Iranian language of Afghanistan and Pakistan
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Today's HeadlinesRadicalization of Westerners highlights importance of Muslim ministryThree factors driving persecution in NigeriaHelp fill a critical void by mobilizing Christian resources for kids
How can you embody democratic values?...Hossein in a clinical psychologist, with a PhD awarded by King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychotherapist. He is also a researcher and a writer of both Novels and Psychology Books.Today, Abbie and Hossein explore the relationships between ignorance and knowledge; culture and behavior; and psycho-social factors and democratic values. Hossein talks about his work translating the CosmoKidz activities to Farsi and Pashto, as well as his most recent book, The Valley of Loneliness....Take the Survey here!Subscribe to the CosmoParenting Substack!...Stories Lived. Stories Told. is created, produced & hosted by Abbie VanMeter.Stories Lived. Stories Told. is an initiative of the CMM Institute for Personal and Social Evolution....Music for Stories Lived. Stories Told. is created by Rik Spann....Explore all things Stories Lived. Stories Told. here.Explore all things CMM Institute here.
چیرته چې لوی ذهنونه سره ملاقات کوي: د زده کړې لارې: د پښتنو ماشومانو لپاره تعلیم -- په پاکستان کې، په هرو دریو ماشومانو کې یو له ښوونځي څخه بهر دی، چې پښتانه ماشومان په ځانګړې توګه د پام وړ خنډونو سره مخ دي. ننګونې لکه بې وزلي، فساد، شخړې او د پوهنې په اړه دودیز نظرونه د لاسرسي پر وړاندې خنډونه جوړوي. د دې ستونزو سره سره، ځینې ټولنې دوام لري. د پښتو ژباړل شوي عضوي کیمیا درسي کتاب او د ډاکټر لینګر، ډاکټر ایمري براون او چانسلر می سره درې پوډکاسټ مرکې، له انګلیسي څخه پښتو ته ژباړل شوي. موږ موخه دا ده چې د دې ځوانانو ملاتړ وکړو چې د دوی د زده کړې لپاره مبارزه وکړي. --- Where Great Minds Meet: Paths to Learning: Education for Pashtun Children -- In Pakistan, one in three children is out of school, with Pashtun children facing particularly significant barriers. Challenges such as poverty, corruption, conflict, and traditional views on education create obstacles to access. Despite these difficulties, some communities persevere. Featuring a Pashto translated organic chemistry textbook and three podcast interviews with Dr. Langer, Dr. Emery Brown and Chancellor May, translated from English to Pashto. We aim to support these young adults in their fight for their education.
Kingdom Stories: Wheat and Weeds Matthew 13:24-30 For the bulletin in PDF form, click here. The Parable How Did We Get Here? What is Wrong? Why Are We Here? Where Are We Going?This Week's Growth GuideGod's Word is both central and critical to your spiritual growth. We invite you to utilize the Growth Guide during the week to further your application of the Truth from the message.•. Monday - Genesis 1-2•. Tuesday - Genesis 3-4•. Wednesday - Genesis 5-6•. Thursday - Genesis 7-8•. Friday - Genesis 9-11Home Church Questions 1. Have someone read the parable in Matt. 13:24-30. According to Matt. 13:36-43, what is this parable about?2. The lessons we learn from this parable help explain the Christian worldview. What is a worldview? Why is it important we understand what a worldview is?3. The first question that informs our worldview is: “how did we get here?” How does the Christian worldview explain how we got here and what are some examples of other worldviews that would answer this question differently? What difference should this make in our lives?4. The second question that informs our worldview is: “what is wrong?” In the parable, the enemy sows weeds in the good field. According to the Christian worldview, what is wrong? What is an example of a way you are experiencing the "weeds" of this broken world?5. The third question that informs our worldview is: “why are we here?” The Christian worldview says there is still meaning and purpose even though we live in a fallen world. What is the meaning/purpose of life according to the Christian worldview? What difference should this make in our lives?6. What are some reasons God allows us to remain in a fallen world with pain and suffering and weeds? How might your answer help you respond to the “weeds” you are experiencing right now?7. The fourth question that informs our worldview is: “where are we going?” According to this parable and the Christian worldview, what happens in the end? How is this different from other worldviews? What difference should this make in our lives?8. Who can you talk with about these big questions in hopes of talking about the Gospel? Which of the four questions do you think you would be most likely to “lean into” as you are talking with someone? Why? Mission Highlight - Pray for the Unreached: The Pashtun in Pakistan The Pashtun population stands at 32.7 million, with Islam as the predominant religion and Northern Pashto as the primary language. Christians constitute less than 0.1% of the population. Both written and oral versions of the complete Bible are available, but no movements of the gospel have been reported. Approximately 654 workers are needed, at a ratio of 1 worker per 50,000 people. Focus prayer on sending families to share Jesus' love and forgiveness, scripture translations in Pashto dialects, and inspiring household leaders to embrace Jesus and disciple others, so that Pashtun families turn to Christ and foster faith-based movements within their clans.FinancesWeekly Budget 35,297Giving For 10/13 20,813Giving For 10/20 35,240 YTD Budget 564,754 Giving 497,823 OVER/(UNDER) (66,931) Fellowship 101We invite you to join us on Sunday, November 10, at 9:00 a.m. to learn more about Fellowship. This is a great opportunity to hear about our mission, values, and our ministries. If you're new to Fellowship, join us in the conference room (first floor) to hear what God is doing and where He is taking us. During this time, you will meet some of our ministry leaders and get to ask questions. Register at fellowshipconway.org/register. New to Fellowship?We are so glad that you chose to worship with our Fellowship Family this morning. If you are joining us for the first time or have been checking us out for a few weeks, we are excited you are here and would love to meet you. Please fill out the “Connect Card” and bring it to the Connection Center in the Atrium, we would love to say “hi” and give you a gift. Operation Christmas Child• Operation Christmas Child season is in full swing. Your involvement in Operation Christmas Child is one of the easiest ways to place your finger prints, or the finger prints of your children, on the great things God is doing across the world. These shoe boxes are Gospel opportunities, and used by God in church planting, multi-generation discipleship, and changing lives of entire villages across the world. Would you consider how many boxes you and your family might be called to pack? Go to fellowshipconway.org/occ for more information and how to get involved.• If you are interested in volunteering at the Dallas Processing Center, email Paul Bradley at paul@fellowshipconway.org. The last day to sign up is November 10. Fellowship Kids Family HikeFellowship families plan to join us on Saturday, November 9, at 10:00 a.m. Please bring a picnic lunch and meet us on the playground at Woolly Hollow. We will head out for a fun hike and come back to enjoy a picnic lunch together. Men's Fellowship BreakfastMen, join us for a great breakfast and fellowship on Wednesday, November 14, at 6:00 a.m. here in the Fellowship atrium. No sign-up is needed. Come with your Bible ready to eat, fellowship with other men, and start your day off right through prayer and Biblical insight. Questions? Contact Michael at mharrison@fellowshipconway.org. Feed the Need - Sunday, November 3, 10-2:00 p.m.Multiple ways to serve! First, we need 24 volunteers to serve the day of the event at the Walmart Neighborhood Market. Volunteers will sort, box, load, and help spread the word! Register at fellowshipconway.org/register. Second, you can go to one of the participating grocery stores, shop for items on the list, and drop them with the volunteers in the parking lot! Let's help this year's event be a great success! Prayer During ServiceWe love to pray for one another. Our prayer team will have people at the front of the Auditorium under the signs Hope and Love to pray for you after the message. Please feel free to walk up to them for prayer or encouragement during the first worship song after the message.
