Podcast appearances and mentions of david snowden

Happy holidays to all the listeners of The Standard Sportsman podcast. For this week's episode, we've pulled two conversations out of past episodes with David Snowden and Perrin Partee. David explains the rationale behind reducing the mallard hen limit to one while Perrin discusses habitat and the bounceback of the mallard population from Canada to Louisiana. Thanks for taking time to listen to the show during this time with family and friends and best of luck the rest of the season. As always, we appreciate our sponsors Tom Beckbe, Lile Real Estate, Sitka Gear, KC Laser, Purina Pro Plan, Greenhead: The Arkansas Duck Hunting Magazine, Perfect Limit Outdoors and Ducks Unlimited. Send us a textAll Rights Reserved. Please subscribe, rate and share The Standard Sportsman podcast.

 This episode of the TTL podcast features Douglas Squirrel, an expert in making tech teams insanely profitable. The discussion delves into David Snowden's Cynefin framework and the concept of entangled trios for navigating complex situations by leveraging diverse perspectives. Mon-Chaio, Andy, and Squirrel cover various tactics for tech leadership, including encouraging exploration within product design and the importance of external communication for generating novel ideas. By drawing parallels with historical explorations like Lewis and Clark's expedition and examining modern examples like Roblox and LEGO, the episode elucidates ways in which tech leaders can foster an environment of innovation and experimentation within their teams. Squirrel​ has been coding for forty years and has led software teams for twenty. He uses the power of conversations to create dramatic productivity gains in technology organisations of all sizes. Squirrel's experience includes growing software teams as a CTO in startups from fintech to biotech to music, and everything in between; consulting on product improvement at over 200 organisations in the UK, US, Australia, Africa, and Europe; and coaching a wide variety of leaders in improving their conversations, aligning to business goals, and creating productive conflict. He lives in Frogholt, England, in a timber-framed cottage built in the year 1450. References Cynefin - https://thecynefin.co/about-us/about-cynefin-framework/ Entangled Trios - https://cynefin.io/wiki/Entangled_trios Team-Level Predictors of Innovation at Work - https://www.academia.edu/download/46061879/Team-Level_Predictors_of_Innovation_at_W20160530-14486-zu1o8i.pdf Ethnic Diversity and Creativity in Small Groups - https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/68515/10.1177_1046496496272003.pdf Decision Point - https://www.nps.gov/places/decision-point.htm Roblox - https://www.roblox.com/ --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/tactics-tech-leadership/message

Ardent conservationist, former Delta Waterfowl and The Nature Conservancy in Arkansas Board Member, and current steward of the family's duck club, Kingdom Come, just outside of Stuttgart, Arkansas. David strongly believes the mallard hen limit in Arkansas needs to be reduced and elaborates on why this is important for the future of mallard duck populations. He makes a great case from several different angles as to why this is important now and how this move by hunters will benefit waterfowling's future. Thanks to our sponsors, Lile Real Estate, Sitka Gear, Yeti, Tom Beckbe, Lite Boots, Ducks Unlimited, and Yeti. All Rights Reserved. Please subscribe, rate and share The Standard Sportsman podcast.

