Podcasts about fort laramie

This Day in Legal History: Starve or SellOn August 15, 1876, the United States Congress passed a coercive measure aimed at forcing the Sioux Nation to relinquish their sacred lands in the Black Hills of present-day South Dakota. Known informally as the "starve or sell" bill, the legislation declared that no further federal appropriations would be made for the Sioux's food or supplies unless they ceded the Black Hills to the U.S. government. This came just two months after the Lakota and Northern Cheyenne had defeated General George Custer at the Battle of the Little Bighorn, a major blow to U.S. military prestige.The Black Hills had been guaranteed to the Sioux in the 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie, which recognized their sovereignty over the area. But when gold was discovered there in 1874 during Custer's expedition, settlers and miners flooded the region, violating the treaty. Rather than remove the intruders, the federal government shifted blame and sought to pressure the Sioux into surrendering the land.The 1876 bill effectively weaponized hunger by conditioning life-sustaining aid on land cession. This tactic ignored treaty obligations and relied on exploiting the Sioux's vulnerability after a harsh winter and military setbacks. Despite resistance from many tribal leaders, the U.S. government eventually secured signatures under extreme duress. In 1980, the U.S. Supreme Court in United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians ruled that the Black Hills were taken illegally and ordered compensation—money the Sioux have famously refused, insisting instead on the return of the land.Russian state-sponsored hackers infiltrated the U.S. federal court system and secretly accessed sealed records for years by exploiting stolen user credentials and a vulnerability in an outdated server. The breach, which remained undisclosed until recently, involved the deliberate targeting of sealed documents tied to sensitive matters like espionage, fraud, money laundering, and foreign agents. These records, normally protected by court order, often include details about confidential informants and active investigations. Investigators believe the hackers were backed by the Russian government, though they haven't been officially named in public disclosures.The Department of Justice has confirmed that “special measures” are now being taken to protect individuals potentially exposed in the breach. Acting Assistant Attorney General Matt Galeotti said that while technical and procedural safeguards are being implemented broadly, the DOJ is focusing particular attention on cases where sensitive information may have been compromised. He did not provide specifics but acknowledged that the situation demands urgent and tailored responses. Judges across the country were reportedly alerted in mid-July that at least eight federal court districts had been affected.This breach follows an earlier major compromise in 2020, also attributed to Russian actors, involving malicious code distributed through SolarWinds software. In response to both incidents, the judiciary has ramped up its cybersecurity efforts, including implementing multifactor authentication and revising policies on how sealed documents are handled. Some courts now require such documents to be filed only in hard copy. However, officials and experts alike have criticized Congress for underfunding judicial cybersecurity infrastructure, leaving it vulnerable to increasingly sophisticated attacks.The situation raises ongoing concerns about the security of national security cases and the exposure of individuals whose cooperation with law enforcement was meant to remain confidential. Lawmakers have requested classified briefings, and President Trump, who is set to meet with Russian President Vladimir Putin, acknowledged the breach but downplayed its significance.Russian Hackers Lurked in US Courts for Years, Took Sealed FilesUS taking 'special measures' to protect people possibly exposed in court records hack | ReutersA federal trial in California is testing the legal boundaries of the U.S. military's role in domestic affairs, focusing on President Donald Trump's deployment of troops to Los Angeles during protests in June. California Governor Gavin Newsom sued Trump, arguing the deployment of 700 Marines and 4,000 National Guard troops violated the Posse Comitatus Act, an 1878 law that prohibits the military from engaging in civilian law enforcement. Testimony revealed that troops, including armed units and combat vehicles, were involved in activities like detaining individuals and supporting immigration raids—actions critics argue cross into law enforcement.The Justice Department defended Trump's actions, asserting that the Constitution permits the president to deploy troops to protect federal property and personnel. They also claimed California lacks the standing to challenge the deployment in civil court, since Posse Comitatus is a criminal statute that can only be enforced through prosecution. U.S. District Judge Charles Breyer expressed concern about the lack of clear limits on presidential authority in such matters and questioned whether the logic behind the Justice Department's arguments would allow indefinite military involvement in domestic policing.Military officials testified that decisions in the field—such as setting up perimeters or detaining people—were made under broad interpretations of what constitutes protecting federal interests. The case took on added urgency when, on the trial's final day, Trump ordered 800 more National Guard troops to patrol Washington, D.C., citing high