Sheikh Uthman Ibn Farouq (one message foundation) come back on the Ansari podcast! For another insightful conversation about all things Quran, bible, politics & Islamic history! Sheikh Uthman ends all debate about Quranic preservation and dives into the history of it's Divine preservation. He tells beautiful stories of Imam Ahmed. And gives an insightful look into Afghani and Pashtun history. Also, UK vs. US Muslims? What's up with that?! The 2 western Muslim communities should be uniting and working together. So what are we missing and what's actually happening? And it wouldn't be Sheikh Uthman Farouq episode without mentioning the errors in the Bible. #muslim #podcast #history #dawah 00:00 The Pope, Korean Jesus, Buddha 07:00 Time Travel: Imam Ahmed 13:36 Sanaa Manuscripts 20:06 Did Uthman change the Quran? 34:10 Pashto & Afghanistan History 43:59 UK vs. US Muslims 54:27 Palestine & Epstein 1:03:45 the Bible 1:11:52 Will the west end up Muslim? 1:23:24 The Pashtun Mandelorian Way 1:29:30 How to get Wife to wear Niqab? 1:35:00 From Gang to Daee: Sheikh Uthman Reflections 1:37:27 Sheikh's dream of Prophet PBUH
Iranian Languages and Dialects, Part XI: BALUCHI | BALOCHI Summary In this episode, we delved into the captivating world of the Balochi language, exploring its phonology, grammar, and syntax. We examined how Balochi differentiates itself and connects with other Iranian languages like Parthian and Middle Persian. We discussed its unique syntax features, including its word order and how neighboring languages influence its vocabulary and structure. We also touched on the challenges posed by the lack of a standardized orthography and highlighted the rich oral literature of Balochi, as well as the ongoing efforts to preserve and promote the language. If you're curious about how Balochi interacts with languages such as Persian, Pashto, and various Indian languages, this episode provides a thorough overview. Remember, Orientalistics is ad-free and relies on your support—if you enjoyed this episode, please like it and leave a comment to help spread the word. Thanks for listening! Keywords #BalochiLanguage; #IranianLanguages; #Linguistics; #LanguageDialects; #Phonology; #Grammar; #Syntax; #LanguagePreservation; #CulturalHeritage; #MiddlePersian; #Pashto; #Persian; #ArabicInfluence; #IndianLanguages; #LanguageEducation; #BalochiDialect; #LinguisticResearch; #HistoricalLinguistics; #LanguageBorrowings; #BalochiLiterature; #LanguageDiversity For those interested in listening to living dialects of Balochi, I've included a link to a video in the podcast comments where you can hear them in action: Balochi Language or HERE
Iranian Languages and Dialects, Part IX: KURDISH Summary In this episode, I explored the rich tapestry of Kurdish languages and their historical evolution. I delved into how Kurdish literary expression was once predominantly poetic, reflecting a broader trend among Iranian languages, such as Pashto and various Iranian dialects. As we moved into the 20th century, a more diverse range of Kurdish literature began to emerge, with Kurmanji and Sorani becoming the principal written dialects. Sorani, in particular, is notable for its official status in Iraq. I also examined the Zaza-Gorani languages, spoken by ethnic Kurds but not classified as Kurdish in the linguistic sense. While some sources group Zaza-Gorani with Kurdish under the "Northwestern" category, others place Kurdish separately in the "Kermanic" grouping. Despite Gorani's distinctiveness from Northern and Central Kurdish, it shares vocabulary and grammatical features with them, and was a significant literary language up until the 20th century. Keywords #KurdishLanguages; #ZazakiGorani; #Kurmanji; #Sorani; #IranianDialects; #LanguageClassification; #KurdishLiterature; #Hawrami; #CentralKurdish; #ZazaGoraniDebate; #Linguistics; #KurdishIdentity
Iranian Languages and Dialects, Part VII: Pashto Summary In this episode, we delve into Pashto, an Iranic language spoken across Afghanistan, Pakistan, and parts of Iran. We explore its significance, dialectal variations, and its deep connection with Pashtun identity. By examining the historical roots and the spread of the language, we uncover how Pashto has shaped and been shaped by the cultural and social dynamics of the region. If you haven't already, I highly recommend listening to my previous episodes on the classification of Iranian languages, as they provide essential background for understanding the context of this discussion. Keywords #PashtoLanguage; #IranicLanguages; #Afghanistan; #Pakistan; #NorthWestFrontier; #Baluchistan; #Linguistics; #PashtoDialects; #IranianLanguages; #LanguageHistory; #PashtunIdentity; #Podcast; #LanguageAndCulture
Today's HeadlinesMyanmar junta loses grip on northern cityNew morality laws from Taliban make gospel resources timelySummer of Hope provides momentum for class of ‘25
Persian, Dari, Tajik: Language Evolution and Varieties The transition from the Sasanian Empire to the Islamic period marked a crucial shift in the Persian language. Following the Arab-Islamic conquest (632-651 CE), Persian evolved into Early New Persian (ENP), spanning from the 8th to the 12th centuries. This period, characterized by gradual linguistic transformation rather than abrupt change, saw Persian shift from Middle Persian (MP) to a form written in Arabic script. Despite these changes, the linguistic differences between 7th-century MP and 10th-century ENP were less pronounced compared to those between ENP and modern Persian. ENP is notable for its regional and religious varieties. Key types include Standard ENP, used by Muslim Iranians and written in Arabic script; Early Judaeo-Persian (EJP), written in Hebrew script by Persian-speaking Jews; Manichean NP, from northeastern Iran; Christian NP, mainly in Central Asia; and Zoroastrian NP, with texts in Middle Persian and Avestan scripts. Manuscripts from these periods vary in preservation and authenticity, with EJP texts providing particularly valuable insights. The Islamic conquest integrated Iran into the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates, yet Persian retained its cultural significance. The Samanid Dynasty (819-1005) and later dynasties like the Ghaznavids and Saljuqs played a key role in establishing Persian as a prominent literary and administrative language. By the late 11th century, Persian had become a major language of literature and scholarship, extending its influence across Central Asia and North India. In Afghanistan, Persian (Dari) and Pashto are the primary languages, with Dari serving as the most widely spoken language and Pashto holding official status. Afghanistan's linguistic landscape reflects its diverse history and geography, with various languages being promoted and preserved. Tajik Persian, or Tojik, is a variant of New Persian used in Central Asia, particularly in Tajikistan and parts of Uzbekistan. It features significant Russian and Uzbek influences and retains some archaic elements of Persian.
Iranian Languages and Dialects In this episode (originally based on my lecture series on Indo-European Linguistics at the FSU Jena), I present a concise study of modern Iranian dialects, examining their historical development, linguistic features, regional differences, and sociolinguistic roles. The aim is to present these topics clearly for students, language enthusiasts, migrants with language heritage, and anyone curious about languages. I begin by clarifying the complex distinction between "languages" and "dialects." While contemporary linguistics often finds this distinction clear, historical contexts make it more challenging. Historically, what we consider a "dialect" might be viewed as a "language" today. For instance, Swedish and Norwegian, though separate languages, are mutually intelligible due to their shared North Germanic roots. Conversely, Mandarin and Cantonese, despite being called dialects of Chinese, are mutually unintelligible and use different writing systems. The Iranian language family, part of the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European family, includes diverse dialects spoken across the Iranian plateau and beyond. These languages are categorized into Old, Middle, and New Iranian stages. Persian, the only language documented across all three stages, evolved from Old Persian of the Achaemenid Empire to Middle Persian of the Sasanian era, and finally to New Persian influenced by the Arab conquest. Proto-Iranian, the precursor to these languages, originated from Proto-Indo-Iranian and is linked to Proto-Indo-European. Iranian languages have spread from Central Asia to Europe and beyond, with notable modern languages including Persian, Ossetic, Kurdish, Baluchi, and Pashto. This episode will explore various Iranian dialects, such as Lori, Baḵtiāri, and Baluchi, and discuss isoglosses—phonetic, grammatical, and lexical features that differentiate these dialects. Understanding these elements helps reveal the linguistic richness and sociolinguistic importance of modern Iranian dialects. Please feel free to send any comments or feedback to my email: grammaticafranca@gmail.com Thanks!
January 26, 2022 NGO visit to a refugee rest house near Batrovci, Serbia On the backroad there is no light, so I do not know, then, from where the shadows come, how they project against the rear windowpane of the van, vaguely humanoid, cutting a steady path like a family in flight across the Pannonian Plain, the Aegean Sea, the Rio Grande. The house, not a home, is not empty but neither can it be called full. When our van comes down the road, sticks its wheels in the mud, parks below the blown-out windows canvassed in tarp, I imagine it causes them some panic. But the men, they welcome us in. We ask them questions, we ask them if they'd like to ask us questions — they don't — we look at the sleeping bags and the etchings on the exposed stone and watch our breath come to life in the winter air. They come outside with us. We open the van, turn on the light, which is so cutting and clear in the dark that the scene now resembles a play on a theater stage. In the night this is the only sound and the only sight — bright light, English, Serbian, Pashto, Farsi, boxes thudding, here are jackets, here are boots, manana, tashakor, assailamu alaikom, best of luck to you, my friends. And so I am trying to decide if here — at the border, where paths parallel for millennia become perpendicular — the world is collapsing in on itself or, rather, bursting forth in a million new directions. This is where it happens. The logic of the world: it implodes, it explodes, it falls apart. Recorded by Zach Goodwin. Part of the Migration Sounds project, the world's first collection of the sounds of human migration. For more information and to explore the project, see https://www.citiesandmemory.com/migration
Today's HeadlinesUnexpected leader takes the helm in IranChildren's gospel resources to go to “regions we've never expected”Summer of Hope helps little girl process trauma
lovethylawyer.comA transcript of this podcast is available at lovethylawyer.com.Go to https://www.lovethylawyer.com/blog for transcripts. In collaboration with the Alameda County Bar Association, Love Thy Lawyer presents an interview with:Spojmie Nasiri, the principal attorney at the Law Office of Spojmie Nasiri PC. She is an experienced immigration attorney with a passion for helping immigrants navigate the complex and often intimidating U.S. immigration system. She received her Bachelor of Arts in Political Science from the University of California, Davis in 1998 and her Juris Doctorate from Golden Gate University, School of Law in 2003. Mrs. Nasiri is a member of the California State Bar and has been practicing immigration law for over 10 years.https://www.nasirilaw.com/ In addition to her legal practice, Mrs. Nasiri is actively involved in various immigrant rights organizations, including the American Immigration Lawyers Association (AILA), and has volunteered her expertise to provide services to the immigrant community. She is a frequent speaker at immigration law conferences and seminars and has been recognized for her outstanding contributions to the field. Mrs. Nasiri has gained widespread recognition as a passionate legal advocate. Her dedication to her profession has been recognized by many organizations. In 2019, she was inducted into the Alameda County Women's Hall of Fame for her unwavering commitment to immigration-related legal work in the community. In 2021 when she was also awarded the Minority Bar Coalition Unity Award by the AILA Northern California Chapter. Additionally, in 2021, Mrs. Nasiri was recognized by Congressman Eric Swalwell in the Congressional Record for her pro bono service to the Afghan community. In 2022 and 2023, Mrs. Nasiri was awarded AILA President's Commendations Award for her tremendous contribution to immigration law. Mrs. Nasiri is fluent in English, Pashto, and Dari. Her law office staff are fluent in Spanish. Alameda County Bar AssociationThe Alameda County Bar Association (ACBA) is a professional membership association for lawyers and other members of the legal profession. The ACBA provides access to ongoing legal education; and promotes diversity and civil rights in the Alameda County legal community. Our mission is to promote excellence in the legal profession and to facilitate equal access to justice. Louis Goodman www.louisgoodman.com louisgoodman2010@gmail.com 510.582.9090 Special thanks to ACBA staff and members: (https://www.acbanet.org/) Louis Goodman www.louisgoodman.comhttps://www.lovethylawyer.com/510.582.9090Music: Joel Katz, Seaside Recording, MauiTech: Bryan Matheson, Skyline Studios, OaklandAudiograms: Paul Roberts louis@lovethylawyer.com
