Podcasts about Parameter

Stassi is administering neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) to improve quadriceps strength following knee surgery. The patient reports that the stimulation feels uncomfortable as the current is delivered. Stassi would like to maintain a strong therapeutic muscle contraction while making the treatment more comfortable for the patient. Which of the following stimulation parameters should be adjusted?A) AmplitudeB) Pulse rate (frequency)C) Pulse durationD) Ramp down timeText our team the word COACH for a free diagnostic: (727) 732-4573

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Presha b2b Aerae recorded live at Parameter Festival 2026 closing night with Endzeit and Samurai Music - Public Works, San Francisco, USA, 17.05.2026

Für diese besondere Folge unterbrechen wir die Studiosofa-Sommerpause: Marc Bohn und Klaus Baetz sprechen mit Komponist, Produzent und Softwareentwickler Oli Ullmann von studiobro über die Entstehung von ARCANE.Die Idee: komplexe Effektketten intuitiv steuern, ohne sich durch unzählige Parameter kämpfen zu müssen. Oli und Marc erzählen, wie aus ersten Soundexperimenten ein fertiges Plug-in entstand, was beim Drehen des zentralen Evolution-Reglers im Hintergrund passiert und warum ARCANE weit mehr als ein klassisches One-Knob-Plug-in ist.Natürlich gibt es auch jede Menge Soundbeispiele – mit Drones, Bass, Gitarre, Synthesizern, Vocals und Drums. Außerdem geht es um die technische Entwicklung, Betatests, fast 150 Presets und die geplanten Updates.ARCANE ist zum Einführungspreis von 49 Euro auf studiobro.net erhältlich. Mit dem Code RECORDING15 spart ihr zusätzlich 15 Prozent.Jetzt reinhören!Sound&Recording-Magazin | Studiosofa Podcaststudiobro.netMusic Store Shopping: ⁠⁠https://tidd.ly/4vH53rO⁠⁠Website: ⁠⁠⁠soundandrecording-magazin.de⁠⁠⁠Webinare: ⁠⁠⁠soundandrecording-magazin.de⁠⁠⁠/webinareCoachings: soundandrecording-magazin.de⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠/coachingsWhatsApp-Gruppe: ⁠⁠⁠soundandrecording-magazin.de/whatsapp⁠⁠⁠Instagram: ⁠⁠⁠@soundandrecording.magazin⁠⁠⁠YouTube: ⁠⁠⁠@StudiosofaPodcast⁠⁠⁠TikTok: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@soundandrecording.mag⁠⁠⁠

SUMMARY: We continue our Models and Money series. In this episode, Brian and Aaron explore the current state and future of AI models, focusing on model size, model harnessing, and intelligent model routing. They discuss whether bigger models are always better, the economics of AI, and how enterprise applications can benefit from tailored AI solutions.SHOW: 1051SHOW TRANSCRIPT: The Enterprise AI Show #1051 TranscriptSHOW VIDEO: https://youtu.be/tkJmeazn8BsSHOW SPONSORS:Nasuni - Activate your data for AI and request a demoTopic: When will the models/harnesses be good enough?Why now? Benchmark Maxxing - cost to build/host/maintain 1+ trillion parameter modelPast: The “wow” moments in versions really stopped around GPT4… (maybe?)Present: Race to the top/bottom, millions spent to gain SOTA for a few daysFuture: Will the pendulum swing back? Will bigger/faster always rule?FEEDBACK?Email: show @ the enterprise ai show dot comeBluesky: @TheEntAIShow.bsky.socialTwitter/X: @TheEntAIShowInstagram: @TheEntAIShow

Ein Kommentar von Claudia Töpper.Am vergangenen Donnerstag, den 30. Juli 2026, veröffentlichte die russische Botschaft eine Pressemitteilung. Darin erklärt die Pressesprecherin des russischen Außenministeriums, Maria Sacharowa, zu den erneuten Drohnenangriffen auf Schiffe im Schwarzen Meer:Weiter heißt es in der Pressemitteilung:„In der Nacht zum 30. Juli verübte das Kiewer Regime erneut Terroranschläge auf Öltanker nahe dem Seeterminal des Kaspischen Pipeline-Konsortiums (CPC) in Noworossijsk.Nach Angaben des Pressedienstes der CPC wurden gezielte Angriffe auf Schiffe unter ausländischer Flagge verübt, die mit internationaler Besatzung bemannt und von ausländischen Unternehmen gechartert waren. Zu den Verladern gehört Tengizchevroil, ein Unternehmen im Besitz des amerikanischen Konzerns Chevron, das sich mit dem Export von Energieressourcen aus der Republik Kasachstan befasst […].“„Besonders besorgniserregend ist die anhaltende Serie von Angriffen ukrainischer Neonazis auf zivile Energieinfrastruktur im Schwarzen Meer – und dies trotz der entschiedenen Stellungnahmen eben jener Länder, die Kiew als seine Partner bezeichnet und deren wirtschaftliche Interessen – in diesem Fall die von Kasachstan und den Vereinigten Staaten – durch die Politik des unverhohlen arroganten und zunehmend realitätsfernen Wolodymyr Selenskyj immer größeren Schaden erleiden. Außenminister Sergej Lawrow betont sowohl in seinen öffentlichen Erklärungen als auch in Gesprächen mit seinen Amtskollegen aus dem Ausland immer wieder den terroristischen Charakter des Kiewer Regimes und weist auf die Bedrohungen hin, die dieses absichtlich für die internationale Energieinfrastruktur darstellt.Der Anführer des zusammenbrechenden Kiewer Regimes hat nicht nur längst seine Legitimität verwirkt, sondern ist auch offensichtlich verhandlungsunfähig. Er versucht, so viele Staaten wie möglich in seine terroristischen Eskapaden hineinzuziehen und den Konflikt zu eskalieren. Es ist bezeichnend, dass einige ausländische Persönlichkeiten, […] bereits Bedenken hinsichtlich der Risiken einer unkontrollierten Eskalation äußern.Wie sonst soll man die Situation interpretieren, in der der Anführer der kriminellen Kiewer Clique bei einem kürzlichen Besuch in Washington einen angeblichen Wunsch nach einem Waffenstillstand verkündet, sich in Demagogie über bestimmte Parameter zur Lösung des Konflikts ergeht und genau in diesem Moment weiterhin Angriffe auf internationale Kraftstoff- und Energieversorgungsketten genehmigt und […] die Vermögenswerte genau jenes Landes angreift, von dem er unablässig politische, militärische und finanzielle Unterstützung einfordert?Es ist kaum vorstellbar, dass das Weiße Haus diese Entwicklungen nicht zur Kenntnis nimmt. Wir erwarten, dass die amerikanischen Behörden, die Einfluss auf Kiew haben, endlich eine angemessene Einschätzung des doppelzüngigen Verhaltens von Wolodymyr Selenskyj vornehmen und ihn in Schach halten. Dasselbe erwarten wir von den Vereinten Nationen und anderen internationalen Gremien. Geschieht dies nicht, kommt dies einer Anstiftung des Kiewer Regimes zu weiteren Gräueltaten gleich und bedeutet faktisch eine Mitschuld an dessen Handlungen.“ (1)...https://apolut.net/tankerangriffe-zufall-oder-politische-botschaft-von-claudia-topper/

Die VO2max gilt als der heilige Gral für deine Laufperformance. Aber ist sie womöglich ein überschätzter Parameter? In dieser Folge räumen wir mit Missverständnissen rund um die VO2max auf, beleuchten den genetischen Einfluss und zeigen dir, welche Faktoren oft entscheidender sind als die VO2max auf deinem Laufuhr-Display.Foto: Canva/Jacob LundMusik: No ExcusesHier findet ihr unsere aktuellen Gewinnspiele & Rabatt-Aktionen!Spare bei LAPONDO 20% auf alle Shokz-Modelle mit dem Code "running20"! Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Die VO2max gilt als der heilige Gral für deine Laufperformance. Aber ist sie womöglich ein überschätzter Parameter? In dieser Folge räumen wir mit Missverständnissen rund um die VO2max auf, beleuchten den genetischen Einfluss und zeigen dir, welche Faktoren oft entscheidender sind als die VO2max auf deinem Laufuhr-Display.Foto: Canva/Jacob LundMusik: No ExcusesHier findet ihr unsere aktuellen Gewinnspiele & Rabatt-Aktionen!Spare bei LAPONDO 20% auf alle Shokz-Modelle mit dem Code "running20"! Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information. Dieser Podcast wird vermarktet von der Podcastbude.www.podcastbu.de - Full-Service-Podcast-Agentur - Konzeption, Produktion, Vermarktung, Distribution und Hosting.Du möchtest deinen Podcast auch kostenlos hosten und damit Geld verdienen?Dann schaue auf www.kostenlos-hosten.de und informiere dich.Dort erhältst du alle Informationen zu unseren kostenlosen Podcast-Hosting-Angeboten. kostenlos-hosten.de ist ein Produkt der Podcastbude.

Norwegische Staatsanleihen bringen derzeit Renditen von über 4 % p.a. und gleichzeitig weist das Land attraktive Parameter (z.B. geringe Staatsverschuldung, Haushaltsüberschüsse) aus Kreditgebersicht aus - vor allem relativ zur Eurozone.  Flucht aus dem Euro: ist unser Geld statt in Euro nicht wesentlich besser in norwegische Kronen aufgehoben, wenn wir dort auch noch höhere Zinsen verdienen können? In dieser Folge besprechen wir die Attraktivität von Staatsanleihen aus Norwegen aus Investorensicht.  Veranstaltungsreihe "Die Kunst Unternehmen zu bewerten (aus Investorensicht)": Lerne Unternehmen wie ein Profi zu bewerten Jeden Sonntag mehr Geldbildung direkt in Dein E-Mail-Postfach. Seit 2014. Schließe Dich über 10.000 cleveren Geldbildern an: Jetzt Teil der sonntäglichen Community werden Hinweis: Die in dieser Podcast Folge genannten Informationen sind zu keiner Zeit als Anlageempfehlung zu verstehen

In 3 min kann man sich die Zähne putzen, ein 'langes' Reel schauen oder sich nach allen Regeln der Kunst zerlegen. Wer bei der letzten Ausführung gespant aufhorcht, ist in diesem #sciencesnack gut aufgehoben......es geht ihr um den wahrscheinlich effizientesten und zugleich fiesesten test der Leistungsdiagnostik: dem 3-min all-out Test. zUsammen mit Moritz Piehl habe ich mich mit der Literatur dieses Tests beschäftigt un einen entsprechenden Übersichtsartikel geschrieben. Dabei wollten wir vor allem wissen:– Ist der 3-min all-out Test und seine Parameter reliabel/reproduzierbar? – Kommt er zu validen Ergebnissen im Vergleich zum "Gold-Standard"? UND...– Welchen Einfluss hat dabei die verwendete Methodik?Die brandneuen Antworten auf diese und weitere Fragen bekommt ihr in diesem #sciencesnack #049Hier die Studie: Quittmann & Piehl (2026) Eur J Appl Physiol: The 3-min all-out test in cycling: a systematic review and meta-analysis on its reliability and validityhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00421-026-06356-w Hier eine Playlist mit allen #sciencesnackshttps://open.spotify.com/playlist/10RidgFbWxpq2Uo7ieF84V?si=MbLfAgYMR4aD_AyHzR4Cfg&pi=QSKvlxDxSRi1XHier eine Playlist zu allen Gastfolgenhttps://open.spotify.com/playlist/2KAIQpuFMv21jKYqeBA3zy?si=jjmr2JycTE2Q1Vm9Y16LMA&pi=39X3URPuQxemdHier könnt ihr den Podcast unterstützen!

In der letzten Folge haben wir das berühmte EPR-Argument näher angeschaut, in dem Albert Einstein gezeigt hatte, dass die Physiker nicht gleichzeitig Realität und Lokalität haben können und gleichzeitig davon ausgehen können, dass die Quantenmechanik der Weisheit letzter Schluss ist. Er hoffte, die Quantentheorie durch „verborgene Parameter“ ergänzen zu können, um unsere alltäglichen Konzepte von Realität und Kausalität zu bewahren. Lange Zeit galt dieser Streit zwischen Einstein und Niels Bohr als unlösbare philosophische Debatte, bis 1964 der Physiker John Bell auf den Plan trat. Ihm gelang ein absoluter Geniestreich: Er goss Einsteins metaphysische Forderungen in ein mathematisches Konstrukt und machte sie experimentell überprüfbar. Damit konnte man später zeigen, dass die Welt nicht lokalrealistisch ist und die Quantenphysik ohne verborgene Parameter auskommt. Zusammen mit Quantenoptiker Sven Ramelow spreche ich darüber, wie John Bell aus reiner Philosophie knallharte Experimentalphysik machte. Wir klären, warum ein Experimentator unbedingt einen „freien Willen“ braucht, weshalb Niels Bohr am Ende recht behielt und wieso Einsteins Zweifel die moderne Physik trotzdem entscheidend vorangebracht haben. Viel Spaß beim Hören!

Millionentransfers entstehen nicht durch Zufall. Hinter jedem großen Deal steckt jemand, der früher hingeschaut hat als alle anderen. Björn Andersohn ist einer dieser Persönlichkeiten.Björn war Scout bei Eintracht Frankfurt in einer ihrer erfolgreichsten Phasen – Kolo Muani, Jovic, Haller: Er und sein Team haben diese späteren Millionenspieler gescoutet. Heute scouted er beim FC Schalke 04. Was er in dieser Zeit gelernt hat – über Talentbewertung, Fehleinschätzungen und die Fragen, die kein Datentool beantworten kann – teilt er in dieser Folge des Football Leverage® Podcasts.Was dich u.a. erwartet: – Woran Scouts erkennen, ob ein Spieler das Zeug zum Profi hat – Welche Rolle mentale Stärke bei der Talentbewertung spielt – Daten und KI im modernen Scouting: Was sie leisten – und wo sie scheitern – Was Eltern im Umgang mit ihrem Kind im Fussball beachten sollten – Wie ein typischer Arbeitsalltag im Profi-Scouting wirklich aussieht – und ob es den überhaupt gibtEine Folge für jeden, der verstehen will, was hinter den Kulissen des Scoutings im Profifussball wirklich passiert!----------------------------------------------------------------Timestamps:00:03:28 - Björn's Anfänge und Karriere als Fußballspieler00:05:41 - Erfahrungen als Trainer und Entwicklung von Spielern00:07:20 - Wechsel zu Eintracht Frankfurt und Beginn der Scouting-Karriere00:17:24 - Strategie der Spielerentwicklung und -ausleihe00:17:46 - Erfahrungen mit Leihspielern und Transfer-Einnahmen00:26:48 - Konzept der Schattenelf im Scouting00:30:05 - Umgang mit Fehleinschätzungen und Herausforderungen00:34:17 - Unterschiede im Scouting zwischen verschiedenen Vereinen00:40:08 - Arbeitstag und Arbeitswoche eines Scouts00:47:17 - Scouting des mentalen Bereichs eines Spielers00:49:55 - Parameter und Herausforderungen bei der Integration von Spielern00:52:12 - Beispiel für erfolgreiche Spielerintegration: Tuta00:59:41 - Einfluss und Rolle der Eltern in der Spielerentwicklung01:03:55 - Empfehlungen für Eltern zur Unterstützung der Spielerentwicklung01:10:12 - Bedeutung der Kreativität und Freiraum im Training01:13:46 - Entwicklung des Fußballs und Scouting01:19:18 - Entwicklung des Fußballs und der Spielstile01:24:46 - Zukunft des Scoutings: Künstliche Intelligenz01:29:22 - Ratschläge für junge Fußballer und deren Eltern?