crime rates, despite statistical declines. The Justice Department has also invoked the president's immunity for official acts under a 2024 Supreme Court ruling, further complicating California's legal path.Trial shows fragility of limits on US military's domestic role | ReutersThe U.S. legal sector added jobs for the fifth consecutive month in July, nearing its all-time high of 1.2 million positions set in December 2023, according to preliminary Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data. While this signals positive momentum, long-term growth remains modest; employment is only 1.7% higher than its May 2007 peak, showing how the 2008 financial crisis and the pandemic stalled progress. Big law firms, however, have seen major gains: between 1999 and 2021, the top 200 firms nearly doubled their lawyer headcount and saw revenues grow by 172%.Still, the wider legal job market—including paralegals and administrative staff—hasn't kept pace. Technological efficiencies and AI have reduced reliance on support staff, and the lawyer-to-staff ratio has declined steadily. Some general counsels are now using AI tools instead of outside firms for tasks like summarizing cases and compiling data, suggesting further disruption is on the horizon. Meanwhile, superstar lawyers at elite firms now earn upward of $10 million a year, driven by rising billing rates and high-demand corporate work.Broader U.S. job growth lagged in July, with the BLS issuing significant downward revisions for previous months. President Trump responded by firing BLS Commissioner Erika McEntarfer, accusing her without evidence of data manipulation. On the law firm side, Boies Schiller is handling high-profile litigation over Florida's immigration policies, with rates topping $875 an hour for partners. Separately, Eversheds Sutherland reported a 10% jump in global revenue, citing strong performance in its U.S. offices and a new Silicon Valley branch.US legal jobs are rising again, but gains are mixed | ReutersThe U.S. Supreme Court has declined to temporarily block a Mississippi law requiring social media platforms to verify users' ages and obtain parental consent for minors, while a legal challenge from tech industry group NetChoice moves through the courts. NetChoice, whose members include Meta, YouTube, and Snapchat, argues the law violates the First Amendment's free speech protections. Although Justice Brett Kavanaugh acknowledged the law is likely unconstitutional, he stated that NetChoice hadn't met the high standard necessary to halt enforcement at this early stage.The Mississippi law, passed unanimously by the state legislature, requires platforms to make “commercially reasonable” efforts to verify age and secure “express consent” from a parent or guardian before allowing minors to create accounts. The state can impose both civil and criminal penalties for violations. NetChoice initially won limited relief in lower court rulings, with a federal judge pausing enforcement against some of its members, but the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals reversed that pause without explanation.Mississippi officials welcomed the Supreme Court's decision to allow the law to remain in effect for now, calling it a chance for “thoughtful consideration” of the legal issues. Meanwhile, NetChoice sees the order as a procedural setback but remains confident about the eventual outcome, citing Kavanaugh's statement. The case marks the first time the Supreme Court has been asked to weigh in on a state social media age-check law. Similar laws in seven other states have already been blocked by courts. Tech companies, facing increasing scrutiny over their platforms' impact on minors, insist they already provide parental controls and moderation tools.US Supreme Court declines for now to block Mississippi social media age-check law | ReutersThis week's closing theme is by Samuel Coleridge-Taylor.On this day in 1875, Samuel Coleridge-Taylor was born in London to an English mother and a Sierra Leonean father. A composer of striking originality and lyricism, Coleridge-Taylor rose to prominence in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, earning acclaim on both sides of the Atlantic. Often dubbed the “African Mahler” by American press during his tours of the U.S., he became a symbol of Black excellence in classical music at a time when such recognition was rare. He studied at the Royal College of Music under Charles Villiers Stanford, and by his early twenties, had already composed his most famous work, Hiawatha's Wedding Feast, which became a staple of British choral repertoire.Coleridge-Taylor's music blended Romanticism with rhythmic vitality, often inflected with the spirituals and folk influences he encountered during his visits to the United States. He was deeply inspired by African-American musical traditions and maintained a lifelong interest in promoting racial equality through the arts. His catalogue includes choral works, chamber music, orchestral pieces, and songs—each marked by melodic richness and emotional depth.This week, we close with the fifth and final movement of his 5 Fantasiestücke, Op. 5—titled "Dance." Composed when he was just 18, the piece captures the youthful exuberance and technical elegance that would characterize his career. Lively, rhythmically playful, and tinged with charm, “Dance” is a fitting celebration of Coleridge-Taylor's enduring legacy and a reminder of the brilliance he achieved in his all-too-brief life.Without further ado, Samuel Coleridge Taylor's 5 Fantasiestücke, Op. 5 – enjoy! This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.minimumcomp.com/subscribe

