Podcasts about ascaris

Michelle Labrunda joins TWiP to solve the case of the Georgian in Guinea with fever and dry cough, and describe a new case for you to solve. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Daniel Griffin, and Christina Naula Guest: Michelle Labrunda Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Links for this episode Join the MicrobeTV Discord server Letters read on TWiP 255 New Case A man who is on eculizumab, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody that targets complement protein C5 which serves as a terminal complement inhibitor, comes in with left arm swelling. He lives in a city in the north part of the island of Borneo. He is being managed by a doctor in the Malaysian City of Kuching. Now the doctor caring for this man is married to an Infectious Disease expert and she raises concerns that this might be due to a parasitic disease. She is told by the husband that the disease of which she is thinking is not present in the region. She is not swayed and admits him for nightly blood smears which are negative. She then does a rapid immunochromatographic dipstick test that is positive. He lives in a community outside the city and they go to that village and find others with limb swelling issues who are also positive on antigen testing. He is treated with an antibiotic, not antiparasitic for 4 weeks and the arm improves.  Hint: this is not Wuchereria Bancrofti. Become a patron of TWiP  Send your questions and comments to twip@microbe.tv Music by Ronald Jenkees

TWiP solves the case of a man in his 50s reporting months of abdominal discomfort, who takes mebendazole and some time afterwards vomits a worm into the sink. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Daniel Griffin, and Christina Naula Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Links for this episode Join the MicrobeTV Discord server Please support our work at microbe.tv/contribute The giant intestinal worm, Ascaris lumbricoides (TWiP 21) Parasitic Diseases Lectures #24: Giant Intestinal Worm (YouTube) Letters read on TWiP 235 Hero: Ernst A. H. Friedheim Become a patron of TWiP  New Case: I first learned about this case from a colleague at work who tells me that their friend has just gotten really sick. The friend is described as having had multiple illnesses over time but that he has never been as sick as he recently got. He reports that the illness began as a diffuse myalgia with fever, there was some sore throat, noted swelling in the neck, and overwhelming fatigue. He tells some of his friends that he is feeling really terrible and it turns out that some of his friends also feel poorly. It turns out that about a week prior to the onset of his symptoms he and a number of friends attended a large dinner where venison and boar was served.  This individual is then seen in our office. Some testing is done. He feels really terrible and despite being reassured that he should get better without treatment he is given therapy. Send your guesses to twip@microbe.tv with TWiP 235 in the subject line Send your questions and comments to twip@microbe.tv

Today we eat food prepared by a supervillain, and then we travel to Martha's Vineyard to meet the mysterious King of the Fort.   Fan Art Friday Art by Goose Motion   Patreon  https://www.patreon.com/user?u=18482113 PayPal Donation Link https://tinyurl.com/mrxe36ph MERCH STORE!!! https://tinyurl.com/y8zam4o2 Amazon Wish List https://www.amazon.com/hz/wishlist/ls/28CIOGSFRUXAD?ref_=wl_share   Help Promote Dead Rabbit! Dual Flyer https://i.imgur.com/OhuoI2v.jpg "As Above" Flyer https://i.imgur.com/yobMtUp.jpg “Alien Flyer” By TVP VT U https://imgur.com/gallery/aPN1Fnw   Links: 1970 ascariasis poisoning incident https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_ascariasis_poisoning_incident 1970 ascariasis poisoning incident - In Montreal, following several quarrels involving late rental payments and having been evicted by his mates, post-graduate Eric Kranz would poison his roommates with food tainted by parasitic worm eggs he had taken from the university laboratory he studied at. https://www.reddit.com/r/CreepyWikipedia/comments/xc1zq8/1970_ascariasis_poisoning_incident_in_montreal/ Quebec Winter Carnival https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_Winter_Carnival Ascaris suum https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascaris_suum Strange Experience from my Youth https://www.reddit.com/r/HighStrangeness/comments/vm1og7/strange_experience_from_my_youth/ Archive https://archive.ph/TvEyC   Listen to the daily podcast anywhere you listen to podcasts! ------------------------------------------------ Logo Art By Ash Black Opening Song: "Atlantis Attacks" Closing Song: "Bella Royale" Music By Simple Rabbitron 3000 created by Eerbud Thanks to Chris K, Founder Of The Golden Rabbit Brigade Dead Rabbit Archivist Some Weirdo On Twitter AKA Jack Youtube Champ Stewart Meatball The Haunted Mic Arm provided by Chyme Chili Thanks to Fabio N! Pintrest https://www.pinterest.com/basque5150/jason-carpenter-hood-river/ http://www.DeadRabbit.com Email: DeadRabbitRadio@gmail.com Twitter: @DeadRabbitRadio Facebook: www.Facebook.com/DeadRabbitRadio Dead Rabbit Radio Subreddit https://www.reddit.com/r/DeadRabbitRadio/ TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@deadrabbitradio   Jason Carpenter PO Box 1363 Hood River, OR 97031   Paranormal, Conspiracy, and True Crime news as it happens! Jason Carpenter breaks the stories they'll be talking about tomorrow, assuming the world doesn't end today. All Contents Of This Podcast Copyright Jason Carpenter 2018 - 2022