Dr. Richard Winters, Mayo Clinic's Leadership Development Program Director and author of “You're the Leader. Now What?: Leadership Lessons from Mayo Clinic,” discusses the dynamic challenges of healthcare leadership. He highlights issues like global healthcare professional shortages and emphasizes the need for teamwork amidst constant change. Dr. Richard advocates for understanding and leading diverse teams, focusing on tackling challenges such as resource scarcity and disagreements. In his book, he outlines actionable steps for leaders, promoting forward-thinking within constraints and encouraging openness to exploring varied life paths and personal fulfillment.   Key Takeaways:   [01:38] Dr. Richard is an emergency physician at Mayo Clinic who also engages in leadership programs. Despite an unconventional journey into medicine as a former punk rock skateboarder, he values the dynamic schedule of emergency medicine over standard clinic hours. Acknowledging the challenges, he emphasizes the importance of community and collaboration in providing effective emergency care. Grateful for the efforts of first responders, Dr. Richard recognizes the crucial role they play in critical situations.   [05:30] He addresses challenges in hospital practice, emphasizing global shortages of healthcare professionals. In his leadership insights, he highlights the dynamic nature of healthcare, with constant changes and teamwork requirements. Reflecting on his career, Dr. Richard notes the shift from individual care to collaborative leadership, stressing the importance of understanding and leading diverse teams in the ever-evolving healthcare landscape.   [09:42] Dr. Richard shares his book's focus which is on the challenges in healthcare leadership—scarce resources, disagreements, and the need for solutions. He advocates a forward-looking approach, urging leaders to think what they like to do given limitations. He also refers to the Cynefin  framework by David Snowden for decision-making in uncertain situations, particularly highlighting the importance of transitioning from crisis to complex environments in healthcare leadership.   [11:36] He explains the dual challenge of dealing with both well-known best practices and unknown, dynamic situations in leadership. Leaders must navigate between conventional approaches and the need to address new pressures. Dr. Richard shares the dynamic nature of leadership, especially for physician-scientist leaders, focusing the shift from trusting data to effectively conveying narratives. He highlights that leadership involves not just external adaptation, but also internal growth and the challenge of balancing authenticity with the demands of the role.   [14:40] Dr. Richard explores the liminal space in leadership, navigating dichotomies within departments, organizations, and professions. He emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between individual and collective stories, acknowledging the ever-evolving narrative in leadership. Connecting values like respect and integrity to specific behaviors, he also stresses the significance of leaders embodying organizational values in their actions. Dr. Richard explains the significance of healthcare leaders translating values into tangible behaviors to cultivate a positive organizational culture.    [21:39] He shares the challenge of aligning business and healthcare interests and emphasizes the importance of individual well-being. He critiques traditional wellness programs and advocates for a focus on psychological well-being components like purpose alignment, autonomy, personal growth, and positive relations. Dr. Richard also emphasizes the need for organizational commitment to measuring well-being as a vital sign and promoting a culture that values collective decision-making, autonomy, and purpose alignment.    [29:04] Dr. Richard stresses the importance of being willing to explore different paths in life, while encouraging leaders and individuals to consider alternative options. He also focuses on the need for open conversations about personal fulfillment, even if it means exploring unconventional paths like opening a surf shop in a cold climate. Dr. Richard uses the metaphor of a garden to illustrate that humans are not confined to one place and can find fulfillment in different areas.    [31:51] He reflects on the commonalities of change across various industries, acknowledging the profound transformations driven by technology and AI. He emphasizes the ongoing inflection point in different sectors, marked by consolidations, evolving job roles, and the integration of data. Dr. Richard also expresses excitement about the potential opportunities in healthcare due to increased data sharing and innovative leadership approaches. He gives focus on the importance of leaders challenging tradition, being bold, and skillfully guiding organizations through change.   [34:15] Dr. Richard also reflects on the evolving landscape of healthcare, giving focus on the significant advancements driven by AI and technology. He acknowledges the challenges of navigating a heavily regulated industry and addresses the need for regulatory adaptation to facilitate innovation. Dr. Richard envisions a transformative shift in healthcare delivery, while stressing the impact of remote monitoring and patient-centric models. He believes that it is important to embrace discomfort as a catalyst for growth and learning, and encourages leaders to navigate daily challenges with curiosity and resilience.   [36:17] Closing Quote: Remember, the life so short a craft, so long to learn. -Hippocrates   Quotable Quotes: "Leadership isn't just directing from above; it's about actively understanding and helping the team."   "Leadership is developing the ability to lead one-on-one and to lead groups of individuals who are all in disagreement."   "The most important on being a leader, is being able to lead yourself as you navigate and figure out your own path."   "Our most effective leaders must grasp how to analyze data, comprehend hard facts, and navigate complex situations."   "Many organizations share similar values, but often these values are not reflected in their behaviors."   "The key to changing the culture is ensuring that it's not only about values but also about the behaviors that embody those values."   “Values plus behaviors is equal culture.”   "Those daily stories are what truly inspires me."   "If I notice people don't feel safe speaking up or sharing perspectives, I take action."   "Things always change, so you need to look at everything to make the best decision."   “It's essential for humans to figure out where our efficacy is and what we can do to make sure that we're happy, engaged, have well-being, and fulfilled.”   “We need individuals who can deal with crises and can steer an organization forward when the organization is unsure.”   “We need individuals who have the ability to bring people with different perspectives together.”   This is the book mentioned in our discussion with Dr. Richard:     Resources Mentioned: The Leadership Podcast | Sponsored by | Rafti Advisors. LLC | Self-Reliant Leadership. LLC | Dr. Richard Winters LinkedIn | Dr. Richard Winters Website | Mayo Clinic Website | Dr. Richard Winters Twitter |  