Western: Have Gun, Will Travel “Hell Knows No Fury” 10/23/60 CBS, Fort Laramie 2/5/56 CBS.

Westerns on a TuesdayFirst, a look at the events of the dayThen, Tales of the Texas Rangers starring Joel McCrea, originally broadcast August 12, 1950, 75 years ago, The Broken Spur. The story is based on the events of May 22, 1947. The Rangers track down the killer of a ranch family, starting with a clue in the hog feed! Followed by Gunsmoke starring William Conrad, originally broadcast August 12, 1956, 69 years ago, Snakebite.   Gorman and Hicks arrive in Dodge and promptly kill Pony Thompson's dog. Gorman is then found knifed in the back. Then, Fort Laramie starring Raymond Burr, originally broadcast August 12, 1956, 69 years ago, Assembly Line.   Indian Agent Lack is expecting an uprising...and for a very good reason.Followed by Challenge of the Yukon starring Paul Sutton, originally broadcast August 12, 1951, 74 years ago, Ambush in Bellary Flats.  Finally, Lum and Abner, originally broadcast August 12, 1942, 83 years ago, Baby is Heir to Gold.   Squire Skimp's report reveals that the baby is the owner of a gold mine!Thanks to Laurel for supporting our podcast by using the Buy Me a Coffee function at http://classicradio.streamIf you like what we do here, visit our friend Jay at http://radio.macinmind.com for great old time radio shows 24 hours a day

Westerns and Comedy on a TuesdayFirst, a look at the events of the dayThen, Gunsmoke starring William Conrad, originally broadcast July 29, 1956, 69 years ago, The Lost Rifle. A young boy is found at the scene of a murder. It seems obvious that Ben Tipper, who hated the dead man, is the killer. Followed by Fort Laramie starring Raymond Burr, originally broadcast July 29, 1956, 69 years ago, Nature Boy. The Quiring family has come to the fort. The strangest trio ever to arrive on the western plains. Then Tales of the Texas Rangers starring Joel McCrea, originally broadcast July 29, 1950, 75 years ago, The Trigger Man. The story is based on the events of June 5, 1948. A dead man found in a burned-out house, a broken spur, and a fat man with small feet!Followed by George Burns and Gracie Allen, originally broadcast July 29, 1940, 85 years ago, Kiddie Party.  George and Gracie are going to a "kiddie party" at the Cocoanut Grove. Finally, Lum and Abner, originally broadcast July 29, 1942, 83 years ago, Letter by Carrier Pigeon. Cedric has gone into the carrier pigeon business, so Abner sends a letter about the coat of arms to the man who placed the ad in the newspaper.Thanks to Laurel for supporting our podcast by using the Buy Me a Coffee function at http://classicradio.streamIf you like what we do here, visit our friend Jay at http://radio.macinmind.com for great old time radio shows 24 hours a day

Westerns on a TuesdayFirst,  a look at this day in History.Then, Fort Laramie starring Raymond Burr, originally broadcast July 22, 1956, 69 years ago, Spotted Tails Return.  Spotted Tail has suddenly moved off the reservation with his whole tribe. Captain Quince and sixty troopers ride out after him to find out why. Followed by Gunsmoke starring William Conrad, originally broadcast July 22, 1956, 69 years ago, Lynching Man.  Hank Blennis is found lynched, and Charlie Drain is determined to punish the killers. Then, The Roy Rogers Show, originally broadcast July 22, 1954, 71 years ago,  The River of No Return.   Roy and his companions navigate treacherous rapids and face off against outlaws threatening a nearby frontier town and rescue a stranded damsel in distress. Followed by Tales of the Texas Rangers, starring Joel McCrea, originally broadcast on July 22, 1950, 75 years ago, on Apache Peak.  The story is based on the events of October 4, 1949. A hitchhiker murders a New Yorker and steals his car and clothes. Finally. Rosemary, originally broadcast July 22, 1946, 79 years ago.   Rosemary and Brad have arrived at New York City's Penn Station. Bill is trying to find Audrey Roberts and his young daughter. Meanwhile, Bill continues to suffer from amnesia. Thanks to Richard G for supporting our podcast by using the Buy Me a Coffee function at http://classicradio.streamFind the Family Fallout Shelter Booklet Here: https://www.survivorlibrary.com/library/the_family_fallout_shelter_1959.pdfhttps://wardomatic.blogspot.com/2006/11/fallout-shelter-handbook-1962.html

