Podcasts about Seoul

This week, Dr. Joëlle Hivonnet joins the podcast to discuss her four-year tenure as the EU's deputy head in Seoul from 2016, a tumultuous era in inter-Korean relations defined by both tensions and diplomacy. Hivonnet talks about how U.S. President Donald Trump's threats against North Korea transformed into summit talks between leader Kim Jong Un, South Korean President Moon Jae-in and Trump, and how those developments ushered in a period of optimism for the EU. She also challenges the notion that Europe has a limited role in the peninsula's affairs, particularly after North Korea's direct involvement in the war in Ukraine. The EU's agenda is being “totally dominated” by the Ukraine-Russia war, and North Korea's deployment of troops and munitions in support of Moscow's invasion is clear evidence that issues involving the DPRK now relate to the 27-member state organization, she said. Hivonnet, now retired, worked in EU postings for over 30 years, including in Geneva and Kathmandu. Prior to working for the EU, she was a senior lecturer at the University of Northumbria in England.  About the podcast: The North Korea News Podcast is a weekly podcast hosted by Jacco Zwetsloot exclusively for NK News, covering all things DPRK — from news to extended interviews with leading experts and analysts in the field, along with insight from our very own journalists. NK News subscribers can listen to this and other exclusive episodes from their preferred podcast player by accessing the private podcast feed. For more detailed instructions, please see the step-by-step guide at nknews.org/private-feed.

Seoul's Dangerous Pivot North — Gordon Chang — Chang warns that South Korea's newly elected leftist presidentthreatens the stability of the U.S.-South Korea security alliance by seeking diplomatic unification with the North, pursuing engagement strategies likely to be rejected by Kim Jong-un. Chang documents that North Korea's Kim Jong-un is simultaneously deepening military-technical cooperation with Russia against Ukraine, creating triangular strategic complications threatening regional stability. Chang emphasizes that South Korea's strategic pivot toward North Koreawill destabilize the American alliance framework in Northeast Asia precisely when Russian-Chinese-North Koreancoordination represents an escalating threat to American regional interests and Pacific stability.

December 2, 2025 - The Smithsonian's National Museum of Asian Art presents Korean Treasures: Collected, Cherished, Shared, the first U.S. exhibition of significant works from the renowned Lee Kun-Hee Collection. On view through February 1, 2026,  Korean Treasures features over 200 works, including a dozen National Treasures designated by the Korean government. The largest and most comprehensive presentation of Korean art ever mounted at the National Museum of Asian Art, the exhibition spans 1,500 years—from ancient Buddhist sculptures and ceramics to paintings, furnishings and modern masterpieces of the 20th century. Donated to the Republic of Korea in 2021 by the family of the late Samsung Chairman Lee Kun-Hee, the collection reflects more than 70 years of generational collecting and comprises more than 23,000 works, a testament to a decades-long commitment to preserving and sharing Korea's artistic legacy and cultural heritage. Korean Treasures presents a remarkable selection from the collection to American audiences for the first time, alongside additional loans from the Leeum Museum of Art in Seoul, Korea, shown exclusively in Washington, D.C. In a conversation with The Korea Society, three curators from the National Museum of Asian Art–Carol Huh, J. Keith Wilson, and Sunwoo Hwang–explore the depth and diversity of Korean art and reflect on the practice of collecting in Korea. For more information, please visit the link below: https://www.koreasociety.org/arts-culture/gallery-talks/2081-korean-treasures-collected-cherished-shared-the-curatorial-roundtable

Historic Tapgol Park declared alcohol-free zone진행자: 홍유, Chelsea Proctor기사요약: 종로구가 역사적 가치 보존과 무질서 행위 방지를 위해 탑골공원을 금주 구역으로 지정하고, 문화재 보호 대책도 마련하기로 했다.[1] Tapgol Park in central Seoul, known as the first modern park in the country, has been designated as a no-drinking zone as part of district officials' efforts to preserve the prominent historic site.preserve: 보존하다prominent: 두드러진[2] The Jongno District Office said Monday that drinking alcoholic beverages or possessing an open bottle of such drink have been banned inside the park, having taken effect Oct. 20. The grace period for the new policy extends to March 2026. Violators face an administrative fine of 100,000 won ($68) starting April 1.possess: 소유하다grace period: 유예기간[3] Jongno-gu, populated by 137,449 people as of October, is widely regarded as a central region of the South Korean capital for housing headquarters of several prominent government organizations, along with sites of historical and cultural heritage. This includes Tapgol Park, formerly called Pagoda Park, which was built during the fleeting years of the Joseon era, in the Korean Empire.be regarded as: ~로 여겨지다fleeting: 잠깜의[4] It holds a particular significance in the country's history as the epicenter for the March First Movement in 1919 for Korea's independence from Japan, as the declaration of independence was read in the Tapgol Park.significance: 중요성epicenter: (사건의) 중심지기사원문: https://www.koreaherald.com/article/10627042

Send us your feedback — we're listening2 Chronicles 7:14 — Evening Prayer for Global Nations, Peace, Healing, Unity, and Hope for the World From London to New Delhi, from Kyiv to Rio, from Seoul to Cape Town — a global 6 P.M. prayer within the DailyPrayer.uk 24-Hour Devotional Cycle. 2 Chronicles 7:14 — “If my people, who are called by my name, will humble themselves and pray and seek my face and turn from their wicked ways, then I will hear from heaven, and I will forgive their sin and will heal their land.” Psalm 33:12 — “Blessed is the nation whose God is the Lord, the people he chose for his inheritance.” Across the world tonight, hearts search for hope, reconciliation, and healing for nations shaken by conflict, division and unrest. These verses remain among the most globally looked-up scriptures for unity, peace, and divine intervention for entire countries. Father, we lift up nations tonight — Ukraine, India, Brazil, and South Korea — before Your throne. We ask for peace where there is conflict, unity where there is division, healing where there is pain, and hope where despair has settled. Forgive prejudice, heal strife, and bring reconciliation. Pour out mercy over every leader, every people, every family. Let Your light pierce nations burdened by darkness. Bring transformation, restore dignity, and raise voices of peace. Let Your presence overtake chaos, Your love conquer fear, and Your justice restore dignity. May Your name be honoured among the nations and may Your kingdom come, Your will be done. We stand together in faith, praying that healing and peace sweep across the lands tonight. prayer for peace, prayer for unity, prayer for healing, prayer for reconciliation, prayer for hope, prayer for justice, prayer for revivalLife Application  Pray 2 Chronicles 7:14 over these nations tonight; commit to praying for global peace and unity with every breath. Declaration I declare that healing, peace, unity, and revival flow across nations today.Call to Action Share this prayer and visit DailyPrayer.uk for global devotional resources.24-Hour Arc ConnectorPrevious: 12 P.M. — Guidance and ClarityThis Episode: 6 P.M. — Global Nations IntercessionNext: 8 P.M. — Evening Prayer for Spiritual Growth2 chronicles 7:14 prayer, nations prayer, global prayer, christian prayer for peace, reverend ben cooper, dailyprayer.uk, global prayer podcast, daily prayer podcast, prayer for unitySupport the showFor more inspiring content, visit RBChristianRadio.net — your home for daily devotionals, global prayer, and biblical encouragement for every season of life. We invite you to connect with our dedicated prayer hub at DailyPrayer.uk — a place where believers from every nation unite in prayer around the clock. If you need prayer, or would like to leave a request, this is the place to come. Our mission is simple: to pray with you, to stand with you, and to keep the power of prayer at the centre of everyday life. Your support through DailyPrayer.uk helps us continue sharing the gospel and covering the nations in prayer. You can also discover our ministry services and life celebrations at LifeCelebrant.net — serving families with faith, dignity, and hope. If this devotional blesses you, please consider supporting our listener-funded mission by buying us a coffee through RBChristianRadio.net. Every prayer, every gift, and every share helps us keep broadcasting God's Word to the world.

Send us your feedback — we're listeningMatthew 5:10 — Faith Under Fire Prayer for the Persecuted Church, Courage, Endurance and God's Protection Across Hostile NationsFrom London to Cairo, from Seoul to Nairobi, from Mumbai to Buenos Aires — recorded live here in London, England — a global 9 A.M. prayer within the DailyPrayer.uk 24-Hour Devotional Cycle. Scripture (NIV) Matthew 5:10 — “Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.” 2 Timothy 3:12 — “Everyone who wants to live a godly life in Christ Jesus will be persecuted.” Each morning, global searches rise for prayer for persecuted believers. Matthew 5:10 remains one of the world's most accessed scriptures for courage, endurance and spiritual resilience among Christians suffering in hostile environments. Prayer  Father, today we lift the Faith Under Fire family across the nations. Strengthen believers in the Persecuted Church who stand for Christ at great cost. Cover Your sons and daughters in North Korea, Afghanistan, Somalia and Libya with divine courage. Let the Underground Church feel Your presence, Your protection and Your sustaining power. Guard their families, their worship and their witness. Give them boldness to stand, wisdom to remain hidden, and peace to endure. Break fear, strengthen unity and open supernatural doors for Your Word to spread. Surround pastors, leaders and secret gatherings with angelic protection. Today, we stand with them in prayer, believing You will uphold, empower and comfort every persecuted believer. Prayer Points prayer for courage, prayer for protection, prayer for persecuted believers, prayer for endurance, prayer for bold faith, prayer for comfort, prayer for hopeLife Application  Hold persecuted believers before God today and speak Matthew 5:10 over their lives, standing with them as one body in Christ.Declaration I declare that persecuted believers stand strong in God's courage, protection and unshakeable hope today. Call to Action Share this prayer and visit DailyPrayer.uk for global devotional resources.24-Hour Arc ConnectorPrevious: 5 A.M. — Hope and RenewalThis Episode: 9 A.M. — Faith Under Fire: Persecuted ChurchNext: 12 P.M. — Healing and Hope for Crisis Nationsmatthew 5:10 prayer, persecuted church prayer, faith under fire prayer, christian prayer for courage, reverend ben cooper, dailyprayer.uk, global prayer podcast, daily prayer podcaSupport the showFor more inspiring content, visit RBChristianRadio.net — your home for daily devotionals, global prayer, and biblical encouragement for every season of life. We invite you to connect with our dedicated prayer hub at DailyPrayer.uk — a place where believers from every nation unite in prayer around the clock. If you need prayer, or would like to leave a request, this is the place to come. Our mission is simple: to pray with you, to stand with you, and to keep the power of prayer at the centre of everyday life. Your support through DailyPrayer.uk helps us continue sharing the gospel and covering the nations in prayer. You can also discover our ministry services and life celebrations at LifeCelebrant.net — serving families with faith, dignity, and hope. If this devotional blesses you, please consider supporting our listener-funded mission by buying us a coffee through RBChristianRadio.net. Every prayer, every gift, and every share helps us keep broadcasting God's Word to the world.

Send us your feedback — we're listeningMatthew 5:10 — Faith Under Fire Prayer for the Persecuted Church, Courage, Endurance, and God's Sustaining Strength From London to Cairo, from Seoul to Nairobi, from Mumbai to Buenos Aires — a global 9 A.M. prayer within the DailyPrayer.uk 24-Hour Devotional Cycle. Matthew 5:10 — “Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.” Hebrews 13:3 — “Continue to remember those in prison as if you were together with them.” Across the world, searches for prayer for the persecuted church rise each morning as believers seek strength for those suffering for Christ. These verses rank among the most searched globally for courage, endurance, and steadfast Christian faith under pressure. Prayer  Father, today we lift the Faith Under Fire family across the earth. Strengthen every believer standing firm in the Persecuted Church. Cover Your sons and daughters in North Korea, Afghanistan, Somalia, and Libya with divine courage. Let the Underground Church know Your presence, Your protection, and Your guidance. Give them endurance when weary, hope when threatened, and peace when surrounded by danger. Break every chain of fear. Strengthen families, pastors, and communities who worship in secret. Provide shelter, provision, and supernatural boldness. Let Your Word spread with power despite opposition. Unite us with them in prayer. Today we stand together as one global body, asking You to guard, uphold, and empower Your persecuted people with unshakeable faith and heavenly strength. Prayer  prayer for courage, prayer for protection, prayer for persecuted believers, prayer for bold faith, prayer for endurance, prayer for comfort, prayer for hopeLife Application  Pray Matthew 5:10 over persecuted believers today and hold them before God as if standing beside them in their trials. I declare that persecuted believers stand strong in God's courage, protection, and unshakeable hope today. Share this prayer and visit DailyPrayer.uk for global devotional resources.24-Hour Arc ConnectorPrevious: 5 A.M. — Hope and EncouragementThis Episode: 9 A.M. — Faith Under Fire: Persecuted ChurchNext: 12 P.M. — Midday Prayer for Guidance and Claritymatthew 5:10 prayer, persecuted church prayer, faith under fire prayer, christian prayer for courage, reverend ben cooper, dailyprayer.uk, global prayer podcast, daily prayer podcast, prayer for persecuted believersSupport the showFor more inspiring content, visit RBChristianRadio.net — your home for daily devotionals, global prayer, and biblical encouragement for every season of life. We invite you to connect with our dedicated prayer hub at DailyPrayer.uk — a place where believers from every nation unite in prayer around the clock. If you need prayer, or would like to leave a request, this is the place to come. Our mission is simple: to pray with you, to stand with you, and to keep the power of prayer at the centre of everyday life. Your support through DailyPrayer.uk helps us continue sharing the gospel and covering the nations in prayer. You can also discover our ministry services and life celebrations at LifeCelebrant.net — serving families with faith, dignity, and hope. If this devotional blesses you, please consider supporting our listener-funded mission by buying us a coffee through RBChristianRadio.net. Every prayer, every gift, and every share helps us keep broadcasting God's Word to the world.

Send us a textShawn and Joe trade war stories from the front lines of Seoul's tour scene. Influencers melting down in costume, drunk guests apologizing between vomit breaks, bathroom disappearances, oddball actors who steal the show, couples who arrive mid-argument, and reviews born from pure misunderstanding.The episode digs into what really derails a tour, how guides survive it, and why some guests treat history like fan fiction. Add a little wildlife drama, a clown fight, a Kenny G busker and a heron named Bob, and you get a solid snapshot of what it means to guide people through this city. It is messy, funny, awkward, exhausting and sometimes unexpectedly sweet. Korea's #1 ghost and dark history walking tour. Book at DarkSideOfSeoul.com Get your comic at DarkSideOfSeoul.comSupport the showJoin our Patreon to get more stuff https://patreon.com/darksideofseoul Book a tour of The Dark Side of Seoul Ghost Walk at https://darksideofseoul.com Pitch your idea here. https://www.darksideofseoul.com/expats-of-the-wild-east/ Credits Produced by Joe McPherson and Shawn Morrissey Music by Soraksan Top tier Patrons Angel EarlJoel BonominiDevon HiphnerGabi PalominoSteve MarshEva SikoraRon ChangMackenzie MooreHunter WinterCecilia Löfgren DumasJosephine RydbergDevin BuchananAshley WrightGeorge Irion Facebook Page | Instagram

Fluent Fiction - Korean: Snowflakes & Secrets: Decoding Love in Bukchon Village Find the full episode transcript, vocabulary words, and more:fluentfiction.com/ko/episode/2025-12-02-23-34-01-ko Story Transcript:Ko: 서울의 한적한 겨울날, 부엌에서는 따뜻한 김이 올라오고, 지호는 나리와 함께 북촌한옥마을의 좁은 골목길을 천천히 걸어가고 있다.En: On a quiet winter day in Seoul, warm steam rises from the kitchen, and Ji-ho is slowly walking down the narrow alley of Bukchon Hanok Village with Nari.Ko: 눈송이가 조용히 내려와 전통 기와지붕을 덮으며 마을은 마치 겨울 동화 속으로 들어온 듯하다.En: Snowflakes quietly descend and cover the traditional tiled roofs, making the village feel as if it has wandered into a winter fairy tale.Ko: "나리, 이곳 참 멋지지 않아?En: "Nari, isn't this place wonderful?"Ko: " 지호가 말했다.En: Ji-ho said.Ko: 그는 늘 모험심이 넘쳐흐르는 친구였다.En: He was always a friend overflowing with a sense of adventure.Ko: "응, 여긴 올 때마다 새로워.En: "Yes, every time I come here, it feels new.Ko: 이곳엔 옛 이야기가 숨겨져 있을 것 같아," 나리가 미소지으며 대답했다.En: It's like there are old stories hidden in this place," Nari replied with a smile.Ko: 그녀는 역사를 좋아하며, 오래된 이야기들 속에서 위안을 찾곤 했다.En: She loved history and often found solace in old stories.Ko: 눈 덮인 골목을 돌던 중, 두 사람은 양놈하는 한옥 구석에서 오래된 다락방을 발견했다.En: While turning the snow-covered alley, the two stumbled across an old attic tucked in a corner of a hanok.Ko: 호기심 많은 지호는 다락방 문을 열고 들어갔다.En: The curious Ji-ho opened the attic door and went inside.Ko: 그곳 한켠에서 낡은 상자를 발견했다.En: They discovered an old box tucked away in a corner.Ko: 상자 안에는 수수께끼 같은 암호문을 쓴 사랑의 편지들이 있었다.En: Inside the box were love letters written in cryptic codes.Ko: "이게 뭐지?En: "What is this?Ko: 누군가 겨울 밤을 보내며 이걸 썼을 것 같아," 지호가 편지를 읽으며 말했다.En: Someone must have written this on a winter night," Ji-ho said as he read the letters.Ko: "암호문처럼 보여.En: "It looks like a code.Ko: 우리 이걸 풀어보지 않을래?En: Why don't we try to decipher it?"Ko: " 나리가 그의 옆으로 다가오며 제안했다.En: Nari suggested, moving closer to him.Ko: 지호는 대학이 겨울방학에 들어가자, 이 미스터리를 푸는 일에 몰두하기로 결심했다.En: When the university went on winter break, Ji-ho decided to devote himself to solving this mystery.Ko: 나리와 함께 비밀스런 일로 가슴이 두근거렸다.En: With Nari, his heart raced with the secret endeavor.Ko: 그러나 편지의 암호를 이해하는 것은 쉽지 않았다.En: However, understanding the code in the letters was not easy.Ko: 두 사람은 좌절하기도 했지만, 서로에게서 힘을 얻으며 결코 포기하지 않았다.En: The two experienced moments of frustration, but they never gave up, drawing strength from each other.Ko: 며칠 밤낮을 고심한 끝에, 지호와 나리는 드디어 암호를 해독했다.En: After pondering for several days and nights, Ji-ho and Nari finally deciphered the code.Ko: 그곳에는 수십 년 전, 금지된 사랑 이야기와 주고받은 약속들이 숨겨져 있었다.En: Hidden within were stories of forbidden love and exchanged promises from decades ago.Ko: "진심이 들어간 사랑이었어," 나리가 감격하면서 말했다.En: "It was a love filled with sincerity," Nari remarked emotionally.Ko: 이 발견은 지호와 나리를 더 가깝게 만들었다.En: This discovery brought Ji-ho and Nari closer together.Ko: 그들은 지금보다 훨씬 더 옛날의 사건에도 공감할 수 있게 되었다.En: They found themselves able to empathize with events from much further in the past.Ko: "나리, 이제 우리는 더 많은 모험을 찾아보자," 지호가 제안했다.En: "Nari, let's seek out more adventures," Ji-ho suggested.Ko: 그는 이제 자신감이 더욱 생겼으며, 나리는 새로운 모험심을 발견했다.En: He now had more confidence, and Nari discovered a new sense of adventure.Ko: 그렇게 그들은 눈 내리는 북촌의 미스터리를 풀고, 시간 속에 묻혀 있었던 사랑 이야기를 되새기며, 미래의 더 많은 탐험을 기대하게 되었다.En: Thus, they solved the mystery of snow-covered Bukchon, revisiting the love story buried in time, and looked forward to many more explorations in the future.Ko: 두 사람의 우정은 더욱 깊어졌고, 그들 앞의 많은 이야기들을 더불어 나눌 준비를 했다.En: Their friendship deepened, and they were ready to share many more stories ahead.Ko: 겨울의 마법 같은 이야기 속에서, 지호와 나리는 역사 속에 자신들을 새롭게 발견하고 있었던 것이다.En: Amid the magical winter story, Ji-ho and Nari were rediscovering themselves in history. Vocabulary Words:quiet: 한적한steam: 김alley: 골목길wandered: 들어온overflowing: 넘쳐흐르는solace: 위안attic: 다락방cryptic: 수수께끼 같은decipher: 해독frustration: 좌절pondering: 고심한sincerity: 진심empathize: 공감할adventure: 모험explorations: 탐험rediscovering: 새롭게 발견하고mystery: 미스터리tiled roofs: 기와지붕descend: 내려와stumbled: 발견했다forbidden: 금지된devote: 몰두하기로endeavor: 일understanding: 이해하는buried: 묻혀confidence: 자신감ashamed: 부끄러운promises: 약속들fluctuation: 변동distant: 먼

Send us your feedback — we're listeningStraplineFrom London to Lagos, from Seoul to São Paulo, from New York to Nairobi — a global 9 A.M. prayer for the persecuted and underground church within the DailyPrayer.uk 24-Hour Devotional Cycle.Scripture (NIV) 2 Timothy 3:12 — “Everyone who wants to live a godly life in Christ Jesus will be persecuted.” Hebrews 13:3 — “Remember those in prison as if you were together with them…” Intro Around the world, believers face pressure, surveillance, imprisonment, and violence because of their faith. These verses remain among the most searched globally when Christians pray for endurance and courage under persecution. This prayer joins listeners across nations standing with the persecuted church today. Prayer Father, we lift before You our brothers and sisters in North Korea, Somalia, Yemen, and Eritrea. Strengthen those who gather in secret. Protect those who worship in fear. Guard believers who suffer for the name of Christ. Give courage to the underground and house churches. Shelter pastors, evangelists, and families under threat. Let Your presence surround those imprisoned or watched. Give endurance to those who cannot gather openly and hope to those who feel forgotten. Empower believers to stand firm. Let Your Word sustain them, Your peace steady them, and Your Spirit strengthen them. Cover them with protection and fill them with boldness as they follow You today.Prayer Points prayer for persecuted believers, prayer for underground church strength, prayer for courage, prayer for protection, prayer for endurance, prayer for hope in suffering, prayer for God's coveringLife Application Pause today to remember persecuted believers and speak 2 Timothy 3:12 or Hebrews 13:3 in prayer. Declaration I declare that the persecuted church is not forgotten; God strengthens every believer who suffers for His name. Call to Action Share this prayer and visit DailyPrayer.uk to stand with the persecuted church.24-Hour Arc ConnectorPrevious: Morning Strength (5 A.M.)This Episode: Faith Under Fire (9 A.M.)Next: Midday Renewal (12 P.M.)Support the showFor more inspiring content, visit RBChristianRadio.net — your home for daily devotionals, global prayer, and biblical encouragement for every season of life. We invite you to connect with our dedicated prayer hub at DailyPrayer.uk — a place where believers from every nation unite in prayer around the clock. If you need prayer, or would like to leave a request, this is the place to come. Our mission is simple: to pray with you, to stand with you, and to keep the power of prayer at the centre of everyday life. Your support through DailyPrayer.uk helps us continue sharing the gospel and covering the nations in prayer. You can also discover our ministry services and life celebrations at LifeCelebrant.net — serving families with faith, dignity, and hope. If this devotional blesses you, please consider supporting our listener-funded mission by buying us a coffee through RBChristianRadio.net. Every prayer, every gift, and every share helps us keep broadcasting God's Word to the world.

