AIG Global Trade Series

The 2024 edition of the AIG Global Trade Series explores the theme of ‘Back to the Future: A New Era of Managed Trade?'Both the digital transition and decarbonisation ambitions have heightened demand for specialty metals, including nickel and lithium for electric vehicles and rare earths for advanced microelectronics. But as advanced economies' access to these metals is becoming increasing critical, supply security concerns are increasing: production of critical metals is concentrated in a small number of locations, while geopolitical tensions are rising.  The race to produce and acquire these minerals is boosting investment in Asia-Pacific, changing the relationship between the region and the global economy. Focusing on Indonesia and Australia, what role do producer countries play in the global supply chain for critical metals? How are these countries responding to economic and geopolitical and sustainability pressures? And how are countries in the region handling growing pressures towards fragmentation seen elsewhere in the advanced technologies global supply chain?Panellists:        Professor Ian Satchwell, Adjunct Professor, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of QueenslandDr Alloysius Joko Purwanto, Energy Economist, ERIAModerator:      Dr Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael InstituteThis podcast episode was recorded on 2 October 2024. Related content from GTS Contributors:Report | Reclaiming Leadership: Australia and the global critical minerals raceReport | Policies and Infrastructure Development for the Wider Penetration of xEVs in ASEAN Countries – Phase II ___ The Global Trade Series is a collaboration between AIG and the following international organisations with leading expertise on global trade: the Aspen Institute Germany; CEBRI - the Brazilian Center for International Relations; Chatham House (UK); CITD - the Center on Inclusive Trade and Development at Georgetown University Law Center (US); the Clingendael Institute (The Netherlands); Elcano Royal Institute (Spain); ERIA – the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (Indonesia); ISPI - the Italian Institute for International Political Studies; the Jacques Delors Institute (France); RIETI - the Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan); and the St. Gallen Endowment for Prosperity through Trade (Switzerland).The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not reflect the views, policy or position of American International Group Inc, or its subsidiaries or affiliates (AIG). Any content provided by the speakers in this podcase series is their opinion, and is not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or group of individuals or anyone or anything. AIG makes no warranty or representations as to the accuracy, completeness, correctness or validity of any information provided during this podcast series, and AIG will not be liable for any errors, inaccuracies or omissions in the information provided during this podcast series or any damages, losses, liabilities, injuries resulting from or arising from the Podcast including your use of the Podcast. 

The 2024 edition of the AIG Global Trade Series explores the theme of ‘Back to the Future: A New Era of Managed Trade?'Digitally delivered services have experienced a four-fold increase in value since 2005 and now account for a significant share of all services exports. At a time of growing concern about the slowdown in global trade in goods, the boom in digital services trade is a comparative bright spot.But does this perception fully align with the reality? Are the pressures on the global trade system - such as geopolitics, the risk of trade fragmentation and non-tariff measures - really less disruptive of digital services trade than they are of trade in goods? How could the WTO help promote and protect digital trade and harmonise regulatory approaches to digital services? And what does a growth in digital services mean for development and inclusion?Panellists:        Richard Baldwin, Professor of International Economics, IMD Business SchoolJennifer Hillman, Professor of Practice, Georgetown University Law Center; Co-Director, Center for Inclusive Trade and Development (CITD)Emily Jones, Director of the Global Economic Governance programme, Blavatnik School of Government, University of OxfordJane Drake-Brockman, Executive Director, Australian Services InstituteModerator:      Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael InstituteThis podcast episode was recorded on 12 September 2024.___ The Global Trade Series is a collaboration between AIG and the following international organisations with leading expertise on global trade: the Aspen Institute Germany; CEBRI - the Brazilian Center for International Relations; Chatham House (UK); CITD - the Center on Inclusive Trade and Development at Georgetown University Law Center (US); the Clingendael Institute (The Netherlands); Elcano Royal Institute (Spain); ERIA – the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (Indonesia); ISPI - the Italian Institute for International Political Studies; the Jacques Delors Institute (France); RIETI - the Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan); and the St. Gallen Endowment for Prosperity through Trade (Switzerland).

The 2024 edition of the AIG Global Trade Series explores the theme of ‘Back to the Future: A New Era of Managed Trade?' Four years on from Britain's departure from the EU, politicians on both sides of the Channel continue to grapple with its consequences. In recent months, the election of the Labour government in the UK and the reelection of Ursula Von der Leyen as President of the European Commission have opened a new more constructive chapter in the complex process of negotiation over the UK's relationship with its neighbours.  For the UK, mitigating Brexit's negative effects on trade and business remains a central goal in the reset of relations. For the Commission, trade issues are increasingly wrapped up in a broad concern, vividly captured in the recent Draghi report, about the EU's competitiveness and its long-term economic growth.  What are the political and economic parameters within which the UK and EU are working on a reset?  Where are the red lines and where the areas of Win-Win? And can a new deal help address the growth challenge on both sides of the Channel?  Panellists:        Georgina Wright, Senior Fellow and Deputy Director for International Studies, Institut Montaigne  Dr Nicolai von Ondarza, Head of Research Division, EU/Europe, German Institute for International and Security Affairs (Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, SWP)  David Henig, Director, UK Trade Policy Project, European Centre for International Political Economy (ECIPE) Moderator:      Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute  This podcast episode was recorded on 26 September 2024.  Related content from GTS Contributors:  Paper | Extraterritoriality: a Blind Spot in the EU's Economic Security Strategy | Institut Montaigne  Paper |The UK and the EU: New Opportunities, Old Obstacles | SWP  Report | Negotiating Uncertainty in UK-EU Relations: Past, Present, and Future | ECIPE ___  The Global Trade Series is a collaboration between AIG and the following international organisations with leading expertise on global trade: the Aspen Institute Germany; CEBRI - the Brazilian Center for International Relations; Chatham House (UK); CITD - the Center on Inclusive Trade and Development at Georgetown University Law Center (US); the Clingendael Institute (The Netherlands); Elcano Royal Institute (Spain); ERIA – the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (Indonesia); ISPI - the Italian Institute for International Political Studies; the Jacques Delors Institute (France); RIETI - the Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan); and the St. Gallen Endowment for Prosperity through Trade (Switzerland).  The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not reflect the views, policy or position of American International Group Inc, or its subsidiaries or affiliates (AIG). Any content provided by the speakers in this podcase series is their opinion, and is not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or group of individuals or anyone or anything. AIG makes no warranty or representations as to the accuracy, completeness, correctness or validity of any information provided during this podcast series, and AIG will not be liable for any errors, inaccuracies or omissions in the information provided during this podcast series or any damages, losses, liabilities, injuries resulting from or arising from the Podcast including your use of the Podcast.

The 2024 edition of the AIG Global Trade Series explores the theme of ‘Back to the Future: A New Era of Managed Trade?'  While the BJP fell short of an overall majority in India's recent parliamentary elections, Prime Minister Narendra Modi is set for a third consecutive term – but this time as part of a coalition government. This is uncharted territory for the world's most populous country. How might this new political constellation affect India's economic and geopolitical decision-making? What are the potential implications for India's trade policy and its positioning between the US and China, both of whom see it as a necessary partner? Lastly, what does the new political environment in Delhi mean for India's attractiveness as a destination for companies and investors looking to de-risk from China? Panelists:        Manjari Chatterjee Miller, Senior Fellow for India, Pakistan, and South Asia, Council on Foreign Relations  Neha Mishra, Assistant Professor, International law, Geneva Graduate Institute  Moderator:  Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute  This podcast episode was recorded on 24 June 2024.   Related content from GTS Contributors:  Book | Why Nations Rise: Narratives and the Path to Great Power  Book | Wronged by Empire, Post Imperial Ideology and Foreign Policy in India and China  Paper | International Trade Law Meets Data Ethics: A Brave New World  Paper | Data at the Docks: Modernising International Trade Law for the Digital Economy ___  The Global Trade Series is a collaboration between AIG and the following international organisations with leading expertise on global trade: the Aspen Institute Germany; CEBRI - the Brazilian Center for International Relations; Chatham House (UK); CITD - the Center on Inclusive Trade and Development at Georgetown University Law Center (US); the Clingendael Institute (The Netherlands); Elcano Royal Institute (Spain); ERIA – the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (Indonesia); ISPI - the Italian Institute for International Political Studies; the Jacques Delors Institute (France); RIETI - the Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan); and the St. Gallen Endowment for Prosperity through Trade (Switzerland).  The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not reflect the views, policy or position of American International Group Inc, or its subsidiaries or affiliates (AIG). Any content provided by the speakers in this podcase series is their opinion, and is not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or group of individuals or anyone or anything. AIG makes no warranty or representations as to the accuracy, completeness, correctness or validity of any information provided during this podcast series, and AIG will not be liable for any errors, inaccuracies or omissions in the information provided during this podcast series or any damages, losses, liabilities, injuries resulting from or arising from the Podcast including your use of the Podcast.