Talented Recruits 

Westerns and Crime on a TuesdayFirst, a look at the events of the dayThen, Gunsmoke starring William Conrad, originally broadcast July 1, 1956, 69 years ago, A Gun for Chester.  Asa Ledbetter is in town, and Chester (Parley Baer, pictured) thinks he's out to kill him! Followed by Fort Laramie starring Raymond Burr, originally broadcast July 1, 1956, 69 years ago, The Trooper's Widow. Mrs. Stocker, the new bride of a trooper, learns the harsh realities of the frontier the hard way. Then, The Roy Rogers Show, originally broadcast July 1, 1954, 71 years ago, Y'all Come. Roy receives a telephone bomb threat and has to protect Dale. Followed by Wanted, originally broadcast July 1, 1950, 75 years ago, FBI #241884.  The Story of Willie, 'The Actor' Sutton.  Finally, The Couple Next Door starring Peg Lynch and Alan Bunce, originally broadcast July 1, 1960, 65 years ago, Weekend Fishing Trip. Thanks to Adele for supporting our podcast by using the Buy Me a Coffee function at http://classicradio.streamIf you like what we do here, visit our friend Jay at http://radio.macinmind.com for great old-time radio shows 24 hours a day

Westerns and Comedy on a TuesdayFirst,  a look at this day in History.Then, The Six Shooter starring Jimmy Stewart, originally broadcast June 24, 1954, 71 years ago, Myra Barker.   The Six-Shooter proposes marriage. The last show of the series.Followed by Fort Laramie starring Raymond Burr, originally broadcast June 24, 1956, 69 years ago, The Loving Cup.  Captain Quince has an unusual way to give Lieutenant Seiberts the confidence he needs to be a good officer. Then, Fibber McGee and Molly, originally broadcast June 24, 1941, 84 years ago, Leaving for Hollywood to Make a Movie. The last show of the season. The closet is heard. Jim and Marian Jordan are off to Hollywood to actually make a movie (to be called "Look Who's Laughing").Followed by My Favorite Husband starring Lucille Ball and Richard Denning, originally broadcast June 24, 1949, 76 years ago. Liz just can't make up her mind about anything.  She finally finishes something…a letter to George telling him she's going home to Mother. Finally. The Couple Next Door starring Peg Lynch and Alan Bunce, originally broadcast June 24, 1960, 65 years ago, Avocados and the Diet.Thanks to Richard G for supporting our podcast by using the Buy Me a Coffee function at http://classicradio.streamFind the Family Fallout Shelter Booklet Here: https://www.survivorlibrary.com/library/the_family_fallout_shelter_1959.pdfhttps://wardomatic.blogspot.com/2006/11/fallout-shelter-handbook-1962.html

Fort Laramie 56-02-12 04 The Woman At Horse Creek

Westerns on a TuesdayFirst a look at the events of the dayThen Gunsmoke starring William Conrad, originally broadcast June 17, 1956, 69 years ago, Cheap Labor.  Fos Capper wears no gun, but doesn't seem to need one. When he proposes to Kerry Stancil, her brother swears to kill him!Followed by Fort Laramie starring Raymond Burr,  originally broadcast June 17, 1956, 69 years ago, The Winter Soldier.  A soldier becomes a "snowbird" and deserts the army in the springtime. Then The Six Shooter starring Jimmy Stewart, originally broadcast June 17, 1954, 71 years ago, When The Shoe Doesn't Fit.  Britt Ponset ("The Six-Shooter") takes Cinderella to the ball...and gets her home by midnight too! Followed by Death Valley Days, originally broadcast June 17, 1938,  87 years ago, The Burro That Had No Name. A pair of prospectors are plagued by a white burro, who makes himself right at home!Finally, The Couple Next Door starring Peg Lynch and Alan Bunce, originally broadcast June 17, 1960, 65 years ago, no Sense of Organization. Thanks to Adele for supporting our podcast by using the Buy Me a Coffee function at http://classicradio.streamIf you like what we do here, visit our friend Jay at http://radio.macinmind.com for great old time radio shows 24 hours a day