Send us your feedback — we're listeningFrom London to Nairobi, from New York to Seoul, from Sydney to Vancouver — a global 5 A.M. prayer within the DailyPrayer.uk 24-Hour Devotional Cycle.Scripture (NIV) Isaiah 40:31 — “But those who hope in the Lord will renew their strength. They will soar on wings like eagles…”Psalm 143:8 — “Show me the way I should go, for to you I entrust my life.” Intro The early morning brings a search for strength, clarity, and direction. Isaiah 40:31 remains one of the most globally sought scriptures as people begin the day needing endurance, hope, and divine guidance. This prayer joins listeners worldwide asking God for renewed strength and steady steps.Prayer Father, we lift this new day before You. Renew strength in every listener who feels tired, stretched, or uncertain. Bring clarity to those seeking direction. Calm the mind, steady the emotions, and guide each step today. Where there is weariness, release endurance. Where there is hesitation, release courage. Where decisions must be made, bring wisdom and peace. Let hope rise in every heart. Lead each listener into the path You have prepared and strengthen them to walk it with confidence. Cover their day with Your presence, guard their thoughts, and fill them with purpose. Let this morning be marked by renewed faith, divine clarity, and the strength that comes from waiting on You. Prayer Points prayer for morning strength, prayer for clarity, prayer for direction, prayer for renewed hope, prayer for endurance, prayer for wisdom, prayer for courageLife Application Speak Isaiah 40:31 or Psalm 143:8 this morning and trust God to guide your steps.Declaration I declare that God renews my strength and leads me in the way I should go.Call to Action Share this prayer and visit DailyPrayer.uk for global devotional resources.24-Hour Arc ConnectorPrevious: Night Protection (3 A.M.)This Episode: Morning Strength and Direction (5 A.M.)Next: Faith Under Fire — Persecuted Church (9 A.M.)Support the showFor more inspiring content, visit RBChristianRadio.net — your home for daily devotionals, global prayer, and biblical encouragement for every season of life. We invite you to connect with our dedicated prayer hub at DailyPrayer.uk — a place where believers from every nation unite in prayer around the clock. If you need prayer, or would like to leave a request, this is the place to come. Our mission is simple: to pray with you, to stand with you, and to keep the power of prayer at the centre of everyday life. Your support through DailyPrayer.uk helps us continue sharing the gospel and covering the nations in prayer. You can also discover our ministry services and life celebrations at LifeCelebrant.net — serving families with faith, dignity, and hope. If this devotional blesses you, please consider supporting our listener-funded mission by buying us a coffee through RBChristianRadio.net. Every prayer, every gift, and every share helps us keep broadcasting God's Word to the world.

Last time we spoke about the beginning of a conflict between the USSR and Japan. In the frost-hardened dawns by the Chaun and Tumen, two powers eye a ridge called Changkufeng, each seeing a prize and fearing a trap. On the Soviet side, weary front-line troops tighten their grip, while Moscow's diplomats coaxed restraint through Seoul and Harbin.  As July unfolds, Tokyo's generals push a dangerous idea: seize the hill with a surprise strike, then bargain for peace. Seoul's 19th Division is readied in secret, trains loaded with men and horses, movement masked, prayers whispered to avoid widening the rift. Japanese scouts in white Hanbok disguise, peering at trenches, wire, and watchful Russians. Russian border guards appear as shadows, counters slipping into place, yet both sides hold their fire. On July 29, a skirmish erupts: a platoon crosses a shallow line, clashes flare, and bodies and banners ripple in the cold air.    #178 Night Attacks and Diplomatic Strains: The Lake Khasan Conflict Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. A second troop train was scheduled to depart Agochi for Nanam on the night of 29 July, carrying back the initial elements of the 75th Infantry. At Haigan, regimental commander Sato was pulling on his boots at 16:00 when the division informed him that fighting had broken out near Shachaofeng since 15:00 and that the Russians were assembling forces in that area. Suetaka ordered Sato's 3rd Battalion, which had not been slated to leave until the following night, to proceed to Kucheng; the remainder of the regiment was to assemble at Agochi. After consulting with Division Staff Officer Saito at Agochi, Sato returned to Haigan with the conclusion that "overall developments did not warrant optimism, it was imperative to prepare to move the entire regiment to the battlefield." One of Sato's first actions was to telephone a recommendation to the division that he be allowed to occupy Hill 52, which commanded the approaches to Changkufeng from south of Khasan. Suetaka approved, and at 17:30, Yamada's company was ordered to proceed to Shikai along with Hirahara's battalion. Meanwhile, Suzuki's 15th Heavy Field Artillery Regiment, which had been among the last units ordered to leave, had finished loading at Agochi by about 15:00. Sato recommended to Suetaka that a portion of Suzuki's regiment be attached to him; this was why Suetaka decided to transfer one of the two batteries to the 75th Infantry. The rest of the heavy artillery concentrated at Kyonghun. Suetaka's orders, issued at 18:20, called for Sato to have two of his battalions, the 1st and 3rd, cross the Tumen as soon as possible, with engineer support. Attached was Narukawa's heavy battery. Sato's mission was twofold: to assist Senda and to watch the enemy in the Changkufeng area. Sato arrived at 21:15 in Shikai. There, he assembled a number of his officers, including Yamada, and explained his plan: the 1st Company plus machine guns were to cross the Tumen from Sozan ahead of the other units, occupy Hill 52 with an element, and concentrate the main body at the foot of Fangchuanting to await Hirahara's battalion. A portion of the 19th Engineers would go to Sozan to assist the 1st Company with its river crossing. Amid heavy rain and darkness, the various units set out at 22:15. The platoon sent to Hill 52 arrived before dawn on the 30th, the rest of the forces somewhat later, though Sato had intended to move everybody across the river by the early hours. On the 29th the engineer regiment commander, Kobayashi, had also arrived at Shikai. He ordered Captain Tomura to handle the crossing in the vicinity of Sozan, as well as preparations for a future offensive with the main body. When Kobayashi reached Kucheng, he learned from Hirahara not only about the front-line situation but also about Sato's important plans: "The K. Sato force is going to cross the river tonight, 29–30 July. A night attack will be launched against Changkufeng on the night of 30–31 July." Kobayashi issued orders to his two commanders to assist the crossing by Nakano's infantry unit, 1st Battalion, 75th Regiment at Matsu'otsuho and Sozan, and, in addition, to cooperate with the position attack by Nakano and help in the assault at Hill 52. Most of these young officers, such as Seutaka dishing out orders were performing what the Japanese termed "dokudan senko" or "arbitrary or independent action". Japanese operational regulations actually contained a section dealing with dokudan senko, by which initiative, not imperiousness, was meant. Two elements were involved: control but encouragement of self-reliant thinking. This subject became important in training officers, all of whom, including such infantry experts as Suetaka, were well acquainted with the requirements. Combat missions were stipulated in operations orders, but, if these were not realistic, initiative was to come into play, though only when there was no time to contact superiors. By the same token, commanders had to be ready to assume full responsibility if matters turned out adversely. "We were disciples of the 'Moltke' system of AGS control, with dual authority vis-à-vis the local forces and the chief of staff."  The Korea Army's version of events on 29 July, there was no mention of any report received from the division prior to 17:30. Details did not reach Seoul, in the form of printed divisional intelligence reports and operational orders, until 1 August. The late afternoon report from Kyonghun provided the Korea Army authorities with little solid information, but Seoul had to notify higher headquarters immediately. Kitano sent messages to Tokyo and Hsinking at 19:15. The command and Kwantung Army were told that, in addition to Senda's assault party, 40 Japanese soldiers were deployed west of Changkufeng and at Yangkuanping. The division's main forces had begun the rail pullback from the 28th, leaving behind only two infantry battalions and a mountain artillery battalion for the time being. At 21:20 on 29 July, Korea Army Headquarters received the text of Suetaka's full report, which concluded: "With a view toward a possible emergency, the division suspended movement back of the 75th Regiment and is making necessary arrangements to have them advance instead. The latest affair derives sheerly from the enemy's unlawful challenge. It is my firm belief that the nature of this incident differs completely from the one at Changkufeng and should be handled separately. At present, since communication with the forward lines is not good, Lieutenant Colonel Senda (who is at the front) has been entrusted with command, but I assume entire responsibility for the consequences." Instead of boarding their trains at Agochi, Sato's regiment and supporting engineers moved to the Manchurian side of the Tumen as soon as possible. Suetaka called Sato's 2nd Battalion to Kyonghun as divisional reserve. Subsequent dispatches claimed that: (1) Senda's unit, which had driven off intruders in the Shachaofeng area once, was engaged against new Soviet forces (sent at 18:20, 29th);  (2) Senda's unit had expelled trespassers, and a combat situation had developed near Shachaofeng (22:00, 29th);  (3) fighting was going on in the vicinity of Shachaofeng (06:40, 30th).  Korea Army Headquarters, however, obtained no more important communication concerning the events of 29 July than a report, sent that evening by Suetaka, that revealed his concern about a possible Soviet attack in the Wuchiatzu sector near the neck of the long Changkufeng appendix.  After the clash at Shachaofeng, a general officer, Morimoto, happened to be visiting Colonels Okido and Tanaka in Nanam. Both of them were said to be of the pronounced opinion that no troubles ought to be provoked with the USSR while the critical Hankow operation lay ahead; yet Suetaka apparently had some intention of striking at the Soviet intruders, using the 75th Regiment. They urged that this policy not be adopted and that Suetaka be approached directly; the channel through Y. Nakamura, the division chief of staff, was hopeless. Although in agreement, General Morimoto declined to approach Suetaka; since the latter seemed to have made up his mind, it would be inappropriate to "meddle" with his command. Suetaka was functioning as an operations chief at that time. Apart from the mobilization staff officer, who was not enthusiastic about aggressive action, the only other officer who may have affected the decisionmaking process was the Hunchun OSS chief, Maj. Tanaka Tetsujiro, a positive type who shared Suetaka's views and was probably with him on the 29th as well as 30th. Although developments at Suetaka's command post were known more as the result of silence than of elucidation, we possessed considerable information about thinking at the Korea Army level: "Suetaka contacted us only after his men had driven out the enemy near Shachaofeng. Till then, the front had been relatively quiet and we were of the opinion all or most of the deployed forces were on their way home. We at Seoul had no foreknowledge of or connection with the 29 July affair. Reports came in; we never sent specific orders. Triggered by the affray at Shachaofeng, the division attacked on its own initiative. It was our understanding that very small Japanese forces had been committed to evict a dozen enemy scouts and that, when a platoon of ours got atop the hill, they observed surprisingly huge hostile concentrations to the rear. This was probably why the platoon pulied back, although much has been made of the desire to obey the nonaggravation policy to the letter. We at Seoul felt that this was a troublesome matter—that our side had done something unnecessary. When the division finally made its report, the army had to reach some decision. There were two irreconcilable ways of looking at things. We might condemn what had been done, and the division ought to be ordered to pull out promptly, having arbitrarily and intolerably acted against the known facts that Imperial sanction for use of force had been withheld and Tokyo had directed evacuation of the moved-up units. The opposing, eventually predominant view was that the division commander's course of action ought to be approved. Perusal of small-scale maps of the locale indicated a clear violation of the frontier, something not proved in the case of Changkufeng. We shared the division commander's interpretation. His BGU had its mission, and he was acting with foresight to solve matters positively and on his own, since he was the man closest to the problem. General Nakamura felt that the latest development was inevitable; our units did not cross the Tumen until the Soviets attacked us in force. Therefore, the division's actions were approved and a report was rendered promptly to Tokyo. It could be said that our outlook served to "cover" the division commander, in a way. But if IGHQ had ordered us to desist, we would have".  Nakamura added: "I was of the opinion the only solution was to drive the Soviet troops outside Manchukuoan territory; therefore, I approved the action by the division." Such sanction had been granted on the basis of information supplied to Seoul by Suetaka on the evening of 29 July, again post facto. At 01:20 on the 30th, Nakamura wired Suetaka a message characterized by gracious phrasing that suggested his grave concern: "One ought to be satisfied with expelling from Manchurian territory the enemy attacking our unit on the . . . heights southwest of Shachaofeng. It is necessary to keep watch on the enemy for the time being, after having pulled back to the heights mentioned above, but we desire that matters be handled carefully to avoid enlargement; in case the foe has already pulled back south of Shachaofeng . . . he need not be attacked." Nakamura also sent a wire to the AGS chief, the War Minister, and the Kwantung Army commander. After conveying the information received from Suetaka, Nakamura continued: "In spite of the fact that our troops have been patient and cautious . . . this latest incident [near Shachaofeng] started with Soviet forces' arrogant border trespassing and . . . unlawful challenge. Therefore, I am convinced that this affair must be dealt with separately from the incident at Changkufeng. Nevertheless, I shall endeavor to handle matters so that the incident will not spread and shall make it my fundamental principle to be satisfied with evicting from Manchurian territory the hostile forces confronting us. The Korea Army chief of staff is being dispatched quickly to handle the incident".  The Korea Army, "painfully slow to act," says a Kwantung Army major, was merely the intermediary link, the executor of Tokyo's desires. In the case of remote Shachaofeng, there was an inevitable gap between on-the-spot occurrences and AGS reactions. By then, Arisue, Kotani, and Arao, Inada's observers, had returned to Japan—an important fact, given the "Moltke" system of staff control. Nevertheless, their return must have exerted significant effects on central operational thinking. Kotani remembered that his AGS subsection had given him a welcome-home party on the night of 29 July when an emergency phone call was received from the duty officer. "It was about the clash at Shachaofeng. The festivities came to an abrupt end and I headed for the office. From then till the cease-fire on 11 August, I remained at the AGS night and day." Since the 19th Division had furnished higher headquarters with minimal information, Tokyo, like Seoul, had only a few ostensible facts to act upon. But this had been the first combat test for the Korea Army, which needed all the encouragement and assistance possible. Although Japanese field armies, notably the Kwantung Army, were notorious for insubordination, one could not overemphasize the fact that the Korea Army was meek and tractable. If Nakamura had concluded that Suetaka acted properly (which reports from Seoul indicated), the AGS could hardly demur. It would have been unrealistic to think that Tokyo, although cautious, was "softer" about the Russian problem than front-line forces. There had been no concern over time lags; details were Seoul's province. Reaction took time at every level of the chain of command. Decision making in the Japanese Army had been a many-layered process. The Army general staff had been of the opinion that initial guidance ought to have been provided to the Korea Army soon, particularly since there had been evidence of failure to convey intentions promptly to the front and no high command staff officer remained to direct matters. After hearing from Seoul twice about the Shachaofeng affair, the responsible Army general staff officers conferred at length. Stress had been laid on the indivisibility of the Shachaofeng and Changkufeng incidents. It had also been evident that further information was required. On that basis, a "handling policy for the Shachaofeng Incident" was drafted, and Tada notified the Korea and Kwantung armies accordingly on 30 July. Nakamura had received the telegram at 16:50 and had its contents retransmitted to Kitano, then at Kyonghun: "Shachaofeng Incident is progressing along lines of our policy, leave things to local units, which have been adhering to the principle of nonenlargement. Have them report on front-line situation without fail."  The Army general staff and the Korea Army were calling for prudence, but the division, well down the rungs of the ladder of command, was initiating actions that jeopardized the government's basic policy. Earlier quibbling about restraints on "unit-size" elements crossing into Manchuria had been abandoned after the firefight near Shachaofeng on 29 July. At 15:30, Takenouchi's battalion, part of the 76th Regiment, had been directed to assist Senda near Yangkuanping; at 18:20 Suetaka was ordering the 75th Regiment to head for the Kucheng sector and be ready to assault the Russians in the Changkufeng area. Support was to be provided by Kobayashi's engineers, by Iwano's transportation men, and by Suzuki's heavy guns. Of particular interest had been Suetaka's acceptance of Sato's recommendation that elements be sent to occupy Hill 52, a measure linked with a possible Japanese attack against Changkufeng.   Sato had decided by evening that the new situation required rapid deployment of his forces across the river. At Shikai, he conducted a briefing of his officers. Suetaka's orders conveyed orally by staff officers had stipulated: "The division will take steps to secure the border line immediately, even if the situation undergoes change. The Sato unit will advance immediately to the left shore, reinforce Senda's unit, and maintain a strict watch on the enemy in the Changkufeng area." Around 23:20, the last elements ordered forward arrived at Shikai station. Sato instructed only his headquarters and the Ito company to get off. The rest of the troop train primarily the 1st [Nakano's] Battalion was to move on to Hongui. From there, the soldiers proceeded to the Tumen near Sozan. With his staff and Ito's company, Sato trudged in silence through the mud from Shikai to the shore at Matsu'otsuho, starting at 00:30 and reaching the crossing site at 03:00. Reconnaissance had proved satisfactory, Sato remembered.  At the crossings, the hardworking engineers rowed his 1st and 3rd battalions across, company by company. Near dawn, around 04:30, he traversed the river. The movement had been completed in about an hour. When Sato's infantry finally got across, they proceeded to the skirt of Fangchuanting and assembled in secrecy. Not until about 08:00 did the regimental headquarters, Ito's company, and Hirahara's battalion reach Hill 147, already held by Noguchi's company west of Changkufeng. By then, plans had fallen behind schedule by at least several hours because of difficulties in train movement forward. Sato also remembered torrential rains; other officers mentioned darkness. Members of Nakano's battalion pinpointed a shortage of engineer boats from Kucheng. Engineers rowed some boats downstream during the night, but six of them were kept at Matsu'otsuho. This left only three boats for moving the 400 men of the 1st Battalion, the unit slated to storm Changkufeng, across the river at Sozan. Sato had wanted all of his troops across well before dawn on the 30th. A division staff officer rightly thought that Suetaka had already advised Sato, in secret, to "attack at an opportune time," and that the night of 29–30 July had been intended for the surprise assault. "Perhaps there was not enough time for all the attack preparations." Kobayashi's engineers admitted problems in moving boats to Sozan: "Although the water level had gone up because of daily rains recently, there were still many shallows and the current was irregular. Not only was it hard to move downstream, but dense fog also complicated the work. Nevertheless, the units at both sites were able to accomplish the river-crossing operation approximately as scheduled".  Meanwhile, after reconnoitering Soviet defenses along the Manchurian bank, Suzuki, commander of the 15th Heavy Field Artillery Regiment, crossed the Kyonghun Bridge on 30 July with his 1st Battery and established positions on the edge of Shuiliufeng Hill. Once Captain Narukawa was attached to the 75th Infantry on 29 July, he dispatched his 2nd Battery by train to Shikai that night. Although firing sites had been surveyed northwest of Sho-Sozan, the battery had to traverse two weak, narrow bridges in the darkness. With two 15-centimeter howitzers to haul, plus five caissons and wagons, the unit faced tense moments. The gun sites themselves were worrisome: they were scarcely masked from observation from Changkufeng, and the single road to them from the unloading station ran through a paddy area and was similarly exposed. By 1200 hours on 30 July, Sato exerted operational control over the following units: his own forces, Nakano's battalion east of Fangchuanting; Hirahara's reinforced battalion west of Chiangchunfeng; a platoon from Nakajima's infantry company on Hill 52; and Noguchi's company on Hill 147; and from other forces, Senda's 2nd (Kanda) BGU Company; two reinforced companies from Takenouchi's battalion of Okido's 76th Regiment near Shachaofeng; and a 75-mm half-battery from the 25th Mountain Artillery on the Manchurian side with Sato. On the Korean shore, another half-battery comprising two 15-centimeter howitzers from Narukawa's unit of the 15th Heavy Field Artillery was in place. The 19th Engineers operated near the crossing sites, though one platoon remained at Fangchuanting. Sato said, "We were now deployed at last, to cope with any situation." His command post was set in foxholes on open ground at Chiangchunfeng, a central hill that offered excellent observation and control over actions around Changkufeng to the east and Shachaofeng to the north. Not content with suspending the pullout of units and deploying additional combat troops across the Tumen, Suetaka decided to recall division headquarters, mountain artillery, cavalry, signal, medical, and veterinary personnel from Nanam. At dawn on 30 July, Nanam issued orders for Colonel Tanaka to move 500 men and 300 horses to Agochi by rail; most of the increment came from Tanaka's horse-drawn 25th Mountain Artillery. The colonel reached the Korean side of the Tumen at 05:00 on 31 July. The preceding emergency measures were being implemented by Suetaka, even as he received Nakamura's calming telegram of 30 July enjoining nonexpansion. Changkufeng Hill was not even mentioned. Nakamura's concern was typified by Kitano flying to the front. At 10:00 on 30 July, Kitano sent the division chief of staff a cautious follow-up cable: "Based on the consistent policy for handling the Changkufeng Incident and on the army commander's earlier telegram, kindly take steps to ensure careful action in connection with the affair in the Shachaofeng vicinity lest there be enlargement." At 13:45, Nakamura transmitted another restraining message to Suetaka: "The division is to secure … Chiangchunfeng and … the heights southwest of Shachaofeng, using present front-line units. Unless there is an enemy attack, however, resort to force will depend on separate orders." Several hours later, at 16:50, Nakamura received instructions from Tada: the Shachaofeng case was being left to the local forces, who were pursuing the desired policy of nonenlargement, but prompt reporting was desired. At 19:30, the retransmitted message was received by Kitano, already at the front with Suetaka at Kyonghun. After his units had crossed the Tumen on 30 July, Sato Kotoku ordered a strict watch and directed preparations for an assault based on the plans. He conferred with Senda at Chiangchunfeng and observed the enemy. Even after dawn, the frontline commanders who had crossed the river remained uncertain about when the attack would be staged. While Sato's force conducted reconnaissance to prepare for a daytime offensive, orders arrived around 08:00 indicating, "We intend a night attack, so conceal your activities." Daytime movements were prohibited. Sato then explained the impression he had derived from Senda and the intelligence on which he based his estimates: " Exploiting the impasse in diplomatic negotiation, the enemy side had steadily reinforced front-line offensive strength and trespassed anew near Shachaofeng. They now had a battalion and a half of infantry plus 20 artillery pieces in the area, some south of Shachaofeng and the others at four positions immediately east of Lake Khasan. At least a dozen (maybe 20) tanks were deployed in the sector opposite us. About 300 well-armed, active Russian troops were at Changkufeng. I decided that an attack ought to be staged that night. First of all, we were going to chill the insolent enemy by a courageous night assault—a method characteristic of the Imperial Army. Then all kinds of fire power were to be combined in a surprise attack against the positions. Our intention was to jo lt the Russians, demonstrate the true strength of our combat fire, and, by a combination of night and dawn attacks, cut down losses which our left-flank units would have incurred if a night assault alone were staged. We had considered two plans—a night attack against Changkufeng by the 3rd Battalion from the north, or by the 1st Battalion from the south. On 30 July, I decided to execute the second plan, using my 1st (Nakano's) Battalion, to avoid simultaneous involvement around Shachaofeng where the foe was by now alerted."  The Japanese Army ordinarily favored surprise assaults without supporting guns, since firepower was regarded as secondary in close combat and artillery was in short supply. According to the regimental journal, telephone contacts from the morning of the 30th indicated that the division commander shared the same line of thinking as Sato. By noon, Suetaka made his stance explicit. A phone call from Kucheng conveyed to Sato the gist of a critical division order: first, a detailed briefing on Soviet troop concentrations and dispositions, firing positions, troops, and armor south of Shachaofeng; entanglements and forces at Changkufeng; large concentrations behind west of Khasan; tanks and ground formations moving north of the lake; a heavy concentration near the lake to the northwest; one confirmed and two suspected positions along the eastern shore and another with artillery far to the south. Then the order stated that K. Sato's forces, including the Takenouchi battalion from the 76th Infantry, one mountain artillery platoon, and one engineer platoon were to strengthen their positions and, at the same time, promptly evict from Manchurian territory the intruding and advancing enemy. However, pursuit must not be pushed too far lest the border be crossed. Shortly after noon, Suetaka issued another order to form a new force under Senda, who was to strengthen border security along the Shuiliufeng–Hunchun line. As with Sato, Senda was to eject the intruding and advancing enemy from Manchurian soil but not pursue them across the border. By midafternoon, Sato knew not only what he wanted to do but also Suetaka's intentions. At 15:30, he assembled all subordinate officers at Chiangchunfeng and dictated minute attack instructions. Intelligence indicated that the enemy continued to fortify points of importance along the Changkufeng–Shachaofeng line. Sato's plan was to annihilate hostile elements that had crossed the border north and south of Changkufeng. His concept went beyond a frontal assault. While Nakano's battalion would jump off south of Changkufeng, one reinforced company, Takeshita's 10th was to attack north. Since the sun rose at about 05:00, Sato intended to wipe out the enemy during three hours of darkness. Another battalion, Hirahara's 3rd would be held in reserve, with Ito's 6th Company ready to launch a night attack against Changkufeng from the northwest if necessary. Small forces deployed southeast at Hill 52 were to block the arrival of Soviet reinforcements around the southern shores of Khasan. Only after Changkufeng was secured and fire swept the high ground south of Shachaofeng would a reinforced battalion, Takenouchi's 1st from the 76th Regiment undertake a dawn assault to clear the Russians from that sector. An engineer platoon would assist both the night and dawn assault battalions with obstacle clearing. There would be no artillery support until dawn, when the available guns were to provide maximum coverage. Notably, even the movement of a single antitank gun warranted mention. Sato concluded the attack order by directing that each unit mask its intentions after sunset. Takenouchi was to act to check the enemy as soon as the sun went down. In connection with the dawn barrage against the enemy southwest of Shachaofeng, key personnel were to study the best way to exploit sudden fire described as gale and lightning. They were also to be ready to destroy enemy tanks. A green star shell would be fired to signal the success of the night attack. The code words were shojiki "honesty" and ydmo "bravery". At midnight, the regiment commander would be at the northwest foot of Chiangchunfeng. The order stressed typical night-attack precautions: secrecy and concealment, avoidance of confusion, antitank defense, and flare signaling of success. Sato added his own flair with his daily motto as code words and the reference to "whirlwind" fire. Impending action times were explicitly set when the order was issued at 15:30 on the 30th, more than ten hours before the 1st Battalion was to jump off. The key to success in a night assault lay in an absolute prohibition on firing by their side, and bold, courageous charging. Sato reminded his men that life is granted again after death. Nakano then assembled his company commanders east of Fangchuanting and issued his battalion order at 18:30. A few hours after Sato's briefing of the assault commanders, Suetaka arrived at the 75th Regiment command post. This visit late on 30 July is central to allegations that Sato, not Suetaka, conceived and executed the night attack on his own initiative. Divisional orders giving Sato his core mission had already been conveyed by telephone. After 16:00, Suetaka boarded a motorboat at Kucheng and went to the Manchurian side to verify front-line conditions. Soviet snipers south of Yangkuanping fired several shots, but his craft reached the Matsu'otsuho landing and proceeded to Chiangchunfeng to meet Sato. Sato described the situation: "frontline enemy forces had been reinforced steadily and had begun a vigorous offensive. The foe was provoking us, and the matter had grown very serious. I had already issued orders at 15:30 to take the initiative and deal the enemy a smashing blow." I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. On a frost-bitten dawn by the Chaun and Tumen, Russia and Japan lock eyes over Changkufeng. Diplomats urge restraint, yet Tokyo's generals push a bold gamble: seize a hill with a surprise strike and bargain later. Japanese divisions, engineers, and artillery edge toward the border, while Soviet sentries brace for a confrontation that could widen the war. 

