Podcasts about global head

Why do so many high achievers burn out? Most of us think recovery is what happens after the work is done. We push through the week, take care of everyone else, and tell ourselves we'll slow down later. But according to Dr. Kristen Holmes, Global Head of Human Performance at WHOOP, recovery isn't separate from high performance. It's an essential part of it. In this conversation, I sit down with Kristen to unpack the science behind sustainable high performance and why recovery plays a much bigger role than most of us realize. We talk about why sleep consistency matters more than sleep duration, the habits that have the biggest impact on our energy, and how to stop running on empty. By the end of this conversation, you'll have a new way of thinking about recovery and practical strategies to put into practice right away. Pre-order Kristen's new book, Aligned.  More from Molly: Get Molly's latest book, Dynamic Drive Website: mollyfletcher.com

On this episode of CoinDesk's Public Keys from the New York Stock Exchange, Jennifer Sanasie is joined by Ben Emons, Founder and Chief Investment Officer of FedWatch Advisors, to break down the market fallout from Moonshot AI's Kimi K3 and why the Fed is now actively debating rate hikes rather than cuts ahead of the August 7th CLARITY Act deadline. Nadine Chakar, Managing Director and Global Head of Digital Assets at DTCC, explains how the firm moved tokenized securities into live production and outlines DTCC's role as an institutional multi-chain orchestrator ahead of a full commercial launch. The conversation turns to ETF flows, where Bitcoin funds finished last week with $76 million in net inflows despite a $425 million outflow on Monday alone, and Ethereum ETFs outpaced Bitcoin inflows led by $135 million into BlackRock's ETHA. Finally, Bilal Little, Global ETF Strategist at Direxion, unpacks the debut of BTCU and EVMU — the industry's first 2x leveraged spot Bitcoin and Ether ETFs — explains why an ETF wrapper beats margin on a crypto exchange for retail traders, and responds to Bloomberg ETF analyst Eric Balchunas's thesis that Bitcoin ETFs will mirror gold's 22-year "triumph and pain" trajectory. The episode closes with the Fear and Greed Index at 29. - Learn more at https://www.bullish.com/. - Register now for CoinDesk's Policy and Regulation event on September 22, 2026: https://policy-regulation.coindesk.com/. - To get market moving news delivered daily, download CoinDesk's mobile app: https://linktr.ee/coindeskapp. - Timecodes: 00:00 Welcome to Public Keys 00:22 Ben Emons (FedWatch Advisors) Joins Public Keys 00:48 China's Kimi K3 Rattles Chip Stocks Friday 01:42 Bitcoin Holds $64K, While AI Sells Off 02:59 Crypto Miners Pivot to AI: HUT8 Up 14% 03:58 Kimi K3 vs. DeepSeek: This Time It's a Price War 05:03 AI Selloff Tightens Financial Conditions, Helps Fed 06:32 Fed Now Debating Rate Hikes, Not Cuts 06:58 CLARITY Act Deadline: August 7th 09:15 DTCC Takes Tokenized Securities Into Live Production 09:36 Nadine Chakar on the 10-Year Journey to Live Tokenization 13:45 DTCC's Multi-Chain Roadmap 15:26 DTCC's Digital Twin Framework 18:14 Bitcoin ETF Flows: $76M Week Masks $425M Monday Outflow 18:49 Ether ETFs Outpace Bitcoin; Robinhood Chain Hits $800M+ Daily Volume 19:35 Bilal Little (Direxion) on the First 2x Spot Crypto ETF Debut 22:42 How BTCU and EVMU Work — and Why Not Just Use Margin? 25:50 Do Bitcoin ETFs Mirror Gold? 27:38 Fear and Greed Index at 29

Text us your thoughts on the episode or the show!AI is becoming part of every Marketing Ops workflow. But what if the most valuable skills in the future aren't technical at all?In this episode of Ops Cast, Michael Hartmann sits down with Debby Mayen, Global Head of Marketing Operations and Analytics at Logitech, for a thoughtful conversation about balancing technology with humanity in the age of AI.Debby has spent her career leading global marketing operations teams through major shifts in technology, but her approach stands out because she intentionally creates space away from screens. Through reading physical books, exercising, creative pursuits, and meaningful human connection, she believes the best leaders strengthen the skills that AI cannot replace.Together, Michael and Debby explore how AI can expand human potential without replacing critical thinking, why creativity and communication are becoming even more valuable, and what today's Marketing Ops professionals should focus on to stay relevant in an AI-enabled workplace.Topics covered include: Why balance is essential in an AI-driven world  Using AI to challenge your thinking instead of replacing it  How AI amplifies both strengths and weaknesses  Why creativity, communication, and human connection are becoming competitive advantages  What hiring managers are seeing as AI becomes mainstream  Helping teams embrace AI without creating fear  Practical advice for early-career Marketing Ops professionals  Why stepping away from technology can make you a better leader Whether you're leading a team, building your career, or simply trying to use AI more intentionally, this episode offers a practical perspective on staying human while embracing the future.Be sure to subscribe, rate, and review Ops Cast, and join the conversation at MarketingOps.com.Episode Brought to You By MO Pros The #1 Community for Marketing Operations ProfessionalsSupport the show

AI is making it easier than ever to start a business. Side hustles are turning into startups, and more first-time founders are launching companies without a technical background. But while AI is lowering barriers to entry, going from a great idea to a real company comes with challenges, questions about security, scaling, and managing costs often arise as companies grow.Here to share with us how founders are navigating all of this is Deap Ubhi, Global Head of Technology for Startups at Amazon Web Services. https://aws.amazon.com/startups/  Moments with Marianne Radio Show airs in the Southern California area on KMET1490AM & 98.1 FM, an ABC Talk News Radio Affiliate!  https://www.kmet1490am.com Discover inspiring conversations with today's leading authors, celebrities, thought leaders, and change makers. To learn more about the Moments with Marianne Radio Show, explore guest interview opportunities, connect with Marianne, and follow her on social media, visit https://www.mariannepestana.com Explore the Moments with Marianne Book Club and find your next great read: https://www.mariannepestana.com/book-club/ Listen to the Moments with Marianne Radio Show on KMET 1490AM & 98.1FM, an ABC News Radio Affiliate, weekdays at 8:06 AM PT / 11:06 AM ET and Sundays at 10:06 AM PT / 1:06 PM ET. Learn more at: https://www.kmet1490am.com/moments-with-marianne 

Our analysts Andrew Sheets and Mark Schmidt unpack why U.S. healthcare feels so expensive and the potential impacts of rising hospital costs.Read more insights from Morgan Stanley.----- Transcript -----Andrew Sheets: Welcome to Thoughts on the Market. I'm Andrew Sheets, Global Head of Fixed Income Research at Morgan Stanley. Mark Schmidt: And I'm Mark Schmidt, Head of Municipal Strategy at Morgan Stanley. Andrew Sheets: And today on the program, a discussion into one of the biggest mysteries in one of the biggest sectors of the economy. We're talking about healthcare costs. It's Friday, July 17th at 2pm in London. Mark Schmidt: At 9am in New York. Andrew Sheets: So, we're talking today about healthcare, which represents roughly a fifth of the U.S. economy, the bulk of job creation over the last several years, and in my view, honestly, one of the biggest inflation paradoxes that we see in the market. On the one hand, the high cost of healthcare is taken as a given, and it's something that many Americans still struggle with financially. But if you look at the official inflation data in the U.S., healthcare costs have been lower than normal, and that's been true now for a number of years. So, what's going on? How do we tie this together? And Mark, you just wrote a report that tries to do exactly that. So, what did you hope to accomplish with this report? Mark Schmidt: You're absolutely right. It's hard to underline enough just how large healthcare is to the U.S. economy overall. Americans spend nearly $6 trillion on healthcare. That's more than the GDP of the entire country of Germany. And if we think about prices, Americans pay more. A knee replacement, for example, costs $25,000 in the United States. That same procedure costs just $6,000 in France. Common heart treatments that would cost $3,000 in Germany or $10,000 in Australia cost $34,000 in the U.S. It also matters for everyone's local community. Healthcare jobs have been growing twice as fast as the rate of job growth in the economy overall. And those are good jobs. They pay above average wages. For many Americans these days, the most secure path to the middle class is a career in healthcare. Now, this may seem a little bit arcane, but it probably hits close to your portfolio as well. Earlier in the year, when we took a look at how equity separately managed accounts invest, they typically have a core overweight to healthcare. And even though American prices may seem like an American issue, many of the largest and most profitable healthcare companies in the world are actually headquartered in Europe. So, whether you're sitting in New York or sitting in London, the price of American healthcare probably matters to you. But as you noted, Andrew, it does feel like a paradox because although Americans cite healthcare costs as one of their top concerns, and although healthcare spending is growing at 6 percent a year or more, the official inflation data says that healthcare prices are in check. And at one point earlier in the year, healthcare inflation, according to official data, even dipped below 3 percent. It just didn't make a lot of sense, and that's why we got together with our colleagues across equities, fixed income research, public policy, and economics to dig into what was actually going on. Andrew Sheets: So, Mark, let's dig right into that. I mean, it seems like a perfect encapsulation of the so-called Main Street versus Wall Street perception of the economy. So, what's going on? How does one kind of square those two numbers? Mark Schmidt: The easiest way to understand it is that you can't walk through a grocery store and figure out the price of a knee replacement. And that's true both for you and me. It's also true for the government. They have to survey hospitals and health insurance companies. The trouble is that the prices that health insurance companies pay hospitals, well, those are trade secrets. So, at any given point in time, even for the best government economists, it's not entirely clear what the price trends are. And that's why when you look at the official data, healthcare inflation typically has relatively lumpy jumps in the series. You could see several months of 0.1 or 0.2 percent official growth in healthcare inflation. Or as earlier this week, you could see certain categories jump to 0.4 or even 0.8. Andrew Sheets: Another element, Mark, that you talked about in the report is that people are also consuming more healthcare. So, talk a little bit about that. How that factors into this dynamic, and again, is that just going to be the new normal as the population ages and we tend to spend more on healthcare as we get older? Mark Schmidt: That's right. The good news is that we're living longer lives. The bad news is that means that we have more chronic healthcare conditions to deal with. The good news is that more procedures can be done in outpatient settings, and those, generally speaking, are cheaper. The bad news is that inpatient care, inpatient prices go up as the complexity of procedures that actually happen in a hospital setting increase significantly. When you balance it all out, it's a situation where, thankfully, the United States and most Americans have the means and the wealth to pay more for healthcare. The flip side of that is that they are paying more for healthcare, and that's why we think that the recent softness in healthcare inflation is actually too good to be true. Andrew Sheets: Something that jumped out at me from this report, Mark, was just how important hospitals are in this equation. And the experience of the patient and the experience of the hospital can be different economically. And that difference can also matter for how this shows up in official inflation and government statistics.So, you know, it would be helpful maybe just to walk the listener through. If I go into the hospital and I need knee surgery. You know, how does that look like from my perspective in terms of paying for it, assuming I have health insurance through my employer? How could that look like to the hospital? And how could that look like coming out the other end into the official government statistics? Mark Schmidt: Well, of course, Andrew, the first thing that you do when you break your leg is you call six hospitals and shop around for the cheapest price, right? Andrew Sheets: [Laughs] Of course. Mark Schmidt: So that's actually the problem because when you get care, you're not in a place to ask about the price. And frankly, even if you asked your doctor or nurse what the price is, they probably wouldn't know. Not only is it not their job to know the price, but all of those negotiations happen after the fact – with the prices that the insurance companies negotiate with the hospitals. After COVID, hospitals had a lot more costs to spread out among the people who were coming in the door, and so they raised prices across the board, not just for procedures that were related to respiratory illness. Naturally, insurance companies noticed that, and they started to push back. So long after you get a cast for your broken leg – and by the way, I wish you a speedy recovery – insurance companies end up going back and forth negotiating with your doctors for exactly how much they should pay you. And although these prices were loosely set well before you walked in the door, the exact way it gets billed and coded? Well, let's just say there's a lot of back and forth. For a well-run hospital, the cost of talking to and ultimately getting reimbursement from your insurance company, that alone could be 2 to 4 percent of revenue. And in especially complex cases, that whole negotiation can eat up 5 to 7 percent of the total bill. You're also right to flag that hospitals really are still the central point of the U.S. healthcare system. Americans spend $2 trillion in a hospital setting. And hospitals overwhelmingly coordinate care for both primary, specialty, and pharmacy services. Andrew Sheets: Mark, another issue I wanted to ask you about was the Affordable Care Act, Medicare, Medicaid, and how those programs fit into the story? Mark Schmidt: The One Big Beautiful Bill Act included a variety of measures to slow the overall growth rate of healthcare. Now, for all the reasons we just discussed, that's probably warranted. The Affordable Care Act is another wrinkle. Enhanced subsidies, which were already set to expire – did in fact expire at the end of last year. And as a result, more Americans are now uninsured. It remains to be seen how that impacts overall costs. In the United States, when you have a health emergency, a hospital is legally obligated to treat you because of a 1990s law called EMTALA. Even if you can't pay, the system eventually does. Historically, uncompensated care costs have been passed on to individuals and companies with insurance. For now, however, it remains to be seen whether these changes in law and in the overall number of people with insurance will cause healthcare prices to rise or fall. Andrew Sheets: And Mark, just for the broad-based implications of this, right? It's fair to say that in any health insurance system, there are some people who consume a lot more healthcare. They're unhealthy or they're unlucky. And there are some who consume a lot less. And, you know, this is something where that overall coverage question matters. Because if you have things that reduce the number of otherwise healthy people who are in those healthcare pools, it can raise the cost for everybody else. Those people who were in some ways subsidizing the higher consumers of healthcare are no longer there. Is that a fair way to frame it, do you think? And are there potential changes given some of these legislative actions that could lead to changes of what the pool looks like – and what overall costs could look like? Mark Schmidt: That's a great point. And healthcare is probably the only part of our economy where you would say, "Thank goodness I did not get my money's worth." As we think about it… Andrew Sheets: [Laughs] Very true. Very true. Mark Schmidt: As we think about it, most young and healthy people are going to be paying more for their health insurance than they receive in healthcare. Again, that's a good thing. Because American healthcare prices are so much higher than anywhere else in the world, paying in more than you get back? Well, that hits the wallet harder in America than it does in other countries. And that's why for many people – choice – choosing how much health insurance to have and how much to pay for it, really is central to keeping the American economy dynamic. The flip side, however, is that as Americans get older, more people have Medicare. Now, Medicare is pretty good if you have it. But the catch is that Medicare prices, according to most independent estimates, do not fully reimburse for the cost of care. So, as more seniors take up more beds in a hospital, that means that commercial prices, the prices for people who have private insurance through their employer, are likely to rise even faster. Andrew Sheets: So, Mark, I think a good place to close it out and kind of bring this all together is a really important conclusion of this report – is that hospitals have been absorbing a number of these rising costs of healthcare through lower margins for the hospital. And that has resulted in lower ultimate inflation because the inflation is measured out the other side, out ultimately what the hospital earns. And if you could just maybe talk a little bit more about that. To what extent have those margins been compressed? And what that might mean for things going forward? Mark Schmidt: That's right. We dug into the finances for hundreds of not-for-profit hospitals in the United States. They are facing higher costs and shrinking margins. Historically, hospitals have partially passed on expense increases of this magnitude. Now, in their conversations with insurance companies, the biggest benchmark setting of prices happens once every two to three years. So, we're not going to see hospital prices show up in the inflation data overnight. But when we look at hospitals across the country, their budget information and their guidance is consistent with firming prices. Andrew Sheets: Great. Thank you so much, Mark. I've really enjoyed the conversation. Mark Schmidt: Thanks for having me, Andrew. Andrew Sheets: And thank you for listening. If you enjoy Thoughts on the Market, please share it with a friend or colleague today. And rate and review us on wherever you listen. It helps more people find the show.

