Podcasts about bar kokhba

In this episode of Prove All Things, hosts Jeff and Mike welcome guest Horane Smith to explore the influence of anti-Jewish sentiment on early Christian doctrine. Horane outlines how the primitive church was deeply rooted in Hebraic traditions—observing the Sabbath, Passover, and rejecting doctrines like the Trinity and Easter—but that a shift began after 135 A.D., particularly following the Bar Kokhba revolt, which led to a deliberate separation from Judaism by emerging Gentile Christian leaders. He argues that early church fathers, in an effort to define a distinct Christian identity, adopted anti-Jewish rhetoric and Greco-Roman philosophical influences, which dramatically shaped mainstream Christian beliefs.

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The Invention of Palestine: A Historical and Linguistic Narrative In this episode, we explore the historical and linguistic roots of the term "Palestine," ‎tracing its origins to the Roman designation "Syria Palaestina," given to the land of Israel by ‎Emperor Hadrian following the Bar Kokhba revolt. The name "Palaestina" was derived from ‎the ancient Philistines, with the term "Philistia" in Greek (Φυλιστίη) reflecting their ‎presence along the coastal regions of ancient Israel. We also examine the Hebrew ‎perspective: the word "Paleshtim" (‎פְּלִשְׁתִּים‎) in the Hebrew Bible refers to the Philistines, a ‎distinct people in the ancient land of Israel. The modern term "Palestine" in Hebrew, ‎‎"Filistin" (‎פְּלִשְׁתִּין‎), continues to evoke this connection. By looking at 19th-century travelers ‎like Mark Twain and Arthur Penrhyn Stanley, we show how the region was observed before ‎the Jewish return, challenging the notion that Palestine was ever solely an Arab land. The ‎episode highlights the enduring connection between the Jewish people and this land, both ‎historically and linguistically. Keywords: #PalestineHistory; #RomanEmpire; #JewsInIsrael; #AncientIsrael; ‎‎#HistoricalNarrative; #BiblicalZionism; #MarkTwain; #ArthurPenrhynStanley; ‎‎#PalestinianIdentity; #Zionism; #HistoricalFacts; #MiddleEastConflict; ‎‎#JewishClaimToLand; #JewishHistoryInIsrael‎

Abstract: Beginning with Hugh Nibley, several Latter-day Saint scholars have highlighted a deed found among the Bar Kokhba documents as evidence of the name Alma as a Jewish male name in antiquity. Here we highlight a second attestation of the same name used for a Jewish male from a slightly earlier period, as well as […] The post More Evidence for Alma as a Semitic Name first appeared on The Interpreter Foundation.

Abstract: Beginning with Hugh Nibley, several Latter-day Saint scholars have highlighted a deed found among the Bar Kokhba documents as evidence of the name Alma as a Jewish male name in antiquity. Here we highlight a second attestation of the same name used for a Jewish male from a slightly earlier period, as well as […] The post More Evidence for Alma as a Semitic Name first appeared on The Interpreter Foundation.

Abstract: Beginning with Hugh Nibley, several Latter-day Saint scholars have highlighted a deed found among the Bar Kokhba documents as evidence of the name Alma as a Jewish male name in antiquity. Here we highlight a second attestation of the same name used for a Jewish male from a slightly earlier period, as well as […] The post More Evidence for Alma as a Semitic Name first appeared on The Interpreter Foundation.

Sophie Bigot Goldblum nous présente l'histoire du messianisme juif. Dans ce premier épisode, elle explique le concept de messie dans la Bible et la tradition juive, et raconte la révolte de Bar Kokhba et les pérégrinations d'Abraham Aboulafia, messie autoproclamé aux XIIIè siècle.

#0156 Christianity, Patriotism vs Pacifism Introduction: In a country where politics have become more and more heated, should the Christian join in the fray? Or should we sit back with a resignation that simply waits for the return of our Savior? Should we as Christians be involved with the political system? If so, how much or how little should our involvement involve our relationship to Christ? Segment 1: Does God Condone Patriotism? Does the Christian have a role in the modern politic? Should we be involved in the issues of our day? Let's take a look via the Chair of Theology to see what Christ did, as well as what God commanded in the Old Testament. First off, to answer this question, we should understand some cultural context. Who were the Sanhedrin? From Wikipedia: The Sanhedrin (Hebrew and Middle Aramaic סַנְהֶדְרִין, a loanword from Koinē Greek: Συνέδριον, romanized: synedrion,[1] 'assembly,' 'sitting together,' hence 'assembly' or 'council') was a legislative and judicial assembly of either 23 or 71 elders, existing at both a local and central level in the ancient Land of Israel. There were two classes of Rabbinite courts called sanhedrins: Greater and Lesser. A lesser Sanhedrin of 23 judges was appointed to sit as a tribunal in each city. There was only one Great Sanhedrin of 71 judges, which, among other roles, acted as a supreme court, taking appeals from cases that lesser courts decided. In general usage, the Sanhedrin without qualifier usually refers to the Great Sanhedrin, which was presided over by the Nasi, who functioned as its head or representing president, and was a member of the court; the Av Beit Din or the chief of the court, who was second to the nasi; and 69 general members. In the Second Temple period, the Great Sanhedrin met in the Temple in Jerusalem, in a building called the Hall of Hewn Stones. The Great Sanhedrin convened every day except festivals and the sabbath day (Shabbat). After the destruction of the Second Temple and the failure of the Bar Kokhba revolt, the Great Sanhedrin moved to Galilee, which became part of the Roman province of Syria Palaestina. In this period, the Sanhedrin was sometimes called the Galilean Patriarchate or Patriarchate of Palaestina, the governing legal body of Galilean Jewry. In the late 200s CE, to avoid persecution, the name Sanhedrin was dropped and its decisions were issued under the name of Beit HaMidrash (house of learning). The last universally binding decision of the Great Sanhedrin appeared in 358 when the Hebrew calendar was established. The Great Sanhedrin was finally disbanded in 425. Over the centuries, attempts have been made to revive the institution, such as the Grand Sanhedrin convened by Napoleon Bonaparte and modern attempts in Israel. With this context we know that the Sanhedrin would have contained the Judicial, Executive, and Legislative branches of the Post-Exilic Judaean Government. When Christ confronted this body and the members thereof, it was on policy that affected every part of Jewish life. Luke 11:46-52 46 And he said, Woe unto you also, ye lawyers! for ye lade men with burdens grievous to be borne, and ye yourselves touch not the burdens with one of your fingers. 47 Woe unto you! for ye build the sepulchres of the prophets, and your fathers killed them. 48 Truly ye bear witness that ye allow the deeds of your fathers: for they indeed killed them, and ye build their sepulchres. 49 Therefore also said the wisdom of God, I will send them prophets and apostles, and some of them they shall slay and persecute: 50 That the blood of all the prophets, which was shed from the foundation of the world, may be required of this generation; 51 From the blood of Abel unto the blood of Zacharias which perished between the altar and the temple: verily I say unto you, It shall be required of this generation. 52 Woe unto you, lawyers! for ye have taken away the key of knowledge: ye entered not in yourselves, and them that were entering in ye hindered. That's not to say that Christ did not love the country that He was born into, he was rather passionate about her turning to Him and away from the coming destruction in 70 AD. Luke 13:33-35: 33 Nevertheless I must walk to day, and to morrow, and the day following: for it cannot be that a prophet perish out of Jerusalem. 34 O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, which killest the prophets, and stonest them that are sent unto thee; how often would I have gathered thy children together, as a hen doth gather her brood under her wings, and ye would not! 35 Behold, your house is left unto you desolate: and verily I say unto you, Ye shall not see me, until the time come when ye shall say, Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord. Ezra and Nehemiah both exhibited such patriotism: Nehemiah 2:3-6 3And said unto the king, Let the king live for ever: why should not my countenance be sad, when the city, the place of my fathers' sepulchres, lieth waste, and the gates thereof are consumed with fire? 4Then the king said unto me, For what dost thou make request? So I prayed to the God of heaven. 5And I said unto the king, If it please the king, and if thy servant have found favour in thy sight, that thou wouldest send me unto Judah, unto the city of my fathers' sepulchres, that I may build it. 6And the king said unto me, (the queen also sitting by him,) For how long shall thy journey be? and when wilt thou return? So it pleased the king to send me; and I set him a time. Segment 1 Conclusion: After looking at these models, does it not seem that we do have a model for patriotism within the pages of God's Word? But there are pitfalls here. Segment 2: What Does Christian Patriotism Look Like? On the Philosophical note, there are some questions that should be asked of the believer. If we are to be patriotic, what rubric do we get from Scripture and what would application look like? C.S. Lewis put it well in his Four Loves when he spoke of the wholesomeness of a love of the people, places, and things of one's home country. If one loves the good things of one's home, this is only natural to have a certain preference for these. Lewis Concludes that: “Of course patriotism of this kind is not in the least aggressive. It asks only to be let alone. It becomes militant only to protect what it loves. In any mind which has a pennyworth of imagination it produces a good attitude towards foreigners. How can I love my home without coming to realize that other men, no less rightly, love theirs?...” This is a pure sort of patriotism, one that has gone right and is indeed a beautiful thing. G.K. Chesterton rightly pointed out that: "The true soldier fights not because he hates what is in front of him, but because he loves what is behind him." This is indicative of something far more important. When God has entrusted families with offspring, there is a responsibility of the parent to care for and nurture their children. In primitive days, we would have to hunt and forage for food. The men doing the dangerous work, and the women nurturing and training the children. In the modern world, we enjoy a peculiar peace and abundance. No longer do most men kill prey and fight other men for resources, in the civilized world that is, but rather we work for wages and vote for security (which is secured through policy focused on minimizing bloodshed.) America is beautiful for this reason: Though we have effectively conquered the world, our primary modality in the conquered nations of Japan, Germany, South Korea, etc is that we allow them to rule themselves. Now, with the regional stability provided by America, the Church can send missionaries to previously unreached civilizations to spread the Gospel. Such a blessing has never been bestowed upon the World, for wherever the Gospel is heard, the mistreatment of women, slaves, children, and all other evils are now cast into the Light of the Gospel, from which these evils flee. America is not perfect by any means and many sins have been committed in her name, but that is not a reason to throw her out as though she was some sort of heinous thing. But rather, we should strive to make America more like Christ. This is the work of the Church in the Culture, not so much the government, because the American Government is not a single leader or body, but rather a group of America's citizens. On the issue of making America more like Christ, some will say that laws do not legislate morality. This is hogwash on the level of someone who says that people will not dance at a party if you play a catchy beat. People will obey laws for fear of consequences. But they will also regard the laws as codifications of Truth, if the premises of the laws are indeed true. Look at the abortion issue, people will end their own children's lives because “Abortion is legal, if it was immoral, it wouldn't be legal.” However perverse that statement may be, there is a ring of important truth: Instituting moral laws affects people's moral sensibilities. Post-fall of Roe v Wade, many people have stopped in person abortions as they are indeed, “illegal”. But if God ordains Government, then why or how should I involve myself? Is it not predestined? If I don't particularly like a candidate, but they have a record of promoting moral policy, should I stand by the sidelines? A.W. Tozer had an excellent analogy for this in his Knowledge of the Holy: Perhaps a homely illustration might help us to understand. An ocean liner leaves New York bound for Liverpool. Its destination has been determined by proper authorities. Nothing can change it. This is at least a faint picture of sovereignty. On board the liner are several scores of passengers. These are not in chains, neither are their activities determined for them by decree. They are completely free to move about as they will. They eat, sleep, play, lounge about on the deck, read, talk, altogether as they please; but all the while the great liner is carrying them steadily onward toward a predetermined port. Both freedom and sovereignty are present here and they do not contradict each other. So it is, I believe, with man's freedom and the sovereignty of God. The mighty liner of God's sovereign design keeps its steady course over the sea of history. God moves undisturbed and unhindered toward the fulfillment of those eternal purposes which He purposed in Christ Jesus before the world began. We do not know all that is included in those purposes, but enough has been disclosed to furnish us with a broad outline of things to come and to give us good hope and firm assurance of future well-being. We will be judged and made to give an account for our actions and inactions: 2 Corinthians 5:10: 10 For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ; that every one may receive the things done in his body, according to that he hath done, whether it be good or bad. Segment 2 Conclusion: Are we commanded to be involved with the world? We are commanded to share the Gospel. If there is a tool, such as a 1st Amendment which recognizes our right to share the Gospel, then it would be wasteful indeed to miss the opportunity to preserve such a right. In fact, one can make an argument that sins of omission that lead to the suffering of others are a sin in and of themselves. Ezekiel 33:6 says: “6 But if the watchman see the sword come, and blow not the trumpet, and the people be not warned; if the sword come, and take any person from among them, he is taken away in his iniquity; but his blood will I require at the watchman's hand.” I don't think it too far of a stretch to say that we were born for such a time as this. Like Ester, our silence or inaction could well be the undoing of God's People. So we should act while we still have an opportunity to affect change in our world for the Gospel's sake. Segment 3: Cultural Nationalism and Christian Nationalism What would the purpose of a Christian Nationalism be? To elect representatives? On what basis? History tells us that Republicanism was founded by Christians to abolish the “twin relics of barbarism, Polygamy and Slavery.” This is all well and good, but what of the corruption that we see in the so-called Republican Party today? There's a lack of desire for change, this includes the issue of abortion, of medical freedoms and rights, of exposing children to pornographic images in school. Very few Republicans truly live up to the Christian ideals that founded the party. So what happened to the purpose? The Church stopped believing in the inerrancy of Scripture and began to water down the Gospel. We see the results in the departures from the Church: Only 55% of Americans believe in the inerrancy of Scripture via this poll from the American Bible Society: https://www.baptistmessenger.com/55-percent-of-americans-believe-in-biblical-inerrancy-study-finds/ Those who self identify as Christians is plummeting: https://news.gallup.com/poll/187955/percentage-christians-drifting-down-high.aspx Segment 3# Conclusion: Can we ever effectively promote Godly principles in politics if our country no longer believes in the God of those principles? Segment 4#: Where Christian Nationalism Has Gone Wrong Love for your country is never a bad thing, in and of itself. However, such a love can go wrong. C.S. Lewis put it well when he gave this anecdote in Four Loves: This third thing is not a sentiment but a belief: a firm, even prosaic belief that our own nation, in sober fact, has long been, and still is markedly superior to all others. I once ventured to say to an old clergyman who was voicing this sort of patriotism, “But, sir, aren't we told that every people thinks its own men the bravest and its own women the fairest in the world?” He replied with total gravity—he could not have been graver if he had been saying the Creed at the altar—“Yes, but in England it's true.” To be sure, this conviction had not made my friend (God rest his soul) a villain; only an extremely lovable old ass. It can however produce asses that kick and bite. On the lunatic fringe it may shade off into that popular Racialism which Christianity and science equally forbid…1 Remember, C.S. Lewis and his audience had lived through the Left's crazed obsession with Racial Superiority in Europe and America with the Eugenics movement fostered by Left leaning thinkers. The culmination of this was in Hitler, Sanger, and the atrocities committed in the name of a better race. Perhaps the old clergyman is harmless. Perhaps there was even an iota of truth at the time; Great Britain was the largest spanning empire to date. However, the note should be made that Conservatism and Christianity often overlap, but one is defined by man and the other by God. Many people in the Conservative movement act in ways that a Christian ought not. This is not to say that we cannot both fight for what is true. However, one should also remember that we are held to the standard of Truth, God's Word, and not a political party platform. Segment 4# Conclusion: Love of a party is only as good as the value it provides to Christians ultimate purpose on this earth, the Gospel. Segment 5#: Does Love Of Country Provide Eternal Benefit or Value? To answer the question, let's look at the sentiment concerning English Nationalism, as laid out by G.K. Chesterton, a Christian Apologist who lived around the turn of the 20th century: We are, as a nation, in the truly extraordinary condition of not knowing our own merits. We have played a great and splendid part in the history of universal thought and sentiment; we have been among the foremost in that eternal and bloodless battle in which the blows do not slay, but create. In painting and music we are inferior to many other nations; but in literature, science, philosophy, and political eloquence, if history be taken as a whole, we can hold our own with any. But all this vast heritage of intellectual glory is kept from our schoolboys like a heresy; and they are left to live and die in the dull and infantile type of patriotism which they learnt from a box of tin soldiers. There is no harm in the box of tin soldiers; we do not expect children to be equally delighted with a beautiful box of tin philanthropists. But there is great harm in the fact that the subtler and more civilized honour of England is not presented so as to keep pace with the expanding mind. A French boy is taught the glory of Moliere as well as that of Turenne; a German boy is taught his own great national philosophy before he learns the philosophy of antiquity. The result is that, though French patriotism is often crazy and boastful, though German patriotism is often isolated and pedantic, they are neither of them merely dull, common, and brutal, as is so often the strange fate of the nation of Bacon and Locke. Now, if you hear a familiar ring in this description of British sentiment towards its own history, rhyming with the 21st Century Anti-Americanism we see in the Left today, perhaps it would be best to look at what is happening in Britain today: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zTJ4mfxvM-Y Stealing phones and violating safety policies are the least of the worries. Folks like Tommy Robinson have been speaking out about these gangs attacking women and children. https://nypost.com/2021/02/13/when-europe-ignored-sex-crimes-of-immigrants-all-women-suffered/ The UK had a society fit to raise children before they committed cultural suicide. They are now bringing into the country the worst of the nations who are sending refugees. What could these kids have done or who could they have led to the Lord, but are now stifled by injuries or death? Something to ponder. Final Thoughts: One last thing: What, besides the United States, is your favorite country? Four Loves - C.S. Lewis https://www.cslewisinstitute.org/resources/reflections-october-2019/ The Defendant - Chesterton https://www.online-literature.com/chesterton/the-defendant/16/ Knowledge of the Holy - A.W. Tozer https://www.restoringthecore.com/wp-content/restored/AW-Tozer-Knowledge-of-the-Holy.pdf