The Razor's Edge - Interview! https://therazorsedge.rocks Fresh off stage from their performance on the New Blood stage at Bloodstock. The Bearded Monkey chats with UK extreme metal outfit Ascaris!

Podcast 167 staat in het teken van Manetti-koffie (pfffff), de transformatie van de Twingo van Bas in een rijdend voorbehoedsmiddel, het briljánte plan van de RAI om weer eens wat subsidies te gaan weggeven, te koop staande Maybachs en Ascaris en, in het kader van hun liefde voor dieren (mits goed bereid), een ode aan de koala. Verder is Lancia inderdaad gered en signaleren Bas en Carlo een trend die helaas aan Tesla voorbijging. De autoherinnering? Die is van Ysbrand Galama. Plezier!

Confira a reação de Áscaris, vocalista da banda black metal Imperium Infernale, ao ouvir as bandas Apocalyptichaos, Rhestus e Dark Imperium. | OBS: O Metal Judgement foi um quadro do Programa Heavy Nation onde os convidados ouviam bandas brasileiras e diziam suas impressões sobre elas

Acompanhe o DOSE CERTA, o seu boletim de saúde na programação da Hits Prime FM todos os dias. Apresentação Dr. Júlio Casé, médico de família e comunidade. Acesse nosso site www.fmhits.com.br para ouvir online. BAIXE O APP PRIME e ouça sem limites, na AppStore httpbit.lyIOS_PRIME ou na GooglePlay httpbit.lyPRIMEAPP_GooglePlay. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/quadros-da-prime-fm/message

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.07.240440v1?rss=1 Authors: Atkinson, L. E., Liu, Y., McKay, F., Vandewyer, E., Viau, C., Irvine, A., Rosa, B. A., Li, Z., Marks, N. J., Maule, A. G., Mitreva, M., Beets, I., Li, L. E., Mousley, A. Abstract: Neural circuit synaptic connectivities (the connectome) provide the anatomical foundation for our understanding of nematode nervous system function. However, other non-synaptic routes of communication are known in invertebrates including extrasynaptic volume transmission (EVT), which enables short- and/or long-range communication in the absence of synaptic connections. Although EVT has been highlighted as a facet of Caenorhabditis elegans neurosignaling, no experimental evidence identifies body cavity fluid (pseudocoelomic fluid; PCF) as a vehicle for either neuropeptide or biogenic amine transmission. In the parasitic nematode Ascaris suum FMRFamide-like peptides encoded on flp-18 potently stimulate female reproductive organs but are only expressed in cells that are anatomically distant from the reproductive organ, with no known synaptic connections to this tissue. Here we report a new non-synaptic mode of signaling in nematodes mediated by neuropeptides within the PCF. Our data show that: (i) A. suum PCF (As-PCF) contains a catalogue of neuropeptides including FMRFamide-like peptides and neuropeptide-like proteins; (ii) the A. suum FMRFamide-like peptide As-FLP-18A dominates the As-PCF peptidome; (iii) As-PCF potently modulates nematode reproductive muscle function ex vivo, mirroring the effects of synthetic FLP-18 peptides; (iv) As-PCF activates the C. elegans FLP-18 receptors NPR-4 and -5; (v) As-PCF alters C. elegans behavior and, (vi) FLP-18 and FLP-18 receptors display pan-phylum distribution in nematodes. Here we provide the first direct experimental evidence that supports an extrasynaptic volume route for neuropeptide transmission in nematodes. These data demonstrate non-synaptic signaling within the nematode functional connectome and are pertinent to receptor deorphanisation approaches underpinning drug discovery programs for nematode pathogens. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