What if walking away from the CEO seat was the smartest career move you could make in AI right now?Cameron Herold sits down with Alex Triplett, COO of you.com, the company quietly powering web search for AI agents behind brands like Salesforce, Anthropic, and Harvey. Alex turned down the chance to be a CEO to take the second-in-command seat at a fast-moving AI startup, and he explains exactly why.They get into the operator work most leaders avoid: walking into a 135-person company, making a brutal focus call, and rebuilding the team around a single mission. Alex breaks down his first 90 days, the listening tour that validated his biggest decision, how he sells to enterprise without getting strung along, and the system that keeps him out of the minutiae.Skip this one, and you risk what most new executives do: the right idea at the wrong time, and broken trust. Listen now for the unfiltered COO playbook on focus and timing.Sponsored byGenius Network - An exclusive community for highly successful entrepreneurs, connecting you with top-tier leaders, strategic insights, and powerful relationships to help you grow your business faster and smarter.Learn more: https://www.geniusnetwork.com/Timestamped Highlights10:16 – “Google for AI agents,” explained: the invisible layer your favorite LLM cannot work without13:18 – You might be using you.com right now without knowing it. Here is where it hides in the AI stack15:08 – How to tell a real enterprise deal from a buyer who is just keeping you busy19:56 – The COO superpower hiding in plain sight, and why it gets you a seat at the C-suite table23:08 – Chief of staff or glorified executive assistant? The title too many companies get wrong25:24 – Three companies, one founder: how Richard runs you.com while raising $650M for a frontier lab33:34 – 135 people on day one: the focus call that cut the team to 110, then built it back stronger38:01 – One mission, one North Star, and the moment focus “just exploded” the company39:23 – The first 90 days that make or break a COO: the listening tour that validated everything47:23 – Why this COO leaves messages unread on purpose, and what it taught him about good decisions50:09 – The one-sentence piece of advice he would give his 22-year-old selfAbout the GuestAlex Triplett is the Chief Operating Officer of you.com, the leading web search API for AI agents, serving customers like Salesforce, Anthropic, and Harvey. An investor turned operator, Alex spent the first decade of his career in private equity before moving to the operating side. He served as Global Head of Corporate Development at ION Group, where he helped grow the business from $150 million to $3 billion in revenue, and later as CFO and COO of Appfire. He also chairs the board of the travel app Pangea and holds a degree from the McIntire School of Commerce at the University of Virginia.

Credit markets are stepping in to fund the surging demand for AI. Our experts Lindsay Tyler and Anish Shah explore the opportunities and risks behind this record financing wave.Read more insights from Morgan Stanley.----- Transcript -----Lindsay Tyler: Welcome to Thoughts on the Market. I'm Lindsay Tyler, TMT Credit Research Analyst at Morgan Stanley. Anish Shah: And I'm Anish Shah, Global Head of Debt Capital Markets at Morgan Stanley. Lindsay Tyler: Today, how issuers and investors are approaching the rapidly evolving world of AI financing. It's Thursday, July 16th at 10am in New York. As AI demand accelerates, credit markets are being asked to finance infrastructure on a scale that used to be associated with utilities, telecom, or energy. That raises a central question for issuers and investors: How much debt can the AI ecosystem absorb? And at what price? Anish, can you walk our listeners through the key products in your purview? Anish Shah: Certainly, in my nearly twenty years at Morgan Stanley, this is probably the most incredible time period I've ever seen in the credit markets. I've had the privilege of working across a number of different roles in capital markets and lending. And a couple of years ago, we integrated the debt underwriting business across both investment-grade and leverage finance franchises in recognition of how interconnected the whole credit ecosystem has become. In addition to our core activities helping clients raise capital for their strategic priorities, two of the big focus areas that we've had have been finding ways to harness the power of the private credit universe and also delivering best-in-class capabilities in funding this incredible growth in AI spend. Lindsay Tyler: AI financing has certainly been a theme we've also been focused on in research. Our equity research colleagues project that a handful of key players could add more than 30 gigawatts of capacity over a two-year timeframe, driving around [$]2 trillion of aggregate cash CapEx in that period. And to put that into context, a single gigawatt of data center capacity can require roughly $12 billion for the shell, and then often more than double that for chips and racks. So, from your vantage point, what inning are we in? And what gives you confidence that credit markets can continue funding this opportunity at scale? Anish Shah: I mean, Lindsay, the numbers certainly are staggering, as you note. And if you just observe the CapEx estimates for the hyperscalers and broadly for AI infrastructure, we're certainly in the early innings. Lindsay Tyler: Mm-hmm. Anish Shah: The largest tech companies have historically, as you know, raised very little debt. In fact, many of these companies have not even needed a credit facility. As CapEx projections were materially increased in the second half of last year, we saw the beginning of scaled capital raises. Hyperscaler issuance has quickly gone from less than one percent of the investment-grade market to more than 10 percent of the market. You know, as I look ahead, based on what we're seeing on the ground, we think that AI-related funding, whether it's for data center development or financing compute capacity, could top 15 percent of the total issuance across all credit products. This has been an unprecedented test for the capital markets, both in terms of the depth of capacity and the breadth of product. The teams have been on the forefront of deep investor dialogue and product innovation. This spans corporate investment grade, first of their kind financings in high-yield and leveraged loan markets, and new takes on asset-backed financing. And each of these areas has seen material issuance both in public and private markets. Lindsay Tyler: Great backdrop. Let's dig first into investment-grade corporate debt, an area you know well from your time previously leading the investment-grade team. Can you help frame the scale and the significance of this financing bucket and how AI-related debt is scaling within it? Anish Shah: Well, you know, as you know, the investment-grade bond market, specifically in dollars, is the deepest, most liquid pool of capital in the world. Volumes have grown materially over the last few years and are likely to eclipse $2 trillion in issuance this year. Hyperscalers are among the very best credits in the world, and they have the ability to come in and out of markets with relatively quick twitch, little to no pre-marketing, and in fairly large size. You know, $20 billion-plus deals used to be rare in the investment-grade market, now happen multiple times a quarter. This is why we've seen the predominance of AI-driven capital raising take place in the investment-grade market. For the most part, investors have digested that supply very well. While we've seen some modest widening credit spreads for hyperscalers and some of the other tech issuers, I'd say it's de minimis relative to their expected ROI. Lindsay, I've talked a lot about supply dynamics and issuance. What other factors are you and investors considering when assessing fair value for investment-grade rated technology bonds? Lindsay Tyler: Sure. It's prudent to really weigh a mix of technicals, fundamentals, and relative value. You know, as you discussed on the technical side, and related to my discussions with debt and equity investors, I've been focused on scale of buildouts, market capacity, digestibility across currencies, positioning along the curve, implications of equity issuance, and whether AI financing could crowd out other areas of TMT credit. But moving more to the fundamental side of things, you mentioned ROI, and for the players that are scaling compute capacity, there are a handful of key monetization and return questions that keep coming up. How quickly can these companies bring new capacity online? Once it's live, how does it translate into durable revenue and cash flow? Is that capacity supporting internal products, proprietary models, broader cloud offerings, or compute leased to third parties? And then how fungible is the capacity across those use cases if demand or returns shift? Further on the fundamental side, we've done some differentiated work around growing long-term commitments. We've seen that high-quality hyperscalers and a few of the semis companies are anchoring the AI ecosystem through leases, guarantees, other obligations. These commitments really extend beyond vanilla bond issuance. So, I encourage investors to look beyond the funded debt and really understand the accounting and the ratings implications here of some of those commitments. And this ties nicely into the next topic that I wanted to raise, which is project finance debt. I've noticed that, you know, a lot of the commitments that we're seeing from IG players support another layer of financing. Lease commitments can underpin project finance debt, an area of sizable issuance and innovation. The public high-yield market has emerged as a new funding source in this way for data center construction, with more than 30 billion priced across 15 deals, since fall 2025. Can you walk us through, Anish, the innovation behind these structures, and how are these high yield deals different than other ways to, kind of, raise project finance debt? Anish Shah: Yeah, it's incredibly interesting. I mean, the bulk of the issuance, as I noted has come in the investment grade market, but I would say the bulk of the innovation has come in the sub-investment grade market. You know, historically, for very capital-intensive sectors like energy and power or real estate, the project loan market was the most efficient source of initial funding. The developer would tap banks to underwrite a highly structured construction loan. Once the project is up and running, you could then refinance that loan with the predictable cash flows into a more institutional financing, like the investment grade bond market or the term loan B or securitization markets.That product may still be very viable in many sectors, but we felt early on that bank-provided construction loans would not meet the capacity needs of the AI investment cycle. The market really needed an institutional credit product that bypassed the need for construction loans. The key innovation came in the form of first-of-its-kind high-yield bonds that funded the development of a new data center complex. Given the relatively short construction period and the "offtake" supported by some of the highest quality credits in the world, we felt like this financing structure would be incredibly well-received in the high-yield market. The win here is that the developer accesses fixed rate long-term capital and maintains flexibility to call the bonds and refinance at a lower cost. Judging by how these financings have gone, there's a strong level of investor enthusiasm. I think that they've only scratched the surface, and I would expect that we see much more of this. And potentially even expand it to other products in the leverage finance markets given the tremendous level of investor demand. Lindsay Tyler: Yeah. It's certainly been exciting to follow many of those deals. Beyond the public space, we're also seeing a wave of innovation in private credit and asset-backed finance. Anish, how do companies decide whether capital is best raised in the public or the private markets? Anish Shah: Well, I'm glad you raised the whole avenue of private markets because it may be the most significant change in the credit markets over the last few years, broadening the scope of private credit from directly lending into leverage buyouts to now financing large investment-grade projects. There are great examples in the world of GPU and TPU financing, where we structure loans secured by the asset and the cash flows, or in data center development.Lindsay, from your perspective, what are investors focused on when these private structures intersect with public credits? Lindsay Tyler: Sure. Many of these asset-backed private financings have prompted investors to look more closely at any of the public companies involved, whether as issuers, tenants, customers, or support providers. This ties back to the point I raised earlier. Where does the risk reside, and who ultimately is on the hook? These financings have also sparked broader discussions around circularity, vendor financing, and technology obsolescence risk, even when amortizing structures are in place. I do think those are fair concerns to weigh, and they really speak to how quickly the AI financing trend is evolving and how much credit work there is to do. So, Anish, with that balance in mind, relatively strong demand, rapid innovation, but also some real credit questions, let's end with a quick lightning round. Anish Shah: Lindsay, let's do it. Lindsay Tyler: First, what is the biggest risk that could test investor appetite for AI-related debt? Anish Shah: I would say investors are acutely focused on construction delays. Don't underestimate the level of diligence being done by the breadth of capacity you're seeing in the markets. Investors are doing their homework, and we're spending a lot of time trying to mitigate any of their concerns with structural protections. Lindsay Tyler: Got it. Second, beyond data center shells and chips, what is the next potential AI financing opportunity? Anish Shah: It most certainly is energy and power. We're going to see a ton of capital being raised in utilities. It's going to be a little different than what the hyperscalers are doing, just given the nature of their balance sheets. You're going to see more junior capital. We've seen a wave of junior subordinated debt issuance out of the utilities. We're also seeing a lot of activity from our project finance and tax equity team, just given all things energy infrastructure. Lindsay Tyler: Great. And third, if we're sitting here a year from now, what do you think could be the biggest AI financing story we're talking about? Anish Shah: Well, we certainly underestimated the level of financing activity that we saw in the past year. I think when we look back a year from now, we will probably see that the AI labs were much more ready to finance on their own on a standalone basis. That's going to alleviate some of the pressures in the market, but I think it's going to create a whole new set of considerations and structural innovation. Lindsay Tyler: Well, it's certainly been remarkable to watch this financing theme take shape in real time, and the next chapter sounds like it could be even more interesting to follow. Anish, thanks for joining us and sharing your insights. Anish Shah: Great to join, Lindsay. Thanks. Lindsay Tyler: And thank you for listening. If you enjoy Thoughts on the Market, please leave us a review wherever you listen and share the podcast with a friend or colleague today.*****Anish Shah is a member of Morgan Stanley's Global Capital Markets Division and is not a member of Morgan Stanley's Research Department. Unless otherwise indicated, his views are his own and may differ from the views of the Morgan Stanley Research Department and from the views of others within Morgan Stanley.

