Farming Today

MPs on the Public Accounts Committee have called for the merger of the Environment Agency and Natural England. In a new report the committee criticises both organisations - saying that environmental regulators are 'spread too thin to protect nature while delivering reforms'. We speak to Wildlife and Countryside Link which represents dozens of conservation groups to see if they think a merger would work. Farmers and crofters are calling for more help to control geese. Warmer winters mean more geese are staying in Scotland over the winter and farmers say they're ruining crops and soiling grazing. Some species can be shot, but others are protected. NFU Scotland is calling for urgent action to help reduce their numbers. This week we've been taking a look back through history, to discover the foundations of our farming and landscape. If you've ever wondered why we have so many hedges or why rural Britain looks like it does today you have to go back to one of the most seismic events which happened over 200 years ago - The Enclosure Act. It not only shaped what we see in the countryside but also changed rural communities forever. Presenter = Anna Hill Producer = Rebecca Rooney

Conflict in the Middle East will continue to have an impact on global supply chains even after hostilities cease, so say The Agricultural Economics Society who are marking their 100th birthday at their annual conference in Oxford. Will it impact food prices in the supermarket too?Seafood processors say they're concerned that imports of shellfish won't meet new regulations which recognise crustaceans like lobsters as sentient beings which can feel pain. Under the Animal Welfare Strategy they must be dispatched before they're cooked, as painlessly as possible.All week we're taking a step back in time, and looking at the history of farming over the last couple of centuries. Today we're rewinding to experience the country's last remaining example of the medieval three field crop rotation system, in the village of Laxton in Nottinghamshire. Presenter = Anna Hill Producer = Rebecca Rooney

A farmer with six hundred tonnes of potatoes he can't sell is blaming changing consumer tastes. GB Potatoes says this year is a “tough market” for growers, as a bumper crop this year has caused an oversupply.This week we're looking at the history of farming and what that tells us about what drives change in farming and food. One of the biggest seed and chemical crop protection companies in the world is expanding their operation in the UK.Presented by Charlotte Smith and produced by Beatrice Fenton

The government's launched its long-awaited land use framework for England. It describes it as a "blueprint to protect food security". The farming minister says it won't tell farmers, developers or local authorities what they must do, but it will give them better, more comprehensive data - including the creation of a national soil map. What difference will it make? We hear from farmers, environmentalists and the Countryside Alliance who are worried about what it means for field sports.Rural households struggling to pay for heating oil are to receive government help with their bills. The war in the Middle East has had a massive impact on global supplies of oil, gas and fertiliser - pushing up prices. The Prime Minister has pledged to help people who have seen their bills soar: energy prices will be capped until the end of June; the cut in fuel duty has been extended until September; and the government's allocated £53 million to help vulnerable rural households with their heating oil bills. New laws to protect livestock from dog attacks have come into force. It's the first time the law around livestock-worrying has changed since it was introduced more than 70 years ago The changes include new powers for police; the use of DNA testing to identify dogs which attack; and dog owners can now be ordered to pay for the cost of seizing and detaining their dog. There'll also be scope to issue an unlimited fine - previously the maximum penalty was one thousand pounds. All week we've been looking at food processing - today we see how you add value to oats by turning them into a drink.Presenter = Charlotte Smith Producer = Rebecca Rooney

Computer says no - why nearly 4,000 farmers are excluded from the government's new environmental support schemes. Scottish seed potato growers have been gathering in Dundee this week to hear how a 5-year long project might save their industry from the impact of a tiny but devastating worm, called the potato cyst nematode.We're looking into how the food our farmers grow is processed all this week. Most of the beans and peas we grow for human consumption in the UK pass through just one large processing company. Presented by Caz Graham and produced by Beatrice Fenton.

We get reaction to the Government's 'vision for how we use our land'. What difference will England's Land Use Framework make?And oats - they're increasingly attractive as a crop because they need relatively low inputs, are compatible with environmentally friendly rotations, and are rising in value in food markets. Like the oat drink market, for people looking for an alternative to dairy. All this week we are looking at food processing, and today we see how you get from an oat to a drink.Presented by Charlotte Smith and produced by Beatrice Fenton.