Drama on a TuesdayFirst,  a look at this day in History.Then The Hallmark Playhouse, originally broadcast June 10, 1948, 77 years ago, The Devil and Daniel Webster.  The first show of the series. A good New Hampshire lawyer voids a deal with the Devil! Followed by Fort Laramie starring Raymond Burr, originally broadcast June 10, 1956, 69 years ago, The Young Trooper.  A young boy named Jed survives an Indian massacre and joins the army afterward. Then The Six Shooter starring Jimmy Stewart, originally broadcast June 10, 1954, 71 years ago, The New Sheriff.   The Six-Shooter supervises the town election and finds himself elected sheriff...and mayor!Followed by The FBI in Peace and War, originally broadcast June 10, 1953, 72 years ago, The Traveling Man.  A young man double-crosses the stolen car ring he's been working for and heads west with his new bride. Finally. The Couple Next Door starring Peg Lynch and Alan Bunce, originally broadcast June 10, 1960, 65 years ago, The Lost Contact Lens. Thanks to Honeywell for supporting our podcast by using the Buy Me a Coffee function at http://classicradio.streamFind the Family Fallout Shelter Booklet Here: https://www.survivorlibrary.com/library/the_family_fallout_shelter_1959.pdfhttps://wardomatic.blogspot.com/2006/11/fallout-shelter-handbook-1962.html

Fort Laramie 56-02-05 03 Squaw Man

   In a high-energy episode, @intheMatrixxx and @shadygrooove dive into the escalating drama between President Trump and Elon Musk, as their public feud erupted on June 5, 2025, with Trump threatening to cut Musk's government contracts over his criticism of the EV mandate removal and contradictory statements. The show frames Trump's stance as a defense of America-First economic priorities, contrasting Musk's globalist-leaning interests with Trump's leadership, especially after Musk's recent exit from DOGE and his critique of the Big Beautiful Bill, while noting their past collaboration. They then explore the historical impact of railroads on Native American communities, revealing how 19th-century expansion—often through broken treaties like the 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie—devastated tribes like the Sioux, paving the way for America's growth at a steep human cost. The show ties this to Trump's modern infrastructure vision, arguing that his policies, like the Big Beautiful Bill's $46.5 billion for border security, prioritize American sovereignty without repeating past injustices, building on the self-reliant legacy of figures like James J. Hill. With the constitution as your weapon, join the fight to put America first. The truth is learned, never told—tune in at noon-0-five Eastern LIVE to stand with Trump! Keywords Trump, Trump Musk feud, American Indian railroad, America-First infrastructure, China trade deal, Biden autopen scandal, MAGA Golden Age, DOGE codification, Colorado terror attack, Trump tariffs appeal, Middle East tour, law and order, MG Show, @intheMatrixxx, @shadygrooove, fake news, truth, constitution, MG Show Podcast, Jeffrey Pedersen, Shannon Townsend, Independent Journalism, Alternative Media, Political Insights, Constitutional Rights, Live Coverage, Real-Time Analysis, DJT Truth Social, Combating Censorship, Unfiltered Political Insights Filename mgshow-s7e106-elon_musk_vs_president_trump_drama_the_american_indian_and_the_railroad Tune in weekdays at 12pm ET / 9am PST, hosted by @InTheMatrixxx and @Shadygrooove. Catch up on-demand on https://rumble.com/mgshow or via your favorite podcast platform. Where to Watch & Listen Live on https://rumble.com/mgshow https://mgshow.link/redstate X: https://x.com/inthematrixxx Backup: https://kick.com/mgshow PODCASTS: Available on PodBean, Apple, Pandora, and Amazon Music. Search for "MG Show" to listen. Engage with Us Join the conversation on https://t.me/mgshowchannel and participate in live voice chats at https://t.me/MGShow. Social & Support Follow us on X: @intheMatrixxx and @ShadyGrooove Join our listener group on X: https://mgshow.link/xgroup Support the show: Fundraiser: https://givesendgo.com/helpmgshow Donate: https://mg.show/support Merch: https://merch.mg.show MyPillow Special: Use code MGSHOW at https://mypillow.com/mgshow for savings! Crypto donations: Bitcoin: bc1qtl2mftxzv8cxnzenmpav6t72a95yudtkq9dsuf Ethereum: 0xA11f0d2A68193cC57FAF9787F6Db1d3c98cf0b4D ADA: addr1q9z3urhje7jp2g85m3d4avfegrxapdhp726qpcf7czekeuayrlwx4lrzcfxzvupnlqqjjfl0rw08z0fmgzdk7z4zzgnqujqzsf XLM: GAWJ55N3QFYPFA2IC6HBEQ3OTGJGDG6OMY6RHP4ZIDFJLQPEUS5RAMO7 LTC: ltc1qapwe55ljayyav8hgg2f9dx2y0dxy73u0tya0pu All Links Find everything on https://linktr.ee/mgshow