As the competition between the US and China over electric vehicles ramps up, the pressure has mounted on the EU to agree its own approach to the issue of Chinese EVs. While there are widespread concerns about the impact of Chinese EV imports and calls for the EU to protect its auto industry, others argue that the availability of affordable Chinese EVs and “green tech” more generally can help accelerate Europe's own transition. This critical policy debate is taking place against a backdrop of concern about the global impact of Chinese industrial over-capacity. Why is the EU concerned and is it right to be? How might the EV issue affect broader EU-China trade relations and what are its implications for EU-US trade relations? Lastly, what does the EV case teach us about how the EU should balance decarbonisation and industrial policy? For a discussion of the US-China EV rivalry, listen to the previous episode of the AIG Global Trade Series 2024: “Car Wars (Part 1)” features Rem Korteweg in conversation with Scott Kennedy and Wendy Cutler.The 2024 edition of the AIG Global Trade Series explores the theme of ‘Back to the Future: A New Era of Managed Trade?'   Panellists:        Elvire Fabry, Senior Research Fellow, Jacques Delors Institute  Miguel Otero Iglesias, Senior Analyst, Elcano Royal Institute  Moderator:      Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute  This podcast episode was recorded on 17 June 2024.   Related content from GTS Contributors:  Policy Paper | Shields Up: How China, Europe, Japan, and the United States shape the world through economic security  Article | The economics and geopolitics of electric cars: a European Perspective ___  The Global Trade Series is a collaboration between AIG and the following international organisations with leading expertise on global trade: the Aspen Institute Germany; CEBRI - the Brazilian Center for International Relations; Chatham House (UK); CITD - the Center on Inclusive Trade and Development at Georgetown University Law Center (US); the Clingendael Institute (The Netherlands); Elcano Royal Institute (Spain); ERIA – the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (Indonesia); ISPI - the Italian Institute for International Political Studies; the Jacques Delors Institute (France); RIETI - the Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan); and the St. Gallen Endowment for Prosperity through Trade (Switzerland).  The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not reflect the views, policy or position of American International Group Inc, or its subsidiaries or affiliates (AIG). Any content provided by the speakers in this podcase series is their opinion, and is not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or group of individuals or anyone or anything. AIG makes no warranty or representations as to the accuracy, completeness, correctness or validity of any information provided during this podcast series, and AIG will not be liable for any errors, inaccuracies or omissions in the information provided during this podcast series or any damages, losses, liabilities, injuries resulting from or arising from the Podcast including your use of the Podcast.

Panellists:  Scott Kennedy, Senior Advisor and Trustee Chair in Chinese Business and Economics, CSIS (Center for Strategic & International Studies)Wendy Cutler, Vice President and Managing Director, Washington, D.C. Office, ASPI (Asia Society Policy Institute)Moderator:  Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael InstituteThis podcast episode was recorded on 24 May 2024. The 2024 edition of the AIG Global Trade Series explores the theme of ‘Back to the Future: A New Era of Managed Trade?'Amid rising concern about the effect of China's industrial overcapacity on global markets, the US has adopted tariff measures intended to address China's trade practices and industrial policy in several strategic sectors, notably electric vehicles (EVs).  In retaliation for what Beijing sees as US protectionism, China is moving ahead with tariffs on US imports, including cars.  Move and counter-move have propelled the issue of EVs to the centre of US-China trade relations.What are the political, economic and technological dynamics of the competition between Washington and Beijing over EVs?  Where does the EV issue feature in the US-China dialogue on climate action?  And is the sparring between Washington and Beijing on EVs a harbinger of escalation in their trade relations more broadly?___The Global Trade Series is a collaboration between AIG and the following international organisations with leading expertise on global trade: the Aspen Institute Germany; CEBRI - the Brazilian Center for International Relations; Chatham House (UK); CITD - the Center on Inclusive Trade and Development at Georgetown University Law Center (US); the Clingendael Institute (The Netherlands); Elcano Royal Institute (Spain); ERIA – the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (Indonesia); ISPI - the Italian Institute for International Political Studies; the Jacques Delors Institute (France); RIETI - the Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan); and the St. Gallen Endowment for Prosperity through Trade (Switzerland).The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not reflect the views, policy or position of American International Group Inc, or its subsidiaries or affiliates (AIG). Any content provided by the speakers in this podcase series is their opinion, and is not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or group of individuals or anyone or anything. AIG makes no warranty or representations as to the accuracy, completeness, correctness or validity of any information provided during this podcast series, and AIG will not be liable for any errors, inaccuracies or omissions in the information provided during this podcast series or any damages, losses, liabilities, injuries resulting from or arising from the Podcast including your use of the Podcast. 

Panellists: Victor do Prado, Senior Fellow, Brazilian Center for International Relations – CEBRIShannon O'Neil, Vice President of Studies, and Nelson and David Rockefeller Senior Fellow for Latin America Studies, Council on Foreign Relations Moderator: Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael InstituteThis podcast episode was recorded on 4 April 2024. The 2024 edition of the AIG Global Trade Series explores the theme of ‘Back to the Future: A New Era of Managed Trade?'With geopolitics, concerns for economic security and ambitious industrial policies creating new trading patterns and dependencies, global value chains are being reshaped. This fluid new landscape of global trade presents both opportunities and challenges for two of Latin America's strongest economies: Mexico and Brazil.What are the main factors driving the integration of Mexico and Brazil in global value chains? How has the Biden Administration's industrial strategy impacted Mexico and how is Brazil leveraging its relationship with China, its major source of FDI? What role is trade playing in the industrial development of both countries? And what does the experience of Mexico and Brazil tell us about the place of Latin America in the global economy?___The Global Trade Series is a collaboration between AIG and the following international organisations with leading expertise on global trade: the Aspen Institute Germany; CEBRI - the Brazilian Center for International Relations; Chatham House (UK); the Clingendael Institute (The Netherlands); Elcano Royal Institute (Spain); ERIA – the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (Indonesia); IIEL - the Institute of International Economic Law at Georgetown University Law Center (US); ISPI - the Italian Institute for International Political Studies; the Jacques Delors Institute (France); RIETI - the Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan); and the St. Gallen Endowment for Prosperity through Trade (Switzerland).The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not reflect the views, policy or position of American International Group Inc, or its subsidiaries or affiliates (AIG). Any content provided by the speakers in this podcase series is their opinion, and is not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or group of individuals or anyone or anything. AIG makes no warranty or representations as to the accuracy, completeness, correctness or validity of any information provided during this podcast series, and AIG will not be liable for any errors, inaccuracies or omissions in the information provided during this podcast series or any damages, losses, liabilities, injuries resulting from or arising from the Podcast including your use of the Podcast. 

The 2024 edition of the AIG Global Trade Series explores the theme of ‘Back to the Future: A New Era of Managed Trade?'This special episode, recorded live at Chatham House on the eve of their 2024 Global Trade Conference, considers the potential repercussions on trade of the upcoming US and UK elections. In the UK, current polling suggests that the Labour Party of Sir Keir Starmer is heading for victory whenever the election is called.  Across the Atlantic, Joe Biden and Donald Trump are set for the first rematch in an American presidential election for 70 years. What do the various potential election outcomes mean for British and American trade policy?   And what might they mean for global trade? Panellists:       Creon Butler, Director, Global Economy and Finance Programme, Chatham HouseJennifer Hillman, Professor, IIEL at Georgetown Law; Co-Director of The Center on Inclusive Trade and Development, Georgetown LawModerator: Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael InstituteThis podcast episode was recorded on 7 March 2024.___The Global Trade Series is a collaboration between AIG and the following international organisations with leading expertise on global trade: the Aspen Institute Germany; CEBRI - the Brazilian Center for International Relations; Chatham House (UK); the Clingendael Institute (The Netherlands); Elcano Royal Institute (Spain); ERIA – the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (Indonesia); IIEL - the Institute of International Economic Law at Georgetown University Law Center (US); ISPI - the Italian Institute for International Political Studies; the Jacques Delors Institute (France); RIETI - the Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan); and the St. Gallen Endowment for Prosperity through Trade (Switzerland).The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not reflect the views, policy or position of American International Group Inc, or its subsidiaries or affiliates (AIG). Any content provided by the speakers in this podcase series is their opinion, and is not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or group of individuals or anyone or anything. AIG makes no warranty or representations as to the accuracy, completeness, correctness or validity of any information provided during this podcast series, and AIG will not be liable for any errors, inaccuracies or omissions in the information provided during this podcast series or any damages, losses, liabilities, injuries resulting from or arising from the Podcast including your use of the Podcast. 

Supply, demand and contrasting approaches to security in critical metals.Panellists:        Kathleen Claussen, Professor of Law, Georgetown Law  Simon Evenett, Professor of International Trade and Economic Development, St. Gallen University; Founder of the St. Gallen Endowment for Prosperity Through Trade   Moderator:      Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute  This podcast episode was recorded on 27 February 2024.  The 2024 edition of the AIG Global Trade Series explores the theme of ‘Back to the Future: A New Era of Managed Trade?'  Alongside decarbonisation, the digital transition is leading to higher demand for specialty metals and rare earths elements. With the chemical properties of cobalt, lithium and gallium amongst others being crucial to the production of advanced technologies, and the lack of substitutes, these critical metals are imported from abroad from specific locations.  This concentration of resources, and the consequently increased risk of disruption, has led to concerns about these supply chains being weaponised or leveraged as tools of economic coercion by a producing or processing country. Given the strategic importance to them both of these critical metals, how can the EU and the US secure their access?  This episode explores the dynamics of trade flows in critical resources from both European and US perspectives.   Related content from GTS Contributors:  Report – Authors: Simon Evenett and Johannes Fritz | The Scramble for Critical Raw Materials: Time to Take Stock?  Blog – Author: Kathleen Claussen | What is a Free Trade Agreement, Anyway? The Global Trade Series is a collaboration between AIG and the following international organisations with leading expertise on global trade: the Aspen Institute Germany; CEBRI - the Brazilian Center for International Relations; Chatham House (UK); the Clingendael Institute (The Netherlands); Elcano Royal Institute (Spain); ERIA – the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (Indonesia); IIEL - the Institute of International Economic Law at Georgetown University Law Center (US); ISPI - the Italian Institute for International Political Studies; the Jacques Delors Institute (France); RIETI - the Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan); and the St. Gallen Endowment for Prosperity through Trade (Switzerland).  The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.   