The Talmud's Taanit 29a says that Tisha B'Av is a day of mourning because God metaphorically said, 'Since you cried for no reason, I'll give you something to cry about!' . Tisha B'Av commemorates five calamities that the Jewish nation has experienced: • The sin of the spies 
Before the Israelites entered the land of Israel, 12 spies explored the land and brought a bad report to Moses, causing the Jews in the desert to refuse to enter. 

 • Destruction of the First Temple 
In 586 BCE, the Babylonians, led by Nebuchadnezzar, destroyed the First Temple built by King Solomon. The Talmud says the destruction began on the Ninth of Av and continued throughout the Tenth of Av. 

 • Destruction of the Second Temple 
In 70 CE, the Romans destroyed the Second Temple built by Ezra and Nehemiah. 

 • Destruction of Beitar 
In 135 CE, the Romans suppressed the Bar Kokhba revolt and destroyed the city of Beitar, killing over 500,000 Jews. 

 • Plowing of the Temple Mount 
Roman general Turnus Rufus plowed the Temple area in Jerusalem, rebuilding the city as a pagan city. 

 לָכֵן֙ בִּגְלַלְכֶ֔ם צִיּ֖וֹן שָׂדֶ֣ה תֵֽחָרֵ֑שׁ וִירוּשָׁלַ֙͏ִם֙ עִיִּ֣ין תִּֽהְיֶ֔ה וְהַ֥ר הַבַּ֖יִת לְבָמ֥וֹת יָֽעַר׃ {פ} Assuredly, because of youZion shall be plowed as a field,Jerusalem shall become heaps of ruinsAnd the Temple Mount a shrine in the woods. Rabbi Yosef Bitton writes: . The least known of these tragedies is also one of the most relevant, as in some way, the relevance of this act is still present. I refer to the 'plowing of the city' of Jerusalem (חרישת העיר) in the year 130 CE. To understand why the city was plowed—and what this meant at the time—we must review what happened after the Romans destroyed the Second Temple (year 68 CE).

Soixante ans après la 1ère révolte, la Judée se soulève à nouveau sous l'impulsion d'un certain Simon Bar Kokhba, en 132. Une rébellion qui se conclura par un véritable désastre. Sur les ruines de Jérusalem sera érigée une ville nouvelle : Aelia Capitolina et la Judée sera nommée Palestine. Comment et pourquoi en est-on arrivée à cette situation ?  NOTES ·        BIBLIOGRAPHIE | CARTES | CHRONOLOGIE (télécharger)·        Plateformes d'écoute | Réseaux Sociaux | @mail | Infolettre | RSS·        Génériques : Erwan Marchand (D.R.) | Épisode enregistré en Vendée (85, France), mai 2024 | Image de couverture : Bar Kokhba , image générée par IA. «Au Large Biblique » est un podcast conçu et animé par François Bessonnet, bibliste. Sous Licence Creative Commons (cc BY-NC-ND 4.0 FR)  Soutenez le podcast avec Tipeee  ou Ko-fiVous avez lu ces notes jusqu'à la fini. Bravo ! Rendez-vous ici.  CHAPITRES 00:00 Générique et introduction 02:15 (1) Le contexte 08:15 (2) Bar Kokhba 14:45 (3) La fin de la révolte 17:55 (4) 135 et après 20:45 (5) Conclusion 24:00 Générique de fin

*We had some major connection gremlins during recording, but please stick with it. Lots of great information is incoming from Terry.*   This week we welcome back author and historian, Terry Boardman. A deep dive into the historical context of the foundation of the State Of Israel is on the menu. Geo-politics, spiritual warfare and the hidden esoteric hand are areas we hope to explore and elucidate.   Follow Terry's work here: Website - https://threeman.org/ From the web: The foundation of the State of Israel is a fascinating story that spans millennia. Here's a brief overview: Ancient Roots: The roots of modern Israel can be traced back to ancient times when the Israelites established a united kingdom under King Saul around 1020 BCE. However, internal strife and external pressures led to the division of this kingdom into two: Israel in the north and Judah in the south. Over the centuries, the region witnessed a series of conquerors, from the Persians to the Greeks under Alexander the Great, followed by the Seleucid Empire. Roman Period and Jewish-Roman Wars: By 63 BCE, the Romans had annexed Judea, making it a province of the Roman Empire. The destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE by the Roman legions was a devastating blow. A subsequent revolt, the Bar Kokhba rebellion (132-136 CE), further diminished Jewish autonomy in the region. Spread of the Jewish Diaspora: Following these events, the Jewish diaspora spread across the Mediterranean and beyond, but a Jewish presence remained in Palestine throughout the subsequent centuries. Islamic Rule and Ottoman Empire: The rise of Islam in the 7th century CE brought new rulers to the region, including the Umayyad and later the Abbasid Caliphates. Over the next millennium, control of the region shifted among various empires, including the Crusaders, the Mamluks, and the Ottomans. Zionism and the Call for Return: In the late 19th century, the Zionist movement emerged, seeking to establish a national homeland for the Jewish people in Palestine. The term “Zionism” derives from “Zion,” symbolising the entire Promised Land. The Holocaust during World War II strengthened Jewish determination. Declaration of the State of Israel: On May 14, 1948, the Jewish People's Council gathered at the Tel Aviv Museum and proclaimed the establishment of the State of Israel. David Ben-Gurion, leader of the Jewish National Council, read out the proclamation, declaring the first independent Jewish state in nineteen centuries of history. The infant state faced immediate challenges, including war with the Arab League and invasions by three Arab armies. 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Inspired by the commemoration, in this year MMXXIV, of Jesus' Last Supper, Crucifixion and Resurrection from the dead, I am examining, prior to the founding of the Israeli state, the last period in history, 1,889 years ago, when Jews controlled what is today Palestine. After which, in the historical chasm, the Roman empire, and then Arab, Muslim and briefly Christian forces, had control over the territory. Chapters include: The Genetic Masquerade; The Bar Kokhba War; "The One Who Accuses You is Moses."