The government's launched its long-awaited land use framework for England. It describes it as a "blueprint to protect food security". The farming minister says it won't tell farmers, developers or local authorities what they must do, but it will give them better, more comprehensive data - including the creation of a national soil map. There'll be support to grow more drought and flood resilient strains of crop - to help farmers adapt to a changing climate. We speak to farming minister Angela Eagle as she tours the crop research unit at Reading University farm. Presenter = Anna Hill Producer = Rebecca Rooney

Rural households struggling to pay for heating oil are to receive government help with their bills. The war in the Middle East has had a massive impact on global supplies of oil, gas and fertiliser - pushing up prices. The Prime Minister has pledged to help people who have seen their bills soar: energy prices will be capped until the end of June; the cut in fuel duty has been extended until September; and the government's allocated £53 million to help vulnerable rural households with their heating oil bills. We speak to the Rural Services Network which welcomes the support, but says a long term strategy's needed to reflect the extra costs of living and working in the countryside.New laws to protect livestock from dog attacks are coming into force. It's the first time the law around livestock-worrying has changed since it was introduced more than 70 years ago The government says livestock numbers have doubled since then, and more people are visiting the countryside with their dogs. The changes include new powers for police; the use of DNA testing to identify dogs which attack; and dog owners can now be ordered to pay for the cost of seizing and detaining their dog. There'll also be scope to issue an unlimited fine - previously the maximum penalty was one thousand pounds. We speak to a dairy farmer from Cheshire whose livestock have been attacked about the difference the new laws will make.All week we're looking at food processing. We visit one of Scotland's biggest venison processors to hear how the raw product is delivered to them and how they deal with wildly fluctuating supplies. Presenter = Anna Hill Producer = Rebecca Rooney

New research reveals the impact of war on the soils of Ukraine, and in a country once called the breadbasket of Europe that could have long term repercussions. Farmers in South Wales are warning that “sheep will starve” if urgent steps aren't taken to create access for suppliers cut off following a significant landslip. It has closed the main road to the village of Llanthony since the end of January.All this week we are looking at food processing. Food and drink is Britain's biggest manufacturing sector with an annual turnover of about £148 billion - that's according to the Food and Drink Federation which represents these businesses, and it warns that at the moment weak consumer demand and cost pressures make this a difficult sector to be in. Presented by Charlotte Smith and produced by Beatrice Fenton.

Lab-grown meat, edible insects and 3D printed mash could be on plates in the next couple of decades. A new report from the Food Standards Agency and Food Standards Scotland looks at the innovative food technologies most likely to reach us consumers by 2035 - and how they can be regulated to make sure they're safe. The government forecast for farm business income in England for this financial year has been released. The figures underline the difficult financial decisions many are facing. With the exeception of dairy farms and some lowland grazing businesses, all farming is forecast to see a drop in income in comparison with last year - and as the figures were compiled in February, the recent falls in the milk price may yet have an impact on that. This week we're looking at fertilisers - one husband and wife team, who're engineers, have developed a system using enzymes to process chicken muck. They say this type of fertiliser is more efficient to use and will help stop pollution running off farmland into rivers.Presenter = Charlotte Smith Producer = Rebecca Rooney

British tomato growers say they may be forced to end their growing season early and import more tomatoes because of the increasing costs of heating. They say the conflict in the Middle East has raised the price of gas, with some growers' bills doubling in the last 2 weeks. Growing tomatoes (and other crops) in glasshouses is an energy hungry industry, and with similar problems across Europe growers say consumers can expect price rises. Simon Conway is Chair of the British Tomato Growers Association.All this week we've been talking about fertiliser - and today its manure and slurry, or muck. There are rules governing this, which, as agriculture is devolved are slightly different across the UK. In Northern Ireland its the Nutrients Action Programme which covers the whole country, in the rest of the UK we have Nitrate Vulnerable Zones - NVZ's - which cover 55% of England, five areas of Scotland, and the whole of Wales. They all restrict WHEN farmers can spread muck, and how much per hectare. But as the weather becomes less predictable, farmers particularly in Wales say the rules are too restrictive. Sally Challoner reports A concession had allowed around 75 shearers from Australia and New Zealand to work here for the season without a work visa - the policy was due to end this year. After warnings that ending it would impact sheep welfare the government now says it will allow shearers in, but there will be more checks and they will have to get a visa at a cost of £682. Jill Hewitt is from the National Association of Agricultural Contractors, Charlotte Smith asked her if the cost of this year's visa could put shearers off coming to the UK.Presenter = Charlotte Smith Producer = Marie Lennon

It's less than a month before the new inheritance tax comes in for farmers, and the Government's Finance Bill reaching the report stage is a last chance for any amendments to be considered. After a Government u-turn at the end of the year, the tax threshold was increased, but there are concerns the policy still doesn't give Tenant Farmers, who don't own their land, the same advantage. The Tenant Farmers Association share their concerns. A farm vets practise in Gloucestershire is offering free workshops for Young Farmers groups to spend time with their vets asking questions and taking part in practical workshops. Marie Lennon went to Tyndale Vets for one of the sessions. For decades, farmers have used sewage sludge, or bio solids as fertiliser. That's the waste that comes from us after it's been cleaned up in water treatment plants. Compared to imported artificial fertiliser, its very cheap - it can even be free. But there's concern that sewage-derived fertiliser may contain microplastics, pharmaceuticals and some so-called forever chemicals. The government is proposing to tighten the rules on using sewage sludge on farmland Scotland introduced tighter rules a few months ago – and Wales is also looking to reform. Tom Heap reports.Presented by Anna Hill and produced by Marie Lennon