The TWiP DVD solve the case of the Child Who Passed Worms, and discuss a non-human primate model for severe malarial anemia. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, and Daniel Griffin Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Links for this episode PWB social media: Facebook, Instagram, Twitter Primate model of severe malarial anemia (Sci Rep) Ascaris skirt (and more!) Hero: Harold W. Brown Letters read on TWiP 179 Become a patron of TWiP. Case Study for TWiP 179 From Uganda, eastern up in mountains, rainy season. 6 yo girl brought in by mother on Monday, reporting several days of feeling poorly, headache, fever, muscle aches. Negative malaria smear on Monday. Wednesday returns, feeling worse, fever higher, headache worse. Lungs clear, belly (pain on left side) has large spleen. Living in good conditions, well dressed, dirt floor house, concrete walls. Toilet is hole in back. Same dietary habits, high in carbs. No mosquito netting. Water from stream. No siblings. HIV negative. Send your case diagnosis, questions and comments to twip@microbe.tv Music by Ronald Jenkees

In this episode Phil and Rob are joined by Jake Bristow to talk about some of his favourite modern extreme metal from the UK and his recent trip to Scandinavia Deathfest 2019 Tracks played; Ascaris - Eau De Nil - The Raised Hand (2018) The Drowning - Broken Before The Throne - Senescent Signs (2016) Warcrab - Blood for the Blood God - Damned In Endless Night (2019) Blind Monarch - My Mother, My Cradle, My Tomb - What Is Imposed Must Be Endured (2019) Live Burial - Forced Back to Life - Forced Back to Life (2016) Hosts; Phil Wadey Rob Copper Jake Bristow Contact us at philsbreakfastmetal@gmail.com Facebook page; www.facebook.com/Philsbreakfastmetal/?fref=ts Twitter; @BreakfastMetal

The TriTWiPomonads solve the case of the Child Who Passed a Worm, and reveal recombination between bovine and human schistosome species. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, and Daniel Griffin Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiP. Links for this episode: S. bovis and S. haematobiumhybrids (PLoS Path) Hero: Ann Bishop Letters read on TWiP 169 Case Study for TWiP 169 9 yo boy brought into mobile clinic set up in small village Bocas del Toro archipelago. Initially had red painful eye a few months ago, lasted 1-2 weeks. Eye no longer red but has issues with vision in the eye. On eye exam, some peripheral vision, but no sharp clear vision. Notes retinal retraction, seems quiet granuloma over macula of affected eye. Send your case diagnosis, questions and comments to twip@microbe.tv Music by Ronald Jenkees

The Podfessors solve the case of the Itchy Child from Panama, and discuss competition for blood in human malaria-helminth co-infections. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, and Daniel Griffin Become a patron of TWiP. Links for this episode: Competingfor Blood (Ecol Letters) Parasite Hero: William C. Campbell Image credit Letters read on TWiP 151 Case Study for TWiP 151 Woman in 30s, mother of last two boys we saw, same locale. Concerned about abdominal pain for 3 years. Fullness, bloating of lower abdomen. No blood in stool, but occasionally loose stools, difficult to clean, stick/pasty/greasy stool. Had visited hospital, underwent test, told it is an ovarian cyst and needs surgery. Took omeprazole, allbendazole, azithromycin, none helped. On exam, diffuse abdominal tenderness. Portable ultrasound: small ovarian cyst 1.5 cm, not tender. Send your case diagnosis, questions and comments to twip@microbe.tv Music by Ronald Jenkees