In this episode of the Sense & Signal podcast, Jodah and Dan welcome systems thinking experts Dr. Derek Cabrera and Dr. Laura Cabrera - founders of the Cabrera Research Lab on Systems Thinking at Cornell University - to talk about leadership, systems thinking, and complexity.  They share their story about how they met and became the dynamic duo of systems thinking research, their work teaching kindergarteners about systems thinking, respond to criticisms made by Cynefin founder David Snowden, delve into the characteristics of complex systems and emergence, describe their DSRP Sensemaking framework, advise leaders how use systems thinking to work in complex environments, and how incorporate systems thinking and complexity into strategic planning. A fascinating conversation with a charming and insightful scientific team, perfect for educators and leaders who want to incorporate systems thinking into their work.   Derek Cabrera and Dr. Laura Cabrera are distinguished Systems Thinking innovators renowned for developing the DSRP theory—Distinctions, Systems, Relationships, Perspectives. Their transformative approach simplifies intricate challenges by dissecting them into fundamental components, fostering insightful problem-solving. The Cabrera's are authors of Systems Thinking Made SImple: A new hope for solving wicked problems and Flock Not Clock, a book for organizational leaders who want to do systems thinking at the organizational level.  They are also the faculty directors of the Systems thinking, Modeling and Leadership Program at Cornell University and founders of the Cabrera Research Lab in Ithaca, New York.  Their work empowers individuals to navigate complexity, cultivate innovation, and make informed decisions across diverse domains.   MORE ABOUT DAN TARKER https://www.linkedin.com/in/dantarker/ https://www.danieltarker.com   MORE ABOUT JODAH JENSEN From parts unknown.  Possibly not of this earth.  https://www.linkedin.com/in/jodah/ --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/daniel-tarker/message

Professor Dave Snowden is one of the world's leading experts in the science of common sense, otherwise known as the science of complexity.  Professor Dave Snowden speaks to Jesse.

The Sense & Signal Podcast Wrestling with Complexity Jodah and Dan dig into the concept of complexity using David Snowden's Cynefin sensemaking framework. Dan Tarker's website: https://danieltarker.com Dan Tarker's Substack: https://tarker.substack.com Beats by Jeff Day at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGvOpfOxwiA --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/daniel-tarker/message

Today we spoke with Keir Wenham-Flatt - Director at Strength Coach Network, and High Performance Consultant. This episode was sponsored by The Learning Physiotherapist. An online mentorship, learning, and networking platform for like-minded, ambitious physiotherapists. Check it out at www.thelearningphysiotherapist.com, where you can register your interest for the cohort for 2022. Keir has worked with elite-level rugby players globally, in places like the UK, China, Australia, Argentina and Japan. He has huge experience in strength and conditioning - and helping athletes get the best out of their bodies. Keir has worked with London Wasps rugby, Sydney Roosters, the Pumas, Toshiba in Japan, and held a Director of Athletic Performance role at William & Mary in Virginia. He has an established presence on social media with Rugby Strength Coach and his Strength Coach Network site. Having worked in 5 different countries at the highest level of rugby union and league, including a 4th place finish at the 2015 Rugby World Cup with Argentina... we unpacked cultural diversity experience. Keir talks to us about first principles for aspiring strength coaches, and his routine...with parallels to Naval Ravikant. We have a very thought-provoking and provocative conversation on standards of testing and accreditation for his sector. We speak about cueing exercises, balance and perspective when children come into the equation, self-determination and ownership, and autonomy ("best reason to coach is if you want to"). Keir also explores The Cynefin framework, a sense-making system developed by David Snowden, a former director in the IBM Institute for Knowledge Management. It helps managers and leaders better understand the implications of complexity for strategy.