The meat industry say increased charges for Food Standards Agency staff such as abattoir vets and inspectors could threaten some operations. New charges come into force at the end of this month, and the hourly rate for some services will be more than 20% higher. The Food Standards Agency says a global vet shortage means it is having to pay more to recruit and retain them, and there are other inflationary pressures across the sector. We speak to the Association of Independent Meat Suppliers. Food producers, manufacturers, importers and exporters are all being asked to get prepared early for the new trading system under the EU/UK Trade Agreement, which is expected to come in next year. The new agreement will include a relaxation of the food biosecurity paperwork, known as SPS or Sanitary and Phytosanitary rules. The International Chambers of Commerce say this is good news. And trade disruption caused by the war in the Middle East has pushed oil and fertiliser prices up. Farmers here are worried there could be shortages of imported fertiliser. With this in mind, some farmers are looking at ways of mitigating the situation. David Morgan keeps a large herd of beef cattle at Peterchurch in Herefordshire's Golden Valley. He's invested in slurry separating equipment to help produce better home grown fertiliser.Presenter = Anna Hill Producer = Rebecca Rooney

The Government's decision to ban lead shot from 2028 will impact the ability to control deer numbers - that's according to the British Association for Shooting and Conservation which says that the new legislation, which will cover England, Scotland and Wales, will ban the ammunition used by many deer stalkers. Last month the Government released its 10 year English deer strategy, which estimated that one-third of England's woodlands are damaged by deer, with urgent action needed to protect trees and wildlife. A new loom is being built for a woolen mill in Wales which closed down 50 years ago. Cambrian Mill is in an area once known as the 'Huddersfield of Wales' as it was so important to wool production, and when it closed down it became the National Wool Museum which this year celebrates its 50th anniversary.Farmers use a variety of things to add nutrients to soil and plants to improve the quality and quantity of crops, from organic fertilisers like manure and compost to sewage sludge and man made fertilisers like liquid nitrogen. We're talking about all of them this week, as well as their impact on the environment. Presented by Charlotte Smith and produced by Beatrice Fenton.

The first UK trial of a vaccine for avian flu has started. Bird flu costs the government an average of £174 million every year and there have been 95 outbreaks in the UK since last autumn. Other countries have used vaccination to try to control the disease: five vaccines are licensed for use in the European Union, but not in the UK. The new trial will see 1000 turkeys vaccinated and, if successful, the vaccine may be rolled out to turkeys and ducks. The cost of the vaccine and the surveillance testing afterwards however, means chickens won't be included.As the impact of the war in the Middle East is felt on world markets, there are concerns about the cost and availability of fuel and fertilizer. This time of the year, when spring planting is underway, both are in high demand. We hear from manufacturers and suppliers about the effect.Land and its uses is seen as the answer to some of the big questions faced by society: cutting greenhouse gas emissions by generating renewable energy; building new homes to ease the housing crisis; making space for nature to halt the collapse of wildlife numbers; and farming to feed the nation. However land is a finite resource, so the debate over which land should be used for what purpose is becoming increasingly charged. The Calver family in Somerset installed a cheddar turning robot in their cheese cave 10 years ago. It was a world's first and we made a programme about it. We revisit the farm where the robot is still going strong and the family are now making ricotta, mozzarella and raw milk cheddar as well.Presenter = Charlotte Smith Producer = Rebecca Rooney

British chickens are unlikely to be vaccinated against bird flu because of the cost and concerns about trade. The first UK trial of an avian flu vaccine is underway on 1,000 turkeys and if it's successful the vaccine may be rolled out to them and to ducks. But the British Poultry Council says that given the cost of the vaccine and the surveillance testing afterwards chickens won't be included. Artificial intelligence has the potential to revolutionise farming - but how? trials are underway all over the country looking at everything, from soil to bees.Presented by Charlotte Smith and produced by Beatrice Fenton.