Paul Hughes is an ex specialist air crew in the royal airforce, qualified forensic engineer and weapons inspector who has looked for weapons of mass destruction in the Middle East. He speaks Russian, Arabic and Pashto and has come face to face with notorious names. Connect with us: https://freedompact.co.uk/newsletter (Healthy, Wealthy & Wise Newsletter) https://instagram.com/freedompact https://tiktok.com/personaldevelopment https://twitter.com/freedompactpod freedompact@gmail.com
Razak Khan's Minority Pasts: Locality, Emotions, and Belonging in Princely Rampur (Oxford UP, 2022) explores the diversity of the histories and identities of Muslims in Rampur-the last Muslim-ruled princely state in colonial United Provinces and a city that is pejoratively labelled as the center of "Muslim vote bank" politics in contemporary Uttar Pradesh. The book highlights the importance of locality and emotions in shaping Muslim identities, politics, and belonging in Rampur. The book shows that we need to move beyond such homogeneous categories of nation and region, in order to comprehend local dynamics that allow a better and closer understanding of the historical re-negotiations of politics and identities by Muslims in South Asia. This is the first comprehensive English-language monograph on the local history and politics of Rampur princely state, based on Persian, Pashto, Urdu, Hindi, and English archives and oral histories of Rampuris. The book provides insights into the various facets of the political, economic, religious, literary, socio-cultural, and affective history of Rampur and Rampuris in India and Pakistan. Anindita Ghosh is a doctoral candidate in history at the University of Illinois Chicago. Her dissertation is about the histories of absorption of the eastern native states of South Asia into the nations and their socio- political afterlives in the post- colonial nations. Arighna Gupta is a doctoral candidate in history at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. His dissertation attempts to trace early-colonial genealogies of popular sovereignty located at the interstices of monarchical, religious, and colonial sovereignties in India and present-day Bangladesh. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network
Razak Khan's Minority Pasts: Locality, Emotions, and Belonging in Princely Rampur (Oxford UP, 2022) explores the diversity of the histories and identities of Muslims in Rampur-the last Muslim-ruled princely state in colonial United Provinces and a city that is pejoratively labelled as the center of "Muslim vote bank" politics in contemporary Uttar Pradesh. The book highlights the importance of locality and emotions in shaping Muslim identities, politics, and belonging in Rampur. The book shows that we need to move beyond such homogeneous categories of nation and region, in order to comprehend local dynamics that allow a better and closer understanding of the historical re-negotiations of politics and identities by Muslims in South Asia. This is the first comprehensive English-language monograph on the local history and politics of Rampur princely state, based on Persian, Pashto, Urdu, Hindi, and English archives and oral histories of Rampuris. The book provides insights into the various facets of the political, economic, religious, literary, socio-cultural, and affective history of Rampur and Rampuris in India and Pakistan. Anindita Ghosh is a doctoral candidate in history at the University of Illinois Chicago. Her dissertation is about the histories of absorption of the eastern native states of South Asia into the nations and their socio- political afterlives in the post- colonial nations. Arighna Gupta is a doctoral candidate in history at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. His dissertation attempts to trace early-colonial genealogies of popular sovereignty located at the interstices of monarchical, religious, and colonial sovereignties in India and present-day Bangladesh. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history
Razak Khan's Minority Pasts: Locality, Emotions, and Belonging in Princely Rampur (Oxford UP, 2022) explores the diversity of the histories and identities of Muslims in Rampur-the last Muslim-ruled princely state in colonial United Provinces and a city that is pejoratively labelled as the center of "Muslim vote bank" politics in contemporary Uttar Pradesh. The book highlights the importance of locality and emotions in shaping Muslim identities, politics, and belonging in Rampur. The book shows that we need to move beyond such homogeneous categories of nation and region, in order to comprehend local dynamics that allow a better and closer understanding of the historical re-negotiations of politics and identities by Muslims in South Asia. This is the first comprehensive English-language monograph on the local history and politics of Rampur princely state, based on Persian, Pashto, Urdu, Hindi, and English archives and oral histories of Rampuris. The book provides insights into the various facets of the political, economic, religious, literary, socio-cultural, and affective history of Rampur and Rampuris in India and Pakistan. Anindita Ghosh is a doctoral candidate in history at the University of Illinois Chicago. Her dissertation is about the histories of absorption of the eastern native states of South Asia into the nations and their socio- political afterlives in the post- colonial nations. Arighna Gupta is a doctoral candidate in history at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. His dissertation attempts to trace early-colonial genealogies of popular sovereignty located at the interstices of monarchical, religious, and colonial sovereignties in India and present-day Bangladesh. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/islamic-studies
Razak Khan's Minority Pasts: Locality, Emotions, and Belonging in Princely Rampur (Oxford UP, 2022) explores the diversity of the histories and identities of Muslims in Rampur-the last Muslim-ruled princely state in colonial United Provinces and a city that is pejoratively labelled as the center of "Muslim vote bank" politics in contemporary Uttar Pradesh. The book highlights the importance of locality and emotions in shaping Muslim identities, politics, and belonging in Rampur. The book shows that we need to move beyond such homogeneous categories of nation and region, in order to comprehend local dynamics that allow a better and closer understanding of the historical re-negotiations of politics and identities by Muslims in South Asia. This is the first comprehensive English-language monograph on the local history and politics of Rampur princely state, based on Persian, Pashto, Urdu, Hindi, and English archives and oral histories of Rampuris. The book provides insights into the various facets of the political, economic, religious, literary, socio-cultural, and affective history of Rampur and Rampuris in India and Pakistan. Anindita Ghosh is a doctoral candidate in history at the University of Illinois Chicago. Her dissertation is about the histories of absorption of the eastern native states of South Asia into the nations and their socio- political afterlives in the post- colonial nations. Arighna Gupta is a doctoral candidate in history at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. His dissertation attempts to trace early-colonial genealogies of popular sovereignty located at the interstices of monarchical, religious, and colonial sovereignties in India and present-day Bangladesh. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/south-asian-studies
GotTechED the Podcast Episode 154: 11 Edtech Tools and Websites to Try in 2024Welcome back to GotTechED the podcast this is Episode 154 called “11 Edtech Tools and Websites to Try in 2024”. In this episode, we'll provide you with our most recent mega-list of fun and new edtech tools to check out in 2024. This is another episode you don't want to miss, check it out!Segment 1: UpdatesUpdates12 Days of edtech coming back for year 3Follow along on our YouTube ChannelMarch 12th NJECC ConferenceSegment 2: 11 Edtech Tools to Try in 2024 LumioLumio is the digital learning tool for transforming lessons into active, collaborative learning experiences that engage students on their own devices. Quick DrawHelp teach it by adding your drawings to the world's largest doodling data set, shared publicly to help with machine learning research.Free riceFreerice is an educational trivia game that helps you get smarter while making a difference for people around the world. Every question you answer correctly raises 10 grains of rice for the World Food Programme (WFP) to support its work saving and changing lives around the world.Bean Bean BeanAnswer trivia questions correctly to donate beans to charity.Scribble diffusionTurn your sketch into a refined image using AI.The classroom chefA collection of math sitesPlay KnowordKnoword is the game-based learning platform that makes teaching easier and learning vocabulary almost too fun for words.EducaplayEducaplay is an online tool that lets teachers create free educational games. The site is free to use and eliminates the need for using different software programs.Eduaide.aiEduaide.Ai is an AI-driven platform that helps educators create lesson plans, teaching resources, and assessments.Wordwall.netWordwall.net allows teachers to create interactive games and printed materials for their students. Teachers simply enter the content they want and we automate the rest.Breshna.ioBreshna empowers users to create their own video games with no-code and at lightning speed. Breshna means lightning in the Pashto language, our founder's mother tongue.
At eighteen, Ian Fritz joined the Air Force out of necessity and was soon selected to become an Airborne Cryptologic Linguist in the war in Afghanistan. Over the course of two tours, Fritz listened to the Taliban for hundreds of hours, all over the country night and day, in moments of peace and in the middle of battle. WHAT THE TALIBAN TOLD ME (Simon & Schuster; November 7, 2023) is the powerful memoir of his harrowing experiences coming of age in a war that is lost. Fritz's fluency in Dari and Pashto, the main languages of Afghanistan, is his greatest asset to the military, yet it becomes the greatest liability to his own commitment to the cause. His eavesdropping is critical to supporting Special Forces units on the ground, but there is no training to counter the emotional complexity that develops as you listen to people's most intimate conversations. In WHAT THE TALIBAN TOLD ME, Fritz grapples with pride for his service and despair that he is instrumental in destroying the voices that he hears. Looking back on his service in the Air Force, Fritz shares what he learned about the people of Afghanistan, the war, and himself. Support the podcast by supporting our sponsors at www.hazardground.com/sponsors Shop Amazon! As an Amazon Associate We Earn From Qualifying Purchases...You Know The Deal! (Paid Link) Help grow the show! Spread the word, tell a friend!! Subscribe, rate, and review on Apple Podcasts! Episode Intro Music: “Prelude” by “Silence & Light” (www.silenceandlightmusic.com) Photo Credit: Hazard Ground