David Snowden of David Snowden Promotions, Inc. is our first guest on the podcast! David has worked with many artists including Kiss, Joan Jett, White Lion, Nelson, Vixen, Britny Fox, LA Guns, Icehouse, Y&T, Dio, and many more. Additionally, David has done research and marketing for Relativity, Chrysalis, Columbia, Sony, Warner Bros, Atlantic, Mechanix, and Universal Music.  David has done graphic design and merchandise development including CD covers, books, t-shirts, blankets, pillows, lunch boxes, mugs, and more.  His TV show clients include Roswell, Charmed, Buffy, Xena, Lost, Supernatural among others. Lastly, David is the nicest, most humble man I know with gold records hanging on his wall. Listen to David tell stories about he went from starting fanzines to having Joan Jett attending his wedding and how his roots continue to drive him today. 

Edmund Cross is a trainer and facilitator, and specialist in creating developmental spaces for individuals and teams. After a childhood in Northern Ireland, Edmund attended the University of Sussex where he studied French, and learnt to identify patterns and understand systems. He then trained as a nurse in Sheffield. He says “it taught me about the practicality of intervening in people's lives.” Partly as a result of a back injury he moved into workingwith primary care teams on sexual health. After several years with the local health authority he worked at the University of Sheffield. Since being made redundant in a reorganisation he has been working independently – this compelled him to learn how not to be part of an organisation and a hierarchy. Edmund has a reputation for being able to sit with people while they resolve conflict. He puts it down to several skills he has picked up on his journey: sticking with people when they tell you something important, an understanding of rank and power, working with issues as they arise in the moment, and leaning into matters rather than shying away. He says “power underlies everything and we need to talk about it.” All of our relationships have an element of power in them. We experience power very early on, but we don't talk about it: “it becomes invisible to us, and yet it shapes everything.” Once people have the tools and space to talk about, it becomes easier to surface the associated issues. Over the past five or six years Edmund has developed a way of working that involves introducing people to models, such as the Johari window and the window of tolerance, and then encouraging them to apply them to the business of the group as it arises in the moment. He seeks to help people to trust their own thoughts and emotions. Edmund is an enthusiast for ‘not knowing': when you approach a problem with an open mind, more possibilities emerge. He adopts an orientation of curiosity and exploration. He finds David Snowden's Cynefin framework helpful in this respect. Edmund has a daughter with a medical condition. Before her birth, Edmund envisaged a predictable future, afterwards he was dealing with uncertainty and crises as they came up. It taught him to live in the moment and give things his best shot as they arose. Edmund's proudest achievement in his career concerns when,as a nurse, he acted as an advocate for a seriously ill patient who hadn't made a will. One of his biggest mistakes was to speak for part of a group that he was facilitating without an invitation, taking on the mantle of leadership when it hadn't been conferred upon him. The most formative experience for Edmund was a residential at Findhorn (https://www.findhorn.org/ (https://www.findhorn.org/)) which involved teaching on conflict and change by Ben Fuchs and Andrew Murray. The three books that Edmund would recommend to aspiring leaders are: The Practice of Adaptive Leadership by Ronald Heifetz, Sitting in the Fire by Arnold Mindell, and Difficult Conversations by Sheila Heen, Douglas Stone and others. Edmund's self-care regime includes sailing, platform diving, and running. His advice to his 20-year old self would be “stick with it and let it unfold.”

In this episode, I talk with music promoter David Snowden. David gets me up to speed on the new Eric Carr documentary, we also talk about his fan club work in he 80's for KISS, Vinnie Vincent, Britny Fox and others. Check out David's Facebook: https://m.facebook.com/david.snowden?tsid=0.3114360678719631&source=result “I'm Eighteen” Cover by Metal Mike and Thom Dust - https://youtu.be/EdfCDppywWE Help support future episodes here: https://anchor.fm/cookgonemad/support For business inquiries for the 80's Glam Metalcast: 80sglammetal1@gmail.com Be sure to follow 80's Glam Metal on Twitter! @80sGlamMetal1 - https://twitter.com/80sglammetal1 80's Glam Metalcast is now on iHeart Radio! https://www.iheart.com/podcast/269-80s-glam-metalcast-69194275/ Check us out on Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/7H6RLcR7VsCVOJwbSNNQ8z?si=Mquvqua2Qr6323SQ12gArQ Check us out on Apple Podcasts - https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/80s-glam-metalcast/id149019510 --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/cookgonemad/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/cookgonemad/support