Where does globalisation go from here? Changing dynamics of the global trade landscape Panellists:        Cecilia Malmström, former European Commissioner for Trade; Nonresident Senior Fellow, Peterson Institute for International Economics   Jeongmin Seong, Partner, McKinsey Global Institute (MGI)   Deborah Elms, Founder and Executive Director, Asian Trade Centre     Moderator:      Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute   This podcast episode was recorded on 2 November 2023. The 2023 edition of the AIG Global Trade Series explores the extent and impact of regionalisation on the global trade landscape.   A major theme of the year in global trade has been the reshaping of global value chains and the consequent rise in supply chain risk. In response, policy-makers have focused on economic security - reducing unwanted economic dependencies and mitigating the risk of economic coercion.  This has helped fuel industrial policy, given new significance to the use of subsidies, and encouraged diversification and 'friend shoring'. Yet for all this, global trade is continuing. So how much change has actually taken place? Is the world de-globalising? And how have these trends manifested in Asia, Europe and the Americas?   In this podcast, the GTS 2023 season finale, experts discuss how global trade flows are evolving and assess the outlook for the continued regionalisation of trade in 2024. ___________________________________________ The Global Trade Series is a collaboration between AIG and the following international organisations with leading expertise on global trade: the ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Aspen Institute Germany⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠; ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Chatham House (UK)⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠; ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠CEBRI - the Brazilian Center for International Relations⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠; the ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Clingendael Institute⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (The Netherlands); ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Institute of International Economic Law at Georgetown University Law Center ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠(US); ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ISPI - the Italian Institute for International Political Studies⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠; the ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Jacques Delors Institute⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (France); ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠RIETI - the Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (Japan) and the ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠St. Gallen Endowment for Prosperity through Trade⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (Switzerland).  The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.

Regional competition or global harmonisation? Panellists:        Anu Bradford, Professor of Law and International Organization, Columbia University Karen Kornbluh, Distinguished Fellow for Technology and Competitiveness, German Marshall Fund   Moderator:      Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute   This podcast episode was recorded on 26 October 2023.   The 2023 edition of the AIG Global Trade Series explores the extent and impact of regionalisation on the global trade landscape.   The proliferation of Artificial Intelligence and other data driven services will have a transformative impact on world trade.  At the same time, expanding regulation of the digital economy – be it related to AI, concerns around disinformation or cyber security - will also have profound implications for the way trade is conducted.  In this context the issue of who sets the standards for the global digital economy - and how it is regulated - becomes critical, especially as standard setters often have a material advantage in the market.   So how can different approaches to digital regulation be reconciled against a backdrop of geopolitical tension and macroeconomic insecurity? What is the risk of the digital trade space becoming more fragmented? And what does this mean for the future of trade overall? ___________________________________________ The Global Trade Series is a collaboration between AIG and the following international organisations with leading expertise on global trade: the ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Aspen Institute Germany⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠; ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Chatham House (UK)⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠; ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠CEBRI - the Brazilian Center for International Relations⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠; the ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Clingendael Institute⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (The Netherlands); ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Institute of International Economic Law at Georgetown University Law Center ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠(US); ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ISPI - the Italian Institute for International Political Studies⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠; the ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Jacques Delors Institute⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (France); ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠RIETI - the Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (Japan) and the ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠St. Gallen Endowment for Prosperity through Trade⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (Switzerland).  The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.

Recorded live from the WTO Public Forum 2023 Panellists:  Angela Ellard, WTO Deputy Director-General   Jennifer Hillman, Professor, IIEL at Georgetown Law; Co-Director of The Center on Inclusive Trade and Development, Georgetown Law   Stormy-Annika Mildner, Executive Director, Aspen Institute Germany   Moderator:      Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute   This podcast episode was recorded on 13 September 2023. The 2023 edition of the AIG Global Trade Series explores the extent and impact of regionalisation on the global trade landscape. This special episode of the GTS was recorded at the headquarters of global trade – the WTO in Geneva - during its annual Public Forum in September. With the theme ‘It's Time For Action', the 2023 WTO Public Forum brought delegates and trade experts together to assess the state of trade multilateralism. Many of these discussions focused on how trade can contribute to tackling climate change and promoting sustainability. A new sense of urgency was palpable this year. The 2023 WTO Global Trade Report, launched during the Public Forum, also raised concerns about the regionalisation or even fragmentation of the trade landscape. Protectionist tendencies remain strong and proliferating subsidies are posing a challenge to multilateral rulemaking. At the same time, in a context of rising geopolitical tensions, trade policy is increasingly seen through a national security lens. Where does this gloomy outlook leave the WTO? What role can it play in reducing the risks of trade fragmentation and restoring the credibility and relevance of a rules-based system? ___________________________________________ The Global Trade Series is a collaboration between AIG and the following international organisations with leading expertise on global trade: the ⁠⁠⁠⁠Aspen Institute Germany⁠⁠⁠⁠; ⁠⁠⁠⁠Chatham House (UK)⁠⁠⁠⁠; ⁠⁠⁠⁠CEBRI - the Brazilian Center for International Relations⁠⁠⁠⁠; the ⁠⁠⁠⁠Clingendael Institute⁠⁠⁠⁠ (The Netherlands); ⁠⁠⁠⁠Institute of International Economic Law at Georgetown University Law Center ⁠⁠⁠⁠(US); ⁠⁠⁠⁠ISPI - the Italian Institute for International Political Studies⁠⁠⁠⁠; the ⁠⁠⁠⁠Jacques Delors Institute⁠⁠⁠⁠ (France); ⁠⁠⁠⁠RIETI - the Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry⁠⁠⁠⁠ (Japan) and the ⁠⁠⁠⁠St. Gallen Endowment for Prosperity through Trade⁠⁠⁠⁠ (Switzerland).  The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.

Panellists: Nicholas Mulder, Assistant Professor of History, Cornell University Emily Benson, Director, Project on Trade and Technology and Senior Fellow, Scholl Chair in International Business, CSIS Moderator: Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute This podcast episode was recorded on 8 August 2023. The 2023 edition of the AIG Global Trade Series explores the extent and impact of regionalisation on the global trade landscape. As the high tide of globalisation recedes, trade and economic interdependence are increasingly seen by governments through the lens of national security. The result is a greater readiness to use economic and trade instruments to protect national security and bolster national resilience. Trade policy is more and more influenced by the need to reduce critical supply chain dependencies and to resist economic coercion by antagonistic states. What implications does this growing defensiveness have for international trade flows and how will it impact the global trade landscape for the future? _______ The Global Trade Series is a collaboration between AIG and the following international organisations with leading expertise on global trade: the ⁠⁠⁠Aspen Institute Germany⁠⁠⁠; ⁠⁠⁠Chatham House (UK)⁠⁠⁠; ⁠⁠⁠CEBRI - the Brazilian Center for International Relations⁠⁠⁠; the ⁠⁠⁠Clingendael Institute⁠⁠⁠ (The Netherlands); ⁠⁠⁠Institute of International Economic Law at Georgetown University Law Center ⁠⁠⁠(US); ⁠⁠⁠ISPI - the Italian Institute for International Political Studies⁠⁠⁠; the ⁠⁠⁠Jacques Delors Institute⁠⁠⁠ (France); ⁠⁠⁠RIETI - the Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry⁠⁠⁠ (Japan) and the ⁠⁠⁠St. Gallen Endowment for Prosperity through Trade⁠⁠⁠ (Switzerland).  The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.

Semiconductors, Trade and High-tech Cooperation: Economic, political and supply chain pressures Panellists: Martijn Rasser, Managing Director, Datenna Yasuhiko Ota, Columnist and TV news commentator, Nikkei Moderator: Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute This podcast episode was recorded on 10 July 2023. The 2023 edition of the AIG Global Trade Series explores the extent and impact of regionalisationon the global trade landscape. As critical enablers of economic growth, technological development and national security, semiconductors have become an area of intense competition between states.  But the insecurity of semiconductor supply chains exposed during the Covid 19 pandemic, and highlighted since by growing geopolitical tension, is also driving new forms of international cooperation around semiconductor production and supply.  What is the balance between these two trends and how is it reflected in global trade relations? This episode discusses the geopolitics of semiconductor production – including export controls, state subsidies, friend shoring and new multilateral initiatives – and how they are reflected in trade and trade policy.  The focus is on two key players in the field: Japan and the USA. _______ The Global Trade Series is a collaboration between AIG and the following international organisations with leading expertise on global trade: the ⁠⁠Aspen Institute Germany⁠⁠; ⁠⁠Chatham House (UK)⁠⁠; ⁠⁠CEBRI - the Brazilian Center for International Relations⁠⁠; the ⁠⁠Clingendael Institute⁠⁠ (The Netherlands); ⁠⁠Institute of International Economic Law at Georgetown University Law Center ⁠⁠(US); ⁠⁠ISPI - the Italian Institute for International Political Studies⁠⁠; the ⁠⁠Jacques Delors Institute⁠⁠ (France); ⁠⁠RIETI - the Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry⁠⁠ (Japan) and the ⁠⁠St. Gallen Endowment for Prosperity through Trade⁠⁠ (Switzerland).  The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.