Use the timestamps below to guide you better as a leader or individual:- Leadership, mental health, and entrepreneurship with Jeff Kirkham. https://otter.ai/u/YjjJjWhu2milNWmsfsVytiVdRn0?tab=summary&t=1s- Jeff Kirkham jokes about being a "caveman with a big head and big hands" in a former life as an Army Special Forces member and serial entrepreneur.- Chris LoCurto thanks and appreciates the guest for their numerous accomplishments, including being in the Special Forces, owning a coffee company, and being a best-selling author.- Writing a post-apocalyptic novel and emergency preparedness. https://otter.ai/u/YjjJjWhu2milNWmsfsVytiVdRn0?tab=summary&t=217s- Chris LoCurto and Speaker 2 discuss their respective projects, including the black autumn series, a novel that started as a conversation between the two.- Speaker 2 shares how the idea for the novel came about, including their experience in Afghanistan and their co-author's background in emergency preparedness.- Speaker 2 is working on a post-apocalyptic novel series with co-author Jason, with 10 books planned or filmed as a series.- Ready Man is Speaker 2's literature and emergency preparedness company, which has faced social media censorship due to its messages of self-reliance.- Survival skills and community in post-apocalyptic world. https://otter.ai/u/YjjJjWhu2milNWmsfsVytiVdRn0?tab=summary&t=539s- Chris LoCurto and Speaker 2 discuss the importance of self-sufficiency and preparedness during COVID-19, highlighting their own experiences with homesteading and survival skills.- Speaker 2 emphasizes the importance of community and family in times of crisis, citing history as evidence that larger groups are more resilient and better equipped to handle challenges.- The speaker highlights the potential for isolation to lead to psychosis and the benefits of living in a community for mental health, citing examples from history and the Black Autumn series.- Rewilding, community, and mental health. https://otter.ai/u/YjjJjWhu2milNWmsfsVytiVdRn0?tab=summary&t=815s- Chris LoCurto and his wife have turned their farm into a community hub, connecting with like-minded individuals who share their values of living healthily and sustainably.- The community is built on a belief in a Supreme Being, with a focus on faith and spirituality, as seen in the second novel, "White Wasteland."- Speaker 2 discusses the concept of "rewilding" and how it involves using somatic experiences to help people regulate their nervous systems and cope with difficult emotions.- The rewilding program is led by men and women, and participants come from a variety of backgrounds, including those with trauma and CEOs seeking personal growth.- Trauma, healing, and hope through ancient texts and modern psychology. https://otter.ai/u/YjjJjWhu2milNWmsfsVytiVdRn0?tab=summary&t=1176s- Chris LoCurto's program offers hope and practical tools for those struggling with mental health issues.- Speaker 2 emphasizes the importance of understanding psychological aspects of trauma, citing the Bible and other ancient texts as resources.- Overcoming past traumas and managing emotions. https://otter.ai/u/YjjJjWhu2milNWmsfsVytiVdRn0?tab=summary&t=1376s- Chris LoCurto shares his personal experience with overcoming trauma and how it has impacted his life and decision-making.- He encourages listeners to look into the topic and seek help if they have experienced similar trauma, as it is not a one-time fix but a process of healing and growth.- Speaker discusses how understanding the past and being curious about it can help elevate consciousness and move forward.- Speaker recounts a recent experience where they blew up at their kids and realized it was triggered by something from their past.- Speaker shares how they apologized to their kids and learned to be more curious about their own reactions and emotions.- Leadership, authenticity, and emotional intelligence. https://otter.ai/u/YjjJjWhu2milNWmsfsVytiVdRn0?tab=summary&t=1741s- Chris LoCurto discusses the root causes of anxiety, revealing that internal focus and self-centeredness can lead to self-created barriers and emotional struggles.- He emphasizes the importance of taking responsibility and moving away from emotional thinking to gain quality perspective and leadership.- Speaker 2 shares a leadership lesson from Afghanistan: build trust and rapport with Afghans by being authentic and transparent, even when mistakes are made.- Speaker 2 recounts an incident where he apologized to Afghans for US mistakes, and their reaction showed the importance of authenticity in leadership.- Leadership in a military context. https://otter.ai/u/YjjJjWhu2milNWmsfsVytiVdRn0?tab=summary&t=2066s- Chris LoCurto asks Speaker 2 about their experience leading indigenous Commandos in Afghanistan, and Speaker 2 shares how they adjusted their leadership style to connect with people they didn't fully understand.- Speaker 2 reflects on their experience as a missionary in Korea and how it helped them learn how to communicate with people who see the world differently.- Speaker 2 shares a story about building relationships with Afghan commandos during a briefing, demonstrating the importance of trust and integrity in leadership.- The speaker's adherence to moral and ethical standards, particularly in regards to respecting mosques, earns the respect of his fellow soldiers.- Leadership, communication, and ethics. https://otter.ai/u/YjjJjWhu2milNWmsfsVytiVdRn0?tab=summary&t=2400s- Chris LoCurto and Speaker 2 discuss the importance of integrity and trust in leadership, with Speaker 2 sharing his realization that human beings have not changed much over time despite the passage of 1000 years.- Speaker 2 reflects on his own age and generation, joking about being a Gen X or Gen Y individual, and how his experiences and insights have translated into his leadership approach.- Speaker 2 emphasizes the importance of authenticity and morals in personal and professional life, citing the benefits of surrounding oneself with like-minded individuals.- Chris LoCurto agrees, highlighting the reciprocal nature of sharing knowledge and problem-solving within industries.- Chris LoCurto highlights the importance of high-quality communication in leadership, citing it as the most common issue he encounters.- Speaker 2 shares their experience in the military, where communication is prioritized as the key to cohesive units and accomplishing missions.- Communication struggles in war zones and overcoming them through language and cultural understanding.https://otter.ai/u/YjjJjWhu2milNWmsfsVytiVdRn0?tab=summary&t=2895s- Communication struggles in war zones include language barriers, overcoming them through clear and consistent messaging.- Jeff learned Dari and Pashto to communicate with Afghans and build relationships.- He carried an AK-47 and learned to be proficient with it, showing his willingness to do the same tasks as his team.- Nursing school, healthcare, and emergency preparedness. https://otter.ai/u/YjjJjWhu2milNWmsfsVytiVdRn0?tab=summary&t=3215s- Chris LoCurto's wife encouraged him to go back to school and become a nurse, which he did despite initial reservations.- Chris found the experience of going back to school for nursing to be cathartic, especially in the healthcare field, and he appreciated the opportunity to learn for the sake of learning.- Sarah, a nursing school graduate, found a new passion in rewilding after struggling with nursing school exams.- She integrated her knowledge of physiology and psychology from nursing school into her rewilding retreats, helping others prepare for stressful situations.- Managing stress and pressure in high-demand jobs. https://otter.ai/u/YjjJjWhu2milNWmsfsVytiVdRn0?tab=summary&t=3546s- The speaker credits their supportive wife for helping them manage the demand and stress of their various roles, including being in the Special Forces and running businesses.- The speaker's wife provides honest feedback, reads articles, and covers their weaknesses, making them an invaluable support system.- Speaker 2 explains the psychology of humans under stress and how it relates to shooting techniques, emphasizing the importance of understanding one's body's response to stress to become a better shooter.- Speaker 2 advocates for warming up one's brain and nervous system before engaging in stressful events to reduce stress levels and perform better.- Personal growth and self-awareness. https://otter.ai/u/YjjJjWhu2milNWmsfsVytiVdRn0?tab=summary&t=3918s- Young Jeff is advised by older Jeff to not wait to read and continue learning.- Young Jeff should figure out what is deeply important to him and what he wants to achieve in life, and then take action towards those goals to avoid disappointments.- The speaker has faced many disappointments in life, but looking back, he can see that those experiences have led him to w
Ian Fritz is the author of What the Taliban Told Me, a nuanced look at what it was like to undertake intensive language training at The Defense Language Institute (DLI) in not one, but two languages (Dari and Pashto), serve as an "Airborne Cryptologic Linguist" (ACL) in the United States Air Force (USAF), and spy on the Taliban from low-flying gunships. During his two tours in Afghanistan, he eavesdropped on the Taliban for hundreds of hours, shared intelligence with various Special Forces units on the ground, and—according to official records—totaled 123 "insurgents EKIA" ("enemies killed in action"). But the more conversations he heard below, the more conflicted he became about his job, the war, the killing, and even his desire to continue living. His increasing linguistic fluency and cultural familiarity had humanized the enemy. It created a "moral injury" that Ian feared would never heal... In the interview, we talk about Ian's experience learning languages at DLI, his experience as an Airborne Cryptologic Linguist, what he would do differently if he started a new language from scratch, and his best tips for beginner and intermediate language learners.
Dedication opportunities are available for episodes and series at https://ohr.edu/donate/qa Questions? Comments? podcasts@ohr.edu (Updated audio) 00:00 How do name changes work? 04:33 What are the differences between "mituvecha" and mituvah" and between "sim shalom" and "shalom rav"? 16:43 Why are there so many machlokos in the Oral Torah if Moshe was told only one version by God? 24:15 Why is there so much anti-Israel sentiment? 28:56 If God could have made ultimate pleasure, why bother making us? 34:54 Is there any truth to the claim that the Pashto are of the Lost Tribes? 41:08 Is a one-state solution morally wrong? 47:00 What is the definition of Jewish music, and can that include rap? 51:13 Why should Ishmael be rewarded for prayer if those prayers are directed to an incorrect conception of God? 54:02 What is the meaning of the blessings to Ishmael? 57:23 Did the Generation of the Dispersion really think the Tower of Babel would work? 1:00:27 Is there a reason a trustworthy, disciplined man should get an Internet filter? 1:02:57 What is the importance of humility and how might one be humble? 1:07:55 What exactly is Neturei Karta? 1:19:05 How has this war changed the Haredi opinion on the state? 1:26:43 How much caution should one take to turn the faucet to the cold side on Shabbos? 1:28:51 Why would Avraham marry Hagar if he had prophetic visions of other offspring? 1:32:49 How can one tell who is a Yaakov Jew and who is an Avraham Jew? Yeshivat Ohr Somayach located in the heart of Jerusalem, is an educational institution for young Jewish English-speaking men. We have a range of classes and programs designed for the intellectually curious and academically inclined - for those with no background in Jewish learning to those who are proficient in Gemara and other original source material. To find the perfect program for you, please visit our website https://ohr.edu/study_in_israel whatsapp us at https://bit.ly/OSREGISTER or call our placement specialist at 1-254-981-0133 today! Subscribe to the Rabbi Breitowitz Q&A Podcast at https://plnk.to/rbq&a Submit questions for the Q&A with Rabbi Breitowitz https://forms.gle/VCZSK3wQJJ4fSd3Q7 Subscribe to our YouTube Channel at https://www.youtube.com/c/OhrSomayach/videos You can listen to this and many other Ohr Somayach programs by downloading our app, on Apple and Google Play, ohr.edu and all major podcast platforms. Visit us @ https://ohr.edu PRODUCED BY: CEDAR MEDIA STUDIOS
When Ian Fritz joined the Air Force at eighteen, he did so out of necessity. He hadn't been accepted into college thanks to an indifferent high school career. He'd too often slept through his classes as he worked long hours at a Chinese restaurant to help pay the bills for his trailer-dwelling family in Lake City, Florida. But the Air Force recognizes his potential and sends him to the elite Defense Language Institute in Monterey, California, to learn Dari and Pashto, the main languages of Afghanistan. By 2011, Fritz was an airborne cryptologic linguist and one of only a tiny number of people in the world trained to do this job on low-flying gunships. He monitors communications on the ground and determines in real time which Afghans are Taliban and which are innocent civilians. This eavesdropping is critical to supporting Special Forces units on the ground, but there is no training to counter the emotional complexity that develops as you listen to people's most intimate conversations. Over the course of two tours, Fritz listens to the Taliban for hundreds of hours, all over the country night and day, in moments of peace and in the middle of battle. What he hears teaches him about the people of Afghanistan-Taliban and otherwise-the war, and himself. Fritz's fluency is his greatest asset to the military, yet it becomes the greatest liability to his own commitment to the cause. Both proud of his service and in despair that he is instrumental in destroying the voices that he hears, What the Taliban Told Me is a brilliant, intimate coming-of-age memoir and a reckoning with our twenty years of war in Afghanistan.