Content warning for discussions of antisemitism and genocide. Also, note that from 19:10 until 20:05 you can hear an electric saw in the background. Nothing I can do about that. Episode music can be found here: https://uppbeat.io/track/paulo-kalazzi/heros-time Day 2 will dive deeply into the historic context of the Israel-Palestine Conflict and the Gazan Genocide. Starting 3700 years ago this episode will hit the major beats of the story and attempt to make everything a little bit clearer, if not really easier to understand. Episode transcript follows: Hey, Hi, Hello, this is the History Wizard and welcome to Day 2 of Have a Day! w/ The History Wizard. Thank you for everyone who tuned in for Day 1 last week, and especially thank you to everyone who rated and/or reviewed the podcast. I hope you all learned something last week and I hope the same for this week. Today we're going to be discussing the Gazan Genocide, what is often called, in mainstream, Western, media the Israel-Palestine Conflict. However, we're not going to be starting in 2023, we're not even going to be starting in 1948. To the best of my abilities we are going to drill into the historic context of this genocide and the ongoing historic and ethnic tensions that exist in the region. Before we start with that context I would like to state for the record that what is being done to the people of Gaza is, unequivocally, a genocide. Now, to find the beginning of this we are going to have to go back about 3700 years to the Levantine region. The regions known as the Levant is comprised of the modern nations of Cyprus, parts of Turkey southwest of the Euphrates, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and of course Israel and Palestine. Both historical record and genetic testing of modern Jewish and Palestinian people show them both being descended from ancient Canaanite cultures. While Biblical narratives show the Israelites entering the region from Egypt and conquering the region under the command of Moses' successor Joshua. Modern archeology and the historical view has, however, discounted this. The Bible is not and should not ever be used as a valid historical source. Indeed, modern archeology and historical research shows that the Jewish ethnicity emerged naturally as an offshoot of the Canaanites in much the same way that the Palestinian ethnicity did. It is also interesting to note that historically, Palestine appears to have been a name for a region and not a distinct nation or kingdom. Indeed, during the seventh century BC, no fewer than eight nations were settled in Palestine. These included the Arameans of the kingdom of Geshur; the Samaritans who replaced the Israelite kingdom in Samaria; the Phoenicians in the northern cities and parts of Galilee; the Philistines in the Philistine pentapolis; the three kingdoms of the Transjordan– Ammon, Moab and Edom; and the Judaeans of Kingdom of Judah. The first written record of the region being called Palestine, by the way, comes from 12th century BCE Egypt, which used the term Peleset for the area. Around 720 BCE, Kingdom of Israel was destroyed when it was conquered by the Neo-Assyrian Empire, which came to dominate the ancient Near East. Under the Assyrian resettlement policy, a significant portion of the northern Israelite population was exiled to Mesopotamia and replaced by immigrants from the same region. During the same period, and throughout the 7th century BCE, the Kingdom of Judah, experienced a period of economic, as well as population growth. Later in the same century, the Assyrians were defeated by the rising Neo-Babylonian Empire, and Judah became its vassal. In 587 BCE, following a revolt in Judah, the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II besieged and destroyed Jerusalem and the First Temple, putting an end to the kingdom. The majority of Jerusalem's residents, including the kingdom's elite, were exiled to Babylon. This marks the first historic diaspora of Jewish people from their indigenous homeland. Jewish people in the region enjoyed a brief period of political independence and national sovereignty following the Maccabean Revolt. This would only last for a few brief decades before the area would be conquered by the Romans. During the first Roman-Jewish War Jerusalem and the Second Temple, which has been built back in about 516 BCE were both destroyed. From that point on Roman rule would crack down even harder on Jewish people living in the empire. Many of these tensions were caused by the cultural and religions differences between the Romans and Jewish people. Their refusal to worship Roman gods and their refusal to venerate the emperor made them perpetual pariahs.  Jewish communities would continue to resist Roman rule and oppression and this resistance would come to a violent head in events like the Kitos War and the Bar Kokhba Revolt. The Bar Kokhba revolt, led by Simon Bar Kokhba was certainly influenced by the Romans building a temple to Jupiter on the Temple Mount after the destruction of the Second Temple. The revolt, as with the First and Second Roman-Jewish Wars was a complete military defeat for the Jewish people. The Jewish Talmud relates that, when the fortress of Betar was besieged in 135 CE that the Romans went on killing until their horses were submerged in blood up to their nostrils. This revolt would result in Judea being literally wiped off the map. And I mean that quite literally, while the Jewish population was greatly reduced from the area, both by slaughter at the hands of the Romans and because many people were forced from the region, there was still and there has always been a Jewish population in the Levant. But any Roman map from after the Bar Kokhba Revolt would now show the region labeled as Syria Palestina. The Diaspora of Jewish people from Israel and Judea would result in Jewish populations congregating all around Eurasia. Jewish communities would settle near the Rhine, eventually collating into the Ashkenazi Jewish ethnicity. Jewish communities would settle on the Iberian Peninsula and in Northern Africa collating into the Sephardi Jewish ethnicity. Jewish communities would also remain in the Middle East, in Syria Palestina (though they were forbidden by the Romans to live in Jerusalem) and collate into the Mizrahim Jewish ethnicity. There are also smaller Jewish ethnicities like the Bene Israel from India and the Beta Israel from Ethiopia. One of the conclusions that is important to take away at this point is that both Palestinians and Jewish people, Judaism being both a religion and an ethnicity, are indigenous to the lands of Israel and Palestine. I don't really care if you favor a one state or two state solution, but the fact of their mutual indigineousness is undeniable. Now, at this point we're going to take a huge jump forward in time to 1516 when Syria Palestina falls under Ottoman rule. As many ethnically Palestinian people had converted to Islam following the Islamic Conquests of the Middle East in the 7th century CE they were largely seen as good Ottoman citizens and interfered with very little. Jewish people, on the other hand, because they were not followers of Islam found themselves living under the dhimmi system. This was a common system under Muslim empires that allowed people to practice other religions, but with limited rights and at the cost of increased taxes. Some of the restrictions placed on Dhimmi were: In addition to other legal limitations, dhimmis were not considered equals to Muslims, despite being considered “people of the book” Their testimony against Muslims was inadmissible in courts of law wherein a Muslim could be punished; this meant that their testimony could only be considered in commercial cases. They were forbidden to carry weapons or ride atop horses and camels, and their houses could not overlook those of Muslims.  All that being said, the lives of Jewish people in the Ottoman Empire were still demonstrably better than those of Jewish communities living in Europe and they were much more freely able to practice their religion. We're going to jump ahead again to the First Aliyah which took place between 1881 and 1903. Aliyah is a Hebrew word meaning “ascent”. There have been five “official” Aliyah throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. These Aliyah are periods of increased Jewish immigration to their ancestral homeland. This First Aliyah saw Jewish people, mostly from Eastern Europe and Yeman move to Ottoman Palestine because of an increased number of pogroms. Most of the Jewish people from Eastern Europe came from the Pale of Settlement and by 1903, saw about 25,000 Jewish people immigrate. This period also saw many thousands of Jewish people immigrate to the US in order to escape the ever increasing amounts of antisemitic violence around Europe. This First Aliyah also marks, more or less, the beginning of the Zionist movement. Political Zionism as a movement was founded by Theodor Herzl in the late 19th century. He saw antisemitism and antisemitic violence as an indelible part of any society in which Jewish people lived as minorities. He also believed that the only way a Jewish State could be established would be with the help of European powers. He also described the Jewish State as an outpost of civilization against Barbarism and compared himself to Cecil Rhodes. So, safe to say that Herzl was not a man with good intentions for the people that would become his neighbors. Throughout the first decade of the Zionist movement, there were several instances where some Zionist figures, including Herzl, supported a Jewish state in places outside Palestine, such as "Uganda" (actually parts of British East Africa today in Kenya), Argentina, Cyprus, Mesopotamia, Mozambique, and the Sinai Peninsula.]  Herzl, was initially content with any Jewish self-governed state. Jewish settlement of Argentina was the project of Maurice de Hirsch. It is unclear if Herzl seriously considered this alternative plan, and he later reaffirmed that Palestine would have greater attraction because of the historic ties of Jewish people to that area. This, as it was always going to, brings us to the Balfour Declaration. As soon as World War I began the Great Powers of Europe began deciding how they were going to carve up the Ottoman Empire, the Sick Man of Europe, like a Thanksgiving turkey. The Balfour Declaration was part of this planning. The declaration was a public statement issued by the British government in 1917 stating their support for a national home for the Jewish people in Palestine. The entire Declaration reads as follows: His Majesty's Government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country. They clearly failed in all regards of their declaration after the first statement. The end of World War I saw the League of Nations place Palestine under British colonial control, leading to the creation of Mandatory Palestine in 1920, with the League officially giving Britain a Class A mandate in 1922. Britain was originally supposed to guarantee Arab independence following the defeat of the Ottomans in exchange for the Great Arab Revolt that took place against Ottoman rule. The creation of Mandatory Palestine and the existence of the Balfour declaration was partially responsible for Jewish immigration over the next 30 years. As Jewish immigration increased, Palestinian peasants, known as fellahin (fellahin were often tenant farmers or other such peoples who didn't own the land they worked) were forced off the land they worked to survive. These tensions would result in small-scale conflicts between Jewish and Arab people living in Mandatory Palestine, though the first conflict of real historic note would be the Great Palestinian Revolt of 1936. The revolt lasted until 1939. It was a popular uprising of Palestinian Arabs that demanded Arab independence and and end to open-ended Jewish immigration to Palestine. The revolt eventually ended with the issuance of the White Paper in 1939. The White Paper was going to attempt to create a national home for the Jewish people within an independent Palestine within 10 years. However this proposal was rejected by both the Arab and Zionist sides of the negotiation. Before the White Paper, and before the massive violence of the Great Revolt was an Arab General strike that lasted for 6 months in order to try and get their voices heard. This led to the creation of the Peel Commission, which recommended partitioning Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states. This plan was, like the White Paper that would come after it, rejected by both sides. Of force everything would change after World War 2. After the war the British Mandate for Palestine was dissolved and the Israeli Declaration of Independence was issued later that same day. This declaration came as part of the UN partition plan which was outlined in UN Resolution 181 (II). The Resolution set forth to create an Independent Jewish State, an Independent Arab State and a Special International Regime for the City of Jerusalem. This UN Resolution came during the context of the 1947 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine which began after the UN initially voted on the partition plan resolution. This war would have far reaching consequences for everyone in the region and would lead to events like the Nakba and the Israeli government initiating Plan Dalet. Nakba, an Arabic word meaning Catastrophe, refers to the initial ethnic cleansing of Palestinians from their homes following the 1947 Civil War and the broader 1948 Arab-Israeli War. Some 750,000 Palestinian people were forced to flee their homes and their country after the First Arab Israeli War saw Israel in control of all of the land the UN had granted them in the partition plan as well as roughly 60% of the land that was to be Palestine. Causes of Arab flight from Palestine include: Jewish military advances, destruction of Arab villages, psychological warfare and fears of another massacre by Zionist militias after the Deir Yassin massacre, which caused many to leave out of panic; direct expulsion orders by Israeli authorities; the voluntary self-removal of the wealthier classes; collapse in Palestinian leadership and Arab evacuation orders. This period of time would also see many thousands of Jewish people expelled from the surrounding Muslim countries. As you might expect the majority of those people would move to Israel. While we can see that tensions in the region and Zionist abuses of Palestinian people existed before this point, if we HAD to point to a single moment that defined the entire conflict, ethnic cleansing, and genocide it would be this moment. Following the flight of the majority of the Palestinians from Palestine, Israel passed a number of laws, known as Israel land and property laws, disallowing the Palestinians their right to return to their homes in Palestine. Wars would continue over the decades, but the point at which things start to get particularly heinous comes at the end of the Six Day War, also known as the Arab Israeli War. Following this war, which Israel fought against Syria, Jordan, the United Arab Emirates, and Iraq, Israel now had control of the Golan Heights, The West Bank, and the Gaza Strip, and the Sinai Peninsula leaving very little land still under Palestinian sovereign control. Israel would eventually cede the Sinai Peninsula back to Egypt in 1978 as part of the Camp David Accords in exchange for peace and Egyptian recognition of the State of Israel. They retained control over the rest of the territories they had seized. The actions of Israel during this time put increasing strain on Palestinians as more and more of them were forced into refugee camps, and while Gaza is technically under the control of the Palestinian Liberation Organization and Hamas and the West Bank is under the partial control of the Palestinian National Authority both still find themselves heavily under the control of the Israeli government and military. Especially since October of 2023. Human Rights Watch, a non-government organization, considers Israel to still be an invading and occupying force in these two Palestinian regions.  The two of which are separated from each other by the nation of Israel. “Even though Israel unilaterally withdrew its troops and settlements from Gaza in 2005, it continues to have obligations as an occupying power in Gaza under the Fourth Geneva Convention because of its almost complete control over Gaza's borders, sea and air space, tax revenue, utilities, population registry, and the internal economy of Gaza. At a minimum, Israel continues to be responsible for the basic welfare of the Palestinian population in Gaza.” We actually have to backtrack a little bit here before we can finally catch up to the modern day. We need to pop back to 1987, the First Intifada, and the creation of Hamas. The First Intifada lasted from December 1987 until, basically the signing of the Oslo Accords in 1993, although some date the end in 1991 with the Madrid Conference. The Intifafa, or Uprising, was a sustained series of protests, strikes, and riots that began after an IDF truck hit another car carrying Palestinian workers, all four of whom died in the crash. Now, where does Hamas come into this, well in the long history of the Western world, they were created by the people they now fight against. Hamas, in the beginning of its existence, received funding from the Israeli government to act as a counterweight against the more moderate elements of the PLO. Israel would then turn around and try and destroy Hamas when they started to get too powerful. It was Hamas who was behind the October 7th Attacks on Israel. Hamas, by the way, has been the defacto ruling party of Gaza since 2007. Hamas said its attack was in response to the continued Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories, the blockade of the Gaza Strip, the expansion of illegal Israeli settlements, rising Israeli settler violence, and recent escalations. The attack on October 7th began with some 300 missiles being fired into Israeli territory along with coordinated attacks at locations and events like the Re'im Music Festival and various kibbutz's such as Kfar Aza and Be'eri. The attack lasted into the 8th of October and saw 1,143 people killed, 767 of whom were civilians and 36 of whom were children. Also roughly 250 civilians and soldiers were taken hostage with the intent of using them to try and secure the release of Palestinian prisoners in Israel. It does bear mentioning that Israel has knowledge of such an attack a year in advance, according to the New York Times, but dismissed it as impossible. Since this attack by Hamas Israel has been increasing the violence and slaughter that it is committing against the Palestinian people. In the name of their alleged war with Hamas Israel has forced the people of Gaza to move farther and farther to the south as they bombed the northern part of the Strip to glass. Today most of the surviving population of Gaza, some 1.5 million people are forced to live in the city of Rafah, a city that they were told they'd be safe in. They is no longer the case as Israel is now bombing Rafah as well.  Israel has also been blockading Gaza since 2007 and, effectively, has complete control over the food, water, electricity, and medicine that gets into Gaza. Part of this control comes from the fact that Israel keeps bombing hospitals, like they did with Al Shifa in November of 2023. Israel claims that Hamas was using the hospital as a staging ground, despite this being proven false by independent investigations. We know from our previous video that genocide isn't just the mass slaughter of a particular group of people. It is also inflicting conditions of life calculated to bring about the physical destruction of the group in whole or in part. By this definition, concentrating 1.5 million people into a small area without adequate food, water, or medicine, and then bombing that area demonstrates clear intent to destroy.  An even more clear example of this intent was the Flour Massacre that occurred on February 29, 2024. On that day Israel let food aid into Gaza after over a month of not letting anything through their blockade. When people lined up to receive this aid, the Israeli military shot them. The Israeli military set a deliberate trap to lure in starving civilians and then shot and killed over 100 people. We also have massive amounts of intent demonstrated in the words of members of the Israeli government. Such as with Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant called the people of Gaza Human Animals and said that they would allow no food or water to get in. Or when Netanyahu, the Israeli Prime Minister said they'd turn Gaza into a deserted island.  There can be no denying the genocide in Gaza. None whatsoever. The actions of the Israeli government are inexcusable and must be condemned with all possible haste. We are in the midst of a genocide, and so if you've ever wondered what you would have done during something like the Holocaust, now you know. Whatever you're doing now, is what you would have done then. Hopefully what we covered today will provide some needed context for everything that is going on right now. I don't know if it will make anything clearer, and I doubt it will provide you with any solutions, but just because you learn information doesn't mean you can necessarily apply it. Thank you for joining me for Day 2. This was a very heavy topic and next week will not get any lighter. Next week we will be diving into the history and context of the ongoing trans genocide that is currently ongoing in the United States.  Last thing we're gonna do today before we do is the outro is read some reviews that came in on Apple Podcasts over the week. I say over the week, all three of these came in on the 21st. 2 of them came from Canada! And now my notes say “read the reviews* Oh… wait, that was something i was supposed to DO. Not an actual sentence i was supposed to read. I hope i remember to edit this out… Have a Day! w/ The History Wizard is brought to you by me, The History Wizard. PLease remember to rate, review, and subscribe to Have a Day! On your pod catcher of choice. The more you do, the more people will be able to listen and learn along with you. Thank you for sticking around until the end and, as always, Have a Day and Free Palestine.    

In this episode of Inside The Epicenter with Joel Rosenberg, we delve into the fascinating world of biblical prophecy and its profound impact on the modern state of Israel. Join us as we explore the vision of Ezekiel 37, which foretold the miraculous rebirth of Israel against all odds. Discover the power of prophecy and the incredible fulfillment of ancient biblical predictions in our lifetime. We will uncover the significance of understanding these prophecies and their relevance in today's world. So, sit back, listen, and prepare to be amazed by the extraordinary story of Israel's revival. (01:58) Bar Kokhba's revolt was crushed, and Jews dispersed. (06:02) The Lord revives dry bones through prophecy. (08:08) Ezekiel 37: God brings hope to dead people. (11:24) Ezekiel 3:4, prayer requests, prophecy importance. (12:25) Send questions and comments.   Learn more about The Joshua Fund. Make a tax-deductible donation. The Joshua Fund Stock Media provided by DimmySad/Pond5     Related Episodes: 2022: End Times Prophecy & Russia #84 What is False Prophecy? #79 What Is The Power and Purpose of Bible Prophecy? Part 1 #61 Is The War of Gog & Magog Coming? #40 Discover more Christian podcasts at lifeaudio.com and inquire about advertising opportunities at lifeaudio.com/contact-us.

In this episode we look at several other passages from the Babylonian Talmud that oddly, anachronistically, and in contrast to sources from Eretz Yisrael, are set in Yavneh. We propose that the Bavli wanted to "bundle" these passages together so that we read them in light of one another. And what does that yield? That the Bavli envisioned the rabbinic leaders of that generation dealing with pressing theological and political issues that arose in the generation after the defeat of Bar Kokhba. We look (again) at the institution of the fourth berakhah of Birkat Hamazon, the successive exiles of the Sanhedrin, and a discussion among the tanna'im about the causes of a terrible disease. This sets the stage for the more famous discussion between Rabbi Shimon Bar Yohai and Rabbi Yehuda Bar Ilai concerning attitudes toward Rome.

Le siège et la chute de Jérusalem furent un des événements les plus marquants de l'histoire de l'Empire romain mais aussi de l'histoire du judaïsme. Peu avant la Pâque en 70, les armées de Titus entament un siège de plusieurs mois. À la fin septembre, la ville est prise puis finalement détruite. Le dernier foyer juif, réfugié dans la fameuse forteresse de Massada, tombe à son tour en 73.   Quels sont les causes de la chute de Jérusalem ? Faut-il lire l'événement sur le temps long ou au contraire au prisme de la dernière décennie des années 60 ?  Quel est le récit qu'en fait l'auteur juif Flavius Josèphe ?  L'invitée : Mireille Hadas-Lebel est historienne, spécialiste de l'histoire du judaïsme et de l'hellénisme, professeur émérite à la Sorbonne. Elle a publié chez Fayard une biographie de Flavius Josèphe mais aussi d'Hérode. Elle est aussi l'auteure de Jérusalem contre Rome (CNRS éditions, 567 pages, 12 €) et vient de compiler l'œuvre de Flavius Josèphe dans la Collection Bouquins (1536 pages, 34 €). À lire aussi : -"Égypte antique : d'Abraham à Moïse, l'autre terre biblique" : https://bit.ly/3YS6ind -"Bar-Kokhba : le Juif qui s'est révolté contre l'Empire romain" : https://bit.ly/3YSpkdD -"Bérénice, la princesse juive qui séduisit Titus" : https://bit.ly/3YTCOVZ

Sans le récit de Flavius Josèphe, deux siècles d'histoire de Rome et de Jérusalem nous seraient quasiment inconnus. Né Yosef ben Mattityahu Ha-cohen dans une grande famille de Jérusalem en l'an 37, il est mort à Rome, protégé des empereurs successifs de la dynastie flavienne, vers l'an 100. Entretemps il avait vécu en tant qu'acteur des tensions entre Rome et Jérusalem, puis témoin oculaire de la chute du Temple. Proche de Titus, la seconde partie de sa vie est romaine. Elle est entièrement consacrée à l'histoire. En effet dès le lendemain de la guerre, il fut chargé d'en écrire le récit pour la gloire des vainqueurs mais sans dissimuler son propre chagrin. À ce premier ouvrage, La Guerre des juifs contre les Romains ou Guerre de Judée (vers 75), s'ajoutèrent les Antiquités judaïques qui relatent l'histoire biblique mais aussi une précieuse Autobiographie. L'invitée : Mireille Hadas-Lebel est historienne, spécialiste de l'histoire du judaïsme et de l'hellénisme, professeur émérite à la Sorbonne. Elle a publié chez Fayard une biographie de Flavius Josèphe mais aussi d'Hérode. Elle est aussi l'auteure de Jérusalem contre Rome (CNRS éditions, 567 pages, 12 €) et vient de compiler l'œuvre de Flavius Josèphe dans la Collection Bouquins (1536 pages, 34 €). À lire aussi : -"Égypte antique : d'Abraham à Moïse, l'autre terre biblique" : http://bit.ly/3xIkcg7 -"Bar-Kokhba : le Juif qui s'est révolté contre l'Empire romain" : http://bit.ly/3YSpkdD -"Bérénice, la princesse juive qui séduisit Titus" : https://bit.ly/3YTCOVZ

