, 2024 - Jan 3, 2025  see Electra Forrester (Laneya Grace) fresh from her unexpected dismissal from Forrester Creations, finds herself in the dangerous territory of Remy Pryce's (Christian Weissmann) hidden life. Her shocking discoveries may lead to a horrifying encounter on the CBS soap opera.  Spoilers for Bold and Beautiful see Will Spencer (Crew Morrow) seeks answers about Electra's sudden firing from his mother, Katie Logan (Heather Tom), leading to a potential family conflict. Luna Nozawa (Lisa Yamada), despite her seemingly unstable state, exhibits strategic cunning, drawing Bill Spencer (Don Diamont) into her web of deception.  Bold spoilers see Brooke Logan (Katherine Kelly Lang), with her autonomous power, faces the potential fallout of Electra's dismissal, as Carter Walton (Lawrence Saint-Victor) and Hope Logan (Annika Noelle) confront the mystery behind the decision. Amidst all this, Zende Forrester (Delon de Metz) struggles with his loyalty to Brooke and the Foresters, while also wrestling with Ridge's evident animosity towards Brooke from 12/30/2024-1/1-2025.  Visit our Bold and the Beautiful section of Soap Dirt: https://soapdirt.com/category/bold-and-the-beautiful/ Listen to our Podcasts: https://soapdirt.podbean.com/ Check out our always up-to-date Bold and the Beautiful Spoilers page at: https://soapdirt.com/bold-and-the-beautiful-spoilers/ Check Out our Social Media... Twitter: https://twitter.com/SoapDirtTV Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SoapDirt Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/soapdirt/ TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@soapdirt Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/soapdirt/

Click to Subscribe: https://bit.ly/Youtube-Subscribe-SoapDirt The Bold and the Beautiful 2-week spoilers for December 23, 2024 - January 3, 2025 see Hope Logan (Annika Noelle) finds herself in a tricky situation while Bill Spencer (Don Diamont) makes a substantial investment, and Will Spencer (Crew Morrow) shows his fiery side. Ridge Forrester (Thorsten Kaye), still reeling from Brooke Logan's (Katherine Kelly Lang) betrayal, finds solace with Taylor Hayes (Rebecca Budig), leading to a surprise for Brooke. Zende Forrester (Delon de Metz) finds himself caught in the Logan Forrester drama, trying to keep an eye on the family business developments on the CBS soap opera. Bold and Beautiful spoilers see on Christmas Eve, the Foresters celebrate in a predominantly Logan-free style, with only Donna Logan (Jennifer Gareis) present, supporting her husband Eric Forrester (John McCook) as he deals with the betrayal by Carter Walton (Lawrence Saint-Victor). Taylor is seen on Ridge's arm, seemingly unruffled after her risque encounter with Brooke. The festive spirit continues with Eric leading the Foresters in a carol sing-along at the piano.   Spoilers for The Bold and the Beautiful see Bill Spencer facing a dilemma regarding Luna Nozawa (Lisa Yamada). Will and Ivy Forrester (Ashleigh Brewer) refuse to let go of Electra's surprising dismissal, questioning Carter and Hope's leadership at Forrester Creations. Taylor anticipates a fresh start with Ridge as the New Year approaches, even as she risks heartbreak. Carter might surprise Hope with a marriage proposal, leaving her in an awkward position the weeks of 12/23/2024-1/3/2025.  Visit our Bold and the Beautiful section of Soap Dirt: https://soapdirt.com/category/bold-and-the-beautiful/ Listen to our Podcasts: https://soapdirt.podbean.com/ Check out our always up-to-date Bold and the Beautiful Spoilers page at:  https://soapdirt.com/bold-and-the-beautiful-spoilers/ Check Out our Social Media... Twitter: https://twitter.com/SoapDirtTV Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SoapDirt Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/soapdirt/ TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@soapdirt Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/soapdirt/

Click to Subscribe: https://bit.ly/Youtube-Subscribe-SoapDirt The Bold and the Beautiful spoilers escalates as Zende Forrester Dominguez (Delon de Metz), Katie Logan (Heather Tom), and Brooke Logan (Katherine Kelly Lang) make game-changing decisions that will affect the Forrester family.  B&B spoilers for the week of December 16th see Hope Logan (Annika Noelle) and Carter Walton (Lawrence Saint-Victor) luxuriating in their newfound power, much to the dismay of their peers.  Zende finds himself torn between loyalty to his family and the enticing opportunity of being the lead designer.  More Bold spoilers indicate that Katie and Brooke join the power shift, aligning themselves with Hope and Carter, and causing concern and anger among the Foresters. In the midst of these happening, Remy Pryce (Christian Weissmann)'s sinister actions towards Electra Forrester (Laneya Grace) and Will Spencer (Crew Morrow), and Brooke's unexpected return to her old position as CEO of Forrester Creations, add more fuel to the fire.  Bold and the Beautiful ends on a cliffhanger, with Brooke on the outside of the Forrester mansion, begging for a chance to talk to Ridge Forrester (Thorsten Kaye). However, Ridge, feeling betrayed, might not be open to any conversation. Visit our Bold and the Beautiful section of Soap Dirt: https://soapdirt.com/category/bold-and-the-beautiful/ Listen to our Podcasts: https://soapdirt.podbean.com/ And Check out our always up-to-date Bold and the Beautiful Spoilers page at: https://soapdirt.com/bold-and-the-beautiful-spoilers/ Check Out our Social Media... Twitter: https://twitter.com/SoapDirtTV Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SoapDirt Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/soapdirt/ TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@soapdirt Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/soapdirt/

Click to Subscribe: https://bit.ly/Youtube-Subscribe-SoapDirt Bold and the Beautiful spoilers see Ridge Forrester (Thorsten Kaye) and Eric Forrester (John McCook) are up in arms with Carter Walton's (Lawrence Saint-Victor) takeover as the new boss at Forrester Creations. Tensions rise as the Foresters strategize on how to sabotage Carter's reign. Ridge leaves the company and encourages Brooke Logan (Katherine Kelly Lang) to follow suit. Eric, regretful of not firing Carter earlier, may use his influence to meddle with the supply chain, affecting the operations of Forrester Creations on the ABC soap opera.  Bold and Beautiful spoilers see Ridge's absence raises questions about the company's future. Carter's concept depends on the Forester design reputation and legacy, jeopardized by the lack of Foresters designing for the company. Eric, along with Ridge and Steffy Forrester (Jacqueline MacInnes Wood), refuse to support Carter's leadership. The possibility of non-Forester designers coming onboard threatens the essence of FC.  Spoilers for Bold and Beautiful see Brooke seems to be caught between family and loyalty, potentially creating a rift with Ridge. Carter and Hope's self-perceived heroism adds tension to the plot, with them believing they're saving the company from the Foresters. The Foresters' next move could change the fate of Forrester Creations. Visit our Bold and the Beautiful section of Soap Dirt: https://soapdirt.com/category/bold-and-the-beautiful/ Listen to our Podcasts: https://soapdirt.podbean.com/ Check out our always up-to-date Bold and the Beautiful Spoilers page at:  https://soapdirt.com/bold-and-the-beautiful-spoilers/ Check Out our Social Media... Twitter: https://twitter.com/SoapDirtTV Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SoapDirt Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/soapdirt/ TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@soapdirt Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/soapdirt/

Click to Subscribe: https://bit.ly/Youtube-Subscribe-SoapDirt Bold and the Beautiful predictions hint that Ridge Forrester (Thorsten Kaye) faces stunning betrayals while Carter Walton (Lawrence Saint-Victor)'s coup teeters on the brink of disaster. Among the unexpected allies, Belynda from Soap Dirt foresees Justin Barber (Aaron D. Spears)'s dubious involvement in the Forester Creations takeover. Justin, infamous for his shady past and previous coup attempt against Bill Spencer (Don Diamont), seems to be conspiring with Carter.  Next week's B&B spoilers hint at Justin's continued presence, stirring suspicions about his true intentions.  Meanwhile, B&B predictions indicate that Ivy Forrester (Ashleigh Brewer) and Electra Forrester (Laneya Grace) appear to side with Carter, despite the ongoing chaos. According to our predictions, Ivy and Electra will remain loyal to Forester Creations, displaying a steadfast allegiance that might surprise Ridge. On another front, Sheila Carter (Kimberlin Brown) is expected to uncover Remy Pryce (Christian Weissmann)'s alarming obsession with Electra, putting his creepy demeanor into perspective.  Bold and the Beautiful spoilers show that Carter's reign is predicted to be short-lived, with Hope Logan (Annika Noelle) by his side. Despite Carter's strategic maneuvers, his lack of design skills and Hope's limited leadership experience set the stage for a potential downfall. Lastly, Ridge might be taken aback as the Foresters choose sides, leaving the fate of Forester Creations hanging in the balance. Visit our Bold and the Beautiful section of Soap Dirt: https://soapdirt.com/category/bold-and-the-beautiful/ Listen to our Podcasts: https://soapdirt.podbean.com/ And Check out our always up-to-date Bold and the Beautiful Spoilers page at: https://soapdirt.com/bold-and-the-beautiful-spoilers/ Check Out our Social Media... Twitter: https://twitter.com/SoapDirtTV Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SoapDirt Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/soapdirt/ TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@soapdirt Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/soapdirt/

Click to Subscribe: https://bit.ly/Youtube-Subscribe-SoapDirt Bold and the Beautiful early spoilers for December 9-13, 2024 see Brooke Logan's (Katherine Kelly Lang) patience is tested to the limit, while Hope Logan's (Annika Noelle) smugness triggers a wave of fury among the Foresters. As Ridge Forrester (Thorsten Kaye) becomes more resolute in his decisions, it only fuels Brooke's aggravation.  Bold and Beautiful spoilers see Ridge and Steffy Forrester's (Jacqueline MacInnes Wood) collective decision to sabotage Hope's future triggers much speculation. In an unexpected development, Deacon Sharpe's (Sean Kanan) surprising actions at Il Giardino add another layer of intrigue. As Steffy confronts Hope, their altercation promises to be a high point. With Carter's dismissal, much speculation surrounds Justin's next move. Bill Spencer's (Don Diamont) mysterious letter from Luna Nozawa (Lisa Yamada) adds another twist on the CBS soap opera.  Spoilers for Bold and the Beautiful see Carter's dubious use of his LLC managerial power threatens to change Forrester Creations forever. The week climaxes with Carter's shocking move at Forrester Creations and an intense cliffhanger. In the midst of this, Remy Pryce's (Christian Weissmann) unsettling behavior raises eyebrows the week of 12/9-12/13/2024. Visit our Bold and the Beautiful section of Soap Dirt: https://soapdirt.com/category/bold-and-the-beautiful/ Listen to our Podcasts: https://soapdirt.podbean.com/ Check out our always up-to-date Bold and the Beautiful Spoilers page at:  https://soapdirt.com/bold-and-the-beautiful-spoilers/ Check Out our Social Media... Twitter: https://twitter.com/SoapDirtTV Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SoapDirt Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/soapdirt/ TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@soapdirt Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/soapdirt/