When Ian Fritz joined the Air Force at eighteen, he did so out of necessity. He hadn't been accepted into college thanks to an indifferent high school career. He'd too often slept through his classes as he worked long hours at a Chinese restaurant to help pay the bills for his trailer-dwelling family in Lake City, Florida. But the Air Force recognized his potential and sent him to the elite Defense Language Institute in Monterey, California, to learn Dari and Pashto, the main languages of Afghanistan. By 2011, Fritz was an airborne cryptologic linguist and one of only a tiny number of people in the world trained to do this job on low-flying gunships. He monitored communications on the ground and determined in real time which Afghans are Taliban and which are innocent civilians. This eavesdropping was critical to supporting Special Forces units on the ground, but there is no training to counter the emotional complexity that develops as you listen to people's most intimate conversations. Over the course of two tours, Fritz listened to the Taliban for hundreds of hours, all over the country night and day, in moments of peace and in the middle of battle. What he heard taught him about the people of Afghanistan—Taliban and otherwise—the war, and himself. Fritz's fluency is his greatest asset to the military, yet it becomes the greatest liability to his own commitment to the cause. Both proud of his service and in despair that he is instrumental in destroying the voices that he hears, What the Taliban Told Me is a brilliant, intimate coming-of-age memoir and a reckoning with our twenty years of war in Afghanistan. https://www.ianlfritz.com/ What the Taliban Told Me - https://bit.ly/49pTYR9 What I Learned While Eavesdropping on the Taliban (Atlantic Article) - https://bit.ly/3u2O34p Support this podcast: Thank you to our sponsor: Tobacco Free Adagio Health: https://tobaccofree.adagiohealth.org/ The Scuttlebutt is now on Wreaths Across America Radio. You listen in any time with this live link: https://www.wreathsacrossamerica.org/radio To find out more information about the Veterans Breakfast Club and view our upcoming schedule of online and in-person events, visit our website at: http://www.veteransbreakfastclub.org/ #podcast #zoom #scuttlebutt #thescuttlebutt #humor #storytelling #headlines #news #oralhistory #militaryhistory #roundtable #navy #army #airforce #marinecorps #marines #military #coastguard #veteran #veterans #veteransbreakfastclub #vbc #nonprofit #501c3 #veterans #veteran #vet #militaryhistory #usarmy #army #vietnam #usnavy #navy #pilot #airforce #veteranowned #coastguard #aviators #militaryveterans #Iraq #vietnamveterans #veteransstories #veteranshistory #veteranshistoryproject #veteranstravel #veteranstrips #veteranshistoricaltours #veteransoralhistory #militaryretirees #armyretirees #navyretirees #warstories #airforce #vietnamwar #veteraninterview
When Ian Fritz joined the Air Force at eighteen, he did so out of necessity. He hadn't been accepted into college thanks to an indifferent high school career. He'd too often slept through his classes as he worked long hours at a Chinese restaurant to help pay the bills for his trailer-dwelling family in Lake City, Florida. But the Air Force recognizes his potential and sends him to the elite Defense Language Institute in Monterey, California, to learn Dari and Pashto, the main languages of Afghanistan. By 2011, Fritz was an airborne cryptologic linguist and one of only a tiny number of people in the world trained to do this job on low-flying gunships. He monitors communications on the ground and determines in real time which Afghans are Taliban and which are innocent civilians. This eavesdropping is critical to supporting Special Forces units on the ground, but there is no training to counter the emotional complexity that develops as you listen to people's most intimate conversations. Over the course of two tours, Fritz listens to the Taliban for hundreds of hours, all over the country night and day, in moments of peace and in the middle of battle. What he hears teaches him about the people of Afghanistan-Taliban and otherwise-the war, and himself. Fritz's fluency is his greatest asset to the military, yet it becomes the greatest liability to his own commitment to the cause. Both proud of his service and in despair that he is instrumental in destroying the voices that he hears, What the Taliban Told Me is a brilliant, intimate coming-of-age memoir and a reckoning with our twenty years of war in Afghanistan.
Ian Fritz is a former USAF Airborne Cryptologic Linguist that was a crew member on the AC-130 W. Ian's more than 3 years of language training enabled him to listen in on enemy radio transmissions and update the AC-130 crew and ground forces in real-time. Ian attended the Defense Language Institute (DLI) to learn how to fluently speak Dari and Pashto before supporting the Air Force Special Operations Command during two deployments to Afghanistan.Support the showhttps://www.patreon.com/formeractionguyshttps://www.jcramergraphics.comhttps://www.ANGLICOshop.comBuy Ian's Bookhttps://www.simonandschuster.com/books/What-the-Taliban-Told-Me/Ian-Fritz/978166801069300:00:00 Intro | Joining the Air Force00:09:59 Air Force Basic Training00:13:44 Language Training00:25:43 Maintaining Language Proficiency00:32:27 AC-130 Gunship00:36:47 Cryptologic Linguist's on an AC-13000:40:24 Listening to the Enemy00:47:43 First Mission00:54:50 From Combat to Coffee | Aircrew Life00:58:25 Finding an Outlet01:14:14 Writing a Book Honestly01:21:45 Fall of Afghanistan
Assalamualaikum, I hope you learn lots and enjoy this Quran Tafseer by Mufti Abullah Shah. New Episodes will be uploaded soon InshAllah. Would love if you could leave a positive review. Thank You and May Allah Grant us All Jannah. You can leave a review here: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/quran-tafseer-in-pashto-by-mufti-abdullah-shah/id1601898118 --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/thrivestudios/message
Assalamualaikum, I hope you learn lots and enjoy this Quran Tafseer by Mufti Abullah Shah. New Episodes will be uploaded soon InshAllah. Would love if you could leave a positive review. Thank You and May Allah Grant us All Jannah. You can leave a review here: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/quran-tafseer-in-pashto-by-mufti-abdullah-shah/id1601898118 --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/thrivestudios/message
Assalamualaikum, I hope you learn lots and enjoy this Quran Tafseer by Mufti Abullah Shah. New Episodes will be uploaded soon InshAllah. Would love if you could leave a positive review. Thank You and May Allah Grant us All Jannah. You can leave a review here: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/quran-tafseer-in-pashto-by-mufti-abdullah-shah/id1601898118 --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/thrivestudios/message
With constant new developments in Israel and Gaza, we find out how BBC Monitoring is reporting and analysing news from the heart of the conflict. Joel Greenberg from the team in Jerusalem tells us about the war of words between Israeli and Palestinian media; Kian Sharifi analyses what's being said on Iranian state media and social media; and Alex Wright has been looking at online jihadist sources to see how they are exploiting the conflict. Feeling the heat in Brazil Parts of Brazil have just come through an intense heatwave and are braced for another – and it's not even the summer season yet. For BBC Brasil, Julia Braun has been to two contrasting neighbourhoods in Sao Paulo to see how differently the heat is experienced, according to where you live. Dars - the BBC's distance learning for children in Afghanistan As a result of the Taliban exclusion of girls aged over 11 from education in Afghanistan, BBC Afghan decided to bring the classroom to their homes. Dars - which means lessons - is a multi-platform series in Pashto and Dari, and a second season has just been launched. We find out more from producer Mariam Aman. The return from the brink of Kazakhstan's saiga antelope The rare saiga antelope of Kazakhstan has turned into a success story - and caused a headache for farmers. Twenty years ago, numbers were critically low, but a successful rehabilitation programme has led to a population of close to two and a half million. Now the animals are moving onto farmland in search of food, and farmers are complaining. Elbek Daniyarov of BBC Monitoring shares the story. (Photo: A map of the Gaza Strip under a magnifying glass. Credit: Pawel.Gaul/Getty Images)
Assalamualaikum, I hope you learn lots and enjoy this Quran Tafseer by Mufti Abullah Shah. New Episodes will be uploaded soon InshAllah. Would love if you could leave a positive review. Thank You and May Allah Grant us All Jannah. You can leave a review here: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/quran-tafseer-in-pashto-by-mufti-abdullah-shah/id1601898118 --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/thrivestudios/message
Assalamualaikum, I hope you learn lots and enjoy this Quran Tafseer by Mufti Abullah Shah. New Episodes will be uploaded soon InshAllah. Would love if you could leave a positive review. Thank You and May Allah Grant us All Jannah. You can leave a review here: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/quran-tafseer-in-pashto-by-mufti-abdullah-shah/id1601898118 --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/thrivestudios/message
Assalamualaikum, I hope you learn lots and enjoy this Quran Tafseer by Mufti Abullah Shah. New Episodes will be uploaded soon InshAllah. Would love if you could leave a positive review. Thank You and May Allah Grant us All Jannah. You can leave a review here: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/quran-tafseer-in-pashto-by-mufti-abdullah-shah/id1601898118 --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/thrivestudios/message
Assalamualaikum, I hope you learn lots and enjoy this Quran Tafseer by Mufti Abullah Shah. New Episodes will be uploaded soon InshAllah. Would love if you could leave a positive review. Thank You and May Allah Grant us All Jannah. You can leave a review here: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/quran-tafseer-in-pashto-by-mufti-abdullah-shah/id1601898118 --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/thrivestudios/message
Assalamualaikum, I hope you learn lots and enjoy this Quran Tafseer by Mufti Abullah Shah. New Episodes will be uploaded soon InshAllah. Would love if you could leave a positive review. Thank You and May Allah Grant us All Jannah. You can leave a review here: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/quran-tafseer-in-pashto-by-mufti-abdullah-shah/id1601898118 --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/thrivestudios/message
Assalamualaikum, I hope you learn lots and enjoy this Quran Tafseer by Mufti Abullah Shah. New Episodes will be uploaded soon InshAllah. Would love if you could leave a positive review. Thank You and May Allah Grant us All Jannah. You can leave a review here: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/quran-tafseer-in-pashto-by-mufti-abdullah-shah/id1601898118 --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/thrivestudios/message
Assalamualaikum, I hope you learn lots and enjoy this Quran Tafseer by Mufti Abullah Shah. New Episodes will be uploaded soon InshAllah. Would love if you could leave a positive review. Thank You and May Allah Grant us All Jannah. You can leave a review here: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/quran-tafseer-in-pashto-by-mufti-abdullah-shah/id1601898118 --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/thrivestudios/message
It starts with downloading an app but pretty soon some scammers are going through your data, messaging your contacts, threatening you with violence and destroying your life. Poonam Agarwal from the BBC Eye Investigation team tells us about the blackmailers and the string of at least sixty suicides they're connected to. Plus: How do young women in Afghanistan get an education when they're banned from going to secondary school by the Taliban? We hear about Dars, the BBC programme that offers lessons online and through TV and radio. Mariam Aman, one of the show's producers, and Shazia Haya, a Pashto-language co-host, tell us more.If you've been affected by issues discussed in this episode, details of organisations offering information and support are available at bbc.co.uk/actionline.Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 0330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: Hannah Gelbart Producers: William Lee Adams and Alex Rhodes Editors: Verity Wilde and Simon Peeks
Assalamualaikum, I hope you learn lots and enjoy this Quran Tafseer by Mufti Abullah Shah. New Episodes will be uploaded soon InshAllah. Would love if you could leave a positive review. Thank You and May Allah Grant us All Jannah. You can leave a review here: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/quran-tafseer-in-pashto-by-mufti-abdullah-shah/id1601898118 --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/thrivestudios/message
Assalamualaikum, I hope you learn lots and enjoy this Quran Tafseer by Mufti Abullah Shah. New Episodes will be uploaded soon InshAllah. Would love if you could leave a positive review. Thank You and May Allah Grant us All Jannah. You can leave a review here: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/quran-tafseer-in-pashto-by-mufti-abdullah-shah/id1601898118 --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/thrivestudios/message