This is part 3 of the Early Church History class. Today we begin to look at the second century. We'll start by considering Jewish Christian movements, including the Nazarenes and the Ebionites. Next we'll shift gears and explore the cultural pressure of asceticism and how it began infiltrating Christianity. We'll briefly survey the influence of Marcion and his followers before sketching out the various christologies of second century. This episode is a hodgepodge of unrelated topics that overlap in the same time period. This will serve as a good introduction before we get into other topics in the second century. Listen to this episode on Spotify or Apple Podcasts https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zxFkeSR6LGg&list=PLN9jFDsS3QV2lk3B0I7Pa77hfwKJm1SRI&index=3 —— Links —— More Restitutio resources on history More classes here Support Restitutio by donating here Join our Restitutio Facebook Group and follow Sean Finnegan on Twitter @RestitutioSF Leave a voice message via SpeakPipe with questions or comments and we may play them out on the air Intro music: Good Vibes by MBB Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) Free Download / Stream: Music promoted by Audio Library. Who is Sean Finnegan?  Read his bio here —— Notes —— Outline Jewish Christianity Asceticism Marcion Gnostics Christologies in the 2nd c. Jewish Christianity Patricia Crone: “Originally, the bastion of law-observing Christianity was the Jerusalem church, the undisputed center of Christianity until the first Jewish war with Rome (AD 66–70). When this war broke out, the Jerusalem Christians reportedly fled to Pella (Ar. Fiḥl) in the Decapolis in Transjordan, and though some returned to the devastated city in 70, they were expelled again after the suppression of Bar Kokhba's revolt in 135, when Hadrian forbade Jews to reside in Jerusalem. Thereafter, Jewish Christians were concentrated in the Aleppo region in northern Syria, in the Decapolis around Pella…and in the Dead Sea region, as we know from Epiphanius (d. 403) and Jerome (d. 420). They would seem also to have been present in the Golan, where excavators of an abandoned village have found lintels decorated with a combination of crosses, menorahs, and other mixed Jewish and Christian symbols, probably indicating that the building was a Jewish Christian synagogue. After Epiphanius and Jerome, however, we have no certain evidence for the existence of Jewish Christians in Greek, Latin, or Syriac sources written before the rise of Islam.”[1] For Nazarenes see Epiphanius, Panarion 29.7.1-6; 29.9.2-4 For Ebionites see Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History 3.27.1-6 Asceticism ἄσκησις, askesis = exercise, training asceticism is the rigorous pursuit of discipline in avoiding bodily pleasures Examples Acts of Paul and Thecla Proto-Gospel of James Acts of John Marcion of Sinope Lived from 85 to 164 Founded his own churches God of the OT is not the God of the NT Docetism: Jesus only appeared human Canon: list of books in the Bible Gnostics believed in pre-creation myth they were Platonists who accepted his creation account, called Timaeus Valentinus streamlined Gnostic religion and brought Jesus to a more central role followers attended mainstream churches on Sunday, but then studied “deeper truths” during the week Christology in the 2nd Century Dynamic Monarchians (Ebionites, Nazarenes, Didache, 1 Clement, Hermas, Theodotus of Byzantium) Docetists (Marcion, Gnostics, Valentinus) Logos Subordinationists (Psuedo-Barnabas, 2 Clement, Justin, Irenaeus) Modalistic Monarchians (Praxeas) [1] Patricia Crone, “Jewish Christianity and the Qurʾān (Part One)”, Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol 74, no 2 (October 2015), 226.

Parmi les nombreux peuples soumis par Rome, seuls les Judéens nous ont laissé un témoignage cohérent sur la puissance impériale. Grâce à l'œuvre immense de Flavius Josèphe, le Juif de Rome, l'historien possède une archive d'une inestimable richesse. Les premiers liens de Rome avec les Juifs datent du IIe siècle avant J.-C. : ils sont mentionnés par le livre de Maccabées et il s'agit d'une relation d'amitié. Que modifie l'arrivée de Pompée à Jérusalem en 63 avant J.-C. ? Comment s'exprime dans les écrits la lutte contre Rome ? Que signifie être juif sous l'Empire romain ? Existe-t-il un particularisme juif ? Quels sont les abus de pouvoir dans ce coin de l'Empire ? Retour sur la naissance de l'amitié entre les deux entités, puis sur la dégradation de leur relation au fil des décennies. L'invitée : Mireille Hadas-Lebel est historienne, spécialiste de l'histoire du judaïsme et de l'hellénisme, professeur émérite à la Sorbonne. Elle a publié chez Fayard une biographie de Flavius Josèphe mais aussi d'Hérode. Elle est aussi l'auteure de Jérusalem contre Rome (CNRS éditions, 567 pages, 12 €) et vient de compiler l'œuvre de Flavius Josèphe dans la Collection Bouquins (1536 pages, 34 €). À lire aussi : _"Égypte antique : d'Abraham à Moïse, l'autre terre biblique" : bit.ly/3YS6ind _"Bar-Kokhba : le Juif qui s'est révolté contre l'Empire romain" : bit.ly/3I7OpKb _"Bérénice, la princesse juive qui séduisit Titus" : bit.ly/3YTCOVZ

Photo: No known restrictions on publication. @Batchelorshow #Classic"Indiana"Hoenlein: "Indiana" Hoenlein and the Lost Scrolls of Bar Kokhba. Malcolm Hoenlein @Conf_of_pres @mhoenlein1 @ThadMcCotter @theamgreatness  (Originally posted January 31, 2022)) https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-artifacts/dead-sea-scrolls/new-scrolls-hidden-during-bar-kokhba-revolt-discovered/

9th of Av 2022

Join Robert Child for a conversation with author Lindsay Powell. Lindsay writes for Ancient History and Ancient Warfare magazine. His articles have also appeared in Military Heritage and Strategy and Tactics. His appearances include BBC Radio, British Forces Broadcasting Service, History Channel and HistoryHit. His latest book is Bar Kokhba. Sign up for our twice monthly email Newsletter SOCIAL: YouTube Twitter Facebook Website --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/robert-child/support

Over the past few episodes we looked at correlations between the sharp sickles of Passover, specifically the First Fruits of the Barley, and the sharp sickles of Revelation Fourteen. Within that passage of Revelation, we read a very specific prophecy: And another angel came out of the temple which is in heaven, and he also had a sharp sickle. Then another angel, the one who has power over fire, came out from the altar; and he called with a loud voice to him who had the sharp sickle, saying, “Put in your sharp sickle and gather the clusters from the vine of the earth, because her grapes are ripe.” So the angel swung his sickle to the earth and gathered the clusters from the vine of the earth, and threw them into the great wine press of the wrath of God. And the wine press was trampled outside the city, and blood came out from the wine press, up to the horses' bridles, for a distance of 1,600 stadia. (Re 14:17-20) Yeshua harvests for Firstfruits of the Barley and Shavuot, the conclusion of human “wheat.” The angel of fire harvests those from the Vineyard as well as the vineyard of the whole earth to throw them into the winepress of Sukkot, when the decrees of Rosh HaShanah are executed upon the whole world. Sukkot is also known as “The Feast of the Nations.” One may enjoy the Feast of the Nations with Yeshua, or one may be part of a nation consumed by his wrath. As we've seen, the prophecies of Scripture are fulfilled multiple times in history. Often there are textual markers, such as a doubled word or repetition within the text, or sometimes a chiasm. Blood up to the horses' bridles is a very precise prophecy, and it leads the reader to a previous fulfillment. In the last stand of the Jews who followed Bar Kokhba, a false messiah, the Romans massacred the inhabitants of Beitar. According to the lone survivor of the massacre, the blood in Beitar ran up to the Roman horses' noses. That leads to the Footsteps prophecy of Song of Songs, which prophesies the “turn” of Messiah on the mountains to meet with his Beloved Israel. 2:17 Until the cool of the day, when the shadows flee, turn, my beloved, and be like a gazelle or a young stag on the mountains of Bether. The mountains of Bether are an odd location because they are not mentioned anywhere else in Scripture, and even the Romans' massacre there was far in the future when first prophesied in the Song. There must have been a singular event in history that would mark a step of Messiah's turning to his Beloved.

Pour connaître l'histoire de la royauté en Israël, nous pouvons lire les livres de Samuel et des Rois, qui en retracent les événements depuis la fin du XIème siècle jusqu'à la ruine de Jérusalem et l'exil en Babylone au début du VIème siècle avant notre ère. Mais ces récits sont-ils suffisants et pertinents pour explorer l'histoire ? REFERENCES ET NOTES•«Au Large Biblique » est un podcast conçu et animé par François Bessonnet, enseignant bibliste et prêtre en Vendée. https://www.aularge.eu/blog/le-podcast/ •Série I – Les origines d'Israël : https://www.spreaker.com/episode/47348322 ou sur https://www.aularge.eu/blog/lhistoire-disrael/ •Série II – Les royaumes d'Israël et Juda (1030-721) : https://www.aularge.eu/blog/lhistoire-disrael-ii-le-royaume-disrael/ •Les livres : 1er (1S) et 2ème (2S) livres de Samuel ; 1er (1R) et 2ème (2R) livres des Rois•Image de couverture : Le tribut de Jéhu, roi d'Israël, à Salmanassar III, roi d'Assyrie – Obélisque noir de Salmanassar (825), découvert à Kalhu (Irak) en 1846- source : wikimedias commons.•Génériques : Erwan Marchand (D.R.)•Fond musical de l'introduction : Sergei Prokofiev, Roméo et Juliette, op. 64.•Épisode enregistré en Vendée (85, France), mai 2022.•Sous Licence Creative Commons (cc BY-NC-ND 4.0 FR)BIBLIOGRAPHIE•Israël Finkelstein et Thomas Römer, Aux origines de la Torah, Paris, Bayard, 2019•Thomas Römer, L'invention de Dieu, Paris, Points, coll. Points Histoire, 531, 2017•Thomas Römer, “D'Abraham à la conquête, l'Hexateuque et l'histoire d'Israël et de Juda” in RSR 2015/1 (t. 103), p.35-53•Philippe Abadie, L'histoire d'Israël entre mémoire et relecture, Paris, Cerf, Lectio Divina, 229, 2009•A.C.F.E.B., Comment la Bible saisit-elle l'histoire ?, Paris, Cerf, Lectio Divina, 215, 2007•J. Alberto Soggin, Histoire d'Israël et de Juda. Introduction à l'histoire d'Israël et de Juda des origines à la révolte de Bar Kokhba, Bruxelles, Lessius, Le livre et le rouleau, 19, 2004•Mario Liverani, La Bible et l'invention de l'histoire, Paris, Bayard, 2003•Olivier Artus, Géographie de la Bible, Paris, Cerf, Cahiers Évangile, 122, 2002•Israël Finkelstein et Neil Asher Silberman, La Bible dévoilée, Paris, Bayard, 2002•Jean-Louis Ska, Les énigmes du passé. Histoire d'Israël et récit biblique, 14, Bruxelles, Lessius, le livre et le rouleau, 2002•Camille Focant, Pierre Gibert, Bible et histoire ; écriture, interprétation et action dans le temps, Bruxelles, Lessius, le livre et le rouleau, 7, 1999•Damien Noël, Au temps des rois d'Israël et Juda, Paris, Cerf, Cahiers Évangile, 109, 1999•Damien Noël, Les origines d'Israël, Paris, Cerf, Cahiers Évangile, 99, 1997•Jacques Briend dir., Israël et les Nations d'après les textes du Proche-Orient ancien, Paris, Cerf, Supplément aux Cahiers Évangile, 69, 1989SUIVRE AU LARGE BIBLIQUE •Instagram : @aularge.eu https://www.instagram.com/aularge.eu/ •Twitter : @AuLargeBiblique https://twitter.com/AuLargeBiblique •Facebook : @aularge85 https://www.facebook.com/aularge85/ •LinkedIn : https://www.linkedin.com/in/fbessonnet/ •Youtube : https://www.youtube.com/user/aulargefbessonnet •Mail : podcast@aularge.eu •Newsletter : https://www.aularge.eu/blog/abonnement/ •RSS : https://www.spreaker.com/show/3266391/episodes/feed Soutenez le podcast avec Tipeee : https://fr.tipeee.com/au-large-biblique

Although the red beast Rome destroyed the daily sacrifice, it cannot destroy the sacrifices in the highest place, the Kingdom just above Mount Zion. Now let's investigate the image of the beast, its last kingdom Rome, and red Rome's daughters. This will help us to understand Revelation Fourteen, the one like the Son of Man with a sickle, and then the angel with the sharp sickle who follows him. The “Footsteps” working text is found here in the Song of Songs: Until the cool of the day, when the shadows flee, turn, my beloved, and be like a gazelle or a young stag on the mountains of Bether. (So 2:17) “The mountains” in the corresponding midrashic thread allude to the powerful kingdoms that have subdued Israel, and specifically Rome, the largest and most powerful kingdom, whose “feet” are still mingled with the governments of the kingdoms of the earth. The mountains of Bether (Beitar) are an unusually specific reference to a place that had no historical significance until hundreds of years later when the Romans destroyed the last of the Jews there who followed the false messiah Bar Kokhba.

Lindsay Powell joins us to talk about Bar Kokhba, the Jew who defied Hadrian and challenged the might of Rome.   Support the Pod from just £3 a month or drop us a tip at: https://linktr.ee/historyhack Buy our Merch! https://shop.historyhackpod.com/

Photo:  A cluster of papyrus containing Bar Kokhba's orders during the last year of the revolt, found at the Cave of Letters in the Judean desert by Israeli archaeologist Yigael Yadin.  Fair use. "Indiana" Hoenlein and the Lost Scrolls of Bar Kokhba. Malcolm Hoenlein @Conf_of_pres @mhoenlein1 @ThadMcCotter @theamgreatness https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-artifacts/dead-sea-scrolls/new-scrolls-hidden-during-bar-kokhba-revolt-discovered/

Lindsay Powell is a historian and writer. He is the news editor of Ancient Warfare and Ancient History magazines. He writes about commanders, campaigns and conflicts in the Ancient World. Lindsay is the author of eight critically acclaimed books, including AUGUSTUS AT WAR, MARCUS AGRIPPA, GERMANICUS, and his recently published BAR KOKHBA. Find out more at https://about.me/lindsaypowell and follow him on Twitter at https://twitter.com/Lindsay_PowellTo order a copy of GERMANICUS, go to Pen and Sword Books at https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Germanicus-Paperback/p/12132 or your favourite bookseller.Support this show http://supporter.acast.com/well-that-aged-well. Our GDPR privacy policy was updated on August 8, 2022. Visit acast.com/privacy for more information.

