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Last time we spoke about the climax of the battle of Lake Khasan. In August, the Lake Khasan region became a tense theater of combat as Soviet and Japanese forces clashed around Changkufeng and Hill 52. The Soviets pushed a multi-front offensive, bolstered by artillery, tanks, and air power, yet the Japanese defenders held firm, aided by engineers, machine guns, and heavy guns. By the ninth and tenth, a stubborn Japanese resilience kept Hill 52 and Changkufeng in Japanese hands, though the price was steep and the field was littered with the costs of battle. Diplomatically, both sides aimed to confine the fighting and avoid a larger war. Negotiations trudged on, culminating in a tentative cease-fire draft for August eleventh: a halt to hostilities, positions to be held as of midnight on the tenth, and the creation of a border-demarcation commission. Moscow pressed for a neutral umpire; Tokyo resisted, accepting a Japanese participant but rejecting a neutral referee. The cease-fire was imperfect, with miscommunications and differing interpretations persisting. #185 Operation Hainan Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. After what seemed like a lifetime over in the northern border between the USSR and Japan, today we are returning to the Second Sino-Japanese War. Now I thought it might be a bit jarring to dive into it, so let me do a brief summary of where we are at, in the year of 1939. As the calendar turned to 1939, the Second Sino-Japanese War, which had erupted in July 1937 with the Marco Polo Bridge Incident and escalated into full-scale conflict, had evolved into a protracted quagmire for the Empire of Japan. What began as a swift campaign to subjugate the Republic of China under Chiang Kai-shek had, by the close of 1938, transformed into a war of attrition. Japanese forces, under the command of generals like Shunroku Hata and Yasuji Okamura, had achieved stunning territorial gains: the fall of Shanghai in November 1937 after a brutal three-month battle that cost over 200,000 Chinese lives; the infamous capture of Nanjing in December 1937, marked by the Nanjing Massacre where an estimated 300,000 civilians and disarmed soldiers were killed in a six-week orgy of violence; and the sequential occupations of Xuzhou in May 1938, Wuhan in October 1938, and Guangzhou that same month. These victories secured Japan's control over China's eastern seaboard, major riverine arteries like the Yangtze, and key industrial centers, effectively stripping the Nationalists of much of their economic base. Yet, despite these advances, China refused to capitulate. Chiang's government had retreated inland to the mountainous stronghold of Chongqing in Sichuan province, where it regrouped amid the fog-laden gorges, drawing on the vast human reserves of China's interior and the resilient spirit of its people. By late 1938, Japanese casualties had mounted to approximately 50,000 killed and 200,000 wounded annually, straining the Imperial Japanese Army's resources and exposing the vulnerabilities of overextended supply lines deep into hostile territory. In Tokyo, the corridors of the Imperial General Headquarters and the Army Ministry buzzed with urgent deliberations during the winter of 1938-1939. The initial doctrine of "quick victory" through decisive battles, epitomized by the massive offensives of 1937 and 1938, had proven illusory. Japan's military planners, influenced by the Kwantung Army's experiences in Manchuria and the ongoing stalemate, recognized that China's sheer size, with its 4 million square miles and over 400 million inhabitants, rendered total conquest unfeasible without unacceptable costs. Intelligence reports highlighted the persistence of Chinese guerrilla warfare, particularly in the north where Communist forces under Mao Zedong's Eighth Route Army conducted hit-and-run operations from bases in Shanxi and Shaanxi, sabotaging railways and ambushing convoys. The Japanese response included brutal pacification campaigns, such as the early iterations of what would later formalize as the "Three Alls Policy" (kill all, burn all, loot all), aimed at devastating rural economies and isolating resistance pockets. But these measures only fueled further defiance. By early 1939, a strategic pivot was formalized: away from direct annihilation of Chinese armies toward a policy of economic strangulation. This "blockade and interdiction" approach sought to sever China's lifelines to external aid, choking off the flow of weapons, fuel, and materiel that sustained the Nationalist war effort. As one Japanese staff officer noted in internal memos, the goal was to "starve the dragon in its lair," acknowledging the limits of Japanese manpower, total forces in China numbered around 1 million by 1939, against China's inexhaustible reserves. Central to this new strategy were the three primary overland supply corridors that had emerged as China's backdoors to the world, compensating for the Japanese naval blockade that had sealed off most coastal ports since late 1937. The first and most iconic was the Burma Road, a 717-mile engineering marvel hastily constructed between 1937 and 1938 by over 200,000 Chinese and Burmese laborers under the direction of engineers like Chih-Ping Chen. Stretching from the railhead at Lashio in British Burma (modern Myanmar) through treacherous mountain passes and dense jungles to Kunming in Yunnan province, the road navigated elevations up to 7,000 feet with hundreds of hairpin turns and precarious bridges. By early 1939, it was operational, albeit plagued by monsoonal mudslides, banditry, and mechanical breakdowns of the imported trucks, many Ford and Chevrolet models supplied via British Rangoon. Despite these challenges, it funneled an increasing volume of aid: in 1939 alone, estimates suggest up to 10,000 tons per month of munitions, gasoline, and aircraft parts from Allied sources, including early Lend-Lease precursors from the United States. The road's completion in 1938 had been a direct response to the loss of southern ports, and its vulnerability to aerial interdiction made it a prime target in Japanese planning documents. The second lifeline was the Indochina route, centered on the French-built Yunnan-Vietnam Railway (also known as the Hanoi-Kunming Railway), a 465-mile narrow-gauge line completed in 1910 that linked the port of Haiphong in French Indochina to Kunming via Hanoi and Lao Cai. This colonial artery, supplemented by parallel roads and river transport along the Red River, became China's most efficient supply conduit in 1938-1939, exploiting France's uneasy neutrality. French authorities, under Governor-General Pierre Pasquier and later Georges Catroux, turned a blind eye to transshipments, allowing an average of 15,000 to 20,000 tons monthly in early 1939, far surpassing the Burma Road's initial capacity. Cargoes included Soviet arms rerouted via Vladivostok and American oil, with French complicity driven by anti-Japanese sentiment and profitable tolls. However, Japanese reconnaissance flights from bases in Guangdong noted the vulnerability of bridges and rail yards, leading to initial bombing raids by mid-1939. Diplomatic pressure mounted, with Tokyo issuing protests to Paris, foreshadowing the 1940 closure under Vichy France after the fall of France in Europe. The route's proximity to the South China Sea made it a focal point for Japanese naval strategists, who viewed it as a "leak in the blockade." The third corridor, often overlooked but critical, was the Northwest Highway through Soviet Central Asia and Xinjiang province. This overland network, upgraded between 1937 and 1941 with Soviet assistance, connected the Turkestan-Siberian Railway at Almaty (then Alma-Ata) to Lanzhou in Gansu via Urumqi, utilizing a mix of trucks, camel caravans, and rudimentary roads across the Gobi Desert and Tian Shan mountains. Under the Sino-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact of August 1937 and subsequent aid agreements, Moscow supplied China with over 900 aircraft, 82 tanks, 1,300 artillery pieces, and vast quantities of ammunition and fuel between 1937 and 1941—much of it traversing this route. In 1938-1939, volumes peaked, with Soviet pilots and advisors even establishing air bases in Lanzhou. The highway's construction involved tens of thousands of Chinese laborers, facing harsh winters and logistical hurdles, but it delivered up to 2,000 tons monthly, including entire fighter squadrons like the Polikarpov I-16. Japanese intelligence, aware of this "Red lifeline," planned disruptions but were constrained by the ongoing Nomonhan Incident on the Manchurian-Soviet border in 1939, which diverted resources and highlighted the risks of provoking Moscow. These routes collectively sustained China's resistance, prompting Japan's high command to prioritize their severance. In March 1939, the South China Area Army was established under General Rikichi Andō (later succeeded by Field Marshal Hisaichi Terauchi), headquartered in Guangzhou, with explicit orders to disrupt southern communications. Aerial campaigns intensified, with Mitsubishi G3M "Nell" bombers from Wuhan and Guangzhou targeting Kunming's airfields and the Red River bridges, while diplomatic maneuvers pressured colonial powers: Britain faced demands during the June 1939 Tientsin Crisis to close the Burma Road, and France received ultimatums that culminated in the 1940 occupation of northern Indochina. Yet, direct assaults on Yunnan or Guangxi were deemed too arduous due to rugged terrain and disease risks. Instead, planners eyed peripheral objectives to encircle these arteries. This strategic calculus set the stage for the invasion of Hainan Island, a 13,000-square-mile landmass off Guangdong's southern coast, rich in iron and copper but strategically priceless for its position astride the Indochina route and proximity to Hong Kong. By February 1939, Japanese admirals like Nobutake Kondō of the 5th Fleet advocated seizure to establish air and naval bases, plugging blockade gaps and enabling raids on Haiphong and Kunming, a prelude to broader southern expansion that would echo into the Pacific War. Now after the fall campaign around Canton in autumn 1938, the Japanese 21st Army found itself embedded in a relentless effort to sever the enemy's lifelines. Its primary objective shifted from mere battlefield engagements to tightening the choke points of enemy supply, especially along the Canton–Hankou railway. Recognizing that war materiel continued to flow into the enemy's hands, the Imperial General Headquarters ordered the 21st Army to strike at every other supply route, one by one, until the arteries of logistics were stifled. The 21st Army undertook a series of decisive occupations to disrupt transport and provisioning from multiple directions. To sustain these difficult campaigns, Imperial General Headquarters reinforced the south China command, enabling greater operational depth and endurance. The 21st Army benefited from a series of reinforcements during 1939, which allowed a reorganization of assignments and missions: In late January, the Iida Detachment was reorganized into the Formosa Mixed Brigade and took part in the invasion of Hainan Island. Hainan, just 15 miles across the Qiongzhou Strait from the mainland, represented a critical "loophole": it lay astride the Gulf of Tonkin, enabling smuggling of arms and materiel from Haiphong to Kunming, and offered potential airfields for bombing raids deep into Yunnan. Japanese interest in Hainan dated to the 1920s, driven by the Taiwan Governor-General's Office, which eyed the island's tropical resources (rubber, iron, copper) and naval potential at ports like Sanya (Samah). Prewar surveys by Japanese firms, such as those documented in Ide Kiwata's Minami Shina no Sangyō to Keizai (1939), highlighted mineral wealth and strategic harbors. The fall of Guangzhou in October 1938 