➡️ Werde Physiorelax®-Produkttester:in!https://www.physio-relax.de/physiorelax-produkttester?utm_source=podcast&utm_medium=paid&utm_campaign=achilles_runningWie sollten wir unser Lauftraining steuern, wenn das Ziel die allgemeine Gesundheit ist? Und welche Parameter spielen die größte Rolle, wenn es um reine Performance geht? Im Gespräch mit Prof. Dr. Olaf Hoos beleuchten wir die entscheidenden Tools zur Trainingssteuerung: Puls, Pace und HRV. Wir diskutieren, wie sich die klassischen Trainingszonen je nach Trainingsziel verschieben und worauf es beim Training für Leistung vs. Longevity ankommt. Viel Spaß beim Hören!(00:01:47) - Intro Ende(00:05:29) - Health vs. Performance: Guide zur Trainingssteuerung(00:16:17) - Bestimmung deiner Trainingszonen(00:20:33) - Pace vs. Puls(00:32:31) - Aktuelle Studienlage für Dauerbelastungen(00:37:57) - Herzfrequenzdrift richtig interpretieren(00:46:15) - HRV & ihre Bedeutung für Longevity(00:51:30) - Ist die HRV wichtig für deine Ziele?(00:59:35) - HRV im Training nutzen(01:11:30) - Beschäftige dich mit deinem Körper!Hier findest du alle Veröffentlichungen von Olaf.Hier erfährst du mehr über die HRV: www.hrv-sport.deHier geht's zur Website der IGAF: www.igafev.comFoto: Olaf HoosMusik: The Artisian Beat - Man of the Century➡️ Spare bis zu 25% bei prepmymeal.de: https://influencer.prepmymeal.com/achillesrunningHier findet ihr unsere aktuellen Gewinnspiele & Rabatt-Aktionen! Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

➡️ Spare bis zu 25% bei prepmymeal.de: https://influencer.prepmymeal.com/achillesrunningWie sollten wir unser Lauftraining steuern, wenn das Ziel die allgemeine Gesundheit ist? Und welche Parameter spielen die größte Rolle, wenn es um reine Performance geht? Im Gespräch mit Prof. Dr. Olaf Hoos beleuchten wir die entscheidenden Tools zur Trainingssteuerung: Puls, Pace und HRV. Wir diskutieren, wie sich die klassischen Trainingszonen je nach Trainingsziel verschieben und worauf es beim Training für Leistung vs. Longevity ankommt. Viel Spaß beim Hören!(00:01:47) - Intro Ende(00:05:29) - Health vs. Performance: Guide zur Trainingssteuerung(00:16:17) - Bestimmung deiner Trainingszonen(00:20:33) - Pace vs. Puls(00:32:31) - Aktuelle Studienlage für Dauerbelastungen(00:37:57) - Herzfrequenzdrift ... Dieser Podcast wird vermarktet von der Podcastbude.www.podcastbu.de - Full-Service-Podcast-Agentur - Konzeption, Produktion, Vermarktung, Distribution und Hosting.Du möchtest deinen Podcast auch kostenlos hosten und damit Geld verdienen?Dann schaue auf www.kostenlos-hosten.de und informiere dich.Dort erhältst du alle Informationen zu unseren kostenlosen Podcast-Hosting-Angeboten. kostenlos-hosten.de ist ein Produkt der Podcastbude.

Die VO₂max gilt als einer der wichtigsten Parameter im Ausdauersport. Doch kaum eine Kennzahl wird so häufig missverstanden und falsch interpretiert. In dieser Episode räumen wir mit drei weit verbreiteten Irrtümern rund um die VO₂max auf:

Send us Fan MailWir analysieren, ob das Werbeversprechen "Elektrolyte hydrieren besser als Wasser" wirklich durch Studien belegt ist.Die Physiologie der Elektrolyte und der WasserhaushaltWie Dehydrierung und das Blutplasma beeinflussenWie Elektrolyte das Blutplasma beeinflussenDer Einfluss von Elektrolyten auf die RehydrierungDer Einfluss verschiedener Natriumkonzentrationen auf physiologische Parameter des Wasserhaushalts und des HerzkreislaufsystemsWirken sich Elektrolyte wirklich positiv auf die Leistungsfähigkeit aus? Wenn ja, aber welchem Wasserverlust und Sportdauer?Wann Elektrolyte wirklich Sinn ergeben: in Abhängigkeit von Sportdauer, Schweißverlust und Natriumverlust Supplement DeepDive für Coaches und SportlerUnser Meal-Prep Rezepte eBookUnser Praxisguide für SportlerNutrition coaching for athletes (DE & ENGL) athlEATcoach Instagram athlEATcoach website

today we examine the shifting landscape of artificial intelligence, specifically comparing Small Language Models (SLMs) against Large Language Models (LLMs). Research highlights that SLMs consume 60-70% less energy and water, offering a more sustainable alternative for straightforward tasks without sacrificing accuracy. While LLMs remain superior for complex reasoning and abstract puzzles, they demand significant computational infrastructure and financial investment. Enterprises are increasingly adopting SLMs for specialized applications in healthcare and finance to enhance data privacy and operational efficiency. To balance performance with environmental costs, experts suggest a context-aware deployment strategy that switches between models based on task difficulty. Ultimately, the transition toward right-sized AI reflects a maturation of the industry toward pragmatic, governed, and resource-efficient solutions.

In dieser Folge zeige ich dir, wie du selbst mit wenig Eigenkapital große Projekte realisieren kannst – ganz ohne Bank. Ich nehme dich mit in die Welt des Genussrechts- und Mezzaninekapitals und erkläre, wie du durch gezielte Vertragsgestaltung frisches Kapital als wirtschaftliches Eigenkapital in deine Bilanz holst. Du erfährst, wie wir aus 50.000 Euro Eigenkapital Projekte bis zu zwei Millionen Euro stemmen und welche Chancen dir diese Finanzierungsform für Unternehmenskauf, Expansion oder Innovation eröffnet. Ich spreche offen über die Vorteile, Fallstricke und die entscheidenden Parameter, damit du als Unternehmer wachsen kannst, ohne dich von Banken abhängig zu machen. Hör rein und finde heraus, wie du deine Liquidität und Bonität gezielt hebelst – für echte Wachstumssprünge!

Sponsor: Prolon Scheinfasten-Box / 25% mit dem Code staYoung25 und diesem Link: https://prolon-fasten.com/discount/stayoung25?utm_source=podcast&utm_medium=preroll&utm_campaign=stayoungMein neues Buch „Alles wird gut – aber nicht von alleine" erscheint am 23.08.2026 und kann jetzt schon vorbestellt werden. Darin teile ich meine wichtigsten Erkenntnisse rund um ein langes, gesundes und selbstbestimmtes Leben. Hier kannst du es vorbestellen: https://link.stayoung.de/alleswirdgutIn dieser Folge spreche ich mit Prof. Dr. Katharina Timper, Endokrinologin, Inhaberin des Lehrstuhls für Klinische Ernährungsmedizin an der TU München und Ärztliche Direktorin am TUM Universitätsklinikum München, über ein Thema, das längst alle angeht: Adipositas. Über die Hälfte der erwachsenen Bevölkerung in Deutschland ist von Übergewicht oder Adipositas betroffen, weltweit hat sich daraus eine regelrechte Pandemie entwickelt. Adipositas ist keine Frage von Schuld oder fehlendem Willen, sondern eine chronische Stoffwechselerkrankung, die zu einem großen Teil genetisch bedingt ist und durch Umweltfaktoren, Ernährung, Bewegung und Stress beeinflusst wird. Wir sprechen darüber, was im Gehirn, in den Fettzellen und im Immunsystem geschieht, warum der BMI als Diagnoseinstrument zu kurz greift, welche Rolle das viszerale Fett und die chronische Entzündung für Folgeerkrankungen spielen und welche Behandlungsmöglichkeiten es heute gibt, von den GLP-1-basierten Medikamenten bis zur bariatrischen Chirurgie. Mein besonderer Fokus liegt am Ende dort, wo das staYoung-Herz schlägt: bei der Prävention und der Frage, wie wir gesünder und länger leben können. In dieser Folge sprechen wir u.a. über folgende Themen: - Warum bei Adipositas die Frage nach Schuld keinen Platz hat - Was im Gehirn geschieht und warum Adipositas kein intellektuelles Problem ist - Wie viele Menschen weltweit und in Deutschland betroffen sind - Warum der BMI eine ungenaue Maßeinheit ist und welche Parameter besser geeignet sind - Welche Rolle hochverarbeitete Lebensmittel und das Belohnungssystem im Gehirn spielen - Weshalb rund 70 Prozent der Adipositas genetisch bedingt sind - Wie chronische Entzündung und viszerales Fett Folgeerkrankungen antreiben - Warum Leptinresistenz das Sättigungsgefühl dauerhaft stört - Was die sogenannte Abnehmspritze im Gehirn bewirkt und welche Nebenwirkungen diskutiert werden - Weshalb Adipositas heute behandelbar, aber nicht heilbar ist - Welche Möglichkeiten die bariatrische Chirurgie bietet und wo ihre Grenzen liegen - Was wir durch Prävention erreichen können und warum eine Zuckersteuer die beste Evidenz hat. Weitere Informationen zu Prof. Dr. Katharina Timper findest du hier: https://mri.tum.de/de/klinische-ernaehrungsmedizin Du interessierst dich für Gesunde Langlebigkeit (Longevity) und möchtest ein Leben lang gesund und fit bleiben, dann folge mir auch auf den sozialen Kanälen bei Instagram, TikTok, Facebook oder YouTube. https://www.instagram.com/nina.ruge.official https://www.tiktok.com/@nina.ruge.official https://www.facebook.com/NinaRugeOffiziell https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCOe2d1hLARB60z2hg039l9g Disclaimer: Ich bin keine Ärztin und meine Inhalte ersetzen keine medizinische Beratung. Bei gesundheitlichen Fragen wende dich bitte an deinen Arzt/deine Ärztin. STY-292 YouTube-Kapitel 00:00 Adipositas ist eine chronische Erkrankung, keine Frage der Schuld 03:00 Was im Gehirn passiert: genetische und epigenetische Veränderungen 05:00 Zahlen einer weltweiten Pandemie 06:00 Warum der BMI als Diagnose zu kurz greift 08:30 Ursachen: hochverarbeitete Lebensmittel und das Belohnungssystem 13:30 Bewegungsmangel, Schlaf und Stress als Faktoren 17:00 Die Rolle der Gene 21:00 Was im Körper geschieht: Entzündung, Leptin und viszerales Fett 27:00 Folgeerkrankungen von Diabetes bis Krebs 28:00 Behandlung: Vorgehen in der Klinik und Medikamente 41:00 Die Abnehmspritze und ihre Nebenwirkungen 54:00 Prävention als zentrale Aufgabe

Die meisten Fahrräder mit elektrischem Antrieb – die Pedelecs – liegen in einer ziemlich praktischen rechtlichen Kategorie: Unter bestimmten und durchaus praxisnahen Voraussetzungen (Tretunterstützung bis 25 km/h, maximal 250 Watt Dauerleistung etc.) sind sie normalen Fahrrädern gleichgestellt. Die Definition ist allerdings löchrig. Parameter wie zulässiges Gesamtgesicht, kurzzeitige Höchstleistung, Mehrspurigkeit und Abmessungen des Gefährts sind bislang kaum bis gar nicht reguliert. In dieser Folge des c't uplink geht es um die technischen Entwicklungen und wie Hersteller selbst derzeit versuchen, sich auf Maximalparameter zu einigen – um zu verhindern, dass die Politik irgendwann so hart eingreift, dass sämtliche Pedelecs versicherungspflichtig werden. Außerdem sprechen wir über drei aktuelle Pedelecs, die wir vor Kurzem getestet haben.