Messiahs of the post-Talmudic period to the Renaissance are the subjects of the third lecture in David's series “The Messianic Idea in Jewish History.” David discusses: The emergence of ‘the Midrashic Messiah' The concept of the false messiah The disappointment of Bar Kokhba  The influence of Islam on the messianic idea Spiritual messianism The impact … Continue reading "#108 The Messianic Idea in Jewish History (3)" The post #108 The Messianic Idea in Jewish History (3) first appeared on David Solomon. Related posts: #107 The Messianic Idea in Jewish History (2) #106 The Messianic Idea in Jewish History (1) #58 How to Convert the Pope: Successful and Failed Attempts to Bring the Messiah

Que sont Abraham, Jacob-Israël et ses fils au regard de l'histoire ? Comment ces figures patriarcales éclairent-elles les origines d'Israël ?REFERENCES•Épisode disponible sur l'application TUMULT : https://tumult-podcast.com/au-large-biblique •«Au Large Biblique » est un podcast conçu et animé par François Bessonnet, enseignant bibliste et prêtre en Vendée. https://www.aularge.eu/blog/le-podcast/ •Image de couverture : Jozsef Molnár, Ábrahám kiköltözése (le départ d'Abraham), 1850- source : wikimedias commons.•Génériques : Erwan Marchand (D.R.)•Épisode enregistré en Vendée (85, France), décembre 2021.•Sous Licence Creative Commons (cc BY-NC-ND 4.0 FR)BIBLIOGRAPHIE•Israël Finkelstein et Thomas Römer, Aux origines de la Torah, Paris, Bayard, 2019•Thomas Römer, L'invention de Dieu, Paris, Points, coll. Points Histoire, 531, 2017•Thomas Römer, “D'Abraham à la conquête, l'Hexateuque et l'histoire d'Israël et de Juda” in RSR 2015/1 (t. 103), p.35-53•Philippe Abadie, L'histoire d'Israël entre mémoire et relecture, Paris, Cerf, Lectio Divina, 229, 2009•Guy Couturier (dir.), Les patriarches et l'histoire, Paris, Cerf, 2009.•A.C.F.E.B., Comment la Bible saisit-elle l'histoire ?, Paris, Cerf, Lectio Divina, 215, 2007•J. Alberto Soggin, Histoire d'Israël et de Juda. Introduction à l'histoire d'Israël et de Juda des origines à la révolte de Bar Kokhba, Bruxelles, Lessius, Le livre et le rouleau, 19, 2004•Mario Liverani, La Bible et l'invention de l'histoire, Paris, Bayard, 2003•Thomas Römer, « Abraham figure d'un ancêtre », in Le Monde de la Bible, 140, 2002, p.7-8.•Olivier Artus, Géographie de la Bible, Paris, Cerf, Cahiers Évangile, 122, 2002•Israël Finkelstein et Neil Asher Silberman, La Bible dévoilée, Paris, Bayard, 2002•Jean-Louis Ska, Les énigmes du passé. Histoire d'Israël et récit biblique, 14, Bruxelles, Lessius, le livre et le rouleau, 2002•Camille Focant, Pierre Gibert, Bible et histoire ; écriture, interprétation et action dans le temps, Bruxelles, Lessius, le livre et le rouleau, 7, 1999•Damien Noël, Les origines d'Israël, Paris, Cerf, Cahiers Évangile, 99, 1997•Abraham Segal, Abraham, enquête sur un patriarche, Paris, Plon, 1995SUIVRE AU LARGE BIBLIQUE •Instagram : @aularge.eu https://www.instagram.com/aularge.eu/ •Twitter : @AuLargeBiblique https://twitter.com/AuLargeBiblique •Facebook : @aularge85 https://www.facebook.com/aularge85/ •LinkedIn : https://www.linkedin.com/in/fbessonnet/ •Youtube : https://www.youtube.com/user/aulargefbessonnet •Mail : podcast@aularge.eu •Newsletter : https://www.aularge.eu/blog/abonnement/ •RSS : https://www.spreaker.com/show/3266391/episodes/feed Soutenez le podcast avec Tipeee : https://fr.tipeee.com/au-large-biblique

Professor Boaz Zissu is an archaeologist and a member of the Martin (Szusz) Department of Land of Israel Studies and Archaeology at Bar-Ilan University. He has authored and collaborated on numerous studies of the Bar Kokhba Revolt including co-authoring the book The Bar Kokhba Revolt: The Archaeological Evidence. We discuss the background to the revolt, its scale and administration, and its ultimate demise. You can purchase a copy of the book at this link and can find Professor Zissu's lectures on YouTube and his research on Academia.edu.

In AD 132 began the bloody struggle between two strong-willed leaders over who would rule a nation. Ancient Warfare Magazine regular Lindsay Powell has a new book out Bar Kokhba: The Jew Who Defied Hadrian and Challenged the Might of Rome. Lindsay is joined by Jasper and Marc to discuss his new book. Patreon: Patreon.com/ancientwarfarepodcast

Quel fond historique peut bien se cacher sous cette profession de foi d'un Dieu qui « a fait sortir son peuple hors d'Égypte, à main forte et à bras étendu » ? Historiens et archéologues ont cherché, sur le terrain, la présence de ces nombreux fils d'Israël et de leur chef Moïse.REFERENCES•Épisode disponible sur l'application TUMULT : https://tumult-podcast.com/au-large-biblique •«Au Large Biblique » est un podcast conçu et animé par François Bessonnet, enseignant bibliste et prêtre en Vendée. https://www.aularge.eu/blog/le-podcast/ •Image de couverture : Robert Leinweber, La servitude et l'oppression d'Israël en Egypte, 1921 - source : wikimedias commons.•Génériques : Erwan Marchand (D.R.)•Extraits : Turku, Nomads of the Silk Road, https://freemusicarchive.org/music/Turku_Nomads_of_the_Silk_Road/Alleys_of_Istanbul /•Épisode enregistré en Vendée (85, France), novembre 2021.•Sous Licence Creative Commons (cc BY-NC-ND 4.0 FR)SOURCES •La découverte d'ossements préhistorique à Ramla https://www.ouest-france.fr/sciences/archeologie/des-archeologues-decouvrent-une-nouvelle-espece-d-homme-prehistorique-en-israel-7318393 •Sortir d'Égypte (exemples) : Am 3,1, Jr 32,21, Mi 6,4, Is 11,16•Hébreux (exemples) : Gn 39,17, Gn 43,32, 1S 4,9, •Mer scindée en deux en Ex 14,16 ; mer asséchée par un vent violent en Ex 14,21, sauvé au milieu du désert en Ex 14,11.BIBLIOGRAPHIE•Israël Finkelstein et Thomas Römer, Aux origines de la Torah, Paris, Bayard, 2019•Thomas Römer, L'invention de Dieu, Paris, Points, coll. Points Histoire, 531, 2017•Philippe Abadie, L'histoire d'Israël entre mémoire et relecture, Paris, Cerf, Lectio Divina, 229, 2009•A.C.F.E.B., Comment la Bible saisit-elle l'histoire ?, Paris, Cerf, Lectio Divina, 215, 2007•J. Alberto Soggin, Histoire d'Israël et de Juda. Introduction à l'histoire d'Israël et de Juda des origines à la révolte de Bar Kokhba, Bruxelles, Lessius, Le livre et le rouleau, 19, 2004•Mario Liverani, La Bible et l'invention de l'histoire, Paris, Bayard, 2003•Olivier Artus, Géographie de la Bible, Paris, Cerf, Cahiers Évangile, 122, 2002•Israël Finkelstein et Neil Asher Silberman, La Bible dévoilée, Paris, Bayard, 2002•Jean-Louis Ska, Les énigmes du passé. Histoire d'Israël et récit biblique, 14, Bruxelles, Lessius, le livre et le rouleau, 2002•Camille Focant, Pierre Gibert, Bible et histoire ; écriture, interprétation et action dans le temps, Bruxelles, Lessius, le livre et le rouleau, 7, 1999•Damien Noël, Les origines d'Israël, Paris, Cerf, Cahiers Évangile, 99, 1997SUIVRE AU LARGE BIBLIQUE •Instagram : @aularge.eu https://www.instagram.com/aularge.eu/ •Twitter : @AuLargeBiblique https://twitter.com/AuLargeBiblique •Facebook : @aularge85 https://www.facebook.com/aularge85/ •LinkedIn : https://www.linkedin.com/in/fbessonnet/ •Youtube : https://www.youtube.com/user/aulargefbessonnet •Mail : podcast@aularge.eu •Newsletter : https://www.aularge.eu/blog/abonnement/ •RSS : https://www.spreaker.com/show/3266391/episodes/feed Soutenez le podcast avec Tipeee : https://fr.tipeee.com/au-large-biblique

M

Moïse fit sortir les esclaves hébreux vers le pays de Canaan et ce dernier sera conquis avec Josué son successeur. Telle est l'histoire que nous offre la Bible. Mais ce scénario n'est pas corroboré par les données archéologiques, ni même les études exégétiques. Alors que s'est-il passé pour que le territoire de Canaan devienne Israël ? REFERENCES•Episode disponible sur l'application TUMULT : https://tumult-podcast.com/au-large-biblique •«Au Large Biblique » est un podcast conçu et animé par François Bessonnet, enseignant bibliste et prêtre en Vendée. https://www.aularge.eu/blog/le-podcast/ •Image de couverture : Georg Horn, A Geographical Rendering of Judaea, or the Land of Israel, 1658 - source : wikimedias commons.•Génériques : Erwan Marchand (D.R.)•Extraits : Turku, Nomads of the Silk Road, https://freemusicarchive.org/music/Turku_Nomads_of_the_Silk_Road/Alleys_of_Istanbul /•Épisode enregistré en Vendée (85, France), novembre 2021.•Sous Licence Creative Commons (cc BY-NC-ND 4.0 FR)SOURCES ET RESSOURCES•La découverte d'ossements préhistorique à Ramla https://www.ouest-france.fr/sciences/archeologie/des-archeologues-decouvrent-une-nouvelle-espece-d-homme-prehistorique-en-israel-7318393 BIBLIOGRAPHIE•Israël Finkelstein et Thomas Römer, Aux origines de la Torah, Paris, Bayard, 2019•Thomas Römer, L'invention de Dieu, Paris, Points, coll. Points Histoire, 531, 2017•Philippe Abadie, L'histoire d'Israël entre mémoire et relecture, Paris, Cerf, Lectio Divina, 229, 2009•A.C.F.E.B., Comment la Bible saisit-elle l'histoire ?, Paris, Cerf, Lectio Divina, 215, 2007•J. Alberto Soggin, Histoire d'Israël et de Juda. Introduction à l'histoire d'Israël et de Juda des origines à la révolte de Bar Kokhba, Bruxelles, Lessius, Le livre et le rouleau, 19, 2004•Mario Liverani, La Bible et l'invention de l'histoire, Paris, Bayard, 2003•Olivier Artus, Géographie de la Bible, Paris, Cerf, Cahiers Évangile, 122, 2002•Israël Finkelstein et Neil Asher Silberman, La Bible dévoilée, Paris, Bayard, 2002•Jean-Louis Ska, Les énigmes du passé. Histoire d'Israël et récit biblique, 14, Bruxelles, Lessius, le livre et le rouleau, 2002•Camille Focant, Pierre Gibert, Bible et histoire ; écriture, interprétation et action dans le temps, Bruxelles, Lessius, le livre et le rouleau, 7, 1999•Damien Noël, Les origines d'Israël, Paris, Cerf, Cahiers Évangile, 99, 1997SUIVRE AU LARGE BIBLIQUE •Instagram : @aularge.eu https://www.instagram.com/aularge.eu/ •Twitter : @AuLargeBiblique https://twitter.com/AuLargeBiblique •Facebook : @aularge85 https://www.facebook.com/aularge85/ •LinkedIn : https://www.linkedin.com/in/fbessonnet/ •Youtube : https://www.youtube.com/user/aulargefbessonnet •Mail : podcast@aularge.eu •Newsletter : https://www.aularge.eu/blog/abonnement/ •RSS : https://www.spreaker.com/show/3266391/episodes/feed Soutenez le podcast avec Tipeee : https://fr.tipeee.com/au-large-biblique

PREMIER EPISODE d'une série sur l'histoire d'Israël, des origines à la ruine du Temple.Que peut-on savoir des origines d'Israël ? Peut-on suivre la chronologie relative de la Bible ? Quels éclairages apportent les découvertes archéologiques ?REFERENCES•Episode disponible sur l'application TUMULT : https://tumult-podcast.com/au-large-biblique •«Au Large Biblique » est un podcast conçu et animé par François Bessonnet, enseignant bibliste et prêtre en Vendée. https://www.aularge.eu/blog/le-podcast/ •Image de couverture : BethShean (Israël), hiéroglyphes, palais égyptien, XVe s. - source : ©Fr.Bessonnet.•Génériques : Erwan Marchand (D.R.)•Épisode enregistré en Vendée (85, France), novembre 2021.•Sous Licence Creative Commons (cc BY-NC-ND 4.0 FR)SOURCES ET RESSOURCES•La découverte d'ossements préhistorique à Ramla https://www.ouest-france.fr/sciences/archeologie/des-archeologues-decouvrent-une-nouvelle-espece-d-homme-prehistorique-en-israel-7318393 BIBLIOGRAPHIE•Israël Finkelstein et Thomas Römer, Aux origines de la Torah, Paris, Bayard, 2019•Thomas Römer, L'invention de Dieu, Paris, Points, coll. Points Histoire, 531, 2017•Philippe Abadie, L'histoire d'Israël entre mémoire et relecture, Paris, Cerf, Lectio Divina, 229, 2009•A.C.F.E.B., Comment la Bible saisit-elle l'histoire ?, Paris, Cerf, Lectio Divina, 215, 2007•J. Alberto Soggin, Histoire d'Israël et de Juda. Introduction à l'histoire d'Israël et de Juda des origines à la révolte de Bar Kokhba, Bruxelles, Lessius, Le livre et le rouleau, 19, 2004•Mario Liverani, La Bible et l'invention de l'histoire, Paris, Bayard, 2003•Olivier Artus, Géographie de la Bible, Paris, Cerf, Cahiers Évangile, 122, 2002•Israël Finkelstein et Neil Asher Silberman, La Bible dévoilée, Paris, Bayard, 2002•Jean-Louis Ska, Les énigmes du passé. Histoire d'Israël et récit biblique, 14, Bruxelles, Lessius, le livre et le rouleau, 2002•Camille Focant, Pierre Gibert, Bible et histoire ; écriture, interprétation et action dans le temps, Bruxelles, Lessius, le livre et le rouleau, 7, 1999•Damien Noël, Les origines d'Israël, Paris, Cerf, Cahiers Évangile, 99, 1997SUIVRE AU LARGE BIBLIQUE •Instagram : @aularge.eu https://www.instagram.com/aularge.eu/ •Twitter : @AuLargeBiblique https://twitter.com/AuLargeBiblique •Facebook : @aularge85 https://www.facebook.com/aularge85/ •LinkedIn : https://www.linkedin.com/in/fbessonnet/ •Youtube : https://www.youtube.com/user/aulargefbessonnet •Mail : podcast@aularge.eu •Newsletter : https://www.aularge.eu/blog/abonnement/ •RSS : https://www.spreaker.com/show/3266391/episodes/feed Soutenez le podcast avec Tipeee : https://fr.tipeee.com/au-large-biblique

In episode 115, I look at how the early Christians navigated the destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70. I also discuss how they treated the Jewish people in those days and during the Bar Kokhba revolt of the 2nd Century.   Faithful Witness: The Early Church's Theology of Martyrdom         Phil's Website – https://philsbaker.com Patreon Page - patreon.com/philsbaker Apple Podcasts Channel - Reclaiming the Faith BDK - www.omegafrequency.com Contact me – emailphilsbaker@gmail.com The Ante-Nicene Writings - https://www.scrollpublishing.com/store/more-CD-ANF.html

In AD132 began the bloody struggle over who would rule a nation. The clash of two ancient cultures was fought between two strong-willed leaders, Hadrian, the cosmopolitan ruler of the vast Roman Empire, and Shim'on, a Jewish military leader who some believed to be the ‘King Messiah'.During the ‘Second Jewish War' – the highly motivated Jewish militia sorely tested the highly trained professional Roman army. The rebels withstood the Roman onslaught for three-and-a-half years (AD132–136) and established an independent nation, headed by Shim'on as its president. The outcome of that David and Goliath contest was of great consequence, both for the people of Judaea and for Judaism itself.Having journeyed across three continents to establish the facts, historical detective Lindsay Powell draws on archaeology, art, coins, inscriptions, militaria, as well as secular and religious documents, to detail the people and events at a crucial time in world history.Author of Bar Kokhba: The Jew Who Defied Hadrian and Challenged the Might of Rome, Lindsay joins Dan to discuss who Shim'on (known today as ‘Bar Kokhba') was, how Hadrian, the Roman emperor who built the famous Wall in northern Britain, responded to the challenge and how, in later ages, ‘Bar Kokhba' became a hero for the Jews in the Diaspora. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