Bill Yom ist Gründer und Kreativchef von Jung von Matt Hangang, einer renommierten Werbe-Agentur in Südkorea. Frank spricht mit dem 49-jährigen Hamburger über harte Arbeits-Anfangsjahre in Seoul, über analoges Miteinander und warum er überhaupt Bill heißt. Über den kompetitiven Spirit koreanischer Eltern, mit welchem Spruch quasi seine Werbe-Karriere begann und wie es ist, deutsch geprägt zu sein und mit Koreans zu arbeiten. Über öffentliche Toiletten, Service-Kleinigkeiten – und was man in Deutschland immer dabei haben muss. (04:30) Passkontrolle (06:50) Klischee-Check (10:45) Analoges Miteinander, Neuer Name, Hip Hop (27:10) Berufsfindung: Rebellion, Korean Identity und ein „Why not?!“ (38:00) Arbeiten als „Banane“ in Seoul: Codes, Konflikte und Kaffee mit Agenda (1:12:45) K-Wave, Party und gemeinsames Leiden (1:25:15) Soul 2 Seoul: Toiletten, Seoul Service und Kyopo Community SUPPORT: Halbe Katoffl unterstützen: https://halbekatoffl.de/unterstuetzen/ Paypal: frank@halbekatoffl.de Steady: https://steady.page/de/halbekatoffl/about Überweisung/ Dauerauftrag: Schreib an frank@halbekatoffl.de | Stichwort: KONTO PODCAST WORKSHOP & BERATUNG https://halbekatoffl.de/workshops/ KONTAKT: frank@halbekatoffl.de

Founded by former Thiel fellows, AI language tutoring app Speak started its journey in Seoul, South Korea. But as it enters the U.S. market, it'll have to compete with better-known rivals like Duolingo. See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Fluent Fiction - Korean: A Seoulful Christmas: Unexpected Magic at Namsan Tower Find the full episode transcript, vocabulary words, and more:fluentfiction.com/ko/episode/2025-12-01-23-34-02-ko Story Transcript:Ko: 남산 서울 타워 근처, 하얀 눈이 가득 쌓였다.En: Near Namsan Seoul Tower, white snow piled up abundantly.Ko: 크리스마스 장식은 반짝이고, 공기는 차갑지만 활기가 넘쳤다.En: Christmas decorations sparkled, and though the air was cold, it was filled with vitality.Ko: 사람들은 웃고, 즐거운 이야기로 가득했다.En: People laughed and shared joyful stories.Ko: 진수는 남산 서울 타워에서 관광 가이드를 하고 있다.En: Jinsu was working as a tour guide at Namsan Seoul Tower.Ko: 그는 열정적이었다.En: He was passionate.Ko: 손님을 맞이하고, 서울의 아름다움을 보여주고 싶었다.En: He wanted to welcome guests and show them the beauty of Seoul.Ko: 오늘의 손님, 숙자는 조용한 여행을 원했다.En: Today's guest, Sukja, wanted a quiet trip.Ko: 그녀는 차분하고 질서 있는 것을 좋아했다.En: She liked things calm and orderly.Ko: "여기, 남산 타워입니다!" 진수가 웃으며 말했다.En: "Here we are, Namsan Tower!" Jinsu said with a smile.Ko: 숙자는 고개를 끄덕이며 주변을 둘러보았다.En: Sukja nodded and looked around.Ko: 둘은 타워 위로 올라갔다.En: The two went up the tower.Ko: 진수는 서울 전체를 보여주고 싶었다.En: Jinsu wanted to show the entirety of Seoul.Ko: "저기 보세요.En: "Look over there.Ko: 난 이게 서울의 매력이라고 생각해요." 진수는 탑에서 보이는 경치를 손으로 가리켰다.En: I think this is Seoul's charm." Jinsu pointed with his hand to the scenery visible from the tower.Ko: 갑자기, 두 사람이 서 있던 곳의 버튼 하나가 눌러졌다.En: Suddenly, a button where the two stood was pressed.Ko: 찰칵! 크리스마스 조명이 눈부시게 켜졌다.En: Click! The Christmas lights turned on dazzlingly.Ko: 놀란 사람들은 모두 그쪽을 바라봤다.En: Startled, everyone looked in that direction.Ko: "어?!" 숙자가 놀란다.En: "What?!" Sukja was surprised.Ko: 진수도 그 상황에 당황했다.En: Jinsu was also flustered by the situation.Ko: 하지만 그는 곧 미소를 지어본다.En: But he soon put on a smile.Ko: "아, 맞다! 이게 바로 서울의 특별한 매력이죠!"En: "Ah, right! This is exactly the special charm of Seoul!"Ko: 사람들은 모여들고, 뜨거운 박수가 터졌다.En: People gathered, and loud applause erupted.Ko: 진수는 자신의 실수를 기회로 바꿨다.En: Jinsu turned his mistake into an opportunity.Ko: "자, 여러분! 크리스마스를 함께 즐깁시다!" 그는 사람들을 이끌며, 작은 축제를 만들어 갔다.En: "Everyone, let's enjoy Christmas together!" He led the people, creating a small celebration.Ko: 숙자는 처음엔 놀랐지만, 진수의 태도에 마음이 변했다.En: Sukja, initially surprised, was swayed by Jinsu's attitude.Ko: 공기가 축제 분위기로 가득 찼고, 그녀도 즐겁게 참여했다.En: The air filled with a festive atmosphere, and she joined in happily.Ko: "정말 뜻밖의 경험이었어요." 숙자가 미소 지으며 말했다.En: "It was really an unexpected experience," Sukja said with a smile.Ko: "당신은 좋은 가이드네요."En: "You are a good guide."Ko: 진수는 숙자가 웃는 것을 보고, 자신감이 생겼다.En: Seeing Sukja smile gave Jinsu confidence.Ko: 그는 이제 더 자유롭고, 열정적으로 일을 할 수 있을 것 같았다.En: He felt he could now work more freely and passionately.Ko: 진수와 숙자는 서울의 반짝이는 밤하늘을 보며 따뜻한 겨울밤을 즐겼다.En: Jinsu and Sukja enjoyed the sparkling night sky of Seoul, cherishing the warm winter evening.Ko: 이날, 둘은 깨달았다.En: That day, they realized that unexpected moments make life shine brighter.Ko: 예기치 않은 순간이 삶을 더 빛나게 한다는 것을.En: Unexpected moments make life shine brighter. Vocabulary Words:abundantly: 가득vitality: 활기passionate: 열정적calm: 차분orderly: 질서 있는entirety: 전체scenery: 경치visible: 보이는dazzlingly: 눈부시게startled: 놀란flustered: 당황opportunity: 기회applause: 박수eruption: 터졌다swayed: 변했다attitude: 태도festive: 축제 분위기unexpected: 뜻밖의confidence: 자신감cherishing: 즐겼다realized: 깨달았다sparkled: 반짝이는pile: 쌓였다gesture: 가리켰다acknowledgment: 고개를 끄덕이며flourish: 활기brighter: 더 빛나게sparkling: 반짝이는charm: 매력celebration: 축제

Send us your feedback — we're listeningPsalm 23:1–4 — “The Lord Is My Shepherd” Prayer for Peace in Uncertainty and Guidance for the FuturePsalm 23:1–4 (NIV) “The Lord is my shepherd, I lack nothing. He makes me lie down in green pastures… Even though I walk through the darkest valley, I will fear no evil, for you are with me.” Recorded live here in London, England with Reverend Ben CooperAcross the world people search for calm, reassurance, clarity, and direction when life feels uncertain. From London to Toronto, from Toronto to Nairobi, from Nairobi to Seoul, from Seoul to Brisbane, millions look for a shepherding presence to steady their emotions and guide their decisions. Psalm 23 remains one of the most globally searched scriptures in seasons of anxiety, fear, and confusion. God leads with peace when the path feels unclear; His presence brings rest when the mind feels shaken; His guidance remains steady when circumstances shift. Today we pray for those seeking reassurance, inner settling, and direction for the days ahead. The Good Shepherd remains faithful, leading His people step by step.Prayer Points Prayer for peace in uncertainty, prayer for calm in emotional storms, prayer for clarity in decision-making, prayer for rest when overwhelmed, prayer for courage in dark valleys, prayer for trust in God's guidance, prayer for renewed confidence in God's plan, prayer for stillness over anxious thoughts, prayer for assurance of God's nearness, prayer for stability in shifting circumstancesLife Application Speak Psalm 23:1–4 aloud today and allow the Shepherd to guide every step. Lean into His presence and let His peace direct your decisions.Declaration I declare that the Lord is my Shepherd, and He leads me with peace through every uncertainty.Call to Action Share and subscribe to journey with us through the full daily ARC of prayer and visit DailyPrayer.uk for global devotional encouragement.psalm 23, prayer for peace, guidance from god, dailyprayer.uk, emotional calm christian, uncertain times prayer, god my shepherd, trust in god's leading, scripture for anxiety, night time comfort prayerSupport the showFor more inspiring content, visit RBChristianRadio.net — your home for daily devotionals, global prayer, and biblical encouragement for every season of life. We invite you to connect with our dedicated prayer hub at DailyPrayer.uk — a place where believers from every nation unite in prayer around the clock. If you need prayer, or would like to leave a request, this is the place to come. Our mission is simple: to pray with you, to stand with you, and to keep the power of prayer at the centre of everyday life. Your support through DailyPrayer.uk helps us continue sharing the gospel and covering the nations in prayer. You can also discover our ministry services and life celebrations at LifeCelebrant.net — serving families with faith, dignity, and hope. If this devotional blesses you, please consider supporting our listener-funded mission by buying us a coffee through RBChristianRadio.net. Every prayer, every gift, and every share helps us keep broadcasting God's Word to the world.

작성자: 최정윤, Tannith KrielWhat drove Korea's school meal workers out of the kitchen?기사 요약: 학교 급식실 노동자들이 파업에 나서 학생들이 대체식을 먹는 가운데, 노동자들은 낮은 임금과 강도 높은 업무가 자신들의 건강까지 위협하고 있다고 주장했다.[1] School cooks and other nonregular school staff began a nationwide walkout last week, calling for improved wages, pay during school breaks and better welfare. But the workers say these demands, while important, only skim the surface of what pushed thousands to walk out of Korea's schools.walkout: 파업 (=strike)A walkout is a spontaneous or planned protest where workers leave their jobs together, while a strike is a more formal, organized work stoppage, often with a specific union vote and no set end dateskim: 훑어보다, 표면을 스치다[2] The school staff strike has been sparked by a deeper crisis, they say — one shaped by toxic working environments that treat the workers responsible for feeding Korea's children as second-class citizens.treat: 어떤 태도로 대하다, 대접하다 / 선물, 간식[3] The workers say they have suffered years of breathing carcinogenic fumes, fainting in overheated kitchens, returning to work with lingering injuries and watching coworkers fall ill, sometimes fatally.carcinogenic: 발암성의, 암을 유발하는faint: 기절하다lingering: 오래 끄는, 사라지지 않는[4] They cite the case of a Seoul school cafeteria worker in her 50s, who learned she had lung cancer in 2023 after a CT scan. Doctors suggested it was caused by cooking fumes generated during frying and high-heat food preparation. The World Health Organization classifies these cooking emissions as probably carcinogenic.cite: 예를 들다기사 원문: https://www.koreaherald.com/article/10622632

Fluent Fiction - Korean: Secret Santa Sparks: A Seoul Office Holiday Romance Find the full episode transcript, vocabulary words, and more:fluentfiction.com/ko/episode/2025-11-30-08-38-20-ko Story Transcript:Ko: 서울의 한 바쁜 회사 사무실.En: A busy office in Seoul.Ko: 가을의 끝자락에 접어든 늦가을, 겨울을 준비하는 분위기가 사무실에 가득했다.En: It was late autumn, at the tail end of fall, and the atmosphere in the office was filled with preparations for winter.Ko: 직원들은 연말을 맞아 책상 위에 작은 장식을 올리고, 회의실은 반짝이는 조명과 선물로 가득한 테이블로 장식되었다.En: The employees decorated their desks with small ornaments for the end of the year, and the meeting room was adorned with a table full of twinkling lights and gifts.Ko: 바로 '시크릿 산타'가 시작되었다.En: It was the beginning of 'Secret Santa.'Ko: 진우는 마케팅 매니저였다.En: Jinwoo was a marketing manager.Ko: 그는 조용하고 사려 깊은 사람이었다.En: He was a quiet and thoughtful person.Ko: 하지만, 속마음에는 디자이너 한아에 대한 비밀스러운 감정을 품고 있었다.En: However, deep inside, he harbored secret feelings for a designer named Hana.Ko: 한아는 활기차고 긍정적인 성격의 소유자였다.En: Hana had a lively and positive personality.Ko: 그녀는 이번 시크릿 산타 이벤트를 누구보다 기대하고 있었다.En: She was looking forward to this Secret Santa event more than anyone.Ko: 그리고 끝없이 일을 해내는 프로젝트 매니저 민지는 열정적이고 성과에 대한 욕심이 가득했다.En: Meanwhile, the endlessly hard-working project manager Minji was filled with passion and a strong desire for success.Ko: 진우는 한아를 위한 완벽한 선물을 찾고 싶었다.En: Jinwoo wanted to find the perfect gift for Hana.Ko: 그의 감정을 은근히 표현하고 싶었지만, 직접적으로 말하기엔 너무 쑥스러웠다.En: He wanted to subtly express his feelings but was too shy to say it directly.Ko: 그는 여러 아이디어를 떠올렸다가 다시 놓기를 반복했다.En: He repeatedly came up with and discarded various ideas.Ko: 마음에 들지 않아 불안해하는 매일이었다.En: It was a daily struggle filled with anxiety over not finding the right one.Ko: 하루는 사무실에서 모두의 책상 위에 놓인 장식들을 보며 진우는 한아의 관심사를 떠올렸다.En: One day, Jinwoo recalled Hana's interests while looking at the decorations on everyone's desks.Ko: 크리스마스 장식, 스타벅스 커피 머그잔, 그리고 작은 생화들이 눈에 들어왔다.En: Christmas decorations, Starbucks coffee mugs, and small live plants caught his eye.Ko: 그것으로 진우는 결심했다.En: With that, Jinwoo made up his mind.Ko: 그는 한아가 좋아할 만한 작은 화분을 준비하기로 했다.En: He decided to prepare a small plant that Hana would like.Ko: 그리고 그 위에 손수 만든 카드와 메시지를 추가했다.En: He then added a handmade card and message on top.Ko: 시크릿 산타의 날, 직원들은 회의실에 모였다.En: On Secret Santa day, the employees gathered in the meeting room.Ko: 회의실은 웃음소리와 선물을 교환하는 소리로 가득 찼다.En: The room was filled with the sound of laughter and the exchanging of gifts.Ko: 드디어 한아의 차례가 왔다.En: Finally, it was Hana's turn.Ko: 그녀의 눈이 반짝였다.En: Her eyes sparkled.Ko: 진우가 준비한 선물상자를 조심스럽게 열어보았다.En: She carefully opened the gift box that Jinwoo had prepared.Ko: 작은 화분과 진우의 손글씨가 적힌 카드를 보고 한아의 얼굴에 미소가 번졌다.En: Seeing the small plant and Jinwoo's handwritten card, a smile spread across Hana's face.Ko: "진우 씨가 준비한 거예요?" 한아는 눈을 반짝이며 물었다.En: "Did Jinwoo prepare this?" Hana asked with shining eyes.Ko: 진우는 얼굴이 빨개지며 고개를 끄덕였다.En: Blushing, Jinwoo nodded.Ko: 시크릿 산타가 끝난 후, 진우는 용기를 내어 한아에게 다가갔다.En: After Secret Santa ended, Jinwoo mustered up the courage to approach Hana.Ko: "한아 씨, 커피 한 잔 하실래요?" 그가 말했다.En: "Would you like to have a cup of coffee?" he asked.Ko: 한아는 환하게 미소 지으며 대답했다. "좋아요!"En: Hana answered with a bright smile, "Sure!"Ko: 진우는 마음 속의 짐 하나가 내려간 느낌이었다.En: Jinwoo felt as if a burden had been lifted from his heart.Ko: 이번 이벤트는 진우에게 용기를 주었다.En: This event had given him courage.Ko: 그는 완벽함보다는 진솔한 감정이 더 큰 힘을 가질 수 있음을 깨달았던 것이었다.En: He realized that sincere emotions could be more powerful than perfection.Ko: 사무실 안의 작은 연말 파티는 또 다른 시작을 열어주었다.En: The small year-end party in the office opened up another beginning. Vocabulary Words:autumn: 가을ornaments: 장식adorned: 장식되었다harbored: 품고 있었다lively: 활기찬passion: 열정discarded: 놓기를 반복했다anxiety: 불안recall: 떠올렸다interests: 관심사handmade: 손수 만든twinkling: 반짝이는sparkled: 반짝였다turn: 차례sparkle: 반짝mustered up: 용기를 내어courage: 용기bright: 환하게burden: 짐heart: 마음sincere: 진솔한emotions: 감정perfection: 완벽success: 성과struggle: 매일이었다prepare: 준비realized: 깨달았다exchange: 교환message: 메시지party: 파티

Send us your feedback — we're listeningIsaiah 40:31 (NIV) “But those who hope in the Lord will renew their strength. They will soar on wings like eagles; they will run and not grow weary, they will walk and not be faint.” Recorded live here in London, England with Reverend Ben Cooper  Strength fades in seasons of pressure, exhaustion, and emotional overload, and this scripture remains one of the most globally searched promises of renewal. From London to Sydney, from Sydney to Toronto, from Toronto to Seoul, from Seoul to Johannesburg, millions look for fresh strength when life feels heavy. Isaiah 40:31 speaks directly to tired hearts and weary minds, reminding believers that human strength may run low, but God's strength does not. Those who place their hope in Him rise above pressure, walk through difficulty, and continue with renewed endurance. Today we pray for those battling fatigue, spiritual heaviness, physical weakness, or relentless demands. God renews, God lifts, and God empowers. His strength becomes the foundation when our own capacity feels emptied.Prayer Points Prayer for renewed strength, prayer for endurance under pressure, prayer for courage to continue, prayer for energy in physical weakness, prayer for emotional resilience, prayer for spiritual refreshing through the Holy Spirit, prayer for steady faith in demanding seasons, prayer for clarity when feeling drained, prayer for perseverance through trials, prayer for God's power to sustain every stepLife Application Speak Isaiah 40:31 aloud when strength begins to fade. Place your hope in God and allow Him to renew your energy, confidence, and endurance.Declaration I declare that the Lord renews my strength and sustains me through every season.Call to Action Share and subscribe to stay connected to the full daily ARC and visit DailyPrayer.uk for global devotional encouragement.isaiah 4031, prayer for strength, prayer for endurance, dailyprayer.uk, spiritual renewal christian, weary heart prayer, emotional resilience scripture, god renews strength, perseverance prayer, christian devotionalSupport the showFor more inspiring content, visit RBChristianRadio.net — your home for daily devotionals, global prayer, and biblical encouragement for every season of life. We invite you to connect with our dedicated prayer hub at DailyPrayer.uk — a place where believers from every nation unite in prayer around the clock. If you need prayer, or would like to leave a request, this is the place to come. Our mission is simple: to pray with you, to stand with you, and to keep the power of prayer at the centre of everyday life. Your support through DailyPrayer.uk helps us continue sharing the gospel and covering the nations in prayer. You can also discover our ministry services and life celebrations at LifeCelebrant.net — serving families with faith, dignity, and hope. If this devotional blesses you, please consider supporting our listener-funded mission by buying us a coffee through RBChristianRadio.net. Every prayer, every gift, and every share helps us keep broadcasting God's Word to the world.