provided the perfect launchpad, but direct invasion was delayed until early 1939 amid debates between the IJA (favoring mainland advances) and IJN (prioritizing naval encirclement). The operation would also heavily align with broader "southward advance" (Nanshin-ron) doctrine foreshadowing invasions of French Indochina (1940) and the Pacific War. On the Chinese side, Hainan was lightly defended as part of Guangdong's "peace preservation" under General Yu Hanmou. Two security regiments, six guard battalions, and a self-defense corps, totaling around 7,000–10,000 poorly equipped troops guarded the island, supplemented by roughly 300 Communist guerrillas under Feng Baiju, who operated independently in the interior. The indigenous Li (Hlai) people in the mountainous south, alienated by Nationalist taxes, provided uneven support but later allied with Communists. The Imperial General Headquarters ordered the 21st Army, in cooperation with the Navy, to occupy and hold strategic points on the island near Haikou-Shih. The 21st Army commander assigned the Formosa Mixed Brigade to carry out this mission. Planning began in late 1938 under the IJN's Fifth Fleet, with IJA support from the 21st Army. The objective: secure northern and southern landing sites to bisect the island, establish air/naval bases, and exploit resources. Vice Admiral Nobutake Kondō, commanding the fleet, emphasized surprise and air superiority. The invasion began under the cover of darkness on February 9, 1939, when Kondō's convoy entered Tsinghai Bay on the northern shore of Hainan and anchored at midnight. Japanese troops swiftly disembarked, encountering minimal initial resistance from the surprised Chinese defenders, and secured a beachhead in the northern zone. At 0300 hours on 10 February, the Formosa Mixed Brigade, operating in close cooperation with naval units, executed a surprise landing at the northeastern point of Tengmai Bay in north Hainan. By 04:30, the right flank reached the main road leading to Fengyingshih, while the left flank reached a position two kilometers south of Tienwei. By 07:00, the right flank unit had overcome light enemy resistance near Yehli and occupied Chiungshan. At that moment there were approximately 1,000 elements of the enemy's 5th Infantry Brigade (militia) at Chiungshan; about half of these troops were destroyed, and the remainder fled into the hills south of Tengmai in a state of disarray. Around 08:30 that same day, the left flank unit advanced to the vicinity of Shuchang and seized Hsiuying Heights. By 12:00, it occupied Haikou, the island's northern port city and administrative center, beginning around noon. Army and navy forces coordinated to mop up remaining pockets of resistance in the northern areas, overwhelming the scattered Chinese security units through superior firepower and organization. No large-scale battles are recorded in primary accounts; instead, the engagements were characterized by rapid advances and localized skirmishes, as the Chinese forces, lacking heavy artillery or air support, could not mount a sustained defense. By the end of the day, Japanese control over the north was consolidating, with Haikou falling under their occupation.Also on 10 February, the Brigade pushed forward to seize Cingang. Wenchang would be taken on the 22nd, followed by Chinglan Port on the 23rd. On February 11, the operation expanded southward when land combat units amphibiously assaulted Samah (now Sanya) at the island's southern tip. This landing allowed them to quickly seize key positions, including the port of Yulin (Yulinkang) and the town of Yai-Hsien (Yaxian, now part of Sanya). With these southern footholds secured, Japanese forces fanned out to subjugate the rest of the island, capturing inland areas and infrastructure with little organized opposition. Meanwhile, the landing party of the South China Navy Expeditionary Force, which had joined with the Army to secure Haikou, began landing on the island's southern shore at dawn on 14 February. They operated under the protection of naval and air units. By the same morning, the landing force had advanced to Sa-Riya and, by 12:00 hours, had captured Yulin Port. Chinese casualties were significant in the brief fighting; from January to May 1939, reports indicate the 11th security regiment alone suffered 8 officers and 162 soldiers killed, 3 officers and 16 wounded, and 5 officers and 68 missing, though figures for other units are unclear. Japanese losses were not publicly detailed but appear to have been light. When crisis pressed upon them, Nationalist forces withdrew from coastal Haikou, shepherding the last civilians toward the sheltering embrace of the Wuzhi mountain range that bands the central spine of Hainan. From that high ground they sought to endure the storm, praying that the rugged hills might shield their families from the reach of war. Yet the Li country's mountains did not deliver a sanctuary free of conflict. Later in August of 1943, an uprising erupted among the Li,Wang Guoxing, a figure of local authority and stubborn resolve. His rebellion was swiftly crushed; in reprisal, the Nationalists executed a seizure of vengeance that extended far beyond the moment of defeat, claiming seven thousand members of Wang Guoxing's kin in his village. The episode was grim testimony to the brutal calculus of war, where retaliation and fear indelibly etched the landscape of family histories. Against this backdrop, the Communists under Feng Baiju and the native Li communities forged a vigorous guerrilla war against the occupiers. The struggle was not confined to partisan skirmishes alone; it unfolded as a broader contest of survival and resistance. The Japanese response was relentless and punitive, and it fell upon Li communities in western Hainan with particular ferocity, Sanya and Danzhou bore the brunt of violence, as did the many foreign laborers conscripted into service by the occupying power. The toll of these reprisals was stark: among hundreds of thousands of slave laborers pressed into service, tens of thousands perished. Of the 100,000 laborers drawn from Hong Kong, only about 20,000 survived the war's trials, a haunting reminder of the human cost embedded in the occupation. Strategically, the island of Hainan took on a new if coercive purpose. Portions of the island were designated as a naval administrative district, with the Hainan Guard District Headquarters established at Samah, signaling its role as a forward air base and as an operational flank for broader anti-Chiang Kai-shek efforts. In parallel, the island's rich iron and copper resources were exploited to sustain the war economy of the occupiers. The control of certain areas on Hainan provided a base of operations for incursions into Guangdong and French Indochina, while the airbases that dotted the island enabled long-range air raids that threaded routes from French Indochina and Burma into the heart of China. The island thus assumed a grim dual character: a frontier fortress for the occupiers and a ground for the prolonged suffering of its inhabitants. Hainan then served as a launchpad for later incursions into Guangdong and Indochina. Meanwhile after Wuhan's collapse, the Nationalist government's frontline strength remained formidable, even as attrition gnawed at its edges. By the winter of 1938–1939, the front line had swelled to 261 divisions of infantry and cavalry, complemented by 50 independent brigades. Yet the political and military fissures within the Kuomintang suggested fragility beneath the apparent depth of manpower. The most conspicuous rupture came with Wang Jingwei's defection, the vice president and chairman of the National Political Council, who fled to Hanoi on December 18, 1938, leading a procession of more than ten other KMT officials, including Chen Gongbo, Zhou Fohai, Chu Minqi, and Zeng Zhongming. In the harsh arithmetic of war, defections could not erase the country's common resolve to resist Japanese aggression, and the anti-Japanese national united front still served as a powerful instrument, rallying the Chinese populace to "face the national crisis together." Amid this political drama, Japan's strategy moved into a phase that sought to convert battlefield endurance into political consolidation. As early as January 11, 1938, Tokyo had convened an Imperial Conference and issued a framework for handling the China Incident that would shape the theater for years. The "Outline of Army Operations Guidance" and "Continental Order No. 241" designated the occupied territories as strategic assets to be held with minimal expansion beyond essential needs. The instruction mapped an operational zone that compressed action to a corridor between Anqing, Xinyang, Yuezhou, and Nanchang, while the broader line of occupation east of a line tracing West Sunit, Baotou, and the major river basins would be treated as pacified space. This was a doctrine of attrition, patience, and selective pressure—enough to hold ground, deny resources to the Chinese, and await a more opportune political rupture. Yet even as Japan sought political attrition, the war's tactical center of gravity drifted toward consolidation around Wuhan and the pathways that fed the Yangtze. In October 1938, after reducing Wuhan to a fortressed crescent of contested ground, the Japanese General Headquarters acknowledged the imperative to adapt to a protracted war. The new calculus prioritized political strategy alongside military operations: "We should attach importance to the offensive of political strategy, cultivate and strengthen the new regime, and make the National Government decline, which will be effective." If the National Government trembled under coercive pressure, it risked collapse, and if not immediately, then gradually through a staged series of operations. In practice, this meant reinforcing a centralized center while allowing peripheral fronts to be leveraged against Chongqing's grip on the war's moral economy. In the immediate post-Wuhan period, Japan divided its responsibilities and aimed at a standoff that would enable future offensives. The 11th Army Group, stationed in the Wuhan theater, became the spearhead of field attacks on China's interior, occupying a strategic triangle that included Hunan, Jiangxi, and Guangxi, and protecting the rear of southwest China's line of defense. The central objective was not merely to seize territory, but to deny Chinese forces the capacity to maneuver along the critical rail and river corridors that fed the Nanjing–Jiujiang line and the Zhejiang–Jiangxi Railway. Central to this plan was Wuhan's security and the ability to constrain Jiujiang's access to the Yangtze, preserving a corridor for air power and logistics. The pre-war arrangement in early 1939 was a tableau of layered defenses and multiple war zones, designed to anticipate and blunt Japanese maneuver. By February 1939, the Ninth War Zone under Xue Yue stood in a tense standoff with the Japanese 11th Army along the Jiangxi and Hubei front south of the Yangtze. The Ninth War Zone's order of battle, Luo Zhuoying's 19th Army Group defending the northern Nanchang front, Wang Lingji's 30th Army Group near Wuning, Fan Songfu's 8th and 73rd Armies along Henglu, Tang Enbo's 31st Army Group guarding southern Hubei and northern Hunan, and Lu Han's 1st Army Group in reserve near Changsha and Liuyang, was a carefully calibrated attempt to absorb, delay, and disrupt any Xiushui major Japanese thrust toward Nanchang, a city whose strategic significance stretched beyond its own bounds. In the spring of 1939, Nanchang was the one city in southern China that Tokyo could not leave in Chinese hands. It was not simply another provincial capital; it was the beating heart of whatever remained of China's war effort south of the Yangtze, and the Japanese knew it. High above the Gan River, on the flat plains west of Poyang Lake, lay three of the finest airfields China had ever built: Qingyunpu, Daxiaochang, and