  Click to Subscribe: https://bit.ly/Youtube-Subscribe-SoapDirt The Bold and the Beautiful 2-week spoilers for December 2-13, 2024 see Bill Spencer (Don Diamont) finds himself in a tricky situation with Luna Nozawa (Lisa Yamada), while Hope Logan's (Annika Noelle) continues to stir the pot. Ridge's ultimatum to Carter Walton (Lawrence Saint-Victor) adds to the tension in the Forrester camp, leading to an unexpected twist. As Brooke and Hope feud over control at Forrester Creations, Steffy Forrester (Jacqueline MacInnes Wood) and Taylor Hayes (Rebecca Budig) find solace at their Malibu Beach house. Bold and Beautiful spoilers see Deacon Sharpe's (Sean Kanan) unexpected move at Il Giardino, while Ridge and Steffy conspire against Hope's professional future on the CBS soap opera. B&B Spoilers see the complicated past between Electra Forrester (Laneya Grace) and Remy Pryce (Christian Weissmann) unravels, leading to a tense encounter with Will at Il Giardino. Meanwhile, Steffy's confrontation with Hope escalates, and Justin Barber (Aaron D. Spears) is tasked with halting Carter's coup. Carter's drastic actions could change the future of Forrester Creations forever, leaving the Foresters shocked and Bill grappling with another letter from Luna. Spoilers for Bold and the Beautiful see Remy's unsettling behavior irk Will Spencer (Crew Morrow), while Luna's manipulations aim to ensnare Bill. Amidst all this, the power struggle at Forrester Creations rages on, with Carter and Hope at the helm the weeks of 12/2-12/13/2024. Visit our Bold and the Beautiful section of Soap Dirt: https://soapdirt.com/category/bold-and-the-beautiful/ Listen to our Podcasts: https://soapdirt.podbean.com/ Check out our always up-to-date Bold and the Beautiful Spoilers page at:  https://soapdirt.com/bold-and-the-beautiful-spoilers/ Check Out our Social Media... Twitter: https://twitter.com/SoapDirtTV Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SoapDirt Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/soapdirt/ TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@soapdirt Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/soapdirt/

Foresters need to make decisions every day, and sometimes difficult decisions as we attempt to understand and address the diverse needs of the land, the landowner, and others. Similar to marking a tree, these decisions often require us to walk all the way around to see an issue from all sides. Join us on this season 5 finale of SilviCast as we talk with Marianne Patinelli-Dubay, Environmental Philosophy Program Coordinator at the State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, about ethics and silviculture. To earn CEU/CFE credits, learn more, or interact with SilviCast, visit the uwsp.edu/SilviCast.

Click to Subscribe: https://bit.ly/Youtube-Subscribe-SoapDirt Bold and the Beautiful 2-week spoilers for November 25-December 6, 2024 see Steffy Forrester (Jacqueline MacInnes Wood) is set to unleash her fury after discovering Hope Logan's (Annika Noelle) secret deeds, while Carter Walton (Lawrence Saint-Victor) is left in a scramble. Carter and Hope's plot to take control of the company using the LLC papers signed by Ridge Forrester (Thorsten Kaye) and Steffy is set to backfire, causing a major upset.  Bold and Beautiful spoilers see Electra Forrester (Laneya Grace), unaware that Remy Price (Christian Weissmann), her stalker, is in L.A., naively suggests they spend time together. Electra's past opens up to her aunt Ivy Forrester (Ashleigh Brewer) about a secret ordeal, possibly a digital stalking incident on the CBS soap opera.  Spoilers for Bold and the Beautiful see Deacon Sharpe (Sean Kanan), in need of staff at Il Giardino, may end up hiring Remy. As Hope and Carter's scheme becomes evident, Justin Barber (Aaron D. Spears) is called in to help the Foresters deal with the legal repercussions. But Justin's own past of attempting to seize control of Spencer Publications could either make him the perfect ally or the worst adversary the weeks of 11/25-12/6/2024.  Visit our Bold and the Beautiful section of Soap Dirt: https://soapdirt.com/category/bold-and-the-beautiful/ Listen to our Podcasts: https://soapdirt.podbean.com/ Check out our always up-to-date Bold and the Beautiful Spoilers page at: https://soapdirt.com/bold-and-the-beautiful-spoilers/ Check Out our Social Media... Twitter: https://twitter.com/SoapDirtTV Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SoapDirt Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/soapdirt/ TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@soapdirt Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/soapdirt/

Here in the US, we have only ever had the WRX STI, but in other parts of the world, there have been STI versions of other Subaru models like the Legacy and Forester. In the Legacy STI and Forester STI, the power and performance of the car was tweaked by the STI, which is why they got the "STI" badge. So we got to thinking, since Subaru sells the most Outbacks, Foresters, and Crosstreks of all of their models, why haven't they made "STI" versions of them for the US market? Considering the success of tuned versions of cars like the Porsche Cayenne and BMX X5, it seems like there could easily be a market for this type of vehicle. This would be perfect for those of us that had a WRX or STI, and then needed something bigger for daily use as well. This is out topic for episode #161 of the Flatirons Syndicate Podcast. Give this a listen and let us know what you think in the comments below. Thanks for listening and Stay Tuned!

Click to Subscribe: https://bit.ly/Youtube-Subscribe-SoapDirt Bold and the Beautiful spoilers for November 11th through November 15th show that Deacon, Luna, and Carter will be at the forefront of the action, shaking the very foundations of Forrester Creations.  B&B spoilers start off with Katie Ridge and Steffy discussing the fallout from Hope's firing. The conversation subtly hints at the internal and external impacts of this decision, building anticipation for the drama that is to unfold. The tensions escalate as Brooke confronts Taylor, potentially sparking a new feud that could change the dynamics of their relationships. More Bold spoilers hint at the surprising chemistry between Will and Electra, hinting at a new romance on the horizon. Meanwhile, Carter and Hope's relationship accelerates at a breakneck pace, stirring speculations and theories among viewers. The plot thickens when Electra's mysterious past comes to the surface, introducing a new character, Remy Price, played by Christian Weissman.  Thursday's episode brings Finn and Deacon into a heated argument over Hope's firing. The dispute is further complicated by Steffy and Ridge's confusion over Carter's sudden change of heart regarding Hope's dismissal from Forrester Creations.  And more Bold and the Beautiful spoilers reveal the disturbing letter from Luna to Bill, foreshadowing the return of the villainous character. Carter's plans for revenge against the Foresters come to light, adding an edge of suspense to the plot. The week promises to be a rollercoaster ride of emotions and unexpected turns, keeping fans on their toes for the next episode. Visit our Bold and the Beautiful section of Soap Dirt: https://soapdirt.com/category/bold-and-the-beautiful/ Listen to our Podcasts: https://soapdirt.podbean.com/ And Check out our always up-to-date Bold and the Beautiful Spoilers page at: https://soapdirt.com/bold-and-the-beautiful-spoilers/ Check Out our Social Media... Twitter: https://twitter.com/SoapDirtTV Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SoapDirt Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/soapdirt/ TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@soapdirt Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/soapdirt/

Click to Subscribe: https://bit.ly/Youtube-Subscribe-SoapDirt The Bold and the Beautiful early spoilers for November 11-15, 2024 see Steffy Forrester (Jacqueline MacInnes Wood) faces backlash while Thomas Forrester's (Matthew Atkinson) shares a personal update. Major players take center stage like Ridge Forrester (Thorsten Kaye) and Brooke Logan (Katherine Kelly Lang), and Carter Walton (Lawrence Saint-Victor) and Hope Logan (Annika Noelle). Brooke, in denial over Steffy's decision to fire Hope, is adamant that Ridge believes her side of the story. Meanwhile, Carter and Hope express their love, making a commitment to each other amid the turmoil. Additionally, Finn (Tanner Novlan) and Steffy's passionate relationship contrast starkly with the ongoing tension.  Bold and Beautiful spoilers see Steffy stands firm on her decision to fire Hope, despite Eric Forrester's (John McCook) attempts to mediate the situation. Bill Spencer (Don Diamont) receives a heartfelt letter from Luna Nozawa (Lisa Yamada), causing him to reflect on past events. Zende Forrester (Delon de Metz) expresses his anger at Steffy for ending the fashion line he was a lead designer on, hinting at more upheaval in the coming episodes on the CBS soap opera.  Spoilers for Bold and the Beautiful see the secret romance between Carter and Hope won't stay hidden for long, and its revelation could jeopardize Carter's image. Ivy Forrester (Ashleigh Brewer), now settled in L.A. with her jewelry line, is left questioning her chances with Liam, while Hope continues to keep Liam in the dark about her relationship with Carter. The week of 11/11-11/15/2024 ends with a cliffhanger as Carter plots to punish the Foresters. Visit our Bold and the Beautiful section of Soap Dirt: https://soapdirt.com/category/bold-and-the-beautiful/ Listen to our Podcasts: https://soapdirt.podbean.com/ Check out our always up-to-date Bold and the Beautiful Spoilers page at:  https://soapdirt.com/bold-and-the-beautiful-spoilers/ Check Out our Social Media... Twitter: https://twitter.com/SoapDirtTV Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SoapDirt Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/soapdirt/ TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@soapdirt Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/soapdirt/

It took more than two months for city workers to comb every street in Missoula inspecting trees for damage caused by the late July windstorm that pummeled western Montana. Now, Missoula officials say they're about to embark on the city's largest-ever urban forestry project.

Bruce shares key announcements including the relaunch of the 'Your Term' non-medical product designed for healthier clients with lower rates and an update on the PlanRight process aimed at making the underwriting process more efficient by eliminating the need for telephone interviews. He also details the operational changes and improvements for both paper and electronic applications, addressing how these changes will benefit agents and clients. Furthermore, Bruce emphasizes Forrester's commitment to assisting agents with an array of support channels, the importance of member benefits, and upcoming incentive programs aimed at recognizing and rewarding agents' hard work.

Click to Subscribe: https://bit.ly/Youtube-Subscribe-SoapDirt The Bold and The Beautiful spoilers reveal that Steffy and Taylor clash with the Logan family. Hope Logan struggles to maintain control of her feelings for Finn, while Bill grapples with the fallout from the Poppy Luna debacle. Despite the turmoil, Finn and Steffi's romance thrives, with the couple eager to move forward after their recent ordeal.  Other B&B spoilers indicate that the Forester family unites to celebrate Steffy's survival of a harrowing kidnapping. However, the joyous occasion is marred by the looming drama in the form of Taylor's distrust of Hope.  And, more Bold spoilers show that Bill and Poppy attempt to navigate the aftermath of Luna's destructive actions, prompting a family discussion among the Foresters. Taylor's warning to Steffy about Hope intensifies the tension, further complicated by Will Spencer's attempts to reunite his parents, Bill and Katie.  In the latter part of the week, Brooke finds herself defending Hope to Taylor, while Finn seeks to mend the strained relationship between his mother, Lee Finnegan and her sister, Poppy. As the week concludes, the surprising alignment of Liam and his brother Will's perspectives on their father's relationship drama stirs the pot, while Carter, Steffy, and Eric must deliver some disheartening news to Hope about her fashion line, 'Hope for the Future'.  Visit our Bold and the Beautiful section of Soap Dirt: https://soapdirt.com/category/bold-and-the-beautiful/ Listen to our Podcasts: https://soapdirt.podbean.com/ And Check out our always up-to-date Bold and the Beautiful Spoilers page at: https://soapdirt.com/bold-and-the-beautiful-spoilers/ Check Out our Social Media... Twitter: https://twitter.com/SoapDirtTV Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SoapDirt Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/soapdirt/ TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@soapdirt Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/soapdirt/

Missoula's Urban Forestry Division says it's examined roughly a quarter of the city's trees for damage following the storm. So far, it estimates a loss of 600 to 1,000 trees on city land alone. More than 450 have been marked for removal.

Join Glacier Banks Community Conversations with Flathead Electric's Kyle Carlson and Emily Eldridge as they explore basics and impacts of Utility Forestry, , wildfire season, and strategies for working with members to manage vegetation.