Assalamualaikum, I hope you learn lots and enjoy this Quran Tafseer by Mufti Abullah Shah. New Episodes will be uploaded soon InshAllah. Would love if you could leave a positive review. Thank You and May Allah Grant us All Jannah. You can leave a review here: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/quran-tafseer-in-pashto-by-mufti-abdullah-shah/id1601898118 --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/thrivestudios/message
Assalamualaikum, I hope you learn lots and enjoy this Quran Tafseer by Mufti Abullah Shah. New Episodes will be uploaded soon InshAllah. Would love if you could leave a positive review. Thank You and May Allah Grant us All Jannah. You can leave a review here: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/quran-tafseer-in-pashto-by-mufti-abdullah-shah/id1601898118 --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/thrivestudios/message
Assalamualaikum, I hope you learn lots and enjoy this Quran Tafseer by Mufti Abullah Shah. New Episodes will be uploaded soon InshAllah. Would love if you could leave a positive review. Thank You and May Allah Grant us All Jannah. You can leave a review here: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/quran-tafseer-in-pashto-by-mufti-abdullah-shah/id1601898118 --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/thrivestudios/message
When an influx of Afghan refugees started arriving in Minnesota after the fall of Kabul two years ago, the humanitarian nonprofit Alight jumped in to help them build new lives here.“We partnered with the state of Minnesota in setting up homes,” said Sonia Anunciacion, Afghan program lead for Minneapolis-based Alight. “So anything you'd think would go into a home, is what we put in there: culturally and religious specific items like prayer rugs, books in Dari and Pashto, Qurans, foods to make an Afghan meal.”But those items alone can't make a home.“As we were meeting this community, we heard a lot about isolation, depression,” Anunciacion recalled. “They're disconnected from the community now that they're spread across the Twin Cities. And there are so many barriers for them to have that sense of community again.”So Alight talked with some of the refugee women and made a discovery.“They told us they love to sew,” Anunciacion said. “And so we thought, what a great way to get the women together. We'll provide a safe space for them to just be free to get to know one another.”A lifeline of thread, wrapped around a spool or wound around a bobbin.And so that happened this summer, at Westwood Community Church in Bloomington, Minn. About 30 women gathered there on Wednesday nights, had dinner, got on-site child care, spent some time with a needle and their own sewing machine to take home, courtesy of Building Blocks of Islam, a charity based in Columbia Heights, Minn.Roqia Joya, a fellow refugee, was one of the guides for the group. She said clothing is a cultural touchstone for Afghan families — and isn't readily replicated, even elsewhere in the Islamic world, like Turkey and Iran. International shipping also can be prohibitively expensive, particularly from Afghanistan. “We do have over there, back in our country, this culture that people are sewing, especially in wedding parties or cultural parties,” she said through an interpreter.It's also a simple matter of practicality: Many Afghan refugees were suddenly uprooted, escaping with little more, literally, than the clothes on their backs. They left behind the support of their families, their jobs, their homes. Sewing lets them repair and tailor their clothes, readily and inexpensively.Laila Joya, who worked for an American cultural exchange program, said tailors and seamstresses back in Afghanistan readily shared their skills.“They had courses, and girls went there and learned how to sew, and then they sewed clothes for themselves and their families,” she said. “In Afghanistan, it was one of my favorite things that I learned.”And she kept at it after she and her husband fled to the U.S. two years ago, when she was pregnant with their first child.“Most of the time I go to the stores, and I buy some clothes and ... I don't like the way they are sewn, or it does not fit,” she said. “So it was my wish that I have something that I could sew for myself and it would fit and I would be comfortable with that.”She also likes making clothes for her daughter — and even brought her along as she joined other Afghan women at the sewing circle.Organizers of the group say they've seen it make a difference.“I think sewing is really therapeutic,” said Alight's Sonia Anunciacion. “Just looking back to when I first met these women — they were very pale. There [were] hardly any smiles, which is understandable. Now they are full of laughs. They gather together outside of our program as well. I just went to two engagement parties a couple weeks ago, and these women know each other through our programming. So it's made quite a difference in their lives.”Another group of 30 Afghan women started a new sewing circle in recent days. Alight is taking donations to help keep the program going. You can find out how to give at wearealight.org.
Dima Syrotkin is the visionary force behind Pandatron.ai Dima's mission is to enhance the self-awareness and maturity of everyone, and his business Pandatron.ai helps accomplish that by making coaching more accessible by AI. He lives his life between San Francisco USA & Helsinki Finland and runs a fascinating podcast called Moonshots. In today's episode Dimas Syrotkin shares: How transformation programs fail because of mindset, behaviour, and culture Why do large organizations find problems in trying to coach thousands of people, and how can AI help with this? How AI can identify patterns of what people are struggling with (anonymously) and give practical insights can be gleaned from the data That there is typically an 80% adoption rate within organizations so far. His journey of raising VC funds and his Pashto profitability this year. How ‘Delegation' has been the key to growing his start-up and attracting high-caliber team members. Life-Changing Questions: “Who are you?” This helps you uncover what is important for you and helps you become more self-aware and mature. This led Dima to create a scalable business to positively impact more people. “If you were the boss, what would you do?” This can be very powerful and helps people think of things more constructively and helps them identify actions they can take. How AI may impact humans going forwards: In the next 5-10 years, executive coaching for coaches should not go away because AI is not quite comparable yet, and there is a relationship between people. Beyond ten years, AI coaches / human coaches may be indistinguishable; and society is changed massively since sales, customer service, lawyers, etc can also be replaced by AI. Coaches can leverage this tool to help get more data and information for their executive clients. Resources mentioned in this showhttps://pandatron.ai/ https://www.linkedin.com/in/dimasyrotkin/ If you would like more insights on profit maximization for your business, visit www.ProfitHive.com.au
What's the best way to work with community organizations to recruit and retain workers from underserved communities to benefit your industry?In this episode of Associations Thrive, host Joanna Pineda interviews Jennifer Poff, Executive Director from North State Building Industry Association Foundation. Jennifer introduces the Foundation, talks about her journey to becoming ED, and then talks about how the Foundation is thriving and serving the Sacramento area. Jennifer discusses:How the Foundation is looking to change the makeup of the residential construction industry in the Sacramento area, which is still predominantly white and male.How the Foundation works with over 100 community organizations to recruit and nurture underserved communities; it really does take a village to help people achieve their dream jobs.How the Foundation has staff who speak languages like Farsi and Pashto to better serve immigrants from around the world.How Project My Own Bed gives kids their own bed AND gives their students experience and a connection to the community.How the Foundation has an annual poker tournament to raise funds for the Foundation's work.References:North State Building Industry FoundationProject My Own Bed
Nuala McGovern talks to Costanza Hermanin from the European University Institute in Florence and Sarah De Lange from the University of Amsterdam about the success of this new breed of female leader. In Afghanistan, the new school year has started. But for the second year running, a Taliban ban is keeping teenage girls out of school. The BBC World Service has launched a brand-new education series for children in the country aged 11-16 who are deprived from school, including girls whose secondary education has been stopped by the ruling Taliban. It's called Dars, which means 'lesson' in Dari and Pashto, the two national languages in Afghanistan. It is the first multi-platform educational programme for Afghan youth. We hear from one of the presenters of the programme Shazia Haya and one of its producers, Mariam Amam. Are you afraid of the big, bad wolf? Where does this fear come from? Author Erica Berry was determined to find out after researching wild wolves in her home state of Oregon. In her book ‘Wolfish' she searches through folklore and literature to see how wolves have become the symbol of predatory men and how that has shaped our fear. Presenter: Nuala McGovern Producer: Lisa Jenkinson Studio Manager: Bob Nettles
This episode we look at some of the physical evidence from this period. In particular, since we are talking about the sovereign known as Ankan Tenno, we will look at a glass bowl, said to have come from his tomb, which appears to have made its way all the way from Sassanid Persia to Japan between the 5th and 6th centuries CE. Along the way we'll take a brief look at the route that such an item may have taken to travel across the Eurasian continent all the way to Japan. For more on this episode, check out https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-79 Rough Transcript: Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan. My name is Joshua, and this is Episode 79: Ankan's Glass Bowl. We are currently in the early part of the 6th century. Last episode was our New Year's wrapup, but just before that we talked about the reign of Magari no Ōye, aka Ohine, aka Ankan Tennō. According to the Chronicles, he was the eldest son of Wohodo, aka Keitai Tennō, coming to the throne in 534. For all of the various Miyake, or Royal Grannaries, that he granted, his reign only lasted about two years, coming to an unfortunate end in the 12th month of 535. The Chronicles claim that Ohine was 70 years old when he died, which would seem to indicate he was born when his father, Wohodo, was only 13 years of age. That seems rather young, but not impossibly so. It is said that Ankan Tennō was buried on the hill of Takaya, in the area of Furuichi. And that is where my personal interest in him and his short reign might end, if not for a glass bowl that caught my eye in the Tokyo National Museum. Specifically, it was the Heiseikan, which is where the Tokyo National Museum hosts special exhibitions, but it also hosts a regular exhibition on Japanese archaeology. In fact, if you ever get the chance, I highly recommend checking it out. I mean, let's be honest, the Tokyo National Museum is one of my favorite places to visit when I'm in Tokyo. I think there is always something new—or at least something old that I find I'm taking a second look at. The Japanese archaeology section of the Heiseikan covers from the earliest stone tools through the Jomon, Yayoi, Kofun, and up to about the Nara period. They have originals or replicas of many items that we've talked about on the podcast, including the gold seal of King Na of Wa, the Suda Hachiman mirror, and the swords from Eta Funayama and Inariyama kofun, which mention Wakatakiru no Ōkimi, generally thought to be the sovereign known as Yuuryaku Tennō. They also have one of the large iron tate, or shields, on loan from Isonokami Shrine, and lots of bronze mirrors and various types of haniwa. Amongst this treasure trove of archaeological artifacts, one thing caught my eye from early on. It is a small, glass bowl, round in shape, impressed throughout with a series of round indentations, almost like a giant golf ball. Dark brown streaks crisscross the bowl, where it has been broken and put back together at some point in the past. According to the placard, this Juuyo Bunkazai, or Important Cultural Property, is dated to about the 6th century, was produced somewhere in West Asia, and it is said to have come from the tomb of none other than Ankan Tennō himself. This has always intrigued me. First and foremost there is the question of provenance—while there are plenty of tombs that have been opened over the years, generally speaking the tombs of the imperial family, especially those identified as belonging to reigning sovereigns, have been off limits to most archaeological investigations. So how is it that we have artifacts identified with the tomb of Ankan Tennō, if that is the case? The second question, which almost trumps the first, is just how did a glass bowl from west Asia make it all the way to Japan in the 6th century? Of course, Japan and