In this episode of Investing in Integrity, Ross Overline sits down with Mark Keating, EVP and Global Head of Strategic Finance at State Street — one of the largest financial institutions in the world, with roughly $50T in assets under custody and 15% of the world's daily financial transactions running through its infrastructure.Mark and Ross discuss what it means to build a career of lasting impact inside a globally systemically important bank, how AI is reshaping corporate finance, and the question Mark asks himself and his colleagues to keep them grounded: Do you like the person you've become?Meet Mark Mark Keating is EVP and Global Head of Strategic Finance at State Street, where he leads enterprise Financial Planning & Analysis, Real Estate, Procurement, and Financial Oversight and Planning for Operations & Technology, State Street Markets, Global Credit Finance, Wealth Services, and Corporate Functions. He also leads the firm's Finance Data and AI organization and Finance Transformation. He is a member of State Street's Executive Committee, the company's senior leadership team.Since joining in 1990, he has held a range of executive roles in finance, business, and strategy across the firm. He spent over a decade in Zurich, Luxembourg, and London, and served as CFO for Europe, the Middle East, and Africa and as International CFO for more than 15 years. During that time, he served on the Executive Management Board of State Street Bank International in Germany and held a Senior Manager Function designation under the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority's Senior Manager Regime. In 2025, he stepped in as State Street's interim CFO.Mark also serves on the Board of Trustees of the Cathleen Stone Island Outward Bound School and is the executive sponsor of the State Street Veterans Network (VetNet).Mark holds an undergraduate degree from the Boston College Carroll School of Management and an MBA in international finance and economics from Babson College, where he graduated summa cum laude.

Healthcare organizations are under growing pressure to modernize IT environments while improving clinician experience, strengthening security, and preparing for the next wave of AI-enabled workflows. In this episode, we'll explore how AI-powered endpoints, intelligent collaboration tools, and modern device strategies are helping healthcare IT leaders balance operational efficiency with better patient outcomes. Host: James Hilliard Guests: Abhishek Khowala, Global Head of AI, Health and Life Sciences Vertical at Intel Alexander Stanton III, Account Executive for Healthcare at Lenovo Show Notes: 00:00 - Introduction: AI endpoints and healthcare modernization overview 02:17 - Success story: Ohio children's hospital — modernization benefits 03:16 - Security in healthcare AI: Protecting models and managing endpoints 05:33 - Challenges faced by healthcare IT teams: Resources, regulation, data issues 07:54 - Criticality of security and managing AI complexity in healthcare 09:47 - The importance of practical AI adoption focused on patient outcomes 11:12 - How AI PCs enhance clinician workflows and patient safety 13:06 - Practical benefits of AI endpoints: reducing downtime and improving outcomes 14:01 - Role of Intel, Lenovo, and Microsoft in secure, effective AI deployment 15:21 - The significance of local processing in healthcare AI PCs — Intel's innovation 17:18 - Leveraging Microsoft 365 for orchestrating complex workflows with AI 18:59 - Managing endpoint sprawl and prioritizing security in healthcare IT 20:25 - Enhancing threat detection with AI hardware and software integration 22:18 - Rethinking modernization: From IT assets to care quality investments 24:42 - Using endpoints at the point of care to meet KPIs and reduce data risks 26:06 - Early wins: Focus on outcomes, pilot projects, and stakeholder alignment 27:57 - Moving forward with healthcare modernization practices

GenAI has industrialized social engineering. The human entry point is now automated, personalized, and scalable, and that changes how security leaders must defend. In this #shifthappens episode, Andrew Carr, Managing Director and Global Head of Threat Management for Booz Allen Hamilton's Commercial Incident Response team, joins AvePoint Chief Brand Officer Dux Raymond Sy and AvePoint Chief Risk, Privacy, and Information Security Officer Dana Simberkoff to unpack what's genuinely new about AI-driven attacks — and what organizations need to do about it.  Drawing on frontline incident response across healthcare, financial services, manufacturing, and more, Andrew explains why attackers no longer need to compromise systems to extract millions, why built-in trust is now a liability, and why the fundamentals that have been ignored for too long – zero trust, data classification, least privilege – are exactly what this moment demands. He also breaks down how AI should be used in defense: not as autopilot, but as a human-augmented layer that triages, prioritizes, and buys decision-makers the time they no longer have. 

AI can make you faster. But can it make you memorable? Mark Cibort, Global Head of Marketing Operations at Kenvue, joins the #ShinyNewObjectPodcast to discuss agentic employees, data overload, the AI bubble, and why the real competitive advantage is becoming the most human person in the room. Tune in to learn how to make more space for what matters, while still making the most of the tech revolution. 

Patch Tuesday. SonicWall urges immediate patching of actively exploited vulnerabilities.  The White House launches an AI-backed vulnerability clearinghouse. The Air Force contends with widespread cybersecurity quarantines. The UK and EU blame Russia for last year's cyberattack on Poland's power grid. Meta faces accusations of AI-assisted layoffs. NATO allies collaborate in space. The Pentagon offers paid cyber apprenticeships. Spanish police dismantle a cybercrime and money-laundering network. Our guest is Clark Frogley, Global Head of Fraud at Quantexa and former FBI agent, discussing the fraud-as-a-service economy and what banks are missing. Grok Build users data is cloudy with a chance of uploads.  Remember to leave us a 5-star rating and review in your favorite podcast app. Miss an episode? Sign-up for our daily intelligence roundup, Daily Briefing, and you'll never miss a beat. And be sure to follow CyberWire Daily on LinkedIn. CyberWire Guest Today we are joined by Clark Frogley, Global Head of Fraud at Quantexa and former FBI agent, as he is discussing the fraud-as-a-service economy and what banks are missing. Selected Reading Microsoft Patches a Record 570 Security Flaws (Krebs on Security) Adobe Patches Critical ColdFusion Vulnerabilities (SecurityWeek) Vulnerabilities Patched by Fortinet, Ivanti, ServiceNow (SecurityWeek) ICS Patch Tuesday: Vulnerabilities Fixed by Siemens, Schneider, Rockwell (SecurityWeek) Critical Vulnerabilities Patched With Fresh Chrome 150, Firefox 152 Updates (SecurityWeek) SonicWall warns of SMA1000 flaws exploited in zero-day attacks, patch now (Bleeping Computer) White House announces ‘Gold Eagle' AI clearinghouse for cyber vulnerabilities (Nextgov/FCW) Air Force network lockouts hit troops and civilians (Federal News Network) NATO Allies join forces to develop high-end space capabilities (NATO) EU and UK officially blame Russian spies for cyberattack on Poland's power grid (The Register) Meta used AI to target workers with medical conditions for layoffs, lawsuit claims (Reuters) Pentagon opens application window for paid cyber apprenticeships (DefenseScoop) Spanish Police take down €140 million cyber fraud ring, arrest four (Bleeping Computer) Musk promises purge after Grok Build caught sending entire repos to the cloud (The Register) Share your feedback. What do you think about CyberWire Daily? Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts with us by completing our brief listener survey. Thank you for helping us continue to improve our show. Want to hear your company in the show? N2K CyberWire helps you reach the industry's most influential leaders and operators, while building visibility, authority, and connectivity across the cybersecurity community. Learn more at sponsor.thecyberwire.com. The CyberWire is a production of N2K Networks, your source for strategic workforce intelligence. © N2K Networks, Inc. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In the first of a two-part special recorded live at Bloomberg's London offices, Merryn Somerset Webb brings together Bloomberg's John Stepek, Bytetree's Charlie Morris and Jean-Damien Marie, Global Head of Investments for Barclay's Private Bank and Wealth Management to discuss how the next generation of investors is changing the wealth management industry. From Bitcoin and gold to private equity, ESG and the future of the 60/40 portfolio, the panel explores what tomorrow's wealthy clients want — and whether traditional investment advice is keeping up.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Watch on YouTube: https://youtu.be/HXKeEQCrOa0 Catalina Salazar is the Global Senior Director of Retail Media at Wolt, a leading Rapid Delivery company in Europe and part of DoorDash and Paul Dahill is the MD of Sales EMEA at Koddi, one of the top Commerce Media Technology companies. We spoke with them at the show floor during Shoptalk Europe to discuss how they are working together to simplify retail media buying. From how the partnership enables brands and agencies to access Wolt's sponsored product inventory through the media-buying platforms they already use, to reducing fragmentation and connecting brand campaigns more directly with measurable purchases. Tune in to hear about Why retail media must become easier and more consistent to buy at scale How Wolt and Koddi are connecting commerce inventory with major demand-side platforms Why collapsing consumer journeys are bringing awareness and conversion closer together The complexity of operating across multiple European markets, currencies and languages Why Germany was selected as the first market for the collaboration How simpler integrations, connected measurement and automation could shape the future of commerce media More See Paul's other appearence on the podcast: https://www.fmcgguys.com/paul-dahill/  Audio Mixing by Modest Ferrer Voice Acting by Jason Martorell Parsekian Disclaimer The views and opinions expressed in this podcast are those of the individual guests and do not necessarily reflect the views of The FMCG Guys (Dwyer Partners SL) or its partners. The FMCG Guys make no representations or warranties about the accuracy, completeness, or suitability of any information discussed, and accept no responsibility for any decisions or outcomes based on this content. Listeners are encouraged to seek their own professional advice before acting on any of the topics covered.

Based on the episode transcript, here's a YouTube description that highlights the biggest stories and guest interviews while optimizing for search. The global supply chain is facing another major test as tensions around the Strait of Hormuz continue to evolve. On today's FreightWaves Today, Craig Fuller and Joey discuss the latest developments after President Trump reverses course on a proposed transit fee and instead announces a blockade targeting Iranian trade. What does it mean for oil prices, diesel costs, ocean shipping, and the broader freight market? Joining the show:

Without clear standards, investors face a fragmented approach to climate investing—limiting the flow of capital needed to fund Canada's transition. In this episode of Sustainability Leaders, John Uhren, Global Head of Sustainable Finance at BMO Capital Markets, speaks with Marlene Puffer, Chair of the Canadian Taxonomy and Transition Planning Council at Business Future Pathways, about how a sustainable finance taxonomy can bring consistency, credibility, and scale to climate investment. Puffer explains how a taxonomy classifies economic activity into categories to better direct capital—particularly toward hard‑to‑abate sectors such as steel and energy. The conversation explores why Canada needs to attract significant new investment to meet net‑zero goals, how global examples are already mobilizing capital at scale, and how a clear, science‑based framework can improve transparency, attract foreign investment, and support more effective allocation of capital across the economy. For the Sustainable Finance Taxonomy: Methodology Report Draft, visit: https://www.businessfuturepathways.ca/consultations/sustainable-finance-taxonomy-methodology-report-draft-for-public-comment/