In AD132 began the bloody struggle over who would rule a nation. The clash of two ancient cultures was fought between two strong-willed leaders, Hadrian, the cosmopolitan ruler of the vast Roman Empire, and Shim'on, a Jewish military leader who some believed to be the ‘King Messiah'.During the ‘Second Jewish War' – the highly motivated Jewish militia sorely tested the highly trained professional Roman army. The rebels withstood the Roman onslaught for three-and-a-half years (AD132–136) and established an independent nation, headed by Shim'on as its president. The outcome of that David and Goliath contest was of great consequence, both for the people of Judaea and for Judaism itself.Having journeyed across three continents to establish the facts, historical detective Lindsay Powell draws on archaeology, art, coins, inscriptions, militaria, as well as secular and religious documents, to detail the people and events at a crucial time in world history.Author of Bar Kokhba: The Jew Who Defied Hadrian and Challenged the Might of Rome, Lindsay joins Dan to discuss who Shim'on (known today as ‘Bar Kokhba') was, how Hadrian, the Roman emperor who built the famous Wall in northern Britain, responded to the challenge and how, in later ages, ‘Bar Kokhba' became a hero for the Jews in the Diaspora. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Since the time before Jesus, the Jews were a part of the Roman Empire. Not a willing part, but a part nonetheless. Not everyone was happy about this and there were attempts to throw off the Roman yoke. There was a war against Rome in the first century in which

Throughout much of its history, the Jewish homeland (known in antiquity as Judea) was occupied and incorporated into other empires. But the longest period of its occupation occurred, not surprisingly, under Roman rule. First annexed in 63 BC following the Siege of Jerusalem, by the start of the 2nd Century AD, tensions between the Jews and their Roman oppressors had reached a boiling point. Then, in AD 132, one man rose from among the Jewish people to lead them in their fight to oust the Romans for good. His name was Shimon Bar-Kokhba and he and the rebellion he led are the subjects of this week's episode. Tune in to learn more about them! --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/historylovescompany/support

Just ahead is the fast of Tisha B'Av, which is considered the saddest day of the Hebrew year because several disastrous events happened in Jewish history—the worst of which were the destruction of Solomon's Temple by the Babylonians in 423 BCE, and the destruction of the Second Temple by the Romans in 70 CE. Other events include the defeat of the Bar Kokhba revolt, the expulsion of the Jews from England in 1290, and from Spain in 1492. Christians today participate in Tisha B'Av because we recognize that God brings consequences into our lives that He uses to speak to us.

Parshat Korach, Numbers 16 A “Talit that is wholly blue” (טלית שכולה תכלת); arguably the first fashion statement, has entered popular Jewish and Israeli folklore and culture. We use this popular account of the Korach rebellion to continue our exploration of the Bible's rejection of class privilege, pride, entitlement, and the corruption that they invite and a democratized vision for Judaism and Israel. Sefaria Source Sheet: www.sefaria.org/sheets/328788 Transcript: Geoffrey Stern  So this is our first fashion edition of Madlik. And we are talking about, a story that probably emerged because of two texts sitting next to each other in the Bible. Last week's parsha/portion ends with a law about wearing a four cornered garment with tzitzit; with these little tassel strings that those of you who have seen ultra-Orthodox Jews walking around, and it's sticking out so well can see it because it is an antidote to following one's eyes. It's so that "lo taturu acharae levavchem... that you do not taturu. If the word taturu sounds a little bit like touring or tourist, that's because it's kind of connected to the story before it, which was the spies that we discussed last week, who did make the mistake of following their eyes and not their vision. But this week, on the other side of that obligation to wear the fringes ..... one of those fringes by the way was to be made of "techelet" which is a royal blue dye that we'll get into. But right after that in the Torah, the namesake of this Portion, which is Korah, rebels against Moses and he literally leads a rebellion against Moses. And basically in the Torah text itself. It says that he says you have gone too far. For all the community are holy... all of them. "Rav Lachem" too much for you. "Ki Kol HaEdah, Kulo Kedoshim"  Lum kudos him. He makes what seems to be a very democratic argument that says why do we have, when it comes to spirituality when it comes to spiritual leadership.... Why should we have leaders? Are we not all holy? Is not every individual endowed with a spirit of God? But the Midrash Tanhuma spins from this, forgive the pun, a wonderful story. And what it says actually happened was that Korach was inspired by the four cornered garment with that one little thread of blue hanging down. And he said, you know, if you have a garment that is "Kulo Techelet" . That is all made of this beautiful royal blue dye, does it still need fringes to make it kosher, acceptable? And of course, the argument that he was making was that since every Jew is holy, the fabric of the Jewish people is one that is "Kulo Techelet" ... we are all royalty. We are all royal blue. So Moses and Aaron, why are you taking the mantle of leadership? And before I just ask you, Rabbi Adam, what your initial thoughts to this story are, I should mention that the story some stories in the in the Midrash are buried and forgotten. And some have entered the vernacular, have entered folklore that is widely known. And in modern day Hebrew, if you say about somebody that he is "kulo Techelet" or he's a "talit she'Kulo Techelet" , that he is a talit that is all blue. Basically what you're saying about him is that he is holier than thou, that he considers himself holier than thou. So this kind of story has lasted the test of time. What does this story mean to you? And why Rabbi? Do you feel that it has become part of the vernacular?   Adam Mintz  So I mean, I think just to answer your second question, first, it's become part of the vernacular. Because the themes of this story are so familiar and so popular. The idea that "Beged she'kulo Techelit" that you know that you're holier than Thou, that's a criticism is something that's so familiar, people have grabbed on to so I think that the idea here is the following Rabbi Soloveitchik, Rabbi Joseph Soloveitchik, who was the rabbi in Boston and the head of the Yeshiva University for over 50 years. He always explained the following. He said, what was the argument? a garment that's completely blue? Why does it need Techelet. the second half of that midrash says, What about a room that is full filled with Jewish books? Does it need a mezuzah? Also the same idea "Bayit Maley Sepharim", does it need s mezuza? Common sense. The answer is Ironically, that yes, it needs in mezuza. And yes, a beged shekulo techelet requires tzitzit, even techelet tzitzit. And that is that not everything in life is common sense. Makes sense all the time. And therefore, Korach comes and he rebels against Moshe. And he says it's not fair. Everybody's holy. Why Moses have you taken the mantle of leadership? The answer is it's not fair says Rabbi Soloveichik. It's not logical. But God wanted a leader of the Jewish people. And therefore, what Rabbi Soloveichik calls this story is the Common Sense Rebellion? And the answer is that not everything is common sense.   Geoffrey Stern  I think that's a fascinating interpretation. And I love the fact that you bought in the other part of the Midrash, which talks about the holy books. And I think what I'd like to explore is that although it seems that Korach is a popularlist and wants to democratize our wonderful religion. The truth is that if you dig down into the story, this was an intertribal discussion, because he wasn't saying that all Jews, all humanity should be able to have access. He literally and this is the fascinating part of the story. He didn't make a hypothetical argument when it came to the talit like he did with the books, he literally went to a tailor. And he had fashioned hundreds of these blue garments, put them on, and they made a statement. But I think it's the first instance of someone who was feigning themselves as a populist, using popularist language, but was actually very elitist. He was arguing that why amongst the tribe of Levi, Aaron and Moses, are you claiming the mantle of leadership, we all have the same exclusive privilege. And we all of us Levis, should be in a power of leadership. So I think, in addition to the common sense argument that he was making, he actually was more couching his argument in common sense. But he actually had a very ulterior motive. And the other thing that I love about bringing in the books of the library, is, you know, when we dance on Simchat Torah, we raise the Torah. And sometimes if you don't have a Torah, you raise a book. And if you don't have a book, you raise a child. And I think the sometimes when you make an argument, the fallacy is embedded in the argument. And in this case, I think the common sense argument is that every Jew every "Pintela Yid" if you will, has holiness. But he was taking advantage of that. And I think, really, what I'd love to explore is the whole concept of Techelit itself, which is actually very expensive, and is literally Royal Blue. It was something that only people with stature and prestige and power could wear. And in a sense, God's commandment of having that one little strand of Royal blue. And worn by every Jew was actually a message that I think, went totally contrary to the intent of Korach if not to, at least the way he packaged it.   Adam Mintz  You find it fascinating that it's royal blue, that it was blue that was special for royalty, and the Korach claimed that that was allowed to be used by everybody. And shouldn't we have certain things that are only allowed to be used by royalty, by special people? I mean, that's an interesting question, Geoffrey, as it relates to today, because the question today is, is there still place for the British royalty?   Geoffrey Stern  I'm gonna, I'm gonna ask Michael to speak in a second. But before I do, I just like to address that point. The point that I was trying to make was that, in the big scheme of things, there was not going to be a priestly caste. And that when God says to the Jewish people, that you should be a "mamlechet Coahinim ve'goy Kadosh", you should be a kingdom of priests. He was literally saying every Jew as white and dowdy and simple as they are, deserves that little thread of royalty. And I think that Korach was trying to, hijack that message. But he wasn't earnest. And I think the reason in my mind in my interpretation that Korach was [considered] a sinner was not because he made the argument, you can call it from common sense, or the argument that all of Israel has a piece in the Torah was that he wasn't being earnest, and that the real lesson of that little thread of blue of roayl blue on every Jew, is that we're all we're all priests. But Michael, I'm interested in hearing what you have to say.   Michael Posnik  I just have a question was rebelling against the God? Or was he rebelling against a political situation?   Adam Mintz  Well, that's such a good question. Maybe it's the same thing.   Michael Posnik  If it's the same thing, then he shouldn't have been punished.   Adam Mintz  Why rebelling against God is bad and rebelling against the political situation that God creates is also bad.   Michael Posnik  God is running. Forgive me, but God is running the political situation. God is in charge of the political side.   Adam Mintz  If Korach is rebelling against God's political situation, then Korach is sinning.   Michael Posnik  He seems to be rebelling against a political situation like we have currently against our king in Israel.   Adam Mintz  Except the king of Israel now has not been appointed by God.   Michael Posnik  Well, you have to ask him about that. I'm going to bow out and listen.   Geoffrey Stern  Well, my sense is that he was rebelling against Moses, and he was using arguments from the Torah that God gave. And so in a sense, he was like saying to Moses, who we all know was the most humble man. But he was saying to him, why Moses, did you take this power for yourself? When the Torah that God gave us says that we can have a kosher garment if it only has one little thread of techelet? And here I am. I'm completely techelet. So I personally would not take from this a mandate against rebellion. Rebellion can be done in in a proper sense. I think a "machloket l'shem Shamayim"  an argument that is for the sake of good and heaven is acceptable? I think there are times where, Man, certainly Abraham showed a healthy ability to argue with God. I come back to the fact that this guy Korach was massaging the truth. He was using slogans. He was making himself to look like a popularizer. and he was trying to usurp. And I think to address your point, Michael, he gave a bad name to people who really want to rebel for the right intention. I don't think you can make a case against the Torah and against Rabbinics that they tried to dampen, differences of opinion and argumentation. And I don't think that's the takeaway from this story. But in any case, I do want to come back to this sense of the techelet, which in my mind, is kind of a little bit at the crux of these stories, both stories, the stories of the spies that was laid before it and the one afterwards. And Techelet if you want ... the Pantone color of the Torah, it would be Techelet..... it would be this amazing royal blue. It's the brand identity. And you know, I'm jumping ahead of myself in time and in commentary. But it's no big surprise that when they were heading to the first Zionist convention, somebody said we need a flag. And the flag that they came up with, by their own admission, was modeled after the simple talit, white background with a stripe or two of blue. And again, I think that this concept of the marriage between the white and the blue, between the simple and the pure, and that touch of royalty that we all share, to me is the essence of the argument against actually against Korach and co acts argument that he was a blue blood that he was part of he should have been in the ruling party test as well. That's that's kind of my takeaway. But, but i want to i, and I think maybe we can open that up for a little bit of discussion. It is amazing rabbi, that getting back to what I said earlier about the fact that this story, and this color has gone into the vernacular, that the blue of the tallied the blue of techelet it ended up into the national flag, and that this comment and this conjuring up this image of the story went into the national mindset. it's a really beautiful, I think, commentary on what the rebirth of the Jewish state and the Jewish people was that we kind of rediscovered ourselves, that we want to rule ourselves but what we want to rule democratically, we want to take the Torah, and we want it to belong to everybody. And obviously, the early Zionits were socialists, so it fell into that. What is your you, Michael, you rabbi, anyone in the in the crowd? What is your feeling about the popularization of the concept techelet?   Adam Mintz  I love your image of the techelet. Everybody has a little piece of trechelt. That you think that your blue blood, but the truth is that we're all Blue Bloods. And I think that's an important notion, being God's people make us blue blood a little bit. And you notice, today, some people have gone back to the techelet if you look at their talit, if you look on the strings, the fringes, there are eight strings on the fringes. The techelet is only one of eight. And I think Geoffrey, that's a powerful idea. The idea is that there's just a little bit of techelet in everybody. It's not completely techelet. People who think that they're completely techelet are going to get themselves in trouble.   Geoffrey Stern  I agree. And I think now we're literally on the same page in terms of what the lesson that Korach was trying to hijack, and he gave a bad name, too. But I think what you said about the reemergence of techelet today is a wonderful segue into the next wonderful story that relates to the history of the techelet.  Well, first of all where does techelet comr from? it comes from a mollusk it comes from a shellfish, which in itself is amazing. You know, I once heard the reason that we have honey on Rosh Hashanah is because honey comes from a bee who's not kosher. And the idea is, as Shlomo Carlebach used to say, "You never know", "you never know where holiness can come from". So he had this beautiful blue, that sanctifies us all comes from a sea urchin, so to speak, that's number one. But number two, it mysteriously was hidden. Or maybe this is the first case of a species that that died, but in any case, the rabbi's of the Talmud said that we no longer have this blue techelet and that's why for so many 1000s of years, Jews have only had white fringes and you make reference to some modern Jews who believe they have rediscovered thetech elet and are using it again. And I think that's an amazing ecological story. It's it's an amazing story about what actually happened what was behind this disappearance of the mollusk.   Adam Mintz  Yeah, now that that's something, Geoffrey that we'll never know the answer to. But that's such an interesting question. Why did the mollusk disappear? Why was it important that for 2000 years, nobody found techelet? Then all of a sudden with the new State of Israel and with new technology, we all found techelet... I wonder about that. Michael, do have any thoughts about that?   Michael Posnik   I see Korach as the mollusk ..... he himself may have not have been kosher, but he was on to something very big.   Adam Mintz  That's a great littl D'var torah.   Geoffrey Stern  Michael, after all, I've said about Korach trying to usurp the thing you still like Korach? You're still on his side.   Michael Posnik  No, I don't take sides anymore.... I'm too old. But I do appreciate the back and forth. I just think that it's a mixing of worlds in a way.     and that was the one I want to ask you, gentlemen, the response of Moses and Aaron to Korach's, rebellion. What do they do? What is their response?   Adam Mintz  Yeah, good question. It's hard to know, what is their response? They kind of take a response from God. And God says to stand up to them, and to prove that Moses and Aaron are the chosen one. But Michael, actually, your question is better than my answer. Cause you want to know what Moses and Aaron were really thinking.   Michael Posnik  I work in the theater. So I always wanted to know, what was the motivation? What was the motiviation behind falling on their faces?   Adam Mintz  Yeah. And I wonder, maybe Moses and Aaron were intimidated.   Michael Posnik  Maybe?   Geoffrey Stern  Well, certainly, if they are what we say they were, which is very humble, it's very hard to stick up for yourself. And, you know, that was a little bit of our discussion last week about getting guts. But I would like to suggest my own theory about how to techelet came to disappear. And I just came across this, this concept when I was young, and after I read the book on Masada. By Yigal Yadin, I read the book on the Bar Kokhba revolt. And this archaeologist slash general, slash Zionist statesman was first and foremost an archaeologist. And he found in a cave in the Judean Desert, a ball of wool that was dyed blue. And of course, his first response was, this is amazing that ....as tough as it was for the zealots. They were keeping the commandments and honoring this wonderful commandment. But being a scientist and being an archaeologist, he sent it to the Dexter Chemical Corporation of New York, and they did some testing and lo and behold, they found out that it was fake techelet...  it was Indigo. And this General in a footnote, quotes the Talmud as saying that fake techelet fake die, [was the result of a ] a big black market for it. There was a lot of corruption involved. And he recounts two parts of the Talmud, one that talks about the tests that have to be made because this fake die was so far reaching and available. And the other one was in the section of the Torah, where it talks about, Damn you, if you change the scales, and you cheat people in the list of the great grievances of cheating people. One of them is to provide faketechelet. So my my pet theory is and of course, Yadin says clearly, the zealots thought they had real techelet. So we are, from an archaeological point of view, looking back 1000s of years and finding how how widespread the corruption that was created by and remember, this is roayl blue, it's expensive. Here is a mitzvah not like a piece orf challah, not like a glass of wine, but you need to use something that is roayl and we're giving a little bit of that royalty to every Jew. But guess what, we there's money, there's corruption. And my pet theory, and I have no basis for it was that due to the black market, the rabbis said, we've got to cut the legs out under this, and there is no more techelet. And they hid the techelet. meaning to say that if they had to weigh between putting the onus of purchasing this expensive die, and snuffing out a corrupt market, that was parleying in holy goods. If they had to put that on one side and cancel one of the 613 commandments, they chose to cancel the commandment. And so in fact, techelet was really extinct. And those who have quote unquote, refound it today are in good order, because maybe we we won't have another corrupt market. But that's my pet theory. And it goes so well, I think to the whole flow of the discussion, which is that the whole message of techelet is that it should be accessible to every Jew, that every Jew has that holy thread. And the second that message got tarnished and corrupted. The rabbi's threw it out. What do you think of that?   Adam Mintz  I love that idea. I think that's great. And I think that today, the fact that they found techelet and so to speak the rabbi's or God is giving us a second chance, a chance to all  have a piece of that techelet, that  royal blue is really a beautiful end to your whole theory.   Geoffrey Stern  Well, thank you, I have to say, personally, I went to what is called a Mussar Yeshiva,  it's a whole long story. Maybe we'll deal with it another time. But it was part of a movement started around the same time as the Hasidic movement maybe a few years later, that stress the ethics. And when you came to my yeshiva, it was called Beer Yaakov and the head of it was someone called Rabbi Shlomo Wolbe. If you came into the Yeshiva, and you tucked your tsitsit into your pocket, which was kind of the nice compromise between making sure that your tsitsit could be seen. But on the other hand, you wanted to dress like a Westerner, and you didn't want to stick out too much. If you came to the Yeshiva, and you had those tzitzit in your pocket, and all of a sudden you decided to take them out. Rabbi Wolbe would call you over. And he would say, what happened to you, you became a Tzadik all of a sudden, now you can walk around with you, tzitzit out? And he really in that comment, really touched upon this holier than thou aspect of keeping religion. There's this kind of dialectic, that here, if we keep the laws of God, how do we stop ourselves flaunting it, wearing it on our sleeves, or in this case on the threads of taslit? And so I think really it that also kind of is enamoring to me, the sense of pride, but also humility, that is, is is imbued with this idea of to techelet   Adam Mintz  Well, the idea, Geoffrey, that the very thing that can make us arrogant, is also the thing that makes us humble is a very powerful idea.   Geoffrey Stern  Yup, always, always two sides to the coin. Right?   Adam Mintz  Right. So that the tzitit that go in your pocket, and remind you of God and therefore humble you there, they're flip side of tzitzit that we're flying around, Rabbi Wolbe didn;t like.   Geoffrey Stern  Yeah, I think to sum it all up to me, as I go through the whole arc of the five books of Moses, starting with the clear rejection of the firstborn and primogeniture  of every one of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob's kids, the rejection of the firstborn of Egypt and the priestly caste, this amazing statement that we are all a kingdom of priests. I think that this fits right into it and one of the most powerful messages to me of the Torah is it's an argument against entitlement against stratification and the monopolization of the holy and this radical, radical democratization and all Israel has a a Chelek (portion) in the Torah. And I think that's the most powerful message. And it's one that also is in the arc of Jewish history. I feel today we are democratizing study of Torah, who can study where you can study? I think in Israel, it has the potential for democratizing Judaism if we could only get the religion out of the government. That's that's the vision I find that to techelet screams to me.   Adam Mintz  Beautiful. I love it. Thank you so much.   Geoffrey Stern  Well, thank you and Shabbat shalom to everyone.   Adam Mintz  thank you so much. I'm looking forward to next week.   Geoffrey Stern  You got it. Let's all have that little Petil techelet, that little string of blue that lets us know that we have access to the holy and the divine as much as anyone else. Shabbat Shalom.