Xiangtang. Constructed only a few years earlier with Soviet engineers and American loans, they were long, hard-surfaced, and ringed with hangars and fuel dumps. Here the Chinese Air Force had pulled back after the fall of Wuhan, and here the red-starred fighters and bombers of the Soviet volunteer groups still flew. From Nanchang's runways a determined pilot could reach Japanese-held Wuhan in twenty minutes, Guangzhou in less than an hour, and even strike the docks at Hong Kong if he pushed his range. Every week Japanese reconnaissance planes returned with photographs of fresh craters patched, new aircraft parked wing-to-wing, and Soviet pilots sunning themselves beside their I-16s. As long as those fields remained Chinese, Japan could never claim the sky. The city was more than airfields. It sat exactly where the Zhejiang–Jiangxi Railway met the line running north to Jiujiang and the Yangtze, a knot that tied together three provinces. Barges crowded Poyang Lake's western shore, unloading crates of Soviet ammunition and aviation fuel that had come up the river from the Indochina railway. Warehouses along the tracks bulged with shells and rice. To the Japanese staff officers plotting in Wuhan and Guangzhou, Nanchang looked less like a city and more like a loaded spring: if Chiang Kai-shek ever found the strength for a counteroffensive to retake the middle Yangtze, this would be the place from which it would leap. And so, in the cold March of 1939, the Imperial General Headquarters marked Nanchang in red on every map and gave General Okamura the order he had been waiting for: take it, whatever the cost. Capturing the city would do three things at once. It would blind the Chinese Air Force in the south by seizing or destroying the only bases from which it could still seriously operate. It would tear a hole in the last east–west rail line still feeding Free China. And it would shove the Nationalist armies another two hundred kilometers farther into the interior, buying Japan precious time to digest its earlier conquests and tighten the blockade. Above all, Nanchang was the final piece in a great aerial ring Japan was closing around southern China. Hainan had fallen in February, giving the navy its southern airfields. Wuhan and Guangzhou already belonged to the army. Once Nanchang was taken, Japanese aircraft would sit on a continuous arc of bases from the tropical beaches of the South China Sea to the banks of the Yangtze, and nothing (neither the Burma Road convoys nor the French railway from Hanoi) would move without their permission. Chiang Kai-shek's decision to strike first in the Nanchang region in March 1939 reflected both urgency and a desire to seize initiative before Japanese modernization of the battlefield could fully consolidate. On March 8, Chiang directed Xue Yue to prepare a preemptive attack intended to seize the offensive by March 15, focusing the Ninth War Zone's efforts on preventing a river-crossing assault and pinning Japanese forces in place. The plan called for a sequence of coordinated actions: the 19th Army Group to hold the northern front of Nanchang; the Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi Border Advance Army (the 8th and 73rd Armies) to strike the enemy's left flank from Wuning toward De'an and Ruichang; the 30th and 27th Army Groups to consolidate near Wuning; and the 1st Army Group to push toward Xiushui and Sandu, opening routes for subsequent operations. Yet even as Xue Yue pressed for action, the weather of logistics and training reminded observers that no victory could be taken for granted. By March 9–10, Xue Yue warned Chiang that troops were not adequately trained, supplies were scarce, and preparations were insufficient, requesting a postponement to March 24. Chiang's reply was resolute: the attack must commence no later than the 24th, for the aim was preemption and the desire to tether the enemy's forces before they could consolidate. When the moment of decision arrived, the Chinese army began to tense, and the Japanese, no strangers to rapid shifts in tempo—moved to exploit any hesitation or fog of mobilization. The Ninth War Zone's response crystallized into a defensive posture as the Japanese pressed forward, marking a transition from preemption to standoff as both sides tested the limits of resilience. The Japanese plan for what would become known as Operation Ren, aimed at severing the Zhejiang–Jiangxi Railway, breaking the enemy's line of communication, and isolating Nanchang, reflected a calculated synthesis of air power, armored mobility, and canalized ground offensives. On February 6, 1939, the Central China Expeditionary Army issued a set of precise directives: capture Nanchang to cut the Zhejiang–Jiangxi Railway and disrupt the southern reach of Anhui and Zhejiang provinces; seize Nanchang along the Nanchang–Xunyi axis to split enemy lines and "crush" Chinese resistance south of that zone; secure rear lines immediately after the city's fall; coordinate with naval air support to threaten Chinese logistics and airfields beyond the rear lines. The plan anticipated contingencies by pre-positioning heavy artillery and tanks in formations that could strike with speed and depth, a tactical evolution from previous frontal assaults. Okamura Yasuji, commander of the 11th Army, undertook a comprehensive program of reconnaissance, refining the assault plan with a renewed emphasis on speed and surprise. Aerial reconnaissance underlined the terrain, fortifications, and the disposition of Chinese forces, informing the selection of the Xiushui River crossing and the route of the main axis of attack. Okamura's decision to reorganize artillery and armor into concentrated tank groups, flanked by air support and advanced by long-range maneuver, marked a departure from the earlier method of distributing heavy weapons along the infantry front. Sumita Laishiro commanded the 6th Field Heavy Artillery Brigade, with more than 300 artillery pieces, while Hirokichi Ishii directed a force of 135 tanks and armored vehicles. This blended arms approach promised a breakthrough that would outpace the Chinese defenders and open routes for the main force. By mid-February 1939, Japanese preparations had taken on a high tempo. The 101st and 106th Divisions, along with attached artillery, assembled south of De'an, while tank contingents gathered north of De'an. The 6th Division began moving toward Ruoxi and Wuning, the Inoue Detachment took aim at the waterways of Poyang Lake, and the 16th and 9th Divisions conducted feints on the Han River's left bank. The orchestration of these movements—feints, riverine actions, and armored flanking, was designed to reduce the Chinese capacity to concentrate forces around Nanchang and to force the defenders into a less secure posture along the Nanchang–Jiujiang axis. Japan's southward strategy reframed the war: no longer a sprint to reduce Chinese forces in open fields, but a patient siege of lifelines, railways, and airbases. Hainan's seizure, the control of Nanchang's airfields, and the disruption of the Zhejiang–Jiangxi Railway exemplified a shift from large-scale battles to coercive pressure that sought to cripple Nationalist mobilization and erode Chongqing's capacity to sustain resistance. For China, the spring of 1939 underscored resilience amid mounting attrition. Chiang Kai-shek's insistence on offensive means to seize the initiative demonstrated strategic audacity, even as shortages and uneven training slowed tempo. The Ninth War Zone's defense, bolstered by makeshift airpower from Soviet and Allied lendings, kept open critical corridors and delayed Japan's consolidation. The war's human cost—massive casualties, forced labor, and the Li uprising on Hainan—illuminates the brutality that fueled both sides' resolve. In retrospect, the period around Canton, Wuhan, and Nanchang crystallizes a grim truth: the Sino-Japanese war was less a single crescendo of battles than a protracted contest of endurance, logistics, and political stamina. The early 1940s would widen these fault lines, but the groundwork laid in 1939, competition over supply routes, air control, and strategic rail nodes, would shape the war's pace and, ultimately, its outcome. The conflict's memory lies not only in the clashes' flash but in the stubborn persistence of a nation fighting to outlast a formidable adversary. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. The Japanese invasion of Hainan and proceeding operations to stop logistical leaks into Nationalist China, showcased the complexity and scale of the growing Second Sino-Japanese War. It would not merely be a war of territorial conquest, Japan would have to strangle the colossus using every means necessary.
DiscordPatreon'The ASAP Sword Coast Chronicles' is unofficial Fan Content permitted under the Fan Content Policy. Not approved/endorsed by Wizards. Portions of the materials used are property of Wizards of the Coast. ©Wizards of the Coast LLC.Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/asapweekly-rocket-league-podcast/donationsAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy
DiscordPatreon'The ASAP Sword Coast Chronicles' is unofficial Fan Content permitted under the Fan Content Policy. Not approved/endorsed by Wizards. Portions of the materials used are property of Wizards of the Coast. ©Wizards of the Coast LLC.Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/asapweekly-rocket-league-podcast/donationsAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy
DiscordPatreon'The ASAP Sword Coast Chronicles' is unofficial Fan Content permitted under the Fan Content Policy. Not approved/endorsed by Wizards. Portions of the materials used are property of Wizards of the Coast. ©Wizards of the Coast LLC.Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/asapweekly-rocket-league-podcast/donationsAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy
Our January Live Show! Thank you to our hosts at the Minnesota Ballet and the St. Louis County Depot! DM: Matías Valero (he/they) Players: Beth Brophy (they/she), Bailey Fazzio (she/her), Anders Hultstrom (he/him) Producer: Scott Hebert (he/him) Technomancer: Jon Brophy (he/him) Anders' bardic persona can be found on YouTube at The Common House Bard! --- "Twin Portals" is unofficial Fan Content permitted under the Fan Content Policy. Not approved/endorsed by Wizards. Portions of the materials used are property of Wizards of the Coast. ©Wizards of the Coast LLC. --- Scott Hebert is a fiscal year 2025 recipient of a Creative Individuals grant from the Minnesota State Arts Board. This activity is made possible by the voters of Minnesota through a grant from the Minnesota State Arts Board, thanks to a legislative appropriation by the Minnesota State Legislature; and by a grant from the National Endowment for the Arts. --- The title song, "Avernum," used with permission, and thanks to Leeland Campana of Star Wolf. --- Content Inquiries: twinportalsgame@gmail.com Business Inquiries: scootalongproductions@gmail.com
A last ditch effort is made to sway Jessica from her course. --- Intro & Outtro Music by: Jack Le Breton Website: jacklebreton.com Twitter & Instagram: @Jack_Le_Breton Website: https://www.Withoutanetpod.com Discord link https://discord.gg/TbE5Ajc If you like the show, swing by our Patreon where you can get access to over 15 extra hours of content. https://www.patreon.com/posts/43800673 Email us: Withoutanetpod@gmail.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/WithoutANetPodcast Copyright: Without A Net Podcast 2018-2025 Disclaimer: This Vampire: The Masquerade chronicle is a non-official, fan-created work by the Without A Net Podcast. Portions of the materials used in this Actual Play are the copyrights and trademarks of Paradox Interactive AB and are used with their permission. All rights are reserved. For any further information in those regards you can find them at worldofdarkness.com.