Treasury technology is moving fast, but the real value comes from knowing what problem you are trying to solve before choosing the system, tool, or innovation to help you solve it.In this returning guest episode, host Mike Richards welcomes back Séverine Le Blévennec, Global Head of Treasury at Aliaxis.On this week's podcast we welcome back Séverine Le Blévennec, Global Head of Treasury at Aliaxis, for an update on her treasury transformation journey. Having joined the show previously, Séverine returns to share what has changed over the past few years, how the treasury function at Aliaxis has evolved, and why technology, AI, governance, and data quality must all be connected to real business needs.Séverine discusses the progress made in building a more mature global treasury function, including the creation of a global treasury community, the implementation of treasury technology, the rollout of a payment hub, improved cash visibility, stronger governance, and the importance of developing treasury talent. She also shares her views on AI in treasury, explaining why teams need to balance opportunity with risk, and why clean data, transparency, and strong fundamentals matter more than ever.Main topics discussed:Aliaxis' treasury transformation journey and progress toward greater maturity.Building a clearer global treasury community with stronger ownership.Choosing treasury technology based on real problems, not buzzwords.Rolling out treasury systems, payment hubs, and cash visibility tools.Strengthening governance, policies, controls, and treasury processes.Supporting regional treasury teams while respecting local complexity.Managing AI opportunities, risks, governance, and data quality.Developing treasury talent through learning, cross-training, and knowledge sharing.Challenging the status quo and expanding treasury's business value.Keeping treasury strategic while embracing technology and innovation.You can connect with Séverine Le Blévennec on LinkedIn.---

Based on the episode transcript, here's a YouTube description that highlights the biggest stories and guest interviews while optimizing for search. The global supply chain is facing another major test as tensions around the Strait of Hormuz continue to evolve. On today's FreightWaves Today, Craig Fuller and Joey discuss the latest developments after President Trump reverses course on a proposed transit fee and instead announces a blockade targeting Iranian trade. What does it mean for oil prices, diesel costs, ocean shipping, and the broader freight market? Joining the show:

Through economic uncertainty, cultural changes, or major global events, Companies need an HR infrastructure that can scale and support the organization through whatever they may face. According to the 2026 HRO Today Top Concerns of CHROs report, CHROs around the world are worried about the ability of their operations to adapt to a changing hiring pace. While leaders may not be expecting major growth, CHROs want their teams to be prepared for the next major shift. Grant Jessup, Chief Client Officer & SVP International of LevelUP joins the latest episode of the HRO Today Educational Podcast to discuss the need for a resilient and flexible HR infrastructure to navigate an ever-shifting global workplace.  Jessup and host Elliot Clark, CEO of HRO Today, dive into HR infrastructure and explore what HR operations can be doing to anticipate major global workforce changes rather than simply react to them. Note: At the time of recording, Grant Jessup's title was Global Head of Sales and Solutions. Grant has since been promoted to his current title, Chief Client Officer & SVP International. Congratulations to Grant on behalf of HRO Today!

In this episode of the Future of the Firm podcast, Rob Fisher, Global Head of Advisory for KPMG International, joins Emma Carroll, Head of Client Voice at Source, to explore how adaptability is setting the best firms and clients apart from their competitors.  We explore the following questions and more:  Why is incrementalism a recipe for failure in enterprise transformation? What is the "competitor blind spot" and how does it skew strategic planning?  Why isn't the surge in AI-driven data translating into faster, clearer decisions?  Are firms misusing alliances and ecosystems as a tactical band-aid?  How can leaders address the psychological safety crisis to build an AI-fluent culture?  For a global firm looking to remain adaptable in today's market, what's the biggest mistake they should avoid making?  If you enjoyed this conversation, don't miss our sister podcast, Business Leader's Voice. In the latest podcast episode, we spoke to Andrea Lattimore, Global Director – Compliance & Business Integrity at Vodafone, to explore how trust can be leveraged as a driver of growth and resilience in a global organisation. 

How is AI influencing innovation in the food industry? In this episode of the Food Matters Live podcast, recorded live at our event at Olympia in London, we try to map out the full picture.Our guest speaker is Alberto Prado, former Global Head of R&D Digital & Partnerships at Unilever.Alberto believes the food industry is facing the most volatile, fast-moving, expensive and demanding environment it has ever operated in. But, he argues, the tools it's using to respond are largely unchanged since the 1980s.He maps out the full picture - what AI is already doing inside large FMCG organisations, the five barriers he believes are getting in the way, and why he argues companies that treat AI as infrastructure rather than a feature, will be shaping this industry for the next decade.His argument is that most food businesses are using AI to write better emails and build slightly faster dashboards, while mistaking that for transformation.If this has whet your appetite for next year's Food Matters Live events - you can already register your interest to partner with us in London and Rotterdam. Just head to foodmatterslive.com

Larry Clinton is the President and CEO of the Internet Security Alliance. In this episode, he joins JR Williamson , SVP & Chief Information Security Officer, Corporate Information Security at Leidos and host Kris Lovejoy, Kyndryl's Global Head of Strategy, to discuss cyber risk oversight in the AI era. As the global leader in IT infrastructure services, Kyndryl advances the mission-critical technology systems the world depends on every day. Collaborating with a vast network of partners and thousands of customers worldwide, Kyndryl's team of highly skilled experts develops innovative solutions that empower enterprises to achieve their digital transformation goals. Learn more about our sponsor at https://kyndryl.com.

Hello and welcome to the ZimmCast. In this episode I'm going to share some comments and a question with an IFAJ Webinar. The topic was "Artificial Intelligence's Impact on R&D for Agriculture." Moderating was Steve Werblow, IFAJ President and Martin Clough, Syngenta Crop Protection's R&D Head of Digital Collaboration and Sustainability and Andre Piza, Syngenta's Group's Global Head of Digital AgTech. My question was, are there concerns about the cost of data centers and including issues like the climate and sustainability. Each of them will provide their comments and then the answer of my questions. If you are not a member of IFAJ consider joining your local agricultural journalist guild. Find out more on the IFAJ website. That's the ZimmCast for now. I hope you enjoyed it and thank for listening.

Our Global Head of Fixed Income Research Andrew Sheets outlines what could potentially go wrong and disrupt markets' optimism this summer.Read more insights from Morgan Stanley.----- Transcript -----Welcome to Thoughts on the Market. I'm Andrew Sheets, Global Head of Fixed Income Research at Morgan Stanley. Today, discussing three things that could disrupt a quiet summer. It's Wednesday, July 8th at noon in New York. As markets turn the page toward the second half of the year, there are lots of reasons for optimism. Global growth remains solid. Earnings growth is strong, and broadening across more companies. Capital markets remain open and deal activity is robust. We continue to think that the best analogy for current conditions is something like 1997 through 1998 or 2005 through 2006 – periods where corporate aggression was increasing, and had further to go, leading to equities outperforming credit. Even more immediately, July also happens to be one of the best months of the year for markets. And while one should never base their entire investment strategy on how far the earth has travelled around the sun, this month has been the best month for the U.S. High Yield returns, by far, over the last 15 years. The last time the S&P 500 fell in the month of July was 2014. So given all that, what could go wrong? Well, here are three things that are on our mind. First, a key part of our most optimistic view is that U.S. inflation will be lower than the Federal Reserve expects in the second half of this year, leading them to leave interest rates unchanged, rather than raise rates as the market expects. The risk is that this assumption is just wrong, perhaps soon. There is certainly an argument that, if the Fed is worried about inflation, it shouldn't wait to act, and the market is currently placing roughly 1-in-3 chance that the Fed hikes rates on July 29th. If that happens – and again, our base case is it does not – it could drive volatility. Second is earnings season, which kicks off next week. While the general trend of earnings is important, the bigger focus is likely to be on the results of large U.S. tech companies, and in particular, how much they plan to spend building out AI infrastructure. Over the last several quarters, almost like clockwork, these spending estimates have been revised higher and higher. And that has helped boost confidence in AI – as the spending is a sign that the technology holds promise – as well as boosting the broader earnings outlook; since all of this spending is becoming other company's revenue. Our base-case remains that this AI spending cycle has further to run, with capex from the major U.S. hyperscalers rising from over $800bn of spending this year to roughly $1.2 trillion of spending next year. But the risk would be that second quarter earnings now show more hesitation to spend, maybe because the share prices of some of these big spenders have been recent underperformers. And given how much the current growth and earnings story is linked to AI, and how popular AI exposure is with investors, that would create a risk. Finally, there's Iran. Our base case assumes a gradual renormalization of flows through the Strait of Hormuz, and we forecast Brent oil at about $75/bbl in 12 months time, which is pretty similar to current levels. But as of this recording there were reports of renewed hostilities, and the ceasefire may be fragile. The U.S. has already drawn down its Strategic Petroleum Reserve to its lowest-ever levels, potentially reducing some ability to absorb shocks if the conflict re-escalates. Historically, July tends to be strong, and markets have a number of helpful tailwinds at their back. But an unexpected rate hike, an unexpected reduction in Hyperscaler Capex, and a resumption of the Iran conflict are three factors that are not in our base-case – and could disrupt that. Thank you, as always, for your time. If you find Thoughts on the Market useful, let us know by leaving a review wherever you listen. Also tell a friend or colleague about us today.

What happens when an industry managing more than $150 trillion is still held back by decades-old systems, manual work, disconnected data, and highly paid experts spending hours on tasks AI could complete in seconds? In this episode, I speak with Markus Ruetimann, a member of the Experion Technologies Advisory Board and former Global Chief Operating Officer with more than three decades of experience in institutional asset management, alongside Siraj Alimohamed, Global Head of Data and AI at Experion Technologies. We begin with a simple question. What does an asset manager actually do with our pensions, savings, and investments every day? Markus takes us through the investment process, from research and stock selection to portfolio construction, trading, settlement, performance analysis, and regulatory reporting. Along the way, we examine where time, money, and expertise are being lost. Siraj then explains composable AI through one of the clearest analogies I have heard. Think of building with Lego bricks rather than creating every solution from scratch. Companies can create reusable AI agents for research, risk monitoring, compliance, portfolio analysis, trade execution, and reporting, all operating on a shared data and governance foundation. We discuss how this model can change the economics of AI adoption. Siraj shares examples of AI reading hundreds of broker reports in seconds, freeing hundreds of analyst hours, reducing portfolio review cycles from days to hours, improving trade execution quality, identifying settlement risks before trades fail, and accelerating regulatory reporting. The conversation also tackles one of the most common reasons companies delay AI projects: "our data isn't ready." Siraj argues that waiting for perfect data can become an excuse for inaction. His advice is to identify two or three measurable use cases, prove their value within weeks, and use those results to build confidence and secure further investment. But technology is only part of the story. Markus explains why AI adoption in asset management is also a cultural and organizational challenge. Companies must decide which processes to automate, which to support with AI, and where human judgment must remain firmly in control. The message from both guests is refreshingly practical. Start small, start with a real business problem, connect AI systems through a common data foundation, and give skilled people more time to make better decisions. Can composable AI help asset managers respond faster, reduce costs, improve investor returns, and make better use of human expertise, or will legacy systems and cultural resistance continue to slow progress? Listen to the conversation and share your thoughts.

Armin Molavi is a seasoned global brand architect, enterprise marketing executive, and the Chief Marketing Officer at Instructure, the edtech giant behind Canvas by Instructure (the world's leading learning management platform).With over 20 years of experience leading massive brand transformations, Armin specializes in taking complex, legacy organizations and modernizing their market narrative. Before stepping into the edtech space at Instructure, he built a powerhouse career on both the agency and corporate brand sides. Notably, he served as the Global Head of Media and Marketing Operations at Hilton, where he managed their international agency ecosystem, drove massive digital efficiency, and helped steer the hospitality giant through an era of aggressive digital transformation.