This episode involves a Nature Walk contest, "Who's That Non-Bird: Killer Edition". (We'll save the killer birds for another day.) The contest question is this: which non-birds are responsible for the most human deaths in the world per year? Warren asks the rest of us to guess the top 11. Here's a little foreshadowing: Warren will cite some stats for non-animal causes of death for contrast, and John will contest them furiously. This contest is only one episode, but it's still surprisingly long, or at least it feels that way... If you want to correct any of Warren's statistics, send us an email (maskedman@limitedappeal.net). Theme music courtesy of General Patton vs. The X-Ecutioners and Ipecac Recordings.

On today's podcast, my special expert guest, Parasitology teacher and author of Parasites: Tales of Humanity's Most Unwelcome Guests, Rosemary Drisdelle and I continue our look into the wonderful world of human parasites sticking with the intestinal nematodes--Trichuris trichiura or whipworm. Along with the other soil-transmitted helminths we've discussed, hookworms, and Ascaris lumbricoides, they infect more than 1.5 billion people globally, or 24% of the world's population, accounting for a major burden of disease worldwide.

In an earlier episode of the podcast we discussed the giant intestinal roundworm, Ascaris lumbricoides--a nematode parasite. Today, we'll look at a nematode that is about the size of a staple--Enterobius vermicularis, or the pinworm. Pinworm is the most common worm infection in North America, in fact, it is estimated that there are 40 million infections at any one time in the U.S. and 500 million infections worldwide. Joining me to shed some light on this common parasite is friend to the show, Rosemary Drisdellle, Rosemary is a Parasitology teacher and author of Parasites: Tales of Humanity's Most Unwelcome Guests.

In an earlier episode of the podcast we discussed the giant intestinal roundworm, Ascaris lumbricoides–a nematode parasite. Today, we’ll look at a nematode that is about the size of a staple–Enterobius vermicularis, or the pinworm. Pinworm is the most common worm infection in North America, in fact, it is estimated that there are 40 million infections […] The post Parasites 101: Pinworms appeared first on Outbreak News Today.

Parasitology teacher and writer and the author of the book, Parasites: Tales of Humanity's Most Unwelcome Guests, Rosemary Drisdelle joined me on the episode to discuss the soil-transmitted helminth, the giant intestinal roundworm--Ascaris lumbricoides. Today's episode will be the first of a series of podcasts I'd like to call Parasites 101, which we'll try to on a weekly basis.

Daniel and Vincent solve the case of the Haitian Girl Who Failed To Thrive, and visit two studies that address the question of whether infection with Toxoplasma gondii alters human behavior. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Daniel Griffin   Links for this episode: ASM Grant Writing Online Course Is Toxoplasma infection related to brain and behavior impairments? (PLoS One) Toxoplasma infection and sexual attraction (Evol Psychol) TWiP 21 - The giant intestinal worm, Ascaris lumbricoides Candiru (Wikipedia) Image credit Letters read on TWiP 134 Case Study for TWiP 134 Woman in 30s, coming in Colorado to be seen, reports foul smelling loose stools multiple times each day, cramping and nausea. Started a few weeks ago. No fever, summer, no unusual travel, skiing up in mountains, hiking, backpacking. Originally from NE, moved to Colorado one year before. Often drinks from streams. Treats water with iodine. On overnight trips pack food and cook on stoves. Sticky stools, trouble wiping clean. Yes, my stools do float. Color, not as dark. Well formed. No medical problems, no surgeries, no allergies. Takes no medications. Lives alone in private home. Drinks beer, no other toxic habits. None of her friends report similar problems. Sexually active, does not always use protection. Physical exam: unremarkable. Send your case diagnosis, questions and comments to twip@microbe.tv Music by Ronald Jenkees