In this week's episode of Dungeons & Dragons pirate adventure, the Bucs uncover truths they were never meant to see, hidden behind locked doors and hurried whispers. Time feels wrong, plans feel rushed, and the Dice suddenly carry far more weight than anyone expected in this DnD descent into urgency. As fragments of a bigger picture fall into place, the choice is no longer whether to act, but how loudly.How much time do they really have left? What happens if the warning comes too late? And who pays the price when the plan finally begins? There's only one way to find out, grab your Dnd Dice, join Tom (Keth), Paul (Milo), Alex (Derek), Chip (Jeff), and Sophie (River), led by James (the Dungeon Master) and Roll Britannia.LIVE Events https://www.rollbritannia.co.uk/live |Patreon http://www.patreon.com/rollbritannia |Feedspot https://podcast.feedspot.com/dnd_podcasts/ |Sound & music by Syrinscape: https://syrinscape.com/attributions/?id=142440 |Roll Britannia is unofficial Fan Content permitted under the Fan Content Policy. Not approved/endorsed by Wizards. Portions of the materials used are property of Wizards of the Coast ©Wizards of the Coast LLC. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
In this week's episode of Dungeons & Dragons pirate adventure, the Bucs uncover truths they were never meant to see, hidden behind locked doors and hurried whispers. Time feels wrong, plans feel rushed, and the Dice suddenly carry far more weight than anyone expected in this DnD descent into urgency. As fragments of a bigger picture fall into place, the choice is no longer whether to act, but how loudly.How much time do they really have left? What happens if the warning comes too late? And who pays the price when the plan finally begins? There's only one way to find out, grab your Dnd Dice, join Tom (Keth), Paul (Milo), Alex (Derek), Chip (Jeff), and Sophie (River), led by James (the Dungeon Master) and Roll Britannia.LIVE Events https://www.rollbritannia.co.uk/live |Patreon http://www.patreon.com/rollbritannia |Feedspot https://podcast.feedspot.com/dnd_podcasts/ |Sound & music by Syrinscape: https://syrinscape.com/attributions/?id=142440 |Roll Britannia is unofficial Fan Content permitted under the Fan Content Policy. Not approved/endorsed by Wizards. Portions of the materials used are property of Wizards of the Coast ©Wizards of the Coast LLC. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
Our adventurers continue their way through the castle and find yet more treasures.Come join us on social media, and leave a 5 star review on PodchaserTwitterInstagramDweezil VanzaphirPodchaserKo-FiThe Dice and Desire podcast is unofficial Fan Content permitted under the Fan Content Policy. Not approved/endorsed by Wizards. Portions of the materials used are property of Wizards of the Coast. ©Wizards of the Coast LLC.
Our heroes engage in a truly upsetting combat with embarrassing aftermath. We talk a lot about hair and hair care, and the party's ship is stopped by the ocean cops. REFERENCE SECTION Join us on Discord: https://discord.gg/j7yjGunFY8 Follow us on Bluesky: Nature Check: @naturecheckgaming Sheryl/DM: @rovingnaturalist Nancy/Kae: @scibugs Cindy/Nautia: @unboundpage Peter/Cedric: @peterlcoffey Channel art by Sheryl/The Roving Naturalist, Andrew/The First Watch, and Cassi/@Cassiroll The Arda Campaign is unofficial Fan Content permitted under the Fan Content Policy. Not approved/endorsed by Wizards. Portions of the materials used are property of Wizards of the Coast. ©Wizards of the Coast LLC.
In this episode Garth and special guest host Jane Halonen interview Robert Sternberg from Cornell University in Ithaca, NY. The conversation dives into Sternberg's influential career, his pioneering theories on intelligence and love, and personal anecdotes that shaped his work. Sternberg explains the evolution of his theories, including the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence, Triangular Theory of Love, and the Augmented Relic Theory of Love, emphasizing the importance of adaptability and personal growth. The discussion highlights the interplay between personal experiences and academic research, offering valuable lessons for both psychology professionals and students. [Note. Portions of the show notes were generated using Descript AI.]
This week, we discuss news that FIFA has partnered with TikTok to allow select media partners to live-stream parts of matches from the FIFA World Cup, with limited details on what exactly that means. We also review the latest viewership numbers for NFL and NBA games across Netflix, Peacock, and Prime Video, while noting that ESPN (Disney), CBS (Paramount), and FOX don't disclose the percentage of NFL regular-season viewership that comes from streaming. Finally, we cover Dish countersuing Walt Disney Co. and ESPN, Comcast spinoff Versant going public on the Nasdaq, and WBD's board once again rejecting Paramount's latest bid.Podcast produced by Security Halt Media
Callie agrees to a date, Frigus has a private word of warning with Ronan, and Yoseph considers his hunger in the final chapter of Sorrow. Portions of the materials are the copyrights and trademarks of Paradox Interactive AB, and are used with permission. All rights reserved. For more information please visit worldofdarkness.com.
CW: mentions of divorce. Their latest rad adventure over, our skate crew turn in for the night. Time to meet the parents! Krystal gets some big gossip. Nia bickers with every sibling. Toby broods about being sooo alooone. Conan reveals his past life.This one shot uses the Slugblaster system by Mikey Hamm and published by Mythworks.Find our special guest Shamini as one of the RPGeeks on Youtube.Music by Chloe Elliott: Not A CrimeA World of Many ColoursArtwork by Eiriol Evans.Sound effects from Zapsplat.Join our Discord server here for free!Support us by becoming a patron on Patreon.Check out the Deck of Many Aces original soundtrack on music streaming services like Spotify.Other projects:Listen to Am and Chloe on RWD. You can find them on Twitter and Instagram @RWD_Pod.Listen to Chloe voice Quinn/ Cynthia in C4DAC3U5.Listen to Chloe voice Eadith in Legend of the Bones.Sign up to Ellie's mailing list here to keep updated on all their creative projects.Asexuality and Aromantic Resources:The Asexual Visibility and Education NetworkThe Aromantic-spectrum Union for Recognition, Education, and AdvocacyDeck of Many Aces is unofficial Fan Content permitted under the Fan Content Policy. Not approved/endorsed by Wizards of the Coast. Portions of the materials used are property of Wizards of the Coast. ©Wizards of the Coast LLC. All the characters in this podcast are fictitious, and any resemblance to actual persons, living or dead, is purely coincidental.Support this show http://supporter.acast.com/deck-of-many-aces. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
In this week's episode of Dungeons & Dragons pirate adventure, the Bucs step into a situation that refuses to stay contained, where tension builds fast and every roll of the Dice carries weight. What starts as a moment of hesitation spirals into full chaos, with wild forces flaring, plans collapsing, and the walls themselves feeling hostile. In true DnD fashion, survival comes down to instinct, timing, and how much noise you're willing to make in a very bad place.How many enemies are too many? What happens when control slips for just a second? And can the Bucs walk away from this without the whole place waking up? There's only one way to find out, grab your Dnd Dice, join Tom (Keth), Paul (Milo), Alex (Derek), Chip (Jeff), and Sophie (River), led by James (the Dungeon Master) and Roll Britannia.LIVE Events https://www.rollbritannia.co.uk/live |Patreon http://www.patreon.com/rollbritannia |Feedspot https://podcast.feedspot.com/dnd_podcasts/ |Sound & music by Syrinscape: https://syrinscape.com/attributions/?id=142440 |Roll Britannia is unofficial Fan Content permitted under the Fan Content Policy. Not approved/endorsed by Wizards. Portions of the materials used are property of Wizards of the Coast ©Wizards of the Coast LLC. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
In this week's episode of Dungeons & Dragons pirate adventure, the Bucs step into a situation that refuses to stay contained, where tension builds fast and every roll of the Dice carries weight. What starts as a moment of hesitation spirals into full chaos, with wild forces flaring, plans collapsing, and the walls themselves feeling hostile. In true DnD fashion, survival comes down to instinct, timing, and how much noise you're willing to make in a very bad place.How many enemies are too many? What happens when control slips for just a second? And can the Bucs walk away from this without the whole place waking up? There's only one way to find out, grab your Dnd Dice, join Tom (Keth), Paul (Milo), Alex (Derek), Chip (Jeff), and Sophie (River), led by James (the Dungeon Master) and Roll Britannia.LIVE Events https://www.rollbritannia.co.uk/live |Patreon http://www.patreon.com/rollbritannia |Feedspot https://podcast.feedspot.com/dnd_podcasts/ |Sound & music by Syrinscape: https://syrinscape.com/attributions/?id=142440 |Roll Britannia is unofficial Fan Content permitted under the Fan Content Policy. Not approved/endorsed by Wizards. Portions of the materials used are property of Wizards of the Coast ©Wizards of the Coast LLC. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
Our heroes continue through to sneak around the castle with their new friend in tow. What will they find?Come join us on social media, and leave a 5 star review on PodchaserTwitterInstagramDweezil VanzaphirPodchaserKo-FiThe Dice and Desire podcast is unofficial Fan Content permitted under the Fan Content Policy. Not approved/endorsed by Wizards. Portions of the materials used are property of Wizards of the Coast. ©Wizards of the Coast LLC.