The biggest AI stocks have had a remarkable run – but questions still remain. Our Head of Americas Specialty Sales, Thomas Wigg, speaks with Global Head of Thematic and Sustainability Research Stephen Byrd and Global Head of Public Policy Research Ariana Salvatore about the competition and durability of the investment cycle.Read more insights from Morgan Stanley.----- Transcript ----- Thomas Wigg: Welcome to Thoughts on the Market. I'm Tom Wigg, Morgan Stanley's Head of Americas Specialty Sales. Stephen Byrd: I'm Stephen Byrd, Morgan Stanley's Global Head of Thematic and Sustainability Research. Ariana Salvatore: And I'm Ariana Salvatore, Morgan Stanley's Head of Public Policy Research. Thomas Wigg: Today, the rally in AI CapEx beneficiaries has taken a breather in recent weeks on concerns of competition from open-source models, backlash to token-maxxing, and growing political opposition to data center builds. It's Tuesday, July 7th at 10am in New York. Let's start with you, Stephen. There's a lot of discussion recently around a backlash at token-maxxing. Essentially, enterprises trying to curtail their high spending on AI tokens from the frontier labs, and, in many cases, shifting to cheaper open-source China models. Can you first offer some perspective here on the value of tokens for enterprises? I know you have a popular token factory model that walks through the economics of agents. Stephen Byrd: Yeah, Tom, we do have this model that really walks through token economics, both from the adopter side as well as the hyperscaler side. So, let's do the adopter side. So, there's a study out that shows a whole range of enterprise use cases of AI, and the average single use case that they identify would save a company about $55 or provide that much benefit. And while we don't know exactly how many tokens it will require, we can make some educated guesses as to a typical token usage to achieve that $55 outcome. And we know that a typical American model, though this varies a lot, you can think of as the cost per million tokens being in the range of $5 per million. Some will be lower, some will be higher. So, for a few dollars of token cost, an enterprise can generate benefit of $55. So that doesn't make me overly concerned about token spend and concerns about token-maxxing. I know we're going to get into that, but the foundation here is really good in the sense that enterprise use cases are very much in the money. Thomas Wigg: How do you think market share ultimately shakes out on tokens? Do the cheaper models overtake the frontier AI labs? Do tokens bifurcate based on the complexity of workloads? How do you think this plays out? Stephen Byrd: What we continue to see is this relentless pace of innovation and cost reduction. So, the frontier keeps going out – meaning model capabilities continue to increase, and, with that, we see enterprise adoption growing quite a bit. Long way to say there is a role for both the frontier as well as these open-source models, and we'll continue to see both flourish. What I see is a lot of tokens will be spent on open-source models. A lot of the value will be in the higher end models because that's where enterprises are going to go. Let me give you an example. I was speaking with one of our programmers about a recent project, and he used a very high-end coding tool, an American coding tool. And for him, that incremental cost of the tokens was very much worth it. And here's a very practical example as to why it makes sense for many enterprises to use the higher end models. If a coding tool gets one of the thousands of lines of code wrong, the cost to remediate is very, very high. In other words, that incremental cost – in this example I'm thinking of, it's a few dollars incremental cost – is so worth it because if the quality is not there, the cost to any enterprise to go back and remediate is so high. And that's true in a lot of enterprise use cases, but not in every use case. And what we are seeing is these open-source models that are cheaper will be very good for a variety of more mundane use cases that are still very valuable. That said, what we've seen in data from places like OpenRouter is dollar-weighted, meaning valued by enterprise spend, the vast majority is still the proprietary models. But even within proprietary models, we could have more expensive and less expensive models. You do not need to go to the frontier. Where I come out on all this is that I'm very confident that the demand for compute is going to exceed the supply. What is difficult to exactly know is who are the winners, what is the exact mix. But the fundamentals of the demand for compute look extremely strong. Thomas Wigg: So, I think you just gave me the answer, but I do want to bring this all back to AI CapEx. Now, last year, when the market sold off on Deep Seek concerns, the concept of Jevons paradox ultimately prevailed, where the cheaper pricing led to even greater demand and CapEx went higher.Do you think the same plays out here? Stephen Byrd: It does look that way very much. And the Jevons paradox dynamic is what we still see today in the sense that as the models get better, what we can do with the models increase, the cost of tokens will keep dropping, the cost of compute will keep dropping.But let's talk about what might derail that, just to make sure we're thinking about all the risks. If somehow commoditized models could perform at the same level as proprietary models in all situations, then I would feel differently. But I don't see that. What I see is that these newer models really do have capabilities that are fairly breathtaking and that are worth that extra money. But if somehow, we hit a wall where these models aren't getting better and therefore the sort of the open models are going to catch up, then I'd feel differently about that. This is where Ariana will, will come in in terms of policy and, you know, this comes up a lot when we think about U.S. versus China. How do we think about, you know, access to different models? How do we think about the cost of different models? What about the risk of appropriation of capabilities by the Chinese firms, for example? That comes up a lot in policy circles. But the base case that I have is this just looks more like Jevons paradox, and there's going to be continued innovation, continued reduction in the cost of producing these services from these models. That looks like more of the same. Thomas Wigg: Let's shift to Ariana to talk about the political angle here. The cover of Barron's over the weekend was a guy wearing a no data centers T-shirt. And this does seem to be one of the few bipartisan issues of agreement heading into the midterms.The stat that the article gave was that 75 data center projects worth $130 billion were blocked or delayed in 1Q26, which is equal to the total number for 2025. This is according to Data Center Watch. Now, most of this is in blue states like New York, Michigan, Illinois, Minnesota considering a statewide moratorium, but you're also seeing Pennsylvania, Arizona, Ohio, parts of Texas restricting tax incentives here. So as this gets louder into the midterms, how do you think this plays out? Ariana Salvatore: So, this is definitely one of the big wedge issues, not just for the midterm elections, but for 2028. And to your point, it's expanding into something that's got bipartisan momentum behind it. Our view is that as long as the Trump administration is in power, something like a federal ban is unlikely to come to fruition. That's because we think the administration is still broadly supportive of the AI data center build-out. And I think even if you were to see a Democrat in office further down the road, that position is the same. And the reason is, it's just too difficult to imagine the U.S. giving up that strategic imperative relative to China. So, while it is true that voters are against AI, while it is true that you are seeing these sorts of local efforts pick up steam, it's also the case that China is accelerating its own AI build-out – not just domestically, but around the rest of the world too. It's also the case that they are kind of tweaking some export restrictions on inputs for some of these data centers, and those geopolitical realities, I think, are hard to ignore. So, at the end of the day, there is a broader strategic imperative here that both Democrats and Republicans kind of recognize and get behind. Now, what does that mean in the near term for the build-out? I think it's not that you're going to see a real pushback or moratorium so much as a conditional build-out.That means you're going to see data centers have to incorporate things like grid modernization in their contracts, agree to longer term investments, for example. Do something that benefits the communities or give it back in some way. And I think that's kind of the policy trajectory in addition to the administration continuing to lean on tech companies to basically, you know, square the circle here and find some way to make this more affordable for, you know, local constituents. Thomas Wigg: Stephen, let me get your take on this too, because I know you live in the D.C. area, and you have a lot of political conversations like you referenced earlier. How do you think this plays out? Is it a red state versus blue state dynamic? And if what Ariana says comes to fruition, where it's a conditional build-out in terms of either giving back to the community or ensuring certain prices or certain technologies behind the meter, in front of the meter, does that have implications for certain areas of the market? Stephen Byrd: Yeah. First, I think Ariana's points were all spot on. I just want to, kind of, build on that and, and dive into it a little more detail. A few things. The politics are, from my perspective, not being the expert that Ariana is, I find them a little strange – in the sense that at the federal level, we have one dynamic, and at the state and local level, we have a bit of a different dynamic. And what I mean by that is, at the federal level, I think it's becoming increasingly clear just how geopolitically important AI supremacy is. As these models get more capable, I think it's pretty clear that the Trump administration really sees just how potent these tools are from a geopolitical point of view. So that points in the direction of wanting to support AI and wanting to ensure that the United States has a leading and dominant position in terms of AI capabilities. Pause there, and then go to your point about, sort of, the local and state level. Building on what Ariana said, what I see are basically two approaches to data center development. In states where the utility is vertically integrated, meaning they control everything, like Louisiana, I do see a path where – in those kinds of states where the politics are a bit more favorable – you could develop a data center connected to the grid, where the data center developer is paying full freight and then some. Meaning that they are providing back to the community, they're providing sort of net benefits, and there should be plenty of capital to make that work and really support all constituents. That can work – in a state where the politics work – because utilities are really weather vanes from a political point of view. So, if their state supports data center development, they will more likely support a data center development. The other approach, though, in many states, whether it's deregulated or it's in a state where the politics are a little less favorable. Which, to your point on the cover of Barron's, it's a lot of states, what I'm increasingly seeing is that the developers are going to go off grid. And they just don't want to show any impact to the community that could be considered negative. So, no use of water, no use of power, and hopefully have a, you know, low or zero emissions profile to show no impact at all. Even then, you want to give back to the community. But the view there is, look, we want to sidestep all of these concerns that we might be causing impacts to the grid by just not being connected. So, I think we're going to see a whole lot of off-grid data center projects. That's mostly natural gas turbines and fuel cells, that general approach. Energy storage will be required in a big way. That's not easy to do. So, in the context of delays there, the Bitcoin players who do have grid access today are clearly seeing a lot of demand for their products. So, I would say politics is now a huge issue that's showing up. The other thing I'd flag is often local communities and states are rejecting projects and using permit requests as a way to do that. So, for example, if your data center needs an air permit because your turbines are going to emit some kind of an, you know, sulfur dioxide, et cetera, into the air, you can run into trouble there. If your data center requires water and you need a water permit, you can run into trouble. So, that's causing these developers to try to find approaches that really minimize or eliminate the need for those kinds of permits. Thomas Wigg: Stephen and Ariana, thank you for taking the time. And to our audience, thank you for listening. If you enjoy Thoughts on the Market, please leave us a review wherever you listen to the show and share the podcast with a friend or colleague today.*****Tom Wigg is a member of Morgan Stanley's Institutional Equity Division and is not a member of Morgan Stanley's Research Department. Unless otherwise indicated, his views are his own and may differ from the views of the Morgan Stanley Research Department and from the views of others within Morgan Stanley.

Ari Redbord sits down with Katherine, Jessi, and Vy to talk about SEC clarity, the onshore perps boom, and DeFi's opsec problem — plus why the U.S. should hack North Korea back. Thank you to our sponsor! Cape: Your biggest crypto vulnerability isn't your wallet, it's your phone number. Cape is America's privacy-first mobile carrier that rotates your SIM identity daily and blocks SIM swaps before they happen. Get 33% off your first six months at https://cape.co/unchained (use code: UNCHAINED). The hosts of DEX in the City spend every week breaking down crypto's legal fights. This time, they're the ones answering the questions. Ari Redbord, Global Head of Policy at TRM Labs, sits down with Katherine Kirkpatrick Bos, Jessi Brooks, and Vy Le for a wide-ranging conversation on where crypto's regulatory and security battles are actually headed. Vy traces her path from SEC enforcement to her case for "tech-neutral" rules: regulators should regulate outcomes, not technology. Katherine explains why DCMs have become crypto's hottest acronym, as true perps and prediction markets move onshore. And Jessi makes her push to stop calling North Korea's hacks "illicit finance" and start naming them a national security threat: Pyongyang, she notes, is funding a weapons program with stolen crypto. Ari goes further — if North Korea can steal hundreds of millions from DeFi, the U.S. should steal it back. Vy pushes back on the panic over the recent hacks: most, she argues, weren't broken smart contracts at all, just sloppy operational security. The conversation covers SEC clarity, the CFTC's moment, DeFi security, on-chain privacy, and what it really takes to keep the ecosystem safe. Host: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Ari Redbord - Global Head of Policy at TRM Labs and Host of TRM Talks Hosts: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Katherine Kirkpatrick Bos⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, General Counsel. Previously held senior legal roles across DeFi and centralized exchanges. ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Jessi Brooks⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, General Counsel at Ribbit Capital⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Vy Le⁠⁠⁠ - Co-host of DEX in the City and General Counsel of Veda Timestamps

Treasury is no longer a quiet back-office function that only gets noticed when cash runs short.In this live Treasury Career Corner panel, three senior treasury leaders explain how trust, relationships, commercial understanding, and curiosity are what truly help treasury earn influence across the business.Meet the Guests:Louise Woodroffe, Head of Treasury at Hastings DirectMike Tackley, Global Head of Treasury, Howden InsuranceJoanne McCormack, Treasury DirectorIn this live recorded episode from our Treasury Career Corner event in London, host Mike Richards is joined by:Louise Woodroffe, Head of Treasury at Hastings Direct, with previous treasury experience at Marks & Spencer, Burberry, and across mining and real estate.Mike Tackley, Global Head of Treasury, Howden Insurance, with previous experience scaling the treasury function at Chrysaor and working across treasury roles at BG Group.Joanne McCormack - An experienced treasury leader whose career has taken her through Time Warner Inc, Warner Music Group, GE Capital Real Estate, Travelport, and Interpublic Group.This episode explores what it really takes to build a successful treasury career and become a trusted voice within the wider business. The panel discusses how their careers evolved across different industries, why treasury professionals need to understand the business behind the numbers, and how strong relationships can open doors that technical skills alone cannot.The conversation also looks at the future of treasury, including the role of AI, automation, data quality, and prompt skills. While technology is becoming more important, the panel is clear that human judgement, commercial awareness, and trust remain essential.Key topics discussed:How each guest found their way into treasury through different routes and career paths.Why treasury professionals should stay open to opportunities rather than relying only on a fixed career plan.The importance of understanding the business, not just the treasury function.How treasury earns a seat at the table by building trust, protecting the business, and adding commercial value.Why relationship-building is essential when joining a new company or building a treasury function from scratch.How treasury teams can become stronger business partners across the business.The role of AI and automation in treasury.How networking, recruiters, and industry events can shape long-term career opportunities.What hiring managers really look for.Why technical qualifications such as ACT can help open doors, but behaviours and relationships often determine progression.---

Standard Chartered Bank initiated coverage of Uniswap and forecasts its UNI token could rise 40x to $100 by the end of 2030. The bank estimates tokenized assets active in DeFi will grow 37x by 2030, creating a major growth opportunity for Uniswap. Guest: Geoff Kendrick, Global Head of Digital Assets Research, Standard Chartered Bank ~This episode is sponsored by iTrust Capital~ iTrustCapital | Get $100 Funding Reward + No Monthly Fees when you sign up using our custom link! ➜ https://bit.ly/iTrustPaul 00:00 intro 00:08 Sponsor: iTrust Capital 00:34 Standard Chartered ETH vs BTC 03:01 Four Year Cycle Dead? 05:07 Bitcoin Bottomed? 06:19 Michael Saylor Selling Bitcoin 09:15 Standard Chartered Called The Top 10:17 Uniswap to $100 17:43 Equity vs Token Holder Debate 19:09 Morpho $MORPHO Fee Switch 19:52 Claynosaurz sharing equity 20:13 Top 3 Token Picks 22:40 Now Is The Time 24:40 $UNI vs $BMNR 26:22 ETF Flows Leaving Bitcoin 27:52 XRP Price Target Slashed 30:13 MiCA EU Regulation vs Market Landscape 32:48 Ethereum Upgrades Priced In? 34:42 Overrated Token =  $HYPE 35:52 outro #Crypto #XRP #Ethereum ~Standard Chartered Bank Crypto Price Targets & Top Altcoins!