Can we surmise that Marcion is a possible candidate for the author of Mark? He was in Rome during the 130s and I understand his name translates to “little Mark”. Why would a Roman author, whoever he was, choose to edit the Little Apocalypse from the ostensible time of Jesus to appeal to the current circumstances of the Bar Kokhba revolt? Do you have any speculation on who the "Teacher of Righteousness" might be? Could the story of Genesis 3:17b-19b go back ten thousand years to the Agricultural Revolution, perhaps a prescient warning to the people of the time of the dangers of urbanization? In Jubilees 5:12ff, what is the "place of darkness which is not judged"? What do you think about this Epictetus quote: "No great thing is created suddenly, any more than a bunch of grapes or a fig. If you tell me you desire a fig, I will answer that there must be time to blossom, then bear fruit, then ripen." Could it be the Devil's rejoinder to Christ's desire for instant figs? Was Thomas Hobbes correct that the Bible depicts God as a material body? Is Matthew 12:31 a rejoinder to those who deny the personality of the Holy Spirit?

Is there any biblical basis for the insistence of some that only humans go to heaven, not animals? What do you make of the baptism for the dead described in 1 Corinthians 15:29? Why would a Roman author, whoever he was (Marcion?), choose to edit the Little Apocalypse from the ostensible time of Jesus to remove references to the current circumstances of the Bar Kokhba revolt? Do you have any speculation on who the "Teacher of Righteousness" might be? Thomas Hobbes was such a complete materialist that he denied the existence of spirit and said that everything in the universe including God himself was entirely corporeal, that nowhere in the Bible did it explicitly say that angels and over heavenly beings were not material. Think so? Was Mathew 12:31 inserted to threaten “heretics” who denied the personhood of the Holy Spirit?

Special Black Friday deal! Go to https://NordVPN.com/adhistory and use code ADHISTORY to get 68% off a 2 year plan plus 4 additional months free. It’s risk free with Nord’s 30 day money-back guarantee! Learn how a VPN works: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yCWNRzoQGis. Did the Jewish people ever have a chance to return to Jerusalem under Roman Rule? Was Hadrian as good an emperor as he's often made out to be? Well, do we have a story and interview for you! The post The Kitos War & Bar Kokhba Revolt | 131AD-140AD F/ Sam Aronow appeared first on TGNR.

Marty Solomon and Brent Billings walk through the second and third centuries of Church history. Why are we so not-Jewish in our Christian practice today? What happened to cause such a schism between Jews and Christians?AD 100–300 Presentation (PDF)Bar Kokhba revolt — WikipediaDidache — Wikipedia

Selección de temas musicales del siglo XXI con crescendos y clímax emotivos: Vazytouille, Metamorphosis, Gutbucket, Setna, Atomic, Bar Kokhba.

Here are on the Ecu-Men, we are continuing our journey through the Baltimore Catechism. Today in Lesson 2, Part 2, the Ecu-Men are going to cover the transmission of the deposit of the faith which God has bestowed upon us. This is how we learn about God, His Church, creation, etc. As you listen, please feel free to use the links below to learn more about this topic so that you can get even more familiar with the topic. 23a. What do we mean when we say that God has revealed these truths to us? He has made them known to certain persons, to be announced to their fellow men as the word of God. ======= Baltimore Catechism, Lesson 2: https://www.catholicity.com/baltimore-catechism/lesson02.html Church Fathers: http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/ Divine Revelation (description): http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p1s1c2a1.htm Difference in Protestants and Catholics - Steve Ray https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uMMCzoVC0JY Synod of Rome: (Canon of Scripture) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Rome Synod of Hippo: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synod_of_Hippo Synod of Carthage: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Councils_of_Carthage#Synod_of_397 Four Gospels (Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyons, Against Heresies, Book 3, Ch 11, AD 188) http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103311.htm Tertullian coining the term “New Testament” in AD 200. http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/03124.htm Athanasius first ID’s the NT scriptures: http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/2806039.htm Invention of the *Book*: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codex#History Division of Bible into Chapters: (Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury and Cardinal Hugo de Caro): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible Division of Bible Chapters into Verses: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Estienne#Religious_texts World Literacy: https://ourworldindata.org/literacy Zionism: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zionism Bar Kokhba Revolt: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_Kokhba_revolt

Allison Kaplan Sommer, Noah Efron, and Don Futterman discuss three topics of incomparable importance and end with an anecdote about something in Israel that made them smile this week. Looking for the extra-special, special extra segment? Sa’ar in a Storm What does once-and-future Likud leader, Gideon Sa’ar, PM Netanyahu’s nemesis on the premises, promise for Israeli politics? Pains in the Glass An ultra-Orthodox boycott threatens to close down a glass factory that keeps its furnaces glowing on Shabbat. Politics in the marketplace ain’t a bad thing in general, but what about when lots of jobs are on the line? A (2nd Century) Star is Born! Bar Kokhba led a tragic and disastrous revolution against the Romans in the 2nd century. Why is he a Zionist hero today? Trumpville? Trumptown? Trump City? For our most extremely generous Patreon supporters, we discuss in our extra-special, special extra segment the Golan settlement slated to be named after Donald Trump – Trumpville? Trumptown? Trump City? Trump Valley? Trump Heights? Trumpboro? Trumpopolis? – and what we make of having a town renamed after the American president. Music Jonamoon, after their triumphant appearance at the Jacob’s Ladder Folk Festival: Valentines Friends Magic Eyes Symphony

Introduction to the Thessalonians: Historical Background for the “Eschatological Letters”From the second century B.C. to the second century A.D., the prophecy in Daniel 9:24-27 had been variously interpreted by the Jews, resulting in many expected dates for the Messiah. The Maccabeans, Julius Caesar, Herod the Great, Jesus of Nazareth, Herod Agrippa I, the Zealots, and Bar Kokhba, each fit certain calculation, and each failed in a sense. Who is the Messiah, and when shall he come (again), were the questions at the day. The two letters to the Thessalonians were written under the expectation of a soon second coming of Christ. Paul taught them to have a warm heart together with a cool mind.Pastor Daiqing Yuan, Ph.D.

We're rounding the corner and heading into the final tracks of Rain Dogs, but Waits isn't done with us yet as he deploys another odd instrumental groove (or two) to remind us of the strange spine of this album. Song by Song is Martin Zaltz Austwick and Sam Pay; two musicians listening to and discussing every single Tom Waits track in chronological order. website: songbysongpodcast.com twitter: @songbysongpod e-mail: songbysongpodcast@gmail.com Music extracts used for illustrative/review purposes include: Bride of Rain Dog, Rain Dogs, Tom Waits (1985) Gevurah, Bar Kokhba, John Zorn (1996) We think your Song by Song experience will be enhanced by hearing, in full, the songs featured in the show, which you can get hold of from your favourite record shop or online platform. Please support artists by buying their music, or using services which guarantee artists a revenue - listen responsibly.