Nante Japan's review of September and October 2025, featuring segments on the Snow Man pop up in Seoul, Awich's Central Park concert, Expo 2025 Osaka, f5ve's Taco Bell collaboration, and more.

Send us your feedback — we're listeningJoshua 1:9 (NIV) “Have I not commanded you? Be strong and courageous. Do not be afraid; do not be discouraged, for the Lord your God will be with you wherever you go.” Recorded live here in London, England with Reverend Ben CooperCourage is rising as one of the most globally searched spiritual needs, especially in seasons of pressure, fatigue, emotional strain, and the desire to keep going. From London to New York, from New York to Seoul, from Seoul to Nairobi, from Nairobi to Toronto, millions search for strength, boldness, and renewed confidence when life feels overwhelming. Joshua 1:9 remains a world-leading scripture for perseverance and courage, reminding believers that God's presence, not human willpower, sustains the heart. This verse is highlighted, shared, and prayed across continents every day, especially when people face difficult decisions, uncertainty, responsibility, or spiritual battles. Today we step into courage—not as a feeling, but as a command rooted in God's nearness. Where fear tries to weaken the heart, Christ strengthens it. Where discouragement attempts to drain confidence, the Holy Spirit fills it again. Courage comes from the God who never leaves, never fails, and never steps back from His people.Prayer Points Prayer for courage to rise in the heart today, prayer for holy boldness to stand firm, prayer for strength in emotional and spiritual fatigue, prayer for confidence in Christ's presence, prayer for resilience in trial and pressure, prayer for clarity in difficult decisions, prayer for bold obedience to God's leading, prayer for fear to lose its grip, prayer for the Holy Spirit to empower every step, prayer for unwavering faith to press forwardLife Application Speak Joshua 1:9 aloud today and step into situations with the certainty that God is with you. Let His presence become your courage and His strength become your confidence.Declaration I declare that I will be strong and courageous, for the Lord my God is with me wherever I go.Call to Action Share and subscribe to continue through today's Victory ARC and visit DailyPrayer.uk for global devotional encouragement.joshua 19, prayer for courage, strength to keep going, dailyprayer.uk, holy boldness prayer, christian courage help, be strong and courageous, god is with me, overcoming fear christian, holy spirit empowermentSupport the showFor more inspiring content, visit RBChristianRadio.net — your home for daily devotionals, global prayer, and biblical encouragement for every season of life. We invite you to connect with our dedicated prayer hub at DailyPrayer.uk — a place where believers from every nation unite in prayer around the clock. If you need prayer, or would like to leave a request, this is the place to come. Our mission is simple: to pray with you, to stand with you, and to keep the power of prayer at the centre of everyday life. Your support through DailyPrayer.uk helps us continue sharing the gospel and covering the nations in prayer. You can also discover our ministry services and life celebrations at LifeCelebrant.net — serving families with faith, dignity, and hope. If this devotional blesses you, please consider supporting our listener-funded mission by buying us a coffee through RBChristianRadio.net. Every prayer, every gift, and every share helps us keep broadcasting God's Word to the world.

Send us your feedback — we're listeningPsalm 27:1 (NIV) “The Lord is my light and my salvation—whom shall I fear? The Lord is the stronghold of my life—of whom shall I be afraid?” Recorded live here in London, England with Reverend Ben CooperAs night settles across the nations, millions search for reassurance, calm, and emotional strength. From London to Seoul, from Seoul to Toronto, from Toronto to Nairobi, from Nairobi to Buenos Aires, people seek a sense of safety, confidence, and peace when the mind grows weary. Psalm 27:1 remains one of the most globally prayed and highlighted verses at night because it redirects the heart from fear to confidence, from stress to strength, from uncertainty to the security of God's presence. Tonight we stand on this scripture and declare that God is our light in darkness, our salvation in trouble, and our stronghold when life feels fragile. Fear may attempt to rise, but God's voice rises higher. His presence surrounds, strengthens, and steadies every believer seeking peace.Prayer Points Prayer for peace to settle over the night, prayer for confidence instead of fear, prayer for God's presence to guard the home, prayer for emotional rest, prayer for reassurance in uncertainty, prayer for the Holy Spirit to quiet anxious thoughts, prayer for inner strength and stability, prayer for clarity for tomorrow, prayer for trust in God's protection, prayer for a calm and peaceful nightLife Application Speak Psalm 27:1 aloud tonight and let it become your confidence. Rest knowing that God surrounds you with His strength and His salvation.Declaration I declare that the Lord is my light, my salvation, and the stronghold of my life — I will not be afraid.Call to Action Share and subscribe to complete today's Victory ARC and visit DailyPrayer.uk for global devotional encouragement.psalm 271, night time peace prayer, dailyprayer.uk, christian confidence, god is my light, emotional calm christian, fear and faith, peaceful night prayer, holy spirit comfort, trust in god's protectionSupport the showFor more inspiring content, visit RBChristianRadio.net — your home for daily devotionals, global prayer, and biblical encouragement for every season of life. We invite you to connect with our dedicated prayer hub at DailyPrayer.uk — a place where believers from every nation unite in prayer around the clock. If you need prayer, or would like to leave a request, this is the place to come. Our mission is simple: to pray with you, to stand with you, and to keep the power of prayer at the centre of everyday life. Your support through DailyPrayer.uk helps us continue sharing the gospel and covering the nations in prayer. You can also discover our ministry services and life celebrations at LifeCelebrant.net — serving families with faith, dignity, and hope. If this devotional blesses you, please consider supporting our listener-funded mission by buying us a coffee through RBChristianRadio.net. Every prayer, every gift, and every share helps us keep broadcasting God's Word to the world.

What if a great music career isn't either–or but yes–and? The Cello Sherpa Podcast Host, Joel Dallow, sits down with violinist Eunice Kim to explore how a childhood steeped in sound turned into a life that balances the intimacy of chamber music, the rigor of orchestral work, and the freedom of solo projects. From a seven-year-old debut in Seoul to the charged Saturdays at the San Francisco Conservatory prep division and the whirlwind of Aspen Music Festival, Eunice learned early to juggle scope and to listen as intensely as she plays.That mindset prepared her for the Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra, a conductorless ensemble where every rehearsal is chamber music at scale. Eunice shares what it takes to thrive in that environment: crisp time management, shared leadership, and the courage to contribute without crowding the room. We talk through her unusual path into the SPCO—from recruitment play-ins to a recital-style audition heavy on chamber interaction—and why fit matters as much as chops. She pulls back the curtain on section size, rotating seats, balancing the hall's acoustics, and how “wearing different hats” each week keeps her learning and inspired.Outside the orchestra, Eunice maps out a modern approach to projects, programming, and management. After formative years with Astral Artists, she connected with Jonathan Wentworth Associates by pairing thoughtful repertoire with authentic stage presence, then shaped a partnership that respects her SPCO home base. We dig into how programs get built, why presenters chase narrative and variety, and how collaborations—from piano sonatas to a violin–double bass duo—can open doors. Her advice to young players is frank and generous: stay curious, try things twice, understand how organizations work, advocate clearly, and protect your energy to avoid burnout.Subscribe for more conversations that demystify auditions, artist–manager relationships, and the real craft of making a sustainable, creative life in music. If this resonated, share it with a friend and leave a review to help others find the show.For more information on Eunice Kim: https://www.eunicekimviolin.com/You can also find Eunice on Instagram and Facebook: @eunipaloooozaIf you are looking for in person/virtual cello lessons, or orchestral repertoire audition coachings, check out www.theCelloSherpa.comFollow us on Facebook, Instagram, Threads & YouTube: @theCelloSherpaFor more information on our sponsor: www.CLEAResources.com 

It is easier to be charitable than it is to be kind. Charity requires a coin; kindness requires a piece of ourselves. In this episode of Thinking Out Loud, we take a deep, philosophical dive into four stories of winter connection. We look at a bakery window in Paris, a metro station in Prague, a frozen mountain border, and a riverside bench in Seoul. We ask the difficult questions: Why do we prefer to give leftovers rather than offer a seat at the table? Why is grief forbidden during the holidays? And how do we learn to see the "indigo" history of the people we rush past every day? Join me as we dismantle the invisible walls we build to keep the cold—and each other—out. Support Danny on Patreon Buy When the Bells Stop Ringing as a gift for you or for those you love: 

Fluent Fiction - Korean: Surviving Together: The Calm Amid Seoul's Unexpected Crisis Find the full episode transcript, vocabulary words, and more:fluentfiction.com/ko/episode/2025-11-28-08-38-19-ko Story Transcript:Ko: 서울은 늦가을이었다.En: It was late autumn in Seoul.Ko: 하늘은 잿빛이며, 나무들은 풍성한 단풍을 토해내는 듯했다.En: The sky was ashen, and the trees seemed to be spewing out a rich array of autumn leaves.Ko: 그러나 도시 전역에서 정전이 발생했다.En: However, a power outage occurred throughout the city.Ko: 진우와 혜미는 서울 지하 벙커에 갇히게 되었다.En: Jinwoo and Hyemi found themselves trapped in an underground bunker in Seoul.Ko: 이들은 원래 비상 대책 훈련 중이었다.En: They were originally there for an emergency preparedness drill.Ko: 벙커는 차가운 콘크리트 벽과 금속 벤치로 둘러싸여 있었다.En: The bunker was surrounded by cold concrete walls and metal benches.Ko: 어둠 속에서 비상 용품들이 벽을 따라 쌓여 있어, 언제 사용할지 모르는 긴장감을 더했다.En: In the darkness, emergency supplies were stacked along the wall, adding to the tension of not knowing when they might be needed.Ko: 진우는 긴장을 풀기 위해 숨을 깊게 들이마셨다.En: Jinwoo took a deep breath to calm his nerves.Ko: 그의 마음속에는 자신이 이 위기를 잘 해결할 수 있을지에 대한 두려움이 자리 잡고 있었다.En: He harbored a fear inside his mind about whether he could handle this crisis well.Ko: 그러나 그는 동료들의 안전을 책임져야 했다.En: However, he knew he had to ensure the safety of his colleagues.Ko: 혜미는 벙커의 상황을 기록하기 위해 카메라를 준비했다.En: Hyemi prepared a camera to document the situation in the bunker.Ko: 그녀는 이 혼란 속에서 큰 이야기를 발견하려 했다.En: She hoped to uncover a big story amid this chaos.Ko: 그런 기사는 그녀의 커리어에 큰 도움이 될 것이다.En: Such an article would greatly benefit her career.Ko: 그녀는 자신이 자주 무시당한다고 느꼈지만, 여기서 그녀는 뭔가 특별한 것을 찾아내고 싶었다.En: Although she often felt overlooked, here she wanted to discover something special.Ko: 커뮤니케이션 시스템이 고장 나고, 벙커 안의 사람들은 점점 불안해졌다.En: With the communication system failing, the people in the bunker grew increasingly anxious.Ko: 진우는 사람들을 차분히 앉히고, 안전이 최우선임을 강조했다.En: Jinwoo sat them down calmly, emphasizing that safety was the top priority.Ko: "당황하지 마세요. 저희는 괜찮습니다," 그가 말했다.En: "Don't panic. We are okay," he said.Ko: 그의 목소리는 차분했지만, 내면의 불안은 떨쳐내기 어려웠다.En: His voice was calm, but it was hard to shake off his inner anxiety.Ko: 반면에 혜미는 자신만의 방식을 고수하고 있었다.En: On the other hand, Hyemi adhered to her own method.Ko: 그녀는 진우를 따라가며 그의 모든 움직임을 기록했다.En: She followed Jinwoo, documenting his every move.Ko: "제가 옆에서 도울게요," 혜미가 자신의 의도를 밝혔다.En: "I'll help you out," she expressed her intention.Ko: 문제는 갑자기 발생했다.En: Then a problem suddenly arose.Ko: 환기 시스템이 오작동을 일으켰다.En: The ventilation system malfunctioned.Ko: 공기는 점점 무거워졌고, 사람들은 숨쉬기 어려워했다.En: The air grew heavier, and people began to struggle to breathe.Ko: 진우는 빠르게 행동해야 했다.En: Jinwoo had to act quickly.Ko: "도구가 필요해요!" 그가 외쳤다.En: "I need tools!" he shouted.Ko: 혜미는 곧바로 도구함을 열며 진우에게 전달했다.En: Hyemi immediately opened the toolbox and handed it to Jinwoo.Ko: 그 순간, 두 사람은 하나가 되어 문제 해결에 집중했다.En: At that moment, the two became one, focusing on solving the problem.Ko: 진우의 손은 상자 안을 이리저리 훑었고, 혜미는 침착하게 그의 곁을 지켰다.En: Jinwoo's hands searched through the box, while Hyemi remained calmly at his side.Ko: 서로의 도움으로, 진우는 결국 환기 시스템을 복구했다.En: With each other's help, Jinwoo eventually restored the ventilation system.Ko: 숨을 크게 들이쉬며, 벙커 안 사람들은 다시 편안한 숨을 쉴 수 있게 되었다.En: Taking a big breath, the people in the bunker could breathe easily again.Ko: 그리고 얼마 지나지 않아 전기가 돌아왔다.En: Before long, the electricity came back.Ko: 모든 사람들은 환호성을 질렀다.En: Everyone cheered.Ko: 혜미는 진우의 침착한 리더십을 글로 써내려 갔다.En: Hyemi wrote down Jinwoo's calm leadership.Ko: 그 순간 그녀는 깨달았다. 때로는 누군가의 이야기를 진심으로 드러내는 것이 가장 진귀한 이야기임을.En: At that moment, she realized that sometimes sincerely revealing someone's story is the rarest story of all.Ko: 진우는 자신이 할 수 있다는 자신감을 얻었다.En: Jinwoo gained confidence in his abilities.Ko: 또한, 도움의 중요성을 새삼 깨달았다.En: He also realized anew the importance of help.Ko: 혜미는 그 이야기가 다른 이야기를 빛나게 할 수 있다는 사실을 알아갔다.En: Hyemi came to understand that one story can illuminate other stories.Ko: 두 사람은 이제 전에 없이 더 큰 확신과 깨달음을 가지고 있었다.En: The two of them now carried more confidence and insight than ever before. Vocabulary Words:ashen: 잿빛spewing: 토해내는array: 나열power outage: 정전bunker: 벙커preparedness: 대책surrounded: 둘러싸여nerves: 긴장harbored: 자리 잡고colleagues: 동료document: 기록chaos: 혼란overlooked: 무시당하는uncover: 찾아내는communication: 커뮤니케이션anxious: 불안한panicked: 당황한adhered: 고수했다ventilation: 환기malfunctioned: 오작동을 일으켰다illuminate: 빛나게 하다insight: 깨달음calm: 차분한restore: 복구하다breathe: 숨쉬다confidence: 확신sincerely: 진심으로rare: 진귀한safety: 안전emergency: 비상

This week Jun and Daniel discuss recent news and cultural trends from November 2025. The episode covers APEC 2025 hosted in Gyeongju where Korea gifted Trump a Shilla gold crown, contrasting Korean labor debates between the London Bagel Museum overwork death and dawn delivery service bans, the viral Gwangjang Market pricing scandal, and the election of Zoran Momdani as New York City's first Muslim and youngest mayor in over a century. The hosts also discuss Gen Alpha slang, tackle Suneung English questions, and respond to listener comments.If you're interested in any of these topics, tune in to hear Daniel and Jun discuss all this and more! This episode offers cross-cultural analysis on labor rights, cultural diplomacy, and social responsibility.As a reminder, we publish our episodes bi-weekly from Seoul, South Korea. We hope you enjoy listening to our conversation, and we're so excited to have you following us on this journey!Support the showWe hope you enjoy listening to our conversation, and we're so excited to have you following us on this journey!Support us on Patreon:https://patreon.com/user?u=99211862Follow us on socials: https://www.instagram.com/koreanamericanpodcast/https://twitter.com/korampodcasthttps://www.tiktok.com/@koreanamericanpodcastQuestions/Comments/Feedback? Email us at: koreanamericanpodcast@gmail.com Member of the iyagi media network (www.iyagimedia.com)

Seoul is a city of neon miracles and heated benches, but for Min-ji, a seventy-year-old cardboard collector, it is a place of relentless cold. She moves through the Christmas Eve crowds like a ghost, her spine curved by the weight of her cart, invisible to the young couples passing by. When a student stops not to offer pity, but to listen, he uncovers a history buried under layers of dust—a memory of silk, indigo, and a woman who was once a queen in her own life. This is a story about the dignity we carry, even when the world refuses to see it. Welcome to a new episode of the English Plus Podcast. If these moments of quiet connection and hope resonated with you, we're thrilled to tell you that the full collection, When the Bells Don't Ring by Danny Ballan, is now available on Amazon and everywhere books are sold. Get Danny's book When the Bells Stop Ringing for yourself or as a gift for your loved ones this Christmas. Buy the paperback from Amazon https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0G34NWXDV