The government's launching its first field trial of a bird flu vaccine, in turkeys in England. The poultry industry has been calling for an avian flu vaccine, which could protect millions of birds against the disease. Five veterinary vaccines are approved for use across the European Union, but they haven't been approved in the UK. We speak to the Deputy Chief Veterinary Officer about how the trial will workAs the impact of the war in the Middle East starts to be felt on world markets, groups in the UK who buy fertiliser and fuel for farmers, are fielding calls from farmers worried about price rises. This time of the year, when spring planting is underway, both fertiliser and fuel are in high demand. All week we're talking about land use, and the many demands that are being put on farm land, from growing food, to producing green energy, mitigating climate change and managing water. We talk to the people who are going to be affected by plans for a big reservoir in South Oxfordshire.Presenter = Anna Hill Producer = Rebecca Rooney

MPs question top civil servants about surveillance at Dover Port and illegal meat. The EFRA Committee said nearly a fifth of consignments directed from Dover to a border control point 20 miles away at Sevington, were failing to do so. All week we're exploring how farmland is being used. Solar farms can be controversial, but how do farmers and landowners with tenants view the issue? Norfolk County council has more than 16,000 acres in tenant farms. It's decided that none of its tenants will be allowed to put solar panels on their land, although they are encouraged to install them on farm buildings.We've all been told that less waste is good, and we're urged to recycle, but what if your household rubbish could be used to grow tomatoes or salad ? A landfill site next to the M4 in Wiltshire has installed a prototype inflatable structure which will use cleaned gases from waste, to grow food under cover.Presenter - Anna Hill Producer - Rebecca Rooney

The first shipment of tariff-free UK beef has arrived on shop shelves in the United States. It's part of the UK-US trade deal which allows a reciprocal movement of 13,000 tonnes of US and UK beef across the Atlantic. For British farmers, the government claims the deal is worth £70 million a year, if the quota is fully used. We ask a trade expert how significant it will be.All week we're talking about the varied pressures on farm land, from energy production to growing food. Deepdale Farm on the North Norfolk coast has sandy loamy soil. For many years one of its fields produced a healthy crop of carrots, but continual production, combined with high rainfall, led to a catastrophic degradation of the soil and in 2020 the field slipped, and flooded the village below. It was a massive shock and led to a wholesale re-assessment of how the land is managed. The farm's since become organic and introduced cover crops and flood protection systems.Farmers are being asked to join a project to investigate whether growing a variety of the common dandelion could solve a worldwide shortage of natural rubber. Natural rubber production has been falling in its native sites in South East Asia because of disease and climate change. Scientists are breeding a special variety of dandelion indoors, without soil, in hydroponic or aeroponic systems, and harvesting it to create high quality rubber. Presenter = Anna Hill Producer = Rebecca Rooney

After a marathon run of torrential rain, floods, and grey skies to start 2026 , the drought warnings from last Autumn seem a world away. Back in October, the Environment Agency said that at least 100% of the average rainfall would be needed every month until the end of March for England to recover fully from the 2025 drought. Steve Turner from the UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology tells Charlotte that rivers and groundwater have returned to normal, or above normal, levels in most of the country.We meet a grower search for an elusive and almost forgotten Derbyshire apple: Mrs Wilmot's Pippin. Land is seen as the answer to some of the big questions faced by Society: cutting greenhouse gas emissions by generating renewable energy, building new homes to ease the housing crisis, making space for nature to halt the collapse of wildlife numbers...and farming to feed the nation. As land is a finite resource, the debate over which land should be used for what purpose is becoming increasingly charged. The Government is hoping to take some of the heat out of the discussion, and provide much needed clarity. It's already consulted on a Land Use Framework for England, and the final version is due to be published soon. Ahead of that, this week we're looking at those competing pressures on land. Presenter: Charlotte Smith Producer: Sarah Swadling

Mackerel will soon be disappearing from the shelves of Waitrose as the supermarket says it's 'taking a stand against overfishing'. In September last year the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), recommended that North-east Atlantic Mackerel catches should be cut by 70% to help rebuild stocks to a sustainable level. But four countries which fish for Mackerel in the North East Atlantic cut their quota for 2026 by just 48% compared to the previous year. As a result, Waitrose has decided to suspend sourcing from the end of April. Fishing organisations in Scotland say they are disappointed and feel they have been unfairly penalised because - they say - the UK has led the way in trying to secure sustainable fishing for Mackerel.Anna Hill reports from a Cromer seafood processor who's experiencing a drop in the availability of Crabs following fishing disruption due to wind farm construction. It's been a worrying winter for poultry farmers, with cases of avian flu in England, Scotland and Wales. The Pirbright Institute's Head of Avian Virology updates us on what he describes as the 'third worst ever' epidemic of high pathogenicity bird flu in the UK, and reflects on what might lie ahead over the spring and summer. Cambridge University's vet school will not be closing after all. The University's governing body has rejected proposals to cease taking new entrants.Presenter: Anna Hill Producer: Sarah Swadling