Die meisten Fahrräder mit elektrischem Antrieb – die Pedelecs – liegen in einer ziemlich praktischen rechtlichen Kategorie: Unter bestimmten und durchaus praxisnahen Voraussetzungen (Tretunterstützung bis 25 km/h, maximal 250 Watt Dauerleistung etc.) sind sie normalen Fahrrädern gleichgestellt. Die Definition ist allerdings löchrig. Parameter wie zulässiges Gesamtgesicht, kurzzeitige Höchstleistung, Mehrspurigkeit und Abmessungen des Gefährts sind bislang kaum bis gar nicht reguliert. In dieser Folge des c't uplink geht es um die technischen Entwicklungen und wie Hersteller selbst derzeit versuchen, sich auf Maximalparameter zu einigen – um zu verhindern, dass die Politik irgendwann so hart eingreift, dass sämtliche Pedelecs versicherungspflichtig werden. Außerdem sprechen wir über drei aktuelle Pedelecs, die wir vor Kurzem getestet haben. Zu Gast: Robin Brand, Steffen Herget Host: Jan Schüßler Produktion: Tobias Reimer Mehr zur Regulierung von E-Bikes und den aktuellen Test lesen Sie bei heise+ (€): - Immer stärkere Motoren: Riskiert die E-Bike-Industrie ihre Regulierung?: https://www.heise.de/hintergrund/Immer-staerkere-Motoren-Riskiert-die-E-Bike-Industrie-ihre-Regulierung-10640546.html - Alltag und Reichweite: E-Bikes mit Antrieb von Bosch, Pinion und Shimano im Test: https://www.heise.de/tests/E-Bikes-von-Bosch-Pinion-und-Shimano-im-Test-Alltag-und-Reichweite-11206068.html

Die meisten Fahrräder mit elektrischem Antrieb – die Pedelecs – liegen in einer ziemlich praktischen rechtlichen Kategorie: Unter bestimmten und durchaus praxisnahen Voraussetzungen (Tretunterstützung bis 25 km/h, maximal 250 Watt Dauerleistung etc.) sind sie normalen Fahrrädern gleichgestellt. Die Definition ist allerdings löchrig. Parameter wie zulässiges Gesamtgesicht, kurzzeitige Höchstleistung, Mehrspurigkeit und Abmessungen des Gefährts sind bislang kaum bis gar nicht reguliert. In dieser Folge des c't uplink geht es um die technischen Entwicklungen und wie Hersteller selbst derzeit versuchen, sich auf Maximalparameter zu einigen – um zu verhindern, dass die Politik irgendwann so hart eingreift, dass sämtliche Pedelecs versicherungspflichtig werden. Außerdem sprechen wir über drei aktuelle Pedelecs, die wir vor Kurzem getestet haben. Zu Gast: Robin Brand, Steffen Herget Host: Jan Schüßler Produktion: Tobias Reimer Mehr zur Regulierung von E-Bikes und den aktuellen Test lesen Sie bei heise+ (€): - Immer stärkere Motoren: Riskiert die E-Bike-Industrie ihre Regulierung?: https://www.heise.de/hintergrund/Immer-staerkere-Motoren-Riskiert-die-E-Bike-Industrie-ihre-Regulierung-10640546.html - Alltag und Reichweite: E-Bikes mit Antrieb von Bosch, Pinion und Shimano im Test: https://www.heise.de/tests/E-Bikes-von-Bosch-Pinion-und-Shimano-im-Test-Alltag-und-Reichweite-11206068.html

Seit über dreißig Jahren besteht das Belcea Quartet. Im Jahre 1994 fanden sich – initiiert von der rumänischen Geigerin Corina Belcea – vier Musikstudent:innen des Londoner Royal College of Music zusammen. Neben Corina Belcea ist heute noch der polnische Bratschist Krzysztof Chorzelski als Gründungsmitglied dabei, mit dem unser Host Katie Knees im Podcast der Kölner Philharmonie ein lockeres Gespräch auf Englisch führt. Krzysztof blickt u. a. zurück auf die Träume, die sich für das Quartet als Nominierte in der Reihe Rising Stars für eine Karriere eröffneten, beschreibt, wie wichtig die Beziehung zu den Quartettmitgliedern ist und welche Parameter entscheidend sind, um so lange als Quartet erfolgreich zu sein. Am 8. Juni ist das Quartet in der Kölner Philharmonie zu erleben. Foto ©Maurice Haas

Egal ob Laufgadgets, Supershoes oder Trainingslager - die neuesten Tools und Trainingsmethoden sind nicht länger den Profis vorbehalten, sondern im Amateursport angekommen. In dieser Podcastfolge beleuchten wir deshalb mit Sportwissenschaftler und Triathlet Prof. Dr. Olaf Ueberschär, wie viel Professionalisierung im Hobbylaufen sinnvoll ist: Wir diskutieren gemeinsam, welche Tools und Kennzahlen wirklich Mehrwert bieten - und was lediglich Geld- und Zeitverschwendung ist.➡️ Werde Physiorelax®-Produkttester:in!https://www.physio-relax.de/physiorelax-produkttester?utm_source=podcast&utm_medium=paid&utm_campaign=achilles_running(00:01:51) - Intro Ende(00:06:42) - Wird der Hobbysport professioneller?(00:12:08) - Hobby- vs. Profibereich: Wer trackt mehr Parameter?(00:16:18) - Datenflut interpretieren!(00:25:22) - Sind diese Kenngrößen zuverlässig?(00:36:45) - Wie zuverlässig ist die HRV-Messung?(00:42:35) - Deine Uhr zeigt dir die falsche VO2max(00:47:20) - Diese Parameter professionalisieren dein Training(01:00:15) - Höhentraining, Trainingslager & Laufanalyse: Bringt's was?(01:14:56) - Lohnen sich Carbonschuhe?(01:25:58) - Professioneller trainieren durch das richtige Fueling(01:30:52) - Bicarbonat als Geheimwaffe?(01:38:58) - 3 Tipps zur Professionalisierung!(01:43:40) - GewinnspielHier findet ihr Olafs Website: www.olaf-ueberschaer.deUnd hier seinen Instagram-Account.Hier geht's zur H2 Biomechanik der HS Magdeburg-Stendal.Foto: Olaf UeberschärMusik: The Artisian Beat - Man of the Century➡️ Teilnahme am Gewinnspiel: Schreibe uns an redaktion@achilles-running.de oder auf IG unter achilles.running, warum eine Laufanalyse dein Training professionalisieren würde! Teilnahmeschluss ist der 14.06.2026.Details zu den Teilnahmebedingungen: https://www.achilles-running.de/wp-content/uploads/Teilnahmebedingungen.pdfHier findest du alle aktuellen Rabatt-Aktionen von unseren Werbepartner:innen! Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Die Digitalisierung schreitet auch in der Laufwelt unaufhaltsam voran. Neue Tools sind nicht länger dem Profisport vorbehalten, sondern tragen zur Professionalisierung im Hobbybereich bei. In dieser Folge beleuchten wir mit Prof. Dr. Olaf Ueberschär, wie viel Professionalisierung im Hobbysport sinnvoll ist: Wir diskutieren gemeinsam, welche Tools und Kennzahlen wirklich Mehrwert bieten - und was lediglich Geld- und Zeitverschwendung ist.(00:01:51) - Intro Ende(00:06:42) - Wird der Hobbysport professioneller?(00:12:08) - Hobby- vs. Profibereich: Wer trackt mehr Parameter?(00:16:18) - Datenflut interpretieren!(00:25:22) - Sind diese Kenngrößen zuverlässig?(00:36:45) - Wie zuverlässig ist die HRV-Messung?(00:42:35) - Deine Uhr zeigt dir die falsche VO2max(00:47:20) - Diese Parameter professionalisieren ... Dieser Podcast wird vermarktet von der Podcastbude.www.podcastbu.de - Full-Service-Podcast-Agentur - Konzeption, Produktion, Vermarktung, Distribution und Hosting.Du möchtest deinen Podcast auch kostenlos hosten und damit Geld verdienen?Dann schaue auf www.kostenlos-hosten.de und informiere dich.Dort erhältst du alle Informationen zu unseren kostenlosen Podcast-Hosting-Angeboten. kostenlos-hosten.de ist ein Produkt der Podcastbude.

An experimental cosmologist with 35 years of CMB research breaks down the curvature tension — and why the viral claim that "everything we know about cosmology is wrong" doesn't survive contact with the actual data. Subscribe if you want science with evidence, not speculation. Dr. Brian Keating is Chancellor's Distinguished Professor of Physics at UC San Diego and one of the leading experimental cosmologists working on the cosmic microwave background. He has spent three decades on experiments including BICEP, BICEP2, the Simons Array, and the Simons Observatory — the same data ecosystem at the center of this debate. We cover: why a statistical preference in one dataset is not the same as a discovery, what Planck actually measured and what its curvature signal does and doesn't mean, why combining CMB data with baryon acoustic oscillations changes the picture, the difference between geometry and topology that most explainers skip, and why science communicators who sensationalize real tensions do more damage than they realize. A clickable title and a photogenic host are not the same thing as a careful inference from the data. Key Takeaways: 00:00 A flat universe means the angles of any triangle in space sum to exactly 180° 02:10 Zero curvature is a unique number — it demands explanation, which is part of why inflation matters 04:45 Geometry describes how space behaves at scale; topology is a separate question most explainers conflate 07:30 Planck's curvature preference appears in some analyses — it is real, but it is also model-sensitive 10:00 A statistical preference within one dataset is not a confirmed result 12:20 Parameter degeneracy means changing one cosmological knob shifts others — results are not isolated 14:40 When Planck data is combined with baryon acoustic oscillation data, the case for curvature weakens 17:00 The honest summary: the curvature tension is worth watching, but nowhere near decisive 18:30 Sensationalizing legitimate tensions trains the public to think science only matters when it's exploding ———

Zyklus, Eisprung, Hormone: Dinge, die in unserem Körper passieren, über die uns aber kaum jemand je wirklich aufgeklärt hat. In dieser Folge holen Dr. med. Rieke Hermann und Katharina Charissé nach, was Schule und Frauenarzt häufig schuldig geblieben sind: ein ehrliches, verständliches und vollständiges Bild davon, wie der weibliche Zyklus wirklich funktioniert und was das für Verhütung, Kinderwunsch und dein Körpergefühl bedeutet. Das lernst du in dieser Episode Warum du mit der Pille keinen echten Zyklus und keinen Eisprung hast und was das mit deinen Hormonen macht Wie die zwei Zyklusphasen hormonell funktionieren und warum nicht jeder Zyklus 28 Tage sein muss Wann du wirklich fruchtbar bist und warum der Tag des Eisprungs nicht der beste Zeitpunkt ist, um schwanger zu werden Was Zervixschleim, Temperaturmethode und Ovulationstest dir über deinen Körper verraten Ab wann du bei Kinderwunsch zur Ärztin gehen solltest und welche zwei Parameter wirklich entscheidend sind Zeitmarken 00:00 – Intro & persönliche Erfahrungen mit Pille und Zyklus 03:02 – Pille und Zyklus: Warum kein Eisprung bedeutet keine eigenen Hormone 10:35 – Die zwei Zyklusphasen: Östrogen, Progesteron & was normal ist 17:30 – Kinderwunsch: Wann bin ich wirklich fruchtbar und wie tracke ich das richtig? 22:01 – Eisprung ohne Periode, Progesteronmangel & wann du zur Ärztin gehst 27:22 – Die 3 größten Irrtümer über den Zyklus – und was PMS damit zu tun hat Mehr zu unseren Kursen, Ausbildungen, unserem Buch, Webinaren & Social Media, sowie unseren Werbepartnern findest Du hier: Shownotes

In diesem Video werfen wir einen ganz genauen Blick auf die brandneue Soundlibrary **Oblivion Drums von Heavyocity**!

Borussia hat sich mit einem 4:0 gegen die TSG Hoffenheim aus der Saison verabschiedet. Es gab ein Comeback, einen emotionalen Hack-Moment und Tor und Tragik um Haris Tabakovic. Was noch aussteht: die Antwort auf die Trainerfrage. Warum sich der Trend für Eugen Polanski gewendet hat und welche Parameter entscheiden werden, diskutieren unsere Reporter im neuen Fohlenfutter-Podcast.

Wie alt willst du werden? Hast du dir darüber schon mal Gedanken gemacht? Manche sagen: „Nicht so alt." Manche sagen: „Steinalt." Manche sagen: „Das weiß ich doch nicht." Tja, was ist jetzt richtig? Wenn du sagst: „Weiß ich nicht", dann lebst du einfach in den Tag hinein. Irgendwann war es das dann. Schön, wenn du sagen kannst: „Boah, ich habe ein geiles Leben gehabt." Blöd, wenn du sagen musst: „Ich habe mir alles ein bisschen anders vorgestellt." Genau das machen viele Menschen. Sie sagen: „Ich habe mir alles ganz anders vorgestellt." Ja, vorgestellt, aber nicht geplant. Deswegen ist meine Empfehlung: Mach dir jetzt mal Gedanken, wie alt du werden willst. Setz dich mal hin und rechne es aus. Ich habe das gemacht. Zuerst habe ich gesagt: 80 Jahre sind okay. Dann habe ich ausgerechnet: Das ist ja schon in 13 Jahren. Dann habe ich ausgerechnet, wie viele Wochen, Tage und Stunden das noch sind. Mit Schrecken festgestellt: Oh mein Gott, das ist gar nicht mehr so viel. Also habe ich auf 90 Jahre hochgerechnet. Das fühlte sich schon besser an. Dann habe ich ein paar Parameter abgeglichen: Mein Vater ist 96 geworden, meine Mutter ist jetzt 92. Also ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit gar nicht so schlecht. Dann habe ich wieder geschaut, was ich alles noch vorhabe. Wieder festgestellt: Reicht mir nicht. Ich gehe mal auf 100. Jetzt kannst du sagen: „Was für ein Blödsinn." Aus deiner Sicht hast du vielleicht recht. Für mich ist es kein Blödsinn. Für mich ist es absolute Faszination, weil ich dadurch ein Gefühl bekomme, wie viele Tage und Stunden ich noch habe. Es geht darum, deine Zeit wertzuschätzen. Es geht darum, deine Lebenszeit nicht zu verplempern. Wenn du sagst: Ich will 90 oder 100 werden, dann kommt die nächste Frage: Was muss ich dafür tun? Wenn du trinkst, reduziert es die Wahrscheinlichkeit. Wenn du rauchst, reduziert es sie auch. Wenn du zu viel Gewicht auf den Rippen hast, ist das auch nicht unbedingt förderlich. Deswegen bin ich aufgrund meiner neuen Planung auch in der Reduktion. Ich mache regelmäßig Massagen, nehme Nahrungsergänzungsmittel, nutze Whirlpool, mache Vitalentspannung und schaue, dass ich beweglich und flexibel bleibe. Ich habe festgestellt: Da darf ich noch ein paar Parameter mehr machen, um die 100 zu schaffen. Das gibt mir ein gutes Gefühl. Es gibt mir auch ein Gefühl von Gelassenheit. Denn ich hatte manchmal den Gedanken: „Mir reicht das Leben nicht mehr." Genau das erzeugt unnötigen Stress. Also geht es darum, diesen Stressfaktor rauszunehmen. Ich mache diese Übung übrigens auch immer in meinen VIP-Coachings. Genau dieser Frage gehen wir nach, damit wir wirklich noch ein ganz geiles Leben haben. Denn mit 67 Jahren ist das Leben nicht vorbei. Da kann man nochmal 30 Jahre draufpacken. Das fühlt sich sehr, sehr schön an. Das gibt ein richtig schönes, dankbares Gefühl. Ich freue mich auf dich. Ich freue mich, wenn du es kommentierst und teilst. Alles Liebe, dein Ernst #Lebenszeit #Lebensplanung #Zeitwertschätzen #Gesundheit #Vitalität #Podcast #Persönlichkeitsentwicklung #Erfolg #Dankbarkeit #Gelassenheit #ErnstCrameri #Ergebnisorientiert Hier findest du eine Übersicht aller aktuellen Seminare https://crameri.de/Seminare Bild: 10. One Million-Mastermind in Split  Crameri-Akademie Wenn Du mehr über diesen Artikel erfahren möchtest, dann solltest Du Dich unbedingt an der folgenden Stelle in der Crameri-Akademie einschreiben. Ich begleite Dich sehr gerne ein Jahr lang als Dein Trainer. Du kannst es jetzt 14 Tage lang für nur € 1,00 testen. Melde dich gleich an. https://ergebnisorientiert.com/Memberbereich Kontaktdaten von Ernst Crameri Erfolgs-Newsletter https://www.crameri-newsletter.de Als Geschenk für die Anmeldung gibt es das Hörbuch „Aus Rückschlägen lernen" im Wert von € 59,00 Hier finden Sie alle Naturkosmetik-Produkte http://ergebnisorientiert.com/Naturkosmetik Hier finden Sie alle Bücher von Ernst Crameri http://ergebnisorientiert.com/Bücher Hier finden Sie alle Hörbücher von Ernst Crameri http://ergebnisorientiert.com/Hörbücher Webseite https://crameri.de/Seminare FB https://www.facebook.com/ErnstCrameri Xing https://www.xing.com/profile/Ernst_Crame