Peter and Cindy are thoroughly upset by Sheryl's imagination, we get to see Cedric cast "dispel magic" for the first time, and the group regrets acting as good Samaritans when they go to investigate a ship in trouble. REFERENCE SECTION Join us on Discord: https://discord.gg/j7yjGunFY8 Follow us on Bluesky: Nature Check: @naturecheckgaming Sheryl/DM: @rovingnaturalist Nancy/Kae: @scibugs Cindy/Nautia: @unboundpage Peter/Cedric: @peterlcoffey Channel art by Sheryl/The Roving Naturalist, Andrew/The First Watch, and Cassi/@Cassiroll The Arda Campaign is unofficial Fan Content permitted under the Fan Content Policy. Not approved/endorsed by Wizards. Portions of the materials used are property of Wizards of the Coast. ©Wizards of the Coast LLC.
Streamed live on Jan 2, 2026 #reptilian #nephilim #paul #torah #hebrewbible #escatology #torahportion #torahcommunity #torahdiscussion #torahpodcast #paleo #hebrewscriptures #genesis #nephilim #biblestudy #bibleverse #oldtestament #sabbath #sabbathfellowship #sabbathkeeper #reptilian #paul #israel #wolf #genesis 2026 TUC BUDGET (Paleo Hebrew Scriptures): https://www.givesendgo.com/The-Paleo-... Contact: noelhadley@yahoo.com Patreon: / membership PayPal: paypal.me/noeljoshuahadley Venmo: https://account.venmo.com/u/Noel-Hadley TUC Store: https://store.theunexpectedcosmology.... 2026 TUC Catalogue: https://unexpected-cosmology.nyc3.dig... Website: The Unexpected Cosmology Link: https://theunexpectedcosmology.com/ Archives page: https://theunexpectedcosmology.com/ar... TUC Discord Community: / discord TUC 2 YouTube: / @theunexpectedcosmology2 Hebrew Match Dating: https://www.hebrewmatch.com/ Shelves of Shalom Publishing: https://shelvesofshalompublishing.com/ Facebook: / theunexpectedcosmology
Streamed live on Dec 26, 2025 #nephilim #sabbath #torah #torah #hebrewbible #escatology #torahportion #torahcommunity #torahdiscussion #torahpodcast #paleo #hebrewscriptures #genesis #nephilim #biblestudy #bibleverse #oldtestament #sabbath #sabbathfellowship #sabbathkeeper 2026 TUC BUDGET (Paleo Hebrew Scriptures): https://www.givesendgo.com/The-Paleo-... Contact: noelhadley@yahoo.com Patreon: / membership PayPal: paypal.me/noeljoshuahadley Venmo: https://account.venmo.com/u/Noel-Hadley TUC Store: https://store.theunexpectedcosmology.... 2026 TUC Catalogue: https://unexpected-cosmology.nyc3.dig... Website: The Unexpected Cosmology Link: https://theunexpectedcosmology.com/ Archives page: https://theunexpectedcosmology.com/ar... TUC Discord Community: / discord TUC 2 YouTube: / @theunexpectedcosmology2 Hebrew Match Dating: https://www.hebrewmatch.com/ Shelves of Shalom Publishing: https://shelvesofshalompublishing.com/ Facebook: / theunexpectedcosmology
As the drama of Egyptian exile begins to unfold in this week's Torah portion of Shemot, the family of Jacob begins to transition into the nation of Israel. The deepest truth is that this exile was written into Israel destiny long before...it has its roots in Abraham's prophetic experience at the 'Covenant between the Portions,' recorded in Genesis 15. In this week's podcast, Jim Long and Rabbi Chaim Richman reflect on this connection, and explore the understanding of the sages that the Egyptian exile was a crucible for the spiritual development of the nation of Israel. Plus: Jim Long fills us in on the latest developments in historical and archeological research of ancient Egypt. _________Rabbi Chaim Richman Jerusalem Lights | Torah for Everyone Please support the work of Jerusalem Lights, Inc., a USA recognized 501 ( c ) 3 non-profit organization to enable these productions to continue and grow:PayPal: infojerusalemlights@gmail.com or: https://paypal.me/JerusalemLights?loc...In the USA: Jerusalem Lights Inc. Post Office Box 16886Lubbock Texas 79490In Israel: Tel. 972 54 7000395 Mail: PO Box 23808, Jerusalem IsraelWebsite: www.rabbirichman.comSubscribe to our YouTube channel: / jerusalemlightsrabbichaimrichman Follow us on Facebook: / rabbichaimrichman / 282440396475839
Dark Knight! Superman vs. Spider Man! 2026 rolls in with multiple anniversary celebrations for Marvel, DC & Image! Audio note: Portions of this episode contain uneven or distorted audio levels.
Monday, 5 January 2026 And she said, “Yes, Lord, yet even the little dogs eat the crumbs which fall from their masters' table.” Matthew 15:27 “And she said, ‘Yes, Lord. And even the puppies – he eats from the crumbs, the ‘falling from their master's table'.'” (CG). In the previous verse, Jesus responded to the Canaanite woman, telling her it wasn't good to take the children's bread and cast it to the puppies. Now, her incredible response to His words is given. Matthew records, “And she said, ‘Yes, Lord.'” This Canaanite woman doesn't argue Jesus' premise, nor does she go off on some woke tangent, crying that His words are xenophobic, racist, or anti-Canaanitish. She fully accepts His statement, knowing it is right and logical. However, she has words for Jesus that not only acknowledge this, but which highlight them in the most profound way, saying, “And even the puppies – he eats from the crumbs, the ‘falling from their master's table.'” A new word, psichion, crumbs, is introduced. It will only be seen here and in the parallel account in Mark. It is also found in Luke 16:21 in some texts. Of this word, the Topical Lexicon says – “First-century Mediterranean households commonly used small flat loaves both as food and as utensils for dipping and scooping. Portions too small or too soiled for human consumption were discarded from hand to mouth or allowed to fall to the floor, where house dogs—kept not as pampered pets but as low-status scavengers—would consume them. In that light, ‘crumbs' suggests the tiniest, seemingly insignificant portion of sustenance. The woman's statement accepts her social standing without protest while affirming the superabundance of the Master's provision: even leftovers from Israel's table are sufficient to meet her need.” This woman understood the power of Jesus, obviously having paid heed to what was said by others who had encountered Him. She understood that she had no standing in Israel but that the God of Israel was abundant in mercy and was capable of extending Himself beyond the Israelite nation. Using the metaphor of the dog receiving table crumbs, she acknowledges Jesus' words concerning her being a dog. Without finding any fault in His statement, she humbly accepts her status but wisely notes that even in Israel, where dogs are unclean animals according to dietary laws, it did not make them inherently unclean within the society or the household. Instead, they were a recognized and acceptable part of the family and received their sustenance, including that which was reserved for the family under ceremonial laws of cleanliness, when it was surplus to the needs of the family. This woman had in no way “out-mastered the Master.” Rather, she had brilliantly relieved the tension that He faced in the matter of being sent to the lost sheep of the House of Israel, which was contrasted to His innate desire to help this distressed Gentile woman. Jesus' response to her logic will be seen in the next verse. Life application: No person who has heard the gospel message of Jesus and believed that it is true should ever feel that he is unacceptable to be saved. It doesn't matter if a woman was a prostitute or a lesbian, it doesn't matter if a man was a womanizer or a drunk, it doesn't even matter if someone was a cannibal. God's mercy in Christ is without any such limit. People from each of these categories, and an innumerable list of others, have heard, been saved, and gone on to do great things for Jesus. To assume that your earthly status, culture, skin color, or past is a limiting factor in your being accepted by God is to place that supposed issue above God, who created all things. All such things are incidental to your state as a human. It is your humanity that allows these things to be overlooked because Jesus shared in human existence. Don't fret that you are unworthy to be saved. Every other person ever saved has been unworthy of being saved. Rejoice that in our state of unworthiness, God sent His Son to reconcile us to Himself. Rejoice in this and praise His name! “Praise the Lord, all you Gentiles! Laud Him, all you peoples! 2 For His merciful kindness is great toward us, And the truth of the Lord endures forever. Praise the Lord!” Psalm 117 Lord God, we stand in awe of You. You have created all things and given life to all beings. We are the ones who strayed and offended, and yet You, in Your infinite grace and mercy, have brought us back to Yourself through Jesus Christ our Lord. Thank You for Jesus! Amen.
In pursuit of Sorrow, Frigus feels like a badass, Yoseph gets stabbed by lots of sharp things, Ronan plays an instrument badly, and Callie gets angry at men. Portions of the materials are the copyrights and trademarks of Paradox Interactive AB, and are used with permission. All rights reserved. For more information please visit worldofdarkness.com.
The trouble with plots is that they multiply, and the problem with multiplication is that it can cause division. --- Intro & Outtro Music by: Jack Le Breton Website: jacklebreton.com Twitter & Instagram: @Jack_Le_Breton Website: https://www.Withoutanetpod.com Discord link https://discord.gg/TbE5Ajc If you like the show, swing by our Patreon where you can get access to over 15 extra hours of content. https://www.patreon.com/posts/43800673 Email us: Withoutanetpod@gmail.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/WithoutANetPodcast Copyright: Without A Net Podcast 2018-2025 Disclaimer: This Vampire: The Masquerade chronicle is a non-official, fan-created work by the Without A Net Podcast. Portions of the materials used in this Actual Play are the copyrights and trademarks of Paradox Interactive AB and are used with their permission. All rights are reserved. For any further information in those regards you can find them at worldofdarkness.com.