The farming minister says changes announced this week will help make farms more resilient. Angela Eagle speaks to us about the government's biggest environmental scheme, England's Sustainable Farming Incentive, which is getting an overhaul. The other UK nations have different schemes. Reaction has been generally welcoming, with some buts...Farmers and landowners are calling for a new arrangement which would allow them to take rubbish illegally fly tipped on their land to landfill sites free of charge. At the moment they have to foot the bill for any clean up. This comes as new government figures for England show a nine per cent increase year on year in the number of incidents local councils have to deal with. We hear an update on the illegal waste site cleanup at Hoad's Wood near Ashford in Kent.Presented by Charlotte Smith and produced by Beatrice Fenton.

The Environment Secretary has revealed more details of the rebooted Sustainable Farming Incentive in England, at the National Farmers Union Conference. It'll include an annual cap of £100,000 and fewer options. Smaller farms of between 3 and 50 hectares will be able to apply in June, as will larger farms who haven't previously been signed up to one of the Environment Land Management schemes. Everyone else will be able to apply in September. The President of the NFU, Tom Bradshaw, told the conference that that a failure to build farming resilience would put food security, and national security at risk. Some of the delegates reflect on resilience and confidence in their own businesses: we hear from a pig farmer, wheat and potato grower, and a young dairy farmer. Presenter: Anna Hill Producer: Sarah Swadling

It's four years today since Russia's full scale invasion of Ukraine. It's obviously been devastating for the population; and while front line fighters and high pressure politics make the headlines, its the country's farmers who have the massive responsibility of keeping the people of Ukraine fed. The war has led to soaring prices of fuel and fertiliser - but more than that, labour shortages and continual power cuts have put massive pressure on what was an efficient and profitable industry. We hear from Kees Huizinga, a Dutch farmer who moved to Ukraine to run a large mixed farm, just before the invasion took place. He estimates that 20 percent of farm land has been lost to the war. We also hear from the BBC's former Ukraine correspondent James Waterhouse who's seen the devastation for himself.Several farmers in the Midlands have been giving up pieces of their land to create wetland habitats for wintering birds. Work is being carried out to make scrapes and channels on fields so they'll attract species like the snipe and the lapwing. Presented by Anna Hill and produced by Sally Challoner

The government's announced a new 10 year plan for controlling deer numbers in England. It estimates that a third of woodlands are damaged by deer and says immediate action is needed to protect trees and crops.A project in the Ashdown Forest aims to persuade more people to eat venison. Deer managers are working with the Brighton and Hove Food Partnership, and with apprentice butchers at Plumpton College.BBC News NI has obtained figures showing there have been over 150 farm related accidents in Northern Ireland between 2019-2025. We hear from a musician whose career was jeopardised by a machinery accident on the family farm.Presenter: Charlotte Smith Producer: Sarah Swadling

This week marks the 25th anniversary of the 2001 Foot and Mouth outbreak, which caused devastation to thousands of farms across the country. Around 6.5 million animals were culled, with a cost to the UK economy of £8 billion. Charlotte Smith meets a farmer whose animals were destroyed in the outbreak, and speaks to UK Chief Vet Christine Middlemiss about the risk of another outbreak - and whether the response would be different.The issue of biosecurity at our ports has been in the spotlight in recent months. Dover Port Health Authority announced its highest ever monthly total of seizures of illegal meat - finding 34 tonnes of it in January. We hear from chair of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs select committee Alistair Carmichael MP, who gives us his reaction to the latest figures.Sheep shearing is an international business, with skilled shearers travelling the world to work across different countries. Many shearers who come to the UK are from Australia and New Zealand and have previously been allowed entry into the country each year via a special concession for highly skilled workers. This year, the UK Home Office has decided not to give this special temporary access. The National Association of Agricultural Contractors say these shearers are essential to the farming industry, and are warning that sheep welfare may be compromised without them.Farm vets are vital to any livestock business, but there's a shortage of vets wanting to work on farms. We join a cattle vet on a visit to a Wiltshire farm to hear about her role and Charlotte speaks to BVA president Rob Williams, who explains some of the reasons behind the shortage.Farming Today This Week was presented by Charlotte Smith and produced by Jo Peacey. A BBC Audio Bristol production.