This week's product call will be hosted by Bruce Burak from Foresters. He'll be covering the new non-med Your Term product from Foresters.

This week on The Gospel Jubilee Chip and Denny will be playing music by The Foresters, The Gibson Girls, Phillips & banks, Joe Mullins & The Radio Ramblers, The Wisecarvers, Mark D. Conklin, and the mystery artists of the week.   Here are all of the ways you can listen to the Gospel Jubilee On your Echo device say, Alexa, play the Gospel Jubilee on Apple podcast. For a direct download go to: https://api.spreaker.com/v2/episodes/60729487/download.mp3   Ocean Waves Radio ... every Wednesday at 5:00 PM Eastern time., www.OceanWavesRadio.com   Thursday afternoons at 4:00 PM and Sunday mornings at 9:30 AM  EST on Southern Branch Bluegrass Radio, www.sbbradio.org   Saturday evenings at 7:00 and Wednesday afternoons at 4:00 CST on Radio For Life, www.RadioForLife.org   Legend Oldies Radio. Our broadcast will be aired every Sunday morning at 9:00 AM CDT. https://www.legendoldies.com   Playlist:   Artists |Song Title | Album   01. Zane & Donna King - Everything good - "Everything Good"   02. High Road - That's what love is - "Straight From The Heart"   03. The Foresters, God is good - "Unstoppable"   04. The Bibletones - I mean to be there - "New Beginnings"   05. The Regals - Modern day Lazarus - "Best Days"   06. Avenue Trio - New name written down in glory - "Crucified, Magnified, Glorified"   07. The Gibson Girls - A little more love - "Every Moment"   08. Kim McLean - God never gave up on me - "A Song & A Prayer"   09. The LeFevre Quartet - Never walk alone - "Nobody Like Jesus"   10. Phillips & Banks - Sweet hour of prayer - "Sing Them Again"   11. Reggie Smith - I'm not there yet - "Reggie Smith Collection"   12. Joe Mullins & the Radio Ramblers - Be Jesus to someone today - "Hymns From The Hills"   13. Doyle Lawson & QuickSilver - Help is on the way - "Help Is On The Way"   14. The Steeles - Be the reason - "Be The Reason"   15. Jim & Melissa Brady - Ever present, ever faithful - "Ever Faithful"   16. Jake Hess - Come Sunday - "Nothin' Fine ... 40 Years & Counting: Volume 1 Disk 2"   17. The Wisecarvers - Victory story - "Strike A Chord"   18. Mark Bishop - Prince of Nigeria - "You're Happy When You're Laughing"   19, 11th Hour - This is not the end - "That's Who He Is"   20. Mystery artists of the week - Double wide church - "Debut CD"   21. Mark D. Conklin - Through the storm - "The Gospel According To Mark"   22. Hillary Scott & The Scott Family - Beautiful messes - "Love Remains"   23. Balsam Range - Gonna be movin - "The Gospel Collection"  

Often, the term “clearcut” is viewed as a 4-lettered word when it comes to forest or wildlife management. But, can clearcuts provide vital resources for songbirds – including those species typically associated with mature closed canopy forests? Join us for our conversation with Dr. Patrick Ruhl as we explore his research into songbird use of clearcuts in Indiana.   Steve Hagenbuch - https://vt.audubon.org/contact/steve-hagenbuch   Audubon Vermont - https://vt.audubon.org/   Resources mentioned in episode:   Foresters for the Birds: Vermont - https://vt.audubon.org/conservation/foresters-birds   Foresters for the Birds Demonstration Sites - https://vt.audubon.org/conservation/forestry-birds-demonstration-sites   Foresters for the Birds: Birder's Dozen - https://vt.audubon.org/sites/default/files/static_pages/attachments/birdersdozen.pdf   Forest Bird Habitat Assessment - https://vt.audubon.org/sites/default/files/assessment-guide.pdf   Birds with Silviculture in Mind - https://vt.audubon.org/sites/default/files/bird-guide.pdf   Silviculture with Birds in Mind - https://vt.audubon.org/sites/default/files/silviculture-options_0.pdf   Bird Friendly Maple Project - https://vt.audubon.org/conservation/working-lands/landing/bird-friendly-maple-project  

Often, the term “clearcut” is viewed as a 4-lettered word when it comes to forest or wildlife management. But, can clearcuts provide vital resources for songbirds – including those species typically associated with mature closed canopy forests? Join us for our conversation with Dr. Patrick Ruhl as we explore his research into songbird use of clearcuts in Indiana.   Steve Hagenbuch - https://vt.audubon.org/contact/steve-hagenbuch   Audubon Vermont - https://vt.audubon.org/   Resources mentioned in episode:   Foresters for the Birds: Vermont - https://vt.audubon.org/conservation/foresters-birds   Foresters for the Birds Demonstration Sites - https://vt.audubon.org/conservation/forestry-birds-demonstration-sites   Foresters for the Birds: Birder's Dozen - https://vt.audubon.org/sites/default/files/static_pages/attachments/birdersdozen.pdf   Forest Bird Habitat Assessment - https://vt.audubon.org/sites/default/files/assessment-guide.pdf   Birds with Silviculture in Mind - https://vt.audubon.org/sites/default/files/bird-guide.pdf   Silviculture with Birds in Mind - https://vt.audubon.org/sites/default/files/silviculture-options_0.pdf   Bird Friendly Maple Project - https://vt.audubon.org/conservation/working-lands/landing/bird-friendly-maple-project

Click to Subscribe: https://bit.ly/Youtube-Subscribe-SoapDirt Bold and the Beautiful predictions for the CBS soap tease action for RJ Forrester, Luna Nozawa, Sheila Carter, Deacon Sharpe, and many others. The predictions from Belynda at Soap Dirt are always based on confirmed spoilers and recent episodes! The upcoming wedding of Deacon Sharpe (Sean Kanan) and Sheila Carter (Kimberlin Brown) is a key event. Hope Logan's (Annika Noelle) involvement in the wedding planning hints at her possible approval of this union, stirring potential controversy among other characters. Predictions for B&B, ask if the Deacon and Sheila wedding may face interruptions and protests by characters like Steffy (Jacqueline MacInnes Wood), Ridge (Thorsten Kaye) or Li Finnegan (Naomi Matsuda).  The Bold prediction extends to a potential surprise in Sheila's choice of wedding attire, possibly from Hope's fashion line, which would stir further drama among the Foresters.  Sheila may display her true nature when alone with Steffy, while Luna's (Lisa Yamada) potential pregnancy by RJ Forrester adds another layer of tension in the storyline. The paternity of Luna's alleged child could be a significant plot twist, potentially involving other characters like Zende (Delon de Metz).  Visit our Bold and the Beautiful section of Soap Dirt:  https://soapdirt.com/category/bold-and-the-beautiful/ Listen to our Podcasts: https://soapdirt.podbean.com/ Check out our always up-to-date Bold and the Beautiful Spoilers at:  https://soapdirt.com/bold-and-the-beautiful-spoilers/ Check Out our Social Media... Twitter: https://twitter.com/SoapDirtTV Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SoapDirt Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/soapdirt/ TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@soapdirt Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/soapdirt/

Click to Subscribe:  https://bit.ly/Youtube-Subscribe-SoapDirt Bold and the Beautiful sees the unexpected resurrection of the notorious Sheila Carter (Kimberlin Brown) sends shockwaves through the members of the soap opera's intricate narrative. From May -17, 2024 viewers are drawn into a riveting storyline as Sheila returns from the dead, much to the horror of Hope Logan (Annika Noelle) and Steffy Forrester (Jacqueline MacInnes Wood). Contrarily, Finn (Tanner Novlan) and Deacon (Sean Kanan) are thrilled with Sheila's comeback, believing she deserves a second chance.  In the ensuing drama on the CBS soap opera, Hope Logan struggles with the shocking revelation of Sheila's survival and her father's re-engagement, while Steffy Forrester grapples with the reality of Sheila's return and its implications on her relationship with Finn. The tension further escalates as Steffy's maternal instincts kick in, desperately wanting to keep Sheila away from her children.  Meanwhile, Liam Spencer (Scott Clifton) sees Sheila's return as an opportunity amid the chaos, and Deacon's proposal to Sheila potentially fast-tracks a controversial wedding on B&B. As word of Sheila's survival spreads, the Foresters and other characters react with a mix of disbelief, anger, and distress.  With Sheila back in the picture, viewers can expect a series of thrilling confrontations, complex relationship dynamics, and intense emotional turmoil in the coming episodes. Stay tuned as Bold and the Beautiful continues to unfold this riveting storyline the weeks of 05/06-05/17/2024. Visit our Bold and the Beautiful section of Soap Dirt:  https://soapdirt.com/category/bold-and-the-beautiful/ Listen to our Podcasts:  https://soapdirt.podbean.com/ And check out our always up-to-date Bold and the Beautiful Spoilers page at:  https://soapdirt.com/bold-and-the-beautiful-spoilers/ Check Out our Social Media... Twitter: https://twitter.com/SoapDirtTV Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SoapDirt Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/soapdirt/ TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@soapdirt Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/soapdirt/

Click to Subscribe:  https://bit.ly/Youtube-Subscribe-SoapDirt Bold and the Beautiful sees the marriage of Finn (Tanner Novlan) and Steffy Forrester (Jacqueline MacInnes Wood) is facing a potential upheaval as Sheila Carter (Kimberlin Brown), Finn's biological mother, returns from the dead.  This unexpected revival instigates a civil war within the couple's relationship, given Sheila's notorious past and her contentious relationship with the Foresters and Logans. Finn insists on calling Sheila 'mom', indicating his willingness to accept her back into his life, much to Steffy's chagrin.  Sheila's past is rife with dark deeds including kidnapping and shooting members of Steffy's family, making her acceptance into their lives a difficult task. However, the recent revelation that Sheila was attempting to save Steffy from the dangerous Sugar, and her successful act of saving Kelly Spencer from drowning, complicates matters further. This raises questions about Sheila's redemption, a topic likely to be explored in upcoming episodes.  The upcoming narrative also hints at Finn and Steffy's ongoing disagreement about Sheila's place in their lives, potentially causing a rift in their marriage. The return of Ivy Forrester (Ashley Brewer), and a potential reconciliation between Steffy and Liam, adds another layer of complexity to the plot. Visit our Bold and the Beautiful section of Soap Dirt:  https://soapdirt.com/category/bold-and-the-beautiful/ Listen to our Podcasts:  https://soapdirt.podbean.com/ And check out our always up-to-date Bold and the Beautiful Spoilers page at:  https://soapdirt.com/bold-and-the-beautiful-spoilers/ Check Out our Social Media... Twitter: https://twitter.com/SoapDirtTV Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SoapDirt Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/soapdirt/ TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@soapdirt Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/soapdirt/

Click to Subscribe:  https://bit.ly/Youtube-Subscribe-SoapDirt Bold and the Beautiful sees Sheila Carter's (Kimberlin Brown) resurrection send shockwaves through the show's characters, most notably Finn (Tanner Novlan) and Deacon Sharpe (Sean Kanan). The duo's burgeoning camaraderie deepens as they embark on an emotional quest to find Sheila, presumed dead for so long. This shared mission strengthens their bond, leading to an unexpected alliance that could have lasting impacts on the storyline.  Meanwhile, the Foresters, especially Steffy Forrester (Jacqueline MacInnes Wood), Ridge Forrester (Thorsten Kaye), and Eric Forrester (John McCook), reel from the shocking revelation of Sheila's survival. The family's disbelief quickly turns into resentment and anger, setting the stage for an explosive confrontation on the CBS soap opera. The tension escalates when Steffy presents her husband Finn with an ultimatum to sever ties with Sheila, a demand that may not go down well with Finn.  Adding to the drama, a possible wedding between Sheila and Deacon looms on the horizon, while Finn and Steffy's marriage appears to be on rocky ground. As Sheila's return stirs up old grudges and new alliances, viewers can expect a thrilling rollercoaster ride ahead on Bold and the Beautiful. Visit our Bold and the Beautiful section of Soap Dirt:  https://soapdirt.com/category/bold-and-the-beautiful/ Listen to our Podcasts:  https://soapdirt.podbean.com/ And check out our always up-to-date Bold and the Beautiful Spoilers page at:  https://soapdirt.com/bold-and-the-beautiful-spoilers/ Check Out our Social Media... Twitter: https://twitter.com/SoapDirtTV Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SoapDirt Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/soapdirt/ TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@soapdirt Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/soapdirt/

Today trees: from Welsh Government plans to get them planted on farms, to the ever missed English planting targets and the recent cuts to the budget for planting in Scotland, trees are the subject of much debate in rural areas. Despite our fondness for them and need for timber, we still don't like commercial forestry. Foresters warn the public's perception is hampering efforts to grow more timber. We get an overview of the state of British woodlands.The Scottish Government wildlife agency NatureScot has been holding advice sessions on wild boar and providing help for farmers and crofters dealing with them. Concerns are growing about the damage they do to grazing areas. It's claimed they kill and eat sheep and lambs, and farmers believe the Government should have taken action years ago. Presented by Charlotte Smith and produced by Beatrice Fenton.