As America nears its 250th birthday, our Global Head of Fixed Income Andrew Sheets looks back at the early republic as a volatile frontier market, and what its path from credit risks to durable institutions can teach investors today.Read more insights from Morgan Stanley.----- Transcript ----- Andrew Sheets: Welcome to Thoughts on the Market. I'm Andrew Sheets, Global Head of Fixed Income Research at Morgan Stanley.Today, markets are closed for the observance of 4th of July. But as America approaches its 250th anniversary, we take a look back to look forward at early America as a frontier market.It's Friday, July 3rd at 9am in Seattle.If you were a global investor at the end of the 18th century looking for a stable, low-risk home for your capital, it would have been entirely reasonable to avoid the newly minted United States of America. By the standards of modern finance, the young republic was not a developed market in waiting. It was a frontier economy: volatile, debt-burdened, institutionally fragile, resource-rich, politically combustible, and astonishingly unequal.Its currency had collapsed. Its public finances were suspect. Its citizens resisted taxation, and its growth prospects were extraordinary. In 1810, 70 percent of the country was under the age of 25.That is one of the revelations of Gordon Wood's Empire of Liberty, which focuses on the early days of the new country from 1789 to 1815.Wood's America is not the marble republic of statues and myth. It is speculative, messy, and full of motion. The United States succeeded not by escaping the dysfunctions that we associate with emerging or frontier markets, but by turning them into sources of strength.Start with capital. Early America needed it desperately. Roads, canals, land purchases, and government all required credit, and there was never enough of it. The country was rich in land and poor in liquidity, a classic emerging market mismatch.What the young country couldn't borrow or invent, it misappropriated, lifting intellectual property from its former masters in Britain. What Alexander Hamilton understood was the importance of confidence given this challenge; that debts would be honored, contracts enforced, and taxes, however unpopular, collected.His financial program was an attempt to solve the emerging market problem before the phrase existed. How to persuade investors that a new state, born in revolution and nearly bankrupted by war, could be trusted. To Hamilton, public credit was the foundation of independence.To many Jeffersonians, however, this system looked like an attempt to smuggle a British financial order back into the country that had just fought to expel it.The early republic's debates over debt, banks, speculation, and taxation sound contemporary because the underlying question is perennial in frontier markets: Can a society embrace credit and foreign capital without being captured by it?The U.S. was not starting from zero. It inherited legal traditions, habits of self-government, and a culture of contract and property. Those foundations gave confidence that disputes could be adjudicated, debts pursued, and rules would not be arbitrary.Early America was risky, but it was not lawless. And still, it did not go smoothly. There was no Federal Reserve, FDIC, or even a uniform national currency. Business was conducted with foreign coins, notes issued by private banks, IOUs, and blind optimism.Bank failures were common. In 1808, the Farmers Exchange Bank of Rhode Island issued over $600,000 of notes against less than $90 of gold in its vaults. You almost have to admire the audacity.Yet the same instability that made early America risky also made it unusually open. Land was the country's great asset class, a source of migration, ambition, speculation, and opportunity, at least for white settlers. It also produced bubbles, administrative strain, the expansion of slavery, and the violent dispossession of Native peoples.The Louisiana Purchase in 1803 was a risky, leveraged acquisition of distressed real estate, doubling the scale of the American experiment before anyone had quite figured out how the original version was supposed to work. Wood is especially good on the familiar energy unleashed by this world.The engine of U.S. growth was not an aristocracy of polished grandees, but the "middling sort." Shopkeepers, artisans, tavern owners, mechanics, farmers, merchants, and speculators – many convinced that in America, birthright mattered less than hustle.Commentators of the time complained about the degraded press, political polarization, hostility to expertise, and the vulgarity of a society obsessed with getting ahead. None of this sounds especially distant.What saved America from the usual traps of frontier economies was not immaculate stability. It was adaptability. Its constitution was amended. Political power changed hands despite animosity.Bankruptcy laws allowed for failure. Competition was ferocious, and economic power was generally too diffuse to be easily monopolized. The early republic's genius lay less in solving its contradictions than in creating ways to fight over them without destroying the whole.That is a useful lesson for America at 250. We tend to look backwards for reassurance, imagining that the country once possessed a unity, prudence, and institutional solidity that we have since lost. Wood suggests something different, that the United States was turbulent from the start.Its legacy was contested, its finances distrusted, its politics venomous, its expansion intertwined with slavery and Native dispossession, and its future uncertain. Emerging markets become developed markets not because they stop having crises, but because they build credibility through them. They learn which institutions matter, which bargains endure, which debts must be paid, and which moral liabilities compound when deferred.America was not born orderly, rich, or secure. It was born in the mud, financed on fragile credit, driven by speculation, and sustained by an almost irrational confidence in the future.So, enjoy the fireworks – and let them be a reminder that national maturity is not the absence of volatility. It's the capacity to turn that volatility into renewal.A postscript: Gordon S. Wood died in early June of this year. As a professor, author, and one of the preeminent scholars of the American Revolution, he brought fresh insight and deep humanization to the country's founding. For anyone looking for a better understanding of America as it celebrates a big anniversary, we'd wholeheartedly recommend his workThank you, as always, for your time. If you find Thoughts on the Market useful, let us know by leaving a review wherever you listen and also tell a friend or colleague about us today.

Following meetings across Europe and Asia, our Global Head of Cross-Asset Strategy Research, Serena Tang, discusses two of the main themes on investors' minds: uncertainty around U.S. monetary policy and increasing caution toward AI despite its long-term potential.Serena Tang: Welcome to Thoughts on the Market. I'm Serena Tang, Global Head of Cross-Asset Strategy Research at Morgan Stanley.And today, I'm bringing you a debrief from my investor meetings across Europe and Asia, and the key debates around AI and the Fed.It's Thursday, July 2nd at 10am in New York.The last two weeks, I have been traveling in Europe and Asia to meet with investors to discuss Morgan Stanley's latest views. Two themes dominated nearly every room I walked into.The first is the Federal Reserve and monetary policy path in the U.S. Many investors had interpreted Chair Kevin Warsh's June FOMC meeting, his first at the helm, as unambiguously hawkish. What market investors at my meetings pointed out is that [the] Fed's Summary of Economic Projections – commonly shortened to SEP, which details policymakers' forecasts for macro metrics like GDP growth, inflation, and the federal funds rate – added a hike in 2026 and pushed out rate cuts, implying more restrictive policy.Now, Morgan Stanley's economists think that hikes implied by SEP at the June FOMC meeting should be interpreted with caution. The projections appeared conditioned on elevated near-term inflation and may not capture the disinflation from a straight reopening. We actually anticipate a lower path for core inflation given a combination of a reversal in travel-related inflation and tariff payback, which lead to our call that the Fed remains on hold through 2026.The second recurring theme in meetings with investors across regions is, unsurprisingly, AI. While in every single meeting investors believe firmly in the secular story of ongoing AI CapEx cycle, there was some unease – especially since AI is now also becoming an inflation story on the macro side and a funding story on the micro side.Chipflation is a new word in town, with markets still debating whether it can be one of the things that derail the AI CapEx cycle. In our economists' and sector analysts' views, it's more nuanced. While memory price is up sixfold over the past year, we think chipflation is more likely to reprice and ration AI infrastructure than derail the cycle. AI demand is scaling across three layers at once, more memory per chip, more chips per system, and more systems per cluster, while hyperscalers remain first in the allocation queue. Now, the key risk is CapEx efficiency. Memory is becoming a larger share of the AI system cost, but the cycle, we think, remains intact.As for AI funding needs, the debate with investors has been how much more can it accelerate? It's worth noting that the majority of corporate bond issuance quarter-to-date has been related to funding construction of data centers.Hyperscale's have been broadening their investor base through non-dollar issuances. They have collectively issued around $25 billion of debt in other currencies like euro, Swiss franc, and the [Japanese yen] in May.Our credit strategy colleagues forecast nearly another $600 billion of AI-related global issuance in 2026; meaning for U.S. IG corporate bonds alone, we expect one trillion of net issuance, a reason for our view that the asset class can underperform this year. With our equity colleagues estimating hyperscaler cash CapEx to surpass $1 trillion in 2027, we expect issuance to accelerate.Bringing it all together, investors globally are all grappling with the same uncertainties around the Fed and AI CapEx, which will likely continue to be key debates to come. But Morgan Stanley's base case view of lower inflation driving the Fed to stay on hold and a strong AI CapEx cycle that remains intact means we recommend investors should still stay constructive on risk assets.Thanks for listening. Let us know what you think by leaving a review. And if you enjoyed the podcast, please share Thoughts on the Market with a friend or colleague today.

Welcome back to the WHOOP Podcast How To Series! This week, Global Head of Human Performance Principal Scientist Dr. Kristen Holmes sits down with double-board certified physician, nutritionist, and gut health expert Dr. Amy Shah to teach you how to fix your gut through nutrition and lifestyle behaviors. Gut health is essential for energy, recovery, and immunity, making it a critical component for overall health and longevity. Dr. Shah reveals the powerful connection between gut health, hormones, and brain function, along with the tools and framework you need to impact your overall performance. The conversation dives into science-backed strategies to help optimize your health from the inside out. From fiber intake to morning sunlight, meal-timing, and movement, this episode will teach you how to fix your gut health in a matter of days.(01:01) Introducing Dr. Amy Shah, Gut Health Expert(02:56) Dr. Shah's Career: (10:43) What Is The Gut-Brain Connection?(15:21) Where To Start When You Experience Low Energy(21:07) Exclusive Offer For WHOOP Podcast Listeners(21:40) The Universal Rules of Gut Health(24:36) The 30-30-3 Diet: The Nutrition Guide For Your Gut(30:18) Exercise's Influence on Gut Health(35:11) Fiber: The Secret Ingredient To Longevity(37:23) How The Gut Helps Hormone Regulation(38:14) Protecting The Immune System(43:17) Refer A Friend To WHOOP(43:54) Reducing Inflammation (And How WHOOP Coach Can Help)(46:03) The Impact of Alcohol on Gut and Brain Inflammation(50:17) Can Spending Time In Nature Improve Longevity?(53:37) Does Food Timing Really Matter For Overall Health?(01:04:07) WHOOP Advanced Labs(01:04:42) Do GLP-1s Impact The Gut?(01:09:53) Intermittent Fasting: Online Fad or Recommended Path to Wellness(01:16:43) Where To Start: Dr. Shah's Best Advice For Regulating Your Gut(01:18:05) Thanks For Listening!  Follow Dr. ShahInstagramTikTokWebsiteSupport the showFollow WHOOP:Sign up for WHOOP Advanced LabsTrial WHOOP for Freewww.whoop.comInstagramTikTokYouTubeXFacebookLinkedInFollow Will Ahmed:InstagramXLinkedInFollow Kristen Holmes:InstagramLinkedInFollow Emily Capodilupo:LinkedIn 

Aymeric Poizot, Global Head of Investor Development at Fitch Ratings, is joined by Chief Economist Brian Coulton to examine what Kevin Warsh's arrival as Fed Chair means for monetary policy and markets.They explore Warsh's more hawkish tone, his focus on Fed communications and balance sheet reduction, and his push to restore credibility on inflation. The conversation also breaks down the latest rate decision and what falling oil prices and persistent inflation could mean for the odds of a hike later this year and the impact on Treasury yields and credit markets.

The numbers are in — and they're bigger than anyone expected. WPP Media's President of Global Business Intelligence, Kate Scott-Dawkins, breaks down the This Year Next Year 2026 Global Midyear Forecast, and the headline says it all: global advertising revenue is now projected to grow 8.9% to $1.3 trillion by year's end — a significant upward revision from December's 7.1% forecast.So what's driving the surge? In short: AI. An investment cycle of historic scale is proving remarkably resilient in the face of armed conflict in the Middle East, elevated oil prices, and deepening geopolitical fragmentation. From AI-native companies flooding the ad market to traditional advertisers deploying AI to sharpen efficiency, the technology is rewriting the economics of the industry in real time.In this episode, we unpack what the midyear data really means for marketers:Global ad revenue has hit its highest share of GDP since 1999 — outpacing even the dot-com peak, but this time built on performance, not speculationGenerative Search is on track to be the fastest-scaling ad channel ever recorded — from 5.1Bin2026toover5.1Bin2026toover100 billion by 2030Market power is increasingly concentrated: Alphabet, Meta, and Amazon alone control 57.6% of the global market outside ChinaContent-driven advertising reaches $720.2 billion — but the story beneath the headline is uneven, with streaming, social, and gaming surging while linear TV and audio plateauAsia-based advertisers are emerging as a powerful global growth engine as they seek international expansion amid soft domestic demandKate is joined by Katie English, Global Head of Ad Product at Spotify, who brings a front-row perspective on how these sweeping industry shifts are playing out on one of the world's biggest streaming platforms.Learn more about TYNY Midyear 2026 here: https://www.wppmedia.com/news/report-this-year-next-year-midyear-2026?utm_source=podcast

In this episode, Steve Brice sits down with Mike Tan (Global Head of Wealth Planning and Family Advisory at Standard Chartered Global Private Bank) to dive into why proactive succession planning is critical for family-owned businesses. They discuss the importance of governance, leadership development and family communication in supporting a smooth transition and preserving wealth across generations. Read the accompanying report to find out more: https://av.sc.com/corp-en/nr/content/docs/wm-thematic-report-family-business-succession-and-governance-privatebank-29-june-2026.pdf Speaker:   - Steve Brice, Global Chief Investment Officer, Standard Chartered Bank  - Mike Tan, Global Head of Wealth Planning and Family Advisory, Standard Chartered Global Private BankFor more of our latest market insights, visit Market views on-the-go or subscribe to Standard Chartered Wealth Insights on YouTube.