northeast Asia in general were not strangers to glassmaking—glass beads have a long history both on the Korean peninsula and in the archipelago, including the molds used to make them. However, it is one thing to melt glass and pour it into molds, similar to working with cast bronze. These bowls, however, appear to be something different. They were definitely foreign, and, as we shall see, they had made quite the journey. So let's take a look and see if we can't answer both of these questions, and maybe learn a little bit more about the world of 6th century Japan along the way. To start with, let's look at the provenance of this glass bowl. Provenance is important—there are numerous stories of famous “finds” that turned out to be fakes, or else items planted by someone who wanted to get their name out there. Archaeology—and its close cousin, paleontology—can get extremely competitive, and if you don't believe me just look up the Bone Wars of the late 19th century. Other names that come to mind: The infamous Piltdown man, the Cardiff Giant, and someone we mentioned in one of our first episodes, Fujimura Shin'ichi, who was accused of salting digs to try to claim human habitation in Japan going back hundreds of thousands of years. This is further complicated by the fact that, in many cases, the situation behind a given find is not necessarily well documented. There are Edo period examples of Jomon pottery, or haniwa, that were found, but whose actual origins have been lost to time. Then there are things like the seal of King Na of Wa, which is said to have been discovered by a farmer, devoid of the context that would help to otherwise clear the questions that continue to surround such an object. On top of this, there are plenty of tombs that have been worn down over the ages—where wind and water have eroded the soil, leaving only the giant stone bones, or perhaps washing burial goods into nearby fields or otherwise displacing them. So what is the story with the tomb of Ankan Tennō, and this glass bowl? To answer this, let's first look at the tomb attributed to Ankan Tennō. The Nihon Shoki tells us in the 8th century that this tomb was located at Takaya, in the area of Furuichi. This claim is later repeated by the Engi Shiki in the 10th century. Theoretically, the compilers of both of these works had some idea of where this was, but in the hundreds of years since then, a lot has happened. Japan has seen numerous governments, as well as war, famine, natural disaster, and more. At one point, members of the royal household were selling off calligraphy just to pay for the upkeep of the court, and while the giant kofun no doubt continued to be prominent features for locals in the surrounding areas, the civilian and military governments of the intervening centuries had little to no budget to spare for their upkeep. Records were lost, as were many details. Towards the end of the Edo period, and into the early Meiji, a resurgence in interest in the royal, or Imperial, family and their ancient mausoleums caused people to investigate the texts and attempt to identify mausoleums for each of the sovereigns, as well as other notable figures, in the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki. Given that many of those figures are likely fictional or legendary individuals, one can see how this may be problematic. And yet, the list that eventually emerged has become the current list of kofun protected by the Imperial Household Agency as imperial mausolea. Based on what we know, today, some of these official associations seem obviously questionable. Some of them, for instance, are not even keyhole shaped tombs—for instance, some are circular, or round tombs, where the claim is often made that the other parts of the tomb were eroded or washed away. Still others engender their own controversy, such as who, exactly, is buried in Daisen-ryō, the largest kofun, claimed to be the resting place of Ōsazaki no Mikoto, aka Nintoku Tennō. Some people, however, claim that it is actually the sovereign Woasatsuma Wakugo, aka Ingyō Tennō, who is buried there, instead. What is the truth? Well, without opening up the main tomb, who is to say, and even then it is possible that any evidence may have already been lost to the acidic soils of the archipelago, which are hardly kind to organic matter. By the way, quick divergence, here—if you look up information on Daisen-ryō, aka Daisen Kofun, you may notice that there are drawings of a grave, including a coffin, associated with it. That might get you thinking, as I did at one point, that Daisen kofun had already been opened, but it turns out that was a grave on the slopes of the square end of the kofun, and not from the main, circular burial mound. Theoretically this may have been an important consort, or perhaps offspring or close relative of the main individual interred in the kofun, but most likely it is not for the person for whom the giant mound was actually erected. So, yes, Daisen kofun remains unopened, at least as far as we know. As for the kofun identified for Ankan Tennō, today that is the tomb known as Furuichi Tsukiyama Kofun, aka Takaya Tsukiyama Kofun. While the connection to Ankan Tennō may be somewhat unclear, the kofun has had its own colorful history, in a way. Now most of the reports I could find, from about '92 up to 2022, place this kofun, which is a keyhole shaped kofun, in the correct time period—about the early to mid-6th century, matching up nicely with a 534 to 535 date for the reign given to Ankan Tennō. But what is fascinating is the history around the 15th to 16th centuries. It was just after the Ounin War, in 1479, when Hatakeyama Yoshihiro decided to build a castle here, placing the honmaru, the main enclosure, around the kofun, apparently incorporating the kofun and its moats into the castle design. The castle, known as Takaya Castle, would eventually fall to Oda Nobunaga's forces in 1575, and most of the surrounding area was burned down in the fighting, bringing the kofun's life as a castle to an end. Some of the old earthworks still exist, however, and excavations in the area have helped determine the shape of the old castle, though there still have not been any fulsome excavations of the mound that I have found. This makes sense as the kofun is designated as belonging to a member of the imperial lineage. There are, however, other keyhole shaped kofun from around the early 6th century that are also found in the same area, which also could be considered royal mausolea, and would seem to fit the bill just as well as this particular tomb. In addition, there are details in the Chronicles, such as the fact that Magari no Ohine, aka Ankan Tennō, was supposedly buried with his wife and his younger sister. This is, however, contradicted by records like the 10th century Engi Shiki, where two tombs are identified, one for Ankan Tennō and one for his wife, Kasuga no Yamada, so either the Chronicles got it wrong, or there were already problems with tomb identification just two centuries later. So we still aren't entirely sure that this is Ankan Tennō's tomb. But at least we know that the glass bowl came from a 6th century kingly tomb, even if that tomb was only later identified as belonging to Ankan Tennō, right? Well, not so fast. The provenance on the bowl is a bit more tricky than that. You see, the bowl itself came to light in 1950, when a private individual in Fuse, Ōsaka invited visiting scholar Ishida Mosaku to take a look. According to his report at the time, the bowl was in a black lacquered box and wrapped in a special cloth, with a written inscription that indicated that the bowl had been donated to a temple in Furuichi named Sairin-ji. There are documents from the late Edo period indicating that various items were donated to Sairin-ji temple between the 16th to the 18th centuries, including quote-unquote “utensils” said to have been washed out of the tomb believed to be that of Ankan Tennō. Ishida Mosaku and other scholars immediately connected this glass bowl with one or more of those accounts. They were encouraged by the fact that there is a similar bowl found in the Shōsōin, an 8th century repository at Tōdai-ji temple, in Nara, which houses numerous artifacts donated on behalf of Shōmu Tennō. Despite the gulf of time between them—two hundred years between the 6th and 8th centuries—this was explained away in the same way that Han dynasty mirrors, made in about the 3rd century, continued to show up in burials for many hundreds of years afterwards, likewise passed down as familial heirlooms. Still, the method of its discovery, the paucity of direct evidence, and the lack of any direct connection with where it came from leaves us wondering—did this bowl really come from the tomb of Ankan Tennō? Even moreso, did it come from a 6th century tomb at all? Could it not have come from some other tomb? We could tie ourselves up in knots around this question, and I would note that if you look carefully at the Tokyo National Museum's own accounting of the object they do mention that it is quote-unquote “possibly” from the tomb of Ankan Tennō. What does seem clear, however, is that its manufacture was not in Japan. Indeed, however it came to our small group of islands on the northeastern edge of the Eurasian continent, it had quite the journey, because it does appear to be genuinely from the Middle East—specifically from around the time of the Sassanian or Sassanid empire, the first Iranian empire, centered on the area of modern Iran. And it isn't the only one. First off, of course, there is the 8th century bowl in the Shousoin I just mentioned, but there are also examples of broken glass found on Okinoshima, an island deep in the middle of the strait between Kyushu and the Korean peninsula, which has a long history as a sacred site, mentioned in the Nihon Shoki, and attached to the Munakata shrine in modern Fukuoka. Both Okinoshima and the Shōsōin—at least as part of the larger Nara cultural area—are on the UNESCO register of World Heritage sites, along with the Mozu-Furuichi kofun group, of which the Takaya Tsukiyama kofun is one.. Okinoshima is a literal treasure trove for archaeologists. However, its location and status have made it difficult to fully explore. The island is still an active sacred site, and so investigations are balanced with respect for local tradition. The lone occupant of the island is a Shinto priest, one of about two dozen who rotate spending 10 days out at the island, tending the sacred site. Women are still not allowed, and for centuries, one day a year they allowed up to 200 men on the island after they had purified themselves in the ocean around the island. Since then, they have also opened up to researchers, as well as military and media, at least in some instances. The island is apparently littered with offerings. Investigations have demonstrated that this island has been in use since at least the 4th century. As a sacred site, guarding the strait between Kyushu and the Korean peninsula, fishermen and sailors of all kinds would make journeys to the island and leave offerings of one kind or another, and many of them are still there: clay vessels, swords, iron ingots, bronze mirrors, and more. The island's location, which really is in the middle of the straits, and not truly convenient to any of the regular trading routes, means that it has never really been much of a strategic site, just a religious one, and one that had various religious taboos, so it hasn't undergone the centuries of farming and building that have occurred elsewhere. Offerings are scattered in various places, often scattered around or under boulders and large rocks that were perhaps seen as particularly worthy of devotion. Since researchers have been allowed in, over 80,000 treasures have been found and catalogued. Among those artifacts that have been brought back is glass, including glass from Sassanid Persia. Pieces of broken glass bowls, like the one said to have come from Ankan's tomb, as well as what appear to be beads made from broken glass pieces, have been recovered over the years, once more indicating their presence in the trade routes to the mainland, although when, exactly, they came over can be a little more difficult to place. That might be helped by two other glass artifacts, also found in the archaeological exhibit of the Heiseikan in the Tokyo National Museum: a glass bowl and dish discovered at Niizawa Senzuka kofun Number 126, in Kashihara city, in Nara. This burial is believed to date to the latter half of the 5th century, and included an iron sword, numerous gold fittings and jewelry, and even an ancient clothes iron, which at the time looked like a small frying pan, where you could put hot coals or similar items in the pan and use the flat bottom to help iron out wrinkles in cloth. Alongside all of this were also discovered two glass vessels. One was a dark, cobalt-blue plate, with a stand and very shallow conical shape. The other was a round glass bowl with an outwardly flared lip. Around the smooth sides, the glass has been marked with three rows of circular dots that go all the way around, not dissimilar from the indentations in the Ankan and Shōsōin glass bowls. All of these, again, are believed to have come from Sassanid Persia, modern Iran, and regardless of the provenance of the Ankan bowl, it seems that we have clear evidence that Sassanian glassworks were making their way to Japan. But how? How did something like glass—hardly known for being the most robust of