Volatility in global markets and industry consolidation have forced the people who work the land to seek out new business models, and those workers say a 54-year-old land-use statute is stunting the innovation needed to keep the agriculture and wood products sectors alive.

02 21 24 - NAIA MBB Scores & Conference Updates - PLUS - Zach Goodline, Huntington University Foresters * Season 5 Episode 86 * Music: Hard Sell Hotel by  Shane Ivers https://www.silvermansound.com

Host Luke Barrett is joined by the Legendary CJ to promote 3 amazing fundraiser events in beautiful Missoula Montana. The 105th Foresters' Ball, Fire on Ice Hockey Tournament, and the Putt & Pull Golf and Trap Shoot. The Foresters' Ball supports scholarships for Forestry Students, Fire on Ice Hockey tournament along with the Putt & Pull support firefighters and the amazing work of the Wild Land Firefighter Foundation.

Host Luke Barrett is joined by Chief Push of the Foresters' Ball Jaiden and Foresters' Ball Publicity Officer Koson. As Chief Push Jaiden is responsible for planning and executing the Foresters' Ball she has a committee of 15 other UM students including Koson. As Publicity Officer Koson is tasked with promoting the Foresters' Ball and getting the word out about this great event. The Foresters' Ball is a one of a kind event and I highly recommend attending.

Thrillers OTR - CS Foresters London Noir - Plain Murder

An independent review has told Natural England it needs to completely change the way it engages with farmers on Dartmoor. It also says more cattle are needed for "conservation grazing" to help tackle the spread of purple moor grass and sheep farmers have been warned they'll need to demonstrate they can control their flocks and not let them overgraze areas of heather and dwarf shrubs. A Scottish nature reserve is training members of the local community to stalk deer at Creag Meagaidh in the Highlands. NatureScot says community models of deer management are common in many European countries, but this is the first time it has been tried on publicly owned land in Scotland.Applications are now open for a new £4 million Smaller Abattoir Fund. The fund is to enable abattoirs in England to improve productivity, enhance animal health and welfare, and will allow farmers to add value to their meat and encourage innovation. Abattoirs will be able to apply for funding of up to £60,000. The Rare Breeds Survival Trust welcomed that announcement - they said the network of of small abattoirs had been in sustained serious decline, and the fund offered a lifeline. All this week we've been looking at the future for rare breeds, among them North Ronaldsay sheep from the Orkney Islands and the endangered Welsh Pig.The forestry industry is using drones to drop microscopic worms or nematodes onto trees, to control pests. Foresters say it helps them reach areas that machinery can't.A virtual world is being used to get children interested in conservation. The Crown Estate has teamed up with Microsoft to create a version of the very popular world-building game Minecraft, based on Windsor Great Park. Presenter = Charlotte Smith Producer = Rebecca Rooney

During the Great War the demand for timber for the front line exceeded at one stage 50,000 tonnes a month.  But where on earth could this amount of timber be sourced and who would be capable of felling that many trees?In WW1 over 35,000 men served in the Canadian Forestry Corps; recruited from the millions of acres of Canadian wilderness, these were physically tough men who thrived on the backbreaking work of lumberjacking. In this episode we look at a little-known aspect of the war, but one which was utterly vital to the wider war effort. Support the podcast:https://www.patreon.com/footstepsofthefallenhttps://www.buymeacoffee.com/footstepsblog