Food Security and Global Trade: Impacting the supply of agricultural goods. Panellists: Emily Rees, President and CEO, CropLife International Marion Jansen, Director, Trade and Agriculture Directorate (TAD), OECD Moderator: Rem Korteweg⁠, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute This podcast episode was recorded on 30 June 2023. The 2023 edition of the AIG Global Trade Series explores the extent and impact of regionalisation on the global trade landscape. With Russia's invasion of Ukraine leading to export restrictions on both Ukrainian grain and Russian fertilizer, food prices - and subsequently inflation - rose significantly. The IMF notes that food insecurity has been rising since 2018 as a result of increasing climate shocks, regional conflicts and the COVID-19 pandemic, which disrupted food production and distribution while driving up food prices.  While particularly affecting developing economies - which are generally more dependent on food imports - there are also serious concerns in the developed world about food security, including the issues of climate impact and new trade measures. What are the most important factors shaping the global trade in agricultural goods? How is this impacting on greater food security? And can the frictions, the restrictions and imbalances in the trade in agricultural goods be addressed multilaterally? The Global Trade Series is a collaboration between AIG and the following international organisations with leading expertise on global trade: the ⁠Aspen Institute Germany⁠; ⁠Chatham House (UK)⁠; ⁠CEBRI - the Brazilian Center for International Relations⁠; the ⁠Clingendael Institute⁠ (The Netherlands); ⁠Institute of International Economic Law at Georgetown University Law Center ⁠(US); ⁠ISPI - the Italian Institute for International Political Studies⁠; the ⁠Jacques Delors Institute⁠ (France); ⁠RIETI - the Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry⁠ (Japan) and the ⁠St. Gallen Endowment for Prosperity through Trade⁠ (Switzerland).  The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.

What are the dynamics shaping Southeast Asian trade policies? Panellists: Lili Yan Ing, Lead Advisor (Southeast Asia Region), ERIA - the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia Cyn-Young Park, Director, Economic Research and Regional Cooperation Department, Asian Development Bank Moderator: Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute This podcast episode was recorded on 24 May 2023 The 2023 edition of the AIG Global Trade Series explores the extent and impact of regionalisation on the global trade landscape. Growing at a rapid pace, the 10 economies of Southeast Asia now collectively form the fifth largest economy globally - behind the US, China, Germany, and Japan. While intraregional trade is increasing - thanks to the new RCEP regional trade agreement that includes China, extra regional trade beyond Southeast Asia is booming. On RSEP, ASEAN took the lead in making this trade agreement happen, which entered into force on 1 st January 2022 and currently covers over 30% of global trade. The most important trading partners of ASEAN are the United States, the European Union, and China - the largest trading partner by far. However, these three trading blocks aim to increase resilience, diversify supplies and reduce their strategic dependencies, which may translate to decreasing their trade exposure to one another. Is ASEAN being caught in the middle? What is shaping ASEAN 's role in global trade, and how will outside dynamics impact it? As supply chain resilience becomes a major discussion point in Southeast Asia, how is ASEAN itself influenced by the supply shocks in the international trading system? The Global Trade Series is a collaboration between AIG and the following international organisations with leading expertise on global trade: the Aspen Institute Germany; Chatham House (UK); CEBRI - the Brazilian Center for International Relations; the Clingendael Institute (The Netherlands); Institute of International Economic Law at Georgetown University Law Center (US); ISPI - the Italian Institute for International Political Studies; the Jacques Delors Institute (France); RIETI - the Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan) and the St. Gallen Endowment for Prosperity through Trade (Switzerland).  The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.

A Trade Powerhouse of South America Moderator: Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute Panellists: Victor do Prado, Senior Fellow, CEBRI Antonella Mori, Head, Latin America Programme, ISPI This podcast episode was recorded on 17 April 2023 The 2023 edition of the AIG Global Trade Series explores the extent and impact of regionalisation on the global trade landscape. With President Lula having returned to office on 1 st January, expectations are raised of a new and positive Brazilian approach to trade, including a possible revival of the EU Mercosur FTA deal. An important voice in the G20 and a key member of the BRICS emerging economies, Brazil's trade increased significantly in 2022 - due in part to higher prices - and forms an increasingly important part of its overall GDP. However, much of this trade leverages the country's mineral and agricultural wealth, raising environmental protection and sustainability concerns. From U.S. and European perspectives, how will Brazil's foreign policy be shaped by the country's relationship with China, as its main trading partner? What does Brasilia make of growing trade tensions between the U.S. and China? How is Brazil dealing with the shift towards greater regionalisation or even trade fragmentation? The Global Trade Series is a collaboration between AIG and the following international organisations with leading expertise on global trade: the Aspen Institute Germany; Chatham House (UK); CEBRI - the Brazilian Center for International Relations; the Clingendael Institute (The Netherlands); Institute of International Economic Law at Georgetown University Law Center (US); the International Chamber of Commerce (UK and France); ISPI - the Italian Institute for International Political Studies; the Jacques Delors Institute (France); RIETI - the Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan) and the St. Gallen Endowment for Prosperity through Trade (Switzerland).  The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.

Is the Climate Agenda driving a wedge through Global Trade Cooperation? Moderator: Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute Panellists: Elvire Fabry, Senior Research Fellow, Jacque Delors Institute Alan Beattie, Senior Trade Writer, The Financial Times This podcast episode was recorded on 17 March 2023 The 2023 edition of the AIG Global Trade Series explores the extent and impact of regionalisation on the global trade landscape. The United States Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), which combines climate policy and industrial policy, caused immediate concerns in Europe. With significant implications for European competitiveness and impact on its Green Deal ambitions, the EU responded primarily with state aid rules relaxation to encourage European green tech firms to stay put. How will the EU and the US resolve this green subsidy dispute? How can trade and the climate agenda go together? With an increased use of subsidies by the US and Europe, what are the broader implications for the future of multilateral rules-based trade? The Global Trade Series is a collaboration between AIG and the following international organisations with leading expertise on global trade: the Aspen Institute Germany; Chatham House (UK); CEBRI - the Brazilian Center for International Relations; the Clingendael Institute (The Netherlands); Institute of International Economic Law at Georgetown University Law Center (US); the International Chamber of Commerce (UK and France); ISPI - the Italian Institute for International Political Studies; the Jacques Delors Institute (France); RIETI - the Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan) and the St. Gallen Endowment for Prosperity through Trade (Switzerland).  The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.

The opportunities and risks of regionalisation Moderator: Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute Panellists: Marianne Schneider-Petsinger, Senior Research Fellow, Global Economy and Finance Programme, Chatham HouseSimon Evenett, Professor of International Trade and Economic Development, St. Gallen University; Founder of the St. Gallen Endowment for Prosperity Through TradeLucia Tajoli, Full Professor in Political Economics, Politecnico di Milano This podcast episode was recorded on 24 February 2023 The 2023 edition of the AIG Global Trade Series explores the extent and impact of regionalisation on the global trade landscape. In this podcast, Rem Korteweg (Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute) is joined by Shannon O'Neil (Vice President, Deputy Director of Studies, and Nelson and David Rockefeller Senior Fellow for Latin America Studies, Council on Foreign Relations) and Vasuki Shastry (Author; Environmental, Social and Governance Advisor; previously Global Head of Public Affairs and Sustainability, Standard Chartered Bank). Listen as they discuss globalisation and its future.  2022 was expected to be the year of the post pandemic recovery. Instead, there have been interest rate hikes across the board, the return of economic nationalism, inflation spiking in many developed economies and supply chain concerns. In discussing the most notable developments of the past year in the world of trade, what do they tell us about the future ahead? Rather than deglobalisation, is global trade being reordered increasingly along regional lines? The Global Trade Series is a collaboration between AIG and the following international organisations with leading expertise on global trade: the Aspen Institute Germany; Chatham House (UK); CEBRI - the Brazilian Center for International Relations; the Clingendael Institute (The Netherlands); Institute of International Economic Law at Georgetown University Law Center (US); the International Chamber of Commerce (UK and France); ISPI - the Italian Institute for International Political Studies; the Jacques Delors Institute (France); RIETI - the Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan) and the St. Gallen Endowment for Prosperity through Trade (Switzerland).  The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.