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Westerns and crazy on a TuesdayFirst a look at the events of the dayThen Gunsmoke starring William Conrad, originally broadcast May 20, 1956, 69 years ago, Buffalo Man.  Marshal Dillon and Chester are taken prisoner by Ben Siple, an insane buffalo hunter. The Pawnee Indians prove an unexpected ally. Followed by the news from 69 years ago, then Fort Laramie starring Raymond Burr, originally broadcast May 20, 1956, 69 years ago, Gold.  A group of men head up the Bozeman Trail into Indian territory, searching for gold and breaking the treaty. Then The Six Shooter starring Jimmy Stewart, originally broadcast May 20, 1954, 71 years ago, The Shooting of Wyatt King. Who shot the bank robber named Wyatt King? He was also known as, "The Wyoming Kid." Was it the Six-Shooter? Of course!Followed by Arch Oboler's Plays, originally broadcast May 20, 1939, 86 years ago, Crazy Town. Two (presumably) Italian aviators crash after a bombing mission. They find themselves imprisoned in a "crazy town."  In a community where all men are mad, no one is mad.Finally, The Couple Next Door starring Peg Lynch and Alan Bunch, originally broadcast May 20, 1960, 65 years ago, Unexpected Trip to Chicago. Thanks to Adele for supporting our podcast by using the Buy Me a Coffee function at http://classicradio.streamIf you like what we do here, visit our friend Jay at http://radio.macinmind.com for great old time radio shows 24 hours a day

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A haunting image of an unnamed Native child and a recovered story of the American West In 1868, celebrated Civil War photographer Alexander Gardner traveled to Fort Laramie to document the federal government's treaty negotiations with the Lakota and other tribes of the northern plains. Gardner, known for his iconic portrait of Abraham Lincoln and his visceral pictures of the Confederate dead at Antietam, posed six federal peace commissioners with a young Native girl wrapped in a blanket. The hand-labeled prints carefully name each of the men, but the girl is never identified.  As The Girl in the Middle: A Recovered History of the American West (Princeton University Press, 2025) goes in search of her, it draws readers into the entangled lives of the photographer and his subjects. Martha A. Sandweiss paints a riveting portrait of the turbulent age of Reconstruction and westward expansion. She follows Gardner from his birthplace in Scotland to the American frontier, as his dreams of a utopian future across the Atlantic fall to pieces. She recounts the lives of William S. Harney, a slave-owning Union general who earned the Lakota name “Woman Killer,” and Samuel F. Tappan, an abolitionist who led the investigation into the Sand Creek massacre. And she identifies Sophie Mousseau, the girl in Gardner's photograph, whose life swerved in unexpected directions as American settlers pushed into Indian Country and the federal government confined Native peoples to reservations. Spinning a spellbinding historical tale from a single enigmatic image, The Girl in the Middle reveals how the American nation grappled with what kind of country it would be as it expanded westward in the aftermath of the Civil War. Martha A. Sandweiss is professor emerita of history at Princeton University, where she is founding director of the Princeton & Slavery Project. Caleb Zakarin is editor at the New Books Network. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

A haunting image of an unnamed Native child and a recovered story of the American West In 1868, celebrated Civil War photographer Alexander Gardner traveled to Fort Laramie to document the federal government's treaty negotiations with the Lakota and other tribes of the northern plains. Gardner, known for his iconic portrait of Abraham Lincoln and his visceral pictures of the Confederate dead at Antietam, posed six federal peace commissioners with a young Native girl wrapped in a blanket. The hand-labeled prints carefully name each of the men, but the girl is never identified.  As The Girl in the Middle: A Recovered History of the American West (Princeton University Press, 2025) goes in search of her, it draws readers into the entangled lives of the photographer and his subjects. Martha A. Sandweiss paints a riveting portrait of the turbulent age of Reconstruction and westward expansion. She follows Gardner from his birthplace in Scotland to the American frontier, as his dreams of a utopian future across the Atlantic fall to pieces. She recounts the lives of William S. Harney, a slave-owning Union general who earned the Lakota name “Woman Killer,” and Samuel F. Tappan, an abolitionist who led the investigation into the Sand Creek massacre. And she identifies Sophie Mousseau, the girl in Gardner's photograph, whose life swerved in unexpected directions as American settlers pushed into Indian Country and the federal government confined Native peoples to reservations. Spinning a spellbinding historical tale from a single enigmatic image, The Girl in the Middle reveals how the American nation grappled with what kind of country it would be as it expanded westward in the aftermath of the Civil War. Martha A. Sandweiss is professor emerita of history at Princeton University, where she is founding director of the Princeton & Slavery Project. Caleb Zakarin is editor at the New Books Network. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/native-american-studies