materials—make it all the way from Sassanid Persia to Yamato between the 5th and 8th centuries? To start with, let's look at Sassanid Persia and its glass. Sassanid Persia—aka Sassanid or Sassanian Iran—is the name given to the empire that replaced the Parthian empire, and is generally agreed to have been founded sometime in the early 3rd century. The name “Sassanid” refers to the legendary dynastic founder, Sassan, though the first historical sovereign appears to be Ardeshir I, who helped put the empire on the map. Ardeshir I called his empire “Eran sahr”, and it is often known as an Iranian or Persian empire, based on their ties to Pars and the use of the Middle Persian, or Farsi, language. For those not already well aware, Farsi is one of several Iranian languages, though over the years many of the various Iranian speaking peoples would often be classified as “Persian” in English literature. That said, there is quite a diversity of Iranian languages and people who speak them, including Farsi, Pashto, Dari, Tajik, and the ancient Sogdian language, which I'm sure we'll touch on more given their importance in the ancient silk road trade. Because of the ease with which historical “Iranian” ethnic groups can be conflated with the modern state, I am going to largely stick with the term Persian, here, but just be aware that the two words are often, though not always, interchangeable. The Sassanid dynasty claimed a link to the older Achaemenid dynasty, and over the subsequent five centuries of their rule they extended their borders, dominating the area between the Caspian Sea and the Persian Gulf, eastward to much of modern Afghanistan and Pakistan, running right up to the Hindu Kush and the Pamir mountains. They held sway over much of Central Asia, including the area of Transoxiana. With that they had access to both the sea routes, south of India and the overland routes through the Tianshan mountains and the northern and southern routes around the great Taklamakan desert – so, basically, any trade passing between Central and East Asia would pass through Sassanid territory. The Persian empire of the Sassanids was pre-Islamic—Islamic Arab armies would not arrive until about the 7th century, eventually bringing an end to the Sassanid dynasty. Until that point, the Persian empire was largely Zoroastrian, an Iranian religion based around fire temples, restored after the defeat of the Parthians, where eternal flames were kept burning day and night as part of their ritual practice. The Sassanids inherited a Persian culture in an area that had been dominated by the Parthians, and before that the Hellenistic Seleucids, and their western edge bordered with the Roman empire. Rome's establishment in the first century BCE coincided with the invention of glassblowing techniques, and by the time of the Sassanid Empire these techniques seem to have been well established in the region. Sassanid glass decorated with patterns of ground, cut, and polished hollow facets—much like what we see in the examples known in the Japanese islands—comes from about the 5th century onward. Prior to that, the Sassanian taste seems to have been for slightly less extravagant vessels, with straight or slightly rounded walls. Sassanid glass was dispersed in many different directions along their many trade routes across the Eurasian continent, and archaeologists have been able to identify glass from this region not just by its shape, but by the various physical properties based on the formulas and various raw materials used to make the glass. As for the trip to Japan, this was most likely through the overland routes. And so the glass would have been sold to merchants who would take it up through Transoxiana, through passes between the Pamirs and the Tianshan mountains, and then through a series of oasis towns and city-states until it reached Dunhuang, on the edge of the ethnic Han sphere of influence. For a majority of this route, the glass was likely carried by Sogdians, another Iranian speaking people from the region of Transoxiana. Often simply lumped in with the rest of the Iranian speaking world as “Persians”, Sogdians had their own cultural identity, and the area of Sogdia is known to have existed since at least the ancient Achaemenid dynasty. From the 4th to the 8th century, Sogdian traders plied the sands of Central Eurasia, setting up a network of communities along what would come to be known as the Silk Road. It is along this route that the glassware, likely packed in straw or some other protective material, was carried on the backs of horses, camels, and people along a journey of several thousand kilometers, eventually coming to the fractious edge of the ethnic Han sphere. Whether it was these same Sogdian traders that then made their way to the ocean and upon boats out to the Japanese islands is unknown, but it is not hard imagining crates being transferred from merchant to merchant, east, to the Korean Peninsula, and eventually across the sea. The overland route from Sogdia is one of the more well-known—and well-worn—routes on what we modernly know as the Silk Road, and it's very much worth taking the time here to give a brief history of how this conduit between Western Asia/Europe and Eastern Asia developed over the centuries. One of the main crossroads of this area is the Tarim Basin, the area that, today, forms much of Western China, with the Tianshan mountains in the north and the Kunlun Mountains, on the edge of the Tibetan plateau, to the south. In between is a large desert, the Taklamakan desert, which may have once been a vast inland sea. Even by the Han dynasty, a vast saltwater body known as the Puchang Sea existed in its easternmost regions. Comparable to some of the largest of the Great Lakes, and fed by glacial run-off, the lake eventually dwindled to become the salt-marshes around Lop Nur. And yet, researchers still find prominent boat burials out in what otherwise seems to be the middle of the desert. Around the Tarim basin were various cultures, often centered on oases at the base of the mountains. Runoff from melting ice and snow in the mountains meant a regular supply of water, and by following the mountains one could navigate from watering hole to watering hole, creating a natural roadway through the arid lands. In the middle of the Basin, however, is the great Taklamakan desert, and even during the Han dynasty it was a formidable and almost unpassable wasteland. One could wander the sands for days or weeks with no water and no indication of direction other than the punishing sun overhead. It is hardly a nice place and remains largely unpopulated, even today. While there were various cultures and city-states around the oasis towns, the first major power that we know held sway, at least over the northern route, were the Xiongnu. Based in the area of modern Mongolia, the Xiongnu swept down during the Qin and early Han dynasties, displacing or conquering various people. An early exploration of the Tarim basin and its surroundings was conducted by the Han dynasty diplomat, Zhang Qian. Zhang Qian secretly entered Xiongnu territory with the goal of reaching the Yuezhi—a nomadic group that had been one of those displaced by the Xiongnu. The Yuezhi had been kicked out of their lands in the Gansu region and moved all the way to the Ferghana valley, in modern Tajikistan, a part of the region known as Transoxiana. Although Zhang Qian was captured and spent 10 years in service to the Xiongnu, he never forgot his mission and eventually made his way to the Yuezhi. By that time, however, the Yuezhi had settled in to their new life, and they weren't looking for revenge. While Zhang Qian's news may have been somewhat disappointing for the Han court, what was perhaps more important was the intelligence he brought back concerning the routes through the Tarim basin, and the various people there, as well as lands beyond. The Han dynasty continued to assert itself in the area they called the “Western Regions”, and General Ban Chao would eventually be sent to defeat the Xiongnu and loosen their hold in the region, opening up the area all the way to modern Kashgar. Ban Chao would even send an emissary, Gan Ying, to try to make the journey all the way to the Roman empire, known to the Han court as “Daqin”, using the name of the former Qin dynasty as a sign of respect for what they had heard. However, Gan Ying only made it as far as the land of Anxi—the name given to Parthia—where he was told that to make it to Rome, or Daqin, would require crossing the ocean on a voyage that could take months or even years. Hearing this, Gan Ying decided to turn back and report on what he knew. Of course if he actually made it to the Persian Gulf—or even to the Black Sea, as some claim—Gan Ying would have been much closer to Rome than the accounts lead us to believe. It is generally thought that he was being deliberately mislead by Parthian merchants who felt they might be cut out if Rome and the Han Dynasty formed more direct relations. Silks from East Asia, along with other products, were already a lucrative opportunity for middlemen across the trade routes, and nobody wanted to be cut out of that position if they could help it. That said, the Parthians and, following them the Sassanid Persians, continued to maintain relationships with dynasties at the other end of what we know as the Silk Road, at least when they could. The Sassanid Persians, when they came to power, were known to the various northern and southern dynasties as Bosi—possibly pronounced something like Puasie, at the time, no doubt their attempt to render the term “Parsi”. We know of numerous missions in both directions between various dynasties, and Sassanian coins are regularly found the south of modern China. And so we can see that even in the first and second centuries, Eurasia was much more connected than one might otherwise believe. Goods would travel from oasis town to oasis town, and be sold in markets, where they might just be picked up by another merchant. Starting in the fourth century, the Sogdian merchants began to really make their own presence known along these trade routes. They would set up enclaves in various towns, and merchants would travel from Sogdian enclave to Sogdian enclave with letters of recommendation, as well as personal letters for members of the community, setting up their own early postal service. This allowed the Sogdian traders to coordinate activities and kept them abreast of the latest news. I'm not sure we have a clear indication how long this trip would take. Theoretically, one could travel from Kashgar to Xi'an and back in well under a year, if one were properly motivated and provisioned—it is roughly 4,000 kilometers, and travel would have likely been broken up with long stays to rest and refresh at the various towns along the way. I've personally had the opportunity to travel from Kashgar to Turpan, though granted it was in the comfort of an air conditioned bus. Still, having seen the modern conditions, the trip would be grueling, but not impossible back in the day, and if the profits were lucrative enough, then why not do it—it is not dissimilar to the adventurers from Europe in the 16th century who went out to sea to find their own fortunes. And so the glass bowl likely made its way through the markets of the Tarim basin, to the markets of various capitals in the Yellow River or Yangzi regions—depending on who was in charge in any given year—and eventually made its way to the Korean peninsula and from there to a ship across the Korean strait. Of course, those ships weren't simply holding a single glass vessel. Likely they were laden with a wide variety of goods. Some things, such as fabric, incense, and other more biodegradable products would not be as likely to remain, and even glass breaks and oxidizes, and metal rusts away. Furthermore, many of the goods had likely been picked over by the time any shipments arrived in the islands, making things such as these glass bowls even more rare and scarce. Still, this bowl, whether it belonged to Ankan or not, tells us a story. It is the story of a much larger world, well beyond the Japanese archipelago, and one that will be encroaching more and more as we continue to explore this period. Because it wasn't just physical goods that were being transported along the Silk Road. The travelers also carried with them news and new ideas. One of these ideas was a series of teachings that came out of India and arrived in China during the Han dynasty, known as Buddhism. It would take until the 6th century, but Buddhism would eventually make its way to Japan, the end of the Silk Road. But that is for another episode. For now, I think we'll close out our story of Ankan and his glass bowl. I hope you've enjoyed this little diversion, and from here we'll continue on with our narrative as we edge closer and closer to the formal introduction of Buddhism and the era known as the Asuka Period. Until then, thank you for listening and for all of your support. If you like what we are doing, tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts. If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website, SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to Tweet at us at @SengokuPodcast, or reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page. You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com. And that's all for now. Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.
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