Is the future of global trade regional? Moderator: Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute Panellists: Shannon O'Neil, Vice President, Deputy Director of Studies, and Nelson and David Rockefeller Senior Fellow for Latin America Studies, Council on Foreign Relations Vasuki Shastry, Author; Environmental, Social and Governance Advisor; previously Global Head of Public Affairs and Sustainability, Standard Chartered Bank This podcast episode was recorded on 16 December 2022 The 2022 edition of the AIG Global Trade Series explores the competition and connectedness that characterise the current trade landscape. In this podcast, Rem Korteweg (Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute) is joined by Shannon O'Neil (Vice President, Deputy Director of Studies, and Nelson and David Rockefeller Senior Fellow for Latin America Studies, Council on Foreign Relations) and Vasuki Shastry (Author; Environmental, Social and Governance Advisor; previously Global Head of Public Affairs and Sustainability, Standard Chartered Bank). Listen as they discuss globalisation and its future. 2022 was expected to be the year of the post pandemic recovery. Instead, there have been interest rate hikes across the board, the return of economic nationalism, inflation spiking in many developed economies and supply chain concerns. In discussing the most notable developments of the past year in the world of trade, what do they tell us about the future ahead? Rather than deglobalisation, is global trade being reordered increasingly along regional lines? Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.

How the global agenda on electronic commerce and digital trade is taking shape. Moderator: Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute Panellists: Simon Evenett, Professor of international Trade and Economic Development at St. Gallen University and Director of the Global Trade Alert initiative Ambassador Pimchanok Pitfield, Permanent representative of Thailand to the WTO Chris Southworth, Secretary General, ICC UK This podcast episode was recorded on 25 November 2022 The 2022 edition of the AIG Global Trade Series explores the competition and connectedness that characterise the current trade landscape. In this podcast, Rem Korteweg (Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute) is joined by Simon Evenett (Professor of international Trade and Economic Development at St. Gallen University and Director of the Global Trade Alert initiative), Ambassador Pimchanok Pitfield (Permanent representative of Thailand to the WTO) and Chris Southworth (Secretary General, International Chamber of Commerce UK). Listen as they discuss the Future for Digital Trade and how the global agenda on electronic commerce and digital trade is taking shape. Digital trade continues to grow significantly. While this area of continued globalisation offers tremendous opportunities, many challenges also exist - particularly around digital standard setting and rule making. Some argue that this should take place at the WTO level, but if the WTO can't do it, how do we get it fixed? And what other initiatives could be useful? Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.

How will the midterm elections outcome impact the U.S. approach to trade? Moderator: Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute Panellists: Fred Hochberg, former Chairman and President of the Export-Import Bank of the United States Stormy-Annika Mildner, Executive Director, Aspen Institute Germany This podcast episode was recorded on 25 November 2022 The 2022 edition of the AIG Global Trade Series explores the competition and connectedness that characterise the current trade landscape. In this podcast, Rem Korteweg (Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute) is joined by Fred Hochberg (former Chairman and President of the Export-Import Bank of the United States) and Stormy-Annika Mildner (Executive Director, Aspen Institute Germany). Listen as they discuss the US Trade agenda after the U.S. midterm elections. For President Joe Biden, the midterms outcome was better than expected, with fewer losses in the House of Representatives than many anticipated and with the Democratic Party maintaining control of the U.S. Senate. How will this outcome impact President Biden's approach to trade over the next two years, if at all? Amidst increased EU-US tensions, such as around the Inflation Reduction Act and the CHIPS and Science Act, will the U.S. return to the World Trade Organization as a constructive partner? Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.

The meeting of trade policy and climate policy. Moderator: Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute Panellists: Inu Manak, Fellow for Trade Policy, Council on Foreign Relations Jennifer Hillman, Professor, IIEL at Georgetown Law; Co-Director of The Center on Inclusive Trade and Development, Georgetown Law This podcast episode was recorded on 29 September 2022 The 2022 edition of the AIG Global Trade Series explores the competition and connectedness that characterise the current trade landscape. In this podcast, Rem Korteweg (Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute) is joined by Inu Manak(Fellow for Trade Policy, Council on Foreign Relations) and Jennifer Hillman (Professor, IIEL at Georgetown Law and Co-Director of The Center on Inclusive Trade and Development, Georgetown Law). This episode was recorded live at the WTO Public Forum in Geneva, with a conference theme of‘Towards a Sustainable and Inclusive Recovery: ambition to action. Listen as they discuss a central issue: how to use trade policy to meet the climate challenge. The meeting of trade and climate policy is a dynamic area of discussion. How can trade policy be used to lower emissions? How can the global emissions embedded in internationally tradedgoods be reduced? Without resorting to protectionism, how can carbon leakagebe addressed so industries that producegoods in a more sustainable way are not penalised? Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.

How does international trade impact on women and gender equality? Moderator: Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute Panellists: Beata Javorcik, Chief Economist, EBRD Katrin Kuhlman, Visiting Professor, Georgetown IIEL This podcast episode was recorded on 7 September 2022 The 2022 edition of the AIG Global Trade Series explores the competition and connectedness that characterise the current trade landscape. In this podcast, Rem Korteweg (Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute) is joined by Beata Javorcik (Chief Economist, EBRD) and Katrin Kuhlman (Visiting Professor, Georgetown IIEL). Listen as they discuss the relationship between global trade and gender equality. Unlocking the economic potential of women is key to unlocking development and growth opportunities. But are opportunities created by international trade also opportunities for gender equality? What steps can be taken to ensure that international trade and globalisation empower women and what role can new technologies play? Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.

How are medium powers impacted by the shifting global trading system? Moderator: Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute Panelists: Sam Lowe, Partner and Head of Trade and Market Access Practice, Flint Global Dr Taeho Bark, President, Lee & Ko Global Commerce Institute This podcast episode was recorded on 16 August 2022 The 2022 edition of the AIG Global Trade Series explores the competition and connectedness that characterise the current trade landscape. In this podcast, Rem Korteweg (Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute) is joined by Sam Lowe (Partner and Head of Trade and Market Access Practice, Flint Global) and Dr Taeho Bark (President, Lee & Ko Global Commerce Institute). Listen as they discuss what role can middle powers play in moving global trade forward. Earlier episodes have discussed the tremendous strain on the global trade system since the pandemic. With supply chains being reordered and national security concerns driving quasi-protectionist policies, there is a risk of the system fragmenting into a series of regulatory blocs. Where would that leave important trading powers that pursue independent trade policies but are invariably affected by the action of the major global players, the US, China and the EU? What role can these middle powers play in salvaging globalisation and renewing multilateralism? And how are they responding to the challenge, both individually and in collaboration with others? Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.

How is ESG impacting global trade relations? Moderator: Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute Panellists: Emily Rees, Senior Fellow at ECIPE and Managing Director at Trade Strategies Marie Kasperek, Executive Director of the Institute of International Economic Law (IIEL) at Georgetown University Law Vasuki Shastry, Associate Fellow, Asia-Pacific Programme, Chatham House This podcast episode was recorded on 17 June 2022 The 2022 edition of the AIG Global Trade Series explores the competition and connectedness that characterise the current trade landscape. In this podcast, Rem Korteweg (Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute) is joined by Emily Rees (Senior Fellow at ECIPE and Managing Director at Trade Strategies); Marie Kasperek (Executive Director of the Institute of International Economic Law (IIEL) at Georgetown University Law; and Vasuki Shastry (Associate Fellow, Asia-Pacific Programme, Chatham House). Listen as they discuss the normative side of trade: Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), Values and Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) criteria. ESG plays an increasingly important role in bilateral and multilateral trade agreements. As geopolitics continues to impact the global trade landscape, there is an increasing US and EU focus on developing a values-based trade agenda. How is the introduction of ESG criteria impacting global trade relations? And what role do values play in shaping contemporary trade ties? Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.

What are the objectives of the TTC and how can these be met? Moderator: Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute Panellists: Elvire Fabry, Senior Research Fellow, Jacques Delors Institute Simon Lester, founder of Worldtradelaw.net Rupert Schlegelmilch, Acting Deputy Director-General, DG Trade, European Commission This podcast episode was recorded on 11 May 2022. The 2022 edition of the AIG Global Trade Series explores the competition and connectedness that characterise the current trade landscape. In this podcast, Rem Korteweg (Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute) is joined by Elvire Fabry (Senior Research Fellow, Jacques Delors Institute); Simon Lester (founder of Worldtradelaw.net); and Rupert Schlegelmilch (Acting Deputy Director-General, DG Trade, European Commission). Listen as they reflect on the role and ambitions of the Transatlantic Trade and Technology Council (TTC). Following the Council's second meeting in Paris, what results are to be expected, will the TTC resolve transatlantic trade disputes and how has the Council's focus changed in response to the conflict in Ukraine? The experts also discuss how the TTC fits into broader US and European trade priorities, and how it measures up against other regional trade initiatives. Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.

A turning point in global trade relations? Moderator: Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute Panellists: Simon Evenett, Professor of international Trade and Economic Development at St. Gallen University and Director of the Global Trade Alert initiative Marianne Schneider-Petsinger, Senior Research Fellow, US and the Americas Programme, Chatham House Antonio Villafranca, Director of Studies at the Italian Institute of Political Studies (ISPI) This podcast episode was recorded on 28 April 2022 The 2022 edition of the AIG Global Trade Series explores the competition and connectedness that characterise the current trade landscape. In this podcast, Rem Korteweg (Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute) is joined by Simon Evenett (Professor of international Trade and Economic Development at St. Gallen University and Director of the Global Trade Alert initiative); Marianne Schneider-Petsinger (Senior Research Fellow, US and the Americas Programme, Chatham House); and Antonio Villafranca (Director of Studies at the Italian Institute of Political Studies (ISPI)). Listen as they discuss the impact of the Ukraine conflict on globalization. Is the conflict a watershed moment for the global trade system leading to its fragmentation into trading blocs? And what could it mean for the way companies and governments deal with supply chain risks, decoupling and resilience? Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.