Vincent, Dickson, and Daniel discuss how fluctuation in the price of guinea pig food could help transmission of the agent of Chagas disease, and present a new case study for your consumption. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, and Daniel Griffin Links for this episode: Ascaris on TWiP 21 Ascaris lumbricoides life cycle (jpg) Child with distended abdomen due to Ascaris (jpg) Bottlenecks and Chagas disease (Proc Biol Soc) Letters read on TWiP 92 Case study for TWiP 92 A 20 yo Japanese female student went to the emergency room with severe abdominal pain. nausea, had vomited. Had just enjoyed homemade sushi an hour or two previuosly. She prepared the sushi: rice, salmon, tuna rolls. Salmon was local, caught by boyfriend. Tuna from store, sushi grade. No past medical history, mother with anemia. Takes oral contraceptives. No toxic habits. No travel. Monogamous. Temp 100.2, bp 140/90, hr high 90s, breathing upper teens. Physical exam normal except appears distressed in pain, belly extended, tender in left upper quadrant. Friends ate sushi but no one else got sick. All guests ate both types of fish. Send your diagnosis to twip@twiv.tv Contact Send your questions and comments (email or mp3 file) to twip@twiv.tv Subscribe Subscribe to TWiP (free) in iTunes, by the RSS feed or by email

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden insgesamt 497 Patienten mit mikroskopisch gesicherten Helminthiasen hinsichtlich epidemiologischer und klinischer Daten sowie auf indirekte Laborparameter (Eosinophilie und Gesamt-IgE-Erhöhung) und die Resultate immundiagnostischer Verfahren untersucht. Hierbei wurden die Ergebnisse von 329 Reiserückkehrern und 168 Migranten mit jeweils 8 Diagnosen (Ankylostomiasis, Askariasis, Fasziolose, Filariose, Schistosomiasis, Trichinose, Trichuriasis, Mischinfektionen) miteinander verglichen. Für die Evaluation der immundiagnostischen Verfahren wurden vorhandene Seren mit 9 Antigenen (Schistosoma mansoni, Onchocerca volvulus, Dirofilaria imitis, Trichinella spiralis, Fasciola hepatica, Toxocara canis, Strongyloides ratti, Ascaris lumbricoides, Ascaris suum) getestet. Vorbestehende Ergebnisse aus der Routinediagnostik wurden mit einbezogen. Als Kontrollen dienten die Seren von 80 gesunden Personen ohne Hinweise auf eine Wurmerkrankung in der Vorgeschichte und ohne einen vorherigen Aufenthalt in den Tropen oder Subtropen. Die epidemiologischen Daten zeigen eine eindeutige Zuordnung von Schistosomiasis und Filariosen auf den afrikanischen Kontinent, während die Geohelminthiasen (Erkrankungen durch Helminthen, deren präadulte Stadien sich im Erdboden entwickeln und die eine reise- bzw. migationsmedizinisch wichtige Bedeutung haben) von den Reiserückkehrern vorwiegend in Asien, vorzugsweise in Südostasien, akquiriert wurden. Die Migranten stammten hauptanteilig aus Afrika, es waren dennoch alle wesentlichen tropischen und subtropischen Gebiete vertreten. Die Auswertung der klinischen Symptomatik zeigte ein klares Erscheinungsbild der Filariosen mit Hauterscheinungen und Juckreiz sowie die überdurchschnittlich häufige Angabe von Harnwegsbeschwerden bei Infektionen mit