Viele Läufer:innen glauben immer noch: "Laktat ist der Feind." Tatsächlich ist die Laktatschwelle aber in Wirklichkeit der entscheidende Parameter, um schneller zu werden. In dieser Shorts Folge erfährst du, wie du deine Laktatschwelle ohne aufwendige Leistungsdiagnostik bestimmen kannst. Zusätzlich bekommst du konkrete Trainingseinheiten, mit denen du deine Laktatschwelle effektiv verschiebst.Foto: Julia BuschkampMusik: No ExcusesHier findet ihr unsere aktuellen Gewinnspiele & Rabatt-Aktionen!Spare bei LAPONDO 20% auf alle Shokz-Modelle mit dem Code "running20"! Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Viele Läufer:innen glauben immer noch: "Laktat ist der Feind." Tatsächlich ist die Laktatschwelle aber in Wirklichkeit der entscheidende Parameter, um schneller zu werden. In dieser Shorts Folge erfährst du, wie du deine Laktatschwelle ohne aufwendige Leistungsdiagnostik bestimmen kannst. Zusätzlich bekommst du konkrete Trainingseinheiten, mit denen du deine Laktatschwelle effektiv verschiebst.Foto: Julia BuschkampMusik: No ExcusesHier findet ihr unsere aktuellen Gewinnspiele & Rabatt-Aktionen!Spare bei LAPONDO 20% auf alle Shokz-Modelle mit dem Code "running20"! Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information. WERBUNG Wenn du deinem Vierbeiner eine Freude machen willst: Bei Fressnapf sind in teilnehmenden Märkten dauerhaft über 500 Preise reduziert. Klick fressnapf.de/aktionen-angebote/dauerhaft-reduziert/ WERBUNG Hill´s Science Plan bietet leckere Vielfalt für jedes Tier. ActivBiome+ Multi-Benefit in ausgewähltem Trockenfutter unterstützt Verdauung, Immunsystem und Organe – probier es aus und sichere dir 20 % Rabatt! Klick tierarzt24.de/hills-pet-nutrition?brandname=Science-Plan Rabattcode: Hills20 (anwendbar auf alle Hill`s Science Plan-Produkte; kein Mindestbestellwert; gültig zwischen dem 01.03. und dem 31.05.2026) Dieser Podcast wird vermarktet von der Podcastbude.www.podcastbu.de - Full-Service-Podcast-Agentur - Konzeption, Produktion, Vermarktung, Distribution und Hosting.Du möchtest deinen Podcast auch kostenlos hosten und damit Geld verdienen?Dann schaue auf www.kostenlos-hosten.de und informiere dich.Dort erhältst du alle Informationen zu unseren kostenlosen Podcast-Hosting-Angeboten. kostenlos-hosten.de ist ein Produkt der Podcastbude.

Das Video zur Folge findest du hier YouTube Kanal abonnieren und keine neue Folge mehr verpassen WAS DU IN DIESER EPISODE LERNST

Laborwerte sind aus der Diagnostik nicht wegzudenken und spielen auch für die Steuerung von Therapien eine zentrale Rolle. Auch wenn wir in der Präklinik selbst nur begrenzt Laboranalytik durchführen, ist ein grundlegendes Verständnis der wichtigsten Parameter entscheidend. In dieser Folge von Rettungsdienst LUKS – der Notfallmedizin Podcast sprechen wir über die wichtigsten Laborwerte für die Präklinik, ordnen sie ein und zeigen, worauf es in der Interpretation wirklich ankommt. Ausserdem gehen wir auf typische Fallstricke ein: von Einheitenchaos bis zu verschiedenen Abkürzungen für die jeweiligen Werte. Rettungsdienst LUKS – Der Notfallmedizin Podcast mit dem Thema: Von Hb bis Troponin – Laborwerte für den RettungsdienstIn dieser Folge: - Hämatologie: Leukozyten, Hb, Thrombozyten- Klugscheisserwissen mit Urobilinogen und Order of Draw- Gerinnung: aPTT, Anit Faktor Xa, D-Dimere- Honorable Mentions: eGFR, Laktat und CRP - Kardiovaskuläre Marker: Troponin T(hs), NT-pro BNPHb: Mann 134 - 170 g/L & Frau 118 - 152 g/LLeukozyten: 3,7 - 9,2 G/LThrombozyten: 150 - 380 G/LaPTT: 26 - 36 SekundenAnti-Faktor Xa: 0,3–0,7 IE/mL (Therapeutischer Zielwert bei Heparintherapie mit UFH)Quick Wert: 70% - 130%INR: 0,85 - 1,15D-Dimere: unter 500 ng/,LTroponin T (hs): unter 14 ng/LNT-proBNP: unter 300 ng/L Nützliche LinksHomepage des Rettungsdienst LUKSLink zur letzten Folge zum Thema: Wenig vorwärts, viel rückwärts - Herzinsuffizienz systematisch erklärt  (und zu allen anderen Folgen)Englische Bezeichnungen und Abkürzungen hier: https://www.nbt.nhs.uk/severn-pathology/requesting/test-informationAlle Evidenzen zu dieser Folge findest du hier:Kearon, C., de Wit, K., Parpia, S., et al. (2019). Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism with D-dimer adjusted to clinical probability. New England Journal of Medicine, 381(22), 2125–2134. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1909159Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). (o. J.). Order of blood draw tubes and additives. https://clsi.org/resources/insights-blog/order-of-blood-draw-tubes-and-additives/AMBOSS. (o. J.). Laboratoriumsmedizin. https://next.amboss.com/de/article/Ln0wFg?q=laboratoriumsmedizinHengesbach, S., Hinkelbein, J., Genzwürker, H., et al. (Hrsg.). (2024). Checkliste medical skills (3., unveränderte Auflage). Thieme. https://doi.org/10.1055/b000001057Luzerner Kantonsspital. (o. J.). Analysenverzeichnis. https://analysenverzeichnis.luks.ch/ 

On this week's installment of Weathering Decarbonization, we welcome Martin Malinow, CEO of Parameter Climate, into the SmarterMarkets™ studio. David Greely sits down with Martin to discuss his work building weather and climate risk transfer markets from the days of Enron to today. They talk about where these markets are now, where they're going, and what we need to be doing to get them there.

SPONSORS: - Go to https://expressvpn.com/theoriesofeverythingyt to find out how you can get up to 4 extra months thanks to our sponsor, ExpressVPN - Accelerate your efficiency. Sign up for your one-dollar-per-month trial today at http://shopify.com/theories - I subscribe to The Economist for their science and tech coverage. As a TOE listener, get 35% off! No other podcast has this: https://economist.com/TOE This conversation belongs in a category I wish were larger on this channel: the experimentalist who also thinks (deeply) about foundations. Professor Aephraim Steinberg, winner of Physics World's Breakthrough of the Year in 2011, is that species! For basically 30 years, he's been measuring aspects of physics that others wouldn't touch: Bohmian trajectories, Heisenberg's disturbance bound (he showed it was wrong), even where the photon is inside the double slit (which most textbooks will tell you is impossible). His lab measured negative time — and it keeps reappearing across completely different experiments, stubbornly suggesting it means something. FOLLOW: - Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/4gL14b92xAErofYQA7bU4e - Substack: https://curtjaimungal.substack.com/subscribe - Twitter: https://twitter.com/TOEwithCurt - Discord Invite: https://discord.com/invite/kBcnfNVwqs - Crypto: https://commerce.coinbase.com/checkout/de803625-87d3-4300-ab6d-85d4258834a9 - PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=XUBHNMFXUX5S4 TIMESTAMPS: - 00:00:00 - Defining Negative Time - 00:06:50 - Quantum Trajectory Theory - 00:12:44 - The Holland Tunnel Analogy - 00:18:40 - Resonant Atomic Interactions - 00:26:05 - Superluminal Energy Propagation - 00:32:00 - Eight Velocities of Light - 00:38:00 - Causality and Retrocausality - 00:44:00 - Dwell Time vs. Delay - 00:50:24 - Time: Operator or Parameter? - 00:58:21 - Bell's Theorem and Realism - 01:04:55 - Heisenberg's Measurement Disturbance - 01:11:26 - Weak Measurement Formalism - 01:17:37 - Time Symmetry and Entropy - 01:27:07 - Bohmian Trajectories Observed - 01:35:56 - Spin-Statistics and Indistinguishability - 01:42:14 - Quantum Computational Advantage - 01:48:15 - Many Worlds vs. Complexity - 01:54:51 - Psi-Ontic vs. Psi-Epistemic - 02:01:37 - Collapsing Tunneling Particles - 02:08:48 - Larmor vs. Atto Clocks - 02:15:24 - Locality and Information LINKS MENTIONED: - Aephraim's Website: https://www.physics.utoronto.ca/~aephraim/ - Aephraim's Papers: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=PzUyb6IAAAAJ - Photon Negative Time in Atom Cloud [Paper]: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2409.03680 - How Much Time Does a Photon Spend as Atomic Excitation? [Paper]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.00432 - Measuring Time Atoms Spend in Excited State [Paper]: https://journals.aps.org/prxquantum/abstract/10.1103/PRXQuantum.3.010314 - Tunneling Atom Time in Barrier [Paper]: https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.13523 - Single-Photon Tunneling Time [Paper]: https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.708 - Traversal Time for Tunneling [Paper]: https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.49.1739 - Propagation of a Gaussian Light Pulse [Paper]: https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.1.305 - Linear Pulse Propagation in Absorbing Medium [Paper]: https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.48.738 - Eighth Velocity of Light [Paper]: https://pubs.aip.org/aapt/ajp/article-abstract/45/6/538/1045817/Eighth-velocity-of-light - Attosecond Ionization [Paper]: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1163439 - Tunneling Optical Pulses Photonic Band Gaps [Paper]: https://attoworld.de/fileadmin/user_upload/tx_attoworld/publications/paper_PhysRevLett_Y1994_M10_D24_V73_P2308.pdf - Evidence of Negative Time [Article]: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/evidence-of-negative-time-found-in-quantum-physics-experiment/ - Light Speed Reduction [Article]: https://www.nature.com/articles/17561 - On the Theory of Light and Colors [Paper]: https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/107113.pdf - Wave Propagation and Group Velocity [Book]: https://amazon.com/dp/1483253937?tag=toe08-20 - EPR Paper [Paper]: https://journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.47.777 - Uncertainty Principle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_principle - QBism [Paper]: https://arxiv.org/abs/1003.5209 More links at https://curtjaimungal.substack.com Guests do not pay to appear. #science Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Wann sollte man in der Hausarztpraxis an eine chronische Nierenkrankheit (CKD) denken – und warum sagt die eGFR allein wenig über den Nierenzustand aus? Mit Prof. Dr. med. Jean-François Chenot sprechen wir über die wichtigsten Parameter zur Risikoeinschätzung, aktuelle Studien und ein pragmatisches Vorgehen im Praxisalltag. Eine Podcast-Folge für alle, die CKD schnell und sicher einordnen möchten.

Die Zürich Versicherung verkündet 2025 ein Rekordergebnis. Dies ist auch den gestiegenen Kunden-Prämien zu verdanken. Noch sei die Kundentreue hoch. Sie sei ein sehr wichtiger Parameter, der global mittels Standard-Prozess überwacht werde, so Mario Greco, CEO Zürich Versicherung, SMI -0.1%

Verkannt, vergessen oder ein Verlust: Heute geht's um Filme wie BABYLON, A SCANNER DARKLY, ALLES EINE FRAGE DER ZEIT oder I LOVE YOU PHILLIP MORRIS. Also um Filme, die bei der Kritik durchfielen, zu wenig gesehen wurden oder an den Kinokassen so richtig untergingen, obwohl sie… eigentlich echt gut sind. Angeregt durch eine Liste des Time Magazines, die den Titel THE 50 MOST UNDERAPPRECIATED MOVIES OF THE 21ST CENTURY trägt. Wegen der wollen Antje, Matthias und Schröck nämlich eine ähnliche Liste erstellen, nachdem sie erst ein wenig die Parameter geklärt haben und auf die inspirierende Time-Liste eingegangen sind. Deswegen geht es darüber hinaus auch noch um Streifen wie WALTZ WITH BASHIR, A CURE FOR WELLNESS, 11:14, JUGEND OHNE JUGEND oder POSSUM. Außerdem wollen wir noch PFERDE STEHLEN, eine Runde mit WORLD'S GREATEST DAD abhängen, den SPARTAN auf seiner Mission begleiten und THE MUSTANG zähmen, bevor wir uns an THE WILD GOOSE LAKE - SEE DER WILDEN GÄNSE zur Ruhe setzen. Abgerundet durch ein paar weitere Überraschungen wie G.O.A.T. - BOCK AUF GROSSE SPRÜNGE, KNIVES OUT: GLASS ONION, BRIMSTONE: ERLÖSE UNS VON DEM BÖSEN oder KNIGHTRIDERS – RITTER AUF HEISSEN ÖFEN. Doch das Beste ist: Ihr könnt an der Liste mitwirken. Wir laden diese Liste wieder bei Letterboxd hoch, so dass Ihr dort Vorschläge machen könnt, um noch weitere Filme, die mehr Liebe verdienen, auf die Liste zu packen. Bis dahin wünschen wir Euch aber erstmal viel Spaß mit dem Talk und bleibt bitte so gesund wie gut drauf. Adiós. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Christopher & Jobst im Gespräch mit Rudi. Wir reden über gesellige Bosonen, alte verkrustete Dinge aufbrechen, 1989 in die UdSSR, reformierte Oberstufenzeiten in Hannover, ein Punkrock-Super-8-Film im Kunstunterricht, Hans-A-Plast im Keller des Leibnizhauses, einfach im positiven Sinne, Stranglers, anders weil aus dem Ruhrgebiet, Streit über Aggregatzustände, Wasser unter hohem Druck, kein Wachs-Experte, springende Parameter, Glaube an den Fortschritt, sehr gern Elektronik basteln, Lektionen von Martin Fuchs, keine besonders aggressive Persönlichkeit gewesen sein, die Jubel-Tour von No Fun, der Wendepunkt im Studium, ein Interview mit Hollow Skai, ein Ton pro Song, makroskopische Quantenobjekte und quantenmechanische Zustände, komplizierte Schwingungen bei Obertönen, die Unvereinbarkeit von BUM & Physik, flogging a dead horse, "Ich mache alles falsch", Note ist nicht das wichtigste, der Typus Physiker, komplexe & teure Apparaturen, die Natur selbst fragen, kilometerlange Speicherringe in Kathedralen, die Sternstunden der Experimentalphysik, von Physik zum Consulting, Vorlesungen über thermodynamische Maschinen, der große Hype um Quantencomputer, einigen Jugendlichen fehlt der Biss, lernen im eigenen Tempo, thermische De-Broglie-Wellenlängen, endlich wieder das Bose-Einstein-Kondensat, mit ner Kamera die Atom-Wolke anschauen, die unfairen Nobelpreis-Sachen, klassisches Ballett, Musik nach dem Gala-Dinner, Hobby Video-Schnitt, drei Highlights aus der Innsbrucker Zeit, die Efimov-Zustände, uvm.ZWEI SONGS FÜR DIE PLAYLIST1) Ein Lieblingslied des 15‑jährigen Rudi: THE SWEET - Ballroom Blitz2) Ein Punk‑Song, der Rudi bis heute begleitet: STRANGLERS - Hanging Around