A haunting image of an unnamed Native child and a recovered story of the American West In 1868, celebrated Civil War photographer Alexander Gardner traveled to Fort Laramie to document the federal government's treaty negotiations with the Lakota and other tribes of the northern plains. Gardner, known for his iconic portrait of Abraham Lincoln and his visceral pictures of the Confederate dead at Antietam, posed six federal peace commissioners with a young Native girl wrapped in a blanket. The hand-labeled prints carefully name each of the men, but the girl is never identified.  As The Girl in the Middle: A Recovered History of the American West (Princeton University Press, 2025) goes in search of her, it draws readers into the entangled lives of the photographer and his subjects. Martha A. Sandweiss paints a riveting portrait of the turbulent age of Reconstruction and westward expansion. She follows Gardner from his birthplace in Scotland to the American frontier, as his dreams of a utopian future across the Atlantic fall to pieces. She recounts the lives of William S. Harney, a slave-owning Union general who earned the Lakota name “Woman Killer,” and Samuel F. Tappan, an abolitionist who led the investigation into the Sand Creek massacre. And she identifies Sophie Mousseau, the girl in Gardner's photograph, whose life swerved in unexpected directions as American settlers pushed into Indian Country and the federal government confined Native peoples to reservations. Spinning a spellbinding historical tale from a single enigmatic image, The Girl in the Middle reveals how the American nation grappled with what kind of country it would be as it expanded westward in the aftermath of the Civil War. Martha A. Sandweiss is professor emerita of history at Princeton University, where she is founding director of the Princeton & Slavery Project. Caleb Zakarin is editor at the New Books Network. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/biography

A haunting image of an unnamed Native child and a recovered story of the American West In 1868, celebrated Civil War photographer Alexander Gardner traveled to Fort Laramie to document the federal government's treaty negotiations with the Lakota and other tribes of the northern plains. Gardner, known for his iconic portrait of Abraham Lincoln and his visceral pictures of the Confederate dead at Antietam, posed six federal peace commissioners with a young Native girl wrapped in a blanket. The hand-labeled prints carefully name each of the men, but the girl is never identified.  As The Girl in the Middle: A Recovered History of the American West (Princeton University Press, 2025) goes in search of her, it draws readers into the entangled lives of the photographer and his subjects. Martha A. Sandweiss paints a riveting portrait of the turbulent age of Reconstruction and westward expansion. She follows Gardner from his birthplace in Scotland to the American frontier, as his dreams of a utopian future across the Atlantic fall to pieces. She recounts the lives of William S. Harney, a slave-owning Union general who earned the Lakota name “Woman Killer,” and Samuel F. Tappan, an abolitionist who led the investigation into the Sand Creek massacre. And she identifies Sophie Mousseau, the girl in Gardner's photograph, whose life swerved in unexpected directions as American settlers pushed into Indian Country and the federal government confined Native peoples to reservations. Spinning a spellbinding historical tale from a single enigmatic image, The Girl in the Middle reveals how the American nation grappled with what kind of country it would be as it expanded westward in the aftermath of the Civil War. Martha A. Sandweiss is professor emerita of history at Princeton University, where she is founding director of the Princeton & Slavery Project. Caleb Zakarin is editor at the New Books Network.