A two-hour feedback session with the SEO Gets founder changes MetaMonster's direction. Meanwhile, Andrew realizes he's burnt out on AI and capitalism and Sean defends Spider-Man Magic cards against gatekeepers. Also: surfing vs hiking debates, fractured ankles, the three C's of career satisfaction, and why JetLag's Magic episode was terrible.Links:Andrew's Twitter: @AndrewAskinsAndrew's website: https://www.andrewaskins.com/MetaMonster: https://metamonster.ai/Sean's Twitter: @seanqsunMiscreants: http://miscreants.com/Margins: http://margins.so/Sean's website: https://seanqsun.com/For more information about the podcast, check out https://www.smalleffortspod.com/.Transcript:00:00:01.15SeanWhat's up?00:00:02.51AndrewI miss you It's been too long.00:00:03.76SeanI miss you00:00:05.97Andrewi did that Long time. Been a long time.00:00:09.78Seantoo. Long time. Yeah.00:00:13.45zAndrewWhen did we last like actually talk other than a couple of quick Slack messages?00:00:17.87SeanLike last year, pretty much.00:00:19.81Andrewdon't think it was that long.00:00:20.14SeanThis one. My brain's in 2026 already. It's it's cold. i i look outside at like four o'clock. It's already dark.00:00:28.96AndrewMy three of my best friends in Atlanta and I have a group chat that we started when I moved here. And it's it's titled See You in 2026, which like started as a joke because like my one friend quit his job and had a little bit of travel planned. And like I had a little bit of travel planned and they, the couple in the group chat had some travel planned. And so it was just kind of a joke. And now our friend who started the group chat, who quit his job,00:00:56.88Andrewhe is currently in seoul south korea he he is actually like we're actually not going to see him until 2026 pretty much he did00:00:59.48SeanWhoa, cool.00:01:05.52SeanSorry, did you say he was in Seoul, South Korea or Seoul?00:01:10.83Andrewseoul i said seoul south korea did did fuck that up okay did i say south k-kir-olina no i maybe i did that would be wild00:01:13.50SeanOh, I don't know why heard South Carolina. That's okay. We'll go back to the tape. We'll see if I was crazy or if you were crazy. No, i've definitely misheard you. I definitely.00:01:24.85SeanWe'll go back to the tape later.00:01:25.18AndrewHe's in South Korea right now in Seoul.00:01:26.62SeanCool.00:01:27.26AndrewApparently it's cold.00:01:29.54SeanYeah.00:01:30.14AndrewI forget how far north it is, but he's...00:01:32.06Seanyou should You should ask him how crazy things were when Korea won the League Legends finals again. Yeah, kind of curious.00:01:40.80AndrewOoh, okay, will do. Yeah, he's been... But dude's been traveling all fucking over the place. I'm so happy for him.00:01:48.26SeanNice.00:01:49.12AndrewYeah, he seems like... lighter and happier which is good to see yeah yeah00:01:52.72SeanNice. That's good. That's good. Do you feel lighter and happier with less hair on your head?00:02:01.66AndrewI am uh okay the I am no is the answer I feel like I'm a bit in a uh phase that I feel like I end up in every few years where I'm like questioning and trying to rediscover my personal style. And that often starts with trying to find a haircut that I like.00:02:24.41Andrewmy My typical haircut is just like the very standard white guy, like a little bit short on the sides, a little bit slicked over on top.00:02:24.10Seanmean,00:02:33.51AndrewAnd I just, know I always come back to it and then I go, this doesn't feel like me. And then I try something else and I'm like, well, this also doesn't feel like me.00:02:43.31AndrewSo... yeah i don't know i i'm trying i'm trying a messy fringe this time thanks00:02:48.07Seanit looks good. I like it. Yeah. Yeah. I think it looks good. I think i like it looks good. You got you got like your oversized, boxy, drop shoulder t-shirt, the haircut.00:03:00.87SeanVery trendy. Very trendy.00:03:02.34Andrewi just watched a youtube video where like three people roasted a guy for wearing a uniqlo erism like boxy t-shirt and i was like fuck i thought that00:03:08.64SeanHaters. Haters. Haters. They're so comfortable. Haters.00:03:12.39Andrewthey are so comfortable yeah00:03:12.84SeanGet over themselves. Haters. oh Yeah. Don't take me back to skinny jeans, you know? was terrible time.00:03:21.28Andrewi feel like they weren't they weren't advocating for skinny but they were also like they were basically saying if you're gonna go boxy you need to it needs to look intentional like you're intentionally trying to be boxy like if you have like one boxy thing and then one more skinny thing it can look weird And like fit still matters. And that like the most timeless look is something kind of in between. It's not like crazy baggy, but also not crazy skinny.00:03:49.69AndrewBut then that's also kind of boring. I don't know.00:03:52.68Seani think I think there's ways to make all of it work.00:03:52.83Andrewdon't know.00:03:56.37SeanIt just kind of depends on silhouette and whatnot. I like this look, by the way. I actually think this is this is a very nice like haircut on you, especially with the with the earrings.00:04:06.02SeanYeah.00:04:07.38AndrewThanks, dude. I appreciate that.00:04:08.23SeanYeah. Yeah.00:04:09.50AndrewI only got like two words of it because you're breaking up for me a little bit right now.00:04:13.48SeanOh, really? Okay.00:04:15.39AndrewBut00:04:15.50SeanWe'll try that again.00:04:16.02SeanI actually think it it looks really good. I think it, yeah, especially with the earrings and whatnot.00:04:21.82Andrewthanks. Appreciate it00:04:23.75SeanYou look like five years younger. That's cool.00:04:26.49Andrewit. I don't know if I want to look five years younger as part of this. i'm like I want to own being in my 30s.00:04:31.01SeanI see.00:04:32.59AndrewAnd I'm OK.00:04:34.21SeanYou still look like you're in your 30s.00:04:35.90Andrewokay00:04:35.93SeanYou still, just like,00:04:37.38AndrewSo you're saying before I looked like I was approaching 40. I00:04:41.06Seanjust like your late thirty s I guess that business means approaching for... I don't know. I haven't seen you in so long that I... My image of you is just your, like, 20-something-year-old profile picture in Slack at this point. So, I don't know.00:04:55.90Andrewi i jumped on a call with a friend earlier today who I hadn't talked to in a long time. And we hadn't had like a video call in at least six months, if not longer. And he was like, whoa, because I just got in the haircut. He hadn't seen me with earrings. I last week talked, I had a f...

Japan's tourism sector is bracing for a deepening chill this winter in the wake of erroneous remarks by Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi.日本首相高市早苗的失言事件后，日本旅游业正为今年冬季持续降温的局面做准备。As its travel market cools, rival destinations across Asia are moving swiftly to cater to Chinese travelers who had previously planned to visit Japan.随着日本旅游市场遇冷，亚洲各地的竞争对手正迅速行动，以吸引那些原本计划赴日旅游的中国游客。"Since last week, inquiries for Malaysia, Singapore and winter favorites such as Phu Quoc in Vietnam and Bali in Indonesia have increased by 20 to 30 percent week-on-week," said Li Mengran, marketing manager of Beijing-based travel agency Utour.北京优途旅行社市场经理李梦然表示：“上周以来，马来西亚、新加坡以及越南富国岛、印度尼西亚巴厘岛等冬季度假胜地的咨询量较前一周增长了20%至30%。”"These destinations benefit from visa-free policies, diverse tourism resources, abundant flights and flexible tour products suited for families and smaller groups."这些目的地因免签政策、丰富的旅游资源、充足的航班以及适合家庭和小团体游客的灵活旅游产品而备受青睐。Thailand moved quickly to capitalize on the shifting sentiment.泰国借势把握市场情绪变化带来的机遇。On Wednesday, the Beijing office of the Tourism Authority of Thailand emphasized that Thailand "always welcomes visitors from around the world, especially Chinese friends", announcing Chinese-specific New Year promotions and safety standards.周三，泰国旅游局北京办事处强调，泰国“始终欢迎世界各地的游客，特别是中国朋友”，并宣布推出针对中国游客的新春促销活动及安全标准。Beyond Southeast Asia, Russia is also seeking to attract Chinese tourists.除东南亚地区外，俄罗斯也在积极吸引中国游客。Russian President Vladimir Putin said on Nov 18 that visa-free travel for Chinese citizens would be introduced "in the very near future", according to Russian media reports.据俄罗斯媒体报道，俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京11月18日表示，俄方将在“不久的将来”对中国公民实施免签政策。Data from Qunar, a Beijing-based online travel agency, show that the ranking of top outbound destinations has shifted significantly.北京在线旅游平台去哪儿网的数据显示，热门出境旅游目的地的排名已发生显著变化。On Nov 15 and 16, South Korea overtook Japan as the most-booked outbound market, with Seoul becoming the most searched international destination by Nov 17. The surge has been helped by South Korea's visa-free trial program for Chinese tour groups of three or more, effective from Sept 29 through June 30 next year.11月15日至16日，韩国超越日本成为预订量最高的出境旅游市场，首尔更在11月17日跃居最受搜索的国际目的地。此轮增长得益于韩国自9月29日起实施的免签试点政策——针对三人及以上中国旅行团的免签政策将持续至明年6月30日。"From now through the end of 2025, off-peak outbound demand will remain strong," said Yang Han, a researcher at Qunar. "Japan's change has pushed travelers toward more diversified destinations, South Korea now leads, followed by China's Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions nearby, and costeffective Southeast Asian nations such as Thailand, Vietnam and Malaysia."去哪儿网研究员杨涵表示：“从现在到2025年底，淡季出境游需求将持续强劲。日本市场的变化促使游客转向更多元化的目的地，韩国目前位居首位，其次是邻近的中国香港、澳门特别行政区，以及泰国、越南、马来西亚等性价比高的东南亚国家。”Domestic destinations are absorbing some redirected traffic as well. Flight bookings to southern provinces from Nov 19 to Dec 31 had exceeded 4.72 million as of Nov 18, up about 13 percent year-on-year, according to data from aviation service app Umetrip.国内目的地也吸纳了部分转移的客流。据航空服务应用程序航旅纵横数据显示，截至11月18日，11月19日至12月31日期间飞往南方省份的航班预订量已突破472万次，同比增长约13%。The ongoing downturn in Chinese outbound travel to Japan accelerated after multiple Chinese ministries issued travel alerts, reminding Chinese citizens to avoid traveling to Japan in the near term. Major Chinese airlines have subsequently announced free refunds or rescheduling for Japan routes booked before Dec 31. According to a report by China Central Television on Thursday, more than 540,000 flight tickets to Japan have been canceled since Nov 15.中国赴日出境游持续低迷，在多个中国政府部门发布旅行提示、提醒公民近期避免赴日后，这一趋势进一步加速。中国主要航空公司随后宣布，对12月31日前预订的日本航线提供免费退票或改签服务。据中央电视台周四报道，自11月15日以来，已有超过54万张赴日机票被取消。Wu Liyun, professor of the China Academy of Culture and Tourism at Beijing International Studies University, said travelers now increasingly prioritize safety, emotional comfort and geopolitical stability.北京外国语大学中国文化旅游研究院教授吴丽云指出，如今旅客越来越重视安全保障、情感舒适度和地缘政治稳定性。"People want to feel relaxed and happy when traveling. Government attitudes and how locals treat foreign visitors directly shape emotional experience," she said. When safety or political stability weakens, she added, travelers naturally turn elsewhere. "Southeast Asia, Central Asia and many regional destinations offer strong alternatives. Safety and certainty have become crucial, long-term considerations."吴丽云表示：“人们旅行时渴望放松身心、享受快乐。政府态度和当地居民对待外国游客的方式，直接影响着游客的情感体验。”她补充道，当安全或政治稳定性下降时，游客自然会另寻他处。“东南亚、中亚及众多地区性目的地提供了强有力的替代选择。安全与确定性已成为至关重要的长期考量因素”。China is Japan's largest and highest-spending inbound visitor source. In 2024, Chinese mainland tourists accounted for 21.3 percent of all foreign tourist expenditure, according to the Japan National Tourism Organization. Combined visitors from the Chinese mainland and Hong Kong made up 30 percent of Japan's total inbound arrivals between January and September this year.中国是日本最大的入境游客来源地，且消费水平最高。日本国家旅游局数据显示，2024年中国大陆游客支出占日本外国游客总支出的21.3%。今年1月至9月，中国大陆与香港游客合计占日本入境游客总量的30%。The impact is already being felt in Japan's northernmost prefecture. Hokkaido Governor Naomichi Suzuki said at a news conference on Friday that cancellations have appeared across local hotels and flight tickets. "As the winter travel season approaches, the concerns continue to grow."这种影响已在日本最北端的县有所显现。日本北海道知事鈴木直道周五在记者会上表示，当地酒店和机票出现大量取消预订的情况，“随着冬季旅游旺季临近，担忧情绪持续加剧”。Sapporo Stream Hotel in Hokkaido, which normally receives around 3,000 Chinese guests each month, has recorded 70 cancellations since the travel alert. Tour operators in Nagoya and Tokyo report similar losses. One Nagoya-based charter operator said all December bookings from Chinese groups had been canceled. A Tokyo river cruise company that usually serves up to 2,000 Chinese tourists annually saw about 240 people cancel in recent days.位于北海道的札幌溪流酒店每月通常接待约3000名中国游客，自发布旅行警示以来已收到70份取消预订通知。名古屋和东京的旅行社也报告了类似损失。一家名古屋包机运营商表示，12月所有中国团队预订均已取消。一家东京游船公司通常每年接待约2000名中国游客，近日已有约240人取消行程。Japan's Nomura Research Institute estimated that the decline in Chinese tourists could reduce Japan's GDP by 0.36 percent.日本野村综合研究所估计，中国游客的减少可能使日本国内生产总值下降0.36%。Tourism is Japan's second-largest source of foreign exchange, after vehicle exports, Wu of the China Academy of Culture and Tourism added.吴丽云补充道，旅游业是日本第二大外汇来源，仅次于汽车出口。"If Chinese travelers significantly reduce or halt travel to Japan, that consumption disappears," she said. "This will have a huge impact on Japan's foreign-exchange revenue, GDP growth and employment across accommodation, dining, retail and entertainment."吴丽云表示：“如果中国游客大幅减少或停止赴日旅行，这些消费就会消失。这将对日本的外汇收入、GDP增长以及住宿、餐饮、零售和娱乐行业的就业产生巨大影响。”outbound travel出境游visa-free trial program免签试点政策

VOV1 - Hôm nay 26/11, Tòa án trung ương thủ đô Seoul đã tiến phiên xét xử đối với cựu Thủ tướng Hàn Quốc Han Duck Soo về tội danh “đồng mưu gây nội loạn”. Tại đây, phía cơ quan kiểm sát đặc biệt đã đề nghị mức án 15 năm tù giam dành cho ông Han.