Randal O'Toole, an American policy analyst, discusses his maverick career, non consensus views on urban planning, transportation, and housing in this interview. O'Toole runs the Thoreau Institute as well as the popular policy blog, The Antiplanner. He has written several books and hundreds of policy papers from a free market perspective on urban planning, government policy, housing, rail and other related land use topics. We explore his belief that urban planners often impose their preferences on the public, such as imposing restrictive land use planning codes to “force” people to live in apartments and use public transit, even though most people prefer single-family homes and driving. O'Toole also shares the impact of the pandemic on urban planning, reinforcing existing trends such as people moving to the suburbs and working from home. We discuss the potential of autonomous vehicles in replacing public transit in the future as well as his views on cycling. In this interview, O'Toole critiques the idea of planning itself and promotes the repeal of federal and state planning laws and the closure of state and local planning departments. He explores in detail why planning fails, through documentation of planning disasters, while giving context of his perspective on land use issues in Hawaii such as cycling, light rail, affording housing, and agricultural lands as well as providing solutions for environmental protection and stewardship.Topics / Time Stamps* (2:08) On Biking in Oahu* (12:33) Educational Background and Current Work* (16:05) Economics vs Planning* (20:31) The Iconoclastic Mindset* (24:25) Buses vs Light Rail* (26:55) Criticism of the Honolulu Light Rail System* (33:47) On New Urbanism* (43:45) Urban Planning and the Pandemic* (46:16) Solutions to non utilized urban cores / skyscrapers * (49:06) The Iron Triangle* (51:30) Autonomous vehicles as an alternative* (54:07) Houston as Model* (59:18) Incentive-based conservation* (1:04) The Grassroot Institute* (1:06) Hawaii Land Use Reforms Recommendations* (1:12) Vacancy Taxes as Symptom * (1:15) On Optimism* (1:17) Policy Briefs The Antiplanner: https://ti.org/antiplanner/Policy Briefs: https://ti.org/antiplanner/?page_id=16274The Education of an Iconoclast: https://ti.org/antiplanner/?page_id=16272Leafbox:Today I had the pleasure of speaking and learning from Randal O'Toole. He's an American policy analyst. He's written several books, hundreds of policy papers, and he provides solutions from a free market perspective to various problems. He runs a popular blog called The Antiplanner, and he's featured in several debates on urbanism, environmentalism, government policy. But today I was curious about exploring his biography and discussing his memoir, the Education of an Iconoclast. We discussed his shift from forestry to economics, his 50 year career, his thoughts on light rail and other transportation, housing solutions, bus, Hawaii, top down urban planning, Houston as a model for development and other topics. I hope you enjoy. Thanks for listening.Leafbox:Hi, good afternoon, Randal.Randal O'Toole:Can you hear me?Leafbox:Now I can. Perfect. Thank you for your punctuality and for rearranging the meeting. I know you're a busy man.Randal O'Toole:Great.Leafbox:Well, Randal, I just thank you so much for your time. I've been reading your blog on and off for years and this morning I was biking. I live in Oahu, so I think that's important visual wise.Randal O'Toole:Oh, I hate biking in Oahu. It is so awful.Leafbox:I bike every day about 10, 12 miles to drop off my daughter back and forth. I was listening to some of your debates you've had with people, mainly James Kunstler and obviously I love biking. I wanted to start with biking. There are many debates you have online about the pros and cons of government planning and light rail, but I really wanted to start with your relationship with cycling and how that influenced your political evolution because I read most of your excellent biography and memoirs and I just wanted to understand how that cycling framework has influenced your analysis of cities and urban planning and design and everything.Randal O'Toole:Well, it's funny. One of the very first transportation issues I got involved in, it wasn't the first, but it was early. It was about 1975. I was invited to attend meetings of the bicycle advisory committee for the city of Portland. And I was an ardent cyclist. I didn't even have a driver's license at the time and I worked in downtown Portland and I lived in the east side, which if you know Portland means you have to cross the river. And Portland has, I think 11 bridges now. Only nine of them are open to vehicles and only seven of them are open to bicycles. And the lanes tended to be pretty narrow and there was a lot of on and off ramps on some of those bridges. So I went to the advisory committee and I said, you need to put some curb cuts to make it easy for bicycles to use the sidewalks so that they aren't blocking your narrow lanes.A couple of the bridges, the lanes were only like 12 feet wide and there was no ability to pass because there were structures on both sides of the lanes. And so if you were bicycling, it was kind of scary to have cars pass you in this narrow lane if you were in the lane. Now there was a sidewalk, but you couldn't get up to the sidewalk without stopping and getting off your bike and lifting the bike onto the sidewalk and so on. So I said, put in curb cuts. And the city said, oh, we can't do that. It would be too dangerous when the bicycles come off, the cars wouldn't expect it. And they'd hit the bicyclists and two years later they put in all the curb cuts and all the places I recommended. So I stopped going to those advisory committee meetings, but they ended up doing what I recommended.Now it wasn't because I had recommended it, it was because that was the logical place to put it. Since then, I occasionally participated in bicycle proposals, but today what I'm seeing is that the bicycle community has been captured by the anti automobile community. Even though at the time I didn't have a driver's license, I wasn't anti automobile, I was a follower of John Forrester. John Forrester wrote a book called, what was it called? Anyway, he argued that bicycles were vehicles by law, they were treated as vehicles and so they should act like vehicles. They should assert themselves when they were in very narrow lanes and make sure that cars knew they were there, occupy the whole lane if necessary, but usually they should try to be a part of the flow of traffic and not expect any special lanes or anything like that. In fact, he argued that bicycle lanes actually made traffic more dangerous.What's happened since then is that we've had movements, pro bicycle movements that have made bicycle list feel like they are superior to other vehicles in traffic. There was a movement called critical mass where hundreds or thousands of bicyclists would go at rush hour one day a week and occupy some entire streets that were vital streets for people getting home and disrupt traffic as much as possible. And the bicyclists who were attending these critical mass events were told You were superior, cars are inferior, you should have the right of way over cars at all times. And what we saw happen was bicyclists then would go away from these critical mass meetings and be convinced that they were superior and they would insist on occupying right away and asserting right away when they didn't actually have it and they would get hit more frequently. And we've seen an increase in bicycle fatalities in recent years.And I think that's partly because critical mass has warped the perspective of bicyclists. And so we've had cities adopt plans that they claim are to make streets safer. They call them vision zero plan. And these vision zero plans often call for taking a four lane street, in other words, a major collector street that's moving a lot of traffic and take away one of the lanes from the automobiles and make it into bike lanes. So you'd have a 12 foot lane turned into two six foot lanes, one for bicyclists going one way and one for bicyclists going the other way. That leaves three lanes. One of the lanes would be used for left turns and the other two lanes would be for traffic in two different directions. Now that kind of project is designed to safeguard bicyclists from being hit from behind by cars. Well, on average, about 3% of bicycle fatalities consist of people being hit from behind by cars.Now I'm a cyclist. I know you're always nervous about getting hit from behind, but the cars see you, they know you're there, and so they watch out. They don't want to hit you any more than you want to be hit by them. So only 3% of fatalities are being hit by cars from behind. Half of all fatalities take place at intersections where the bike lanes disappear. So we're safeguarding against a very rare event and not doing anything about the kind of event that is responsible for half of all bicycle fatalities by putting in the bike lanes, we're sending a message to bicyclists that it's safe to ride on this busy street. So we get an increase in bicyclists riding on these busy streets, which means you're get an increase in bicyclists crossing busy intersections and getting hit. So we're making bicycling more dangerous by creating an illusion of bicycle safety that isn't real.I would've done something completely different. I would've taken local streets that are parallel to those busy streets and turned them into bicycle boulevards, which means you remove as many stop signs as you can so that you can have through bicycle traffic with minimal stops, but put in a few little concrete barriers to discourage cars from using those streets as through street. So you now have streets that are open to cars for local traffic and open to bicycles for through traffic. And I've used bicycle boulevards in Berkeley and Portland and other streets and they feel a lot safer. They are a lot safer and they don't cause the imposition on cars. It happens when you take lanes away from cars. So that's my attitudes towards cycling, which is that bicycles are vehicles, cars are vehicles. One should not be superior to the other. In certain situations, cars have the right of way and other situations, bicycles have the right of way. The safest thing we can do is separate them when we can by putting bicycles on bicycle boulevards instead of by asserting that bicycles are safe, by putting them into bike lanes when actually we're making it more dangerous.Leafbox:So Randal, you mentioned that you don't like biking in Oahu. What specifically do you not like about biking here?Randal O'Toole:Well, you've got a lot of busy streets. Their lanes are narrow. There's often not bike lanes where you do have bike lanes. They have strangely put two-way traffic in one bike lane. And so you have a risk of hitting other bicyclists, but you also have the risk that not only do you have bicyclists going with the flow of traffic, you have bicyclists going in the opposite flow from traffic. And so you're compounding the risk of not just having the risk of getting hit from behind, but having the risk of a head on collision. And I don't see that as particularly safe. I've bicycled, the last time I got hit by a truck was when I was bicycling in Maui on a bike lane and the truck was turning left into a driveway. I was bicycling at about 20 miles an hour. There was a lot of traffic and the truck didn't see me before it turned and I didn't see it until the last second and got hit by this truck. So again, it's another situation where bike lanes do not increase safety. It would've been better if there had been a local bicycle boulevard and I think you could probably put some bicycle boulevards in Oahu, but they haven't done that. Instead. Mostly bicycles are then for themselves and there are those few bike lanes downtown, which I didn't find particularly well designed.Leafbox:Randal, I should have asked first, but for people who aren't familiar with your work, I'm a fan of Antiplanner, but how do you describe yourself? What's a quick summary of your actual work and education and framework?Randal O'Toole:Well, the funny thing is my training is as a forester and I spent the first 20 years of my career as a forest policy analyst. I was analyzing government plans, Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management plans for mainly public lands, but also in some cases for private lands. That analysis carried over. I discovered that, well, what happened was is I was challenging the federal timber sale levels. They were selling a lot of timber, losing money at most of it, doing a lot of environmental damage. And in a nutshell:, we won federal timber sale levels declined by 85% between 1990 and 2000, and it was a great deal of that was due to my work. Part of it was due to the spotted owl, which I didn't really work on, but most of it was due to my work, which persuaded the forest service, that they were cutting too much timber and that they shouldn't be doing so much.And so now having won that battle, I looked around for other battles to fight and came across battles that were going on with land use and transportation in the city I lived in, which was the Portland urban area. And extended that to found out that I was dealing with a movement that was a national movement that was trying to force people to stop driving, trying to force more people to live in apartments instead of single family homes. And since 98% of the travel we do in cities is driving, and since 80% of Americans want to live in single family homes, it seems to me that even though I was a bicyclist, I have to realize that most people don't bicycle. Most people drive. And even though I have lived in apartments, I have to realize that most people want to live in single family homes.So I shouldn't be imposing my preferences on other people through some kind of planning process. So I began to challenge city plans, urban area plans, state plans, transportation plans, land use plans, and I discovered that there's a lot of similarities between forest planning and urban planning. Basically, forest planners think that there's these inanimate objects out in forest that they can make, do whatever they want. I actually found a forest plan that proposed they were going to grow trees to be 650 feet tall when the tallest trees in the world are less than 400 feet tall. Forest planners just thought they could imagine anything they want and it would happen. And urban planners think that there's these inanimate objects in cities that they can make, do whatever they want. And those inanimate objects are people and they think that, well, they can just force more people to live in apartments. They can just force more people to take transit or to bicycle instead of drive. And to me, those are very unappealing ideas and whether you're libertarian or not, you don't really like to think that somebody is trying to manipulate you to force you to use a much more expensive way of transportation or to live in a much less desirable home. That also happens to be more expensive than the single family home you might be living in. Now,Leafbox:When did that shift, I think in your memoirs, you started taking economics classes or was it when you were learning first computer modeling, when did that shift come in understanding reality versus imposed reality?Randal O'Toole:The funny thing was that when I was working on forest issues, I was making quite a name for myself. One Forest Service official told a reporter that Randal O'Toole has had more impact on the forest service than all the environmental groups combined. And so I would get speaking invitations and a professor at the University of Oregon Department of Urban Planning asked me to come and speak to his class, and I did at the time, I had a bachelor's degree in forestry and he said, you should go to graduate school, you should go to graduate school in our urban and regional planning department. And I said, well, I'm not really interested in urban planning. I'm interested in forest issues. He said, well, we also do regional planning, so they offered me funding support and things like that. So I said, okay, so I took the first terms worth of courses in urban planning and I looked around and I said, I shouldn't just take courses in one field.I should also learn some other fields. And there was a course in urban economics, it was also a graduate course, and what I discovered was the urban economists didn't make any assumptions about cities. Instead, they looked at the data and then they tried to build for how the city works, they compared the model against the data and if the model didn't produce the data that they knew was real, they modified the model and then they compared that against the data and they kept modifying it until they got a model that came out pretty close to how the cities actually were working. So then they were able to ask questions of the model like what happens if you draw an urban growth boundary around the city and force the density of the city to get higher force higher densities, force more people to live in apartments instead of single family homes?Will that result in more congestion or less? Well, the model clearly showed that although some people would respond to density by taking transit, most people would keep driving and the congestion would just get worse. Because you have more people driving per square mile of land because you'd have higher population densities? Well, in the urban planning courses, they asked the same question, and instead of building a model or looking at any data at all, they just said, well, I think if they were higher density people would ride transit more and so there'd be less congestion. And everybody in the class agreed. There were two urban planning professors in this class and they agreed and I said, no, the actual economic data show that the congestion would get worse. We went back and forth and finally one of the professors said, well, everybody's entitled to their opinion.And that was the day I knew I wasn't going to become a planner, I was going to become an economist. So I stopped taking urban planning courses and I started taking economics courses and took a whole slew of those courses and still spent most of my time working on forest issues. And so I ended up not earning any degrees, but I think more like an economist than a planner. In fact, I think more like an economist than a forester. Foresters have a way of thinking. Geographers have a way of thinking. Landscape architects have a way of thinking. Economists and planners have ways of thinking, and I think like an economist. And so sometimes I'll call myself an economist even though I don't have a degree in economics. Sometimes I call myself a policy analyst even though I don't have a degree in policy analysis. My degree is in forestry. All of these things are alike in the sense that these planners and basically what I've spent my career doing is critiquing government plans. These planners think that they can impose things on the land or impose things on people that people don't want to have imposed on them.Leafbox:Going back to where does that iconoclastic mindset emerge from? I'm curious and how do you keep defending it? Why don't you go with the flow of the consensus?Randal O'Toole:Well, it's funny, I've always been an iconoclast. I grew my hair down well below my shoulders when I was in high school, which made the high schools vice principals hate me. I would leave school to go to anti-Vietnam protest marches or civil rights protest marches. I would skip school to go to environmental events and eventually started an environmental group in my high school when Earth Day came along that persuaded me that I should work on environmental issues. So I went to a forestry school where they taught people how to grow trees so they could cut them down and cut them up into forest products. And here I was not being real obvious about it, but being somewhat obvious because I was spending my summers doing internships, working on how to stop the Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management and other agencies from cutting down trees.And so I was always out of step and that seems to have continued throughout my career. One interesting example lately has been bus rapid transit. I spent a lot of the last 30 years of my career critiquing urban transit systems and we'd see cities like Portland and Seattle spending billions of dollars on rail transit and Honolulu now spending billions of dollars on rail transit and I'd say, wait a minute, bus rapid transit can move more people faster, faster to more destinations than rail transit. So instead of rail transit, we should be looking at bus rapid transit, and now we're seeing cities say, okay, we'll do bus rapid transit, but we won't do the kind of bus rapid transit Randal O'Toole was talking about, which was running buses on ordinary city streets. But the buses only stop once per mile like a rail line, and so they're faster.They don't have to stop as frequently and they'll be more attractive to passengers both because they're faster and they're more frequent. Instead of just doing that, we're going to build special lanes for the buses. We're going to build fancy stops for all the buses, fancy stations for all the buses to stop at. And so instead of spending a million dollars a mile on bus rapid transit, we're going to spend $50 million a mile or a hundred million dollars a mile on bus rapid transit. We're going to make bus rapid transit as expensive as building rail transit. Well, I've lost interest in that, and so I'm now no longer enthusiastic behind bus rapid transit. Instead, the kind of transit I've been advocating is express buses, nonstop buses throughout urban areas that will take people from lots of origins to lots of different destinations with intervening 20 miles an hour, which is the average speed for bus rapid transit or 11 miles an hour, which is the average speed for local buses. They'll go at 50 miles or 55 miles an hour because they'll be going on freeways for most of their routes. Nobody else in the transit industry is thinking about this. So I guess I'm ahead of my time. I was talking about bus rapid transit before they were, and now I'm talking about express buses before anybody else. We'll see if they follow.Leafbox:Randal. These are like the buses, the Bolt bus in Los Angeles or San Francisco or the Chinatown buses in New York to Boston or DC or those type of private industry buses.Randal O'Toole:Those are intercity buses. And the interesting thing about the intercity bus industry is it used to be tied down by bus stations. You'd have these expensive bus stations in every city and they'd have baggage clerks and they'd have ticket salesmen and stuff like that. And the kind of buses you're mentioning, they've abandoned all that. They go from curbside to curbside, which means they don't have to pay for a station. They let the passengers load their own luggage, which means they don't have to pay for baggage handlers. You buy your tickets on the internet, which means they don't have to pay for ticket agents.And that led to a huge resurgence in inter city buses. intercity buses buses were on the decline for about 1960 to 2005, and you started seeing these infrastructure light buses, megabus and bolt bus and so on, and suddenly bus ridership, intercity buses bus ridership is increasing. So we look at the transit industry and instead of saying, let's see, we've got this great infrastructure out there, it's called roads and streets. Let's run our transit on roads and streets. Instead of saying that, they're saying, let's build a lot of infrastructure that's dedicated solely to urban transit, and it's going to be really expensive infrastructure. We can build a lane mile of road for half a million dollars, but we're going to spend a hundred million dollars building a mile of rail or $200 million. There are some rail projects now that are costing $500 million per mile of rail.That's a billion dollars a route mile because we have a mile of rail going in each direction. So we're spending phenomenal amounts of money for something that's only going to be used by a few transit riders because transit only carries half a percent of all passenger travel in this country. Before the pandemic, it was 1%, but now it's down to about a half a percent. Maybe it'll get us way back up to three-fourths of a percent. We're spending billions and billions of dollars on this tiny percentage of travelers with buses. We could attract the same number of people, move the same number of people, probably more people for a lot less money because the buses can go faster. Even New York City subways average less than 30 miles an hour, and buses on freeways can average 60 miles an hour.Leafbox:So Randal here in Hawaii about the new HART (Light Rail), I'd love to just a quick summary of your critiques of that system and why you think it was built.Randal O'Toole:Well, of course, when they first planned it, they said it was going to cost less than 3 billion. And in fact, the original proponents said that fares were going to pay not only all the operating costs, but they were going to pay part if not all of the capital costs. Well, the costs have exploded to well over $9 billion. The Federal Transit Administration thinks that by the time they're done, it's going to be $12 billion and they've run out of money. So they're saying we're not going to be able to finish it all the way immediately. Eventually we might get enough money to be able to finish it, but not right away. And the ridership numbers they were projecting were probably way too high. Certainly they're not getting anything close to what they were expecting with the part that's opened. That's partly because it's not finished and you look at it and all it really is a bus route.They could have done exactly the same thing with buses. They could have gone just as fast if not faster with buses. They persuaded people to go for it. They said it's going to relieve congestion. Well, it's not going to relieve congestion. In fact, their own data show the congestion is going to increase near the transit stops because people were going to be slowing down and stopping there to pick up and drop off rail riders instead of people walking to the rail stations that were going to drive to the rail stations and have somebody drive them and drop them off. So their own data showed it was going to increase congestion, but they convinced people it was going to reduce congestion. And the onion had a great story many years ago saying 98% of American commuters want other people to ride transit so that they can drive in less congested traffic.So transit agencies in Honolulu, in Los Angeles and San Diego and cities all over the country had convinced people to go for these extremely expensive transit projects by claiming that it was going to reduce congestion when in fact, on almost every case, it made congestion worse. And we made these critiques of the Honolulu Rail project before they began, before it began, the city council ignored us. They were heavily pressured by the unions that wanted jobs for constructing it. When the construction is done, there aren't going to be any jobs. The transit is automated, there aren't going to be jobs for drivers, there's going to be some maintenance jobs. There's going to be a tiny fraction, the jobs that they're getting for building. And so it was just basically unions and contractors wanted to build it. They threw money into the right campaign funds, and so politicians supported it.So we end up seeing, and we're seeing us all over the country, we're seeing it for high speed rail, we're seeing it for Amtrak. We're seeing this what's called the iron triangle, which is people who make money from tax dollars in one corner of the triangle, the bureaucracy that another corner of the triangle and the politicians at a third corner of the triangle, the politicians appropriate money to the bureaucracy, which then give it out to the contractors who spend it and then who then take some of that money and use it for campaign contributions to the politicians. Very hard to break that triangle. We have found that if a measure goes on the ballot and we can spend 10% as much money as a proponent spend, we can usually reach enough voters to convince 'em to vote it down. But if we only reach five, only spend 5% as much as the proponent spend, it usually passes because they drown us out with their claims that it's going to relieve congestion and is education.It's convincing people to be skeptical of government. We've got this huge movement now that's skeptical of capitalism and they don't realize that a lot of government is really crony capitalism where people take money from government to build up their companies. You've got companies that exclusively live off of government spending, and you see this in transportation. We've got all these engineering and consulting firms like Parsons Brinkerhoff, which has now got a new name WSR and HDR and a bunch of other companies, and they overtly lie. HDR has made a specialty of going to cities and saying, if you build rail transit, you're going to get billions of dollars of economic development. Look what happened in Portland. They built a light rail line and they got a billion dollars of economic development. They don't mention the fact that Portland got zero economic development after it built the light rail.So 10 years after it opened the line, it threw a billion dollars in subsidies to developers along the light rail line, and those developers then put in new developments and they said, look, we built the light rail line. We've got all this new development. Well, you didn't mention the billion dollars in subsidies: where you didn't put in the subsidies, you got no new development, or you did put in the subsidies and you didn't have light rail, you got new development. It was the subsidies, not the light rail that got new development. HDR lies to people and claims it's the rail transit that got the new development. They even hired a city counselor in Portland, the person who had originally proposed these subsidies, and he traveled around the country telling cities that they put in the rail lines and they got all this development. He never mentioned the subsidies that he himself had initiated on the Portland City Council.So you need to educate people and we need a skeptical public. We need people in the public who aren't going to automatically assume that government is good and that private operations, private companies are automatically bad. Private corporations aren't necessarily purely good, but given a choice between a public agency and a private corporation, I would rather have the private corporation because I can at least decide not to patronize that company if I don't like their products or what they do. Whereas when the government does something, I'm stuck with having to pay taxes for it whether I like it or not.Leafbox:What are your thoughts on New Urbanism? I think you've had debates with James Kunstler and have any of your thoughts changed or evolved orRandal O'Toole:Yes, they've evolved. I originally didn't like it and now I hate it. I originally thought new urbanism was a little misguided. Now I think they're delusional. Totally delusional. New urbanism is the idea that people will be happier if they live within walking distance of shops, of coffee shops, of stores of transit stops, maybe even within walking distance of work that people will be healthier if they're within walking distance. The way to do that is to build a lot more apartments because that's the way to get the density you need to get people living within walking distance. And so new urbanism effectively supported the urban planners who are trying to have urban growth boundaries around cities and densify the cities and increase the apartments. And if you look at the history of new urbanism, it basically came in the 1990s from a group of architects and planners who read a book that was published in about 1960 called The Death and Life of Great American Cities.The book was written by an architecture critic at the time named Jane Jacobs. She lived in Greenwich Village, New York City at the time, the urban planning profession believed that high density apartments were bad. Most of the big cities like New York and Chicago and Boston had a bunch of apartments that had been built before the turn of the 20th century. They were like four and