Schistosoma haematobium. Bei allen Geohelminthosen und Infektionen mit Schistosoma mansoni herrschte bei den Reiserückkehrern eine gastrointestinale Symptomatik vor, während die Migranten insgesamt mehr unspezifische Beschwerden aufwiesen. Circa ein Drittel der Patienten war asymptomatisch. Die Sensitivität der Eosinophilie als indirekter Parameter lag in dieser Arbeit für Wurmerkrankungen im Allgemeinen bei 45%, variierte aber von Diagnose zu Diagnose erheblich, wobei kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen Reiserückkehrern und Migranten zu finden war. Eine Hypereosinophilie fand sich überdurchschnittlich häufig bei Migranten mit Filariose und bei Reiserückkehrern mit Strongyloidiasis; die Patienten mit Askariasis und Trichuriasis zeigten dagegen kaum Abweichungen von der Kontrollgruppe. Eine Gesamt-IgE-Erhöhung fand sich insgesamt bei 43% der Patienten, wobei es einen signifikanten Unterschied zwischen Reiserückkehrern (25%) und Migranten (75%) gab. Besonders hohe IgE-Serumspiegel konnten bei Migranten mit Schistosomiasis, Strongyloidiasis und Ankylostomiasis gefunden werden. Davon abweichend waren allerdings die Resultate von Reiserückkehrern mit Mischinfektionen. Bei diesen Patienten konnte eine unerwartet häufige Gesamt-IgE-Erhöhung verzeichnet werden (75%). Die serologischen Untersuchungen zeigten zumeist eine gute Sensitivität, aber erhebliche Kreuzreaktionen mit verwandten und nicht verwandten Wurmarten, sodass eine Differenzierung nur für die Schistosomiasis und die Filariosen valide gewährleistet ist. Der im Rahmen dieser Arbeit entwickelte Ascaris suum-ELISA, ergab eine Sensitivität von 60% und eine Spezifität von 90% und hat in der Routinediagnostik eine gewisse Berechtigung, da der Ascaris lumbricoides-ELISA inakzeptable Ergebnisse erbrachte. Zusammengefasst stellt die Eosinophilie einen wichtigen hinweisenden Parameter auf eine Wurminfektion dar, ist aber keine ausreichende Screeningmethode bei Rückkehr aus Endemiegebieten. Die serologischen Untersuchungen ergaben eine sinnvolle diagnostische Ergänzung bei der Schistosomiasis und den Filariosen. Eine Differenzierung der Geohelminthosen ist weiterhin nur durch direkte Nachweismethoden, wie z. B. dem Ei- bzw. Larvennachweis im Stuhl oder in einem Körpergewebe, verlässlich möglich.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Dickson Despommier Vincent and Dickson review examples of paleoparasitology, the detection of parasites in archaeological material. Links for this episode: T. rex had Trichomonas (PLoS One) King Richard III had worms (CNN) Discovery of toilets in Japan (Mem Inst Os Cruz) Paleoparasitology in the Old World (Mem Inst Os Cruz) Soils from Seoul (J Arachael Sci) Ancient parasite infections in Old World (pdf) Ascaris in coprolites (Mem Inst Os Cruz) Human intestinal parasites in the past (Mem Inst Os Cruz) Letters read on TWiP 61 Contact Send your questions and comments (email or mp3 file) to twip@twiv.tv Subscribe Subscribe to TWiP (free) in iTunes, by the RSS feed or by email

Vincent and Dickson review the biology and pathogenesis of Ascaris lumbricoides, one of the largest nematodes to infect humans.