In this week's episode of Dungeons & Dragons pirate adventure, the Bucs stumble through a place that refuses to stay still, where corridors loop, cupboards trap more than they should, and time feels badly bent. Lost gear resurfaces in the worst possible places, familiar faces flicker in and out of view, and the wider world feels unsettlingly changed. As Dice roll and nerves fray, the sense that they're being watched only grows stronger in this strange corner of the DnD tale.How much time has really slipped through their fingers? Who controls this shifting maze? And what happens when the wrong door finally opens? There's only one way to find out, grab your Dnd Dice, join Tom (Keth), Paul (Milo), Alex (Derek), Chip (Jeff), and Sophie (River), led by James (the Dungeon Master) and Roll Britannia.LIVE Events https://www.rollbritannia.co.uk/live |Patreon http://www.patreon.com/rollbritannia |Feedspot https://podcast.feedspot.com/dnd_podcasts/ |Sound & music by Syrinscape: https://syrinscape.com/attributions/?id=142440 |Roll Britannia is unofficial Fan Content permitted under the Fan Content Policy. Not approved/endorsed by Wizards. Portions of the materials used are property of Wizards of the Coast ©Wizards of the Coast LLC. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
In this week's episode of Dungeons & Dragons pirate adventure, the Bucs stumble through a place that refuses to stay still, where corridors loop, cupboards trap more than they should, and time feels badly bent. Lost gear resurfaces in the worst possible places, familiar faces flicker in and out of view, and the wider world feels unsettlingly changed. As Dice roll and nerves fray, the sense that they're being watched only grows stronger in this strange corner of the DnD tale.How much time has really slipped through their fingers? Who controls this shifting maze? And what happens when the wrong door finally opens? There's only one way to find out, grab your Dnd Dice, join Tom (Keth), Paul (Milo), Alex (Derek), Chip (Jeff), and Sophie (River), led by James (the Dungeon Master) and Roll Britannia.LIVE Events https://www.rollbritannia.co.uk/live |Patreon http://www.patreon.com/rollbritannia |Feedspot https://podcast.feedspot.com/dnd_podcasts/ |Sound & music by Syrinscape: https://syrinscape.com/attributions/?id=142440 |Roll Britannia is unofficial Fan Content permitted under the Fan Content Policy. Not approved/endorsed by Wizards. Portions of the materials used are property of Wizards of the Coast ©Wizards of the Coast LLC. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
DiscordPatreon'The ASAP Sword Coast Chronicles' is unofficial Fan Content permitted under the Fan Content Policy. Not approved/endorsed by Wizards. Portions of the materials used are property of Wizards of the Coast. ©Wizards of the Coast LLC.Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/asapweekly-rocket-league-podcast/donationsAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy
Our party address the dragon in the room and discuss how to adequately prepare for their daring escape.Come join us on social media, and leave a 5 star review on PodchaserTwitterInstagramDweezil VanzaphirPodchaserKo-FiThe Dice and Desire podcast is unofficial Fan Content permitted under the Fan Content Policy. Not approved/endorsed by Wizards. Portions of the materials used are property of Wizards of the Coast. ©Wizards of the Coast LLC.
The party finds a creative solution to completing the temple ceremony, then has to deal with a storm at sea and its aftermath. They name no less than 3 "pets" and discover something truly horrifying in the flotsam. REFERENCE SECTION Join us on Discord: https://discord.gg/j7yjGunFY8 Follow us on Bluesky: Nature Check: @naturecheckgaming Sheryl/DM: @rovingnaturalist Nancy/Kae: @scibugs Cindy/Nautia: @unboundpage Peter/Cedric: @peterlcoffey Channel art by Sheryl/The Roving Naturalist, Andrew/The First Watch, and Cassi/@Cassiroll The Arda Campaign is unofficial Fan Content permitted under the Fan Content Policy. Not approved/endorsed by Wizards. Portions of the materials used are property of Wizards of the Coast. ©Wizards of the Coast LLC.
In this episode Eric interviews Steve Davis (emeritus, Emporia State University and Morningside College) with special guest hosts Loretta McGregor and Jane Halonen. Steve shares updates on his current endeavors, including his involvement with Alice Lloyd College, a school supporting students from one of the most impoverished areas in the U.S. The conversation delves into Steve's journey from a triple major student to a revered psychologist and mentor, his experiences with prominent colleagues, and his profound impact on both students and peers. Anecdotes about collaborations, personal stories, and the importance of nurturing student-led research punctuate this moving dialogue, highlighting the essence of mentorship and the lifelong relationships formed within the academic community. [Note. Portions of the show notes were generated with Descript AI.]
As the ocean floods the sky, Sorrow awaits beneath the ever-shrinking depths. What light can one possibly carry to help traverse the darkness of grief? Portions of the materials are the copyrights and trademarks of Paradox Interactive AB, and are used with permission. All rights reserved. For more information please visit worldofdarkness.com.
In this BONUS Episode, British Dungeons & Dragons Podcast Roll Britannia take to the stage at MCM Comic Con Birmingham! This time our heroes have some very important last minute shopping to do to find the perfect Lastlight gift for Captain Timbers... The trouble is that everyone else seems to have had the same idea! In this Lastlight special performed on the Live Stage at MCM Comic Con Birmingham, will the crew find the gift before everyone else? Why are the crew wearing those hats? and will Jeff at last survive a LIVE show? There's only one way to find out, grab your Dnd Dice, join Tom (Keth), Paul (Milo), Alex (Derek), Chip (Jeff), and Sophie (River), led by James (the Dungeon Master) and Roll Britannia.LIVE Events https://www.rollbritannia.co.uk/live |Patreon http://www.patreon.com/rollbritannia |Feedspot https://podcast.feedspot.com/dnd_podcasts/ |Sound & music by Syrinscape: https://syrinscape.com/attributions/?id=142440 |Roll Britannia is unofficial Fan Content permitted under the Fan Content Policy. Not approved/endorsed by Wizards. Portions of the materials used are property of Wizards of the Coast ©Wizards of the Coast LLC. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
Join the Antimatter Annihilators on their mission to do sick tricks across the multiverse and become as cool as humanly possible! Our crew will face psychic crocodiles, industry sponsors and parental curfews in this action-packed slugblasting adventure. Check it! Krystal gets noticed. Nia takes a nap. Toby tricks it up. Conan has a panic attack.This one shot uses the Slugblaster system by Mikey Hamm and published by Mythworks.Find our special guest Shamini as one of the RPGeeks on Youtube.Music by Chloe Elliott: Not A CrimeAlive and/or DeadA World of Many ColoursArtwork by Eiriol Evans.Sound effects from Zapsplat.Join our Discord server here for free!Support us by becoming a patron on Patreon.Check out the Deck of Many Aces original soundtrack on music streaming services like Spotify.Other projects:Listen to Am and Chloe on RWD. You can find them on Twitter and Instagram @RWD_Pod.Listen to Chloe voice Quinn/ Cynthia in C4DAC3U5.Listen to Chloe voice Eadith in Legend of the Bones.Sign up to Ellie's mailing list here to keep updated on all their creative projects.Asexuality and Aromantic Resources:The Asexual Visibility and Education NetworkThe Aromantic-spectrum Union for Recognition, Education, and AdvocacyDeck of Many Aces is unofficial Fan Content permitted under the Fan Content Policy. Not approved/endorsed by Wizards of the Coast. Portions of the materials used are property of Wizards of the Coast. ©Wizards of the Coast LLC. All the characters in this podcast are fictitious, and any resemblance to actual persons, living or dead, is purely coincidental.Support this show http://supporter.acast.com/deck-of-many-aces. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
In this special Lastlight epsiode of Dungeons & Dragons pirate adventure, the party stumble into a place already on edge, where whispers travel faster than sense and every glance feels like a judgement. Small choices spiral, strange rules surface, and something ancient watches from just out of sight, waiting to see how the Dice fall. What begins lightly does not stay that way for long, and the line between play and peril quietly dissolves.Who is really in control here? What happens when the rules suddenly change? And how much darkness can Lastlight hold before it pushes back?There's only one way to find out, grab your Dnd Dice, join Tom (Keth), Paul (Milo), Chip (Jeff), Sophie (River), and James (the Dungeon Master), led this time by Alex (Derek) and Roll Britannia.LIVE Events https://www.rollbritannia.co.uk/live |Patreon http://www.patreon.com/rollbritannia |Feedspot https://podcast.feedspot.com/dnd_podcasts/ |Sound & music by Syrinscape: https://syrinscape.com/attributions/?id=142440 |Roll Britannia is unofficial Fan Content permitted under the Fan Content Policy. Not approved/endorsed by Wizards. Portions of the materials used are property of Wizards of the Coast ©Wizards of the Coast LLC. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
Matías spent some time with fellow local DMs Bailey and Anders to talk about an art they hope many of their fellow gamers will one day try! Host: Matías Valero (he/they) Guests: Bailey Fazzio (she/her), Anders Hultstrom (he/him) Producer: Scott Hebert (he/him) Anders' bardic persona can be found on YouTube at The Common House Bard! --- LIVE SHOW DETAILS, at a NEW VENUE: Our next live show will be on Saturday, January 10th, 2026, 7:00pm, and it will be located at Studio Four, part of the St. Louis County Depot. The entrance is easy to find at the corner of 5th Avenue West and Michigan Street, and it's nestled between two public parking lots for easy access, and it is once again completely free! --- "Twin Portals" is unofficial Fan Content permitted under the Fan Content Policy. Not approved/endorsed by Wizards. Portions of the materials used are property of Wizards of the Coast. ©Wizards of the Coast LLC. --- Scott Hebert is a fiscal year 2025 recipient of a Creative Individuals grant from the Minnesota State Arts Board. This activity is made possible by the voters of Minnesota through a grant from the Minnesota State Arts Board, thanks to a legislative appropriation by the Minnesota State Legislature; and by a grant from the National Endowment for the Arts. --- The title song, "Avernum," used with permission, and thanks to Leeland Campana of Star Wolf. --- Content Inquiries: twinportalsgame@gmail.com Business Inquiries: scootalongproductions@gmail.com
In this special Lastlight epsiode of Dungeons & Dragons pirate adventure, the party stumble into a place already on edge, where whispers travel faster than sense and every glance feels like a judgement. Small choices spiral, strange rules surface, and something ancient watches from just out of sight, waiting to see how the Dice fall. What begins lightly does not stay that way for long, and the line between play and peril quietly dissolves.Who is really in control here? What happens when the rules suddenly change? And how much darkness can Lastlight hold before it pushes back? There's only one way to find out, grab your Dnd Dice, join Tom (Keth), Paul (Milo), Chip (Jeff), Sophie (River), and James (the Dungeon Master), led this time by Alex (Derek) and Roll Britannia.LIVE Events https://www.rollbritannia.co.uk/live |Patreon http://www.patreon.com/rollbritannia |Feedspot https://podcast.feedspot.com/dnd_podcasts/ |Sound & music by Syrinscape: https://syrinscape.com/attributions/?id=142440 |Roll Britannia is unofficial Fan Content permitted under the Fan Content Policy. Not approved/endorsed by Wizards. Portions of the materials used are property of Wizards of the Coast ©Wizards of the Coast LLC. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
Our adventurers make their way through the castle in search of a dragon. What will they find?Come join us on social media, and leave a 5 star review on PodchaserTwitterInstagramDweezil VanzaphirPodchaserKo-FiThe Dice and Desire podcast is unofficial Fan Content permitted under the Fan Content Policy. Not approved/endorsed by Wizards. Portions of the materials used are property of Wizards of the Coast. ©Wizards of the Coast LLC.