Charlotte Smith is in Devon to reflect on the impact of the 2001 Foot and Mouth crisis 25 years on. Highly contagious foot and mouth disease was confirmed at an Essex abattoir on 19th February 2001. The outbreak which followed led to the slaughter of 6.5 million cattle, sheep, and pigs and cost the UK economy an estimated £8 billion. The emotional cost to farming families was incalculable. Charlotte speaks to the then South West Regional Director of the National Farmers Union, Anthony Gibson, who recalls the 'cataclysm' which hit the farming community. Farming Today's Caz Graham remembers the smell of burning pyres and disinfectant on the air in Cumbria, the worst hit county. She hosted a nightly phone in on BBC Radio Cumbria during the crisis, where callers would share their grief and anger. Charlotte visits Phil Heard's farm on Dartmoor, which got caught up in the controversial 'contiguous cull' policy, in which farms neighbouring confirmed outbreaks of Foot and Mouth would also have their animals compulsorily slaughtered. Presenter: Charlotte Smith Producer: Sarah Swadling

The Environment Agency and Met Office are warning of more rain and unsettled weather continuing into March at least. And that's going to delay essential farm jobs even longer - crops not planted, slurry not spread. For contractors who rely on this work, the forecast is another blow. Their national body - the National Association of Agricultural Contractors - has been meeting in Cornwall to discuss the situation. Its chair Matt Redman told Caz Graham the rain is stopping vital work, and when it finally clears there will be less time to complete the work, putting extra strain on staff and machinery.The UK is facing an acute shortages of vets, particularly in farm animal and public sector roles. A survey last year suggested that more than 40 % of ‘large animal' vets have considered leaving their jobs, and replacing them will be difficult - many undergraduates who study veterinary science have limited exposure to farmers and agriculture, and choose to specialise in other parts of the profession. Will Golding is a graduate of the University of Nottingham's vet school and knew from the off that farm vet practice was the career for him.Not having access to a large animal vet makes farming - or crofting - impossible. So when the last vet on the Hebridean Island of Tiree retired and no one came forward to take over the practice, islanders realised they'd have to take matter into their own hands. This week they've opened what's thought to be UK's first ‘not for profit' community owned vets. Presented by Caz Graham and produced in Bristol by Sally Challoner

Thirty four tonnes of illegal meat and animal products were intercepted over the course of January, at Dover docks. The Port Health Authority says it's the highest monthly total they have ever seized. Meanwhile, also in January, Suffolk Coastal Port Health Authority discovered 300 kilos of illegal pork at Harwich. It was found wrapped in foil and packed into suitcases. The chair of the Commons Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs Committee, Alistair Carmichael, gives his reaction.We're talking about farm vets all this week on the programme. Until 1999 UK veterinary practises had to be owned by vets but now 60 per cent of practises are owned by companies - some of them large. In Staffordshire, farm vet Ellen Widdowson decided to set up her own independent practice, with a colleague, after her previous employer was bought by a corporate group. The Home Office has said it'll no longer give special temporary access to the UK for overseas sheep shearers. The National Association of Agricultural Contractors says the concession is essential to the farming industry, and the decision could compromise animal welfare. The association estimates the 75 or so overseas shearers, who mainly come from New Zealand and Australia, would shear up to 1.5 million sheep during their time in the UK.Presenter: Caz Graham Producer: Sarah Swadling

Livestock worrying cost UK farmers nearly two million pounds last year, a ten percent increase on the year before. Farm insurers NFU Mutual, who published the figures, say that's in spite of many pet owners believing their own dogs are incapable of injuring or killing farm animals.This week we're exploring the role of the farm vet and today we're out on the round with a cattle vet in Wiltshire. More than two hundred thousand new hedgerow trees are being planted this winter, as part of the Campaign To Protect Rural England's Hedgerow heroes Initiative. BBC South East Today's Chrissie Reidy went along to see planting at the Birling Estate in Kent. Presenter: Caz Graham Producer: Sarah Swadling

There'll be a bigger splash of bright yellow across the countryside later in the spring, at least compared to last year. Signs are that, after a 40 year low in planting, Oilseed Rape is starting to come back into favour with farmers. Many had moved away from it because of pest problems, the chemical used to combat the Cabbage Stem Flea Beetle was banned in the UK in 2010. Low prices for other crops have made oilseed rape a more appealing prospect.Our subject for the week is farm vets. The UK is short of vets who want to work on farms and indeed those who want to work in the Government's animal health services, where the vacancy rate is about 25%. With the University of Cambridge considering closing its vet course and a survey last year suggesting that more than 40 per cent of farm vets have considered leaving their jobs: what's the future? Charlotte Smith discusses the reasons for a shortage of vets, and what could be done about it, with the president of the British Veterinary Association. We also hear from a panel of experts discussing the potential risks and benefits of Artificial Intelligence for vets and farmers.Presenter: Charlotte Smith Producer: Sarah Swadling

After what was the wettest January on record for some, more rain means more problems for farmers, from flooding and waterlogged fields to worries about the impact on this year's harvest and their bottom lines. This week we heard from farmers at different ends of the country.We hear from the Environment Agency boss on building resilience though natural flood management, in a landscape recovery project in Oxfordshire.And AI in dairy: Big Brother is watching moo.Presented by Charlotte Smith and produced by Beatrice Fenton.