Nuclear architecture is a biological field of research that studies the spatio-temporal organization of the components within cell nuclei. Since nuclei are the organelles that harbor the genome and epigenome, they are the place where most of the genetic processes like replication, transcription, splicing, gene-regulation, DNA repair, re- combination etc. are carried out. In the presented doctoral thesis modern 4D live-cell microscopy in combination with laser or ion microbeam irradiation (to label or damage chromatin, respectively) was used to study nuclear architecture in living cells over extended periods of time at the single cell level. The results presented in this thesis can be partitioned into three main parts: (a) chromatin dynamics in cycling cells, (b) adaptation of the ion micro beam facil- ity SNAKE to the needs of live-cell observation (including first experiments) and (c) exploring spatio-temporal dynamics of DNA repair proteins after laser micro ir- radiation. (A) Chromatin dynamics in cycling cells Distribution of interphase chromosomes within cell nuclei has been found to be non- random with respect to gene density and chromosome size. Changes in nuclear orga- nization have been reported in several disorders and diseases. To which extent relative chromosome positioning is conserved through mitosis in cycling cells and whether certain chromatin domains are able change their relative position dramatically in the interphase nucleus has been the subject of various mechanistic models and contro- versial discussions. In 1909 German biologist theodor Boveri was the first one to comment on this topic in his publication: “Die Blastomerenkerne von Ascaris mega- locephala und die Theorie der Chromosomenindividualität” (included as an appendix to this thesis). In order to test Boveri’s hypotheses, 4D live-cell observations were carried out on a modern spinning disc confocal microscope using a human cell line that possesses photoactivatable chromatin. In experiments that used photoactivation and photobleaching of chromatin, it could be demonstrated that – as stated by Boveri – chromatin proximity relationships are in general not conserved through mitosis but destroyed during early prometaphase by the mechanics of mitosis. Other experiments showed that nuclear rotations in a conveyer-belt-like manner are able to bring initially distant chromatin domains into close proximity in a matter of a few minutes. (B) Adaptation of the SNAKE micro beam facility to the needs of live- cell microscopy (including first experiments) Since ordinary irradiation sources lack the ability to perform targeted micro irradia- tion at the micrometer scale and laser micro irradiation produces an artificial mix of various DNA damages, the ion microbeam SNAKE represents an interesting tool to explore the dynamics of repair proteins in a spatio-temporal context. In the course of a collaboration project the ion microbeam was adapted to the needs of long-term live-cell microscopy. These adaptations and first live-cell experiments performed at the refurbished ion micro beam are described in this part of the results. (C) Exploring spatio-temporal dynamics of DNA repair proteins after laser micro irradiation. Mutation of genetic information can cause serious harm to a cell or even a whole or- ganism. DNA repair serves to protect and clean the genome from undirected poten- tially hazardous changes. Compared to the wealth of information which is available about DNA repair at the molecular level only little attention has been payed to it in context of nuclear architecture. In the last part of the results cells stably expressing GFP tagged versions of the repair proteins MDC1, Rad52 and 53BP1 were damaged by laser micro irradiation and imaged over extended periods of time. It could be de- monstrated that at the used damage induction conditions most of the cells show only minor changes with respect to localization of damage signals, kinetochores and nu- cleoli pattern over time. Furthermore, disappearance of spontaneous 53BP1-GFP foci in favor of protein recruitment to damaged chromatin and mutual exclusion between kinetochore signals and Rad52-GFP damage foci could be observed. In a few U2OS Rad52-GFP nuclei DNA damage foci disappeared simultaneously after a dramatic phase in which the total number of foci drastically increased – even adjacent to the laser damaged chromatin.

Vincent and Dick classify parasites according to whether or not they are transmitted by a vector, then consider the implications of long-lived parasites. Host links: Vincent Racaniello and Dickson Despommier