In this special Lastlight epsiode of Dungeons & Dragons pirate adventure, the party stumble into a place already on edge, where whispers travel faster than sense and every glance feels like a judgement. Small choices spiral, strange rules surface, and something ancient watches from just out of sight, waiting to see how the Dice fall. What begins lightly does not stay that way for long, and the line between play and peril quietly dissolves.Who is really in control here? What happens when the rules suddenly change? And how much darkness can Lastlight hold before it pushes back?There's only one way to find out, grab your Dnd Dice, join Tom (Keth), Paul (Milo), Chip (Jeff), Sophie (River), and James (the Dungeon Master), led this time by Alex (Derek) and Roll Britannia.LIVE Events https://www.rollbritannia.co.uk/live |Patreon http://www.patreon.com/rollbritannia |Feedspot https://podcast.feedspot.com/dnd_podcasts/ |Sound & music by Syrinscape: https://syrinscape.com/attributions/?id=142440 |Roll Britannia is unofficial Fan Content permitted under the Fan Content Policy. Not approved/endorsed by Wizards. Portions of the materials used are property of Wizards of the Coast ©Wizards of the Coast LLC. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
The party has lost some spirit in the aftermath of Violence. Ronan tries to connect with other party members, Callie wakes up from a nap, and Yoseph makes a horrifying realization. Portions of the materials are the copyrights and trademarks of Paradox Interactive AB, and are used with permission. All rights reserved. For more information please visit worldofdarkness.com. Sounds used in this episode: Night-time Ambience by Arsen2005 -- https://freesound.org/s/769388/ -- License: Attribution 4.0 Scary Ghost Wolf Howling.wav by BrainClaim -- https://freesound.org/s/267179/ -- License: Creative Commons 0
For perhaps the first time in his unlife, Art comes clean with what he's been doing, and what needs to be done next. --- Intro & Outtro Music by: Jack Le Breton Website: jacklebreton.com Twitter & Instagram: @Jack_Le_Breton Website: https://www.Withoutanetpod.com Discord link https://discord.gg/TbE5Ajc If you like the show, swing by our Patreon where you can get access to over 15 extra hours of content. https://www.patreon.com/posts/43800673 Email us: Withoutanetpod@gmail.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/WithoutANetPodcast Copyright: Without A Net Podcast 2018-2025 Disclaimer: This Vampire: The Masquerade chronicle is a non-official, fan-created work by the Without A Net Podcast. Portions of the materials used in this Actual Play are the copyrights and trademarks of Paradox Interactive AB and are used with their permission. All rights are reserved. For any further information in those regards you can find them at worldofdarkness.com.
Streamed live on Dec 5, 2025 #nephilim #sabbath #genesis #torah #hebrewbible #escatology #torahportion #torahcommunity #torahdiscussion #torahpodcast #paleo #hebrewscriptures #genesis #nephilim #biblestudy #bibleverse #oldtestament #sabbath #sabbathfellowship #sabbathkeeper #chakras WIDOWS FUND: Pamela and Rebecca: https://www.gofundme.com/f/help-rebec... Contact: noelhadley@yahoo.com Support TUC Ministry 2025: https://www.gofundme.com/f/support-tu... Patreon: / membership PayPal: paypal.me/noeljoshuahadley Venmo: https://account.venmo.com/u/Noel-Hadley TUC Store: https://store.theunexpectedcosmology.... 2025 TUC Catalogue: https://unexpected-cosmology.nyc3.dig... Website: The Unexpected Cosmology Link: https://theunexpectedcosmology.com/ Archives page: https://theunexpectedcosmology.com/ar... TUC Discord Community: / discord TUC 2 YouTube: / @theunexpectedcosmology2 Hebrew Match Dating: https://www.hebrewmatch.com/ Shelves of Shalom Publishing: https://shelvesofshalompublishing.com/ Facebook: / theunexpectedcosmology
Streamed live on Oct 17, 2025 #nephilim #sabbath #genesis #torah #hebrewbible #escatology #torahportion #torahcommunity #torahdiscussion #torahpodcast #paleo #hebrewscriptures #genesis #nephilim #biblestudy #bibleverse #oldtestament #sabbath #sabbathfellowship #sabbathkeeper Contact: noelhadley@yahoo.com Support TUC Ministry 2025: https://www.gofundme.com/f/support-tu... Patreon: / membership PayPal: paypal.me/noeljoshuahadley Venmo: https://account.venmo.com/u/Noel-Hadley TUC Store: https://store.theunexpectedcosmology.... 2025 TUC Catalogue: https://unexpected-cosmology.nyc3.dig... Website: The Unexpected Cosmology Link: https://theunexpectedcosmology.com/ Archives page: https://theunexpectedcosmology.com/ar... TUC Discord Community: / discord TUC 2 YouTube: / @theunexpectedcosmology2 Hebrew Match Dating: https://www.hebrewmatch.com/ Shelves of Shalom Publishing: https://shelvesofshalompublishing.com/ Facebook: / theunexpectedcosmology
Streamed live on Oct 24, 2025 #nephilim #sabbath #genesis #torah #hebrewbible #escatology #torahportion #torahcommunity #torahdiscussion #torahpodcast #paleo #hebrewscriptures #genesis #nephilim #biblestudy #bibleverse #oldtestament #sabbath #sabbathfellowship #sabbathkeeper Contact: noelhadley@yahoo.com Support TUC Ministry 2025: https://www.gofundme.com/f/support-tu... Patreon: / membership PayPal: paypal.me/noeljoshuahadley Venmo: https://account.venmo.com/u/Noel-Hadley TUC Store: https://store.theunexpectedcosmology.... 2025 TUC Catalogue: https://unexpected-cosmology.nyc3.dig... Website: The Unexpected Cosmology Link: https://theunexpectedcosmology.com/ Archives page: https://theunexpectedcosmology.com/ar... TUC Discord Community: / discord TUC 2 YouTube: / @theunexpectedcosmology2 Hebrew Match Dating: https://www.hebrewmatch.com/ Shelves of Shalom Publishing: https://shelvesofshalompublishing.com/ Facebook: / theunexpectedcosmology
Streamed live on Nov 14, 2025 #nephilim #sabbath #genesis #torah #hebrewbible #escatology #torahportion #torahcommunity #torahdiscussion #torahpodcast #paleo #hebrewscriptures #genesis #nephilim #biblestudy #bibleverse #oldtestament #sabbath #sabbathfellowship #sabbathkeeper WIDOWS FUND: Pamela and Rebecca: https://www.gofundme.com/f/help-rebec... Contact: noelhadley@yahoo.com Support TUC Ministry 2025: https://www.gofundme.com/f/support-tu... Patreon: / membership PayPal: paypal.me/noeljoshuahadley Venmo: https://account.venmo.com/u/Noel-Hadley TUC Store: https://store.theunexpectedcosmology.... 2025 TUC Catalogue: https://unexpected-cosmology.nyc3.dig... Website: The Unexpected Cosmology Link: https://theunexpectedcosmology.com/ Archives page: https://theunexpectedcosmology.com/ar... TUC Discord Community: / discord TUC 2 YouTube: / @theunexpectedcosmology2 Hebrew Match Dating: https://www.hebrewmatch.com/ Shelves of Shalom Publishing: https://shelvesofshalompublishing.com/ Facebook: / theunexpectedcosmology
In this week's episode of Dungeons & Dragons pirate adventure, the Bucs wake bruised, burned, and missing more than just their gear. A hidden mark is uncovered and painfully erased, only for a far worse truth to surface as Dice roll and time itself refuses to behave. With the world outside changed beyond recognition and DnD plans suddenly out of date, the crew scramble to regroup inside hostile walls.How much time have they really lost? Who has been watching them all along? And can they escape before the fortress notices they're awake? There's only one way to find out, grab your Dnd Dice, join Tom (Keth), Paul (Milo), Alex (Derek), Chip (Jeff), and Sophie (River), led by James (the Dungeon Master) and Roll Britannia.LIVE Events https://www.rollbritannia.co.uk/live |Patreon http://www.patreon.com/rollbritannia |Feedspot https://podcast.feedspot.com/dnd_podcasts/ |Sound & music by Syrinscape: https://syrinscape.com/attributions/?id=142440 |Roll Britannia is unofficial Fan Content permitted under the Fan Content Policy. Not approved/endorsed by Wizards. Portions of the materials used are property of Wizards of the Coast ©Wizards of the Coast LLC. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
In this week's episode of Dungeons & Dragons pirate adventure, the Bucs wake bruised, burned, and missing more than just their gear. A hidden mark is uncovered and painfully erased, only for a far worse truth to surface as Dice roll and time itself refuses to behave. With the world outside changed beyond recognition and DnD plans suddenly out of date, the crew scramble to regroup inside hostile walls.How much time have they really lost? Who has been watching them all along? And can they escape before the fortress notices they're awake? There's only one way to find out, grab your Dnd Dice, join Tom (Keth), Paul (Milo), Alex (Derek), Chip (Jeff), and Sophie (River), led by James (the Dungeon Master) and Roll Britannia.LIVE Events https://www.rollbritannia.co.uk/live |Patreon http://www.patreon.com/rollbritannia |Feedspot https://podcast.feedspot.com/dnd_podcasts/ |Sound & music by Syrinscape: https://syrinscape.com/attributions/?id=142440 |Roll Britannia is unofficial Fan Content permitted under the Fan Content Policy. Not approved/endorsed by Wizards. Portions of the materials used are property of Wizards of the Coast ©Wizards of the Coast LLC. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
All combatants are getting tired as the battle comes to its conclusion. Who will be the victors?Come join us on social media, and leave a 5 star review on PodchaserTwitterInstagramDweezil VanzaphirPodchaserKo-FiThe Dice and Desire podcast is unofficial Fan Content permitted under the Fan Content Policy. Not approved/endorsed by Wizards. Portions of the materials used are property of Wizards of the Coast. ©Wizards of the Coast LLC.