Now AVAILABLE-www.fowlplayersradio.com!We welcome David Snowden of David Snowden Promotions, Inc.David has been a friend of mine for quite a few years, and since the 1980's he has run David Snowden Promotions, Inc., with clientele that has included Mike Tramp, White Lion, Joan Jett, KISS, Ace Frehley, Vinnie Vincent, John Sykes, Alice Cooper, and many many more!He specializes in marketing, promotions, fan club administration, graphic design, photography, merchandising, and management consulting.He has a facebook page called David Snowden Promotions, Inc., that includes his contact information.Subscribe for free at Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher, Spotify, Pocket Cast, Castro Cast Box, Overcast, iHeart Radio, Podchaser, or www.fowlplayersradio.com

In today's discussion, performance mindset coach, Sean Hansen, speaks with Coleman Ruiz a former Naval Special Warfare officer turned venture capitalist and business turnaround CEO and president.   Coleman is also co-founder of the Mission Critical Team Institute (MCTI). MCTI partners with both researchers and practitioners, to develop collaborative applied research focused on helping Mission Critical Teams effectively detect, recognize, react, respond, and recover from the radical change events caused by rapidly emergent complex adaptive problem sets.Join us as we discuss how military and first responder units utilize MCTI's DR4 model to help them adapt to complex problem sets and how businesses can incorporate the same principles for ongoing success.Resources mentioned in this episode:Mission Critical Team Institute websiteMCTI Teamcast podcastColeman's personal websiteReach out to Coleman on LinkedInVideo on David Snowden's sense-making framework - CynefinThe Residue paperAre you an executive, entrepreneur, or combat veteran looking to overcome subconscious blind spots and limiting messaging to unlock your highest performance?  Feel free to reach out to Sean at Reload Coaching and Consulting.

Liz Keogh: How to start Making Sense & Salt Marshes …with examples. Blogger, Coach, Speaker, Liz is well known for her enthusiasm for moving the Lean & Agile movement onwards.Starting the first 3 years of her career on a project that never finished its first release, her view of the world rapidly changed joining Thoughtworks where code was with client within 4 weeks. She joined them as Behaviour-Driven Development was emerging and Liz gives an expert breakdown of what BDD is, the value it brings to the business and how to practice it well. And then on to Cynefin which Liz describes as a framework for making sense of the world, particularly in different situations, depending on how certain or uncertain the outcome is (and their relation to cause and effect.) Complexity and uncertainty are ever more part of the world and Liz artfully leads us through ways to engage and manage it. If you do not know much about Cynefin, including discussing risk with senior executives, this a golden introduction. Our tour continues with a discussion of Wardley Maps mapping maturity and their use with Cynefin but sadly we didn't have time to deal with a shallow dive into chaos: https://lizkeogh.com/2015/03/09/the-shallow-dive-into-chaos/ There is no silver bullet but Liz is the enemy of inertia, the navigator of uncertainty and generous with her explanations and references to both. A good example to us all.References:Liz Keogh Blog: https://lizkeogh.comTwitter: @lunivoreEscape Velocity: Free Your Company's Future from the Pull of the Past - Geoffery A MooreSimon Wardley (Wardley Mapping) https://twitter.com/swardleyThe Aglie Fluency Model Diana Larsen and James Shawhttps://www.agilefluency.org/assets/downloads/agile-fluency-project-ebook-rtw-1.pdf David Snowden, Cynefin Framework: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N7oz366X0-8#agile #waysofworking #agilemethodshttps://agilitybynature.com/contact-us/ Our GDPR privacy policy was updated on August 8, 2022. Visit acast.com/privacy for more information.

Today's guest is Dr. David Snowden a University researcher turned successful entrepreneur. David is the founder of Metamako a Sydney based high-speed switch networking company recently acquired by Arista Networks.