What can the world of animal health teach us about the future of biotech innovation, vaccine development, and global healthcare?In this episode, Elaine Hamm, PhD, sits down with Patrik Erlmann, PhD, Global Head of Biological Development in Animal Health at Boehringer Ingelheim, to explore the role of drug development in animal health. Drawing from his experience in startups, human pharmaceuticals, and now animal health, Patrik shares how biologics are transforming veterinary medicine, why developing therapies for animals requires a different mindset, and where opportunities exist for researchers, startups, and academic innovators.In this episode, you'll discover:How animal health development differs from human pharmaceuticals and where the two industries overlap.Why vaccines and biologics are becoming increasingly important for improving animal health while combating antimicrobial resistance.What startups, universities, and technology transfer offices should know when developing innovations for the animal health market.Tune in to discover why animal health is becoming one of biotech's most exciting areas of innovation, and how breakthroughs in veterinary medicine can create benefits that extend far beyond the farm and the clinic.Links:Connect with Patrik Erlmann, PhD, and learn about Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health.Connect with Elaine Hamm, PhD, and learn about Tulane Medicine Business Development and the School of Medicine.Connect with Ian McLachlan, BIO from the BAYOU producer.Learn more about BIO from the BAYOU - the podcast. Bio from the Bayou is a podcast that explores biotech innovation, business development, and healthcare outcomes in New Orleans & The Gulf South, connecting biotech companies, investors, and key opinion leaders to advance medicine, technology, and startup opportunities in the region.

Carrie Galloway is a Managing Director and Head of the Carolinas for JPMorgan Private Bank, who began her career as a tax associate at the Firm. In this “Where Are They Now?” episode of On Tax, Carrie returns to talk with Cravath partner and host Len Teti about her career since she last appeared on the show as a Managing Director and the Global Head of Advice Lab for JPMorgan in Season 3. They also discuss what Carrie most enjoys about her new role and how the willingness to revise one's career plan can open up unexpected opportunities. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode, I'm joined by my good friend Oliver Gelles, Global Head of Communications at DentalMonitoring and one of the most respected minds in orthodontics when it comes to industry trends, technology, and practice growth. We have an honest conversation about why so many orthodontists struggle to implement innovation, how demographic shifts are changing the future of our profession, and why simply "dabbling" in technology is often more expensive than fully committing to it.Whether you're feeling stuck, dealing with staffing challenges, or wondering how to grow in a changing market, this episode will challenge the way you think about your practice and give you practical strategies to future-proof your business.

On this episode of CoinDesk's Public Keys from the New York Stock Exchange, host Jennifer Sanasie is joined by CoinDesk Indices and Data to break down nearly $1.8 billion in weekly Bitcoin ETF outflows, Strategy's new capital plan, and whether the digital asset treasury narrative is back. SharpLink CEO Joseph Chalom joins to unpack the Ethereum Foundation's funding crisis, the launch of ETHlabs, and the company's $75 million raise, as he makes the case for an institutional supercycle in ETH. In this week's 10X, Kaizen founder Brian Jung breaks down his MicroStrategy short. Moody's Ratings Managing Director and Global Head of Digital Economy Fabian Astic explains how the firm is embedding credit ratings into tokenized securities on Solana and unveils the first-ever credit rating methodology for stablecoins. Plus, Midnight Foundation President Fahmi Syed details the partnership with Bank of England-regulated Monument Bank and why privacy is becoming the missing piece for institutional adoption. - This episode of Public Keys is brought to you by Kraken Pro. For more: https://pro.kraken.com/ - Learn more at https://www.bullish.com/. - To get market moving news delivered daily, download CoinDesk's mobile app: https://linktr.ee/coindeskapp. - Timecodes: 00:00 Welcome to Public Keys 00:52 BTC ETFs See $1.8B in Weekly Outflows 02:57 Strategy's Capital Plan and Bitcoin's Week 04:12 Is the Digital Asset Treasury Narrative Back? 06:37 Ethereum Foundation Departures and ETHlabs 07:06 SharpLink CEO Joseph Chalom Joins 08:15 Ethereum's Funding Crisis and the ETH Bull Case 10:25 Inside SharpLink's $75M Raise 13:36 ETH's Institutional Super Cycle and Price Outlook 15:19 Will the Clarity Act Pass This Year? 17:45 10X: Brian Jung's Strategy Short 19:16 Moody's Ratings Brings Credit Ratings On-Chain 19:46 Fabian Astic on the First Stablecoin Credit Rating 21:36 Do Stablecoins Need Ratings After the Genius Act? 23:17 Why launch token ratings on Solana and Canton first? 25:36 Collateral Mobility and $255T in Trapped Liquidity 28:46 Is Privacy the Missing Piece for Institutions? 29:02 Midnight's Fahmi Syed on the Monument Bank Deal 33:46 The Collateral Warehouse and Global Expansion 36:38 Thanks for Watching

AI offers a genuine opportunity to reinvent talent acquisition, but not many employers have gone beyond targeting incremental improvements in speed and efficiency. The ones who are truly using AI to be transformational are doing something fundamentally different. It takes a real commitment to experimentation, a clear definition of what AI fluency means, and a willingness to redesign hiring from scratch.  So what does that shift actually look like in practice? My guest this week is Tracy St. Dic, Global Head of Talent at Zapier, where going AI-native is a company-wide mission. In our conversation, Tracy shares how Zapier is redefining AI fluency, redesigning the hiring process from the ground up, and rethinking what the recruiter role looks like in an AI native world. In the interview, we discuss: What is an AI Native company? The difference between AI adoption and AI transformation What is AI fluency? A mindset of experimentation, curiosity, and discernment Upskilling the TA Team Psychological safety and protected time The impact of implementing an AI interviewer and the diminishing importance of the resume Fraud versus cheating versus just using the available tools What is true transformation in recruiting, and what does the future look like Follow this podcast on Apple Podcasts. Follow this podcast on Spotify

Scott Monty, leadership advisor, communication strategist, keynote speaker, storyteller, and host of the Timeless Leadership podcast, joins me on this episode. Scott is the former Global Head of Social Media and Digital Communications at Ford Motor Company, where he helped lead some of the most groundbreaking digital communication and marketing initiatives of the early social media era. He has advised organizations including Ford, IBM, Walmart, Google, and Reebok, and has been recognized by The Economist as one of the world's leading social business thinkers. In this conversation, Scott shares lessons from his career journey, insights from working alongside legendary Ford CEO Alan Mulally, and why timeless leadership principles such as humility, reflection, communication, and servant leadership are more important than ever.

When farmers think about improving performance, they typically focus on genetics, nutrition, reproduction, or ventilation. Lighting rarely makes the list.But what if one of the most overlooked management tools on a farm is also one of the most influential?In this episode of the AgCulture Podcast, Paul sits down with Pieter Hanssen, Global Head of Dairy & Business Development at HATO Lighting, to explore how lighting affects animal behavior, welfare, and performance across livestock systems. Drawing from decades of experience in poultry and livestock facilities around the world, Pieter explains why light should be viewed as a critical part of the animal's environment—not simply a tool that helps people see.The conversation explores circadian rhythms, animal behavior, environmental management, and lessons learned from over 50,000 livestock lighting installations globally. Pieter shares how HATO built its reputation in the poultry industry and why those lessons are now being applied to dairy, swine, and other livestock sectors.If you've never thought of lighting as a management tool, this episode may completely change how you look at your barns.MEET THE GUESTPieter HanssenPieter Hanssen serves as Global Head of Dairy & Business Development for Europe, the United States, and Canada at HATO Lighting, one of the world's leading livestock lighting companies.Originally from the Netherlands, Pieter began his career as an electrician before entering the livestock industry in 2018. His experience spans poultry, dairy, swine, and other livestock sectors across Europe, North America, South Africa, and beyond.At HATO, Pieter works directly with producers, nutritionists, veterinarians, researchers, and industry leaders to better understand how lighting influences animal welfare, behavior, and performance. His work focuses on helping producers leverage lighting as a management tool rather than simply an infrastructure component.Drawing on decades of poultry industry experience and more than 50,000 livestock lighting installations worldwide, Pieter is helping bring precision lighting concepts into new sectors such as dairy and swine production.ABOUT THE PODCASTDiscover the world of agriculture with the "Ag Culture Podcast".This podcast will be a gateway for those passionate about agriculture to explore its global perspectives and innovative practices.Join Paul as he shares his experiences in the agricultural industry, his travels, and encounters with important figures around the world.Available on YouTube, Spotify, and Apple Podcasts.Subscribe at http://www.agculturepodcast.com and keep an eye out for future episodes, bringing insights and stories from the vibrant world of agriculture.

In his first meeting as Fed Chair, Kevin Warsh signaled restraint in providing guidance. Our Global Head of Fixed Income Research Andrew Sheets looks at possible impacts of the new approach.Read more insights from Morgan Stanley.----- Transcript -----Andrew Sheets: Welcome to Thoughts on the Market. I'm Andrew Sheets, Global Head of Fixed Income Research at Morgan Stanley. Today, why the Fed could do less than expected and why that could still lead to more volatility. It's Wednesday, June 24th at 2pm in London. Last week saw the first meeting of the Federal Reserve under its new chair, Kevin Warsh. It didn't disappoint. The Fed's Summary of Economic Projections saw significantly higher inflation than the last iteration in March, and in turn, a much stronger case to raise interest rates, perhaps multiple times. The Fed's statement, which laid out its views around the economy and its reasons for action, was changed dramatically – and also significantly shortened. We don't think the Fed will ultimately follow through on the interest rate rises that were flagged in this meeting and will choose instead to remain on hold this year. But we think this scenario of them staying on hold can still lead to more volatility. I'll try to address each side of this apparent contradiction. First, the Fed is clearly worried about inflation, which has been elevated for a considerable period of time. But working through the numbers, Morgan Stanley economists forecast lower inflation over the rest of this year than the Fed now expects. And so, while we think it would be entirely reasonable for the Fed to expect to raise interest rates based on the high inflation that they have penciled in, we think they could reach a different conclusion if our lower estimates are ultimately correct. Supporting our case, at least in our view, is that energy prices have fallen significantly in recent weeks since some of these Fed forecasts were set, as markets have moved to believe not only would existing oil production resume in the Persian Gulf, but Iran could increase exports materially under its new agreement with the United States. That would greatly reduce a source of underlying inflationary pressure in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. With inflation set to come in lower than feared, we think the Fed's most natural option will be to remain on hold this year rather than raise rates. But if the Fed's not doing anything, how exactly is that going to drive volatility? Our answer to that question lies in another thing that it's not going to be doing – providing as much information about where it thinks monetary policy is going next. Indeed, since the financial crisis, the Fed often went out of its way to give so-called forward guidance and significant detail about when and how they may change policy in the future. Proponents saw this as a way to avoid surprises and smooth the transmission of this policy, but critics saw it as limiting and potentially giving markets a false sense of certainty. The new Fed chair, Kevin Warsh, is one of these critics and has promised to give a lot less forward guidance. That lack of handholding by the Fed about what they might do next is a big change. Coupled with the potential for a smaller Fed balance sheet and big questions around the path of inflation and the impact of AI and productivity, every data point now has more potential to shift the market's thinking. My strategy colleagues think that this will lead to higher volatility in two-year interest rates, as well as more volatility in currencies. I'd also note that here in the UK, this paradox is not nearly as puzzling. Here, the Bank of England's target rate has been the same level since mid-December. But that hasn't stopped the UK two-year bond yield from trading in an over 100 basis point range. Thank you, as always, for your time. If you find Thoughts on the Market useful, let us know by leaving a review wherever you listen. And also tell a friend or colleague about us today.