30-person startup Arcee AI has released a 400B model called Trinity, which it says is one of the biggest open source foundation models from a U.S. company. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

s of the Hubble Constant — Bob Zimmerman — Zimmerman outlines a fundamental crisis in cosmological understanding regarding the Hubble constant, the astronomical parameter measuring the rate at which the universe is systematically expanding across time and space. Zimmerman documents that the measurement crisis stems from irreducible conflicting empirical data: when astronomers measure the early universe using distant supernovae and cosmic microwave background radiation, they derive a lower expansion rate number, yet when they measure the near universeusing contemporary observations of local galactic clusters, they derive a significantly higher expansion rate number. Zimmerman emphasizes that this discrepancy does not result from imprecise or unreliable data; rather, both measurement methodologies have become increasingly sophisticated and accurate, yet the fundamental contradiction persists despite technological improvements. Zimmerman argues that the persistent contradiction between two highly accurate but incompatible numerical values indicates that "something is fundamentally wrong with the cosmology and the theories," suggesting that current scientific understanding of the Big Bang, cosmic evolution, and the universe's fundamental physical properties contains critical errors requiring radical theoretical revision. Zimmerman employs an analogy: if measuring a child's growth rate during their first year of life predicted they should be 4 feet tall, but contemporary measurement reveals them to be 5 feet tall, and both measurements are perfectly accurate, then the mathematical formula governing human growth is fundamentally flawed—similarly, the Hubble constant contradiction suggests current cosmological models misunderstand the universe's fundamental physics and evolutionary trajectory. AUGUST 1958

Diese Woche mit Sandra Kirchner und Verena Kern. 01:48 Urteil: Klimaprotest wird teuer Das Landgericht Hamburg hat zehn Aktivist:innen der Gruppe Letzte Generation zu hohem Schadenersatz verurteilt. Sie müssen gut 400.000 Euro an die Lufthansa-Gruppe zahlen, weil sie vor zwei Jahren den Hamburger Flughafen blockiert hatten und der Flugbetrieb mehrere Stunden lahmgelegt war. Weitere Klagen ähnlicher Art drohen. Außerdem will die Bundesregierung die Strafen für solche Protestaktionen verschärfen. 07: 03 Meere verändern sich rasant Die Ozeane verändern sich umfassend, großflächig und eindeutig messbar. Eine internationale Studie zeigt, dass sich zentrale Parameter wie Temperatur, Salzgehalt, Sauerstoff und pH-Wert der Meere sich weltweit und bis in große Tiefen hinein stark verschoben haben. Diese deutlichen Veränderungen gehen auf den menschengemachten Klimawandel zurück. 12:09 Kohlendioxid-Speicherungsgesetz Deutschland erlaubt künftig die unterirdische Speicherung von CO2. Die CCS-Technologie soll unter anderem der Stahl- und Zementindustrie helfen, ihre Emissionen – die als schwer vermeidbar gelten – zu reduzieren. Das Gesetz erlaubt auch die CO2-Abscheidung und ‑Speicherung bei Gaskraftwerken. Umweltverbände und einige Bundesländer warnen vor falschen Anreizen für die Gasindustrie, vor sehr hohen Kosten und ökologischen Risiken. -- Das klima update° wird jede Woche von Spender:innen unterstützt. Wenn auch du dazu beitragen willst, geht das HIER https://www.verein-klimawissen.de/spenden. Wir danken hier und jetzt - aber auch noch mal namentlich im Podcast (natürlich nur, wenn ihr zustimmt).

In today's Tech3 from Moneycontrol, we break down DigiLocker's upcoming AI agent and what it means for digital document processing. We also look at Tech Mahindra's 8-billion-parameter education-focused LLM under the IndiaAI Mission and why India's skilling gaps matter more than ever. Plus, Ilya Sutskever's surprising “teenage AGI” approach, a new rare earth magnet manufacturing scheme approved by the Cabinet, and Dream Sports open-sourcing its decade-old tech engine with HorizonOS.

Website: https://www.thebigbiemethod.comFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/thebigbiemethodTwitter: @TheBigbieMethodInstagram: @thebigbiemethodLinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/cindybigbienvcYouTube:  https://www.youtube.com/channelBe sure to leave a rating and review on Apple Podcasts and share it with a friend that would get some value!The Bigbie Method website: https://www.thebigbiemethod.com

This week on Marketing O'Clock: Third-party Google Search tracking tools break after Google's changes, Google Discover adds a follow button & boosts creator content, and Chrome gets reimagined with AI.Visit us at - https://marketingoclock.com/