Brad Sullivan 4 Easter, Year A May 7, 2017 Emmanuel, Houston Acts 2:42-47 John 10:1-10 Thieves and Bandits Jesus said, “All who came before me are thieves and bandits...The thief comes only to steal and kill and destroy. I came that they may have life, and have it abundantly.” Those who came before Jesus were those who were seen as a messiah, an anointed one of God. There was a messianic fervor in Jesus’ time, a great desire for one to arise who would be the messiah, the anointed one to drive Rome out of Israel and to lead Israel into a time of peace and prosperity, a time that would last forever. They were wanting a new king over Israel as the messiah, the anointed one, because the anointed ones were the kings of Israel. David, king David who slew Goliath was the second of these anointed ones, these kings. David was seen as the greatest of all the kings of Israel, and by what Jesus said, he was a thief and bandit. See, God was not overly enamored of Israel’s desire to have a king rule over them. God even warned Israel what would happen if they placed a king over themselves. In 1 Samuel, God said to Israel that if you place a king over you, he will take your sons for his chariots and horsemen; your daughters to be perfumers, cooks, and bakers. He will take the best of your fields, vineyards, and olive orchards to give to his friends; and 1/10 of your grain and vineyards to give to his officers and his friends. He will take your servants and the best of your cattle, 1/10 of your flocks, and “you shall be his slaves.” Now, being that the people of Israel thought things through about as well as we do, they said, “sounds great; sign us up!” Now, some of the kings of Israel were pretty good, some were ok, and some were rancidly terrible, but they were all anointed ones, all messiahs. They were all seen as the new savior of Israel, and according to Jesus, they were all thieves and bandits. They made war. They conquered and were conquered. They took from the people in order to bring about their conquests, and they took from the people in order to live in the opulence fitting for a king. Jesus did something different. Jesus did not seek conquest. He did not kill. He did not take from his subjects in order to live like a king, instead he lived simply. Jesus was anointed by God, the messiah, and he led his people by being the good shepherd who lays down his life for the sheep. Many people had wanted to raise Jesus up as their earthly king, as their earthly anointed messiah to lead a revolt against Rome, and he could have let them. He could have chosen that; he had every right to, being, you know, God, but he didn’t. Jesus chose instead to be killed, rather than have thousands or even millions be killed in order to drive Rome out for the sake of some insults, some hardships, and a building. That’s really what it came down to, right? Rome ruled over Israel and collected taxes from them, usually taking more than they were supposed to. Corruption abounded. They began appointing the high priest over Israel, desecrated the Temple in various ways, stole from the temple, and heaped contempt upon contempt for the Jewish people and their religion. Insults, hardships, and a building. Jews began to radicalize amidst the oppression of Rome and the messianic fervor of the age, and in the year 66, the great revolt began against Rome. The Jews rebelled and won their first couple of battles again Rome. After that, things did not go well. Hundreds of thousands of Jews were killed fighting in the great revolt, and in the year 70, the Temple was destroyed by Rome. Then in 132, the Bar-Kokhba revolt began. Shimon Bar-Kokhba was yet another messianic figure who led a three year revolt against Rome. This revolt cost hundreds of thousands of more Jewish lives and also ended in defeat. All told, estimates are that over a million and a half Jews were killed in these two revolts, the Temple was destroyed, and in the year 135, the entire nation of Israel was destroyed, the people taken into slavery or forced to move elsewhere. “The thief comes in only to steal and kill and destroy,” Jesus said. The people of Israel followed thieves and bandits, and their lives were stolen from them. Husbands and fathers became killers. Men with livelihoods took up the sword and were killed. Their whole way of life, indeed their entire nation, was destroyed. “I came that they may have life,” Jesus said, “and have [life] abundantly.” The earliest disciples of Jesus followed a different path than the path laid out by the thieves and bandits who led Israel. Jesus’ small band of disciples followed him as their shepherd, as the gate to fields of life abundant. They followed in his ways. When they were kicked out of the Synagogue, they did not argue that they deserved to be there, they simply met in people’s homes instead. When Rome said they couldn’t meet in the temples of the Roman gods, they did not demand a right of worship, but met elsewhere. They followed Jesus, the good shepherd, and God added daily to their numbers. They were a people without a nation, a people of many nations, living wherever they were, following and believing in Jesus. They didn’t have doctrine yet. They didn’t have a set of beliefs about Jesus other than his teachings, his death, and his resurrection. People followed him, believed in him and his way, and they received life, abundantly. Like the people of Israel, the earliest Christians were living under the corrupt and oppressive government of Rome which didn’t care one whit if any of them lived or died, but rather than fight that government, they banded together and provided for each other as there was need. They cared about each other more than they cared about their stuff, and they cared about each other more than they cared about fighting against Rome. They were, as we read in Psalm 1, like trees planted by streams of living water. I know, it’s a mixed metaphor, shepherds and trees, but we’ll go with it. Trusting in Jesus, following in his ways, and banding together to care for one another, the earliest Christians became a forest fed and nurtured by the abundant life of Jesus. Together, this forest had fruit in abundance, and they shared their fruit with others, even the small woodland creatures who were not a part of the forest, who did not work for their fruit. They provided shade and fruit for these creatures living in their forest, and they and even let some make their homes in their branches, and these other creatures became trees as well, sharing in the abundant life of Jesus. They were provided for by Jesus, by their trust and faith in him and in his ways, and they shared abundantly with others. Now, men came with axes from time to time, the oppression of Rome, and this forest of the early church even shared abundantly with them. Some of these men became part of the forest themselves. Others of these men came and cut down some of the trees, but the forest remained and continued to have abundant life and to share life abundant, fed by the streams of living water of Jesus and his ways. This forest of the early church was the new Eden of Jesus. That was Jesus’ kingdom. That was the place where Jesus led his disciples, the new Eden, and the new Eden of Jesus and his way could happen in any kingdom of earth, in any place and in any time. The people of Jesus’ way, of his movement, did not look for an earthly thief or bandit to lead them to steal what others had, to force their rights upon others, to kill, be killed, and destroy. The people of Jesus’ way, his movement, looked to Jesus to lead them beside still waters, to be for them streams of living water so that they could be planted in any place and bring forth fruit and shade to care for those around them, to give to any as there was need. That is life, the life abundant in the Jesus movement, life with Jesus as our shepherd. Looking at a modern example of a thriving church with life abundant, the church in China is in a similar place as the early church was. The government of China is not overly enamored of Christianity, so while they allow it, they have state sponsored churches, led by earnest Christians, but regulated by the state. Sounds a little like Israel under Rome, doesn’t it. Rather than rebel against the government, however, many Christians in China are simply forming their own churches. They are meeting in homes or other larger building that they own. They aren’t demanding any rights from the government; they are just going ahead and meeting, being the church, and the government is letting them. They come by and check the roles to know who is attending these unregistered churches, but without fighting, with no thieves and bandits to steal, kill, and destroy, these unregistered churches in China are thriving and growing. They are becoming, like the early church, a forest planted by the streams of living water of Jesus and his ways. Now some in this country still talk about Christianity being attacked by our government. Rather than quibble about whether such oppression is true or untrue, I would say it is irrelevant. Where the church thrives, it thrives not because a government allows it to. The church thrives and becomes the new Eden whenever and wherever the people of the church follow Jesus, trust in him and his ways, and band together, caring for each other more than their rights as a church. When the church follows Jesus and his ways, and when we band together and care for one another, we become the new Eden, a forest planted by streams of living water that thrives and has life abundantly.

Brad Sullivan 4 Easter, Year A May 7, 2017 Emmanuel, Houston Acts 2:42-47 John 10:1-10 Thieves and Bandits Jesus said, “All who came before me are thieves and bandits...The thief comes only to steal and kill and destroy. I came that they may have life, and have it abundantly.” Those who came before Jesus were those who were seen as a messiah, an anointed one of God. There was a messianic fervor in Jesus’ time, a great desire for one to arise who would be the messiah, the anointed one to drive Rome out of Israel and to lead Israel into a time of peace and prosperity, a time that would last forever. They were wanting a new king over Israel as the messiah, the anointed one, because the anointed ones were the kings of Israel. David, king David who slew Goliath was the second of these anointed ones, these kings. David was seen as the greatest of all the kings of Israel, and by what Jesus said, he was a thief and bandit. See, God was not overly enamored of Israel’s desire to have a king rule over them. God even warned Israel what would happen if they placed a king over themselves. In 1 Samuel, God said to Israel that if you place a king over you, he will take your sons for his chariots and horsemen; your daughters to be perfumers, cooks, and bakers. He will take the best of your fields, vineyards, and olive orchards to give to his friends; and 1/10 of your grain and vineyards to give to his officers and his friends. He will take your servants and the best of your cattle, 1/10 of your flocks, and “you shall be his slaves.” Now, being that the people of Israel thought things through about as well as we do, they said, “sounds great; sign us up!” Now, some of the kings of Israel were pretty good, some were ok, and some were rancidly terrible, but they were all anointed ones, all messiahs. They were all seen as the new savior of Israel, and according to Jesus, they were all thieves and bandits. They made war. They conquered and were conquered. They took from the people in order to bring about their conquests, and they took from the people in order to live in the opulence fitting for a king. Jesus did something different. Jesus did not seek conquest. He did not kill. He did not take from his subjects in order to live like a king, instead he lived simply. Jesus was anointed by God, the messiah, and he led his people by being the good shepherd who lays down his life for the sheep. Many people had wanted to raise Jesus up as their earthly king, as their earthly anointed messiah to lead a revolt against Rome, and he could have let them. He could have chosen that; he had every right to, being, you know, God, but he didn’t. Jesus chose instead to be killed, rather than have thousands or even millions be killed in order to drive Rome out for the sake of some insults, some hardships, and a building. That’s really what it came down to, right? Rome ruled over Israel and collected taxes from them, usually taking more than they were supposed to. Corruption abounded. They began appointing the high priest over Israel, desecrated the Temple in various ways, stole from the temple, and heaped contempt upon contempt for the Jewish people and their religion. Insults, hardships, and a building. Jews began to radicalize amidst the oppression of Rome and the messianic fervor of the age, and in the year 66, the great revolt began against Rome. The Jews rebelled and won their first couple of battles again Rome. After that, things did not go well. Hundreds of thousands of Jews were killed fighting in the great revolt, and in the year 70, the Temple was destroyed by Rome. Then in 132, the Bar-Kokhba revolt began. Shimon Bar-Kokhba was yet another messianic figure who led a three year revolt against Rome. This revolt cost hundreds of thousands of more Jewish lives and also ended in defeat. All told, estimates are that over a million and a half Jews were killed in these two revolts, the Temple was destroyed, and in the year 135, the entire nation of Israel was destroyed, the people taken into slavery or forced to move elsewhere. “The thief comes in only to steal and kill and destroy,” Jesus said. The people of Israel followed thieves and bandits, and their lives were stolen from them. Husbands and fathers became killers. Men with livelihoods took up the sword and were killed. Their whole way of life, indeed their entire nation, was destroyed. “I came that they may have life,” Jesus said, “and have [life] abundantly.” The earliest disciples of Jesus followed a different path than the path laid out by the thieves and bandits who led Israel. Jesus’ small band of disciples followed him as their shepherd, as the gate to fields of life abundant. They followed in his ways. When they were kicked out of the Synagogue, they did not argue that they deserved to be there, they simply met in people’s homes instead. When Rome said they couldn’t meet in the temples of the Roman gods, they did not demand a right of worship, but met elsewhere. They followed Jesus, the good shepherd, and God added daily to their numbers. They were a people without a nation, a people of many nations, living wherever they were, following and believing in Jesus. They didn’t have doctrine yet. They didn’t have a set of beliefs about Jesus other than his teachings, his death, and his resurrection. People followed him, believed in him and his way, and they received life, abundantly. Like the people of Israel, the earliest Christians were living under the corrupt and oppressive government of Rome which didn’t care one whit if any of them lived or died, but rather than fight that government, they banded together and provided for each other as there was need. They cared about each other more than they cared about their stuff, and they cared about each other more than they cared about fighting against Rome. They were, as we read in Psalm 1, like trees planted by streams of living water. I know, it’s a mixed metaphor, shepherds and trees, but we’ll go with it. Trusting in Jesus, following in his ways, and banding together to care for one another, the earliest Christians became a forest fed and nurtured by the abundant life of Jesus. Together, this forest had fruit in abundance, and they shared their fruit with others, even the small woodland creatures who were not a part of the forest, who did not work for their fruit. They provided shade and fruit for these creatures living in their forest, and they and even let some make their homes in their branches, and these other creatures became trees as well, sharing in the abundant life of Jesus. They were provided for by Jesus, by their trust and faith in him and in his ways, and they shared abundantly with others. Now, men came with axes from time to time, the oppression of Rome, and this forest of the early church even shared abundantly with them. Some of these men became part of the forest themselves. Others of these men came and cut down some of the trees, but the forest remained and continued to have abundant life and to share life abundant, fed by the streams of living water of Jesus and his ways. This forest of the early church was the new Eden of Jesus. That was Jesus’ kingdom. That was the place where Jesus led his disciples, the new Eden, and the new Eden of Jesus and his way could happen in any kingdom of earth, in any place and in any time. The people of Jesus’ way, of his movement, did not look for an earthly thief or bandit to lead them to steal what others had, to force their rights upon others, to kill, be killed, and destroy. The people of Jesus’ way, his movement, looked to Jesus to lead them beside still waters, to be for them streams of living water so that they could be planted in any place and bring forth fruit and shade to care for those around them, to give to any as there was need. That is life, the life abundant in the Jesus movement, life with Jesus as our shepherd. Looking at a modern example of a thriving church with life abundant, the church in China is in a similar place as the early church was. The government of China is not overly enamored of Christianity, so while they allow it, they have state sponsored churches, led by earnest Christians, but regulated by the state. Sounds a little like Israel under Rome, doesn’t it. Rather than rebel against the government, however, many Christians in China are simply forming their own churches. They are meeting in homes or other larger building that they own. They aren’t demanding any rights from the government; they are just going ahead and meeting, being the church, and the government is letting them. They come by and check the roles to know who is attending these unregistered churches, but without fighting, with no thieves and bandits to steal, kill, and destroy, these unregistered churches in China are thriving and growing. They are becoming, like the early church, a forest planted by the streams of living water of Jesus and his ways. Now some in this country still talk about Christianity being attacked by our government. Rather than quibble about whether such oppression is true or untrue, I would say it is irrelevant. Where the church thrives, it thrives not because a government allows it to. The church thrives and becomes the new Eden whenever and wherever the people of the church follow Jesus, trust in him and his ways, and band together, caring for each other more than their rights as a church. When the church follows Jesus and his ways, and when we band together and care for one another, we become the new Eden, a forest planted by streams of living water that thrives and has life abundantly.

1. Hamas Permitting Restricted Individuals To Leave Gaza The Hamas-rulers of Gaza have partially reopened the border today after the terror group closed border crossing in attempt to catch assassins of the group's senior commander, Mazen Fuqaha. #Hamas #Border ____________________ 2. Senior Hamas Operative Arrested In The West Bank Shin Bet has arrested a senior operative, Rafat Nasif, from the Hamas terror group in the West Bank city of Tulkarem. #RafatNasif #ShinBet ____________________ 3. V.P. Mike Pence Addresses AIPAC Annual Conference U-S Vice President Mike Pence told at IPAC that U.S. President Donald Trump is still seriously thinking about moving the US embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. #Pence #AIPAC #Embassy ____________________ 4. Reaction To U.N. Criticism Of Israeli Settlement Policy ILTV'S Steve Leibowitz sat down with Dan Diker from the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs about the UN criticism of Israeli settlement policy. #SteveLeibowitz #DanDiker #UN ____________________ 5. Dallas Texas JCC Evacuated After Threatening Phone Call Another JCC facility has been evacuated after a bomb threat phone call after Israel arrested a teenager suspected of perpetrating most of the JCC bomb threats. #JCC #BombThreat ____________________ 6. Israeli Mossad Spy Agency Tries To ‘Flip' French DGSI Agents A new report by a French newspaper is alleging that the Israeli Mossad spy agency has attempted to infiltrate French agencies to collect information and recruit double agents. #France #Mossad ____________________ 7. Two Israeli Teen Hackers May Be Indicted For Cybercrime A duo of Israeli teenage hackers face accusations that they created and sold software around the world that was designed to overload their clients' computers. #Cyber #Hackers ____________________ 8. Keep Everyone In Your Business' Loop With Printbos Ofir Grinner, PrintBOS Division Manager at Consist Technologies speaking at ILTV studio about PrintBOS that offers end-to-end customer communication management. #OfirGrinner #PrintBOS ____________________ 9. New Israeli Garbage Treatment Is One Of World's Largest Israel now treats waste in a far-more environmentally-friendly way. New facility transforms and recycles majority of daily waste products. #Garbage #Environment ____________________ 10. Oldest Jewish Manuscript In The New World Returns To Mexico A Jewish manuscript from 1595 returned to Mexico after mysteriously vanishing more than 75 years ago. #Manuscript #Mexico ____________________ 11. Students Find 2000-Yr-Old Jewish Settlement Outside Jerusalem Students from a Jerusalem high school helped to unearth an impressive-labyrinth of underground tunnels. Experts say were used by rebels during the “Bar Kokhba revolt.” #Archeology #Jerusalem ____________________ 12. Hebrew word Of The Day, MISMACH | מסמך = A DOCUMENT Learn a new Hebrew word every day. Today's word is "mismach" which means "a document" #Learnhebrew #Hebrewwordofday #Iltvhebrewwordofday _____________________ 13. The Weather Forecast Tonight will be partly cloudy with a low of fifty-one or eleven degrees Celsius. Tomorrow you can expect it to be partly cloudy again but with a slight drop in temperatures to a high of seventy or twenty-one degrees Celsius. #Israelweather #Israelforecast See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

When the ancient Romans attempted to establish control in Judea during the first century of the modern era, they touched off violent rebellions from the native Jewish residents. These violent wars between the Jews and the Romans led to the deaths of thousands of people. In the year 132, Simon Bar Kokhba led a third and final revolt. After a number of initial rebel victories, Emperor Hadrian called in his general Julius Severus to lead an immense Roman army assembled from every corner of the empire to deal with the Jewish rebels. The war led to the deaths of more than a half a million Jews and the Jewish state was wiped away not to return for 1,800 years. These events played an important part in the bible, particularly the Gospels.

Born Simon ben Kosiba, Simon bar Kokhba led the Bar Kokhba revolt against the Roman empire. The revolt succeeded momentarily, and the Romans were expelled from Judea -- but the conflict was far from over. Tune in and learn what happened next. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://news.iheart.com/podcast-advertisers