Are regional agreements the future for global trade networks? Moderator: Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute Panellists: Martin Sandbu, European Economics Commentator, Financial Times James Crabtree, Executive Director, International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS), Asia Wendy Cutler, Vice President, Asia Society Policy Institute (ASPI) This podcast episode was recorded on October 12, 2021 The AIG Global Trade Series 2021 examines the ongoing transformation of the world's multilateral trading system. Regional and plurilateral trade agreements are on the rise and changing in nature. Post pandemic, the search for supply chain resilience could accelerate the trend towards regionalism, and away from globalization. In this podcast, moderator Rem Korteweg of the Clingendael Institute is joined by Martin Sandbu, European Economics Commentator, Financial Times; James Crabtree, Executive Director, International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS), Asia; and Wendy Cutler, Vice President, Asia Society Policy Institute (ASPI). Listen as they discuss whether regionalism is the future for global trade networks or a harbinger for deglobalization, fragmentation and fracturing of the global trade system. Do regional agreements complement or undermine the multilateral trading system underpinned by the World Trade Organization? Will trade, geopolitics and national security issues become ever more entangled through regional and bilateral agreements? And can greater regional integration be a positive force in creating a fairer, greener, and more sustainable global trading system? Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.

Can globalization deliver for all citizens, developing countries and SMEs? Moderator: Marie Kasperek, Executive Director, Institute of International Economic Law, Georgetown Law Panellists: Cecilia Malmström, Former European Commissioner for Trade (2014 to 2019); Peterson Institute for International Economics Marion Jansen, Director of the Trade and Agriculture Directorate, OECD This podcast episode was recorded on October 11, 2021 The AIG Global Trade Series 2021 examines the ongoing transformation of the world's multilateral trading system. How can policymakers strive to make trade fairer, greener, and more equitable? Much of the legitimate concerns and pushback against global trade and globalization has stemmed from a belief that the current trading system is not delivering for everyone, in particular for women, developing countries, and SMEs. In this podcast, moderator Marie Kasperek of the Institute of International Economic Law at Georgetown Law is joined by Cecilia Malmström, Former European Commissioner for Trade (2014 to 2019) and Marion Jansen, Director of the Trade and Agriculture Directorate, OECD. Listen as they discuss how the global trading system can be made more equitable for all citizens. In practice, what does ‘Building Back Better' mean for lower-middle income workers? What does the recently agreed global minimum tax agreement reached by the OECD mean for responsible business practices? How do we ensure a level playing field and distribution of trade gains globally, especially in developing counties? Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.

Is the trade war doomed to continue? Moderator: Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute Panellists: Alicia García Herrero, Senior Fellow, Bruegel Stephanie Segal, Senior Fellow, Center for Strategic & International Studies This podcast episode was recorded on September 21, 2021 The AIG Global Trade Series 2021 examines the ongoing transformation of the world's multilateral trading system. The world's most important trading relationship, that between the United States and China, has entered a new phase. As the geopolitical and economic rivalry between the US and China has intensified, mutual frustration and distrust has grown between the two superpowers. This mistrust has played out clearly in the trade arena through tariffs, bids for self-sufficiency, and the reshoring of global supply chains. Although the mistrust predated COVID19, the pandemic has undoubtedly accelerated an attempt by the two major trading nations to decouple. In this podcast, moderator Rem Korteweg of the Clingendael Institute is joined by Alicia García Herrero, Senior Fellow, Bruegel, and Stephanie Segal, Senior Fellow, Center for Strategic & International Studies. Listen as they discuss the future of US-China trade relations. Is the US-China trade war doomed to continue? Can policymakers in Washington D.C. successfully make a pro-trade argument to a domestic audience? What is the role of the European Union as it watches the two largest trading nations attempt to decouple, and by extension deglobalize? Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.

What are Latin America's aspirations for reform of the global trade system, and what role can it play? Moderator: Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute Panellists: Shannon K. O'Neil, Vice President, Deputy Director of Studies, and Nelson and David Rockefeller Senior Fellow for Latin America Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations Alvaro Santos, Professor of Law and Faculty Director of the Center for the Advancement of the Rule of Law in the Americas, Georgetown Law Steve Liston, Senior Director, Council of the Americas This podcast episode was recorded on September 10, 2021 The AIG Global Trade Series 2021 examines the ongoing transformation of the world's multilateral trading system. What is the role of Latin America in the global trade system? Regional and plurilateral trade agreements are transforming trade across the Americas – from CPTPP to USMCA. In tandem, post-covid supply chain ‘nearshoring' opportunities, and US concerns about national security, could make Latin America a far more attractive investment opportunity for international business. However, LATAM countries increasingly find themselves caught in the midst of a US-China tussle for influence. What will this mean for regional trade and investment? In this podcast, moderator Rem Korteweg of the Clingendael Institute is joined by Shannon K. O'Neil, Vice President, Deputy Director of Studies, and Nelson and David Rockefeller Senior Fellow for Latin America Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations; Alvaro Santos, Professor of Law and Faculty Director of the Center for the Advancement of the Rule of Law in the Americas, Georgetown Law; and Steve Liston, Senior Director, Council of the Americas. Listen as they discuss the trade challenges and opportunities for the Americas in the short, medium, and long term. Will environmental concerns bring down the EU-Mercosur Trade Agreement? What will a changing US industrial policy mean for Latin America? And how can LATAM leaders seek to capitalize on advantages that may come from intensifying competition between China and the US? Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.

Digital services boomed during the pandemic, bringing to the fore questions of global standards, governance, and taxation Moderator: Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute Panellists: Chris Southworth, Secretary General, International Chamber of Commerce, UK Kelly Ann Shaw, Partner, Hogan Lovells Erik van der Marel, Senior Economist, European Centre for International Political Economy This podcast episode was recorded on July 20, 2021 The AIG Global Trade Series 2021 examines the ongoing transformation of the world's multilateral trading system. Digital trade and services have created new trade opportunities and markets. But how do we regulate, tax and set standards for the digital economy? In an environment of increasing geopolitical friction, and under the auspices of national security, is the digital trade arena becoming yet another stage for tensions to play out? In this podcast, moderator Rem Korteweg of the Clingendael Institute is joined by Chris Southworth, Secretary General, International Chamber of Commerce, UK; Kelly Ann Shaw, Partner, Hogan Lovells; and Erik van der Marel, Senior Economist, European Centre for International Political Economy. Listen as they discuss how digital standards and norms are developing across the US, EU and China – three power brokers with differing trade philosophies, values and political systems. What will these competing models mean in practice? There are clear commercial reasons for businesses to seek harmonization. However, the brewing wars in digital censorship and privacy highlight the friction and rift even between likeminded allied blocs. How can digital trade rules be made fit for purpose? And whose rules should apply? Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.

What would an increase in carbon pricing mean for global emissions and macroeconomics? Moderator: Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute Panellists: Christian Bluth, Senior Expert, Bertelsmann Stiftung Emily Lydgate, Senior Lecturer in Environmental Law, University of Sussex This podcast episode was recorded on July 6, 2021 The AIG Global Trade Series 2021 examines the ongoing transformation of the world's multilateral trading system. In the year of COP26, the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference, ambitious climate policies are needed to address the climate crisis. But what does this mean for trade, when frequently globalization and global trade measures are accused of imperiling the climate agenda. In this podcast, moderator Rem Korteweg of the Clingendael Institute is joined by Christian Bluth, Senior Expert, Bertelsmann Stiftung, and Emily Lydgate, Senior Lecturer in Law, University of Sussex. Listen as they discuss the value of the European Union's proposed carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM), and the role of carbon clubs in combatting the climate crisis. Is a CBAM the correct tool to deal with the climate challenge? Can a CBAM work for both developed and developing countries; or is there a trade-off between being ambitious and inclusive? How can China, the world's largest climate emitter, be brought into a carbon club? And what role will the World Trade Organization play in allowing carbon clubs to emerge? Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.

How can new trade barriers in the post-COVID-19 world be avoided? Moderator: Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute Speakers: Mary E. Lovely, Senior Fellow, The Peterson Institute John W.H. Denton AO, Secretary General of the International Chamber of Commerce This podcast episode was recorded on June 14. The AIG Global Trade Series 2021 examines the ongoing transformation of the world's multilateral trading system. During the pandemic, trade nationalism emerged as countries pursued self-interested policies to shield themselves from the impact of the virus – from vaccine rollouts to supply chain reshoring and restricting access to critical medical supplies. In this podcast, moderator Rem Korteweg of the Clingendael Institute is joined by Mary E. Lovely, Senior Fellow, The Peterson Institute, and John W.H. Denton AO, Secretary General of the International Chamber of Commerce. Listen as they discuss how best to ensure a global post-COVID-19 economic recovery which avoids a return to protectionism and is open, fair, and equitable. How can new trade barriers in the post-COVID-19 world be avoided and can trade even be part of the answer to future pandemic preparedness? Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.