Shawn Tierney meets up with Michael Bowne of PI to learn what IO-Link is, how it works, and when to use it in this episode of The Automation Podcast. For any links related to this episode, check out the “Show Notes” located below the video. Watch The Automation Podcast from The Automation Blog: Listen to The Automation Podcast from The Automation Blog: The Automation Podcast, Episode 246 Show Notes: To learn about our online and in-person training courses please visit TheAutomationSchool.com. Read the transcript on The Automation Blog: (automatically generated) Shawn Tierney (Host): Thank you for tuning back in to the automation podcast. My name is Shawn Tierney from Insights in Automation. And this week on the show, we have a special guest, somebody who hasn’t been on in four years. We have Michael Bone from PI. They’re the folks who manage technologies like PROFINET and IO Link. And Michael’s come on this week to talk specifically about IO Link. We’re gonna talk about what it is. We’re gonna talk about when you should use it, and we’re gonna talk about the technical details of IO Link, like, all the things, like, engineering minds like to know about. So I think you guys are gonna enjoy this. It took about two to three hours to edit this one, and I really enjoyed going back through it. You know, we recorded it, I think, four weeks ago. So I hadn’t seen it in four weeks, but I really did enjoy it. I really think you guys will enjoy it too. And that brings up another point. Organizations like PI and ISA and other organizations, they’re not vendors. They don’t sell stuff. Right? And so this episode is not sponsored by a vendor. And, you know, as I was going through it yesterday, I was like, you know, there’s a lot of great slides in here. I wanna share it with the public. So I’ve decided to sponsor this episode myself, and I’ll use this as an opportunity to tell you a little bit about my company and the automation blog, the automation school, and the content I have planned to release this fall, including content on these products right here, all focused on IO Link. And I just actually did a live stream with these, products in front of me. I’ll be doing more tomorrow, and I’ll be adding lessons to my, courses as well on these products. So in any case, but before we get to that, let’s go ahead and jump right into the show and hear from Michael and learn all about IO Link. I wanna welcome back Michael to the show. It has been four years. He was last on in podcast 76, back in September 2021. So just going on four years. Michael, thank you for coming back on the show. If you could, a lot of people may not remember four years ago. Mhmm. So before we jump into your presentation, which which I am so excited about talking about IO Link again. But before we jump into that, could you please tell me a little bit about yourself and a little Michael Bowne (PI): bit about PI? Yeah. Sure. First of all, my pleasure, to be back on on the podcast. It was a lot, a lot of fun. I remember that back in in 2021, and, I’m glad to be be back doing it again. I started with PI North America in 2011 as the technical marketing director. And since 2016, I’ve been the executive director running the show and chairman of the board since last year. I, have the, let’s say, pleasure to serve as the deputy chairman of PI on a global scale since 2015, and I come from a prior to working for PI, I worked for a sensor manufacturer who had some interfaces on there that that brought me an introduct to to Profibus and Profinet. And before that, I studied, physics and and math at at Penn State University. Just, really quick for those. I’m I’m sure many of you are familiar with with PI, but, it was started in the late eighties. Half a dozen companies and universities got together, and they wrote the PROFIBUS spec, and that evolved into the into into PROFIBUS DP and PROFIBUS PA for process automation in the early two thousands. PROFINET came under the umbrella. And the reason I bring all this up is because there are some newer technologies under our umbrella that I I think the audience might wanna know about. Of course, EyeLink is is the one that we’ll talk about today, and that was in 02/2009. But there are some others like Umlocks, which is a location tracking standard. There’s one called MTP, module type package, NOAA, NAMR open architecture, also under our umbrella. And, basically, what we do is promote, maintain, write the specs, turn them into standards, and the work on those specs is done in working groups, which are staffed by volunteers, engineers from member companies. They donate their time to to develop the specs, for these technologies we have under our umbrella. And we’re a little bit unique in that we’re decentralized. So we have competence centers and test labs and training centers located throughout the world. It’s not all just in one headquarter kind of place, and they’re all independent. But they have a contract or quality of services agreement with PI that says, hey. If you have a question about the technologies, go to a competent center. If you want further training, go to a training center. If you want to to test the device, go to a test lab. And then they are all working with regional PI associations of which we PI North America is one of them. We were founded in 1994 by a guy by the name of Mike Bryant. At that time, we were called Probibus Trade Organization. And we are the and now I didn’t come up with this this name. We are the North American Rio League. This is a an IO Link designation, a regional IO Link interest group, which means that we have a a separate contract and and quality of services agreement with the IO Link community to to promote and and work with members, specifically for IO Link here in in North America. And we’re nonprofit, member supported. I got nothing. So you’re talking about products and and and stuff at the beginning. I got nothing to sell today. We’re we’re working solely on on technology. Shawn Tierney (Host): You know, I do wanna throw out there, though, you have a great update every month about all the new products that fall in the buckets of IO Link, PROFINET, PROFIBUS, and a lot of those new products across our IO Link. So while they may not have products of their own, they do keep the, industry up to date on who’s joining up and signing up, for these new these you know, the jump on board and release new products that, that, you know, meet these specifications. And you know what? Maybe you’re not using PROFINET because you’re using brand x or y. You still probably use an IO Link. So Oh, that’s for sure. Very interesting very interesting updates that you publish every month and, as a blog. And, I know when I was doing the news for a couple years, I would always, go to your site to look for new updates. Michael Bowne (PI): Cool. Yeah. Yeah. I guess, I got a slide on that at the end, but the the you’re referring to the, the PROFINews. Shawn Tierney (Host): Yes. The PROFINews. Yeah. Michael Bowne (PI): Yeah. That’s a that’s that’s been a baby and a labor of love, for a while now. And and, oh, man, it’s it’s it’s incredible because every month, the most when we track this kind of stuff, obviously, the most popular article is the new products. Well, because that’s what, right, that’s what people want is the stuff they can buy, the stuff they can use. Yeah. Yeah. That’s and we got another one coming out next week, and every month, we we push that out, and it’s always half a dozen or a dozen new products, half of which are are IO Link. I mean, it’s just growing like crazy. Shawn Tierney (Host): Yeah. And you guys have had some good articles. I think you had a great series, and I’m now I’m stretching it. So stretching the old memory here. I thought you had a great series on on, MTP, which I really enjoyed. Did did I remember that correctly? Michael Bowne (PI): Yeah. We we try and, you know, we try and get some editorial content in there. It’s it calls it falls into, like, three main buckets. What’s new products? What are new trainings and events that are coming up? And then and then some editorial content. I think I think what we’re driving at is I think we need to do maybe an MTP podcast here at some point in the down the road. Shawn Tierney (Host): Probably. Yeah. Down the road. Definitely. Definitely. I I’m still you know, I still have a very casual understanding of it. But, let me throw it back to you because I kinda jumped in and interrupted your your your, update. Michael Bowne (PI): No. It’s good. It saves it saves us at the end when when that slide, we can just just jump over it. Now we’ve we’ve got it covered, and it’s and it’s an and it’s an important one. But you kinda you kinda gave me a nice lead into the to the next one, which talks about, the Ireland community. And I’ll start from the bottom, work my way up as being fieldbus independent. Shawn Tierney (Host): I just wanna break in here for a moment and thank you folks in the audience who’ve signed up for my membership program. Really, really appreciate you all. Eighteen months ago, after reviewing ten plus years of being on YouTube, you know, it was pretty obvious that there’s no real revenue on YouTube. I mean, it comes in at maybe 1% of my monthly expenses. And so that ad revenue there is just not something to rely on going forward because it’s not something that’s been reliable in the past. And so I set up the membership program both on YouTube and at the automationblog.com. And I wanna thank all of you who signed up. I, we have a $5 tier, which I know most people sign up at, and then we have a couple other higher tiers. And so I just wanted to thank you all for doing that. You are actually the membership program’s probably 3% of my monthly, revenue. And so that’s, you know, one or two times more, than, what the YouTube revenue was. So thank you all for that. And I hope that, some of you who are not part of the membership program will consider becoming a member, supporting my work so I can do videos that are not always sponsored videos. Now I love sponsored videos. I love it when a vendor sends me a piece of hardware and then sits down with me and teach me how to use it so I can create a video ad free and share with you on how to use that product, or maybe they just come on the podcast and sponsor it to make it ad free so we can tell their story about their product or service. And I I will continue to do that going forward, but I would really also like to do more audience generated type of, content. So content where you generate the idea and say, Shawn, why don’t you try this? Or, Shawn, why don’t you do this? And a lot of those topics that the audience wants to see, they’re not necessarily topics that the vendor wants to promote with advertising dollars. Okay? And so that’s the whole purpose of the, membership program. Like I said, right now, it’s around 3% of my monthly income comes from and I’m talking about the business income, not my personal income, the business income. 3% of what the business needs to, to move forward and pay its bills every month. But, still, I that that, you know, so many of you have decided to jump in and support me. I just wanted to stop and say thank you very much from the bottom of my heart. And if you’re not part of the membership program and you’re doing financially well, please consider if you enjoy. This is episode two forty six of the automation podcast. Every episode has been free. The audio has been free for all 246 of them. And most of those episodes I funded myself just by well, you can understand how you fund something when you don’t have the income coming in. But in any case, if you enjoy it, please consider becoming a member, and we can branch out and do other things together. And with that, let’s go ahead and jump back into this week’s episode and learn more about IO Link. Michael Bowne (PI): So like you said, yeah. I mean, organizationally, the IO Link community came to PI in 2009 and organizationally under PI because we have the infrastructure for working groups and and IP policies and contracts and things like that. But the IO Link community has their own steering committee, and from the from the outset and from every IO Link event that we do and everything that we do is is independent of, of any Profibus or Profinet stuff. And we try really, really hard to maintain that independence, no matter what vendor you’re using. And there, at this point, we’ve got 500 companies in the IO Link community, and it’s really just growing by by leaps and bounds. So we kinda track this stuff by nodes and all the IO Link companies. They send their node count to an independent auditor, collects the counts, and gives us back an an an anonymous total. So we don’t know where or who is selling them, but we get the total. And you can just see this this hockey stick exponential growth. Particularly in 2023, there was some supply chain over purchasing that that went on. I mean, that’s like we’re looking at a a growth rate of 89% there, which is obviously unsustainable. But still, last year, 9,700,000 nodes were added. Again, because it’s field bus independent, it really has no competitor. And that’s what’s kinda cool about IO Link. I mean, you wanna do and and you don’t need to choose a field bus and therefore get IO Link. You can use any field bus or industrial container protocol, and IO Link works with it. Shawn Tierney (Host): You know, I wanna just, mention for the audio listeners. If we go back to 2012, it looks like we’re probably at the 1,000,000 mark or below it. And as you go to, you know, 2022, you look like you’re 35,700,000. Is that 2022 or 2023? Michael Bowne (PI): Yeah. That’s the 2022. Exactly. 35,700,000.0. Yeah. Shawn Tierney (Host): And then at, the end of twenty twenty three, we’re at 51.6. So you talked about that, you know, overbuying. And then at the end of 2024, we’re at 61,300,000.0. So you can just see from, you know, 2022 to, 2024, you went from 35 to 61. So the adoption, like you said, it’s a hockey stick. The adoption has really picked up. And I think you you hit the nail on the head because it is fieldbus independent. It’s a way to just get more information out of our devices, like sensors and photo eyes, you know, and it’s just you know? I mean, though, these chipsets that come in these, devices now are just amazing. Michael Bowne (PI): And that’s what, I mean, that’s what the whole point of this is. You’re you’re not gonna put a $5 ethernet chip, like, enter $5 ethernet interface on a $15 proximity sensor. But computing and memory has gotten really, really small and really, really cheap that it’s on just about everything. And so this proximity sensor not only can tell you if, like, for example, let’s say it’s on a conveyor belt. It cannot only tell you if the box is there or not, but it can tell you how many blue boxes would buy or how many red boxes would buy or if the box that’s going by is off kilter or or misaligned or something like that. But how do you get that data out in in inexpensively, and here we are. IO Link is is the way to do it. Shawn Tierney (Host): I’m sad to see a lot of these sensors too come with humidity, temperature, and all these other things should be like, really? I can get that out of my Michael Bowne (PI): photo eye. But yeah. Multivariable. Exactly. Yeah. Yeah. You know, traditionally, with an analog interface, how did you get that? You couldn’t get it. Mhmm. But now with a digital interface, which is what we’re talking about, digitalization in the last meter, now you can get that informate that data, that information, and do some pretty cool stuff with it. Shawn Tierney (Host): Yes. You can. Yeah. I’ll talk Michael Bowne (PI): a little bit about the architecture a little bit here to kind of get a little bit into the technical side of things about how IO Link works, but it they’re kind of some main devices, and that’s the IO Link masters and the IO Link devices. And these IO Link masters are available for we have here 16 different industrial Ethernet or field bus systems. 21 manufacturers offer central PLC, like an IO Link master built into the backplane of the PLC if you so desired. And the number of devices that so that hockey stick we showed before is just exploding. I mean, we’ve got 60 something million sold, and we have tens of thousands of unique IO Link devices from hundreds of different device manufacturers that have implemented this interface. And for those that if there’s anybody on the podcast that wants to do this and add this to their sensors, there are a number of different companies that help with, product design, either with the chips, the transceivers, the software stacks, and then a number of companies that help provide technical support in order to do that. So an IO Link system kind of is made up of four parts. Like I said, you have the IO Link master. That’s the gateway between the IO Link devices, the IO Link interface, and the higher level communication system, such as the fieldbus or the in industrial Ethernet protocol or backplane. You have the devices. This is the exciting part. Your sensors, your switch gears, your valves, your signal lamps, maybe some simple actuators, whatever the case may be. You’ve got a IO Link cable, just a three wire unshielded, super simple connection between the master and the devices. And then every device has an IODD or IO Link device description file, and I’ll explain how that gets used to engineer and parameterize the IO Link system and the and the devices. And what this kind of enables you know, traditionally, communication only reached the IO level. You had connection between the PLCs and the and the the the IO, and then it kinda stopped there because all those sensors and actuators were not accessible. They were analog, and you got your one process data. You brought process signal, and that’s where it ended. But with IO Link, what we do is we enable that communication bidirectional, cyclic and acyclic, and that’s the cool part, all the way from higher level systems, not only to the PLC or especially from the PLC, but down all the way down to the simple sensors and actuators, which are now accessible. And you kinda touched on this before where these chipsets have gotten really, really smart and really, really powerful. And it’s not that the it’s not that any of these use cases that are that are being solved with IO Link that none of them are new. What’s new is the ease with which they can be solved. So because you can get all this extra data out, things like OEE, showing things like downtime tracking, track and trace, predictive maintenance, for example, remote monitoring, recipe management, SPC, all these things. It’s not that these use cases are now being solved. The you know, we’ve we’ve been doing this for a long, long time. It’s just the ease with which because because it’s a standard and because all this stuff is standardized in how it gets from the the the device to the master and upwards to the controller, it just makes it easier. If you spend all your effort trying to gather and collect and sanitize the data because every device is different and, you know, that’s just that’s just a mess, and the ROI disappears really fast on any kind of project to do that. But if we have a standard on how to do that, then we make it very, very easy to do, and everything can come in, quite nicely. And and and it just and it just works a whole lot easier. You start getting access to that data. And so what we’re starting to see is connections being made. You know, you talk about the the flattening of the traditional automation hierarchy where now not only is that IO block or that sensor connected to a to a PLC, but it’s got some extra data. Like you said, like, this little photo I might have a a a temperature or a a moisture, you know, sensor also in there, just because it’s part of the the chipset. But the PLC don’t care about that. He just wants to know about the, you know, the information from the photo eye. So what do you do with all this extra beautiful information that isn’t necessarily processed data? Well, maybe the MES wants to know about that. So how do you get that? And in a running factory, in a brownfield environment, rule number one is don’t touch the running PLC. Shawn Tierney (Host): Yeah. Michael Bowne (PI): And rule number two is see rule number one. That thing is running, and any minute of downtime costs more than any one thing on the on the factory floor. Shawn Tierney (Host): Before we go on, I did wanna break in here and tell you a little bit about my website, theautomationschool.com, where I do my online training. I also do in person training. And you probably don’t know that that all started back in 2014 with a Kickstarter I ran for my first PLC basics course. At the time, it was called microprogrammable controller basics, and I ended up changing it just the PLC basics. But in any case, since then, I’ve had added a dozen courses on a various number of topics, and you’ll find them all at the automationschool.com. But what I really wanted to talk to you about is why. Why did I do that? Well, I had spent twenty five years as a certified authorized Rockwell Automation distributor specialist covering PLCs, HMIs, SCADA, MES, and other stuff too. Right? And I knew from visiting, customers in the plant every single workday, almost every workday, that there was a real need for affordable training. So the first thing is, you know, large companies have large expensive, large paychecks, and lots of overhead, so they gotta charge a lot. Right? And so that was a problem because a lot of the people I was working with, you know, the controls engineers, automation engineers, high end electricians and technicians, they had to fund their training themselves. Their company was sort of like, no. We trained this guy back in the nineties, and then he will have to get a better job. So we’re not spending money on training. And so all these people were having to train themselves, and it was unaffordable to either, you know, buy the the, vendors courses. Or even if the the company did have training dollars, it was unaffordable to send them away for a week to a $3,000 course somewhere halfway across the country, probably $3,000 worth of travel and hotels too. Right? And then they go where without one of their smartest guys, right, one of their best people, because you you that’s usually who you’re gonna train and and uplift through the through the organization. Either people are doing good on the lower level, you wanna bring them up and train them on automation. And so that’s why I started the the, automationschool.com because of the the try to provide I knew the the courses would never be Hollywood quality. I mean, this isn’t Hollywood quality. Right? But I knew it could be helpful and and, you know, be affordable by just filming them in my garage. Right? And, you know, picking up some used equipment and putting together the episodes. And the site has grown so much. We have thousands of, students from over a 150 countries. We have hundreds of, vendors we work with. But the other thing I did is, is made up by one’s own forever. Right? So more like an ebook or an audiobook or an m p three album. Right? And the reason I did that and I understand why the vendors don’t do that because they’re like, well, they’ll sign up one guy in the I and e shop, and he’ll share his password for everybody. You know, that could happen. Right? People could rob a bank too. But I’m like, you know, most people, when they buy a course and I saw this. I was on an independent platform for a while, and on that platform, they showed you how the progress of every student. Most people buy the course well before they’re ready to take it. And I’m like, I’m not gonna charge people a monthly fee or only give them access to to a short window if, you know, they have good intentions now, but it takes them a while to actually free up their schedule to get into the course and take it. So that’s why my courses are buy one’s own forever. And it can you know, as they grow, the price goes up because I’m adding more and more content, and I do split them out and make cheaper versions over time. But, those people who buy in early, they get the like, my s seven course. Like, I think it originally came out at 40 or $50, and now it’s $200 because I’ve added so much to it over the years. But in any case, same with ControlLogix and CompactLogix. And then the other thing too is I want them to be able to take it more than once. Right? So if you take a let’s say you take a ControlLogix course. Right? You don’t use it for a couple years, you probably gonna have to take it again. And I don’t want you to feel like you have to pay a monthly fee to do that. It’s like an ebook or an m p three album. You bought it. You bought access to it, I guess I should say, and now it’s yours. Right? And the other thing too is I support my students personally. Okay? So I check the website every day for questions, every work day. I should say, you know, I do take Sundays off. So in any case, if you’re if it’s a work day, though, and I’m working, I’m not on vacation or traveling for business, I’m up there. I’m answering questions. And I should say, even when I’m traveling on business, I’m I’m on there answering questions. So although if I don’t have any hardware, there’s some questions you can’t ask. Right? I guess I should have said some questions you can’t answer. But in any case, I just wanted to share that with you. Theautomationschool.com, a high quality online courses, five star rated, buy once, own forever, and guess what? I’m updating all the PLC courses, and if you already own or buy one of the existing PLC courses, you not only get the updated lessons that get added to that course, you get the new course completely free. So I’m not gonna charge you for just an updated version of a class on the same core on the same product. Right? That would be kinda silly in my opinion. So, I hope you guys appreciate that. Again, if you didn’t know any of this, if you have any questions, if you go over to the automationschool.com, at the very top of the site, you’ll see links to contact me, set up a meeting, leave me a voice mail, fill out a form. You know, I have many ways you can get in touch with me. And if you have multiple people you wanna sign up, I do have multiple seat discounts starting at three seats. And, I do actually work with a number of Fortune 500 companies who, you know, enroll maybe 10 people at a time to get that discount. And you know what? Unlike the big vendors, if somebody you sign somebody up and they all take the courses, I’ll let you replace that person for free of charge. You don’t have to pay anything extra. If you sign up Joe and he decides to quit or leave or not to learn, you can put Bob in his place. That’s not a problem. Now I have said some situations where the same spot kept getting replaced or replaced or replaced. At some point, I do charge a maintenance fee to to switch the names out. And then, hey. Look. If Joe leaves and he took, you know, two out of three courses, I’ll prorate refilling that seat with the new person. Right? So whatever percentage of the lessons he took versus the total number of lessons, I’ll prorate it. So, you know, we’ve had number of cases where somebody goes through half of the content then leaves, so we can reset that seat for half price. And I that’s something you won’t find, any major vendors doing as well. So if you have any questions about that, reach out to me over at the automation school dot com. And with that said, let’s jump right back into this week’s episode of the automation podcast. Michael Bowne (PI): In a brownfield installation, what we’re seeing these these cool little edge gateways, And what they’ll do is they’ll grab the bus, they’ll collect some data, and pump it out the other side via, you know, maybe an IT protocol that that the IT guys wanna know about or, you know, like an MQTT or an OPC UA. Of course, in a in a greenfield, in a new installation where you’ve got a brand new PLC, yeah, get the data there. That guy has all the brains, has all the all the information in one ply in all in one place, so get it from the PLC. But in Brownfield, I the edge gateways, even some IO Link masters are being put on the market that have not only an industrial Ethernet interface, you know, just on one port, on the same port, industrial Ethernet interface for control, but that interface will also speak like a higher level IT protocol like an MQTT or an OPC UA, so you can get it even from the IO Link master that data is is accessible. So the different ways to get it, and, and that’s kind of the whole point is is getting that data from the sensors to the to the master and then further upwards. Shawn Tierney (Host): We actually covered a product on the show that had two ports. It had one for your fieldbus Michael Bowne (PI): Yeah. And then it Shawn Tierney (Host): had a separate one for your IT or your IOT or your MQTT, which I thought was so inventive too because now the control system gets its data, and it’s under control. But reporting wise, you know, that’s kind of the best of both both worlds. You don’t have to have two sensors. You can send it to data both ways. And, yeah, just it’s the way you can do with these things and, you know, a lot of the sensors you probably have out there, I’ve noticed that some vendors, every sensor they sell is IO Link. So Yeah. You may already have it installed and not know it because the price difference to add it to some products. Once you get up to the fanciest sensors, of course, not the simplest sensors, but once you get up to the fanciest sensors, it’s it’s, you know, there’s a lot of horsepower in that chipset. So, you know, they can add IO Link for for pennies on the dollar. So very interesting stuff, though. Michael Bowne (PI): Yeah. That’s that’s a good point. And and, you know, of course, we could spend all day talking about IT, OT, and the segmentation of networks and all who’s who owns the IP addresses. And we I mean, that’s a whole separate topic. But in cases like that, yeah, it’s cool. You got a separate port. IT can do what they want on their one port. And if but, hey, don’t touch me in the control realm because Mhmm. This is my this is my realm. And and you bring up another good point, and that’s kind of there’s a I don’t I don’t wanna say that, you know, there’s there isn’t, like, a thick black line between, okay, this sensor is simple, therefore, should have IO link, or this sensor is complex, therefore, should have its own industrial Ethernet, interface. There’s almost a little bit of a gray area, but you’re right. I mean Mhmm. We kinda leave it up to the vendors to decide. Hey. My thing needs the horsepower that and it’s so complex that I need something like, like, an industrial Ethernet protocol. But, oh, you know what? This other central line is tailored for low cost, and so, therefore, I’m gonna put IO Link on it. But that’s, you know, that’s up to them to to decide. So when we talk about IO Link in terms of benefits, we kinda like to make the analogy with USB because