In this episode Eric and special guest host Jane Halonen (University of West Florida) interview Tom McGovern, emeritus faculty from Arizona State University. Tom shares his rich and varied experiences, from teaching at the Osher Lifelong Learning Institute and leading the Geezers Salon to founding a new campus at Arizona State University. He recounts his challenging health journey with Guillain-Barré Syndrome and his relentless dedication to teaching, even while hospitalized. Tom also discusses his involvement in landmark educational conferences, his pedagogical philosophy, and his long-standing contributions to psychology. Jane and Eric highlight Tom's resilience, ethical leadership, and lasting impact on the academic community. [Note. Portions of the show notes were generated by Descript AI.]
Airbus A320 fuselage panel problems, Thunderbird F-16C crash, ATC prime integrator, hand flying, Boeing and Spirit AeroSystems, Southwest Airlines meltdown fine, solar flares and A320 groundings, airline pay-for-delay compensation, and charging air travelers without REAL ID. Aviation News Airbus prepares A320 inspections as fuselage flaw hits deliveries Airbus engineers are inspecting 628 A320 family exterior fuselage panels for thickness defects. The skin panels have thickness deviations beyond Airbus's design tolerances. The panels were manufactured by a Spanish supplier Sofitec Aero and do not represent a flight‑safety risk at this time. Panels on the upper forward fuselage are the main concern, with deviations having also been found in some rear‑fuselage sections. The affected panels are not serialized, so Airbus must inspect the entire batch of potentially impacted airframes rather than trace specific parts. A320 Family final assembly line in Toulouse. Courtesy Airbus. Sofitec Aero is an aerostructures company that designs, manufactures, and assembles metallic and composite aircraft structures for major OEMs, including Airbus, Boeing, Embraer, Bombardier, and several Tier‑1 suppliers such as Spirit AeroSystems and Stelia. It is a privately held firm, founded in 1999. Thunderbirds F-16C Fighting Falcon Crashes in California The 57th Wing Public Affairs Office issued a statement saying, “On December 3, 2025, at approximately 10:45 a.m., a Thunderbird pilot safely ejected from a F-16C Fighting Falcon aircraft during a training mission over controlled airspace in California. The pilot is in stable condition and receiving follow-on care.” The F‑16C went down during a routine training mission in controlled airspace over the Mojave Desert. The crash site is located in a remote desert area near the town of Trona, approximately two miles south of Trona Airport and about 27 miles from Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake. Hydrazine: A Significant Hazard Each Time An F-16 Crashes (Or Fires Up The Emergency Power Unit) F‑16s use hydrazine in their emergency power units, so environmental and hazmat teams from Edwards Air Force Base were deployed to the site to evaluate and mitigate any hazardous materials concerns. The F-16's Emergency Power Unit (EPU) is a backup power system that utilizes H-70 (approximately 70% hydrazine and 30% water) to drive a small turbine, supplying emergency hydraulic and electrical power in the event of main engine or generator failure. Hydrazine is used because it is a monopropellant that can rapidly generate mechanical power without external oxygen, but it is also highly toxic, corrosive, and flammable, so its use is tightly controlled and largely limited to legacy or niche applications. US government selects contractor Peraton to lead air traffic control modernisation In Episode 865, we reported that two bids had been received to become the prime integrator for the FAA's project to overhaul the air traffic control system, called the Brand New Air Traffic Control System (BNATCS). They were Peraton and Parsons Corporation. Congress had approved $12.5 billion for the project, and the Agency has indicated that an additional $19 billion might be requested. The US Department of Transportation (DOT) selected Peraton as the prime integrator. The national security company is owned by Veritas Capital and headquartered in Reston, Virginia. Flight Global says Peraton is a “provider of technologies for large, complex organisations, offering services including cyber security, systems engineering and modernisation, cloud computing and data management.” According to Veritas, the company specializes in buying and growing companies that sell technology and services to U.S. government agencies in defense, intelligence, civil, and health markets. Examples include acquisitions or control of federal IT and mission‑support businesses such as Northrop Grumman's federal IT arm (combined into Peraton) and health IT and analytics providers serving Medicaid and Defense Health Agency programs. See also, What to know about the air traffic control overhaul and the company FAA hired to manage it. Union Urges ‘Back-to-Basics' Approach to Pilot Skills Captain Wendy Morse is a Boeing 787 captain and serves as first vice president and national safety coordinator at the Air Line Pilots Association (ALPA). In a recent interview at the Skift Aviation Forum in Fort Worth, she said the union is advocating for pilots to “go back to our roots” and maintain strong manual-flying proficiency throughout their careers. Morse said, “So the biggest thing is [getting] back to basics…We have to maintain a basic level of flying, a basic level of flying skills, and we have to continue to maintain those basics. This business about positive rate, gear up, [and] put on the autopilot is not a good idea. We have to keep flying the airplane so that we're good at it.” Boeing closes Spirit AeroSystems purchase in major supply chain realignment Boeing has completed its takeover of Spirit AeroSystems. Under the $4.7 billion deal, Boeing re-acquires most of Spirit AeroSystems. Airbus picks up parts of Spirit in its supply chain. Operations in Subang, Malaysia, went to Composites Technology Research Malaysia, and the subsidiary Fiber Materials was sold earlier this year to Tex-Tech Industries. Portions of the Belfast, Northern Ireland, operations will continue as an independent subsidiary branded as Short Brothers. Trump administration lets Southwest Airlines off the hook with a multimillion dollar waiver for 2022 holiday travel meltdown In 2023, the Biden administration fined Southwest Airlines $140 million for the 2022 holiday travel meltdown. The US Department of Transportation has now waived the final $11 million installment of that fine. The DOT says Southwest has made worthwhile investments in its operations control center and “the Department is of the view that it is more beneficial for the flying public to give Southwest credit for significantly improving its on-time performance and completion factor.” The 10-day schedule meltdown resulted in 17,000 canceled flights, roughly half of Southwest's holiday season flight schedule. Southwest paid out $600 million in refunds and reimbursements to passengers who were affected. Add in additional labor costs and lost revenue, and the airline reported a $914 million after-tax loss. Aviation News Follow-Up A320 Groundings – There Was No Solar Flare In Visual Approach, Airplane Geeks co-founder Courtney Miller argues that the data does not support the case that the October 30, 2025, uncommanded altitude decrease of a JetBlue A320 was caused by solar radiation. Looking at proton flux data, Courtney says, “We are talking about high-energy protons traveling from the sun to Earth, penetrating the Earth's protective magnetic field, and also penetrating the aircraft's hardware shielding to deliver what's called a Single-Event Upset (SEU). Another term you may have heard for it is a “bit flip”. The proton flux usually arrives associated with a solar flare, but not always. NOAA tracks and reports these events. In the days leading up to the “intense solar radiation” that Airbus referenced as the potential issue in the JetBlue upset, there was no intense solar radiation. The Visual Approach Advisory brings novel, data-driven, and contrarian answers to aviation clients around the world. Our bespoke consulting team is built with a focus on deep industry expertise, contrarian thought leadership, trusted independence, and opinionated results. We compete with the largest consulting firms by focusing on quality results and contrarian ideas. Pay-On-Delay Would Send Airfares Soaring, Says Transport Minister The Australian Federal Transport Minister, Catherine King, told ABC Radio in Sydney that an EU-style “pay-on-delay” compensation scheme would drive up airfares in Australia. The federal government has proposed airline customer protections, and the Minister's comments come after a consultation period ended. EU 261 requires that airlines pay passengers compensation for delays and cancellations within their control. King feels the Australian market is too small to sustain such a measure. “It is costly to administer compensation schemes. Those costs are generally passed on to passengers,” she said. Fliers without a compliant ID will have to pay TSA $45 next year The TSA says that starting in February 1, 2026, air travelers in the U.S. without a REAL ID will be charged a $45 fee. The initially planned $18 fee was raised after officials realized this identification program would cost more than anticipated. The fee applies to travelers 18 and older who are flying domestically without a REAL ID or other accepted form of ID. The non-refundable fee will be required to verify identity through the TSA Confirm.ID system. Confirm.ID replaces TSA's older manual “forgot my ID” procedures. It's a more automated, technology‑assisted process that uses a traveler's biographic and possibly biometric information to verify identity and screen against watchlists. Confirm.ID is meant as a last‑resort option for people who arrive at the checkpoint without a compliant ID, not as a routine substitute for REAL ID or a passport. The fee can be paid online before arriving at the airport. Travelers can also pay online at the airport before entering the security line, but officials said the process may take up to 30 minutes. Mentioned From the FAA: PackSafe – Portable Electronic Devices Containing Batteries Lithium Batteries in Baggage Hosts this Episode Max Flight, Rob Mark, and our Main(e) Man Micah.