Digital transformation is exists to solve problems. And, in solving those problems improve the organisation through better customer and employee experience. Forbes has reported that 84% of digital transformation efforts fail. This is HUGE! So, what could be causing this and how can we better define the types of problems getting solved. In this episode we unpack a problem 'sense making' framework developed by Prof. David Snowden called Cynefin. This framework breaks every problem down into 4 types and depending on the type of problem the right approach can be executed. Simple or Obvious - The domain of best practice. Sense, categorise and respond. Complicated - The domain of the expert. Sense, analyse and respond. Complex - The domain of innovation. Probe, sense, respond. Chaotic - The domain of rapid response. Act, sense, respond. Failing to solve the right problems in the right way may be the cause of many failed digital transformation programs. Join this episode as we unpack how to use this framework in solving digital transformation problems. For more information visit; www.blirt.com.au

Episode 50 is all about competitions. From flying psychology to training David Snowden has taken 25 years of flying passion into figuring out to take a country (Australia) with plenty of talent but with few of the resources that France, Germany, and Switzerland (for example) have to be a serious player on the world stage. In this podcast Dave sheds light on their journey from not even having a team in 2015 and being ranked in 38th place in the world to breaking the top 15 and sending a strong, competive team to the Worlds this summer in Italy.

Episode 26 with David Snowden of David Snowden Promotions, Inc. is live now! From running Fan Clubs, to Merchandising, to Managing Bands, David has lived an incredible life and he shared stories about KISS, Alice Cooper, Joan Jett and more! Enjoy!

David Snowden of David Snowden Promotions, Inc. which does management and marketing of fan clubs, merchandise, license deals, and promotion of entertainment artists, including graphic design work is our guest today on Music Life Radio.  David has worked with many artists including Kiss, Joan Jett, Vinnie Vincent, White Lion, Nelson, Vixen, Britny Fox, LA Guns, Icehouse, Y&T, […]

Listen to the August edition of THE KISS ROOM! Join MATT PORTER and his in-studio guests: CHRIS GIORDANO from the tribute band KISS IT! DAVID SNOWDEN from David Snowden Promotions! TONY DEVILLE from DeVille Ink! “SPEED” from Silvertung! and, in her KISS ROOM debut, CHRIS ANN COLVIN! We’re cranking some KISS tunes, talking KISS, giving […]

For the February episode in “The KISS Room,” Matt Porter is joined by Chris Giordano, Mike Natalini, and special guests David Snowden of David Snowden Productions, Kim Snowden, Alex Richter of “Hard & Fast” magazine, and Chris Czynszak from “The Decibel Geek Podcast.” Plus you’ll hear a selection of listeners’ favorite KISS “love songs.” Listen […]

Hello, and welcome back to MACTattack, a short series of podcasts about podcasting, and whether it has a future for knowledge management. Your MACTattack hosts are Jennifer Flynn, Nikki Van Dusen, and Wayne Williams. Visit us at http://mactattack.podbean.com. In episode two, we're looking at the theory and practice of podcasting for knowledge management. In theory, this should work ... For organizations examining podcasting for knowledge management, there are strong theoretical underpinnings pointing towards successful application of the medium. These theories speak to both the medium and the management of certain kinds of knowledge. First, the media richness theory can be used to frame a communications medium by describing its ability to reproduce the information sent over it. More specifically, media richness theory states that the more ambiguous and uncertain a task is, the richer the format of media suitable to it ("Media Richness Theory"). As an audio format, podcasting is a moderately rich medium, able to reproduce spoken word. Enhanced podcasts are even richer, and vodcasting richer still. Because of this relative richness, podcasting could have success in capturing more ambiguous knowledge. In their 2008 article “Podcasting: A new way to create, capture and disseminate intellectual capital,” Helen Clegg and Susan Montgomery discuss the knowledge management strategy for the global management consulting company, A.T. Kearney Inc. Clegg and Montgomery acknowledge that trying to collect and codify project documents in order to capture explicit knowledge often fails to tap into much of the tacit knowledge in people’s heads which, they note, can be even more valuable. They have found that podcasts facilitate capturing this tacit knowledge and providing useful context in a way that other forms (such as word processing documents and slide shows) simply cannot. University of Alberta McCalla Research Professor Marco Adria is researching the use of podcasts in the classroom. In an interview with MACTAttack, he explained that podcasts tap into what Marshall McLuhan called an acoustic space. "The acoustic space is the one in which we respond in a very reactive way to sounds all around us. It's much more intuitive—it's not as focused as the visual space of the alphabet. It's more tribal. Radio is something that McLuhan suggested opened up those tribal drums again for us in a way that we would respond to in a very intuitive way." He also shared his reflections on whether podcasting would work for knowledge management, and what type of knowledge would best captured by podcasts. "People respond to the human voice in a very different way than they might to something that's written, and most of our use of the online, virtual space is, in fact, text-based. We're reading text online, and we're responding online. There are visual images that are used but those are processed in a different way, and often the video image is accompanied by sound; but, what you have with podcasts is this very direct link to the writer-speaker—someone who is speaking into the technology and providing this recorded voice, but who also has in some sense planned and written out this presentation for the listener. When we're talking about knowledge management, we can consider what kind of knowledge we're considering, and the big challenge with knowledge management is, in fact, how to think about the tacit knowledge—the kind of knowledge that we find difficult to write down. Podcasts have the potential for us to use, for example, stories—narratives—to tap into what it is that we really know about something. People interested in knowledge management continually come back to this problem of tacit knowledge, and I think the human voice, the recorded voice, is one way to get at a little bit of that intuitive practice in action that is so much tied in with our knowledge of how to do things." Richard Berry, in his 2006 article “Will the iPod Kill the Radio Star?”, examines the portability, intimacy, and accessibility restored as audiences rediscover their voices through podcasting. According to Berry (2006), podcasting is at once a converged medium—bringing together audio, the web, and portable devices—yet one that is also revolutionary and disruptive, particularly in its ability to distribute content automatically through software applications. Podcasting operates on a flat, non-hierarchical plane where, as Berry notes, “the means to create are as accessible as the means to consume” (p. 146). It is these characteristics that make podcasting a natural fit for knowledge management. David Snowden, an acknowledged expert in the management of tacit knowledge, highlights the move towards a new generation of knowledge management. In his 2002 article "Complex acts of knowing", Snowden identifies three heuristics that reveal the change of thinking needed to manage knowledge: knowledge can only be volunteered, we always know more than we can tell, and we will always tell more than we can write down, and we only know what we know when we need to know it. Let's take a closer look at each of these. Knowledge can only be volunteered. From a KM perspective, podcasting represents a way of volunteering knowledge. You cannot make people surrender their knowledge; they must share it willingly. Because knowledge-sharing must be voluntary, there need to be as few barriers as possible. Fortunately, from a knowledge-sharing viewpoint, podcasting is easy to use—as both a consumer and a producer. Unlike traditional broadcasters, podcasters do not need the same licenses, studios, or transmitters; all they need is a microphone, and a Macintosh or personal computer. Know more than we can tell, tell more than we can write. Podcasting, from a knowledge sharing perspective, has an advantage over written forms (e.g., blogs), because we will always tell more than we can write. Podcasting, in its oral form, is the perfect medium for stories. This enables the communication not just of explicit knowledge (which is easily transferred through other media), but tacit knowledge (which is more challenging to communicate). Stephen Denning’s The Leader’s Guide to Storytelling is premised on the fact that knowledge builds through storytelling. Similarly, Brown and Duguid (1991) note that storytelling is the starting point for community building and knowledge sharing. What better medium for storytelling today than podcasting? We only know what we know when we need to know it. Knowledge is contextual and triggered by circumstance. Unfortunately, the moment at which I need an answer may not be the same moment at which your knowledge is at the forefront of your mind. For this reason, it is valuable to be able to capture knowledge (to the extent that is possible) at the point in time it is known. Unlike traditional oral stories, podcasts can be stored, retrieved, and distributed when necessary. According to Ractham and Zhang, in their 2006 article on “Podcasting in Academia,” podcasts represent useful knowledge management artifacts that enable the easy distribution, storage, and sharing of knowledge among academic parties. Podcasting is on-demand. The audience can listen when it wants to. If users avail themselves of podcasts’ syndication features, this technology demands minimal searching effort and is less likely to result in overwhelming “irrelevance” knowledge (Ractham & Zhang, p. 315). Podcasting capitalizes on the way people learn – through storytelling and listening; it makes use of Web 2.0 technologies and a novel way to present knowledge and ideas. It is portable, convenient, sustainable, reusable—overall, an efficient use of resources. Considerations for using podcasts for KM Considering podcasting for knowledge management in organizations is a lot like knowledge management initiatives: there are no hard and fast rules. If you've taken a good look at the organization's mission and goals and decided that podcasting has a place in helping you reach them, here are some additional considerations to keep in mind. What sort of knowledge can we manage? Although good for sharing various types of knowledge, podcasting's strength may be in sharing tacit knowledge. Many media exist for sharing explicit knowledge, but there are few that are useful for sharing tacit knowledge. According to Wright (2001), "[t]acit knowledge is difficult share without face-to-face interaction and dialogue" (p. 2). Podcasting, while not quite either, does encourage the kind of storytelling that would support the dissemination of more complex and value-laden ideas (Clegg & Montgomery, 2008). By providing the context for development and application of knowledge, storytelling can make tacit knowledge much more explicit (Ives, 2004). Storytelling delivered via podcast cannot in and of itself provide a solution for knowledge management—it must be part of an integrated strategy that includes the affordances provided by interactions, documents, records and practices. Because podcasting has a more intimate feel to it, it is particularly effective for sharing encultured knowledge. Hearing the voice of a president or CEO, often in a more intimate and conversational tone, would be likely to humanize the person in that role. This could help to build trust and to have an emotional influence that would positively impact employee engagement (D'Aprix, 2004). Even though podcasting is a relatively rich medium, it is disseminative, not communicative, because it is one-way. When deciding whether to share knowledge via a podcast, consider the needs of the audience carefully (Gillis, 2006, p. 261). According to Welch and Jackson (2007), internal corporate communication should “be underpinned with two-way, symmetrical communication to provide opportunities for dialogue” (p. 187). If, like Marriott International, an organization wishes to share encultured knoweldge, podcasting cannot be the only way it is done. Even Bill Marriott visits his hotels, holds regular teleconferences, and sends e-mail to all his associates. What are the technological considerations? First, podcast production is time consuming. Scripts must be written, edited, then recorded, which could take multiple takes. It is really easy to make a poor podcast, and in the same way that people are inclined to tune out an unpleasant voice, people will likely turn off a poorly produced podcast, especially if the sound quality is annoying or human thinking noises—such as pauses, ums and ahs—are excessive. To offset this, invest in a good microphone, use speaking notes or a full script, and record in a quiet location. Beginner podcasts will take longer. Ignore how much you hate the sound of your own voice. As recording skills increase, there is a reduction in takes, speeding up the production. Podcasts are difficult to search or browse. Listeners must work their way from beginning to end in real time. Pairing a podcast with an on-line forum like a blog makes the medium even richer. Allowing listeners to comment on the on-line forum creates two-way communication. Scripts for podcasts easily become transcripts, which can then be quickly uploaded to an online forum such as a blog, turning an audio format into a searchable transcript. The ease of dissemination or distribution of podcasts is one of the main reasons for their popularity. RSS technology combined with podcast aggregator software such as iTunes enable users to automatically download new podcasts through subscription services. Unfortunately, organizations that wish to use podcasts for knowledge management can only take advantage of free services like iTunes if their content is non-proprietary as there is no way to password protect podcasts, and all podcasts that are syndicated through RSS are in the public domain. This means that any organization that wishes to use podcasts as part of a knowledge management strategy would have to secure and host them somehow. Uploading the podcasts to a secure server or intranet can only protect them from the public as long as they stay there. Once downloaded, they can be shared with anyone. This may be a significant barrier for the adoption of podcasting as a tool for KM in many organizations. What are the considerations for implementation? If you're set on podcasting, here are some further considerations for implementation. Introducing podcasting to an organization reflects a change that—like any change—must be properly managed. To improve the odds of implementation, management should recognize the uncertainty that technology brings with it, cultivate a sense of need for the implementation, and take steps to overcome resistance (Daft, 2007, p. 428). This should be done by educating employees about podcasting and its knowledge management benefits, by ensuring leaders within the organization demonstrate commitment to the use of the technology, and by finding podcast "champions" within the organization. Part of the process will involve giving the intended audience the information and tools they need to subscribe to a podcast, and giving the intended podcasters the information and tools they need to create one. Detailed instructions on how to make and subscribe to podcasts are in the transcripts. Although podcasting is inexpensive, successful implementation will require some resources, including technical knowledge resources or technical support so that those using the technology will be at ease with it. Finally, the organization needs to assess and monitor the use and implications of podcasting; this allows problems and resistance to be addressed early on, and for success stories to spread more easily. That's it for episode two. More detailed information on how-tos associated with podcasts are included in the podcast's transcripts. We hope you've enjoyed this series of podcasts looking at knowledge management. Full transcripts, links, and all citations and references are available at http://mactattack.podbean.com/.