everybody knows USB. You got your USB cable. You plug it into your computer on one end. On the other end, you plug it into your you know, you plug your mouse in or you plug your keyboard in, and you plug your key your printer in. Automatically, it it uses the same cable. It’s always the same. Everything everybody’s using that interface, and we kinda see the same thing with IO Link where it’s just a unified, unshielded three wire sensor cable, and it can use be used with all IO Link devices. Up until now, you know, if you had smart devices, right, memory and computing power is smaller and cheaper. Up until now, to get that extra information out, you would need multiple cables. The wiring is time consuming. It’s expensive. They’re large, costly to to install and maintain. But But with iolink, you just you just plug it in. It’s a simple m 12 plug, and then you don’t have all these spare parts of different cable types. It’s just one cable and, easy to maintain, thin, flexible. I’ve got a I’ve got an example here I’d like to highlight, and I’ll try and talk through it for those that are that are listening instead of instead of viewing. This is an example of 256 IOs via 16 fieldbus modules. So, like, fieldbus like remote IOs or whatever the case may be. So we’re connecting them to a PLC out in the field. And to do that, we would need 16 fieldbus modules in order to do that. These are just let’s let’s call them simple DI, you know, digital input proximity sensors. Mhmm. Shawn Tierney (Host): Mhmm. Michael Bowne (PI): With IO Link, we can do that via just one fieldbus module. So that’s just one IP address or one IO Link master. So already you’re cutting out 15 of those more expensive devices. And then we use what are called so called IO Link hubs, which bring those DI signals, put it all on one IO Link connection, put it into IO Link master, and send it out the other side. And with that, we can connect if you imagine these 272 IOs as shown here via just one fieldbus module. So it’s showing just huge, huge, huge savings simply on cost alone, due to the wiring. And, that that one cable, it fits all sensor types. So simple sensors, like a proximity sensor all the way up to complex devices like pressure, temperature, signal lamps, and even simple actuators all use the same IO Link cable. Shawn Tierney (Host): So where an IO Link device would be giving you not just on or off, but a lot of other information and some of that analog information. If all you had was a dumb device, well, now I can put 16 of them or so, you know, some number of them together Mhmm. Bring them into a hub. And each since each device only has an on or off, where a regular IO Link device would have lots of other information, you can now just join them all together and say, okay. Here we go. Here’s inputs one through x. Michael Bowne (PI): It’s, almost like multiplexing, put it all together on one and then Mhmm. Pump it out the other side. Yeah. Shawn Tierney (Host): Perfect. Michael Bowne (PI): The other way we relate IO Link to USB is kind of in the the identification and parameterization. So if we look at how you plug your printer into your computer, you plug it in, and automatically, your computer says, oh, okay. I know that that’s a HP something something desk check printer and and okay. How do you wanna do you wanna do color or black and white? Do you wanna do full duplex? Do you wanna do back and white, back and front on on the printing? And the same is true for for IO Link. So you plug in that IO Link sensor into your IO Link master. It reads it. It says, hey. The dialing says, hey. This is who I am. This is my type. This is my serial number. Every device has a vendor ID and a device ID. And then the IO Link master goes up and gets the IODD file, and I’ll show that here in a little bit, and then you can start that parametrization. And it’s just like it’s just like a USB. It’s it’s, no special knowledge is required. You can format changes very, very easily. You can even do them on the fly, for example, with an HMI on the on the machine. And, the identification methods make sure that you don’t plug in a wrong device into an IO Nialink port, which could stop the machine. It’ll it’ll it’ll recognize that and prevent, incorrect connections. It allows you to exchange devices very easily of the same type or the the same same manufacturer, same same device. So just like USB, it it it kinda works in that way. And then the other way, it’s kind of like USBs in the diagnostics, and this is a really, really powerful part of IO Link. So when your printer says, I’m out of paper or I’m out of toner or there’s a paper jam, it sends that signal, standardized signal to the to the computer, to your computer, your PC, and you know exactly what what to do, how to fix your your printer, why your printer isn’t working the same as true for IO Link. We’ve standardized these diagnostics. So this is a, a photo eye saying, hey, under voltage or over temperature or the the window on the photo eye has gotten dirty, so signal quality is deteriorating. So we standardized all this, so that these diagnostics all come in the same way, and, you can, you know, fix any any problem as fast as possible to to to, minimize downtime. And in the case of things like signal quality, hey. The the the window’s getting dirty. This enables things like preventative maintenance. Oh, I know I’m going into a planned shutdown next week. Now’s the time to go out and clean those sensors kind of thing, because I know that they’re I know that the signal’s going is deteriorating. So some cool things like that, that wouldn’t be possible with a traditional analog signal, which we’re showing here. And it also makes really no sense. I mean, in this example, what we’re showing here is a generic this is a pre pressure sensor. You know, it does its measurement. It then does some amplification, and then to stabilize the signal, it does an a to d, puts it into a micro, which does some temperature compensation linearization. But then, traditionally, prior to IO Link, what you do is then do another data a to send it out via zero to 10 volts or four to 20 milliamps, whatever, into the into a, an a to d card on the backplane of the PLC, I mean, this is just this is just crazy. It’s it’s time consuming. It’s, the the signal is still susceptible to interference. The the analog inputs on the cards on the PLC are expensive. There’s manual calibration of the signal. But with IO Link, it just makes sense. You take that signal right from the micro, pump it out digitally via an IO Link inexpensive interface to your, to your IO. And, we use that unshielded three wire inexpensive cable, Shawn Tierney (Host): and Michael Bowne (PI): then you get all those parameters and diagnostics. And, really, that’s the point of using IO Link is all that extra data, all that extra information that that comes along with the the process data. Shawn Tierney (Host): Yeah. And so those of you who are listening, I mean, what we saw there was to to shoot out a four to 20 milliamp signal or zero to 10 volt signal, it had to convert it from the digital value that was inside the device to analog, then I have to pump it out. And, you know, we always have to worry about noise and, you know, shielding and all that, you know, depending on the length of the run. And then in the PLC analog card, it’s converting it from analog back to digital, so you have that zero to 32,000 value or zero to 64,000, whatever your PLC does. And so IO Link does eliminate that. It eliminates the noise of your traditional analog. And I know I’ve met so many customers say we have no noise issues on our analog, and that’s great. But not everybody’s in that same boat. So you’re eliminating that d to a and then a to d, and that’s that’s you’re keeping everything digital. So you’re not only getting a cleaner, more accurate value from your device, you’re also getting all those additional pieces of information and the ability to be maybe configured to products. Some of these products need to be changed based on the type of product they’re sensing, you know, the type of fluid going through, the recipe that’s being drawn, the lighting, the colors. So all those different things, you you know, with a typical analog signal, you’re not gonna be able to send back and do a configuration to it. So, go ahead. Back to you, Michael. Michael Bowne (PI): No. You’re right. Exactly. We we have I I took this line out of this deck for the for, you know, for for brevity, but we show examples of of particularly food and bev, right, where you have batches, different I’m running a different batch. I’m running a different product. I need a different label on the on the bottle or whatever I’m running through the the the machine. You reconfigure that via the HMI. It sends all that stuff down to the sensors. Okay. Now I know I’m looking for I should be sensing this instead of this. Shawn Tierney (Host): Yeah. It could be a clear bottle sensor, the clear bottle detector that the bottles change colors. So it’s has a different setting, or it could be background suppression depending on the color of the product. You need a different setting or a color sensor. Maybe you’re making different products and the different colors, and so, you know, all this is now configurable through your PLC, through your control system, through your HMI, which I just think is so cool. Michael Bowne (PI): Yeah. It’s it’s it’s super cool. Alright. Let’s get a little bit technical here. I think for some of the engineers, that might be nice. The IO Link signal and 24 volt power supply, like like we talked about before, it’s it’s an m 12 connector. So you’ve got five pins. Your pin one is your high, pin three is your low, and then pin four is your CQ line. That’s that’s where the IO Link digital signal lives. It’s serial. It’s bidirectional. It’s point to point. And then we also have on that same pin four, if you so desired, you could also parameterize your device via IO Link, set it all up, and then put it in what’s known as a CO mode or simple IO mode. And I’ll show that on the next slide too if maybe you’ve just got a digital IO, that you want a fast switching interface. So pins one and three are our power. Pins two and five are freely assignable. So for example, if you wanted to use that pin four for your IO Link signal and then separately have your own DI or DQ line, you could do that using a three wire, four wire, five wire cable. And then what’s cool also in IO Link and we’re starting to see this more and more is we call this port class b, same m 12 connector, same five pins, but pins two and five provide a separate power supply for additional power because and this is cool. We’re starting to see more and more IO link just, like, simple actuators Mhmm. On the market. And that’s really neat. So let’s say you’ve got some simple linear actuator, not not a complex, you know, driver, you know, or motor or something like that, but a a simple linear actuator. You can drive that via IO Link if you just gotta move something really, you know, maybe maybe even within connected to the same ports, on the master as some other sensors, and so you can do that logic in the master itself, you know, simple simple stuff like that. But that’s also possible with IO Link where you can drive it, not just sense it, but also actuate it with with IO Link. So that’s that’s some cool stuff that’s coming down the line. Shawn Tierney (Host): You know, and I found that all the IO Link devices I had here, they came with the SIO mode already set up. So I was able to use the photo eyes and the proxies and all the other devices just as simple IO devices and without even touching the IO Link side of it, which I think is cool because, you know, in in many cases, you just need a photo eye to get up and running. Right? Michael Bowne (PI): Yeah. And that’s and that’s how they come out of the box. So out of the box, it’s in that CO mode. And I think you you kinda touched on this before. Maybe many customers have IO Link devices Yeah. On their machine. They don’t even know it Mhmm. Shawn Tierney (Host): Because they Michael Bowne (PI): took it out of the box. They needed that photo. They plugged it in and away they went. But there’s also that all all that extra stuff. If they wanted to, they could get down into the IO Link part of it. Mhmm. Maybe to reparameterize it, or what if you got to change, you still wanna use the CO mode. You just want that digital input. What if you wanna change the switching distance, for example, something like that? I don’t want it to switch at one meter. I want it to switch at two meters or whatever. So all that all that can be configured via IO Link. So on the if we if we talk about the the IO Link communication itself, there are three transmission speeds, comms one, two, and three. Comm one is 4.8 kilobits per second. COM two is 38.4 kilobits per second, and COM three is 230.4 kilobits per second. IO Link masters support all three comm modes, but devices are free to choose based on what they’re sending. If it’s temperature, maybe you don’t need COM three because that’s changing more slowly than something like like like we’re talking about a proximity sensor, which may want to send that a little bit more quickly and uses that that COM three mode. Many, many devices use COM three mode because still two hundred two hundred thirty kilobits per second, that’s, you know, that’s not gonna that’s not gonna kill you. And then a typical cycle time, because this is the question we get all the time, is what kind of cycle time can be achieved? It’s about a millisecond at at com three. So if you’re, you know, trying to go submillisecond, you know, maybe IO Link is not is not the solution at that point. But for many, many applications, that one millisecond cycle time can can, can accomplish whatever they need to. And then what’s cool is that from the EyeLink master’s perspective, it’ll have eight or 16 sensors connected to it. Each device can be set independently. So on this port this device, I’m talking at this comm rate and this cycle time. This other port number two, I’m speaking at a different transmission speed and a different cycle time and so on and so forth, you know, so that you’re not sending data unnecessarily that is simply just being sent for the purposes of being sent. And that’s and that’s pretty cool. Shawn Tierney (Host): And a lot of times, you don’t because you’re not reading a digital on off, you don’t the speed, you’re you’re actually getting a value, and that value a lot of times your PLC is not gonna be running faster than a millisecond scan time. So if you’re getting your value updated, you know, faster than the PLC, then that’s a then then that’s really what you need. Do you know how fast is your PLC running? How fast can your program controller use that value? And, you know, I’d be hard pressed to see a lot of applications where they’re breaking that one millisecond update rate. The other thing too is just because we’re talking at the speed doesn’t mean the actual calculation is even possible in a millisecond. So, you know, temperature changes, things that that sensors there’s limit limitations to the physical world. You know? And, you know, I I don’t know if anybody’s ever said this to you before, Michael, but when I first saw the whole comm thing, I thought that was confusing because having grown up with PCs, I always thought of comp one, comp two, comp one group. Right? And these are really just bought what I would call from the old days, sewer rates. Right? Michael Bowne (PI): Yeah. Exactly. Shawn Tierney (Host): Exactly. Insight why why they is it just maybe because it was the standard started overseas or any idea why they went with CALM? Michael Bowne (PI): I’m not gonna lie to you. That’s the first time I’ve gotten that question. Shawn Tierney (Host): Really? Okay. Michael Bowne (PI): Why they’re called that yeah. Let’s just let’s just rewrite this. They call it BOD one, BOD two, BOD three. Shawn Tierney (Host): I know. It’s just so weird. But, anyways, sorry sorry, audience. I just have Michael Bowne (PI): That’s a good one. That’s a good one. Nope. I’ll take that one back. Alright. So IO Link data comes in a couple different flavors. You have your process data. That’s your bread and butter, what you’re using to run the run the factory. Transmitted cyclically in a Telegram, the the data size is defined by the device, and it can be up to 32 bytes for each device, both input and output. Along with that comes a value bit indicating whether the process data is valid or invalid, and this can be transmitted is transmitted cyclically with the the process data. And then you have things that happen acyclically. These would be device data like parameters, identification data, diagnostic information, and these happen on request of the IO Link master. Obviously, a lot of that happens during startup, but also can happen during runtime if, as shown here on the slide with the with the last case, events can be error messages. So the the, the device will set a flag. Hey. There’s a short circuit or so, and then the the master can pull that device for more information, more diagnostic information, based on that event flag that’s that’s set by the set by the device. And so, the the question we always get at this point is, how do I make this all work? How do I integrate this stuff into my into my plant? Shawn Tierney (Host): Before we go any further, I did wanna jump back and tell you about a service I’m doing that I don’t think I’ve talked about very much, and it’s comes in two different flavors. First of all, I’ve actually had some vendors and companies reach out to me and say, Shawn, I know you don’t wanna travel all around the country with all your equipment. Right? That’s not what you do, but we want you to come out and teach us something. Would you come out and do a lecture? We’ll set up our own equipment. And, can you come out and just run us through some of the products and teach us some of your knowledge, and you don’t have to worry about bringing all the equipment with you. And so that’s something I really don’t talk about much, but I do wanna tell you that if you’re looking for training and you need it on-site, of course, you do have to pay for my travel time. But if you do want me to come out for a day or two days or for a week and do training on any of the products I train online now. Now if you want me to come out and do training on a product I don’t already have a curriculum on, I can’t do it. The building the curriculum is where all of my costs is on the training. Right? I shouldn’t say that. The web service in in in the back end does cost something every month as well, but most of the time it goes into and that’s really what being self employed is it’s time. Right? Most of the time goes into build building the curriculum. So if you have a need for somebody like Shawn, we can’t do a webinar. We can’t do a Teams meeting. We we can’t do online training. We want you to come out. And, again, I just got a call on this yesterday. Yes. I can do that. As long as the curriculum I’m gonna teach you is something I already have existing. And, I’m not gonna hand out lab books. We can buy you lab books if you want. People sell great lab books for $80.90 dollars a pop. If you want lab books, I’d be more than happy to include that in the quote. But in any case, I that’s one thing I do. The other thing I’ve been doing with vendors is they’ve hired me to come out and interview them at their trade show. So, usually, what happens is somebody will sponsor a podcast for $5.99. They’ll come on. We’ll do the interview. I’ll edit it all up. I’ll put their links in. We’ll talk about the thumbnail, and then we’ll release it ad free. Right? And so that covers my cost of producing that episode roughly. Right? We just raised it from $4.99 to $5.99 because most of the shows were were actually upside down on, so we need to raise it a little bit to make sure we’re covering our cost. But in any case, sometimes vendors have, you know, they have their own trade show, and they may have all of their product specialists there. And they’re like, hey, Shawn. We would like to do six or seven interviews at the trade show. Would you come out and actually record them there? We’ll pay your flight. We’ll pay your hotel and your expenses to get there and back. And so that’s another thing I haven’t talked about much that I’m doing. I’m working with some, you know, top five vendors to do that, and I’ve done it in the past. And so I did wanna explain it to you if you’re a vendor listening or if you are, talking to your vendor, like, you should have Shawn come out and interview all your people. You have them all in one place. Let them know that they can contact me about doing that. Again, you can contact me at theautomationblog.com, LinkedIn, YouTube, theautomationschool.com, pretty much any way you want. You can write me snail mail if you want. But in any case, I do wanna share that, and we also have in person training. I think I’ve talked to you guys about this quite a bit. We do custom in person training for as little as two people, $900 a day up to four people. And so if you wanna get some people in here, we can actually do Allen Bradley and Siemens in two days back to back. One day Allen Bradley, one day Siemens. So if you wanna learn two PLCs in two days back to back now I do have somebody ask me, hey, Shawn. Where’s your schedule of upcoming courses? And back in my previous life of twenty five years, we were always trying to sign people up and then canceling, you know, events and classes because, we wouldn’t get enough people to meet the vendors minimum. So I don’t wanna do that. So I don’t have actually any dates now. I have been talking with doing a intensive POC boot camp, but, you know, I just got so much things going on in my life right now that I don’t think I could pull that together this fall. But in any case, if you need some training, you wanna send your people here, we can even start at, like, noontime and then end the final day at noontime so you can get your flights and travel and all that. We’re one hour away from Albany, New York, and that’s a great little airport to fly in and out of. Actually, I’m flying out of it in November. They’ll go to a trade show, to interview vendors, vendors, product people. But in any case, I just wanna break in. There’s something about my company. I don’t think I ever talked to you guys about much, and so I just wanted to insert it here since I’m sponsoring this episode and eating the cost to produce it. I wanted to share that with you. And now, I won’t be back until the end of the show, so please enjoy the rest of this episode. Send any feedback you have to me, and, we’ll talk to you at the end of the show. Michael Bowne (PI): And it kinda works like this. So you have your IO Link device, which has an IODD file, which we mentioned earlier, that gets ingested by a parameterization tool. The parameterization tool comes with the IO Link master. Could be a separate piece of software. In some cases, could be a web page built into the IO Link master itself. Depends on depends on the vendor. But then what happens after that, how that data goes from the IO Link master to the controller, the PLC, is fieldbus specific. So you have your own, fieldbus file, you know, GSD or EDS or ESI, whatever the case may be, which is ingested by the engineering tool of the of the PLC and kind of outside way outside the scope of of of IO Link. And so the EDS file, the GSD file, and and that is the that data then gets sent via fieldbus, and that’s the sum of all the IO Link device data from all the ports on the IO Link master, where that IO Link communication as as defined by the IODD file, configures the port for the master and for the devices. And so an IODD file is provided by the devices, and every device manufacturer must provide an IODD for their device. It can be downloaded from the IODD finder, which is a website, and, it it describes what the entire device does. It describes the process data length, the process data structure, the parameter the name of the parameters, what range to expect, the data types, the addresses of the parameters in the in the in the indexes and subindexes. It can talk about GUI information, pages on which a parameter shall be displayed, names of parameter pages, all this kind of stuff is in an IODD file. It’s a it’s a zip file where you have that IODD as an XML. So that’s how we format the file. So it’s it’s both and this is the key part, both machine readable and and human readable. It’s got a little picture of the device, picture of the manufacturer logo. And with your permission, maybe I can show the IODD finder. It’s, ioddfinder.io-link.com. Mhmm. Looks simple enough. Let’s say we wanna look at a I’m gonna type in something here. Max ref. Let’s pick this. So this is just a this is a reference design, not an actual product that that, an end user would employ in their in their factory, but a reference design of something that maybe a device manufacturer would use. And it’s shows the manufacturer name, the article name number, the product name, the device ID. All that stuff is ingested by the parameterization tool, which then uses that information to go up to this IODD finder and grab the IODD file shown here, which can be downloaded if you wanted to look at it yourself. But in the past few years, we implemented what’s called an IODD viewer, which is pretty cool, which takes that nice XML file and parses it. So in human readable form, if you wanted to compare quickly, hey. I’m an end user. I wanna compare the IODD file from device vendor a to device vendor b to kinda see what kind of features they have. You could do that all very easily, and that’s shown here in the IODD viewer. What’s really what’s really neat about this IODD finder is that it has two ways it it it gets accessed. That’s this website that I just showed here. So as in humans are are accessing it, but it’s also accessible via API. And we we track the the traffic to the Audi divider, and the vast, vast majority of the traffic comes via API. So these are IO Link masters that just had a device connected to them. Parameter is I’m sorry. Parameterization tool that has a you know, or connected to the IO Link master that had device connected them. They go up to the AudiD finder, and they pull down that IODD file for the device that was just connected so that now they they can be, configured. And that’s really, really cool stuff. So all these IODD files are in one spot, in one database up there for for viewing or via the IODD viewer or for access from any number of IO Link tools out there. Shawn Tierney (Host): So when we’re talking about API access, we’re talking about the tool we’re using to configure the master. So it could be a web page built into the master, or it could be a separate software program. Do I have that correct? Michael Bowne (PI): Yeah. Right. So the parameterization tool, yeah, is usually is usually a software package that’ll run on your computer connecting to your, IO Link master that parameterizes the IO Link master. Yeah. Shawn Tierney (Host): Excellent. Or Michael Bowne (PI): through the network somehow. Maybe through the network. Yeah. Goes out and grabs that IODD file from the IODD finder to, you know, to parameterize that port in that device. Shawn Tierney (Host): Which is excellent because in previous iterations of smart networks and smart devices, you always have to go searching a vendor’s website, and then people would get the wrong file, and then I would be in the field saying this is never gonna work because you get the wrong device file. If they can’t give you the right device file, you’ll never get it to work. You know? And so this is much better having the organization have everybody require everybody who has IO Link to put their IODD files in the one place so everybody can always find it. And so the software tools can find it automatically for you, which is just a huge a huge change versus what we went through in the nineties. Michael Bowne (PI): Exactly. We came on a CD or something or what I mean, God only knows. I’m gonna switch gears a little bit here, talk about two topics subtopics within the IO Link domain, and one of them is IO Link wireless. This is, what we call is bridging the gap. So it’s an IEC standard, six eleven thirty nine as of November 2023, Shawn Tierney (Host): and Michael Bowne (PI): it’s enabling connections that simply weren’t possible before for IO Link. And in an example here, we’re showing a a smart machine tool where the IO Link sensor is integrated into the chuck of the lathe. Now that guy is spinning at 6,000 RPMs. That connection simply couldn’t be possible couldn’t be done any other way than with IO Link wireless or, let’s say, independent movers. So you’ve seen these moving systems where you’ve got the either floating or on a on a rail the other track systems exactly. If you integrate the smarts of IO Link onto the movers themselves instead of using, SCARA or Delta robots to do the to I mean, that’s you’re saving huge amounts of cost Mhmm. That way if the if those guys can move on their own, and they use IO Link wireless to do that. Slip rings where certainly sending power, is is well known, but sometimes communication can be tricky via slip ring. Mhmm. Yeah. End of arm tooling, like robot robot end of arms where you have a you’re gonna change the tool at the end of the arm. It’s more lightweight, saving on on robot cost that way. Less fewer lighter robots can be used, but it’s it’s, it’s cool. It the architecture looks pretty much the same, where you have your field level, your IO, and instead of wired connections, it’s it’s simply a wireless connection. Is that wired? It’s it’s wireless. And and what’s different about IO Link Wireless is that it was built for industry. So I think in the past, people have been burned by wireless technologies that made some promises that didn’t maybe you know, they they couldn’t meet the the the the the rigorous environment and and requirements of of industry, but that was different. It was built for industry from the start. So it uses the two point two point four gig license free ISM band. And what we do is a is this frequency hopping so that we use the same IO link, you know, data structure. We do this frequency hopping, and it’s it’s a cycle of five milliseconds. So you’re not going to get that one millisecond time that you get via wired IO link. We do a five millisecond cycle time, and then it’s using this frequency hopping method. It’s basically cable grade, connection, 10 to the minus nine error probability. You can have hundreds of wireless devices in a machine, and it’s deterministic. It’s designed it is designed from the outside for both for control, of course, but, of course, also for for monitoring and maybe, like, a brownfield. You wanna you can’t get IO Link to a sensor or something that you can maybe use IO Link wireless to get access to some some hard to reach sensor. Shawn Tierney (Host): Well, you know, I thought that I think this is so