James Winslade's fields started to flood nearly three weeks ago. They're still under water, and the floods are creeping closer to his farm buildings. He updates us on the situation on his Somerset farm, and tells Charlotte Smith that this year's floods will put a 'huge strain' on the business.The relentless rain is leaving some livestock farmers, especially dairy farmers, with a mucky conundrum. Environmental regulations prevent slurry being spread on the land during the wettest winter months, to reduce the risk of pollution runoff into water courses. That period's now officially over, but many fields are too wet for slurry spreading. Storage space is finite...and with animals winter housed the slurry keeps coming.With increasingly unpredictable weather patterns and rising costs of fertilisers and pesticides, could Artificial Intelligence help arable farmers make their growing season more efficient, and more profitable? The Royal Agricultural University is investigating the use of AI and drones to identify weeds in a wheat crop, so precision treatment can be used to take them out.Presenter: Charlotte Smith Producer: Sarah Swadling

With some farms underwater we hear from the Environment Agency boss on building resilience though natural flood management.The plant based drink company Oatly has lost a long running legal battle over the use of the term 'milk' in its marketing. And can AI help fight crop pests? Presented by Charlotte Smith and produced by Beatrice Fenton.

Eastern Scotland is usually relatively dry but so far this year it's experienced record-breaking rainfall. Aberdeen last saw sunshine on 19th of January. We hear from arable and beef farmer Jack Stevenson in his, very wet, winter wheat fields on the East Coast. He tells us some parts of Aberdeenshire have seen about a quarter of their annual rainfall in a matter of weeks during January and February.Artificial intelligence, AI, is starting to influence many aspects of everyday life. Farming is no exception, and this week we're looking at how the technology might be harnessed to help solve some tricky problems. Today: dairy cows' health and welfare. The University of Bristol vet school's farm is using AI and CCTV cameras to spot changes in behaviour among its dairy cows, to find out whether it can pick up potential issues sooner than human herd managers. The project has turned a barn into a bovine Big Brother House.Beef cows grazing with their calves are a traditional part of the landscape, particularly in upland areas of the UK. But a new report says Welsh beef suckler herd numbers have decreased by nearly 40 percent over the last two decades. The National Farmers Union in Wales, - NFU Cymru - produced the report, and it says this approach to beef farming is in need of urgent support. Presenter: Anna Hill Producer: Sarah Swadling

The Country Land and Business Association, CLA, says winter flooding is putting pressure on farm finances, coming after summer drought and during a period of poor arable and milk prices. The CLA's Deputy President, Joe Evans, describes driving past 'hundreds of acres' of 'prime arable land' under water on the outskirts of Worcester. He tells Anna Hill of instances where arable farmers in Somerset have stopped growing crops because of repeated flooding. He believes that farmers could be more resilient, and help protect nearby communities, if they were given the right policy and regulatory support.The Government has said it plans to end the use of sow farrowing crates under proposals in the new Animal Welfare Bill. These narrow pens are used in indoor pig units, and they confine sows during birth and suckling, for around a month. Their purpose is to prevent sows killing piglets by accidentally lying on them. We visit a farm in East Yorkshire which has been trialling alternative systems for 15 years. This week we're exploring how artificial intelligence, AI, could help farmers improve efficiency, and reduce the environment footprint of producing food. Today, a project combining AI with a camera which 'sees' things in a different way to the human eye, to understand how plants are behaving. It could eventually help farmers use nitrogen fertiliser much more precisely.Presenter: Anna Hill Producer: Sarah Swadling

Over the past few weeks farmers have been protesting, at ports and around supermarket distribution centres. Why? They say it's a combination of things, from concerns about the impact of imported food to the prices supermarkets pay for UK produce, along with continuing anger over inheritance tax on farms. The Government has raised the threshold, now farmers can pass on a farm worth up to £2.5m without being affected but some say that not enough and they want the tax scrapped. Civil servants will be spending time on farms. The Department of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs has agreed a 4 year contract with the Allerton Project to provide training to all its staff and 'deepen their understanding of modern British Agriculture".Artificial intelligence is having an impact on many businesses around the world and farming is no exception, so this week we're looking at AI in agriculture. From monitoring the health of crops to measuring their uptake of water and improving animal welfare AI is already being used all around the country.Presented by Charlotte Smith and produced by Beatrice Fenton.