Last time we spoke about the Changkufeng Incident. In a frost-bitten dawn along the Chaun and Tumen rivers, a border notched with memory becomes the stage for a quiet duel of will. On one side, Japanese officers led by Inada Masazum study maps, mud, and the hill known as Changkufeng, weighing ground it offers and the risk of war. They glimpse a prize, high ground that could shield lines to Korea—yet they sense peril in every ridge, every scent of winter wind. Across the line, Soviet forces tighten their grip on the crest, their eyes fixed on the same hill, their tents and vehicles creeping closer to the border. The air hums with cautious diplomacy: Moscow's orders pulse through Seoul and Harbin, urging restraint, probing, deterring, but never inviting full-scale conflict. Yet every patrol, every reconnaissance, seems to tilt the balance toward escalation.   #177 The point of no return for the USSR and Japan Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. Days passed and the local emissaries had not been released by the Russians. Domei reported from Seoul that the authorities were growing worried; the "brazen" actions of Soviet front-line forces infuriated the Manchurians and Japanese. From Seoul, too, came ominous news that villagers were preparing to evacuate because they feared fighting would soon begin in the Changkufeng area. While diplomatic activity continued in Moscow without effect, the Tokyo press continued to report intense military activity throughout the Soviet Far East—the greatest massing of troops in months, with planes, armored cars, and motorized equipment choking the Trans-Siberian railway. The press was dominated by commentary about the danger of war. One enterprising Tokyo publisher ran advertisements under the heading: "The Manchukuo-Soviet Border Situation Is Urgent—Ours Is the Only Detailed Map of the Soviet Far East: Newspaper-size, in seven clear colors, offset printed, only 50 sen." Although the Manchukuoan foreign office issued a statement on 20 July about the dire consequences the Soviets were inviting, it is probable that the next Russian actions, of a conciliatory nature, were reached independently. Either Moscow had taken almost a week to make the decision, or the diplomatic conversations there had had an effect. Local Japanese authorities reported inactivity on the Changkufeng front from the morning of 23 July. On the next day, word was received that the USSR proposed to return the two emissaries as "trespassers." At midday on 26 July, the Russians released the blindfolded agents at a border site along the Novokievsk road. After completing the formalities, the Japanese asked the Russians for a reply concerning local settlement of the incident. According to Japanese sources, the "flustered" Colonel Grebennik answered: "My assignment today was merely to turn over the envoys. As for any request about the Changkufeng Incident, our guard commander must have asked for instructions from the central government. I think this is the type of matter which must be answered by the authorities at Moscow through diplomatic channels." Grebennik's postwar recollection does not differ appreciably from the Japanese version. Soviet sources mention a second effort by the Japanese military to deliver a message under more forceful circumstances. On 23 July a Soviet border unit drove off a four-man party. Russian cavalry, sent to investigate, discovered that the Japanese had pulled down a telegraph pole, severed lines 100–150 meters inside Soviet territory, absconded with wire, and left behind a white flag and a letter. Undated, unsigned, and written in Korean, the message struck Grebennik as being substantively the same as the communication delivered formally by the emissaries on 18 July. Japanese materials make no reference to a second, informal effort by local forces, but there is little reason to doubt that such an attempt, perhaps unauthorized, was made. Although Japanese efforts at low-level negotiations came to naught, two observations emerged from the local authorities and the press. First, on-the-spot negotiations had broken down; it had been difficult even to reclaim the emissaries, and the Russians in the Posyet region were using various pretexts to refer matters to diplomatic echelons. Second, the Russians had released the men. Some interpreted this as the first evidence of Soviet sincerity; possibly, the USSR would even return Matsushima's body as a step toward settlement. Other Japanese observers on the scene warned the public that it was imperative to stay on guard: "All depends on how diplomacy proceeds and how the front-line troops behave." Yet the excitement in the Japanese press began to abate. It is difficult to ascertain the nature of the decision-making process on the Russian side after the Japanese attempted local negotiations. The Soviets contend that nothing special had been undertaken before the Japanese provoked matters at the end of July. Grebennik, however, admits that after receiving the two Japanese communications, "we started to prepare against an attack on us in the Lake Khasan area." He and a group of officers went to Changkufeng Hill and sent as many border guards there as possible. Although he personally observed Japanese troops and instructed his officers to do the same, he denied categorically that the Russians constructed trenches and fortifications. Only the observation of Manchurian territory was intensified while instructions were awaited from higher headquarters. For its part, the Korea Army was carrying out Imperial general headquarters first instructions while pursuing a wait-and-see policy. On 16 July, Korea Army Headquarters wired an important operations order to Suetaka. With a view toward a possible attack against intruders in the Khasan area, the army planned to make preparations. The division commander was to alert stipulated units for emergency dispatch and send key personnel to the Kyonghun sector to undertake preparations for an attack. Lt. Col. Senda Sadasue, BGU commander of the 76th Infantry Regiment, was to reconnoiter, reinforce nearby districts, and be ready for emergencies. Particular care was enjoined not to irritate the Soviet side. Maj. Gen. Yokoyama Shinpei, the Hunchun garrison commander, was to maintain close contact with the BGU and take every precaution in guarding the frontiers. Like Senda, Yokoyama was warned against irritating the Russians. Korea Army Headquarters also dispatched staff to the front and had them begin preparations, envisaging an offensive. Upon receipt of the army order, Suetaka issued implementing instructions from his Nanam headquarters at 4:30 A.M. on the 17th. The following units were to prepare for immediate alert: the 38th Infantry Brigade Headquarters, 75th Infantry Regiment, 27th Cavalry Regiment, 5th Antiaircraft Regiment, and 19th Engineer Regiment. The same instructions applied to the next units, except that elements organic to the division were designated: the 76th Infantry Regiment, 25th Mountain Artillery Regiment, and 15th Heavy Field Artillery Regiment. Another order enjoined utmost care not to irritate the Russians; Japanese actions were to be masked. Next came a directive to the forces of Senda and K. Sato. The former comprised mainly the 76th Infantry BGU and a cavalry platoon. The latter was built around the 75th Infantry Regiment, the Kucheng garrison unit, another cavalry platoon, two mountain artillery and one heavy field artillery battalion, and the 19th Engineers. Suetaka's idea about a solution to the border troubles had become concrete and aggressive. From the night of July 17, concentration would be accomplished gradually. The exact timing of the attack would be determined by subsequent orders; in Senda's area, there was no such restriction regarding "counteraction brought on by enemy attack." Division signal and intendant officers would conduct reconnaissance related to communications, billeting, food, and supplies. Sato and his subordinates were to reconnoiter personally. Having ordered the division to begin concentration and to stand by, Korea Army Headquarters was prepared the next morning, July 17, to direct the movement. Nevertheless, there was concern in Seoul that Suetaka's advance elements might cross the Tumen River into Manchurian territory, which could result in a clash with Soviet troops. Such an outcome might run counter to the principle established by Imperial general headquarters. Consequently, it was decided that "movement east of the river would therefore have to be forbidden in the Korea Army's implementing order." Nakamura transmitted his operational instructions to Suetaka at 6:00 on July 17: "No great change in latest situation around Lake Khasan. Soviet forces are still occupying Changkufeng area. Diplomaticlevel negotiations on part of central authorities and Manchukuoan government do not appear to have progressed. Considering various circumstances and with view to preparations, this army will concentrate elements of 19th Division between Shikai, Kyonghun, Agochi." Restrictions stipulated that the division commander would transport the units by rail and motor vehicle and concentrate them in the waiting zone in secret. Movement was to begin on the night of July 17 and to be completed the next day. Further orders, however, must govern unit advance east of the Tumen as well as use of force. The remainder of the division was to stay ready to move out. Troops were to carry rations for about two weeks.   Late that day, Suetaka received an order by phone for his subordinates in line with Seoul's instructions. Senda would handle the concentration of elements assembling at Kyonghun, and Sato would do the same for the main units arriving at Agochi. A communications net was to be set up quickly. Caution was to be exercised not to undertake provocative actions against the opposite bank of the Tumen, even for reconnaissance. The division would dispatch two trains from Hoeryong and four from Nanam. At 11:58 pm on 18 July, the first train left Hoeryong for Agochi. Concentration of units was completed by dawn. By that time, the Japanese had dispatched to the border 3,236 men and 743 horses. Past midnight on 20 July, Division Chief of Staff Nakamura wired headquarters that the division was ready to take any action required, having completed the alert process by 11 pm. Japanese scouting of the Changkufeng sector began in earnest after mid-July. Although the affair had seemed amenable to settlement, Sato took steps for an emergency from around the 14th. His thoughts centered on readiness for an attack against Changkufeng, which simultaneously required reconnaissance for the assault and preparation to pull the regiment back quickly to Hoeryong if a withdrawal was ordered. After arriving at Haigan on 18 July, Sato set out with several engineers. At Kucheng, the officers donned white Korean clothing, presumably the disguise directed by the division—and boarded native oxcarts for a leisurely journey southward along the Korean bank of the Tumen across from Changkufeng. The seemingly innocent "farmers" studied the river for crossing sites and Changkufeng Hill for the extent of enemy activity. On the hill's western slope, in Manchurian territory, three rows of Russian entanglements could be observed 300 feet below the crest. Only a handful of soldiers were visible, probably a platoon, certainly not more than a company. Infantry Captain Yamada Teizo conducted secret reconnaissance of the entire Changkufeng-Hill 52 sector for 314 hours in the afternoon of 18 July. Even after intense scanning through powerful binoculars, he could detect no more than 19 lookouts and six horsemen; camouflage work had been completed that day, and there were ten separate covered trench or base points. Barbed wire, under camouflage, extended about four meters in depth, yet even Yamada's trained eye could not determine whether there was one line of stakes or two. He jotted down what he could see and compared his information with that learned from local police. Artillery Colonel R. Tanaka shared the view that the Soviets had intruded. When he went reconnoitering along the Korean bank, he observed Russian soldiers entrenched around the hilltop, easily visible through binoculars at a range of two kilometers. Trenches had been dug 20 to 30 meters below the crest on the western slope. Eventually, there were three rows of barbed wire, the first just below the trenches and the lowest 100 meters under the summit. Tanaka estimated Soviet strength at two companies (about 200 men). Suetaka's intelligence officer, Sasai, recalls seeing barbed wire after Japanese units deployed to the front on 18–19 July; he had surmised then that the entanglements were being prepared out of fear of a Japanese assault.   To obtain first-hand information, the Gaimusho ordered a section chief, Miura Kazu'ichi, to the spot. Between 23 July and the cease-fire in August, Miura collected data at Kyonghun and transmitted reports from the consulate at Hunchun. On 28 July he visited Sozan on the Korean bank. He observed Soviet soldiers on the western slopes of Changkufeng, digging trenches and driving stakes. These actions were clearly on Manchukuoan territory even according to Soviet maps. Miura insisted that he saw no friendly troops on territory claimed by the Russians and observed no provocative actions by the Japanese. These statements are supported by a map drawn for him in early August by Division Staff Officer Saito Toshio, a sketch Miura retained as late as 1947. Miura's testimony is tempered by his assertion that he saw a red flag flying near the top of Changkufeng Hill. This contention conflicts with all evidence, as Russian lawyers at the International Military Tribunal for the Far East argued, it is improbable that a Soviet frontier post, highly interested in camouflage, would have hoisted a pennon so large that it could be seen from Sozan. Russian sources are unanimous in stating that no flag was put up until 6 August and that no trenches or entanglements were established by Soviet border guards in July, at least prior to the 29th. The two Army General staff consultants, Arisue and Kotani, arrived in Seoul on 16 July, the day Korea Army Headquarters was ordering an alert for the 19th Division "with a view toward a possible attack against enemy intruders." Inada dispatched them mainly to inspect the frontline situation; but he had not fully decided on reconnaissance in force. At Shikai, Arisue and Kotani donned Korean garb and traveled by oxcart on the Korean side of the Tumen, reconnoitering opposite the Shachaofeng sector. Kotani was convinced that hostile possession of Changkufeng posed a serious threat to the Korean railway. He agreed with the division's estimate that, if the Japanese did decide to seize Changkufeng, it ought not to be too difficult. Arisue, as senior observer, dispatched messages from Kyonghun to Tokyo detailing their analysis and recommendations. Meanwhile, in Tokyo, on 17 July the central military authorities received a cable from the Japanese envoy in Moscow, Colonel Doi Akio, reporting that prospects for a diplomatic settlement were nil. The USSR was taking a hard line because Japan was deeply involved in China, though there were domestic considerations as well. The Russians, however, showed no intention of using the border incident to provoke war. It would be best for Japan to seize Changkufeng quickly and then press forward with parleys. Meanwhile, Japan should conduct an intensive domestic and external propaganda campaign. There was mounting pressure in the high command that negotiations, conducted "unaided," would miss an opportunity. Based on reports from Arisue and Kotani, that army seemed to be contemplating an unimaginative, ponderous plan: an infantry battalion would cross the Tumen west of Changkufeng and attack frontally, while two more battalions would cross south of Kyonghun to drive along the river and assault Changkufeng from the north. Inada sent a telegram on 17 July to Arisue for "reference." Prospects had diminished that Soviet troops would withdraw as a result of negotiation. As for the attack ideas Arisue mentioned, Inada believed it necessary to prepare to retake Changkufeng with a night attack using small forces. To avoid widening the crisis, the best plan was a limited, surprise attack using ground units. The notion of a surprise attack drew on the Kwantung Army's extensive combat experience in Manchuria since 1931.  The next morning, after the forward concentration of troops was completed, Suetaka went to the front. From Kucheng, he observed the Changkufeng district and decided on concrete plans for use of force. Meanwhile, Nakamura was curbing any hawkish courses at the front. As high-command sources privately conceded later, the younger officers in Tokyo sometimes seemed to think the commander was doing too good a job; there was covert sentiment that it might be preferable if someone in the chain of command acted independently before the opportunity slipped away. This is significant in light of the usual complaints by responsible central authorities about gekokujo—insubordination—by local commands. An important report influencing the high command's view arrived from Kwantung Army Intelligence on 19 July: according to agents in Khabarovsk, the USSR would not let the Changkufeng incident develop into war; Russians also believed there would be no large-scale Soviet intrusion into their territory. By 19 July, the Tokyo operations staff was considering the best method to restore control of the lost hill by force, since Seoul appeared to maintain its laissez-faire stance. On 18 July, Arisue and Kotani were instructed by Imperial General headquarters to assist the Korea Army and the 19th Division regarding the Changkufeng Incident. What the Army general staff operations officers sought was an Imperial General headquarters order, requiring Imperial sanction, that would instruct the Korea Army to evict the Russian troops from Changkufeng the way the Kwantung Army would, using units already under Nakamura's command. The sense was that the affair could be handled locally, but if the USSR sought to escalate the incident, it might be prudent for that to occur before the Hankow operation began. The IGHQ and War Ministry coordinated the drafting of an IGHQ order on 19–20 July: "We deem it advisable to eradicate Soviet challenges . . . by promptly delivering blow on this occasion against unit which crossed border at Changkufeng. That unit is in disadvantageous spot strategically and tactically; thus, probability is scant that dispute would enlarge, and we are investigating countermeasures in any case. Careless expansion of situation is definitely not desired. We would like you people also to conduct studies concerning mode of assault employing smallest strength possible for surprise attack against limited objective. Kindly learn general atmosphere here [Tokyo] from [Operations] Major Arao Okikatsu." The 20th of July proved to be a hectic day in Korea, and even more so in Tokyo. The division had informed the Korea Army that it was finally "ready to go," a message received in Seoul in the early hours. Then Arisue received a wire from Inada presenting limited-attack plans and noting that Arao was on the way. By that day, Japanese intelligence judged there were 400 Soviet troops and two or three mountain guns south of Paksikori. Russian positions at Changkufeng had been reinforced, but no aggressive intentions could be detected. Soviet ground elements, as well as materiel, appeared to be moving from Vladivostok and Slavyanka toward Posyet. Suetaka headed back to the front. Sato told him that it was absolutely necessary to occupy Chiangchunfeng Hill across the Tumen in Manchurian territory. Upon reaching the Wuchiatzu sector and inspecting the situation, Suetaka agreed to send a small unit to Chiangchunfeng on his own authority.  Colonel Sato Kotoku had ordered one company to move across the Tumen toward Chiangchunfeng on 21 July, a maneuver that did not escape the Russians' notice. On 24 July, the same day another Japanese unit occupied Shangchiaoshan Hill, Marshal Blyukher ordered the 40th Rifle Division, stationed in the Posyet area to be placed on combat readiness, with a force of regulars assigned to back the Soviet border guards; two reinforced rifle battalions were detached as a reserve. According to Japanese records, Russian border patrols began appearing around Huichungyuan, Yangkuanping, and Shachaofeng from 26 July, but no serious incidents were reported at that stage. At about 9:30 am on 29 July, Captain Kanda, the 2nd Company commander of Lieutenant Colonel Senda's 76th Border Garrison Unit, was observing the Shachaofeng area from his Kucheng cantonments. Through his glasses, Kanda observed four or five Soviet soldiers engaged in construction on high ground on the west side of Shachaofeng. Kanda notified Senda, who was at BGU Headquarters inspecting the forward areas. Senda transmitted the information to Suetaka. Deciding to cross the Tumen for a closer look, Senda set off with Kanda. A little after 11 am, they reached Chiangchunfeng Hill, where the men from Captain Noguchi's company were already located. Senda verified, to his own satisfaction, that as many as 10 enemy infantrymen had "violated the border" to a depth of 350 meters, "even by the Soviets' contention", and were starting construction 1,000 meters south of Shachaofeng. Senda decided to oust the Russian force "promptly and resolutely," in light of the basic mission assigned his unit. He telephoned Suetaka, who was in Kyonghun, and supplied the intelligence and the recommendation. Subordinates recalled Suetaka's initial reaction when the BGU reported a Soviet intrusion about a mile and a half north of Changkufeng. "The arrogant Russians were making fools of the Japanese, or were trying to. At stake was not a trifling hill and a few invaders, but the honor of the Imperial Army. In the face of this insult, the general became furious. He insisted upon smashing the enemy right away."  Kanda phoned 2nd Lieutenant Sakuma, who was still at Kucheng, and told him to bring his 25-man platoon across the river by 2 pm Sakuma crossed by boat and arrived at 1:30. Kanda set out from Chiangchunfeng at 2:20, took over Sakuma's unit, bore east, and approached within 700 meters of the enemy. He ordered the men not to fire unless fired upon, and to withdraw quickly after routing the Russians. It is said that the Japanese troops were fired upon as they advanced in deployed formation but did not respond at first. In a valley, casualties were incurred and the Japanese finally returned fire. Sakuma's 1st Squad leader took a light machine gun and pinned down the Russians facing him. Sakuma himself pressed forward with his other two squads, taking advantage of the slope to envelop the enemy from the right. At the same time, he sent a patrol to the high ground on the left to cover the platoon's flank. Thanks to the 1st Squad's frontal assault, the Russians had no chance to worry about their wings, and Sakuma moved forward to a point only 30 meters from the foe's rear. Kanda was now 50 meters from the Russians. When the enemy light machine gun let up, he ordered a charge and, in the lead, personally cut down one of the foe. Sakuma also rushed the Soviets, but when about to bring down his saber he was stabbed in the face while another Russian struck him in the shoulder. Grappling with this assailant, Sakuma felled him. Other Japanese attackers sabered two more Russians and shot the rest. By 3:10 pm the eight enemy "trespassers" had been annihilated. The covering patrol reported that five Soviet horsemen, with a light machine gun, were galloping up from Khasan. Sakuma had his platoon fire grenade dischargers, which smashed the enemy. Seventy more Russian soldiers now came, attacking from northwest of the lake and supported by fire from the east side. Using light machine guns and grenade dischargers, Sakuma checked them. Meanwhile, Miyashita's platoon, part of Noguchi's company, had departed from Chiangchunfeng at 2:20 pm and swung right until it reached the crestline between Changkufeng and Kanda's company. One squad faced 200 Russians on Changkufeng; the other faced the enemy south of Shachaofeng. Soviet forces opened intense machine-gun fire from Changkufeng and from the high ground east of the lake. After 20 minutes, Kanda's unit charged, two or three Russians fled, and Miyashita's platoon shot one down. Senda, who had gone with Miyashita, directed the platoon's movements and proceeded north, under fire, to Kanda's unit. Once the Russians had been cleared out, Senda forbade pursuit across the boundary and gradually withdrew his forces to the heights line 800 meters southwest. It was 4:30 then. By 5 pm Soviet reinforcements, apparently brought up from the Changkufeng and Paksikori sectors, advanced anew. With 80 men in the front lines, the enemy pushed across the border to a depth of at least 500 meters, according to the Japanese, and began to establish positions. Several tanks and many troops could be observed in the rear. Senda had Noguchi's company hold Chiangchunfeng. Kanda's unit, reinforced by 33 men from Kucheng, was to occupy the heights southwest of Shachaofeng, while Imagawa's company of the 76th Regiment was to occupy other high ground to the west. Senda then reported the situation to Suetaka in Kyonghun and asked for reinforcements. In Seoul, Army headquarters understood the developments reported by Suetaka as a response to the hostile border violation, and about 20 men of the Kucheng BGU under Lt. Sakuma drove the enemy out between 2:30 and 3 pm. Afterward, Sakuma pulled back to high ground two kilometers south of Yangkuanping to avoid trouble and was now observing the foe. Although Seoul had heard nothing about Japanese losses, Corp. Akaishizawa Kunihiko personally observed that Kanda had been wounded in the face by a grenade and bandaged, that Sakuma had been bayoneted twice and also bandaged, and that the dead lay on the grass, covered with raincoats. According to Suetaka "the enemy who had crossed the border south of Shachaofeng suffered losses and pulled back once as a result of our attack at about 2:30 pm". By about 4:30, Suetaka continued, the Russians had built up their strength and attacked the platoon on the heights southwest of Shachaofeng. Behind the Russian counterattack, there were now several tanks. Earlier, Suetaka noted ominously that several rounds of artillery had been fired from the Changkufeng area; "therefore, we reinforced our units too, between 5 and 6 pm., and both sides are confronting each other." Details as to the fate of Sakuma's platoon are not given, but it is now admitted that casualties were incurred on both sides. The Korea Army Headquarters consequently reported to Tokyo in the evening that, according to information from the division, 20 Japanese had driven out the Russians near Shachaofeng; 25 men from Senda's unit were occupying the heights 600 meters west of Changkufeng; and another 16 men were deployed in ambush at Yangkuanping. Such an enumeration would have tended to suggest that only a few dozen Japanese were across the Tumen on the 29th. But a review of the numbers of combat troops committed and the reinforcements sent by Senda reveals that Japanese strength across the river was in the hundreds by nightfall. In Moscow, Tass reported that on 29 July detachments of Japanese-Manchukuoan intruders had attempted to seize high ground apparently located 0.5 miles north of a Russian position. The assailants had been "completely repelled from Soviet territory, as a result of measures taken by Russian frontier guards," and instructions had been sent to the embassy in Tokyo to protest strongly. Walter Duranty, the veteran American correspondent in Moscow, heard that the Japanese press had published reports, likely intended for internal consumption, that hours of furious fighting had occurred at the points in question. Since the dispatches were unsubstantiated and "failed to gain credence anywhere outside Japan," Duranty claimed this may have forced the Japanese to translate into action their boast of "applying force" unless their demands were satisfied. "Now, it appears, they have applied force, unsuccessfully." The Soviet communiqué on the Shachaofeng affair, despite its firm tone, appeared unostentatiously in the following day's Pravda and Izvestiya under the headline, "Japanese Militarists Continue Their Provocation." The Japanese Embassy in Moscow heard nothing about the Shachaofeng affray until the morning of the 30th, when a wire was received from the Gaimusho that ten Russian soldiers had occupied a position northwest of Changkufeng and had begun trench work until ejected by frontier guards. Since the Russian communiqué spoke of afternoon fighting, American correspondents concluded that Soviet troops must have counterattacked and driven off the Japanese. No additional information was available to the public in Moscow on the 30th, perhaps because it was a holiday. Nevertheless, in the afternoon, Stalin's colleague Kaganovich addressed an immense crowd in Moscow on "Railroad Day" and at the conclusion of a long, vigorous speech said:  "The Soviet Union is prepared to meet all enemies, east or west." It certainly was not a fighting speech and there is no reason to suppose the Soviet will abandon its firm peace policy unless Japan deliberately forced the issue. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. Diplomacy flickered as Moscow pressed restraint and Tokyo whispered calculated bravado. As July wore on, both sides massed troops, built trenches, and sent scouts across the river. A tense, hidden war unfolded, skirmishes, patrols, and small advances, until a fleeting moment when force collided with restraint, and the hill's future hung in the frost.

This week, NK News correspondent Joon Ha Park joins the podcast to recap a week's worth of news from Seoul and Pyongyang, starting with South Korean President Lee Jae-myung's comments about potentially scaling back joint military exercises with the U.S. to support diplomacy with North Korea. He talks about how previous progressive governments, such as the Moon Jae-in administration, downsized the joint drills in an effort to persuade the DPRK to come to the negotiating table. Park also explains Seoul's proposal for inter-Korean military talks on restoring land markers around the Military Demarcation Line, the border dividing the peninsula, to prevent an accidental clash. Seoul has accused North Korean troops of frequently crossing into the South, prompting it to fire warning shots. Finally, Park tracks North Korean leader Kim Jong Un's recent public appearances, including the inauguration of the first “modern” hospital outside of Pyongyang, and a visit to the Ministry of State Security's headquarters. About the podcast: The North Korea News Podcast is a weekly podcast hosted by Jacco Zwetsloot exclusively for NK News, covering all things DPRK — from news to extended interviews with leading experts and analysts in the field, along with insights from our very own journalists.

As allegiance to Jesus Christ spread across the Roman Empire in the second century, writings, practices, and ideas erupted in a creative maelstrom. Many of the patterns of practice and belief that later become normative emerged, in the midst of debate and argument with neighbours who shared or who rejected that allegiance. Authoritative texts, principles of argument, attitudes to received authority, the demands of allegiance in the face of opposition, identifying who belonged and who did not, all demanded attention. These essays explore those divergent voices, and the no-less diverse and lively debates they have inspired in recent scholarship. Judith M. Lieu is the author of Explorations in the Second Century: Texts, Groups, Ideas, Voices (Brill, 2025). She was Lady Margaret's Professor of Divinity at the University of Cambridge from 2007-2018. She studied at Durham and Birmingham Universities and previously taught at The Queen's College, Birmingham, King's College London (where she was Professor of New Testament Studies, 1999-2006), and Macquarie University, Sydney. From January 2020–June 2021 she was Frothingham Visiting Professor in New Testament and Early Christianity at Harvard Divinity School. She is on the editorial board of a number of journals and series and was previously Editor of New Testament Studies. She is a Fellow of the British Academy (2014) and International Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2019). Jonathon Lookadoo is Associate Professor at the Presbyterian University and Theological Seminary in Seoul, South Korea. While his interests range widely over the world of early Christianity, he is the author of books on the Epistle of Barnabas, Ignatius of Antioch, and the Shepherd of Hermas, including The Christology of Ignatius of Antioch (Cascade, 2023). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

As allegiance to Jesus Christ spread across the Roman Empire in the second century, writings, practices, and ideas erupted in a creative maelstrom. Many of the patterns of practice and belief that later become normative emerged, in the midst of debate and argument with neighbours who shared or who rejected that allegiance. Authoritative texts, principles of argument, attitudes to received authority, the demands of allegiance in the face of opposition, identifying who belonged and who did not, all demanded attention. These essays explore those divergent voices, and the no-less diverse and lively debates they have inspired in recent scholarship. Judith M. Lieu is the author of Explorations in the Second Century: Texts, Groups, Ideas, Voices (Brill, 2025). She was Lady Margaret's Professor of Divinity at the University of Cambridge from 2007-2018. She studied at Durham and Birmingham Universities and previously taught at The Queen's College, Birmingham, King's College London (where she was Professor of New Testament Studies, 1999-2006), and Macquarie University, Sydney. From January 2020–June 2021 she was Frothingham Visiting Professor in New Testament and Early Christianity at Harvard Divinity School. She is on the editorial board of a number of journals and series and was previously Editor of New Testament Studies. She is a Fellow of the British Academy (2014) and International Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2019). Jonathon Lookadoo is Associate Professor at the Presbyterian University and Theological Seminary in Seoul, South Korea. While his interests range widely over the world of early Christianity, he is the author of books on the Epistle of Barnabas, Ignatius of Antioch, and the Shepherd of Hermas, including The Christology of Ignatius of Antioch (Cascade, 2023). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/biblical-studies

As allegiance to Jesus Christ spread across the Roman Empire in the second century, writings, practices, and ideas erupted in a creative maelstrom. Many of the patterns of practice and belief that later become normative emerged, in the midst of debate and argument with neighbours who shared or who rejected that allegiance. Authoritative texts, principles of argument, attitudes to received authority, the demands of allegiance in the face of opposition, identifying who belonged and who did not, all demanded attention. These essays explore those divergent voices, and the no-less diverse and lively debates they have inspired in recent scholarship. Judith M. Lieu is the author of Explorations in the Second Century: Texts, Groups, Ideas, Voices (Brill, 2025). She was Lady Margaret's Professor of Divinity at the University of Cambridge from 2007-2018. She studied at Durham and Birmingham Universities and previously taught at The Queen's College, Birmingham, King's College London (where she was Professor of New Testament Studies, 1999-2006), and Macquarie University, Sydney. From January 2020–June 2021 she was Frothingham Visiting Professor in New Testament and Early Christianity at Harvard Divinity School. She is on the editorial board of a number of journals and series and was previously Editor of New Testament Studies. She is a Fellow of the British Academy (2014) and International Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2019). Jonathon Lookadoo is Associate Professor at the Presbyterian University and Theological Seminary in Seoul, South Korea. While his interests range widely over the world of early Christianity, he is the author of books on the Epistle of Barnabas, Ignatius of Antioch, and the Shepherd of Hermas, including The Christology of Ignatius of Antioch (Cascade, 2023). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/christian-studies

In this episode I sit down with renowned holistic facialist and dermal therapist April Brodie, fresh from her deep plane facelift in Seoul, to talk about what really sits behind the global obsession with K Beauty. We compare our recent trips to South Korea, from elite multi level clinics with corridors full of devices, to the chaos and delight of Olive Young and the clinical world of Korea Derma and regenerative medicine. April shares the story behind her signature Korean inspired facial, why technique can rival technology, and what she learnt from her own surgical journey. We talk Rejuran and salmon DNA biostimulation, the difference between PDRN in skincare and injectable DOT technology, why “glass skin” is a fantasy, and the categories that Koreans are quietly leading in, from scalp care to intimate care, sun care and beauty tools. There is also a healthy dose of reality about consent, safety, cultural expectations and what Australian women need to consider before chasing Korean level transformation. This is a candid, nuanced and very practical conversation about K Beauty, ageing, and how to edit all that innovation into a routine and treatment path that actually serves your skin. Chapters:00:29 How a buccal massage in London changed April’s career01:34 The origins of her Korean inspired facial and “bone therapy” techniques06:09 Why K Beauty is not a fad and how Korea became the epicentre06:54 The reality of Korean clinics, from “Taj Mahal” to takeaway07:47 My experience at the Rejuran global symposium09:59 Salmon DNA, DOT technology and how it differs from PDRN skincare10:13 Olive Young, sheet masks and the Rejuran skincare range11:18 How April shops K Beauty and where quality really matters14:41 Korean pharmacies, medical PDRN and cult ointments15:29 Consumer awareness, marketplaces and buying from the right storefronts20:24 Sedation, consent and where the line is for Australian patients22:32 Why April chose to have her deep plane facelift in Korea24:44 Risk, safety and the realities of surgery overseas30:59 Meeting her surgeon, the leap of faith and recovery fatigue32:10 Hyperbaric, LED and the intensity of Korean post-operative care36:49 The wild world of K Beauty gifting and niche products38:28 Scalp care, sunscreens and why Korea is ahead on texture40:59 Breath, intimate care and the “Y zone”42:49 LEDs for everywhere, and what might come next44:58 My problem with glass skin and why it is a harmful ideal46:53 Spicules, bio needling marketing and why they can wreck your barrier49:11 Lotions, essences and where multi step routines can go wrong51:06 The missing K Beauty category that surprised both of us55:09 April’s ideal edited routine for real life Highlights How a single buccal facial in London turned April from laser heavy protocols to hands on sculpting techniques. The story behind her Korean influenced facial that uses bone therapy principles, Eastern European methods and Korean cleansing rituals. What we both observed inside ultra elite Korean clinics, from the sheer number of devices to the culture of sedation and intensive treatment stacking. The difference between Rejuran’s salmon DNA DOT technology and PDRN in topical skincare, and why that distinction matters. How to shop K Beauty in Olive Young without destroying your barrier or being distracted by trends. The categories where Korea is genuinely ahead, including sunscreens, scalp care, breath care, intimate care and tools. Why “glass skin” is a Western marketing idea, not a Korean standard, and how chasing it can damage both barrier and self esteem. A realistic, edited K Beauty inspired routine for busy women who want results without a ten step ritual. Watch the full episode here: https://youtu.be/6k48mXCHCcYSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this episode of The Korea Pro Podcast, John and Joon Ha unpack the sweeping implications of the U.S.-ROK joint fact sheet released after the Security Consultative Meeting — including Seoul's $33 billion commitment to support U.S. Forces Korea, $25 billion in U.S. weapons purchases and the formalization of approval for South Korean nuclear-powered attack submarines. The hosts analyze Washington's evolving hierarchy of access for advanced AI chips after the U.S. approved Nvidia Blackwell exports to Saudi Arabia and the UAE, raising long-term competitive and compliance pressures for South Korea despite short-term stability. They then examine the annulment of the Lone Star arbitration ruling, exploring why South Korea's celebrated legal win does not resolve deeper risks tied to regulatory uncertainty and future investor-state disputes. The episode concludes with a look ahead to President Lee Jae-myung's trip to the G20 in Johannesburg and Turkey, as well as next week's Nuriho 4 launch at Goheung. About the podcast: The Korea Pro Podcast is a weekly conversation hosted by Korea Risk Group Executive Director Jeongmin Kim, Editor John Lee and correspondent Joon Ha Park, delivering deep, clear analysis of South Korean politics, diplomacy, security, society and technology for professionals who need more than headlines. Uploaded every Friday. This episode was recorded on Thursday, Nov. 20, 2025. Audio edited by Gaby Magnuson