Today Lee Sharkey of Goodfire joins The Cognitive Revolution to discuss his research on parameter decomposition methods that break down neural networks into interpretable computational components, exploring how his team's "stochastic parameter decomposition" approach addresses the limitations of sparse autoencoders and offers new pathways for understanding, monitoring, and potentially steering AI systems at the mechanistic level. Check out our sponsors: Oracle Cloud Infrastructure, Shopify. Shownotes below brought to you by Notion AI Meeting Notes - try one month for free at ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://⁠⁠notion.com/lp/nathan Parameter vs. Activation Decomposition: Traditional interpretability methods like Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) focus on analyzing activations, while parameter decomposition focuses on understanding the parameters themselves - the actual "algorithm" of the neural network. No "True" Decomposition: None of the decompositions (whether sparse dictionary learning or parameter decomposition) are objectively "right" because they're all attempting to discretize a fundamentally continuous object, inevitably introducing approximations. Tradeoff in Interpretability: There's a balance between reconstruction loss and causal importance - as you decompose networks more, reconstruction loss may worsen, but interpretability might improve up to a certain point. Potential Unlearning Applications: Parameter decomposition may make unlearning more straightforward than with SAEs because researchers are already working in parameter space and can directly modify vectors that perform specific functions. Function Detection vs. Input Direction: A function like "deception" might manifest in many different input directions that SAEs struggle to identify as a single concept, while parameter decomposition might better isolate such functionality. Knowledge Extraction Goal: A key aim is to extract knowledge from models by understanding how they "think," especially for tasks where models demonstrate superhuman capabilities. Sponsors: Oracle Cloud Infrastructure: Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) is the next-generation cloud that delivers better performance, faster speeds, and significantly lower costs, including up to 50% less for compute, 70% for storage, and 80% for networking. Run any workload, from infrastructure to AI, in a high-availability environment and try OCI for free with zero commitment at https://oracle.com/cognitive Shopify: Shopify powers millions of businesses worldwide, handling 10% of U.S. e-commerce. With hundreds of templates, AI tools for product descriptions, and seamless marketing campaign creation, it's like having a design studio and marketing team in one. Start your $1/month trial today at https://shopify.com/cognitive

The mystical and highly aesthetic Hand Pan now has a friend in Roland. In June they released their 'Mood Pan' an electronic hand pan that is built in with different scales and keys. In the Round Robin, we're following on from last week's discussion and examining the line between learning best practices by learning the production game, and creating ingenuity and innovation by pushing the limits. Help Support the Channel:Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/audionauticThanks to our Patrons who support what we do:Audionauts: Abby, Bendu, David Svrjcek, Josh Wittman, Paul Ledbrook, Matt Donatelli and Stephen SetzepfandtLars Haur - Audionaut ProducerJonathan Goode - Audionaut ProducerJoin the conversation: