Orientalistics: Podcast on Language, Religion and Culture

The Mullahs, the Missiles, and the People: On the Israeli Airstrike Against the Islamic Republic of IranIn this urgent and unfiltered episode, Farshid Delshad stepsoutside his usual domains of language, religion, and culture to address the escalating confrontation between the State of Israel and the Islamic Republicof Iran. Speaking not only as a scholar of Middle Eastern studies but also as an Iranian of Jewish heritage with lived experience in both countries,Farshid reflects on the moral dilemmas, historical realities, and geopoliticalimplications of the recent Israeli airstrike.

Von Wahrheit & Fiktion. Truth, Fiction, and the Politics of Memory (in German) In this episode, we explore the complex tension between historical truth and fictional narrative, drawing inspiration from Yuval Noah Harari's reflections. We discuss how writing about real historical events—such as the Roman Empire—requires rigorous research, linguistic skills, and archaeological insight, whereas fictional storytelling allows for simplified, appealing narratives without factual accountability. This distinction is not only academic but deeply political: in modern societies, fictionalized versions of history often resonate more than uncomfortable truths. What does this say about our collective relationship to truth, history, and political memory? Join us as we reflect on the implications for contemporary public discourse and historiography.Keywords #TruthVsFiction; #YuvalHarari; #HistoricalNarrative; #RomanEmpire; #Historiography; #PoliticalDiscourse; #AncientHistory; #RealityCheck; #PublicTruth; #HistoricalMethod; #MediaAndFiction; #CriticalThinking

The Legacy of Zoroastrianism for Judaism, Christianity and Islam: Part IV: Synopsis

The Legacy of Zoroastrianism for Judaism, Christianity and Islam Part III: Zoroastrian Cosmology Keywords #Zoroastrianism; #Zarathustra; #AhuraMazda; #AngraMainyu; #GoodVsEvil; #AncientReligions;#IndoIranian; #DevaVsDaeva; #VedicHinduism; #ReligiousHistory; #Apocalypse; #Resurrection; #SecondTempleJudaism; #OriginsOfSatan; #HeavenAndHell; #Sheol; #AncientPhilosophy; #PersianEmpire; #ReligiousEvolutionSummary

Zoroaster and Abrahamic Religions Part II: From Zoroaster to MosesSummaryIn this episode, we explore how sacred histories are not always straightforward records of the past, but deeply layered narratives shaped by memory, theology, and retrospective meaning. From the retroactive storytellingstructures in Abrahamic texts to the haunting poetic legacy of the Gāthās in Zoroastrianism, we reflect on the challenges of tracing historical truth amidst mythic resonance. Why do prophets appear fully formed in scripture? How do traditions remember and reshape their origins? And what makes Zoroaster such a singular figure in the history of religious thought? Join me as we peel back the layers of sacred memory and step into the luminous, elusive world ofsalvation narratives.Keywords#Zoroaster; #PhilosophyOfReligion; #CulturalMemory; #SacredTexts; #Gathas; #Zoroastrianism; #HistoryOfReligion; #SalvationHistory; #ReligiousNarratives; #PropheticTradition; #EthicalMonotheism; #MythAndMemory; #ReligiousOrigins; #OralTradition; #SpentaAndAngra; #Zarathustra;#AncientWisdom

The Legacy of Zoroastrianism for Judaism, Christianity and Islam, PART IPodcast Summary In this episode, we delve into the fascinating legacy of Zoroastrianism, exploring its influence on both ancient and modern religious thought. From its roots in the Persian Empire to its transformation through Roman Mithraism, weuncover how this ancient faith shaped key religious concepts like resurrection,duality of good vs. evil, and the afterlife. We also explore the impact of Constantine's conversion to Christianity and how the evolution of religious ideas, such as hell and the role of women in faiths, played a pivotal role in shaping our spiritual landscape today. Keywords:#Zoroastrianism; #Mithraism; #PersianEmpire; #Resurrection; #AncientReligions;#RomanEmpire; #Constantine; #Philosophy; #ReligiousEvolution; #WomenInReligion;#HellConcept; #ZoroastrianInfluence; #AncientFaiths; #ChristianityOrigins

Podcast SummaryIn this episode, we take a deep dive into a thought-provoking lecture by Erich Fromm, delivered in 1971, exploring the history of religion and the decline of religious thought. Fromm, a renowned philosopher, psychoanalyst, and sociologist, examines how religious belief has evolved, why its traditional foundations have eroded, and what has risen to take its place.We discuss the idea that, even in a secular world, humanity still seeks meaning—whether through technology, ideology, or new ethical frameworks. Hasmodern society replaced God with the worship of progress? Does morality survive without divine authority? And what lessons can we draw from history, psychology, and philosophy to navigate this shift?Join the conversation as we reflect on these questions and consider what the future of belief—and disbelief—might look like. Let me know your thoughtsin the comments.Hashtags & Keywords:#PhilosophyOfReligion; #ErichFromm; #ReligiousThought;#HistoryOfReligion; #PsychologyAndPhilosophy; #CriticalTheory; #Humanism;#FaithAndModernity; #CollapseOfReligion; #Secularism; #FrankfurtSchool;#SpiritualityAndEthics; #TechnologyAndBelief; #MoralPhilosophy;#Existentialism; #Dostoevsky; #AtheismAndEthics; #ReligionAndSociety;#ScienceVsReligion; #HumanNatureLink to the Erich Fromm's Origianl Lecture in German

Iranian Languages and Dialects, Part XV: Khuzestani Arabic Summary Khuzestani Arabic is a fascinating dialectthat bridges Southern Mesopotamian Arabic with Persian linguistic influences.While it retains many core features of Eastern Bedouin-type dialects, it alsodemonstrates phonological shifts, Persian lexical borrowing, and uniquesyntactic structures that distinguish it from other Arabic varieties.Understanding these linguistic dynamics is essential for appreciating thecomplex history and sociolinguistic identity of Khuzestani Arabic speakers.Here's your chance to listen to authentic Khuzestani Arabic as Fatehem Jalali narrates the story of The Three Fish from Kalila and Dimna. Podcast: Orientalistics.Keywords#KhuzestaniArabic; #Linguistics;#ArabicDialects; #IranianArabs; #Khuzestan; #Ahwaz; #Sociolinguistics; #Persian;#Dialectology; #Phonology; #Syntax; #Vocabulary; #OralTradition; #GulfArabic;#IraqiArabic; #HistoricalLinguistics; #AchaemenidEmpire; #SassanianEmpire;#ParthianEmpire; #LanguagePolitics; #Bilingualism; #ArabicInIran;#MesopotamianHistory; #MinorityLanguages; #CulturalIdentity;Examples:. ابنتي تزوجت في سن صغير جدا  (بتی عرست ابسن زغیر)٢.  لو كان عندي مال لأقرضته لك (لو عندی فلوس چا دینتک)٣.  لقد اشترت لي أختي هذا التلفاز (اختی اشترتلی هاذه تلفزیون)٤.  نحن نتحدث العربية في المنزل ولكننا نتحدث الفارسية فيالخارج (احنه نحچی بل بیت عربی بس بارا فارسی)٥.  ماذا فعلت بالكتاب الذي أعطيتك إياه؟ (اشسوت بلالکتاب الذی آنه اطتک یا؟

On Harari's Nexus, Summary & Critique ‎ In this episode, I delve into Nexus: A Brief History of Information Networks from the ‎Stone Age to AI by Yuval Noah Harari. The book examines the intricate relationship ‎between information, power, and technology, revealing how these dynamics have ‎shaped human history and will continue to influence our future. Harari explores ‎how societies and political systems have leveraged information to achieve their goals ‎and how major information revolutions have sparked periods of remarkable human ‎flourishing. I also share my critique of his work, offering a balanced perspective on ‎its insights and limitations.‎

‎"Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow" explores humanity's future, tackling ‎themes like artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and the quest for immortality, ‎while questioning ethics, free will, and the meaning of human existence. In this ‎episode, I summarize the book and offer my critique.‎

On Yuval Harari's Sapiens, Summary & Critique ‎ In this session, we'll be diving into the world of Yuval Noah Harari and his three ‎major works: Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind. Still, Sapiens offers a compelling, if flawed, journey through humanity's past, ‎present, and potential future. Harari's ability to distill complex ideas into digestible ‎narratives ensures that even readers who take issue with his conclusions will find ‎plenty to ponder.‎

Good Morning, Gandalf: A Linguistic Journey In this episode, we ventured into a deceptively simple exchange between ‎Gandalf and Bilbo to unravel the profound linguistic, philosophical, and ‎interpretive questions it raises. We explored how Jacques Derrida's ‎deconstruction unveils the inherent instability and multiplicity of ‎meaning in Bilbo's good morning, while Michel Foucault's analysis of ‎discourse and power dynamics reveals the subtle authority at play in ‎Gandalf's response. Together, these perspectives challenge us to reconsider ‎the nature of language, its conventions, and the deeper forces shaping our ‎everyday interactions.‎ Keywords ‎# #Linguistics; #JacquesDerrida; #MichelFoucault; #Deconstruction; #Différance; ‎‎#Iterability; #Logocentrism; #PowerAndDiscourse; #LanguageGames; #Pragmatics; ‎‎#MeaningInLanguage; #PhilosophyOfLanguage; #Hermeneutics; ‎‎#TextInterpretation; #GenerativeGrammar; #RelevanceTheory; ‎‎#ConstructionGrammar‎

On The Etymology of the Name Moses In this episode, I delve into the fascinating intersections of linguistics, history, and culture, exploring the ‎name "Moses" Cf. Hebrew, ‎משה‎ Greek: Μωυσής, Arabic‏ موسى ‏‎ through its linguistic and symbolic ‎dimensions. We examine the representation of Moses in ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs *Mo-uses, ‎unravelling connections to religious discourse, monotheism, and Freud's intriguing insights on the origins ‎of guilt and intolerance. ‎ This discussion highlights the profound cultural and intellectual legacies tied to one of history's most ‎enduring figures. ‎ I'd love to hear your thoughts—share your feedback and join the conversation in the comments below!‎ Keywords: ‎#Moses; #Hieroglyphs; #Linguistics; #EgyptianScript; #CulturalHistory; #AncientLanguages; ‎‎#FreudAndReligion; #Monotheism; #Etymology; ‎#משה #Μωυσής #موسی

Antisemitism Revisited ‎ Summary: In this episode, we dive deep into the ongoing and evolving nature of antisemitism, drawing from historical figures and movements that have shaped modern attitudes. We explore the role of Haj Amin al-Husseini, his collaboration with Nazi forces, and how this legacy continues to influence contemporary Palestinian nationalism. The episode also examines how movements like Hamas and the Iranian regime, with their roots in radical ideologies, continue to perpetuate harmful narratives, such as Holocaust denial and conspiracy theories, that fuel antisemitism. These issues remain alarmingly relevant today, with widespread political and social ramifications. Tune in for a thorough exploration of how these ideologies intersect with global politics, and how they have found traction in various regions. Keywords ‎#Antisemitism #PalestinianNationalism #HajAminAlHusseini #NaziCollaboration ‎‎#HolocaustDenial #MiddleEastPolitics #IslamicAntiSemitism #IranianRegime ‎‎#ProtocolsOfTheEldersOfZion #Hamas #ShiaIslam #ArabNationalism #AntiZionism ‎‎#ModernAntisemitism #HolocaustMemory #RadicalIslam #MuslimBrotherhood ‎‎#IranianPropaganda #JewishConspiracy #IslamicRepublic #PoliticalExtremism‎

The Invention of Palestine: A Historical and Linguistic Narrative In this episode, we explore the historical and linguistic roots of the term "Palestine," ‎tracing its origins to the Roman designation "Syria Palaestina," given to the land of Israel by ‎Emperor Hadrian following the Bar Kokhba revolt. The name "Palaestina" was derived from ‎the ancient Philistines, with the term "Philistia" in Greek (Φυλιστίη) reflecting their ‎presence along the coastal regions of ancient Israel. We also examine the Hebrew ‎perspective: the word "Paleshtim" (‎פְּלִשְׁתִּים‎) in the Hebrew Bible refers to the Philistines, a ‎distinct people in the ancient land of Israel. The modern term "Palestine" in Hebrew, ‎‎"Filistin" (‎פְּלִשְׁתִּין‎), continues to evoke this connection. By looking at 19th-century travelers ‎like Mark Twain and Arthur Penrhyn Stanley, we show how the region was observed before ‎the Jewish return, challenging the notion that Palestine was ever solely an Arab land. The ‎episode highlights the enduring connection between the Jewish people and this land, both ‎historically and linguistically. Keywords: #PalestineHistory; #RomanEmpire; #JewsInIsrael; #AncientIsrael; ‎‎#HistoricalNarrative; #BiblicalZionism; #MarkTwain; #ArthurPenrhynStanley; ‎‎#PalestinianIdentity; #Zionism; #HistoricalFacts; #MiddleEastConflict; ‎‎#JewishClaimToLand; #JewishHistoryInIsrael‎

Problems of Linguistics, Part III: Generative Grammar & Prague School ‎ Summary: In the past two episodes, we examined the evolution of linguistic theories, ‎covering everything from structuralism to Bloomfieldian and post-‎Bloomfieldian linguistics. We also touched on the transformative impact of ‎what's often called the “š.” Today, we shift our focus to another ‎monumental influence in the field: the Prague School of Linguistics.‎ Keywords ‎#PragueSchool; #MorrisHalle; #RobertLees; #Linguistcs; #GenerativeGrammer; ‎‎#Chomsky; #RomanJakobson; #Sinoloy; #MIT; #Formalism #ComparativeLinguistics; ‎‎#TransformationalGrammar ‎; #ChomskyanRevolution; #Syntax; #HubertMatthews ‎; ‎‎#FrantišekDaneš‎; # Czechoslovakia; #JosefVachek ; #JosefVachek; #FrantišekDaneš ‎

Problems of Linguistics, Part II: Chomskyan Revolution In this episode, we explored the profound impact of the Chomskyan revolution on ‎linguistics, alongside the contributions of post-structuralist linguists who ‎challenged traditional views. We delved into syntax, grammar, and how vivid ‎language shapes our understanding of the world, all while making complex ideas ‎accessible and engaging. Stay tuned for more in-depth discussions in future ‎episodes, where we'll continue to unpack other schools of linguistics and their ‎lasting influence!‎ Keywords ‎#Linguistics; #Syntax; #Grammar; #Humanities; #LanguageLearning; #Language; #LinguisticSchools; #SyntaxAndSemantics; #Verificationism; ‎ #NoamChomsky; #CarlHempel; #JamesSledd; #Voegelin; #TransformationalGenerativeGrammar; #OldGuard; #SyntacticStructures

Problems of Linguistics, Part I: Structural Linguistics Summary In this episode, I explore the rise and fall of post-Bloomfieldian structuralism, a dominant school ‎of thought in American linguistics. This methodology emphasized discovering linguistic grammar ‎through a set of mechanical procedures, starting with phonemics and moving systematically ‎through morphemics, syntax, and discourse. The rigid empiricism of the approach, which ‎excluded meaning and speaker intuition, ensured a catalog of observables but left significant gaps ‎in explaining deeper linguistic phenomena.‎ By the 1950s, the methodology was seen as a landmark in scientific rigor. However, only a decade ‎later, its influence began to wane. I delve into the reasons for this rapid decline, pointing to the ‎changing intellectual climate and internal weaknesses. The rise of cognitive science and Noam ‎Chomsky's generative grammar challenged post-Bloomfieldian principles, introducing concepts ‎like mental structures, universal grammar, and the generative nature of language—ideas that ‎post-Bloomfieldian linguistics could not accommodate.‎ While its procedural rigor and systematic approach laid an essential foundation for modern ‎linguistics, the school's neglect of semantics and over-reliance on corpus data marked its ‎limitations. By the 1970s, post-Bloomfieldian structuralism had transitioned from cutting-edge ‎theory to a historical chapter in linguistics.‎ Keywords #FerdinandDeSaussure; ‎#PostBloomfieldianLinguistics; #LinguisticMethodology; #Structuralism; ‎‎#AmericanLinguistics; #Phonemics; #Morphemics; #Syntax; #DiscourseAnalysis; ‎‎#LanguageTheory; #GenerativeGrammar; #Chomsky; #Empiricism; ‎‎#HistoricalLinguistics; #LinguisticDecline; #IntellectualShift‎

Through the Shadows: Understanding Trauma and PTSD with Dr. Ronit Farzam In this episode, I sit down with Dr Ronit Farzam, a clinical psychologist and trauma expert with a rich background rooted in both personal and professional resilience. We explore the complex nature of trauma and PTSD, discussing their symptoms, impact on the brain, and the challenges of misdiagnosis. Dr Farzam shares insights into various treatment modalities, from EMDR to humanistic approaches, and emphasises the importance of addressing shame in recovery. As a writer of poetry and children's books, her unique perspective connects the power of creative expression with healing. Don't miss this deep dive into the art and science of overcoming trauma and fostering personal growth. Dr Ronit Farzam is the founder, director, and clinical supervisor at the Centre for Healing and Personal Growth, a mental health counselling centre in Los Angeles. Dr Farzam is a licensed clinical psychologist holding a PhD in Clinical Psychology alongside two Master's degrees in Marriage and Family Therapy and Linguistics. She serves as an expert witness, frequently providing testimony in courts and other legal proceedings in the specialised field of trauma and PTSD. Dr Farzam has authored two children's books, A Magical Journey and How I Feel When I Hear No, as well as a book of poetry in Farsi titled Metamorphosis (Degardisi). She resides in Los Angeles with her family. The books referenced are:Homecoming: Claiming and Rechampioning Your Inner Child by John BradshawHow to Raise Your Self-Esteem by Nathaniel Branden Keywords: #Trauma; #PTSD; #MentalHealth; #TraumaTherapy; #Healing; #Psychology; #TraumaRecovery; #ChildhoodTrauma; #PostTraumaticStress; #ExpertWitness; #MentalHealthAwareness; #InnerChild; #SelfEsteem; #IranianDiaspora; #TraumaSupport; #ClinicalPsychology; #HealingJourney; #PoetryAndHealing; #RonitFarzam; #PersianPoetry

Zoroastrians, Jews, Christians & Other Minorities in Iran, Part IV: An Overview n this episode, I explore the multifaceted history of Persian Jews in 20th-century Iran, focusing on the challenges of national and religious identity under the Pahlavi regime and the Islamic Republic. From the pressures of "Iranization" and modernization to the post-revolutionary shift towards religious identity, I examine how these changes influenced the Jewish community's cultural, social, and political landscape. We delve into the effects of state policies on education, representation, and religious practices, along with the strategies Jewish leaders adopted to navigate loyalty to Iran while distancing themselves from Zionism. The episode also highlights the significant emigration of Iranian Jews due to political and societal challenges, offering a broader perspective on the situation of religious minorities in Iran. I'd love to hear your thoughts and questions—feel free to share them below in the comment section or email me at orientalistics@gmail.com. I look forward to your insights! Keywords #PersianJews; #IranianHistory; #ReligiousMinorities; #JewishCommunity; #PahlaviEra; #IslamicRevolution; #IranianJudaism; #ReligiousDiscrimination; #JewishIdentity; #IranianPolitics; #Zionism; #Zoroastrians; #HolocaustDenial; #CulturalAdaptation; #Emigration; #Shiism; #ReligiousFreedom; #IranianStudies #Bahais #Christians #SufiOrders #Sufism

Part III: Religious Minorities in Modern Iran ‎ In this episode, I delved into the intricate dynamics of religious minorities in the Islamic Republic of Iran. ‎We explored how the 1979 Islamic Revolution brought ideological shifts that reshaped policies and ‎attitudes toward non-Muslim communities. From the strategic public relations campaigns projecting ‎tolerance to the underlying systemic discrimination entrenched in laws, the discussion unravelled the ‎complexities of the state's dual narrative.‎ I also examined the social realities faced by Iran's religious minorities, including Persian Jews, Christians, ‎and Zoroastrians, and how they navigate a society shaped by both solidarity and segregation. The ‎episode further addressed Iran's ideological opposition to Zionism, its domestic policies toward Jewish ‎communities, and the broader global implications of its approach to diversity.‎ This conversation offered a nuanced look at the contradictions between ideology and practice, shedding ‎light on the delicate balance between state policies and societal attitudes. Your thoughts and reflections ‎are welcome—let's keep the dialogue going!‎ Keywords ‎ ‎#ReligiousMinorities; #IranianHistory; #IslamicRevolution; #ShiiteIslam; #MinorityRights; ‎‎#IslamicRepublic; #Zionism; #ReligiousDiscrimination; #HumanRights; #IranianJews; #Zoroastrianism; ‎‎#ChristianityInIran; #InterfaithRelations; #ClericalInfluence; #PersianSociety; #ToleranceAndContradictions; #IranianConstitution‎

Iran's Religious Minorities, Part II: Status of Religious Minorities in Iranian Islam In this episode, we delve into the relationship between Iranian Islam and religious minorities throughout ‎history, focusing on their evolving status and rights. During the early Islamic centuries, religious ‎minorities such as Christians, Jews, and Zoroastrians—collectively known as ahl al-kitāb (People of the ‎Book)—were granted protected status (dhimma) in exchange for paying the jizya tax and accepting ‎Muslim authority. This system, although unequal, offered some security and religious freedom.‎ As Islamic theology and jurisprudence developed, interpretations of non-Muslims' roles and rights ‎became stricter, with significant variations depending on the era and ruling authorities. In contemporary ‎Iran, the Islamic Republic's constitution, grounded in Shiite jurisprudence, institutionalizes inequalities ‎between Muslims and non-Muslims. Shiites are afforded privileges unavailable to other groups, while ‎restrictions persist on roles, marriages, and daily interactions. These regulations are influenced not only ‎by Islamic texts but also by pre-Islamic practices, notably Zoroastrian purity laws.‎ We also touch on how the Iranian Revolution of 1979 impacted minority communities, highlighting ‎issues of exclusion, discrimination, and self-preservation among non-Muslim groups. The discussion ‎offers a nuanced perspective on the complex interplay between religion, politics, and minority rights in ‎both historical and modern contexts.‎ Let me know your thoughts, or share any questions in the comments below. Thank you for listening!‎ Keywords ‎#IranianIslam #ReligiousMinorities #Dhimma #IslamicHistory #ShiiteJurisprudence #PodcastDiscussion‎ ‎#Kadivar #Sunni #Shiite #IranianIslam #Dhimma #AhlAlKitab

Iran's Religious and Ethnic Diversity, Part I: Introduction This episode delves into the rich tapestry of Iran's religious, linguistic, and ethnic diversity, tracing its ‎roots from the ancient Persian empires to the transformative events of the Islamic Revolution of 1979. ‎Iran's historical role as a crossroads of civilizations has shaped a multi-ethnic society, with Persian as the ‎national language alongside numerous minority languages and dialects. Religiously, while Shiism ‎dominates, smaller communities of Sunni Muslims, Christians, Jews, Zoroastrians, and Bahā'īs ‎contribute to the nation's pluralistic identity.‎ We explore how efforts at centralization during the Pahlavi era—through language policies, land ‎reforms, and modernization—sought to homogenize this diversity, often with limited success. The ‎Islamic Revolution then ushered in a Shiite theocracy, profoundly impacting Iran's sociopolitical fabric. ‎Recognized religious minorities, such as Zoroastrians, Christians, and Jews, face varying degrees of ‎inclusion and restrictions, influenced by constitutional provisions and state strategies.‎ From Reza Shah's modernization policies to Khomeini's establishment of a dual governance system, ‎the episode examines the tension between Iran's vibrant diversity and the state's attempts to impose ‎ideological unity.‎ Keywords ‎#IranDiversity #ReligiousPluralism #IslamicRevolution #PersianHeritage #EthnicMinorities #Jews ‎‎#Iranianjews #Rezashah #Khomeini #Iran‎

Election Insights: U.S. Politics, Israel, and Migration In this episode, we delve into the upcoming U.S. elections with a focus on some of today's most pressing ‎topics: U.S. policy on Israel, the impact of the Lebanon-Gaza conflict, Iran's regional role, the perspectives ‎of American Jewish communities, the stance of the Democratic Party, and migration issues. This ‎conversation provides a thought-provoking look at the intersections of international relations and U.S. ‎domestic policy, sparking questions about how these issues could shape the future political landscape. ‎ Keyword ‎#USElections2024; #MiddleEastPolicy; #IsraelPalestine, #LebanonConflict; #IranRelations‎ ‎#AmericanJews; #DemocraticParty; #MigrationCrisis #RepublicanParty; #USForeignPolicy ‎‎#ElectionInsights‎ ‎#InternationalRelations; #Iran #IranianJews; #DonaldTrump; #KamalaHarris ‎

Why Do People Fight? لماذا يقاتل الناس؟ Yuval Noah Harari once said something I find profound: Why are there so many wars in the world? Many people will tell you it's because humans fight for the same reasons animals do. They'll say it's natural—we fight for land, for resources, just like chimpanzees, wolves, or lions. For a long time, I believed this too. But after years of studying history, I realized it's not true at all ... The shorten out is in Arabic

Identity in Times of Crisis, Part VII: Identity & Emotion Summary Emotions play a crucial role in shaping human behavior, influencing our thoughts, ‎decisions, and actions, often more than logic alone. Rather than being separate, emotions ‎and rationality are interconnected, with emotional reasoning like love and fear guiding ‎our choices in a deeply human way.‎ Despite the common misconception that emotions are irrational, they have logical ‎implications, such as trusting those we love. However, society often suppresses emotions, ‎leaving them to influence us subconsciously, leading to internal conflicts or feelings of ‎detachment.‎ Traditional social theories, like those of Anthony Giddens, downplay the role of ‎emotions, focusing on rationalization. However, this perspective overlooks how emotions ‎shape everyday behavior, not just in exceptional circumstances. Communication itself ‎often operates on multiple levels, with a disconnect between our words and feelings, ‎causing misunderstandings.‎ Emotion is also linked to social control, with emotional strategies used to project ‎confidence or avoid embarrassment. Self-deception and emotional management are part ‎of this process, helping maintain social harmony, even if it compromises authenticity.‎ This summary emphasizes the importance of emotions in human behavior, challenging ‎the notion that rationality alone drives our actions. Emotions are ever-present, ‎influencing everything from personal relationships to broader social dynamics‎. Keywords #EmotionsInBehavior; #HumanRationality; #SocialInteraction; #EmotionalIntelligence; #IdentityAndEmotions; #RationalVsEmotional; #PowerAndControl; #SocialTheories; #EmotionalSuppression; #CognitiveAndEmotional; #MultiLevelCommunication; #SelfDeception; #EmotionalManagement; #HumanPsychology; #EmotionalMotivation

Identity in Times of Crisis, Part VI: Identity & Gender 1 Summary Podcast Episode Outline: Understanding Identity and Masculinity Introduction Explore the concept of identity as a cultural construct shaped by historical and social contexts. Cultural Context of Identity Discuss how identities are not fixed but influenced by power dynamics and personal narratives, particularly in relation to ethnicity and sexual identity. Gender and Judith Butler's Theories Highlight Judith Butler's idea of gender as performative, shaped by societal norms rather than innate traits. Critique Butler's theories for being abstract, calling for a practical understanding of gender in daily interactions. Contemporary Masculinity Address modern issues of masculinity, focusing on mental health crises, substance abuse, and societal pressures faced by men. Examine the impact of family dynamics and cultural expectations on men's emotional well-being. Language and Emotional Expression Emphasize the importance of language in shaping identities and emotional experiences, especially for men. Advocate for expressing feelings and breaking unhealthy cycles stemming from early trauma. Conclusion Encourage a nuanced understanding of identity, gender, and masculinity through personal narratives and therapeutic conversations. Keywords #Identity #CulturalIdentity #PersonalNarratives #Masculinity #ModernMasculinity #MasculineIdentity #GenderTheory #JudithButler #PerformativeGender #CulturalContext #SocialDynamics #EthnicIdentity #EmotionalExpression #BreakTheSilence #ExpressYourself #LanguageAndIdentity #LinguisticExpression #CommunicationMatters #JudithButtler

Judeo-Presian & Early New Persian | فارسیهود در آیینه ی تاریخ‎ آیا می‌دانید نخستین نامه‌ی برجای‌مانده به زبان پارسی نو را يک یهودی نوشته است؟ به بيان دیگر، هر هر پژوهشگر ایران‌شناس اگر بخواهد کاوشی در زبان پارسی نو بکند، نباید این نامه را نادیده بگیرد. منظور از پارسی نو، زبانی است که از پارسی میانه و پارسی باستان جداست. بدون اینکه بتوان به‌روشنی زمانی دقیق برای این دگرگونی‌ها برگزید، باید به‌گونه‌ای کلی گفت که فارسي باستان به دوره‌ی هخامنشیان و پارسی میانه به دوره‌ی پس از یورش تازیان بازمی‌گردد. در سال ۱۹۰۱ میلادی، یک باستان‌شناس یهودی انگلیسی تبار به نام مارک اورل اشتاین (۱۸۶۲–۱۹۴۳) به هنگام کندوکاو در یکی از دورترین بخش‌های ایران بزرگ آن دوران، یعنی جایی به نام دندان اویلیق، که در ترکستان خاوری نزدیک ختن است، نامه‌ای پیدا کرد که تا به امروز موضوع بررسی و پژوهش ایران‌شناسان بوده است. این نامه در سی‌وهفت سطر بر پوست گوسفند به پارسیهود، یعنی به خط عبری و زبان پارسی نوشته شده است. به دلیل گذر زمان و فرسودگی، پیرامون این نامه آسیب دیده است. پژوهش‌های نخستین نشان می‌دهد که این نامه، که از واژگان و آمیخته های بیگانه تهی است، باید در میانه‌های سده‌ی هشتم نگاشته شده باشد. متن نامه در پیوند با کارهای بازرگانی است و گویا به خریدوفروش گوسفند ربط دارد. در این گفتگوی دوستانه با خاخام مُشه (پیام) شیرازی در برنامه ي تلويزيوني درخت زندگي ما پیرامون پارسهیود سخن خواهیم گفت!   Did you know that the earliest extant letter written in New Persian was composed by a Jewish individual? In other words, any scholar engaged in Iranian studies who intends to explore the New Persian language must not overlook this document. By "New Persian," we refer to a language distinct from both Middle Persian and Old Persian. While it is not feasible to assign a precise chronological demarcation to these linguistic transitions, it is generally understood that Old Persian pertains to the Achaemenid period, whereas Middle Persian corresponds to the era following the Arab invasions. In 1901 CE, a British-Jewish archaeologist by the name of Sir Marc Aurel Stein (1862–1943), during his excavations in one of the most remote regions of Greater Iran at the time—specifically, a site known as Dandan Uiliq, situated in eastern Turkestan near Khotan—unearthed a letter that has since been a subject of extensive scholarly examination by Iranologists. The letter, consisting of thirty-seven lines, was inscribed on sheepskin in a script referred to as "Judeo-Persian" (Farsihud), using the Hebrew script but written in the Persian language. Owing to the passage of time and natural deterioration, portions of the letter have sustained damage. Initial research suggests that this letter, which is devoid of foreign loanwords or expressions, was likely composed in the mid-8th century. The content pertains to commercial transactions, possibly involving the trade of sheep. In this conversation with Rabbi Moshe (Peyam) Shirazi on the Persian-speaking television programme Derakhte Zendegi (The Tree of Life), we shall explore the subject of Judeo-Persian (Farsihud) in greater depth.

Identity in Times of Crisis, Part V: Identity & Sociolinguistics Summary In this episode, I explore the deep connection between language and identity, ‎examining how our linguistic habits shape how others perceive us. We delve into the ‎idea of heritage languages, native speaker myths, and how education influences our ‎linguistic development and identity. Drawing on historical and cultural perspectives, we ‎look at how language standards and policies affect individuals and communities. Our ‎identities are closely linked to the languages we use and how we use them, even if we ‎are unaware of this connection. People interpret our identities based on our language, ‎and these interpretations are shaped by the deep historical layers embedded in every ‎language. Education plays a key role in managing these linguistic layers, teaching ‎standard languages, and expanding students' linguistic abilities, all of which influence ‎how their identities are perceived. This process occurs within a broader cultural tension ‎about how language reflects the "genius" of its speakers and the extent to which ‎individuals embody that. (Fo the Topic Forensic Linguistics please check here) Keywords #HeritageLanguages; #NativeSpeakerMyth; #CulturalIdentity; #LanguageEducation; #Translanguaging; #SuperDiversity; #Bilingualism; #LanguageAndPower; #Multiculturalism; #HistoricalLinguistics; #LanguagePolitics; #StandardLanguage; #LinguisticRepertoires

Identity in Times of Crisis, Part IV: Identity, Language and Culture Summary In this episode, we dive into the relationship between identity, language, and culture, ‎exploring how language shapes and constructs our understanding of the world rather ‎than merely reflecting it. Drawing on thinkers like Wittgenstein, Derrida, etc, we unpack ‎the idea that identity is a discursive construct, brought into being through the ‎processes of language and thought. We challenge traditional concepts, such as ‎Descartes' "I think, therefore I am," and discuss how meaning is inherently unstable, ‎constantly shifting through language. Critical Discourse Analysis helps us explore these ‎linguistic structures and their influence on society. Join me as we delve into these ‎thought-provoking ideas, and don't forget to share your thoughts in the comments ‎below! Keywords #IdentityFormation; #CulturalStudies; #LanguageAndIdentity; #Wittgenstein; #RortyPhilosophy; #Derrida; #Deconstruction; #CriticalDiscourseAnalysis; #Antirepresentationalism; #PhilosophyOfLanguage; #Subjectivity; #PostStructuralism; #CulturalConstruct; #PowerOfLanguage; #IdentityInLanguage; #DiscourseAndMeaning; #LanguageAsTool; #PodcastDiscussion

Identity in Times of Crisis, Part III: Identity and Language 2: The Quest of ‘Self' Summary In this episode, I explore the concept of the self and how it has evolved across cultures ‎and philosophies. Drawing from the framework proposed by psychologist Ulrich Neisser, ‎I break down the term 'self' into five categories: Ecological, Interpersonal, Remembered, ‎Private, and Conceptual. I also touch on the history of the self in linguistic ‎anthropology, from its fusion with the clan in rituals to its moral and spiritual ‎significance in Roman society, Christianity, and Protestant thought. Join me as we ‎discuss how language and culture shape our understanding of identity. Share your ‎thoughts, and don't forget to tune in for the next episode! Keywords: ‎#SelfConcept; #Identity; #UlrichNeisser; #EcologicalSelf; #InterpersonalSelf; ‎‎#RememberedSelf; #PrivateSelf; #ConceptualSelf; #LinguisticAnthropology; #Persona; ‎‎#RomanHistory; #Enlightenment; #CulturalIdentity; #PhilosophyOfSelf; #WesternThought; ‎‎#IndividualVsSelf; #LockeanSelf; #Protestantism; #HumanExperience

Identity in Times of Crisis, Part III: Identity and Language Summary In this episode, I explore the complex relationship between language and identity, ‎diving into how we express who we are and how language shapes that expression. From ‎the personal question of *Who am I?* to the broader social forces that mold our ‎identities, we touch on everything from cultural diversity in America to the impact of ‎self-discovery and authenticity in shaping modern identity. I also raise questions about ‎how much of this search for self is intertwined with the language we use every day. Stay ‎tuned for the next episode, where we'll dive deeper into these ideas. Keywords:‎ ‎#LanguageAndIdentity; #SelfExpression; #IdentityCrisis; #CulturalDiversity; ‎‎#AmericanIndividualism; #CriticalPedagogy; #Freire; #SelfDiscovery; #Socialization; ‎‎#IdentityFormation; #ModernIdentity; #LinguisticBoundaries; #PersonalAutonomy; ‎‎#Psychoanalysis; #HumanExistence; #SocialJustice; #PhilosophyOfIdentity; ‎‎#CulturalOpportunities‎

Identity in Times of Crisis, Part II: Identity and Race Summary In this episode, I explore how Enlightenment ideas of natural law and human progress ‎evolved into dangerous ideologies in the 19th and early 20th centuries. We trace the shift ‎from rationalism to Romantic nationalism, particularly in Germany, where thinkers like ‎Herder and Fichte laid the groundwork for racial and national ideologies. The concept of ‎the Aryan race, as developed by figures such as Gobineau, Chamberlain, and Rosenberg, ‎became central to these ideologies, blending pseudoscience with distorted ‎interpretations of ancient texts. I discuss how these racial theories, particularly the myth ‎of Aryan superiority, culminated in devastating consequences, including the rise of anti-‎Semitism and Nazi ideology. This episode unpacks the intersection of philosophy, race, ‎and nationalism, showing how history can be manipulated through dangerous myths. ‎Thank you for listening, and I hope this provokes critical thought on the subject.‎ Identity SHORT FILM ‎ Keywords:‎ ‎#Enlightenment; #NaturalLaw; #Romanticism; #Nationalism; #RacialTheory; #Herder; ‎‎#Fichte; #AntiSemitism; #AryanMyth; #Pseudoscience; #Gobineau; #Chamberlain; ‎‎#Rosenberg; #Nietzsche; #GermanNationalism; #BloodPurity; #RaceTheory; ‎‎#HistoricalIdeology; #PhilosophyOfRace; #CasteSystem; #ChristianityAndRace‎

Antisemitism: Shadows and Coexistence Conversation with Menashe Amir In this second series of conversations with the esteemed Israeli journalist of Persian descent, Menashe ‎Amir, we address the deeply uncomfortable yet pervasive issue of antisemitism. While this topic has ‎been thoroughly examined throughout history, it remains an enduring and regrettably influential force in ‎shaping contemporary thought and society. As you will observe in my dialogue with Menashe Amir, the ‎complexity and persistence of this prejudice are truly remarkable.‎ Our conversation begins with Menashe's personal reflections on his experiences as an Iranian Jew facing ‎antisemitism in Iran. We then trace the historical roots of this hostility, beginning in antiquity and closely ‎tied to Christian theology, particularly the charge of deicide—the killing of God. These deep-seated ‎prejudices evolved over time, notably during the Enlightenment of the 18th century, when antisemitism ‎assumed racial and nationalist dimensions.‎ We further explore one of history's most notorious conspiracy theories: the so-called Jewish plot for ‎world domination, focusing on The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, an infamous forgery that originated ‎in Russia. Despite these dark historical currents, we also highlight instances of tolerance and coexistence, ‎particularly in Muslim and Iranian societies, where Jewish minorities were treated with varying degrees ‎of acceptance.‎ This conversation, conducted in Persian, provides a rich and nuanced exploration of both the prejudices ‎and cultural complexities surrounding Jewish communities. It offers a compelling discussion, and I trust ‎you will find it as thought-provoking as I did.‎ گفتگو با منشه امیر: یهودستیزی در درازنای تاریخ در این سری دوم گفتگو با منشه امیر، روزنامه‌نگار برجسته‎ ی اسرائیلی ایرانی تبار ، به درونما‎ی‎ بسیار نگران کننده و شوربختانه همزمان فراگیر یهودی‌ستیزی می‌پردازیم. در حالی که این موضوع در درازنای تاریخ از سویه‌های گوناگون مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است،  و در مقام پدیده‌ای ضد اجتماعی معرفی شده، اما به گونه ای ماندگار و تأثیرگذار در شکل‌دهی اندیشه جامعه معاصر را شکل داده است. همان گونه که در گفتگوی من با منشه امیر درخواهید یافت، پیچیدگی و تداوم این پدیده بسیار دغدغه برانگیز است. گفت‌وگوی ما با بازتاب‌های شخصی منشه امیر درباره تجربه های وی به عنوان یک یهودی ایرانی در رویارویی با یهودی‌ستیزی در ایران آغاز می‌شود. سپس ریشه‌های تاریخی این دشمنانگی را دنبال می‌کنیم، که از دوران باستان آغاز شده و با الهیات شناسی مسیحی سده های میانه، به ویژه اتهام خداکشی یهویان در مقام قاتل عیسا مسیح ، پیوند نزدیکی دارد. این پیش داوری ها در طول زمان، به ویژه در دوران روشنگری سده ی هجدهم اروپا، یهودی ستیزی ابعاد نژادپرستانه و ناسیونالیستی به خود گرفت، به روشنی قابل مشاهده است. این گفتگو که به زبان فارسی انجام شده است، کاوشی ژرف و ظریف پیرامون  ناروایی ها و پیچیدگی های فرهنگی پیرامون جوامع یهودی ارائه می دهد. اگر شما این گفت و شنود را قابل توجه یافتید، مِهر کنید و بی هیچ دریغی در بخش تفسیر این پادکست و در یوتیوب دیدگاه خود را بیان کنید! با سپاس فرشید دلشاد #Antisemitism; #JewishHistory; #Coexistence; #Tolerance; #MenasheAmir; #IranianJews; #TheProtocolsOfZion; #EnlightenmentEra; #ReligiousPersecution; #CulturalComplexity; #AntiZionism; #HistoricalDialogue; #ChristianTheology; #PersianJewishHeritage; #MenasheAmir

Identity in Times of Crisis, Part I: Beyond the Melting Pot Summary:‎ In this episode, we explore the evolving concept of cultural identity in times of crisis. As individuals and ‎communities across the globe—from Native Americans to Middle Eastern migrants—reconnect with ‎their linguistic, cultural, and religious roots, the process of self-identification has taken on new ‎importance. We dive into how cultural identity is no longer about simple assimilation or fitting into the ‎melting pot, but about drawing from deeper historical and cultural roots. A key focus is the Jewish ‎community's unique journey of transcending traditional cultural and religious identifiers, often aligning ‎with liberal and leftist movements. Why is this happening in an era when other groups are reclaiming ‎their cultural heritage? We'll unpack these questions and more.‎ Keywords ‎#CulturalIdentity; #CrisisAndCulture; #HeritageAndRoots; #SelfIdentification; #MigrationAndIdentity; ‎‎#AssimilationDebate; #IdentityCrisis; #CulturalHeritage; #JewishIdentity; #LiberalMovements; ‎‎#TranscendingIdentity; #CulturalResilience; #EthnicIdentity; #HistoricalRoots‎

Iranian Languages and Dialects, Part XIV: Zaza | Zazaki or DimlīSummaryIn this episode, we explore the linguistic position and historical evolution of Dimlī (also known as ‎Zaza), a language from the Northwest Iranian group. Dimlī is part of a larger set of Caspian ‎dialects, including Ṭālešī, Gūrānī, Gīlakī, and Māzandarānī, which share numerous isoglosses—‎common linguistic features—across phonetic, morphological, and lexical structures. The episode ‎delves into how Dimlī, despite its speakers' migration and geographic isolation during the Middle ‎Ages, has retained clear connections with these Caspian dialects, showcasing its deep historical ‎roots.‎We discuss how the Dimlī people, who migrated from the southern Caspian region nearly a ‎millennium ago, have remained linguistically distinct despite having no direct contact with their ‎closest dialect relatives for centuries. Their language, however, continues to preserve linguistic ‎features tied to the Northwest Iranian group, making its classification within the Caspian dialects ‎unmistakable.‎The episode also looks at the morphological structure of Dimlī, particularly its system of noun ‎genders, cases, and the eżāfa construction. The verbal system is equally complex, based on present ‎and past stems, reminiscent of Old Iranian language structures.‎We also explore the connection between Dimlī and the ancient Parthian language, reflecting the ‎historical linguistic continuum within Iran. Although there is no direct predecessor of Dimlī in ‎Old Iranian stages, its shared features with Parthian and Caspian dialects highlight its significance ‎in Iranian linguistic history.‎By the end of the episode, listeners will gain a deeper understanding of the unique linguistic ‎identity of Dimlī, its historical context, and how it fits into the broader spectrum of Iranian ‎languages, with a particular focus on the Caspian dialect group and its historical significance.. For ‎those interested in listening to living dialect of Zaza, I've included a link to a video in the podcast ‎comments where you can hear them in action‎.For those interested in listening to living dialect of Zaza, I've included a link to two videos below where you can hear them in action: ​Zaza Language Monologue .​Zaza. Natural Conversation with indigenous of Zaza in Erzurum Turkey​Ethnologue Database  For Language DemographyKeywords#DimlīLanguage; #NorthwestIranian; #CaspianDialects;#Isoglosses; #IranianLinguistics; #MiddleAgesMigration; #ZazaLanguage;#CaspianRegion; #HistoricalLinguistics; #ParthianConnection; #Morphology;#DimlīVerbs; #IranianLanguages; #LinguisticHistory; #Dialectology

Dr. Einat Wilf on Israeli-Palestinian Conflict‎ (Interview) In this episode, I had the privilege of engaging in a profound conversation with Dr. Einat Wilf on the intricate dynamics of ‎the Israeli-Palestinian and Jewish-Arab conflict. Despite her demanding itinerary between Tel Aviv and Los Angeles, Dr. ‎Wilf, a distinguished expert in Middle Eastern affairs, generously took the time to join me at the Four Seasons Hotel in Los ‎Angeles for a 45-minute discussion. Our conversation explored the nuanced and deeply rooted complexities of one of the ‎world's most enduring geopolitical conflicts.‎ Dr. Wilf is a renowned scholar and former member of the Israeli Knesset, with a distinguished academic background ‎including a BA from Harvard, an MBA from INSEAD, and a PhD in Political Science from the University of Cambridge. Her ‎extensive research, which spans over three decades, has positioned her as a leading authority on the Arab-Israeli conflict. ‎She is also the author of seven influential books and numerous essays on the topic and has served as the Goldman Visiting ‎Professor at Georgetown University.‎ Our dialogue avoided oversimplified narratives and eschewed polarized views of the conflict. Instead, it embraced the ‎multifaceted nature of historical events and the differing perspectives that must be considered. This episode does not aim ‎to provide conclusive answers but rather invites reflection on the challenging realities of the conflict. I encourage listeners ‎to explore the insights shared and draw their own conclusions.‎ For further exploration, I have included Dr. Wilf's biography and links to her published works in the podcast notes. Dr. Einta's Homepege Selected Interviews with Dr. Einat Wilf on YouTube Dr. Einta's Publications We Should All Be Zionists Podcast

Iranian Languages and Dialects, Part XIII: Ossetian | ИРОН ӔВЗАГ This episode is a special tribute to my late professor and mentor, Professor Dr. Roland Bielmeier (1943-2013) Summary In this comprehensive episode, we journey through the rich tapestry of Ossetic cultural history, ‎literature, and language. Starting with the linguistic isolation of Ossetic from its Central Asian ‎relatives, we explore how this language developed unique traits influenced by neighboring Turkic ‎and Caucasian languages. Phonetic changes, such as the introduction of glottal stops, and ‎grammatical adaptations like orientational preverbs and compound verbs, reflect these ‎interactions. Despite external influences, Ossetic retains many core features of Old Aryan, ‎particularly in its verb structure and lack of ergativity.‎ We delve into the pre-literary evidence of Ossetic, examining medieval Alanic inscriptions, word ‎lists, and grammatical sketches, and trace the development of Ossetic writing through early ‎Christian texts and the pioneering efforts of scholars like Ivane Ialghuzidze ივანე ‎იალღუზიძე (1775–1830) and Andrey Sjögren. From early translations of religious texts to the ‎eventual standardization of the Ossetic alphabet, the language has seen significant evolution.‎ Khetägkatị K'osta, the "father" of Ossetic literature, is a central figure in this episode, known for his ‎iconic poetry collection *Iron Fändịr* ("The Ossetic Lyre"). We explore the rise of Ossetic ‎literature after the Russian Revolution and its prominent use of the Iron dialect. Ossetic folklore, ‎particularly the Nart epic cycle—shared with other North Caucasian cultures and rooted in ‎ancient Iranian myths—is highlighted as a significant cultural heritage.‎ The Ossetic lexicon reveals deep Iranian origins, especially in core vocabulary and kinship terms. ‎However, many loanwords from Turkic and Caucasian languages have become embedded in the ‎language, particularly for describing social and natural phenomena. Notably, Azeri Turkish served ‎as a cultural bridge, while Russian has influenced modern technical and political terms.‎ This episode provides a thorough understanding of the linguistic evolution, cultural exchanges, ‎and literary development of Ossetic, offering insights into how historical forces shaped this ‎unique language and its modern dialects. For those interested in listening to living dialects of ‎Balochi, I've included some links to videos here where you can hear them in ‎action: Ossetic Language: Link Comparing Ossetian and Persian Persian and Ossetian in Comparison by ILoveLanguages Listening to an Ossetian Poem Recited by a Native A Look at the Iron or Ossetian Language, Which is One of the Northeastern Iranian Verb Table in Ossetic Ирон: Present ‎Stem Past Stem Gloss mar (мар)‎ mard (мард)‎ to kill cf. mart, mourir etc. ‎ dar (дар)‎ dard (дард)‎ to hold, to keep, cf. dāt, dādan war (уар)‎ ward (уард)‎ to rain cf. bār, bārnān kʼaχ (къах)‎ kʼaχt ‎‎(къахт)‎ to dig dəs (дæс)‎ dəst (дæст)‎ to shave wɨn (уын)‎ wɨnd (уынд)‎ to see cf. bīn, vīn, dīdan dom (дом)‎ domd ‎‎(домд)‎ to demand Keywords ‎#OsseticLiterature; #KhetagkatịKosta; #IronDialect; #OsseticFolklore; #NartEpic; ‎‎#IranianHeritage; #CaucasianCultures; #OsseticLexicon; #LanguageInfluence; #AzeriTurkish; ‎‎#RussianInfluence; #Patronymics; #IranianMythology; #NorthCaucasus; #BalochiDialect; ‎‎#OsseticNames; #TurkicLoanwords; #OsseticCulture‎

Persophony and Persography as Symbols of Iranian Unity and the Reza-Khani OrderIn this presentation, delivered in Persian at the First International Symposium on Iranian Ancient ‎Languages and Scripts - From Turpan to Ctesiphon - on May 15th, 2022, in Dushanbe, the capital of ‎Tajikistan, I explore how the use of Persian, both in writing and speech over the past millennium, has ‎contributed to the concept of Iranian unity and the national identity of the Iranian people. This idea is ‎linked to the establishment of the Rezā Khān Order in 1914, which led to the founding of the first Iranian ‎Academy, known as Farhangestan. The Academy aimed to foster and cultivate the Persian language and ‎literature within Iran's borders.‎The creation of Farhangestān mirrors a broader tradition seen in Western countries, where language ‎academies have sought to protect and nurture national languages for centuries. Examples include the ‎Crusca Academy in Italy (1582), the Alliance Française in France (1620), and the Real Academia Española ‎in Spain (1713). Farhangestān's history in Iran began on May 20, 1935. Although the media rarely ‎acknowledges the early efforts of the Iranian Academy, particularly in the realm of linguistics and the ‎selection and refinement of Persian vocabulary, it is important to note that its foundation was laid earlier, ‎in 1924/1925, by representatives from the Ministries of War, Culture, and Art during the first Pahlavi era. ‎The clear directive from Reza Shah in 1935, known as "Destūre Rezā Khani," formalized these efforts.‎Reza Shah's order was undoubtedly the most systematic and enduring response to the chaotic state of the ‎Persian language at the end of the Qajar period and the early 20th century—a language that had been ‎subjected to foreign influences for over a millennium, absorbing Arabic, Mongolian, and Turkish elements, ‎and now faced the influx of European terms. In this talk, I will highlight some of the key efforts of the ‎Farhangestān Academy, offering prominent examples, while also discussing the challenges the institution ‎has encountered since its inception‎.For full access to the video, including the PowerPoint presentation, please CLIICK HEREپارسی؜ نویسی و پارسی؜ خوانی چونان نماد همبستگی ایرانی و دستور رضاخانیفرهنگستان چونان سازمانی که آرمان آن پاسداری، پشتیبانی، بالش و پرورش زبان ملی یک سرزمین ‏است، در باختر زمین پیشینه؜ ی گاه بیش از چهار سده را در برمی؜گیرد. آکادمی کروسکا در ایتالیا (۱۵۸۲)، ‏آکادمی آلیانس در فرانسه (۱۶۲۰) و رئال آکادمی در اسپانیا (۱۷۱۳) نمونه؜هایی از بنیادهایی هستند که ‏در این زمینه تلاش می کنند. تاریخ فرهنگستان در ایران به ۱۳۱۴ خورشیدی، یعنی به هشتاد و اندی ‏سال پیش بازمی؜ گردد. گرچه امروز در رسانه؜ های گروهی کمتر سخنی از کوشش؜ های نخستین فرهنگستان ‏ایران در زمینه؜ی زبانشناختی و بر پایه؜ی واژه؜ گزینی و پالوده ؜سازی زبان پارسی به میان می؜آید، اما بی؜جا ‏نیست که بدانیم که پیشتاز این اندیشه - که شالوده؜ ی آن پیشاپیش در سال ۱۳۰۳ خورشیدی و از ‏سوی گروهی از نمایندگان وزارت خانه ؜های جنگ، فرهنگ و هنر دوران پهلوی نخست پی؜ریزی شده ؜بود - ‏فرمان روشن رضاشاه در سال ۱۳۱۴ بود که سپس به "دستور رضاخانی" شهره شد. دستور رضاخانی ‏بی؜ گمان بنیادی؜ترین و استوارترین و همچنین سازمان ؜یافته ترین واکنش به زبان پارسی آشفته؜ی پایان ‏دوره؜ی قاجار و آغاز سده ؜ی بیستم میلادی بود، زبانی که در درازنای بیش از یک هزاره در کنار چالش ‏همیشگی ؜اش با عربی و سپس مغولی و ترکی اکنون دستخوش یورش واژگان اروپایی شده بود. در این ‏سخنرانی تلاش بر آن خواهد بود که گوشه؜هایی از تلاش؜ های فرهنگستان را با آوردن نمونه ؜های برجسته ‏نماییم و هم؜زمان چالش؜ هایی را که این بنیاد از آغاز تا کنون پیش روی داشته است، برشماریم. ‏برای دیدن ویدئوی کامل این سخنرانی به همراه ارائه ی پاورپوینت و نمونه تلاش‌های فرهنگستان ایران، لطف کنید اینجا را کلیک کنید! 

Iranian Languages and Dialects, Part XII: LORI | LURI‎‏ لُری ‏ In this episode, I dive into the fascinating world of the Lori language, spoken by ‎about five million people along the Zagros mountain range. We explore the linguistic ‎bridge Lori forms between Kurdish and Persian, and touch on the dialect split ‎between Northern and Southern Lori, marked by the Āb-e Dez River. I also discuss ‎why Lori may be under-researched, partly due to its close ties to Persian. ‎Additionally, we take a look at the inchoative marker used in Lori to indicate ‎changes of state, with real examples from my conversation with Mrs. Fatemeh ‎Bahmani, a native speaker from the Bakhtiari tribe. Don't forget to check the ‎comments for a special recording of a Lori fable!‎ For those interested in listening to living dialects of Lori, I've included a link to a video in the podcast comments where you can hear them in action: The Fable Three Fish in Lori by Fatemeh Bahmani Keywords: #IranianDialects; #ZagrosMountains; #NorthernLori; #SouthernLori; #PersianInfluence; #InchoativeMarker; #MiddlePersian; #LinguisticBridge; #BakhtiariTribe

Iranian Languages and Dialects, Part XI: BALUCHI ‎| BALOCHI Summary In this episode, we delved into the captivating world of the Balochi language, exploring its ‎phonology, grammar, and syntax. We examined how Balochi differentiates itself and connects ‎with other Iranian languages like Parthian and Middle Persian. We discussed its unique syntax ‎features, including its word order and how neighboring languages influence its vocabulary and ‎structure.‎ We also touched on the challenges posed by the lack of a standardized orthography and ‎highlighted the rich oral literature of Balochi, as well as the ongoing efforts to preserve and ‎promote the language. If you're curious about how Balochi interacts with languages such as ‎Persian, Pashto, and various Indian languages, this episode provides a thorough overview. ‎Remember, Orientalistics is ad-free and relies on your support—if you enjoyed this episode, ‎please like it and leave a comment to help spread the word. Thanks for listening!‎ Keywords ‎#BalochiLanguage; #IranianLanguages; #Linguistics; #LanguageDialects; #Phonology; #Grammar; ‎‎#Syntax; #LanguagePreservation; #CulturalHeritage; #MiddlePersian; #Pashto; #Persian; ‎‎#ArabicInfluence; #IndianLanguages; #LanguageEducation; #BalochiDialect; #LinguisticResearch; ‎‎#HistoricalLinguistics; #LanguageBorrowings; #BalochiLiterature; #LanguageDiversity‎ For those interested in listening to living dialects of Balochi, I've included a link to a video in the ‎podcast comments where you can hear them in action: Balochi Language or HERE

Iranian Languages and Dialects, Part X: KHWAREZMIAN ‎ Summary In this episode, I journey into the intriguing world of Khwarezmian | Chorasmian, a Middle Iranian ‎language that reveals a rich linguistic and historical background. Despite Khwarezmian being a ‎dormant language with limited exploration, its historical and linguistic significance is noteworthy. ‎We address the challenges in transcribing and interpreting Khwarezmian texts due to incomplete ‎sources and a less developed writing system. We also discuss how Khwarezmian vocabulary has ‎been preserved, especially through interlinear glosses in a manuscript of the Arabic dictionary ‎Moqaddemat al-ʼAdab. This episode offers an overview of Khwarezmian's grammatical features ‎and its role within the broader Iranian language family. ‎ Keywords ‎#Khwarezmian; #IranianLanguages; #HistoricalLinguistics; #ChorasmianVocabulary; ‎‎#AncientCalendars; #ArabicDictionary; #Zamaḵšarī; #LinguisticGlosses; #Chronology; ‎‎#Astronomy; #OldIranianLanguages; #LanguagePreservation‎

Iranian Languages and Dialects, Part IX: KURDISH Summary In this episode, I explored the rich tapestry of Kurdish languages and their historical evolution. I ‎delved into how Kurdish literary expression was once predominantly poetic, reflecting a broader ‎trend among Iranian languages, such as Pashto and various Iranian dialects. As we moved into the ‎‎20th century, a more diverse range of Kurdish literature began to emerge, with Kurmanji and ‎Sorani becoming the principal written dialects. Sorani, in particular, is notable for its official status ‎in Iraq.‎ I also examined the Zaza-Gorani languages, spoken by ethnic Kurds but not classified as Kurdish ‎in the linguistic sense. While some sources group Zaza-Gorani with Kurdish under the ‎‎"Northwestern" category, others place Kurdish separately in the "Kermanic" grouping. Despite ‎Gorani's distinctiveness from Northern and Central Kurdish, it shares vocabulary and ‎grammatical features with them, and was a significant literary language up until the 20th century.‎ Keywords ‎#KurdishLanguages; #ZazakiGorani; #Kurmanji; #Sorani; #IranianDialects; ‎‎#LanguageClassification; #KurdishLiterature; #Hawrami; #CentralKurdish; #ZazaGoraniDebate; ‎‎#Linguistics; #KurdishIdentity‎

Summary In this episode, I explored the rich history and linguistic features of the Sogdian language, a key ‎player in the cultural tapestry of the ancient Silk Roads. I delved into the unique aspects of ‎Sogdian script, including its evolution and adaptation into other languages like Uighur, ‎Mongolian, and Manchu. ‎ I also discussed the complexities of Sogdian phonology, the influence of the rhythmic law on ‎vowel retention, and the intriguing historical spellings that give us a glimpse into the language's ‎past. We took a look at how Sogdian preserved elements of Old Iranian, such as its nominal ‎declension with three numbers and three genders, while also adapting to new linguistic realities ‎over time. ‎ Keywords ‎#SogdianLanguage; #LinguisticsPodcast; #AncientLanguages; #SilkRoads; #SogdianScript; ‎‎#Phonology; #HistoricalLinguistics; #IranianLanguages; #LanguageEvolution; #MiddleIranian; ‎‎#UighurScript; #MongolianScript; #ManchuScript; #NominalDeclension; #LanguageHistory; ‎‎#MiddleIranianLanguages; #Dialectology; #CulturalLinguistics; #LanguagePreservation; ‎‎#LinguisticHeritage‎ Caption to the Image: Fragmentary decorated Manichean text in Manichean script, ca. mid-8th to early 11th century CE.

Iranian Languages and Dialects, Part VII: Pashto ‎ Summary In this episode, we delve into Pashto, an Iranic language spoken across Afghanistan, Pakistan, and ‎parts of Iran. We explore its significance, dialectal variations, and its deep connection with ‎Pashtun identity. By examining the historical roots and the spread of the language, we uncover ‎how Pashto has shaped and been shaped by the cultural and social dynamics of the region. If you ‎haven't already, I highly recommend listening to my previous episodes on the classification of ‎Iranian languages, as they provide essential background for understanding the context of this ‎discussion. Keywords ‎#PashtoLanguage; #IranicLanguages; #Afghanistan; #Pakistan; #NorthWestFrontier; ‎‎#Baluchistan; #Linguistics; #PashtoDialects; #IranianLanguages; #LanguageHistory; ‎‎#PashtunIdentity; #Podcast; #LanguageAndCulture‎

Antisemitism, Part VIII: The Myth of Anti-Zionism ‎ In this final episode of our series, I explore the intricate relationships between ‎antisemitism and anti-Zionism, tracing their historical and ideological evolution. I ‎delve into how anti-Zionism has transformed from a critique of Israeli policies into a ‎broader ideological weapon often used to perpetuate antisemitic views. We cover the ‎concept of fictive anti-Zionism, marked by exaggerated and unfounded claims, and ‎examine how this rhetoric is employed politically to deflect from internal issues and ‎consolidate power. I also reflect on the global implications of these ideologies, their ‎presence in international forums like the UN, and their impact on cultural and ‎political contexts worldwide. While this series has only scratched the surface, I hope ‎it has sparked thought-provoking questions and encouraged critical reflection. ‎ Keywords ‎#Antisemitism; #AntiZionism; #HistoricalRoots; #FictiveAntiZionism; ‎‎#PoliticalRhetoric; #GlobalVariations; #IdeologicalWeapons; #ConspiracyTheories; ‎‎#UNPolitics; #MiddleEast‎

Antisemitism, Part VII: The New Fissionable Old ‎ In this episode, we delve into the complex and nuanced world of antisemitism and ‎its various dimensions. We explore how current opposition to Zionism often stems ‎not from an understanding of what Zionism truly represents but from accusations ‎and misrepresentations. We discuss how historical and political contexts, such as the ‎influence of Soviet politics and the shifting ideological landscapes, have shaped ‎views on Zionism. Additionally, we examine the role of Western and Third World ‎countries in the ongoing debate and consider how modern antisemitism manifests in ‎today's global context. Join us as we reflect on these intricate issues and continue to ‎question and critically analyze the layers of antisemitism in our contemporary world. ‎Stay tuned for more insights and discussions in future episodes!‎ Keywords ‎ ‎# #Antisemitism; #Zionism; #MiddleEastConflict; #PoliticalAlliances; #SovietUnion; ‎‎#UNResolution; #Racism; #Communism; #WesternDemocracies; #ArabOpposition; ‎‎#IdeologicalDebate; #ProgressiveViews; #ModernAntisemitism; #GlobalPolitics; ‎‎#CriticalReflection; #HistoricalContext‎ The image of this episode is from ADL homepage "Antisemitism in Arab Cartoons during the Israel-Hamas War". For more info please visit this LINK

Antisemitism VI: Modern Arab Antisemitism and Its Islamo-Iranian Roots In this episode, we explored the evolution of antisemitism from its historical roots to ‎its modern manifestations. We discussed how the Iranian Revolution of 1979 and ‎subsequent geopolitical shifts have shaped antisemitic narratives in the Middle East, ‎highlighting Iran's influence in Syria, Lebanon, Yemen, and Iraq. We examined how ‎fundamentalist groups and political movements have used antisemitism to further ‎their agendas, and how these developments connect to contemporary issues in ‎Europe. Stay tuned for our next episode, where we'll delve into antisemitism in ‎modern European countries and its links to its Oriental origins. ‎ Keywords ‎ ‎#Antisemitism; #IranianRevolution; #MiddleEastPolitics; #IslamoIranianInfluence; ‎‎#Lebanon; #Syria; #Yemen; #Iraq; #PalestinianRadicals; #ModernAntisemitism; ‎‎#EuropeanAntisemitism; #GeopoliticalInfluence; #Fundamentalism; ‎‎#ShiiteSunniConflict; #IslamicResistance‎ PS The image of this episode is demonstrating one of the cartoons submitted to Iran's 2016 Holocaust Cartoon Contest. For more information, please check this LINK

Antisemitism, Part V: Jews of Islam: Dhimmis Summary:‎ In this episode, I explored the intricate history of Jews living in lands dominated by ‎Islam. Beginning with the support of Nazi ideology by the grand mufti of Jerusalem ‎in the early 20th century, I examined how this alignment led to a toxic blend of ‎antisemitism fueled by both Nazi propaganda and radical Islamic interpretations. We ‎delved into Sayyid Qutb's ideological foundation for modern Islamic ‎fundamentalism and its enduring impact on antisemitic sentiments across the ‎Muslim world. The discussion also touched on the drastic decline of Jewish ‎communities in the Middle East and North Africa, highlighting the alarming spread ‎of antisemitism in these regions. As I traced the historical shifts in Muslim attitudes ‎towards Jews, especially during times of social and political upheaval, I posed critical ‎questions about the lasting implications of this history on contemporary interfaith ‎relations. ‎ Keywords & Hashtags ‎#JewsInIslamicLands; #Antisemitism; #IslamicHistory; #MiddleEast; #SayyidQutb; ‎‎#NaziPropaganda; #ReligiousConflict; #JewishHistory; #MuslimWorld; ‎‎#InterfaithRelations; #PodcastDiscussion; #IslamicFundamentalism; ‎‎#HistoricalLegacy; #SocialUpheaval; #JewishCommunities; #MiddleEastHistory; ‎‎#RadicalIslam; #NaziInfluence; #JewishExodus; #HistoryPodcast; #Dhimmis ‎‎#AhlAlKitab‎

Antisemitism: Part IV: Arab Antisemitism vs. Christian Antisemitism: IntroSummary:‎In today's episode, we explored the relationship between Jews and Muslims ‎throughout history, particularly under traditional Islamic rule. We discussed how ‎Jews, while being second-class citizens, were granted certain rights and protections ‎that allowed them to coexist with their Muslim neighbors. We also touched on the ‎fact that, unlike Christianity, Islam didn't see Judaism as a significant rival, which ‎shaped the way Jewish communities were treated. Instead of hatred or fear, the ‎Jewish experience was often marked by a kind of condescending tolerance that could ‎turn into repression if boundaries were crossed.Keywords‎#JewishHistory; #IslamicHistory; #InterfaithRelations; #JewishLifeUnderIslam; ‎‎#ReligiousMinorities; #IslamicRule; #Antisemitism; #ChristianityAndIslam; ‎‎#JudeoIslamicRelations; #HistoricalAnalysis; #SecondClassCitizenship; ‎‎#ReligiousTolerance; #PodcastEpisode; #MiddleEasternHistory‎