five and six stories tall. They didn't have any elevators. You had to climb up all these staircases if you lived on an upper floor to get to your apartment. At the time they were built, elevators had just been invented or they hadn't even been invented yet. High speed electric elevators dated to 1891. So a lot of these were built before the elevators. They were built for people who couldn't afford to ride a street car to work. And so you had blocks of apartments that had like 5,000 people living per block, and they were within walking distance of blocks of factories that had like 3000, 4,000 people per block of factories.So people would walk, from the apartment for the factory. Well, after the turn of the 20th century, we got Henry Ford developed the moving assembly line for automobiles, and he made automobiles so cheap that everybody who was living in those apartments could afford to buy them. And the moving assembly line required so much land that all the factories moved out of downtowns into the suburbs. So the jobs moved to the suburbs, the people who bought cars that a lot of them moved to the suburbs, they could live in single family home instead of apartments. And after World War ii, we could see those apartments were not very desirable. And so in 1949, Congress passed a law that gave the cities money for urban renewal that was to be used to clear these apartments out and replaced them with something else. Well, the cities didn't want to replace 'em with single family homes because they didn't think they'd get as much tax revenue for the single family homes.So for the most part, the cities were replacing them with high rise apartments with elevators. In the 1930s, there was a crazy architect from Switzerland who called himself Le Corbusier , which I think means the crow, and he thought that everybody should live in high rise apartment. I don't know why he thought that, because he himself never lived in a high rise apartment. He lived in low-rise, but he thought cities should build highrise apartments. So the urban planning fad of the 1950s was to build high-rise apartments, not just in American cities, but all over the world. You go to South Korea and the cities, all of them have high rise apartments. You go to Japan, you go to China, you go to Russia, you go to Paris, you go to cities everywhere you find all these high-rise apartments. They were all inspired by this kooky architect named Lake Buer who thought people should live in a way that he himself didn't want to live.So here comes Jane Jacobs. They want to tear down her apartment building and put in a high-rise, and she says, urban planners don't understand how cities work. Well, she was right about that. Urban planners don't understand how cities, but then she went on to say something that was totally wrong, which was that she, Jane Jacobs understood how cities work, and the way she described an ideal city was you had five story apartment building and with all this density, the ground floor would be shops and people would entertain their guests out on the street. She didn't say this apartments were so small, there was no room for entertaining guests. So you'd entertain the guests out on the streets, so you'd have people playing out on the streets, they'd be barbecuing out on the streets, they'd be shopping out on the streets because the shops are out on the streets, so there wouldn't be any crime because everybody would be able to see everything that was going on because they'd all be down on the streets all the time.You'd have these lively streets, it'd be so exciting to live in them. It'd be a wonderful place to live. And that's what a real city was like. She didn't understand that what she was describing was an artifact from the 1880s that people were moving out of as rapidly as they could and that, despite her claims, they did have high crime rate. The people didn't want to live in buildings, so they had to climb up to five stories, four, four or five stories on stairs to get to their apartments that they're moving out. She herself didn't live in a five story building. She lived in a three story building. I don't know if she lived on the second floor or the third floor. I suspect her apartment was probably on both floors because she was welted due. Her husband had a good job, she got a good job.They lived in this three story building. There was a shop on the ground floor and they had to walk up, I think one floor to get to the main part of their apartment. So she didn't understand what it was like having to walk up three, four, and five flights of stairs to get to apartments on the fourth, fifth, and sixth floors. Doubly ironic, in 1968, her son decides to dodge the draft because he didn't believe in the war in Vietnam. So he moved to Canada. She decided to move to Canada with him, and she made so much money selling her book, the Death and Life of Great American Cities that she bought a single family home in Canada. She didn't live in a mid-rise apartment, and she moved to a single family home. And yet the urban planners who were young in the 1960s and becoming dominant in the 1990s who had read her book said, yes, we were wrong to try to force people to live in high rise apartments.We should instead try to force people to live in five story apartments like the apartments that she described in the Death and Life of Great American Cities, like the apartments in Greenwich Village. So instead of saying, alright, let's build some of these five story apartments in the inner cities in Portland and Denver and Seattle, they said, let's build these five story apartments everywhere. Let's build them in the suburbs. Let's build them in rural areas. Let's build 'em everywhere. All urbanites should live in these five story apartment buildings. And so we're seeing them spring up all over the place. Most of them are subsidized because as I say, 80% of Americans want to live in single family homes, not in apartments. We even had an urban planner write a paper that was very popular in the urban planning profession that said by the year 2025, and he wrote this in about 2002 or something. By the year 2025, people aren't going to want to live in single family homes anymore, and we're going to have a surplus of 22 million single family homes in the suburbs. The suburbs are going to turn into slums because everybody living in those suburbs are going to have moved into apartments in downtown. And so what urban planners should do today is get ahead of the situation by getting their cities to build more apartments, building more apartments in the suburbs, replace these icky single family homes that people won't want to live in so that we won't have a shortage of apartments when people want them. Well, of course, we're two years away from 2025. We have people moving away from cities as fast as they can before the pandemic where there were polls that showed that 40% of people who were living in dense cities wanted to move to suburbs or rural areas. And we had the same polls showed that more people wanted to live in suburbs that actually lived in them, and that was in 2018. And then the pandemic comes along and people just flee these dense cities, the populations of San Francisco and New York and others, Portland and Seattle, they're all declining and the populations of their suburbs, some cases are growing the populations of small towns. Boise, Idaho is the fastest growing city in the country.The guy was just totally wrong. And yet we have suffered for two decades under urban planners who have tried to force these ideas on cities by subsidizing, by taxing people, and then subsidizing these high density apartments that people don't really want to live in.Leafbox:Randal, talking about the pandemic, how has that changed or affected your outlook on urban planning or on where people want to live? Or do you have the same critiques of the subsidies of suburban living orRandal O'Toole:All the pandemic has done is reinforced the ideas I already had. A pandemic doesn't really change things. What it does is it reinforces trends that are already happening. We already had a trend where people were buying cars and stopping the use of transit. Transit ridership declined every year from 2014 to 2018. It recovered slightly in 2019, but not much. Most cities still declined. About 45% of our transit takes place in New York City. And what happened was it grew in New York City in 2019. It's still declined almost everywhere else, but the growth in New York City overcame the decline everywhere else, but basically people were still buying cars. Gas prices dropped in 2014 and that just killed transit everywhere except New York City.And then we have the trend to living in suburbs. We have the trend of wanting to live in single family homes as soon as people could afford to do so. They would buy a car and then they could live out in the suburbs where they didn't have to be in a lot of congestion or they didn't have to deal with crime or they didn't have to deal with pollution and things like that. And all the pandemic did is it reinforced all those things before the pandemic. You might've thought everybody who wanted to move to the suburbs had already done, but no, it turns out a lot more people wanted to move to the suburbs, but by the pandemic allowed more people to work at home and that led more people to say, okay, now I can move to the suburbs. Or before I couldn't because I was required to work in an office that was too far away from the place I wanted to live in the suburbs. So we now have people who maybe work in an office one day a week, but live a hundred miles away from that office and instead of driving 20 miles five days a week, they're driving a hundred miles one day a week each way and living far, far away from the density that urban planners had made for them.The pandemic didn't change my views, it just reinforced them.Leafbox:What is your solution for the urban cores that are the skyscrapers of New York and the developers that built up that infrastructure? What are they supposed to do with these remote work is a challenge for 'em?Randal O'Toole:I think the government shouldn't do anything. I think the developers are going to have to figure it out for themselves. The owners are going to have to figure out for themselves what to do with those offices. Solution number one is to find lower valued tenants. They have what they call Class A offices and class B offices and class A offices attract companies like Chase Manhattan and Wells Fargo and Class B attracts lower rung companies. Then you have Class C that attracts nonprofit groups and flea markets and antique stores and things like that. So the owners of these office buildings are going to have to accept a lower class of tenants. Now you hear proposals to convert office buildings to apartments, and I think the Biden administration just approved a bill that's going to offer money to developers to convert office buildings to apartments. The problem is you look at the way plumbing is set up in an apartment building, every single apartment has to have plumbing for kitchen and bathrooms.And you look at the way plumbing is set up in an office building, they put the plumbing in this core of the building where the restrooms are and the outer reach of the building have no plumbing at all. So it's going to be very expensive to change office buildings into apartment buildings. And really it's cheaper to build single family homes than it is to build apartments, and it's probably cheaper to build single family homes than it is to convert offices to apartment buildings. If you didn't have urban growth boundaries around cities, you're not going to convert offices to apartments because people aren't going to be willing to pay that extra cost of living in an apartment. If you live in a place that does have urban growth boundaries, you've driven up the cost of single family homes to be two to five times greater than it ought to be, then maybe you'll be able to justify converting offices to apartments economically justify. But that's only because you've distorted the housing market totally rid of those distortions.Leafbox:Like you said, it's still the triangle, the iron triangle, because the developers are getting subsidies for their losses instead of just taking the loss and finding Class C tenants.Randal O'Toole:Well, that's going to happen in some places, but even with the subsidies, I don't think you're going to see a lot of apartment conversions in Houston or Dallas or Atlanta or Omaha or Raleigh, places where you don't have urban growth boundaries. And so housing is still pretty affordable. Single family housing is still pretty affordable. The new urbanists like to ask people, would you rather live in an apartment where you're within walking distance of coffee shops and grocery stores and your work? Or would you rather live in a single family home or you have to drive everywhere you go? Everywhere you go. And a lot of people will say the apartment, but if you ask a question honestly, you'd say, would you rather live in a 1000 square foot apartment that costs $400,000 that's within walking distance of a limited selection, high priced grocery store and a coffee shop?Or would you rather live in a 2000 square foot single family home on a large lot that's with an easy driving distance of multiple grocery stores that are competing hard for your business, both on and on having a wide selection of goods to sell you. And there's not much congestion because you live in a low density area. Well, you asked a question that way. You mentioned that your 2000 square foot house only costs $200,000, whereas to 1000 square foot apartment costs $400,000, even without the cost, you're going to find a lot more people saying they want the single family home. And when you add in the cost, the preference for single family homes just zoomed upward. So in Houston, you're not going to see a lot of conversions. You'll probably see a bunch of conversions in San Francisco, but do people really want to live that way? I think people are being forced to live that way, and I don't like the fact that planners are getting away with forcing people to live in ways they don't want to live. WhatLeafbox:Are your thoughts? I think you're a proponent of autonomous vehicles as an alternative to public infrastructure and public transport. Could you expand on that?Randal O'Toole:Well, I'm not so much a proponent, as I see that's the wave of the future. So we see cities like Seattle spending gobs of money. I mean, Seattle's got spending like 90 billion on light rail when autonomous vehicles, once they're applied to Seattle are going to be just destroy light rail as a mode of transportation. Who's going to want to ride light rail when you're going to be susceptible to diseases that you can catch from other people on the train? There's going to be crime on the train, and it only goes when the rail is scheduled, not when you want to go, and it only goes where that we've spent billions of dollars building the rail lines and not where you want to go. Whereas you could call up an autonomous vehicle, have it come to your door, take you to your door, and it's going to cost you probably not much more, maybe even less than when you count all the subsidies.It's certainly going to cost less than the light rail. So it's going to happen. I mean, it's happened in San Francisco. Waymo has just announced that they're serving the entire Phoenix metropolitan area now just 550 square miles. Cruise is shut down in San Francisco temporarily in response to calls because there was one accident. But the data show that even as primitive as it is today, we've the autonomous vehicles that have traveled millions and millions of miles have only had about one fifth as many accidents per million miles. They travel as human-driven vehicles. The pressure is coming from the taxi drivers, the truck drivers, the people whose jobs are going to be lost when they're replaced by autonomous vehicle, and they're the ones who are putting pressure in California to try kill autonomous vehicles in San Francisco. But it's going to happen. And since it is going to happen, we shouldn't be spending money on these 19th century forms of rail transportation that are slow and expensive and don't go where people want to go.Leafbox:Talking about international frameworks, you travel, you went to Switzerland and you're going to Canada and you're a fan of rail. Where can Americans learn? Who's doing planning, right? Who's letting, is it Singapore, is it Tokyo? Where's the most ideal framework for development in your opinion, meeting the needs of this civilian, the government, and just where do you find that balance?Randal O'Toole:Houston. Houston is the closest I can come to the ideal. Houston has no zoning. Texas counties are not allowed to zone. And so Houston is surrounded by lots, some suburban cities that are incorporated. The biggest one is Pasadena. They don't have any zoning. Other Incorporated cities around Houston do have zoning, but what happens is the developments take place in unincorporated areas. The developers build houses that people want. They build homes for the market. They do build some multifamily, but they build mostly single family. And then these developed areas then get annexed into the suburbs and the suburbs then sometimes apply zoning. Sugar land is one example of that. Almost all of sugar land was built in unincorporated areas and then annexed into the city. Even the city hall was built when it was unincorporated, and then they annexed it into the incorporated area. So the zoning only came after it was built.And so the developers were able to build the kind of houses that people wanted. And one of the things that developers found is that if you're going to buy a single family home, you want to have some assurance that nobody's going to put in a gravel pit or a meat packing factory or a brick factory or something like that right next door to you. And so the developers did something that was like zoning. They put protective covenants on the properties. They said All the homes in this neighborhood have to be a certain size. All the homes in this neighborhood have to be a certain size or whatever, and the lots have to be a certain size and so on. And what happens is when you do that, if you're a developer, you don't get more money from your lots, but they sell a lot faster.It doesn't increase the cost. There's no cost of putting these covenants on, but they sell a lot faster. These covenants are actually developed decades before zoning, and they were so successful that zoning was invented by cities to apply to existing single family neighborhoods to increase home ownership. Home ownership rates went from about 15% in cities in 1890 to over 50% by 1960, because people had the assurance that if they bought a home, it wasn't going to be degraded in use because the next door neighbor decided to put in something that was incompatible, whether it was zoning or protective covenants. So Houston has protective covenants in all these suburban developments, and these covenants are flexible. If a developer says, look, your neighborhood has these covenants in and they're incompatible with the development I want to put in, but I think my development will sell really well, I'll pay you to change your covenants.And some neighborhoods have agreed to do that so that the developers can put in something that they think is more marketable than the kind of housing that's in that neighborhood and people's taste change. So these kinds of things do happen over time. Now, another thing that's happened is that some of the suburban counties around Houston have toll road authorities, and they are funded exclusively out of their tolls. They build roads rather economically. They build freeways that are cost about $5 million a lane mile, and they build these freeways to get from the suburban communities that are being built by developers who are using protective covenants to get from these suburban neighborhoods to downtown Houston. So Fort Bend County, for example, has several freeways that is built exclusively with toll roads that are paid for solely out of tolls. They don't get any gas taxes, they don't get any tax dollars, and I consider these to be very successful.Now nobody is perfect. Houston. After voting down light rail a couple of times, they managed to persuade them that voters that if they built light rail, it would relieve congestion. And so they ended up building some light rail lines That to me, have been total disasters. Transit ridership in Houston was growing before they started building a light rail is now lower than it was in the last couple of years before light rail opened. Because they spent so much money on the light rail, they ended up cutting back on their bus service and you lost more bus riders than you gained rail riders. That's a pattern we've seen in Los Angeles and St. Louis and Sacramento and cities all over the country that you build rail and you lose riders because you end up having fewer bus riders than you gain rail riders. But overall, despite that quirk, the light rail problem in Houston, I say Houston is the place you should go to if you want to find out how cities could work without a lot of government plansLeafbox:As an environmentalist, you have a model called Incentive-based conservation. Could you just summarize that for people and how you think market reactions can help secure environmental rights and whatnot?Randal O'Toole:Well, I developed those ideas back when I was working on forest issues and the Forest Service and other agencies were doing a lot of clearcutting that clear cutting damaged wildlife habitat. It reduced recreation values because recreationists to the most valuable recreation was recreation in areas that were wild and where you had some solitude from other people and from big cities and from roads and things like that. And so the forest service is eagerly building roads, cutting down trees, damaging watersheds, damaging fisheries, damaging wildlife habitats. The best fisheries in Oregon, for example, are an area that have no roads, that have had no logging, the best salmon fisheries. So I looked at after years of looking at Forest service data, something hit me one day, and that was that the reason why the Forest Service was doing this is because Congress had inadvertently designed their budget to reward the Forest Service for losing money on environmentally destructive activities and to literally penalize the forest Service for either making money or doing environmentally benign activities, activities that were not bad for the environment.And certainly they didn't reward them for doing environmentally good activities. And so the Forest Service was merely following its incentive. I wrote a whole book about this. It was called Reforming the Forest Service. It came out in 1988. In 1989, the Forest Service sold 11 billion Ford feet of timber started declining in 1990. By 2001, it had fallen to one and a half billion board feet of timber. It had fallen by 85%. And people in the Forest Service came to me and said, we read your book and we thought you were accusing us of being corrupt. And then this guy said, the guy told me, I suddenly realized last week I had signed off on a timber sale so I could get a bigger budget. And they stopped doing that. They stopped saying, they said, we don't want to be motivated by our budget to do these bad things anymore.And so they stop these environmentally destructive timber sale. I didn't think that was going to happen. I thought we would have to change their incentives. So I talked about incentive-based conservation. I said, we should charge recreation fees. We should charge fees, bigger fees for fishing and hunting. Right now, when you fish and hunt, technically under federal law or under US law, the animals you fish and hunt are owned by the states. But if you, on national forest, the land you're hunting on is owned by the federal government. So right now you pay a hunting fee to the state, but you don't pay anything to the federal government. I said, you should also have to pay a fee to the federal government to hunt on federal land or fish on federal land. If you did that, I pointed out then private landowners would also be able to charge fees, and you'd see both federal and private landowners modifying their activities so that they would enhance wildlife habitat, enhance fisheries, and enhance recreation opportunities.We'd have more recreation, not less if we were willing to pay fees. And so my solution to the forest problems was to charge recreation fees to balance the fees from timber cutting and grazing and mining. And the forest services own numbers showed that recreation was worth more than all the other activities combined. So they would make a pretty good balance. I got quite a few environmentalists supporting this. But then in the mid 1990s, the environmental movement kind of got taken over by people who believed in top down planning, they believed that the president should make all the decisions for every single timber sale. And if a timber sale didn't meet their approval, they literally went to the president of the United States and got him to call up the district, not him, but one of his age, to call up the district ranger and say, don't do that timber sale. It drove the Forest Service bureaucracy nuts because these people in the administration in the White House were overruling 'em. And so incentive-based conservation didn't get very far. Now we're seeing some people in the environmental movement going back and recognizing that this top down planning doesn't work very well, and they're beginning to look at these ideas again.Leafbox:Randal, as you had that interview with the Grassroots Initiative here in Hawaii discussing housing policy, what's your relationship with them? And my other question is, do you have an opinion on vacancy taxes for Hawaii or other places?Randal O'Toole:Alright, well, you're talking about the Grassroot Institute, not plural, but Grassroot Institute, and they're a state-based think tank in Hawaii. And I work with state-based think tanks all over the country. Recently, I've done work for state-based think tanks in North Carolina, Arizona, Oregon, Colorado, a lot of different states and Hawaii. And some of them have hired me to do some work. Some of them just asked me to comment in Zoom meetings or in podcasts or radio interviews or whatever. But the Grassroots Institute is one of a great network state-based think tanks that I'm happy to be working with and for as much as I can. Even when I worked for the Cato Institute, which is a national think tank in Washington dc, I really saw my job as being a liaison from Cato to these state-based think tanks because most people in Cato working on national or international issues, I was one of the few in Cato who was working on local issues like housing or transportation issues. And so I've always had a good relationship with the Grassroot Institute. The director and their staff are great people and they do good work on housing and a lot of other issues in Hawaii.Leafbox:And then what are your thoughts? I mean, you advocated for a voucher model, just to summarize that for meeting affordable housing and then if you have any thoughts on vacancy taxes. Many people want to apply vacancy tax in Hawaii for empty units or empty second homes or I'm just curious if you've studied that at all.Randal O'Toole:Well, Hawaii was the first state in the country to try to restrict the development of single family homes. And it's such an irony because in the 1950s, most of the land in Hawaii was owned by the five companies, Dole and so on, and the bishop estate. And if you wanted to own your own home in Hawaii, often you couldn't find land to own it on something like 99% of the land was owned by one of these six entities. So you would have to lease land from one of these entities and build your home on it. And the five companies were agricultural companies and they weren't interested in leasing land for homes. They wanted to grow pineapple and sugarcane and other crops on their land. And so you had this huge housing crisis in Hawaii in the late 1950s. And at the time, in the early 1950s, Hawaii's legislature, territorial legislature was run by Republicans and they were very sympathetic to the five companies, and they weren't sympathetic to the people who needed housing.Well, the late 1950s, the Democrats took over and they took over on a promise of land reform. They promised that they would force the five companies and the bishop estate perhaps to sell some of their land to use for housing so that people could find affordable housing. Well, the Democrats won and in 1961 they passed their land reform cap package and it did exactly the opposite of what they promised. Instead of requiring the companies to sell the land, they declared all the rural land in the state, most of which was owned by these five companies. They declared that land off limits to developments. They said the only land you could develop was urban land. This story is told by a great book called Land and Power in Hawaii. I recommended to all your listeners if they're from Hawaii. And what the Democrats discovered was that as legislators, they could make exceptions for themselves.And so if you're a developer and you wanted to develop some land, you went to a state legislator and you made that legislator a partner in your development, the partner would then get the state to override the rules that had been passed by the state in response to the law you passed so that you could have your land developed or your developer partners land development developed and you'd make all this money. And so it became quite a corrupt system, and that's a system that governs Hawaii. To this day, only about 14% of the land in Hawaii has been developed. There's lots of land even in Oahu. Most of the land is still undeveloped. It's rural land that could be developed. And the real irony is supposedly the 1961 law that reserved all these rural areas where supposed to protect the agricultural industry, and yet the farm industry has practically died in Hawaii.Why? Because the farmers can't afford to hire farm laborers and pay them enough money for those laborers to find housing and still produce pineapple and sugarcane and other produce that's competitive with farms in Costa Rica and Fuji and other places that haven't restricted housing. And so we've destroyed more than 80% of the farm industry in Hawaii just since 1982. It's been 80%. So since 1961, it's been more than 80%. In order to preserve the farmlands, we had to destroy the farms. That to me is a very sad commentary on what's happened in housing. Now, since housing has gotten expensive, we've come up with all these wacko ideas to make housing that's affordable. One wacko idea is build high density housing, build more apartments. Well, it turns out apartments cost twice as much per square foot to build as single family homes, maybe more than twice as much if it's really tall, partly because you have to put in elevators.If you're building taller than two or three stores, you have to put in elevators. They're really expensive, more steel, more concrete. It just makes housing a lot more expensive. So you're not building affordable housing when you build apartments. And yet we have all these subsidies that we're throwing at developers that are inefficiently building expensive housing, but it's subsidized housing. And so then they can rent it at lower rates. Then we come up with crazy ideas like, oh, Airbnb is using up all the housing. Well, if we didn't have these restrictions on housing, we could build more housing. There'd be enough housing for Airbnb, there'd be enough housing for vacation homes, and there'd be enough housing for year-round residents. It's only because of the land use law that restrict housing, restrict new development that's made housing expensive. So the number one priority of anybody who cares about affordable housing should be to abolish the state land use laws, not just modify them to increase the amount of urban land, but totally abolish them. We'd see a lot more development on Oahu. We'd see a tiny bit more development on the other islands. Not much. Most of the land that's rural and the other islands would stay rural. At least half the land on Oahu that's rural would stay rural. Probably half of Oahu would stay rural, but there'd be a lot more development and housing would get to be a lot more important.Leafbox:A