Electronic Collars are to be banned under new rules for the RSPCA's Assured scheme for dairy cows. The collars are used instead of fencing, and make noise and then deliver a small electric shock to the cow if she goes outside the prescribed area. In April the RSPCA is also introducing other changes: a requirement for more access to pasture, a minimum of 120 days a year; changes to rules around transport of pregnant cows; and use of RSPCA Assured slaughter houses. A new report published by the think tank The Resolution Foundation says the government's goal of 'net zero' across the UK, could force less proftable farms into debt, and lead to 3,500 farms losing money. It says progress to remove the carbon from farming has been slow and advises that policy makers should intervene to ensure costs are passed to the consumer.MPs on the Environment Food and Rural Affairs Committee are calling on the Government to have a ‘national conversation' on the new EU/UK agri-food trade agreement, so farmers don't end up disadvantaged. All this week, we've been talking about starting out in farming. The cost of land and the price of renting makes it difficult for those who're not from a farming family. One young couple have realised their dream by leaving behind their city lives in York and moving hundreds of miles to Scotland, to a croft in the Western Isles.We meet a farmer who has gone back to her family farming roots in Norfolk. After working variously as a PE teacher and journalist she now single handedly runs a herd of Wagyu beef cattle,Presenter = Charlotte Smith Producer = Rebecca Rooney

The National Farmers' Union of Scotland holds its annual conference and calls for more funding to improve profitability.All this week we've been speaking to people new to farming. Today, we hear from two new entrants about how they got their feet on the ladder.We visit a company in Wiltshire that specialises in UK grown hemp seed.Presented by Anna Hill and produced by Beatrice Fenton.

MPs are calling on the Government to have a ‘national conversation' on the new EU/UK agri-food trade agreement, so farmers don't end up disadvantaged. The new trade agreement is expected to come into place by 2027. But there are concerns the deal will bring the need for re-alignment of rules, as since Brexit the UK has diverged on things like animal welfare, gene editing and pesticide regulation. The Environment Food and Rural Affairs Select Committee is warning the Government must seek ‘carve outs' or exemptions on alignment to "avoid unnecessary burdens and undercutting of farmers".Human health scientists have been working with plant scientists to discover, for the first time, how a plant passes down information to the seeds it's developing. Researchers at the John Innes Centre and The Earlham Institute in Norwich, say 'mother' plants use hormonal messaging to prime their seeds for the climate and nutrient environment they're likely to face when they germinate. All week we're talking to people starting out in agriculture. Even if you grow up on a family farm, it can be a good idea to go and try working somewhere else, to broaden your skills. Presented by Anna Hill and produced by Beatrice Fenton.

A new report published by the think tank The Resolution Foundation says the government's goal of 'net zero' across the UK, could force less profitable farms into debt, and lead to 3,500 farms losing money. It says progress to decarbonise farming has been slow and there is no 'silver bullet' which will do the 'heavy lifting' for the sector to reduce its impact on climate change. It advises that policymakers should intervene to ensure costs are passed to the consumer.The Ulster Farmers Union has accused the Northern Ireland government of failing to support young farmers following the closure of one scheme last year and with another also about to come to an end. The Young Farmers Payment Scheme closed in 2025 - though the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs says successful applicants will continue to get top up payments for five years. The pilot Farming for the Generations scheme was designed to support farming families planning for succession. It's closing next month and DAERA says there will be an evaluation before the scheme is relaunched. Many things make it difficult to get a toe-hold on the farming ladder, not least the availability and cost of buying land. Some people though, are determined to overcome those challenges, against the odds. We meet a young couple who realised their dream by leaving behind their city lives in York and moving hundreds of miles to Scotland, to a croft in the Western Isles.Presenter = Anna Hill Producer = Rebecca Rooney

The RSPCA is updating its welfare standards for dairy cattle under its RSPCA Assured scheme. The changes come into operation this April and include: more access to pasture - a minimum of 120 days a year; changes to rules around transport of pregnant cows; and use of RSPCA Assured slaughterhouses. The changes also mean that electronic collars, which are used instead of fencing, will be banned under the scheme.Grey squirrels are a big problem for foresters. They strip off bark and leave trees dead or deformed. They also spread squirrel pox disease which kills native red squirrel populations. The government's issued a new policy statement on managing grey squirrels in England. It includes financial incentives and advice to help landowners take action, and it encourages a more collaborative approach to control numbers.All week we're looking at people who are starting out in farming. Rodrigo Navarro is a former chef and last May he set up a free-range egg business in Hampshire. He started as part of the Pitch Up scheme, which matches newcomers with large landowners or estates. Presenter = Anna Hill Producer = Rebecca Rooney