A haunting image of an unnamed Native child and a recovered story of the American West In 1868, celebrated Civil War photographer Alexander Gardner traveled to Fort Laramie to document the federal government's treaty negotiations with the Lakota and other tribes of the northern plains. Gardner, known for his iconic portrait of Abraham Lincoln and his visceral pictures of the Confederate dead at Antietam, posed six federal peace commissioners with a young Native girl wrapped in a blanket. The hand-labeled prints carefully name each of the men, but the girl is never identified.  As The Girl in the Middle: A Recovered History of the American West (Princeton University Press, 2025) goes in search of her, it draws readers into the entangled lives of the photographer and his subjects. Martha A. Sandweiss paints a riveting portrait of the turbulent age of Reconstruction and westward expansion. She follows Gardner from his birthplace in Scotland to the American frontier, as his dreams of a utopian future across the Atlantic fall to pieces. She recounts the lives of William S. Harney, a slave-owning Union general who earned the Lakota name “Woman Killer,” and Samuel F. Tappan, an abolitionist who led the investigation into the Sand Creek massacre. And she identifies Sophie Mousseau, the girl in Gardner's photograph, whose life swerved in unexpected directions as American settlers pushed into Indian Country and the federal government confined Native peoples to reservations. Spinning a spellbinding historical tale from a single enigmatic image, The Girl in the Middle reveals how the American nation grappled with what kind of country it would be as it expanded westward in the aftermath of the Civil War. Martha A. Sandweiss is professor emerita of history at Princeton University, where she is founding director of the Princeton & Slavery Project. Caleb Zakarin is editor at the New Books Network. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A haunting image of an unnamed Native child and a recovered story of the American West In 1868, celebrated Civil War photographer Alexander Gardner traveled to Fort Laramie to document the federal government's treaty negotiations with the Lakota and other tribes of the northern plains. Gardner, known for his iconic portrait of Abraham Lincoln and his visceral pictures of the Confederate dead at Antietam, posed six federal peace commissioners with a young Native girl wrapped in a blanket. The hand-labeled prints carefully name each of the men, but the girl is never identified.  As The Girl in the Middle: A Recovered History of the American West (Princeton University Press, 2025) goes in search of her, it draws readers into the entangled lives of the photographer and his subjects. Martha A. Sandweiss paints a riveting portrait of the turbulent age of Reconstruction and westward expansion. She follows Gardner from his birthplace in Scotland to the American frontier, as his dreams of a utopian future across the Atlantic fall to pieces. She recounts the lives of William S. Harney, a slave-owning Union general who earned the Lakota name “Woman Killer,” and Samuel F. Tappan, an abolitionist who led the investigation into the Sand Creek massacre. And she identifies Sophie Mousseau, the girl in Gardner's photograph, whose life swerved in unexpected directions as American settlers pushed into Indian Country and the federal government confined Native peoples to reservations. Spinning a spellbinding historical tale from a single enigmatic image, The Girl in the Middle reveals how the American nation grappled with what kind of country it would be as it expanded westward in the aftermath of the Civil War. Martha A. Sandweiss is professor emerita of history at Princeton University, where she is founding director of the Princeton & Slavery Project. Caleb Zakarin is editor at the New Books Network. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/american-west

A haunting image of an unnamed Native child and a recovered story of the American West In 1868, celebrated Civil War photographer Alexander Gardner traveled to Fort Laramie to document the federal government's treaty negotiations with the Lakota and other tribes of the northern plains. Gardner, known for his iconic portrait of Abraham Lincoln and his visceral pictures of the Confederate dead at Antietam, posed six federal peace commissioners with a young Native girl wrapped in a blanket. The hand-labeled prints carefully name each of the men, but the girl is never identified.  As The Girl in the Middle: A Recovered History of the American West (Princeton University Press, 2025) goes in search of her, it draws readers into the entangled lives of the photographer and his subjects. Martha A. Sandweiss paints a riveting portrait of the turbulent age of Reconstruction and westward expansion. She follows Gardner from his birthplace in Scotland to the American frontier, as his dreams of a utopian future across the Atlantic fall to pieces. She recounts the lives of William S. Harney, a slave-owning Union general who earned the Lakota name “Woman Killer,” and Samuel F. Tappan, an abolitionist who led the investigation into the Sand Creek massacre. And she identifies Sophie Mousseau, the girl in Gardner's photograph, whose life swerved in unexpected directions as American settlers pushed into Indian Country and the federal government confined Native peoples to reservations. Spinning a spellbinding historical tale from a single enigmatic image, The Girl in the Middle reveals how the American nation grappled with what kind of country it would be as it expanded westward in the aftermath of the Civil War. Martha A. Sandweiss is professor emerita of history at Princeton University, where she is founding director of the Princeton & Slavery Project. Caleb Zakarin is editor at the New Books Network. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/photography

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Join me this week as I explore the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868. Learn why the United States and Plains tribes engaged in yet another negotiation aimed at securing peace, how the agreement was eventually violated by the U.S. government, and how it all ties to a still-active Supreme Court case. 

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Between avoiding snakebites and fending off the dreaded dysentery, fans of the popular game “The Oregon Trail” are sure to be familiar with Fort Laramie. Situated roughly a quarter of the way through the historic trek from Independence, Missouri to the Willamette Valley in modern-day Oregon, the Fort began as a fur trading post, served as a critical juncture for emigrants heading west, and eventually became one of the largest military posts on the Northern Plains. Before its abandonment in 1890, Fort Laramie would also bear witness to sweeping expansion and the heated negotiations between American Indians and the United States Government that would ultimately define the American West.   Hosted by Jason Epperson Written by Lizzie Tesch Use code PARKS30 for $30 off of a $500 or more booking at www.rvshare.com.