Foresters love a challenge! And one such challenge in eastern Northern America has always been northern white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis). A both ecologically and commercially valuable tree species that can be slow-growing, tricky to regenerate, and highly susceptible to deer browse. Join us on this episode of SilviCast as we introduce you to the Cedar Club, a passionate group of forest practitioners and researchers who have been tackling the cedar management question for the pat 23 years. Explore the challenges and opportunities to sustainable management of northern white-cedar.Featured "Cedar Club" Guests: ​Dr. Laura Kenefic, Research Forester and Team Leader, USFS, Northern Research Station; Jean-Claude Ruel, Emeritus Silviculture Professor, Laval University; Charles Tardif, Vice President Manufacturing, Maibec; Dr. Olivier Villemaire-Côté​, Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée (ISFORT-UQO); and Victoria Hunter, Graduate Student, Michigan Technological University

Maybe you've seen this walking through the forest: an oak tree, green and normal-looking on the bottom, dead on top. Or this: A grand old black ash tree with a yellow ribbon tied around it, signaling that this tree has been selected for removal to prevent the spread of emerald ash borer. There is a lot that our trees are facing due the insects and extreme weather, and those who work with trees are worried. The Minnesota DNR's forestry health program, working with the state Department of Agriculture and other partners, are the CDC of tree health in Minnesota. Together they survey state forests and work to problem-solve issues and pests addressing tree heath. MPR News host Cathy Wurzer talked with Brian Schwingle about the problem. He is forest health program coordinator with the DNR.