Thinking about pivoting your photography business? Rebranding can feel risky, but it may be the key to unlocking new opportunities. In this episode of The Nerdy Photographer Podcast, I sit down with photographer Justin Haugen, who successfully transitioned from being a wedding photographer to building a thriving commercial photography brand. We discuss: Knowing when to pivot – signs your current niche isn't serving your long-term goals. Rebranding strategies – reshaping your portfolio, website, and marketing to reach new clients. Leveraging past experience – how skills from one genre can build credibility in another. Communicating the shift – managing how clients and peers view your rebrand. Opportunities ahead – the doors that open when you align your work with your vision. If you've ever wondered how to move beyond your current niche—or feared losing momentum by making a change—this episode will give you a roadmap for rebranding your photography business with confidence. Tune in now to hear Justin Haugen's story and practical advice for photographers ready to reinvent their careers. Episode Promos This episode contains promos for: BackBlaze Cloud Data Backup Services - https://www.backblaze.com/cloud-backup/personal#afc32p Style Cloud Website Templates - https://stylecloud.co/ref/380/ Siteground Website Hosting - https://nerdyphotographer.com/recommends/pic-time/ Narrative AI Culling, Editing, and Publishing - https://narrative.so/select?affiliate=casey2746 Support The Nerdy Photographer Want to help The Nerdy Photographer Podcast? Here are a few simple (and mostly free) ways you can do that: Subscribe if you enjoyed the episode! Tell other photographers about the podcast Sign up for the newsletter - https://nerdyphotographer.com/newsletter Subscribe to our YouTube Channel - https://www.youtube.com/@CaseyFatchett Buy a print from the print shop - https://art.caseyfphoto.com Follow on Instagram - https://instagram.com/thenerdyphoto Follow on Threads - https://threads.net/@thenerdyphoto Follow on BlueSky - https://bsky.app/profile/thenerdyphoto.bsky.social Follow in Tiktok - https://tiktok.com/@thenerdyphoto Get some Nerdy Photographer merchandise - https://nerdyphoto.dashery.com If you're feeling extra generous, check out our support page - https://nerdyphotographer.com/support-nerdy-photographer/ About My Guest Justin is a Photographer hailing from Tucson, Arizona by way of Seoul, Korea. Having first picked up a camera in 2004, Justin has experienced several photography careers, but now finds himself in corporate and commercial spaces as he raises his young children with his wife. Justin is a Tamron USA ambassador and sometimes educator. You can see more of Justin's work at his website - https://JustinHaugen.com - or on Instagram https://instagram.com/photowarlock About The Podcast The Nerdy Photographer Podcast is written and produced by Casey Fatchett. Casey is a professional photographer in the New York City / Northern New Jersey with more than 20 years of experience. He just wants to help people and make them laugh. You can view Casey's wedding work at https://fatchett.com or his corporate, event, and portraiture work at https://caseyfatchettphotography.com    If you have any questions or comments about this episode or any other episodes, OR if you would like to ask a photography related question or have ideas for a topic for a future episode, please reach out to us at https://nerdyphotographer.com/contact      

In the final installment of our series on Korean cults, we expose the mind control tactics woven through groups like Shincheonji, the Olive Tree Movement, and the Unification Church. Building on the theological patterns we uncovered in episodes 1 and 2, we break down how these movements use reinterpreted Scripture, deceptive “Bible studies,” and authoritarian teaching structures designed to make you question the Bible—and trust their leaders as the only true source of revelation.We talk with our returning guests to uncover how these groups systematically dismantle a person's confidence in God's Word, isolate them from outside voices, and replace biblical authority with hidden doctrines, secret meanings, and messianic claims.This episode exposes how Korean messianic movements manipulate Scripture, control information, and infiltrate churches—and how Christians can recognize, resist, and refute their strategies with sound theology and the true Gospel.We're joined by Pastor Yang, Adjunct Professor of New Testament at the Presbyterian University and Theological Seminary in Seoul, who holds a Doctor of Theology in New Testament and served as a Visiting Scholar at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School (2023–2024). Also joining us is Chris, a former member of Shincheonji and returning Cultish guest, who shares his firsthand experience and ongoing efforts to raise awareness about the growing global influence of Korean cults. Partner With Us & Be Part of the Mission to Change Lives: HERESHOP OUR MERCH: HEREPlease consider subscribing to our YouTube Channel: CultishTV.comCultish is a 100% crowdfunded ministry. -- Email Chris & Pastor Yang: biblev@daum.net Chris@examiningthecults.org Chris's Website: HEREChris's YouTube: HEREPastor Yang's YouTube: HERE

진행자: 간형우, Devin Whiting'Not again' Seoul's running boom sparks frustration기사 요약: 서울 도심에서 마라톤 행사가 주말마다 열리며 도로 통제가 반복되자, 시민·상인·관광객의 불편이 커지고 행사 난립을 규제해야 한다는 목소리도 높아지고 있다.[1] As running becomes one of South Korea's fastest-growing pastimes, Seoul is facing a new challenge: a marathon calendar packed so tightly that major roads are blocked almost every weekend, prompting widespread complaints that the city's fitness fever is pushing everyday life off course.pastime: 취미complaint: 불평fever: 열망[2] Streets in central districts, from Gwanghwamun and Jongno to the Han River bridges, have been repeatedly shut down for early-morning events that funnel tens of thousands of runners through the city's most heavily trafficked corridors.repeatedly: 반복적으로funnel: 좁은 공간으로 밀다corridor: 통로[3] On Sunday, another large-scale race, hosted by a local media group, drew an estimated 30,000 participants. The course required step-by-step traffic control, diverting buses and vehicles throughout the morning.divert: 방향을 바꾸게 하다[4] For many residents and workers, however, it was a growing strain. “It's good to run for health, but it shouldn't come at the expense of ordinary citizens,” said Kim Keon-ho, 72, who found himself rerouted Sunday morning.strain: 부담at the expense of ~ : ~을 희생하면서reroute: 바꾸다기사 원문: https://www.koreaherald.com/article/10616937

This episode plunges into the brutality of static warfare. We explore the Chinese Spring Offensive of 1951 and the desperate defensive battles fought to hold the line, looking at the heroic and horrific three-day stand of the Glorious Glosters at the Battle of Imjin River—a sacrifice often credited with saving Seoul, and the Battle of Kapyong where the 27th Commonwealth Brigade fought their final battle. Saul and Roger also analyse the new reality: a "war of inches" fought over insignificant ground, where immense human cost was exacerbated by the massive, destructive scale of American area bombing. As the fighting raged, armistice talks began at Panmunjom, but quickly stalled on a single, intractable issue: the fate of the Prisoners of War. We dissect the controversial "voluntary repatriation" policy—the West's insistence on not forcing men back to Communism—which turned POW camps into ideological battlegrounds and peace negotiations into a two-year agony. If you have any thoughts or questions, you can send them to - podbattleground@gmail.com Producer: James Hodgson X (Twitter): @PodBattleground Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Last time we spoke about the Soviet-Japanese Border Conflict. The border between Soviet Manchuria and Japanese-occupied territories emerges not as a single line but as a mosaic of contested spaces, marks, and memories. A sequence of incidents, skirmishes along the Chaun and Tumen rivers, reconnaissance sorties, and the complex diplomacy of Moscow, Tokyo, and peripheral actors to trace how risk escalated from routine patrols to calibrated leverage. On the ground, terrain functioned as both obstacle and argument: ridges like Changkufeng Hill shaping sightlines, river valleys shaping decisions, and markers weathered by snow, wind, and drift. In command tents, officers translated terrain into doctrine: contingency plans, supply routes, and the precarious calculus of restraint versus escalation. Both nations sought to establish firmer defensive barriers against the other. Inevitably they were destined to clash, but how large that clash would become, nobody knew.   #176 The Changkufeng Incident Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. In the last episode we broke down a general history of the Soviet-Japanese Border Conflict and how it escalated significantly by 1938. Colonel Inada Masazum serving as chief of the 2nd Operations Section within the Operations Bureau in March of 1938 would play a significant role in this story. When the Japanese command's attention was drawn to the area of Changkufeng, consideration was given to the ownership and importance of the disputed high ground. Inada and his operations section turned to an appraisal of the geography. The officers had been impressed by the strategic importance of the Tumen, which served to cut off the hill country from North Korea. In the Changkufeng area, the river was a muddy 600 to 800 meters wide and three to five meters deep. Japanese engineers had described rowing across the stream as "rather difficult."  Russian roads on the left bank were very good, according to Japanese intelligence. Heavy vehicles moved easily; the Maanshan section comprised the Russians' main line of communications in the rear. To haul up troops and materiel, the Russians were obliged to use trucks and ships, for there were no railways apart from a four-kilometer line between the harbor and town of Novokievsk. Near Changkufeng, hardly any roadways were suitable for vehicular traffic. On the right, or Korean, bank of the Tumen, there were only three roads suitable for vehicular traffic, but even these routes became impassable after a day or two of rain. In the sector between Hill 52 to the south and Shachaofeng to the north, the most pronounced eminences were Chiangchunfeng and the humps of Changkufeng. Rocky peaks were characteristically shaped like inverted T's, which meant many dead angles against the crests. The gentle slopes would allow tanks to move but would restrict their speed, as would the ponds and marshes. In general, the terrain was treeless and afforded little cover against aircraft. Against ground observation or fire, corn fields and tall miscanthus grass could provide some shielding. Between Chiangchunfeng and the Tumen, which would have to serve as the main route of Japanese supply, the terrain was particularly sandy and hilly. This rendered foot movement difficult but would reduce the effectiveness of enemy bombs and shells. The high ground east of Khasan afforded bases for fire support directed against the Changkufeng region. Plains characterized the rest of the area on the Soviet side, but occasional streams and swamps could interfere with movement of tanks and trucks. The only towns or villages were Novokievsk, Posyet, Yangomudy, and Khansi. At Kozando there were a dozen houses; at Paksikori, a few. The right bank was farmed mainly by Koreans, whose scattered cottages might have some value for billeting but offered none for cover. On the left bank, the largest hamlets were Fangchuanting, with a population of 480 dwelling in 73 huts, and Yangkuanping, where there were 39 cottages. Shachaofeng was uninhabited. Japanese occupation of Changkufeng would enable observation of the plain stretching east from Posyet Bay, although intelligence made no mention of Soviet naval bases, submarine pens, or airstrips in the immediate area of Posyet, either in existence or being built in 1938. As Inada knew, the Japanese Navy judged that Posyet Bay might have another use, as a site for Japanese landing operations in the event of war. In Russian hands, the high ground would endanger the Korean railway. This line, which started from Najin in northeastern Korea, linked up with the vital system in Manchuria at the town of Tumen and provided a short cut, if not a lifeline, between Japan and the Kwantung Army and Manchuria from across the Sea of Japan. Even from relatively low Changkufeng, six or seven miles of track were exposed to Soviet observation between Hongui and Shikai stations. The port of Najin, with its fortress zone, lay 11 miles southwest; Unggi lay even nearer. It was not the danger of Japanese shelling of Vladivostok, at an incredible range of 80 miles that was at stake but the more realistic hypothesis of Russian shelling of the rail line, and Russian screening of the Soviet side of the border. Hills and questions were thought to have two sides. It was the consensus of Japanese that Changkufeng Hill's potential value to the Russians far outweighed its possible benefits to them, or at least that the Japanese had more to lose if the Russians took the high ground by the Tumen. Inada nurtured few illusions concerning the intrinsic value of the heights. Despite the fact that the high command always had good reasons for quiescence in the north, Inada believed that the latest border difficulty could not be overlooked. By mid-July 1938 Inada's thoughts crystallized. The Japanese would conduct a limited reconnaissance in force known as iryoku teisatsu in the strategic sense. Whereas, at the tactical schoolbook level, this might mean the dispatch of small forces into enemy territory to seek local combat intelligence, at the Imperial General Headquarters level the concept was far more sweeping. There would also be useful evidence of mobilization and other buildup procedures. The affair at Changkufeng was merely a welcome coincidence, something started by the Russians but liable to Japanese exploration. Inada had no intention of seizing territory, of becoming involved in a war of attrition at a remote and minor spot, or of provoking hostilities against the USSR. The Russians would comprehend the nature of the problem, too. If they were interested in interfering seriously with the Japanese, there were numberless better locations to cause trouble along the Manchurian front; those were the places to watch. The cramped Changkufeng sector, described as "narrow like a cat's brow," could too readily be pinched off from Hunchun to render it of strategic value to either side. The bog land to the north interfered with the use of armored forces, while artillery sited on the heights along the Tumen in Korea could as easily control the area as batteries emplaced east of the lake. It was Inada's professional opinion that the Russians could commit three or four infantry divisions there at most, with no mechanized corps—no heavy tanks, in particular. No decisive battle could be waged, although, once the Russians became involved, they might have to cling to the hill out of a sense of honor. The military action would be meaningless even if the Japanese let the Russians have the heights. For their part, the Japanese would ostensibly be fighting to secure the boundary and to hold Changkufeng peak, beyond which they would not move a step onto Soviet soil. There would be no pursuit operations. Troop commitment would be limited to about one division without tank support. Japanese Air Force intervention would be forbidden. Matters would be directed entirely by Imperial General Headquarters working through the Korea Army chain of command and carried out by the local forces. Calm, clear, and dispassionate overall estimates and instructions would be based on materials available only in Tokyo. The command would not allow the Kwantung Army to touch the affair. Inada foresaw that the Japanese government might also seek a settlement through diplomacy. Although border demarcation was desirable and should be sought, the command would not insist on it, nor would it demand permanent occupation of Changkufeng summit. As soon as reconnaissance objectives had been achieved, the local forces would be withdrawn. As Inada described it "In the process, we would have taught the Russians some respect and given them a lesson concerning their repeated, high-handed provocations and intrusions. If a show of force sufficed to facilitate the negotiations and cause the Russians to back down, so much the better; the affair would be over and my point proved." The instrument for carrying out Inada's strategic design appeared to be ideal, the 19th Division, strenuously trained and high-spirited. It could be expected to perform very well if unleashed within defined limits. Colonel Suetaka was just the commander to direct local operations. Since he had been pleading to fight in China, an operation at Changkufeng might prove to be an excellent "safety valve." His staff was full of experienced, fierce warriors eager for battle. Until recently, the Korea Army commanding general had wisely kept the aggressive division away from Changkufeng Hill, but now Imperial general headquarters had its own overriding ideas and needs. How could the Japanese ensure that any military action would remain limited if the Russians chose to respond with vigor? Naturally, one infantry division, without armor or air support, could not withstand all of the Soviet forces in the maritime province. Inada answered that the mission to be assigned the 19th Division was merely the recapture of Changkufeng crest. If the Japanese side had to break off the operation, evacuation would be effected voluntarily and resolutely on Imperial general headquarters responsibility, without considerations of "face." At worst, the Japanese might lose one division, but the affair would be terminated at the Tumen River without fail. "Even so, we ought to be able to prove our theory as well as demonstrate our true strength to the Russians." In case the Soviets opted for more than limited war, the Japanese were still not so overextended in China that they could not alter their strategic disposition of troops. Although the Kwantung Army's six divisions were outnumbered four to one and the Japanese were not desirous of a war at that moment, the first-class forces in Manchuria could make an excellent showing. In addition, the high command possessed armor, heavy artillery, fighters, and bombers, held in check in Manchuria and Korea, as well as reserves in the homeland. There was also the 104th Division, under tight Imperial general headquarters control, in strategic reserve in southern Manchuria. Inada recalled "How would the Russians react? That was the answer I sought. Victory in China depended on it." By mid-July, the high command, at Inada's urging, had worked out a plan titled, "Imperial General headqaurters Essentials for Dealing with the Changkufeng Incident." Tada's telegram of 14 July to Koiso described succinctly the just-decided policy: the central authorities concurred with the Korea Army's opinion regarding the Changkufeng affair, then in embryo. Considering that Changkufeng Hill posed a direct threat to the frontier of Korea, Imperial General headqaurters would immediately urge the foreign ministry to lodge a stern protest. Next day, Tojo sent a telegram stating the Japanese policy of employing diplomacy; whether the Russians should be evicted by force required cautious deliberation in case the USSR did not withdraw voluntarily. On the basis of the guidance received from Imperial General headqaurters, the Korea Army drew up its own plan, "Essentials for Local Direction of the Changkufeng Incident," on 15 July. Intelligence officer Tsuchiya Sakae was sent promptly to the front from Seoul. At the same time, military authorities allowed the press to release news that Soviet troops were constructing positions inside Manchurian territory in an "obvious provocation." The government of Manchukuo was demanding an immediate withdrawal. Even then, those Japanese most closely connected with the handling of the Changkufeng Incident were not in agreement that everybody at command level was as ardent a proponent of reconnaissance in force as Inada claimed to be. Some thought that most, if not all, of his subordinates, youthful and vigorous, were in favor of the notion; others denied the existence of such an idea. Inada remained clear-cut in his own assertions. Everything done by the local Soviet forces, he insisted, must have been effected with the permission of Moscow; it was customary for the USSR not to abandon what it had once started. The Japanese Army never really thought that the Soviet Union would withdraw just as the result of diplomatic approaches. Therefore, from the outset, preparations were made to deal the Russians one decisive blow. Inada had recommended his plan, with its clear restrictions, to his colleagues and superiors; the scheme, he says, was approved 14 July "all the way up the chain of command, through the Army general staff and the ministry of war, with unexpected ease." The only real opposition, Inada recalled, came from the navy, whose staff advised the army operations staff, in all sincerity, to give up the idea of strategic reconnaissance. Inada adhered to his opinion stubbornly. He never forgot the grave look on the face of Captain Kusaka, the UN operations section chief, as the latter gave in reluctantly. The navy view was that the Changkufeng affair typified the army's aggressive policies as opposed to relative passivity on the part of the navy. Like Kusaka, Japanese Navy interviewees shared the fear that Changkufeng might prove to be the most dangerous military confrontation ever to occur between the USSR and Japan. In view of navy objections, one wonders where Inada could have drawn support for his concept of reconnaissance in force. If one accepts the comments contained in a letter from a navy ministry captain, Takagi Sokichi, to Baron Harada Kumao at the beginning of August, in the army and in a portion of the navy there existed "shallow-minded fellows who are apt to take a firm stand in the blind belief that the USSR would not really rise against us, neglecting the fact that the Russians had foreseen our weak points." Takagi also had violent things to say about "white-livered" Gaimusho elements that were playing up to the army. Although Takagi's remarks, expressed in confidence, were sharp, cautious injunctions were being delivered by the high command to the new Korea Army commander, General Nakamura Kotaro, who was about to leave for Seoul to replace Koiso. Nakamura's attitude was crucial for the course and outcome of the Changkufeng Incident. More of a desk soldier than a warrior, he characteristic ally displayed a wariness that was reinforced by the guidance provided him. This personal quality assumes even greater significance if one believes that the Russians may have initiated the Changkufeng Incident by exploiting the special opportunities afforded them by the routine replacement of the Korea Army commander, the temporary absence from Moscow of Ambassador Shigemitsu Mamoru, and the geographical as well as subjective gap between the Kwantung and Korea armies that was exposed during the Lyushkov affair. At 10:00 on 15 July Nakamura was designated army commander by the Emperor at the palace. Soon afterward, he was briefed by Imperial General headquarters officers. Hashimoto, the operations bureau chief, recalled that when he saw Nakamura off on 17 July, Hashimoto stressed prudence, limitation of any military action, and diplomatic solution of the problem. The new commanding general, Inada asserted, promised full cooperation. There was no mention, at this level, of Inada's concept of reconnaissance in force. When Nakamura reached Seoul, he found an Imperial order from Tokyo dated 16 July awaiting him. This important document stipulated that he could concentrate units under his command in Korea near the border against the trespassing Soviet forces in the Changkufeng area. Resort to force, however, was dependent upon further orders. This message was followed by a wire from Kan'in, the Army general staff chief. The Imperial order, it was explained, had been designed to support diplomatic negotiations. Simultaneous approval was granted for concentrating forces to respond swiftly in case the situation deteriorated. As for implementation of the Imperial order, discretion should be exercised in line with the opinion expressed earlier by Korea Army Headquarters. Negotiations were to be conducted in Moscow and Harbin, the location of a Soviet consulate in Manchukuo. Meanwhile, the command was dispatching two officers for purposes of liaison: Lt. Colonel Arisue Yadoru in Operations and Major Kotani Etsuo a specialist in Soviet intelligence. Inada advised Arisue that, apart from liaison flights inside the frontiers, particular care should be exercised with regard to actions that might lead to air combat. Nevertheless, although Inada stated that the Imperial order called for "a sort of military demonstration," he admitted that it meant preparatory action for an attack. The Korea Army senior staff officer, Iwasaki, recalled hearing nothing about secret intentions. Nakamura briefed his staff about the need for restraint, especially during this key period of the Wuhan operation. Koiso had disposed of speculation that he had issued an order to concentrate the 19th Division before Nakamura arrived, although he and Nakamura did have the opportunity to confer in Seoul before he departed for Japan. The Imperial order of 16 July, in response to Koiso's inquiry received in Tokyo on 14 July, had arrived in Seoul addressed to Nakamura; thereupon, the Korea Army chief of staff, Kitano, had the message conveyed to the division. By 21 July Koiso was back in Tokyo where, the day afterward, he advised the war minister, Itagaki, "to act prudently with respect to the Changkufeng problem." Why did the high command dispatch two field-grade liaison officers to Korea from the outset of the Changkufeng Incident? The Korea Army lacked operations staff. Its commander had been allotted prime responsibility, within the chain of command, for defense of northeastern Korea. At the beginning, the highest-ranking staff officer at the front was a major. Since there were no fundamental differences of opinion between the command and the forces in Korea, it was proper to send experts from Tokyo to assist. Imperial General headqaurters would observe the situation carefully, devise measures on the basis of the overall view, and issue orders which the Korea Army would implement through ordinary channels. It had not been the type of incident which required the army commander to go to the front to direct. This was the Korea Army's first test, and political as well as diplomatic problems were involved that the army in the field should not or could not handle. If Tokyo had left decisions to the division and its regiments, the latter would have been held to account, which was not proper. Imperial General headquarters had to assume responsibility and reassure local commanders of its full support. Imaoka Yutaka explained that operational guidance by Imperial General headquarters and line operations conducted by the 19th Division formed the core of the affair; the Korea Army, placed between, was "shadowy." Koiso had not been enthusiastic; this set the mood among the staff. Nakamura, who arrived with a thorough comprehension of AGS thinking, was basically passive. The Korea Army staff, in general, included no "wild boars."    There was an urgent need to monitor developments. Not only was the Korea Army unfamiliar with handling this type of incident, but many hitches occurred. There had been no practice in emergency transmission of coded wires between the Korea Army and Tokyo. Now telegram after telegram had to be sent; most were deciphered incorrectly and many were not decoded at all. Another problem centered on the lack of knowledge in Tokyo about the situation on the spot, which only visual observation could rectify. As a result, the two Army general staff experts, Arisue and Kotani, arrived in Korea on 16 July. Kotani recalled that he was to collect intelligence and assist the local authorities. One of the first duties that he and Arisue performed was to disseminate the principle that use of force required a prior Imperial order. Also on 16 July, Japanese newspapers reported that the USSR was still concentrating troops, that the Manchukuoan government was watching intently, "decisive punitive measures" were being contemplated by the Japanese-Manchukuoan authorities, and there were signs of a worsening of the crisis. Despite good reasons for this gloomy appraisal, the Japanese press had not yet given the incident page-one treatment. More alarming news was being disseminated abroad. Domei, the official Japanese news agency, reported that the situation would probably become worse unless Soviet troops were withdrawn. The position of the Japanese government impressed foreign correspondents as unusually firm. Informants characterized the Changkufeng Incident as the most serious affair since the clash on the Amur River in 1937. Irked by the Korea Army's timidity and eager for first-hand information, the Kwantung Army dispatched two observers to the front: from Intelligence, Ogoshi Kenji, and from Operations, Tsuji Masanobu. If you listen to my pacific war week by week podcast or echoes of war, you know I highlight Tsuji Masanobu as one of the most evil Japanese officers of WW2. No other way to describe this guy, he was a shithead. In his memoirs, Tsuji asserted that he and Ogoshi climbed Changkufeng Hill, discerned Soviet soldiers digging across the peak in Manchurian territory, and concluded that "probably even Tokyo could not overlook such a clear-cut case of invasion." Although his account aligned with the general thrust, Ogoshi contended that Tsuji could not have accompanied him. According to sources with the 19th Division, when Koiso learned that Tsuji and Ogoshi were disparaging the Korea Army's ability to defend Changkufeng, he ordered "those spies" ousted. Ogoshi replied that the army staff was not angry, but Koiso did become furious and ordered Ogoshi "arrested for trespassing." Ogoshi surmised that Koiso's concern was that emotional outsiders such as Tsuji could provoke trouble, perhaps even war, if they visited Changkufeng. This view was widely shared. Inada stated that he made a practice of keeping away to maintain the degree of detachment and impartiality required of high command authorities. One sidelight to the "fraternal" visit to the Changkufeng area by observers from Hsinking was provided by Lt. Colonel Katakura Tadashi, chief of the Kwantung Army's 4th Section, which handled Manchukuo affairs, primarily political direction. When Katakura visited the Operations Section, Tsuji and Ogoshi told him that an intrusion had been confirmed and that the Kwantung Army staff was studying ways to evict the Soviets. Katakura consulted Maj. General Ishiwara Kanji, acting chief of staff, who was already in possession of the draft of an operations order calling for offensive preparations by the Kwantung Army against the Russians at Changkufeng. Katakura asked for reconsideration of the order. This was not a matter to be handled solely by the operations staff. Borders and international affairs were involved; hence the 4th Section, along with the Manchukuoan government, the Gaimusho, and other agencies, were concerned. Field observers were expressing exaggerated personal opinions based on having seen Soviet sentries on a hilltop. If the matter fell within the Korea Army's defensive prerogative, that army ought to handle it. Apparently the Kwantung Army commander and Ishiwara agreed with Katakura, for the draft order was not approved. The so-called private message dispatched by a Kwantung Army staff officer just before Koiso's departure may have been provoked by this rejection of direct participation by forces under Kwantung Army command. Staff officers in Tokyo believed that Hsinking could not see the forest for the trees. In the high command's view, the Kwantung Army's deliberate escalation of a negligible frontier incident undoubtedly stemmed from a failure to grasp the strategic requirements of national defense—pursuit of the campaign in China, the nurturance of Manchukuo, and the buildup of operational readiness for the ultimate solution of the Soviet problem. The high command felt obliged to remind the Kwantung Army that, in dealing with the Changkufeng Incident, the central authorities pressed for a Russian pullback through diplomacy. Consequently, the Korea Army had been instructed to be ready to concentrate troops near Changkufeng as a "background." Meanwhile, it remained the Imperial will that utmost prudence be exercised. The Kwantung Army commander accordingly issued cautious instructions to subordinate units, especially those on the eastern border. The high command's injunctions did not end the discontent and recrimination at the lower levels of Kwantung Army Headquarters, nor did they quiet the concern felt in Tokyo. A former war minister told Baron Harada repeatedly in late July that the Kwantung Army was "no good," while the superintendent of police added that the Kwantung Army was embarrassing Foreign Minister Ugaki. Nevertheless, the Kwantung Army did exert self-restraint. For its part, the Korea Army naïvely sought to achieve entente with an antagonist who considered the case nonnegotiable. First, the government of Manchukuo was asked to lodge a formal protest with the USSR. The commissioner for foreign affairs at Harbin phoned V. V. Kuznetzov, the acting consul, on the night of 14 July and saw him on the 18th. Basing its contentions on maps, the Haensing regime demanded Soviet withdrawal from Changkufeng. The Japanese government was lodging similar protests within the framework of Japanese-Manchukuoan joint defense agreements. On the spot, the situation inflamed. During the afternoon of 15 July, a Japanese military police patrol from Korea reconnoitered at the foot of Hill 52, southeast of Changkufeng. The party came under Soviet gunfire and was driven back, abandoning the body of Corp. Matsushima Shakuni. Japanese sources claimed that a Russian ambush had been set inside Manchuria. The Russian side insisted that it was the Soviet frontier that had been violated by thirty meters. Kuzma Grebennik, the colonel commanding the 59th BGU, which covered the Posyet sector, asserted that Matsushima's effects included a notebook containing reconnaissance results and a camera with film of Soviet-claimed terrain, particularly Changkufeng Hill. According to Maj. Gilfan Batarshin, a subordinate of Grebennik, two Russian border guards from Podgornaya opened fire when the Japanese fled after being challenged. Japanese protests to the USSR about the death of Matsushima and the taking of his body were added to the negotiations concerning the disputed border and the alleged trespassing. Charge Nishi Haruhiko lodged a vigorous complaint in Moscow on 15 July but was answered by a counterprotest. Ambassador Shigemitsu underwent an identical experience during a conversation with Foreign Commissar Maxim Litvinov on 20 July. Shigemitsu retorted that the murder tended to exacerbate the negotiations. In his memoirs, he stated that the killing of Matsushima provoked the local Japanese border garrison unit. The shooting occurred as the Soviet military buildup continued, according to Japanese sources. Mechanized units were reported moving in the direction of Kyonghun from Barabash and Posyet Bay. Biplanes were reconnoitering the Hunchun Valley, within Manchurian territory, from the afternoon of 16 July. To the local Japanese authorities, it seemed that the Russians were adopting a challenging attitude. Although the Japanese-Manchukuoan side remained willing to negotiate—that is, to take no forceful actions if the Russians would withdraw, the latter appeared not to share such an intention. The Soviets were not only misinterpreting the Hunchun treaty to their advantage but were encroaching beyond what they claimed to be the line; they "lacked sincerity." Decisive use of force might have been imperative to secure the Manchurian border, which was Japan's legal responsibility. As far north as Tungning on the eastern Manchurian frontier, two Soviet ground divisions and considerable numbers of tanks and aircraft were reported massed in full view. At Changkufeng, Russian soldiers fortified the crest. Mountain guns were now seen with muzzles pointed toward Manchuria, and Japanese intelligence estimated that Soviet troop strength near Changkufeng had grown to 120 or 130 by the evening of 18 July. As Sawamoto Rikichiro, an Imperial aide, noted in his diary, "It would seem that settlement of the affair had become increasingly difficult." Korea Army staff officer Tsuchiya sent two emissaries bearing the notice to the Soviet border. The pair, "blazing with patriotic ardor,"set out on 18 July, carrying a message in one hand and a white flag in the other. From Kyonghun came the report the next day that there had been an urgent, well-attended Soviet staff meeting at BGU Headquarters in Novokievsk all night, and that the Russian side had been discomfited by the Japanese request, which had been transmitted to higher authorities. Still, the emissaries did not return, while a stream of reports indicated a Soviet buildup along a dozen frontier sectors. Russian authorities had reportedly forced the natives to evacuate an area twenty miles behind their borders. From Japanese observation posts, Soviet convoys of men, guns, and horses could be sighted moving toward Novokievsk after being unloaded from transports originating at Vladivostok. Japanese Army Intelligence reported that on 18 July a regimental-size force had arrived at Novokievsk; artillery displacements forward were particularly visible by night east of Khasan. A confidential Gaimusho message indicated that Soviet truck movements between Posyet, Novokievsk, and the front had increased since the 20th. Russian intrusions, kidnappings, and sniping incidents were reported along the Manchurian borders, from Manchouli on the west to Suifenho on the east, between 18 and 25 July. Aircraft on daytime reconnaissance were detected as far as three miles inside Manchurian territory in the Hunchun area. Although the Japanese asserted that their forbearance was being tested, Izvestiya charged "Japanese militarists" with manufacturing an affair at Ussuri as well as at Changkufeng. The Japanese themselves received reports from the Changkufeng front that by 20 July the Soviets had 250 soldiers, armed with field pieces, trench mortars, howitzers, and light and heavy machine guns, on the southern slopes. The Russians were putting up tents capable of holding 40 men each; officers could be observed for the first time. On the evening of the 20th, the Soviets lobbed illuminating shells toward Manchurian territory. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. Inada Masazum, studying maps and mud, saw Changkufeng Hill as a prize with peril, a test of nerve rather than a conquest. Tokyo's orders pulsed through Seoul and Harbin: guard, probe, and deter, but avoid full-scale war. Across the border, Soviet units pressed closer, lights and tents flickering on the hillside. The sea within sight whispered of strategy, diplomacy, and a warning: a single misstep could redraw Asia. And so the standoff waited, patient as winter.