Synopsis With the TARDIS stuck at the bottom of a cliff, the four time travellers have ingratiated themselves into an unoccupied Roman villa. The owner, Flavius Giscard is away campaigning in Gaul. As the Doctor and Ian recline, Barbara and Vicki walk to the nearby Roman village. At the market they are spotted by two slave traders, Didius and Sevcheria. When they return to the villa the Doctor announces that he is off to Rome, some miles away, and will travel there with Vicki. Later that evening Barbara and Ian, now alone, are relaxing when the two slavers burst in upon them. They are soon overpowered and taken prisoner. Ian is sold to one slave owner, while Barbara is to be traded with another and sent to Rome. The Doctor and Vicki are en route for Rome when they find the murdered body of a lyre player named Maximus Pettulian. The Doctor is holding the man's lyre when a Centurion arrives and mistakes him for the dead man who is late for an engagement in Rome. The Centurion thus accompanies them to Assysium. Once stationed at an inn there, the Centurion makes contact with the mute assassin Ascaris, who killed the real Pettulian, and instructs him to kill the Doctor. The assassin draws his sword and heads off to the Doctor's chambers. The Doctor overpowers the assassin and, along with Vicki, drives him away through an open window. It seems the Centurion has fled, and the Doctor concludes the soldier was in league with the assassin. He decides to maintain his alias as Pettulian and head onward to the city of Rome. Barbara is meanwhile already in the city and is soon sold in open auction for 10,000 sesterces to a man named Tavius, who is highly placed in the court of the Emperor Nero. She is to be a handmaiden to Nero's wife, Poppaea. Tavius is a kindly man but warns that if she tries to escape her slavery that she will be killed. The Doctor and Vicki arrive at Nero's court too and encounter Tavius, who seems to imply to the Doctor that Pettulian is part of a secret network in which he is also a player. Further discussion is interrupted by the arrival of Nero himself, a laughable excuse for a leader who seems arrogant, vain and selfish. The Doctor cleverly avoids an extended lyre concert and then have the freedom of the court. On one walk around they find the body of the Centurion who imperilled them earlier. Ian has been confined to a galley in the Mediterranean but the craft soon runs into rough seas and is broken up. He is washed to the nearby shore and there is found by another survivor of the galley, Delos, who has saved his life and removes the last of his chains. They agree to head for Rome in search of Barbara. When they reach there, however, they are captured by some centurions. Taken to the arena they are set to be trained as gladiators – and their first opponents will be the lions. It becomes apparent to the Doctor that Tavius had the Centurion murdered and that he too is expected to fulfil some sort of action. Nero decides the Doctor must fulfil an obligation too, and organises a banquet in his honour at which he must play the lyre. He also takes a shine to Barbara and starts to pursue her romantically – and literally – much to the anger of Empress Poppea, who decides to have her poisoned at the Pettulian banquet. Barbara has just left the banquet chamber when the Doctor arrives there, warning the Emperor that he has learnt his wine could be poisoned. It has been, as part of Poppea's plan. The Doctor is soon put to perform centre stage and picks up his lyre with the warning that only those with the most sensitive and perceptive hearing will be able to discern its subtle melody. He then creates absolutely no sound but has created a climate in which no-one wishes to make themselves out to be philistines by not appreciating the music. Nero is not convinced, however, and in private fumes against the deception. He decides to have Pettulian fed to the lions. Meanwhile, at the arena itself Ian and Delos have been trained as gladiators and are set to fight each other. With Nero watching them they are told to battle to the death. Delos and Ian decide to fight their way out of the arena instead, and Ian is able to shout to the watching Barbara that he will be back to rescue her before he and Delos flee. The Emperor calls off his soldiers when it becomes clear they cannot be caught, planning to have him killed when he returns to rescue Barbara. A crowd of soldiers are arranged at the palace. The Doctor has meanwhile found the architectural plans for Nero's new Rome, and deduces that since the year is 64 AD that the Emperor is planning to destroy the city. Tavius arrives and warns the Doctor that the Emperor is planning to kill him too, advising him to fulfil his mission and kill Nero soon. It seems that Pettulian was an assassin all along. The Doctor and Vicki decide to leave quickly but before departing accidentally set fire to Nero's architectural plans. The Emperor notices this and decides to burn down the city, thanking the Doctor and deciding after all to spare his life. A rabble are bribed into starting the blaze and while anarchy rages Ian is helped into the palace by Tavius, who reunites him with Barbara. Under Tavius' eye the two are allowed to escape and make their way from Rome and back to the villa. Delos helps them get clear of the palace, parting from his friend Ian. The Doctor and Vicki also escape the city, watching it burn from a nearby hill. By the time the Doctor and Vicki return to the villa, Ian and Barbara have spruced themselves up, and the Doctor mistakenly assumes that they have not even left the villa. All four leave in the TARDIS but have barely begun to travel when a strange force starts dragging the ship to an unknown location.