Nothing will get landowners more fired up than a timber harvest gone wrong. The aftermath often last for years and the next harvest may not come during their lifetime. Foresters and loggers often get put into the same category as a used car salesman, but it's time to break this down. We are going to dive deep into the phrase and science behind the dreaded high-graded timber. First we discuss the expectations that landowners who are conducting a timber harvest must have, do you really expect the logger to come and not harvest larger, more marketable timber? Aggressive timber harvests may be necessarily dependent upon the condition of the timber or the past management. A less aggressive approach such as select harvesting isn't always the best option as it limits the production of quality wildlife habitat and also decreases oak production over time. Here are the facts, sometimes, you need to address the issue and stop putting bandaids on the problem. Timber management and harvesting is very situationally based, so keep this mind when listening to this podcast. But remember not every harvest of an oak is a high-grade, there is likely more to the story, but most importantly there is more work that needs to be done, like future TSI, prescribed fire, and patience.  

We sat down with the creator of Hog FB Chat Anthony Shiffman to talk about how the chat came about, learning and developing as a coach, the networking, the pin-and-pull scheme, and developing relationships with your players. This episode was recorded at AFCA with special thanks to Catapult for giving us a space to sit down and talk with coaches. Shownotes: -Journey into coaching -How Hog FB Chat Developed -Learning through the Hog FB Chat -Building relationships -Creating a unit identity -The Pin and Pull -Play to personnel -Why it's become part of the wide zone team's run game -Techniques for Pin and Pull -Professional development advice -Don't be intimidated by logos -Build relationships to build your career -Bob Wylie and Jim McNally -How technology advances the game -It's always about the player -Hog FB Chat in 2023 -Winning edge - relationships Twitter: @CoachShiffman Related: Chris Fischer Texas HS FB Chat on Coach and Coordinator: https://soundcloud.com/user-804678956/texas-high-school-football-chat-chris-fischer Catapult Sports on Coach and Coordinator: https://soundcloud.com/user-804678956/training-camp-optimal-performance-during-preseason-wdj-callender-yusef-shakir-and-ryan-horton catapultsports.com About Coach Shiffman: Shiffman served as the OL coach at Elmhurst after spending three seasons at Lake Forest College. He coached the offensive line for the Foresters and also served as Run-Game Coordinator in 2021. Lake Forest posted an impressive 20-4 overall record in the three years Shiffman served as an assistant. The Foresters captured a Midwest Conference Championship and qualified for the NCAA Division III Championship during the 2021 campaign. Lake Forest averaged 41.5 points per game while rushing for an average of 180 yards per game and scoring 32 total rushing touchdowns. Shiffman also made coaching stops at Rossview High School in Tennessee (2015-17), and Roanoke Rapids High School in North Carolina (2014-15) and he began his coaching career at Springfield High School (2007-13). He served as the offensive line coach and strength and conditioning coordinator at all three stops while also serving as the Run Game Coordinator at Rossview. 
Shiffman played collegiate football at Illinois College where he was a three-year letter-winner. He earned his master's degree from Greenville College.