Canada's sustainable finance market is at a turning point, and scaling capital, enabling Indigenous participation, and innovating new instruments will determine how effectively the transition is financed. This episode of Sustainability Leaders explores that shift through a panel discussion from the BMO Government, Reserve & Asset Managers Conference, moderated by John Uhren, Global Head of Sustainable Finance at BMO Capital Markets. The expert panel included in alphabetical order of their last names: Madeline Bélanger-Trottier, Advisor, Debt Management, Financial Sector Policy Branch, Department of Finance, Canada; James Byra, Managing Director, Finance and Investments, First Nations Finance Authority; Jonathan Lapointe, Vice President, Business Development, AlphaFixe Capital; Elizabeth Wallace, Senior Manager, Funding, Ontario Financing Authority. Together, they set the stage for a forward‑looking conversation on how market dynamics, policy development and investor expectations are reshaping sustainable finance in Canada. Visit BMO for more thought leadership from John Uhren: https://capitalmarkets.bmo.com/en/our-bankers/john-uhren/

SharkNinja has rewritten the modern commerce playbook by embedding a "threshold of virality" directly into pre-product development and abandoning rigid, weekly campaign reviews for hourly optimization. Global Head of Media Dave Kersey shares how this social-first, digital-only approach skyrocketed the brand to the top of TikTok Shop ecosystems globally while establishing a hyper-transparent, API-driven model for agency partnerships. Key Highlights

Corporate sustainability strategy is becoming a profit driver as AI, decarbonization, and resilience converge. Eva Riesenhuber, Global Head of Sustainability at Siemens AG and a 2025 TIME100 Climate honoree, joins Siemens USA President and CEO Ann Fairchild to unpack how corporate sustainability strategy is changing inside large organizations. They explain why decarbonization, climate resilience, and digital transformation are now reinforcing each other, and how industrial AI is reshaping what is possible at scale.  Drawing on examples from industry, infrastructure, and mobility, Eva and Ann discuss why the cost of inaction is no longer theoretical. They explore how a modern corporate sustainability strategy can cut emissions, support circular operations, and strengthen systems, while still delivering measurable business value. Key takeaways: How corporate sustainability strategy is moving from ESG reporting to operational decision-making Where decarbonization and net-zero by 2030 efforts are creating real financial upside How companies are balancing industrial AI's energy use with sustainability gains Why resilience, from grids to supply chains, is central to corporate sustainability strategy What leaders need to prioritize as the energy transition accelerates toward 2030 For CEOs, operators, and sustainability leaders, this episode offers a clear view of where corporate sustainability strategy is headed and why long-term bets are paying off. Show notes Sustainability at Siemens

It was a pleasure to host a discussion with Samir Patel, Global Head of Global Market Sales at Nomura Securities International, on leadership, client strategy, and the evolution of institutional markets businesses in an environment defined by constant change.   The conversation emphasizes how institutional client relationships have evolved over time. Samir explains why clients increasingly seek counterparties with differentiated strengths rather than broad-based coverage across every product area. He discusses how Nomura has focused on areas where the firm can leverage structural advantages, including solutions-oriented financing and strategies tied to concentrated equity positions.   We also explore the growing importance of alignment across sales, trading, structuring, legal, compliance, and risk management. Samir outlines how cross-functional coordination and global product integration are critical as markets and client needs grow more interconnected. The discussion also covers recruiting, mentorship, and talent development. Here, Samir reflects on the apprenticeship culture within markets businesses and the importance of curiosity, adaptability, and long-term passion for financial markets in developing younger professionals.   A major theme throughout the episode is technology and AI. Samir discusses how automation and AI-driven tools are increasingly being applied across onboarding, structured products, workflow management, and client analytics, while also reshaping how firms think about productivity and scalability.   We close with thoughts on market structure, global connectivity, competitive dynamics, and the importance of maintaining flexibility in a rapidly evolving financial ecosystem.   I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Samir Patel.

Our Global Head of Macro Strategy Matthew Hornbach and our Chief U.S. Economist Michael Gapen discuss the signals investors will be seeking from the new Fed Chair leading his first monetary policy meeting and possible implications for markets.Read more insights from Morgan Stanley.----- Transcript -----Matthew Hornbach: Welcome to Thoughts on the Market. I'm Matthew Hornbach, Global Head of Macro Strategy. Michael Gapen: And I'm Michael Gapen, Morgan Stanley's Chief U.S. Economist. Matthew Hornbach: Today, markets are watching the Fed's next move. Are rate cuts delayed or could hikes possibly be back on the table? It's Tuesday, June 16th at 8:30am in New York. So, Mike, the FOMC meeting today and tomorrow is likely more about reading the signal rather than announcing a rate change. Markets will focus on inflation forecasts, the unemployment rate, and the growth outlook. But, of course, this will also be the first meeting after Powell ended his term as Fed chair in May. All eyes will be on Warsh. So, what are your thoughts before the press conference? Michael Gapen: A lot of thoughts, actually, before the press conference. I do think it's basically a foregone conclusion that the Fed will be changing its easing bias in favor of more neutral language. Seems clear the committee wants to do that, probably wanted to do that at the last meeting. And it does fit, I think, Warsh's preference for less communication, less guidance from the Fed. So, I do think that's largely a foregone conclusion, although obviously we need to see whether that happens and whether there are dissents. I think, as you noted, the forecasts will be important, but I think what's really important from my perspective – more than the modal outlook or the baseline that participants have – is their assessment of the balance of risks around the dual mandate. And I say that because obviously a year ago, the Fed eased policy when it felt that there were downside risks to the labor market that outweighed upside risk to inflation. This year, that seems to have flipped, where the labor market appears to have stabilized, labor demand has picked up a little bit, and it is inflation that looks persistent. So, if the Fed cut last year on downside risk to the labor market, I think the concern for markets is – maybe they hike in 2027 or later this year based on a changing balance of risks in the direction of firmer inflation. So, for me, that's really kind of key. In addition to what they're saying about growth inflation in the labor market, what is their assessment of the distribution of risks around that modal forecast? Matthew Hornbach: There's definitely going to be a lot of investor interest in the press conference itself. What exactly may result from the opening statement. Presumably, Chair Warsh will give an opening statement. How are you thinking about the back and forth between Warsh and the reporters that are asking questions? Are there certain questions that you would anticipate him getting asked, and how do you think he might respond? Michael Gapen: Well, I think certainly that if we are correct, and I think markets are correct, that they do change forward guidance in the statement to more neutral bias, that certainly opens up the possibility that the Fed will be hiking. So, the obvious first question is – is this the first step in the direction of hiking? What would get you to raise rates? Should investors be thinking about that? Is that the course of travel here? Now Warsh may not want to answer that if he, kind of, is consistent in the view of saying the Fed shouldn't give a lot of forward guidance. So maybe get some popcorn, Matt. It could be a situation where he gets asked questions about the future path of monetary policy, and maybe he decides, ‘I don't want to take that up right now. The data will tell us, and we'll do what's necessary.' And second, I think as you're noting and getting to about the structure of the press conference and what he might say is; past Federal Reserve chairs, let's say from Bernanke on, have found the press conference – the press conference statement, the questions, the format, the venue – as a way to control the narrative. And I think what will be interesting is to see whether Warsh has the same design. The risk, of course, is perhaps that he doesn't and pulls back the amount of communication guidance that he wants to give. And then we'll see what fills that vacuum. What narrative fills that vacuum? And is he okay with that? So, it may be that there's a new sheriff in town, and he chooses that there's some questions I'll answer, others I won't. And so, I do think that interaction with the press corps will be interesting. Hard to know exactly where it's going to come down until we see it in real time. Matthew Hornbach: During Chair Warsh's testimony to Congress, he alluded to the idea that potentially the Fed may not do a press conference at every meeting going forward. How are you thinking about that in the context of this idea that if you leave a void, somebody else may fill it? Michael Gapen: Obviously, the Fed used to not have press conferences at all, and then they moved to having them quarterly or four times a year. And they found that that was a little suboptimal because it became harder to make decisions and changes in the off-press conference meetings [be]cause they didn't have a venue to explain what they were doing and what they were thinking. So, they migrated to eight meetings. So, I think it's kind of twofold. Yes, it would mean that they speak less and therefore maybe their word doesn't carry as much weight. Or there's longer gaps for other narratives to come in. Like, do we lose forward guidance from the Fed, and is that replaced by forward guidance from the Treasury, for example? How do markets weigh those signals? And but then also I would say would that ultimately box in the Fed to only make decisions on quarterly meetings rather than eight times a year? Would the chair, for example… Let's assume that at some point in the future, the Fed decides it does want to raise interest rates. Historically, the Fed does not surprise on rate hikes. It's perfectly willing to surprise on rate cuts, when it comes to that. But if there is a world where the Fed does decide, ‘Hey, we do need to raise rates, but we don't have a press conference to explain our view.' Would they take the decision at that meeting or would they wait? So, does it reduce their opportunity set? Matthew Hornbach: I think this issue would certainly be an interesting one for investors to think about, which is why I'm bringing it up with you. Because to the extent that the plan going forward is to hold a press conference only once a quarter, as you alluded to – investors may interpret that as the Fed not being willing to raise rates at every single meeting going forward, which would certainly affect the pricing in the very short end of the interest rate market. But more broadly, on communication strategy, do you think that that would be something that Chair Warsh would take upon himself? Or do you think it would be more likely for him to organize a committee to discuss communications? Michael Gapen: I think the right thing to do… Again, our job is to say what we think he will do – not what he should do. But I'm going to answer this one in the question of what I think he should do. I do think he should create, say, a subcommittee on communication and reevaluate what the Fed does. [Be]ause as chair, he has almost unilateral control over communications. But obviously you work within a committee, the committee operates with consensus. So, I do think it would make sense to, kind of, work through a committee and try and get as much consensus as you can. And, here, what I would hope where they, kind of, ultimately land is – Warsh has been critical in the past of the Fed's forecast, the forecast being incorrect, providing maybe incorrect forward guidance. And I would argue that it's not really the sole job of the SEPs – the Summary of Economic Projections – to provide a forecast. But what you get out of them is more than just a forecast. You get a hint of the committee's reaction function. That if data are above or below certain thresholds on growth, inflation, and unemplyment, then expect our policy path to look different. So, is there a way that he could review the communication strategy, tamp down the elements that are, say, a pure forecast, but keep the items that communicate to the market what a reaction function is? That's where I think a review committee could be useful in reforming or revamping what they do. Matthew Hornbach: Absolutely. In terms of the things that are really the purview of the committee, can you walk us through what those are in the context of Chair Warsh coming in having to ultimately make decisions on monetary policy – both interest rate policy as well as balance sheet policy? What are the purview of the committee itself? Michael Gapen: Yeah. The two main tools of monetary policy, in this case interest rate policy and balance sheet policy, is both of those are under the purview of the Federal Open Market Committee. So, to change interest rates, to reduce the size of the balance sheet, to change the rollover rate, to buy assets, to sell assets – all of that is an FOMC decision. There are subcomponents of that world where the board can make certain decisions. Now, the Fed views communication broadly as a tool, but in this case, communication is not an FOMC decision. The evolution of the communication strategy grew kind of organically out of '08, '09. Chairman Bernanke kind of started that process. It continued through, through Yellen. And that's been more of what I'll call a consensus operation, but there's no formal vote. So, the chair has a lot of control over how the Fed communicates, how often it communicates. But the policy decisions are from the FOMC. Matthew Hornbach: I'm often asked about this idea that less communication may end up affecting the bond market in certain ways. And typically, the concern amongst investors is that with less communication from the Fed – whether it be the chair or whether it be from the committee as a whole through the Summary of Economic Projections and its interest rate dot plot – there's concern amongst investors that removing that type of guidance would raise bond yields, essentially through the term premium component of the term structure. And the way that we think about it is probably in this environment where interest rates have already been inching higher, and investors are concerned about the hiking cycle that may eventuate, it probably would raise term premia initially. But from a more medium-term perspective, the way I think about it is that, you know, term premia can be positive, it can also be negative. And if we have less forward guidance, I would generally expect that term premium component to be more volatile than it has been in the past. Not necessarily just in the upward direction. But it could also be in the downward direction if the macro environment ends up changing in some way. Michael Gapen: Yeah, I could see in the current context, the inflation surprises have been to the upside, so less communication may mean more term premium. But we went through almost a decade after '08, '09, where most of those surprises were to the downside. So, you can imagine that it could be a symmetric story rather than an asymmetric one. Matthew Hornbach: Absolutely. Well, thanks Mike. That's very interesting, and thanks for taking the time to talk ahead of this upcoming FOMC meeting. I'm looking forward to our next discussion around the following FOMC meeting. Michael Gapen: Great speaking with you, Matt. Matthew Hornbach: And thanks for listening. If you enjoy Thoughts on the Market, please leave us a review wherever you listen and share the podcast with a friend or colleague today.

Inside BlackRock's newest bitcoin ETF, BITA. Global Head of Digital Assets at BlackRock, Robert Mitchnick breaks down the launch of the firm's newest bitcoin ETF, the Bitcoin Premium Income Fund (BITA). He tells CoinDesk's Jennifer Sanasie why the covered call strategy targets a high-teens income yield, which investors this product appeals to, and more. - Timecodes: 00:00 - BlackRock's BITA Opens for Trade 00:20 - Why BITA Is the Right Next Evolution for Bitcoin's Funds 01:10 - Staking vs. Covered Call Yield 01:48 - Who Is the Target Investor? 02:36 - In What Market Could BITA Outperform IBIT? - This episode was hosted by Jennifer Sanasie.