We visited renowned architect Bernard Khoury in his studio in Karantina, who offered a critical, unvarnished look at the reality of practicing architecture in Lebanon, contrasting it with the sugarcoated story of the "Phoenix coming out of its ashes". He discusses his career beginnings, the 2020 Beirut port explosion, and how his first project—the infamous B018 nightclub—was a radically specific and necessary response to the city's complex, macabre history and unstable political and economic context. Khoury shares his philosophical approach to architecture, which rejects stylistic gestures in favor of an obsession with specificity and a direct confrontation with Beirut's explosive nature, arguing for a practice that produces honest, if sometimes "sour" meaning in the present rather than succumbing to toxic simplifications. 00:00 The Sourness and Complexity of Beirut01:23 Bernard Khoury's Karantina Studio and the Beirut Explosion03:12 His First Project: B018 in Karantina04:01 The Illusion and Disillusion of the Post-War Era05:42 An Architect's Dilemma: Designing for an Expiry Date12:56 Solidere, Immaterial Ownership, and a New Urbanism15:44 The Cultural Significance of B01817:05 B018's Site: A Macabre History19:40 From Furniture Factory to Architecture Practice22:52 Khalil Khouri: Modern Architect with Certainties27:23 A Generational Difference in Practice28:57 Rejected Labels: What Bernard Khoury Hates to Be Called...31:41 Style vs. Specificity 36:00 Estrangement and Addiction to a Very Intense Environment42:00 Bernard Khoury's Criticism of Solidere's Historical Narrative Born in Beirut (1968), Bernard Khoury studied architecture at the Rhode Island school of Design (BFA 1990 / B.Arch 1991) and Harvard University (M.Arch 1993). He was awarded by the municipality of Rome, the Borromini Prize honorable mention given to architects under 40 years of age (2001), the Architecture + Award (2004), the CNBC Award (2008) and nominated for several awards including the Aga Khan award (2002 / 2004/ 2021), the Chernikov prize (2010) and the Mies van der Rohe Award (2021). He co-founded the Arab Center for Architecture (2008), was a visiting professor in several universities including the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne and L'Ecole Spéciale d'Architecture in Paris. He has lectured and exhibited his work in over 150 institutions, including solo shows at the Aedes gallery in Berlin (2003), the Spazio per l'architecttura Milano (2016) and numerous group shows including YOU prison at the Fondazione Sandretto in Torino (2008), the opening show of the MAXXI museum in Roma (2010), the Frac Architecture Biennale in Orleans (2018), the Oris House of Architecture in Zagreb (2020) and the Architecture Biennale of Seoul (2021). He was the architect and co-curator of the Kingdom of Bahrain's national pavilion at the Venice Architecture Biennale (2014). Over the years he has developed an international reputation and a diverse portfolio of projects in over fifteen countries. Khoury was nominated by the French Ministry of Culture Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres (2020) Connect with Bernard Khoury

In this episode of Crossing Faiths, John Pinna speaks with Bryan Grim from the Religious Freedom and Business Foundation about his influential research on global religious freedom. Grim recounts how his personal experiences living in the Muslim world, particularly during 9/11, led him to develop the groundbreaking framework that measures religious restrictions through two distinct lenses: government actions and social hostilities. He argues that this nuanced understanding is crucial for the workplace, asserting that accommodating and respecting employees' diverse faiths fosters a more productive and engaged environment, drawing a parallel between inclusive national policies and successful corporate cultures. The conversation explores the practical challenges of accommodating various religious practices, the importance of universal religious freedom for all faiths to ensure it for any, and the critical role of data in providing perspective, informing policy, and navigating the complexities of religious persecution beyond mere anecdotes. Dr. Bryan J. Grim is a globally recognized expert on the socio-economic impact of religious freedom. He is the Founding President of the Religious Freedom & Business Foundation (RFBF) and serves as the Global Chair of Dare to Overcome, an initiative that fosters mutual respect and engagement among diverse faith-and-belief groups in workplaces worldwide. With a Ph.D. in quantitative sociology from Pennsylvania State University, Dr. Grim has authored numerous academic articles and books. His pioneering work at the Pew Research Center led to the development of global indexes measuring Government Restrictions on Religion (GRI) and Social Hostilities Involving Religion (SHI), which are now key tools for monitoring religious freedom worldwide. Dr. Grim's research has shown that religion contributes approximately $1.2 trillion annually to the U.S. economy, surpassing the combined revenues of top tech companies like Apple, Amazon, and Google. His approach to religious freedom emphasizes building inclusive environments for people of all faiths and those without religious affiliation. He has lived and worked extensively across China, Central Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and the former USSR, where he helped establish the first Western-style business school in the Soviet Union. His global influence included advisory roles with the World Economic Forum, the Tony Blair Faith Foundation, Notre Dame University Law School's Religious Liberty Initiative, Brandeis University's Chaplaincy Innovation Lab, and affiliations with Boston University and Baylor University. Dr. Grim is also known for organizing the Global Business & Intercultural Peace Awards, held in cities like Rio de Janeiro, Seoul, Tokyo, New Delhi, and Washington, D.C., with support from global leaders and organizations including the United Nations Global Compact and American Airlines. He and his wife, Julia Beth, are co-authors of Grims' New Fairy Tales of Love Overcoming Evil (https://grimsfairytales.com/), parents of four and grandparents of 18.

PREVIEW Henry Sokolski discusses a US agreement allowing treaty ally South Korea to build nuclear submarines and enrich uranium. Enrichment is a pathway to nuclear weapons, raising proliferation concerns due to South Korea's half-century history of seeking a nuclear option. Greenlighting enrichment moves Seoul into a position similar to Iran. Guest: Henry Sokolski.

Cha McCoy is an entrepreneur, educator, and sommelier from Harlem. She is the founder of the wine event series the Communion and, later, the brick-and-mortar bottle shop the Communion Wine & Spirits. Now she's sharing her wine knowledge in her first book: Wine Pairing for the People: The Communion of Wine, Food, and Culture from Africa and Beyond. It's an invaluable guide to pairing wine with food, anchored by Cha's own experience traveling in wine regions across the globe, and today on the show, we dig into the process of bringing the book to life. And, at the top of the show, it's the return of Three Things, where Aliza and Matt talk about what is exciting them in the world of restaurants, cookbooks, and the food world as a whole. On this episode: Matt shares about his recent trip to Korea, including stops at Bium and Superpan in Seoul, a visit to Sokcho and Sokcho Kappo, and discovering a very special cafe, Cafe Gid. And Aliza shares about a visit to Kiko, her thoughts on Korea's Fritz Coffee, and the very cool Apartamento Cookbook #10: APHRODISIACS. Subscribe to This Is TASTE: ⁠⁠Apple Podcasts⁠⁠, ⁠⁠Spotify⁠⁠, ⁠⁠YouTube⁠⁠  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This week, a former Ukrainian lawmaker and a Ukrainian military official join the podcast to discuss North Korea's support of Russian forces, and why this poses a threat to South Korea's security. Dr. Hanna Hopko, co-founder of the International Center of Ukrainian Victory, and Ukrainian National Guard Lt. Volodymyr Vernygora examine the evolving DPRK-Russia military partnership, which they say should be raising alarms throughout the international community, as well as Seoul's response. The two experts also stress that South Korean President Lee Jae-myung and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy should boost bilateral engagements to counter these developments, while warning that North Korea's troops are obtaining something money can't always buy: battlefield experience. Hopko is a former member of Ukraine's parliament and the co-founder of the International Center of Ukrainian Victory, a nongovernmental organization seeking to mobilize international support for Kyiv's fight against Ukraine. Vernygora is a lieutenant and international cooperation officer in the 1st Corps Azov of the National Guard of Ukraine, with two decades of experience in international relations, academia, and strategic communications.  About the podcast: The North Korea News Podcast is a weekly podcast hosted by Jacco Zwetsloot exclusively for NK News, covering all things DPRK — from news to extended interviews with leading experts and analysts in the field, along with insights from our very own journalists.

In this second episode of our series on Korean Cults, we trace the tangled roots of Korea's modern messianic movements—shaped by Jeong Deuk-eun (“The Great Holy Mother”) and Kim Baek-moon—gave birth to a new religion that blended Confucianism, Taoism, and Christian language into a syncretic gospel of bloodline purification and “True Bloodline Lineage. We then follow how this ideology influenced later leaders like Jung Myung-seok (JMS) and Park Tae-seon of the Olive Tree Movement, revealing the disturbing legacy of Korean messiahship and political infiltration that continues today through groups like the Moonies, Shincheonji, and WMSCOG. We're joined by Pastor Yang, Adjunct Professor of New Testament at the Presbyterian University and Theological Seminary in Seoul, who holds a Doctor of Theology in New Testament and served as a Visiting Scholar at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School (2023–2024). Also joining us is Chris, a former member of Shincheonji and returning Cultish guest, who shares his firsthand experience and ongoing efforts to raise awareness about the growing global influence of Korean cults. Together, we expose how the False Christs of Korea: The Unification Church and the Olive Tree Legacy which redefined the Gospel, replaced biblical revelation with self-proclaimed messiahs, and continue to shape Korea's—and the world's—spiritual landscape today.Partner With Us & Be Part of the Mission to Change Lives: HERESHOP OUR MERCH: HEREPlease consider subscribing to our YouTube Channel: CultishTV.comCultish is a 100% crowdfunded ministry. -- Email Chris & Pastor Yang: biblev@daum.net Chris@examiningthecults.org Chris's Website: HEREChris's YouTube: HEREPastor Yang's YouTube: HERE

In this episode of the Mike Drop podcast, host Mike Ritland sits down with Ken Rhee, a former Republic of Korea (ROK) Navy SEAL lieutenant who uniquely completed both Korean BUD/S and U.S. Navy SEAL training in Coronado. Raised in the U.S. from age three, Rhee returned to Korea driven by family patriotism, rising through Officer Candidate School to become a tier-one operator in the elite Special Mission Battalion (SMB). Rhee contrasts the brutal mental hazing of Korean SEAL training—complete with paddlings and concrete-head "thinking positions"—against the physical grind of U.S. BUD/S on Coronado's sandy beaches, while highlighting cultural clashes in discipline and confinement. He delves into ROK SEAL gear mirroring U.S. standards (HK416s, Glocks, Crye Precision kits), the ever-present North Korean threat with its massive artillery shadowing Seoul, and the high-tension skirmishes that nearly sparked war. This interview is a fascinating deep dive into cross-cultural special operations, North-South tensions, and the unyielding SEAL ethos. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

This week, Granger sits down with Mike Cheon, a South Korean missionary whose life and faith have taken him from Seoul to the mountains of Afghanistan, and now to church planting in Canada. Together, they talk about what’s being called an “Islamic invasion” and why fear often drives the way Christians view immigration and Islam. But Mike offers a radically different perspective — one that sees these moments not as threats, but as opportunities for the gospel. Through powerful stories of his years living among Afghan families, the loss and near loss of his own children, and the cries of a mother mourning her baby in the rubble of war, Mike reminds us of what it means to see every person as made in the image of God. He shares how lament and worship have opened doors in places where sermons never could, and how the church’s response to suffering can be its greatest witness. It’s a moving conversation about faith without fear, compassion over politics, and what it truly means to love our neighbors — even those we’ve been taught to fear.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.