Will the future of globalization be decided by events in the Indo-Pacific? Moderator: Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute Speakers: Vasuki Shastry, Associate Fellow, Asia Pacific Programme, Chatham House Deborah Elms, Founder and Executive Director of the Asian Trade Centre Tetsuya Watanabe, Vice President, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry,RIETI This podcast episode was recorded on May 20, 2021 The AIG Global Trade Series 2021 examines the ongoing transformation of the world's multilateral trading system. RCEP and CPTPP will redefine trade integration across Asia. Although the pandemic has exposed the strength of protectionist reflexes around the globe, these two major multilateral free trade agreements act as a powerful counterargument to suggestions of a deglobalized ‘new normal'. In this podcast, moderator Rem Korteweg of the Clingendael Institute is joined by Deborah Elms, Founder and Executive Director of the Asian Trade Centre; Vasuki Shastry, Associate Fellow, Asia Pacific Programme, Chatham House; and Tetsuya Watanabe, Vice President, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI). Listen as they discuss whether RCEP and CPTPP compete, complement or overlap. In addition to RCEP and CPTPP, China's Belt & Road Initiative is transforming trade flows in the region and beyond. With India opting out of RCEP, what does that mean in the regional power struggle between India and China? And as the US figures out how to deal with a rising China in the coming decade, will pulling out of TPP prove to be both a missed economic as well as geostrategic opportunity? Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.

What are the prospects for reform of the WTO; and how best to ensure that reform is supported by all? Moderator: Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute Speakers: Ignacio Garcia Bercero, Director, Directorate General for Trade of the European Commission Jennifer Hillman, Professor from Practice, Georgetown Law, Institute of International Economic Law; Former Member, WTO Appellate Body Tetsuya Watanabe, Vice President, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI) This podcast episode was recorded on 13th April 2021. The AIG Global Trade Series 2021 examines the ongoing transformation of the world's multilateral trading system. All eyes are on the WTO's new leadership to jump-start trade multilateralism. But can global trade rules be updated? And if so, which rules should be fixed first? In this podcast, moderator Rem Korteweg of the Clingendael Institute is joined by Ignacio Garcia Bercero, Director, Directorate General for Trade of the European Commission; Jennifer Hillman, Professor from Practice, Georgetown Law, Institute of International Economic Law; Former Member, WTO Appellate Body; and Tetsuya Watanabe, Vice President, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI). Listen as they discuss the prospects for reform at the WTO, which is now a top global political priority. The pandemic has unlevelled the global playing field due to widespread use of subsidies and state intervention. Can the WTO play a role to address these imbalances, and make rules fit for purpose to respond to modern challenges? How should the WTO ensure that a reform package will be supported by all members to prevent a collapse of the rules-based trading system? Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use

Navigating the new direction of EU trade policy Moderator: Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, the Clingendael Institute Speakers: Elvire Fabry, Senior Research Fellow, Trade Policy and Brexit, Jacques Delors Institute Marianne Schneider Petsinger, Senior Research Fellow, US and the Americas Programme, Chatham House This podcast episode was recorded on 31st March 2021. The AIG Global Trade Series 2021 examines the ongoing transformation of the world's multilateral trading system. The theme of the EU's new trade policy is ‘open strategic autonomy'. What does this mean in reality? The policy aims to reinforce the EU's position as a global champion of open, rules-based trade that is fair and sustainable, while simultaneously developing new tools to defend its own interests. But how coherent is this approach and how viable? In this podcast, moderator Rem Korteweg of the Clingendael Institute is joined by Elvire Fabry, Senior Research Fellow, Trade Policy and Brexit, Jacques Delors Institute; and Marianne Schneider Petsinger, Senior Research Fellow, US and the Americas Programme, Chatham House. Listen as they discuss the EU's evolving trade policy. Can the new approach satisfy domestic concerns about globalization without jeopardising the EU's trade partnerships? How will ‘open strategic autonomy' reshape the EU's trade relations with the US, China and others? Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.

Navigating the deglobalized “new normal” post COVID-19. Moderator: Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute Panellists: James Crabtree, Associate Fellow, Asia-Pacific Programme, Chatham House; Associate Professor in Practice, Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore Alicia García-Herrero, Senior Fellow, Bruegel This podcast episode was recorded on 13 October 2020 The AIG Global Trade Series 2020 examines the ongoing transformation of the world's multilateral trading system. Since the financial crisis of 2008 there have been many confident predictions that we are seeing the “End of Globalization”. A process of growing economic interconnectedness which had raised millions from poverty worldwide seemed to many to be stalling, even going into reverse, as protectionism grew in many countries and the US and China began to de-couple their economies. The pandemic has only accelerated this shift by triggering a backlash against long, vulnerable supply chains. It has also exposed the weakness of multilateral institutions and so raised the spectre of a deglobalized world of trading blocs and barriers. In this podcast, moderator Rem Korteweg of the Clingendael Institute is joined by James Crabtree, Associate Fellow, Asia-Pacific Programme, Chatham House; Associate Professor in Practice, Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore; and Alicia García-Herrero, Senior Fellow, Bruegel. Listen as they discuss the political forces driving deglobalization, including technological innovation as well as geopolitics, and what a less connected “new normal” might look like. Was the pre-pandemic model of hyper-globalization effective and sustainable? Who will be the economic winners and losers in a deglobalized world? To what extent can multilateral organizations be renewed and countries spared the necessity to choose sides in a zero-sum G-2 decoupling? __________ The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.

The impact of protectionism on the global trade landscape. Moderator: Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute Panellists: Chris Southworth, Secretary General, International Chamber of Commerce UK Emmanuelle Butaud-Stubbs, Secretary General, International Chamber of Commerce France Christian Bluth, Megatrends Project Manager, Bertelsmann Stiftung This podcast episode was recorded on Sept 1 2020 Even before the pandemic struck, a rising tide of protectionism was eroding the global trading system. Responding to the growing scepticism of voters about the benefits of open trade, policy makers in both developed and developing economies were increasingly turning to the protectionist tool-kit – to tit-for-tat tariffs, restrictive measures, and subsidies. The economic devastation caused by Covid-19 has only strengthened the protectionist impulse globally. In the immediate crisis countries acted swiftly and unilaterally to implement more restrictive and discriminatory trade measures, particularly in the health sector. Now the focus has shifted to rebuilding national economies, generating jobs, preserving public services, and securing living standards. As governments worldwide confront these challenges, opinion surveys in multiple countries show support for protectionism and a belief that the solution lies in “taking back control”. In this podcast, moderated by Rem Korteweg of the Clingendael Institute, Christian Bluth of the Bertelsmann Stiftung, Emmanuelle Butaud-Stubbs and Chris Southworth from the International Chamber of Commerce discuss the impact of protectionism on the global trade landscape. Can the protectionist tide be checked? What more can business do to strengthen the political case for bringing down trade barriers as a route to growth? And how can trade be made more inclusive and sustainable, so that the benefits of open markets are both recognised and more widely shared? __________ The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.

What can we expect for the digital economy after COVID-19? Moderator: Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute Panellists: Marietje Schaake, International Policy Director at the Cyber Policy Center, Stanford University's Cyber Policy Center Alan Beattie, Associate Fellow, Global Economy and Finance Programme and Europe Programme, Chatham House; and Senior Trade Writer, Financial Times This podcast episode was recorded on 31 August 2020 The AIG Global Trade Series 2020 examines the ongoing challenges, opportunities and transformations that are reshaping the world's multilateral trading system. Digital trade and technologies are redefining how and where products are made, shipped and consumed. Digitisation in trade and services was transformative to economies before COVID-19; however, the pandemic has rapidly accelerated this disruption. In this podcast moderator Rem Korteweg of the Clingendael Institute is joined by Marietje Schaake, International Policy Director at the Cyber Policy Center, Stanford University's Cyber Policy Center; and Alan Beattie, Associate Fellow, Global Economy and Finance Programme and Europe Programme, Chatham House; and Senior Trade Writer, Financial Times. Listen as they discuss the technological changes and regulations reshaping the landscape of global trade. In the digital realm, where does value get created and redistributed? With countries considering measures to tax the digital economy, is the digital arena becoming yet another stage on which geopolitical tensions will play out? Or, is there the potential for an alliance of like-minded democracies to come together on issues relating to the digital economy? __________ The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.

The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) agreement is a major step for Africa's role in international trade Moderator: Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute Panellists: Katrin Kuhlmann, Visiting Professor of Law, Georgetown Law; President and Founder, New Markets Lab Wamkele Mene, Secretary General of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Secretariat This podcast episode was recorded on 7 October 2020 The AIG Global Trade Series 2020 examines the ongoing transformation of the world's multilateral trading system. The global trade system is at a critical inflection point, under pressure from economic nationalism and protectionism across much of the world. Yet, in Africa, trade integration is moving forward, and fast. At a time when the system is under increasing pressure, the African Continental Free Trade Area agreement has been hailed as much needed commitment to the international rules-based order. In this podcast, moderator Rem Korteweg of the Clingendael Institute is joined by Katrin Kuhlmann, Visiting Professor of Law, Georgetown Law; President and Founder, New Markets Lab and Wamkele Mene, Secretary General of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Secretariat. Listen as they discuss the outlook for regional trade integration in Africa, and what impact the COVID-19 pandemic is having on African economies. Can the AfCFTA live up to expectations, integrating markets and overcoming fragmentation, to deliver inclusive and sustainable growth across the continent? With Sub-Saharan Africa entering a recession for the first time in 25 years, how can global and regional trade be part of the post-pandemic recovery? And with firm leadership being shown from African leaders in the trade-sphere, should we expect a more active role for the continent at the World Trade Organization and on the global trade stage? __________ The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.

Reconciling global trade and sustainability Moderator: Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute Panellists: Geneviève Pons, Director General of the Brussels office, Jacque Delors Institute Pascal Lamy, President Emeritus, Jacques Delors Institute This podcast episode was recorded on July 16 2020 The AIG Global Trade Series 2020 examines the ongoing challenges, opportunities and transformations that are reshaping the world's multilateral trading system. As politicians and business leaders focus on restoring the world economy after the sudden disruption caused by COVID-19, it seems that the concerns with climate change have taken a back seat. And yet, in the EU, there is real leadership being seen when it comes to using the green agenda to drive economic recovery. In this podcast, moderator Rem Korteweg of the Clingendael Institute is joined by Geneviève Pons, director general of the Brussels office of the Jacque Delors Institute and honorary Director of the European Commission; and Pascal Lamy, president emeritus of the Jacque Delors Institute and the former director general of the World Trade Organization and former EU trade commissioner. Listen as they discuss the link between the future of the global trade system, the effort to address climate change, and how COVID-19 has impacted it all. Can job creation, investment, redevelopment, fossil fuel transition and waste management be aligned with green agenda targets? Can trade liberalization be promoted while also preserving climate conditionalities and carbon border adjustments? Or, are the worlds of global trade and sustainability simply too far apart to ever reconcile? The Delors Institute published a report ‘Greener After' which focuses on the green recovery stimulus for Europe post COVID-19. Many of the topics covered in this podcast are developed in the report. The Greener After report can be found here - https://institutdelors.eu/publications/greener-after/. __________ The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.

Where next for transatlantic trade? Moderator: Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute Panellists: Marie Kasperek, Director, Institute of International Economic Law, Georgetown Law; Non Resident Senior Fellow, Atlantic Council Marianne Schneider-Petsinger, Senior Research Fellow, US and the Americas Programme, Chatham House Andreas Esche, Director, Bertelsmann Stiftung This podcast episode was recorded on Aug 17 2020 The AIG Global Trade Series 2020 analyses the ongoing transformation of the world's multilateral trading system. The European Union and the United States are each other's most important trading partner, with overall trade in goods and services between the two worth over $1.3trillion annually. However, the transatlantic trade relationship is currently strained; with tit for tat punitive tariffs overshadowing the possibility of an EU-US free trade agreement. In this podcast, moderator Rem Korteweg of the Clingendael Institute is joined by Marie Kasperek, Director, Institute of International Economic Law, Georgetown Law; Non Resident Senior Fellow, Atlantic Council; Marianne Schneider-Petsinger, Senior Research Fellow, US and the Americas Programme, Chatham House; and Andreas Esche, Director, Bertelsmann Stiftung. Listen as they discuss the transatlantic trade relationship and whether the pandemic has made a trade collision between the EU and US more or less likely. How might the US Election in November shape trade relations between the world's largest trading partners, and multilateralism more broadly? Is there a possibility of reaching a trade détente and even revisiting TTIP? Or will the threat of escalating tariffs continue down a path to further confrontation? __________ The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.

What must be done to stop trade becoming a weapon in a 3-way geopolitical stand-off? Moderator: Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute Panellists: Yu Jie, Senior Research Fellow on China, Chatham House Scott Kennedy, Senior Adviser and Trustee Chair in Chinese Business and Economics, Center for Strategic and International Studies Frans-Paul van der Putten, Senior Research Fellow, the Clingendael China Centre This podcast episode was recorded on July 28 2020 The AIG Global Trade Series 2020 examines the forces reshaping the world's multilateral trading system. As the geopolitical and economic rivalry between the US and China intensifies, what will ‘decoupling' mean in practice for the world's two superpowers? As the stand-off continues, is the European Union destined to be a bystander, or can the European Commission seize a leadership role in protecting multilateralism and promoting global free trade? In this podcast, moderator Rem Korteweg of the Clingendael Institute is joined by Yu Jie, Senior Research Fellow on China, Chatham House; Scott Kennedy, Senior Adviser and Trustee Chair in Chinese Business and Economics, Center for Strategic and International Studies; and Frans-Paul van der Putten, Senior Research Fellow, the Clingendael China Centre. Listen as they discuss the mutual frustration and mistrust growing between Washington DC, Brussels and Beijing as trade, technology and security increasingly fuse into a toxic, zero-sum mix. What must be done to stop trade becoming a weapon in a 3-way geopolitical stand-off between the US, China and the EU? What scope is there for defusing the clash over trade matters when it also involves security, influence and values? __________ The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.

Can the WTO and G20 do anything about it? Moderator: Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute Panellists: Jennifer Hillman of the Council on Foreign Relations and Georgetown Law Center Rufus Yerxa, former Deputy U.S. Trade Representative and current President of the National Foreign Trade Council This podcast episode was recorded on June 16 2020. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to place the world economy under great strain, supply chains fragility, resurgent protectionism and continued U.S.-China trade war all cast a gloomy shadow over the future of multilateral trade…and whether the World Trade Organization or the G20 can do anything about it. In this podcast, moderator Rem Korteweg of the Clingendael Institute is joined by Professor Jennifer Hillman of the Council on Foreign Relations and Georgetown Law Center, and Ambassador Rufus Yerxa, former Deputy U.S. Trade Representative and current President of the National Foreign Trade Council. Listen as our panel discusses how the international trading system is coping with the COVID-19 pandemic, the structural problems facing institutions such as the World Trade Organization, and what role the United States might play in this going forward. Can the multilateral trade system point to a way forward for global economic recovery once the pandemic is over? Will the stress that COVID-19 placed upon global medical supply chains spotlight the opportunity to promote world health as a factor of global commerce? And perhaps most importantly, can the U.S.-China trade war be put back into a multilateral context? __________ The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.

Europe's response to Covid-19 and the pandemic's impact on the EU trade agenda. Moderator: Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute Panellists: Elvire Fabry, Senior Research Fellow, Jacques Delors Institute Ignacio Garcia Bercero, Director, Directorate General for Trade of the European Commission; European Union Visiting Fellow, Oxford University This podcast episode was recorded on June 9 2020. Even before the pandemic struck, the rules-based system was threatened by rising nationalism and creeping trade protectionism. Now COVID-19 has prompted a global recession and a slump in trade as global value chains adjust. All this is happening with the World Trade Organisation in crisis and international coordination bedevilled by US-China competition. In this podcast, moderator Rem Korteweg of the Clingendael Institute is joined by Elvire Fabry of the Jacques Delors Institute and Ignacio Garcia-Bercero of the European Commission and Oxford University. Listen as they discuss Europe's response to the multi-faceted COVID-19 crisis and its impact on the European Union's trade agenda. With the US and China at loggerheads, will the EU step up to champion the multilateral order? Or will economic and political pressures lead to a more protectionist approach from Brussels? And will the trade agenda that emerges from this crisis prove compatible with the EU's ambitious sustainability goals? __________ The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.

Where does Brexit leave the UK-US Trade Deal? Moderator: Rem Korteweg, Senior Research Fellow, Clingendael Institute Panellists: Marjorie Chorlins, Senior Vice President for European Affairs, U.S. Chamber of Commerce David Henig, Director of the UK Trade Policy Project, European Centre for International Political Economy This podcast episode was recorded on June 25 2020. The AIG Global Trade Series 2020 examines the ongoing transformation of the world's multilateral trading system. We enter the second half of the year with the UK facing the very real prospect of exiting the European Union without a trade deal. As the talks with Brussels approach a conclusion which will have long-term consequences for the British economy, the UK government is looking to secure growth by enhancing its trade relations with the United States. In Washington meanwhile, future trade with both the UK and the EU is being seen through the prism of geopolitical self-interest and a Presidential election campaign. In this podcast, moderator Rem Korteweg of the Clingendael Institute is joined by Marjorie Chorlins, Senior Vice President for European Affairs at the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and the Executive Director of the U.S.-UK Business Council, and by David Henig, Director of the UK Trade Policy Project, European Centre for International Political Economy. Listen as they discuss the future of an independent UK trade policy in an era of Covid-19 and US-China confrontation. What does the UK hope to achieve by negotiating simultaneously with its two largest trading partners—the United States and the European Union? How is this viewed from the United States, which must evaluate the benefits of having the UK outside of the EU as a potential free trading partner? Is there really enough time left in 2020 to create a series of workable trade deals out of the vast amount of details yet to be settled? Or will the UK's political need to craft a deal of any kind override any obstacles in its way? __________ The views and opinions expressed in this podcast series are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of American International Group, Inc. or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“AIG”). Any content provided by our speakers are of their opinion and are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual or anyone or anything. AIG makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, or validity of any information provided during this podcast series and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses injuries, or damages arising from its use.