Drug Cards Daily

Hyoscyamine is also known by the brand name Levsin. It is most commonly used to treat GI or bladder spasms or as adjunct treatment for IBS, PUD, and colic. It is also used in the treatment of rhinitis. It comes in a wide variety of dosage forms with the most common strengths being 0.125 mg and 0.375 mg. A common dosing regimen is between 0.125 mg - 0.25 mg every 4 hours as needed. The 0.375 mg dose is most commonly used with extended release formulations and dosed every 8-12 hours. Common side effects are xerostomia, dry eyes, dizziness, fever, blurred vision, and insomnia. There is a risk for fever or heat stroke especially when exercising or if in high heat environments. Amazon Affiliate link: https://amzn.to/31OkKVe for NAPLEX Math Review: The Foundation of a Logical NAPLEX Prep Strategy. FREE Drug Card Sheet is available for this episode at DrugCardsDaily.com along with ALL past FREE drug card sheets! Please SUBSCRIBE, FOLLOW, and RATE on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever your favorite place to listen to podcasts are. I'd really appreciate hearing from you! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or find me on most all socials @drugcardsdaily or send an email to contact.drugcardsdaily@gmail.com to leave feedback, request a drug, or say hello! DISCLAIMER: This content may contain sponsored content or the use of affiliate links. Partnerships, sponsorships, and the use of affiliate links provide monetary commissions for Drug Cards Daily at no cost to you! This is done in order to keep providing as much free content to everyone that comes to Drug Cards Daily. Thanks for your support! Drug Cards Daily provides drug information for educational and entertainment use. The information provided is not intended to be a sole source of drug information that is to be acted upon for patient care. If there are drug-related patient care concerns please contact your primary care Physician or local Pharmacist. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Haloperidol also known by the brand name Haldol is a first generation antipsychotic. Haldol is commonly used in the treatment of Psychosis and Tourette Syndrome. There is also an off label use for acute agitation. When using Haldol it is important to use the lowest effective dose. A common dosing range is between 0.5-2 mg which is taken by mouth and divided two to three times daily. In severe treatment cases the treatment range can be as high as 3-5 mg PO 2-3x daily. The mechanism of action is proposed to be from selective antagonism of dopamine D2 receptors. Haldol is widely distributed throughout the body and is 92% protein bound. There is a black box warning for dementia-related psychosis. Haldol is not approved in dementia-related psychosis due to an increased risk of cardiovascular or infectious events that can lead to mortality in elderly patients. Amazon Affiliate link: https://amzn.to/31OkKVe for NAPLEX Math Review: The Foundation of a Logical NAPLEX Prep Strategy. FREE Drug Card Sheet is available for this episode at DrugCardsDaily.com along with ALL past FREE drug card sheets! Please SUBSCRIBE, FOLLOW, and RATE on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever your favorite place to listen to podcasts are. I'd really appreciate hearing from you! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or find me on most all socials @drugcardsdaily or send an email to contact.drugcardsdaily@gmail.com to leave feedback, request a drug, or say hello! DISCLAIMER: This content may contain sponsored content or the use of affiliate links. Partnerships, sponsorships, and the use of affiliate links provide monetary commissions for Drug Cards Daily at no cost to you! This is done in order to keep providing as much free content to everyone that comes to Drug Cards Daily. Thanks for your support! Drug Cards Daily provides drug information for educational and entertainment use. The information provided is not intended to be a sole source of drug information that is to be acted upon for patient care. If there are drug-related patient care concerns please contact your primary care Physician or local Pharmacist. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Paroxetine, also known as Paxil, is a Selective Serotonin-Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) used in the treatment of various mood disorders. Mood disorders such as major depressive disorder, OCD, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, PTSD, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and mild-moderate menopausal vasomotor symptoms. Dosing varies by indication but commonly between 20-50 mg PO qam for immediate release dosage forms and around 12.5-75 mg PO qam for the extended release dosage forms. The absorption of paroxetine is not affected by food and is completely bioavailable after oral administration. The half-life elimination is around 21-24 hours. There is a black box warning for suicidality with the increased risk seen in children, adolescents, and young adults. Always weigh the risks vs benefits when using the medication. Amazon Affiliate link: https://amzn.to/31OkKVe for NAPLEX Math Review: The Foundation of a Logical NAPLEX Prep Strategy. FREE Drug Card Sheet is available for this episode at DrugCardsDaily.com along with ALL past FREE drug card sheets! Please SUBSCRIBE, FOLLOW, and RATE on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever your favorite place to listen to podcasts are. I'd really appreciate hearing from you! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or find me on most all socials @drugcardsdaily or send an email to contact.drugcardsdaily@gmail.com to leave feedback, request a drug, or say hello! DISCLAIMER: This content may contain sponsored content or the use of affiliate links. Partnerships, sponsorships, and the use of affiliate links provide monetary commissions for Drug Cards Daily at no cost to you! This is done in order to keep providing as much free content to everyone that comes to Drug Cards Daily. Thanks for your support! Drug Cards Daily provides drug information for educational and entertainment use. The information provided is not intended to be a sole source of drug information that is to be acted upon for patient care. If there are drug-related patient care concerns please contact your primary care Physician or local Pharmacist. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is a combination product that is known by the brand name DIazide or Maxide. It is a combination of two diuretics. Triamterene is a potassium-sparing diuretic while HCTZ is a thiazide diuretic. This combination product is used in the treatment of hypertension and peripheral edema. It comes as a capsule and as a tablet. Both work in the distal convoluted tubule but triamterene increases potassium retention while HCTZ does not. Common side effects are muscle cramps, electrolyte disorders, constipation, and orthostatic hypotension. There is a black box warning for hyperkalemia that can be potentially fatal if uncorrected and potassium should be monitored in high risk patients. It can be taken with or without food and should be taken 4 hours before or 4-6 hours after medications like cholestipol and cholestyramine. Amazon Affiliate link: https://amzn.to/31OkKVe for NAPLEX Math Review: The Foundation of a Logical NAPLEX Prep Strategy. FREE Drug Card Sheet is available for this episode at DrugCardsDaily.com along with ALL past FREE drug card sheets! Please SUBSCRIBE, FOLLOW, and RATE on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever your favorite place to listen to podcasts are. I'd really appreciate hearing from you! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or find me on most all socials @drugcardsdaily or send an email to contact.drugcardsdaily@gmail.com to leave feedback, request a drug, or say hello! DISCLAIMER: This content may contain sponsored content or the use of affiliate links. Partnerships, sponsorships, and the use of affiliate links provide monetary commissions for Drug Cards Daily at no cost to you! This is done in order to keep providing as much free content to everyone that comes to Drug Cards Daily. Thanks for your support! Drug Cards Daily provides drug information for educational and entertainment use. The information provided is not intended to be a sole source of drug information that is to be acted upon for patient care. If there are drug-related patient care concerns please contact your primary care Physician or local Pharmacist. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Glyburide also goes by the brand names of Diabeta, Glynase, and Micronase. It is most commonly used in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. The dosing range varies and is based on the patients blood glucose and the level of control needed. The treatment range is between 1.25-20 mg PO divided 1-2 times daily. Glyburide is given with meals. The mechanism of action lowers blood glucose through the stimulation of pancreatic beta cells. It is very important to note that the conventional and micronized tablets are not interchangeable. The comparison is approximately 1.25 mg to 0.75 mg. Common side effects are weight gain, epigastric discomfort, and blurred vision. The more serious side effects are a disulfiram-like reaction, hypoglycemia, and agranulocytosis. Amazon Affiliate link: https://amzn.to/31OkKVe for NAPLEX Math Review: The Foundation of a Logical NAPLEX Prep Strategy. FREE Drug Card Sheet is available for this episode at DrugCardsDaily.com along with ALL past FREE drug card sheets! Please SUBSCRIBE, FOLLOW, and RATE on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever your favorite place to listen to podcasts are. I'd really appreciate hearing from you! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or find me on most all socials @drugcardsdaily or send an email to contact.drugcardsdaily@gmail.com to leave feedback, request a drug, or say hello! DISCLAIMER: This content may contain sponsored content or the use of affiliate links. Partnerships, sponsorships, and the use of affiliate links provide monetary commissions for Drug Cards Daily at no cost to you! This is done in order to keep providing as much free content to everyone that comes to Drug Cards Daily. Thanks for your support! Drug Cards Daily provides drug information for educational and entertainment use. The information provided is not intended to be a sole source of drug information that is to be acted upon for patient care. If there are drug-related patient care concerns please contact your primary care Physician or local Pharmacist. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Tamsulosin is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocking agent also known as the brand name Flomax. Tamsulosin comes as a 0.4 mg capsule that is typically dosed 0.4 mg PO qd for 30 minutes after the same meal. The most common side effects are dizziness, cough and various infections. Some of the more serious side effects are priapism, arrhythmia, and syncope. Tamsulosin is most commonly used in males for the treatment of enlarged prostatic hyperplasia. It is commonly used to relieve symptoms such as difficulty in the beginning of urination and for weak streams as well as the need to urinate often in the middle of the night. Amazon Affiliate link: https://amzn.to/31OkKVe for NAPLEX Math Review: The Foundation of a Logical NAPLEX Prep Strategy. FREE Drug Card Sheet is available for this episode at DrugCardsDaily.com along with ALL past FREE drug card sheets! Please SUBSCRIBE, FOLLOW, and RATE on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever your favorite place to listen to podcasts are. I'd really appreciate hearing from you! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or find me on most all socials @drugcardsdaily or send an email to contact.drugcardsdaily@gmail.com to leave feedback, request a drug, or say hello! DISCLAIMER: This content may contain sponsored content or the use of affiliate links. Partnerships, sponsorships, and the use of affiliate links provide monetary commissions for Drug Cards Daily at no cost to you! This is done in order to keep providing as much free content to everyone that comes to Drug Cards Daily. Thanks for your support! Drug Cards Daily provides drug information for educational and entertainment use. The information provided is not intended to be a sole source of drug information that is to be acted upon for patient care. If there are drug-related patient care concerns please contact your primary care Physician or local Pharmacist. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Alendronate is a bone resorption inhibiting bisphosphonate. The most common brand name is Fosamax. There is a dosage form specific Binosto which is a tablet that dissolves in a solution. The main indication is in the treatment of osteoporosis. Some considerations to make for patients is the supplementation of Ca and Vitamin-D if there is inadequate dietary intake. When taking the tablet it should be administered with water and taken 30 minutes before the first meal or medication of the day. It's also very important to avoid lying down for 30 minutes after taking it. The common dosing is 70 mg PO qd. There is an alternative dosing for osteoporosis which is 5-10 mg po qd. The most common side effects are heartburn, upset stomach and nausea. When monitoring patients the bone mineral density (BMD) should be taken at baseline and periodically thereafter. Amazon Affiliate link: https://amzn.to/31OkKVe for NAPLEX Math Review: The Foundation of a Logical NAPLEX Prep Strategy. FREE Drug Card Sheet is available for this episode at DrugCardsDaily.com along with ALL past FREE drug card sheets! Please SUBSCRIBE, FOLLOW, and RATE on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever your favorite place to listen to podcasts are. I'd really appreciate hearing from you! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or find me on most all socials @drugcardsdaily or send an email to contact.drugcardsdaily@gmail.com to leave feedback, request a drug, or say hello! DISCLAIMER: This content may contain sponsored content or the use of affiliate links. Partnerships, sponsorships, and the use of affiliate links provide monetary commissions for Drug Cards Daily at no cost to you! This is done in order to keep providing as much free content to everyone that comes to Drug Cards Daily. Thanks for your support! Drug Cards Daily provides drug information for educational and entertainment use. The information provided is not intended to be a sole source of drug information that is to be acted upon for patient care. If there are drug-related patient care concerns please contact your primary care Physician or local Pharmacist. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Prednisone is a glucocorticoid or corticosteroid with minimal mineralocorticoid activity. It is most often used in treating conditions that are corticosteroid-responsive such as in acute exacerbation of Multiple Sclerosis, or in the treatment of Acute Asthma. Common dosing ranges between 5-60 mg PO 1-2 times daily. If the patient has been on high dose therapy or has undergone longer term therapy it is highly recommended to taper the patient gradually off the medications. The most common side effects are weight gain, loss of appetite, mood changes, muscle & joint pain, and headache. One of the more serious considerations is to not get any live vaccines while on this medication. The main concern is the vaccine will not work as well due to prednisone's ability to lower the body's immune response. Amazon Affiliate link: https://amzn.to/31OkKVe for NAPLEX Math Review: The Foundation of a Logical NAPLEX Prep Strategy. FREE Drug Card Sheet is available for this episode at DrugCardsDaily.com along with ALL past FREE drug card sheets! Please SUBSCRIBE, FOLLOW, and RATE on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever your favorite place to listen to podcasts are. I'd really appreciate hearing from you! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or find me on most all socials @drugcardsdaily or send an email to contact.drugcardsdaily@gmail.com to leave feedback, request a drug, or say hello! DISCLAIMER: This content may contain sponsored content or the use of affiliate links. Partnerships, sponsorships, and the use of affiliate links provide monetary commissions for Drug Cards Daily at no cost to you! This is done in order to keep providing as much free content to everyone that comes to Drug Cards Daily. Thanks for your support! Drug Cards Daily provides drug information for educational and entertainment use. The information provided is not intended to be a sole source of drug information that is to be acted upon for patient care. If there are drug-related patient care concerns please contact your primary care Physician or local Pharmacist. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Hyzaar is the brand name for the combination of losartan and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). It comes as a tablet in several strengths (losartan/HCTZ): 100 mg/25 mg, 100 mg/12.5 mg, and 50 mg/12.5 mg. The indications are for hypertension and for the prevention of stroke. Dosing is generally initiated at 50 mg/12.5 mg PO qd but if the patient has severe hypertension it is initiated at higher strengths. There is a Black Box Warning for fetal toxicity and the medication should not be used or discontinued immediately if pregnancy is detected or suspected. The most common side effects are dizziness, cough, and dyspepsia. The serious side effects are renal failure, acute angle-closure glaucoma, and non-melanoma skin cancer. Amazon Affiliate link: https://amzn.to/31OkKVe for NAPLEX Math Review: The Foundation of a Logical NAPLEX Prep Strategy. FREE Drug Card Sheet is available for this episode at DrugCardsDaily.com along with ALL past FREE drug card sheets! Please SUBSCRIBE, FOLLOW, and RATE on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever your favorite place to listen to podcasts are. I'd really appreciate hearing from you! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or find me on most all socials @drugcardsdaily or send an email to contact.drugcardsdaily@gmail.com to leave feedback, request a drug, or say hello! DISCLAIMER: This content may contain sponsored content or the use of affiliate links. Partnerships, sponsorships, and the use of affiliate links provide monetary commissions for Drug Cards Daily at no cost to you! This is done in order to keep providing as much free content to everyone that comes to Drug Cards Daily. Thanks for your support! Drug Cards Daily provides drug information for educational and entertainment use. The information provided is not intended to be a sole source of drug information that is to be acted upon for patient care. If there are drug-related patient care concerns please contact your primary care Physician or local Pharmacist. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Folic acid goes by many different names such as folate, Vitamin B9 or even by the brand name of FaLessa. It is a water-soluble vitamin and used in the treatment of Megaloblastic Anemia as well as in supplementation. When treating Anemia dosing is initiated at 1 mg PO qd up to a mas of 5 mg per day until hematologic correction occurs. When it comes to supplementation, dosing varies based on age. Folic acid is an important component in DNA synthesis as well as in erythropoiesis. Common side effects are rash, irritability, flatulence, and abdominal pain. Folic acid is found in a wide variety of foods such as spinach, beets, dried beans, citrus fruits, and legumes. Amazon Affiliate link: https://amzn.to/31OkKVe for NAPLEX Math Review: The Foundation of a Logical NAPLEX Prep Strategy. FREE Drug Card Sheet is available for this episode at DrugCardsDaily.com along with ALL past FREE drug card sheets! Please SUBSCRIBE, FOLLOW, and RATE on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever your favorite place to listen to podcasts are. I'd really appreciate hearing from you! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or find me on most all socials @drugcardsdaily or send an email to contact.drugcardsdaily@gmail.com to leave feedback, request a drug, or say hello! DISCLAIMER: This content may contain sponsored content or the use of affiliate links. Partnerships, sponsorships, and the use of affiliate links provide monetary commissions for Drug Cards Daily at no cost to you! This is done in order to keep providing as much free content to everyone that comes to Drug Cards Daily. Thanks for your support! Drug Cards Daily provides drug information for educational and entertainment use. The information provided is not intended to be a sole source of drug information that is to be acted upon for patient care. If there are drug-related patient care concerns please contact your primary care Physician or local Pharmacist. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Risedronate also is known by the brand names Actonel and Atelvia. It is a bisphosphonate derivative and used in the treatment of osteoporosis. A typical dosing regimen is 35 mg PO every week. Alternative dosing regimens are 5 mg PO qd and 150 mg PO every month. Risedronate works by inhibiting resorption of bone which indirectly leads to an increase of bone mineral density (BMD). Unlike other drugs, risedronate is not metabolized. This medication has an extremely long half-life at around 480-561 hours. When taking risedronate it is important to consider adequate Calcium and Vitamin-D intake. Common side effects are abdominal pain, insomnia, depression, constipation, dyspepsia, and headache. When taking risedronate it is important for it to be given with 6-8 ounces of water and for the patient to remain upright for at least 30 minutes. Amazon Affiliate link: https://amzn.to/31OkKVe for NAPLEX Math Review: The Foundation of a Logical NAPLEX Prep Strategy. FREE Drug Card Sheet is available for this episode at DrugCardsDaily.com along with ALL past FREE drug card sheets! Please SUBSCRIBE, FOLLOW, and RATE on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever your favorite place to listen to podcasts are. I'd really appreciate hearing from you! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or find me on most all socials @drugcardsdaily or send an email to contact.drugcardsdaily@gmail.com to leave feedback, request a drug, or say hello! DISCLAIMER: This content may contain sponsored content or the use of affiliate links. Partnerships, sponsorships, and the use of affiliate links provide monetary commissions for Drug Cards Daily at no cost to you! This is done in order to keep providing as much free content to everyone that comes to Drug Cards Daily. Thanks for your support! Drug Cards Daily provides drug information for educational and entertainment use. The information provided is not intended to be a sole source of drug information that is to be acted upon for patient care. If there are drug-related patient care concerns please contact your primary care Physician or local Pharmacist. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Oxycodone also is known as Roxicodone or as the extended release abuse deterrent formulations Oxycontin and Xtampza. The most common use for oxycodone is in the treatment of moderate to severe pain. When treating patients it is important to determine if the patient is opioid-naïve or opioid experienced. Opioid-naïve patients are doses at the lowest effective dose for the shortest effective duration. Initiating dosing is around 5-15 mg PO q4-6h prn. Opioid-experienced patients are dosed based on their current opioid intake and converted using the most current nomograms. There are multiple black box warnings and extreme caution and monitoring should be exercised when prescribing. The most common side effects are constipation, dizziness, fever, anxiety and confusion. Some serious side effects are abuse, dependency, seizures, and respiratory depression. Amazon Affiliate link: https://amzn.to/31OkKVe for NAPLEX Math Review: The Foundation of a Logical NAPLEX Prep Strategy. FREE Drug Card Sheet is available for this episode at DrugCardsDaily.com along with ALL past FREE drug card sheets! Please SUBSCRIBE, FOLLOW, and RATE on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever your favorite place to listen to podcasts are. I'd really appreciate hearing from you! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or find me on most all socials @drugcardsdaily or send an email to contact.drugcardsdaily@gmail.com to leave feedback, request a drug, or say hello! DISCLAIMER: This content may contain sponsored content or the use of affiliate links. Partnerships, sponsorships, and the use of affiliate links provide monetary commissions for Drug Cards Daily at no cost to you! This is done in order to keep providing as much free content to everyone that comes to Drug Cards Daily. Thanks for your support! Drug Cards Daily provides drug information for educational and entertainment use. The information provided is not intended to be a sole source of drug information that is to be acted upon for patient care. If there are drug-related patient care concerns please contact your primary care Physician or local Pharmacist. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Diazepam is also known as Valium and Diastat. It comes as a tablet, solution, nasal liquid, rectal gel, and concentrated solution. There are a wide variety of uses for diazepam such as for the treatment of anxiety, pre-op sedation, procedural sedation, alcohol withdrawal, muscle spasms, and seizures. A common dosing range when treating anxiety is 2-10 mg PO bid-qid. There are also approved uses in pediatrics such as for anxiety, muscle spasms, and status epilepticus. The benefits from diazepam are often linked to the enhancement of the GABA-A, not the GABA-B, receptors. The most common side effects are drowsiness, confusion, libido changes, and irritability. There are several Black Box Warnings to be aware of such as concomitant opioid use, the risk of abuse/misuse/addiction, and the risk of dependence/withdrawal reactions. Make sure to monitor the patients' LFTs if prolonged usage as well as their blood pressure and mental status. FREE Drug Card Sheet is available for this episode at DrugCardsDaily.com along with ALL past FREE drug card sheets! Please SUBSCRIBE, FOLLOW, and RATE on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever your favorite place to listen to podcasts are. I'd really appreciate hearing from you! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or find me on most all socials @drugcardsdaily or send an email to contact.drugcardsdaily@gmail.com to leave feedback, request a drug, or say hello! --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Atenolol is a Beta-1 Selective Beta Blocker Antihypertensive Agent that is also known by the brand name Tenormin. The common indications are for Hypertension (HTN), Angina, and Post-MI Cardiovascular Event Prevention. It also has an off label use for Migraine Prophylaxis. Dosing range is between 25-200 mg PO qd depending on the indication. Should the patient ever need to discontinue the medication they should be tapered off gradually due to risks of exacerbation of treated indication. Common monitoring parameters include but are not limited to Cr and BP at baseline and periodically thereafter, ECG, and 10-year ASCVD risk assessment. Apple juice and orange juice should be avoided when taking this medication because they may prevent atenolol from being absorbed properly. The most common side effects are bradycardia, drowsiness, hypotension, fatigue, and cold extremities. FREE Drug Card Sheet is available for this episode at DrugCardsDaily.com along with ALL past FREE drug card sheets! Please SUBSCRIBE, FOLLOW, and RATE on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever your favorite place to listen to podcasts are. I'd really appreciate hearing from you! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or find me on most all socials @drugcardsdaily or send an email to contact.drugcardsdaily@gmail.com to leave feedback, request a drug, or say hello! --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Well it was bound to happen eventually. After recording & editing episode 58 it was brought to my attention that memantine was already covered back in episode 19! I guess here is the new version? Sorry everybody. EPISODE #19 Summary: Memantine is a NMDA antagonist that goes by the brand name Namenda. There are also titration packs available in the name brand. Memantine treats but does not cure confusion and dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease. There are multiple dosage forms being a capsule, solution, and tablet. Special considerations are for patients with renal and hepatic impairment. Memantine does appear to have higher exposure in women than men. Memantine is proposed to work on the glutamate receptor blocking the receptor much like magnesium does under “normal” conditions. This drug has a long elimination half-life between 60-80 hours. The main side effects are weight gain, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea and vomiting. A serious side effect is Stevens Johnson Syndrome. Two main types of drugs that interact with Namenda are alkalinizing agents and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. The drug can be taken with or without food and if a dose is missed it should not be doubled on the next dose. The missed dose should be skipped and resumed regularly. FREE Drug Card Sheet is available for this episode at DrugCardsDaily.com along with ALL past FREE drug card sheets! Please SUBSCRIBE, FOLLOW, and RATE on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever your favorite place to listen to podcasts are. I'd really appreciate hearing from you! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or find me on most all socials @drugcardsdaily or send an email to contact.drugcardsdaily@gmail.com to leave feedback, request a drug, or say hello! --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Methylprednisolone is a widely used corticosteroid used in the treatment of various corticosteroid-responsive conditions. The most commonly used dosing regimen comes in a pre-packaged punch card in order to help patients on the medication. The dosing begins at 24 mg (or six 4mg tablets) on day 1. Then decrease by 4 mg (or one tablet) each day until done. Since steroids can easily upset the stomach it is recommended to take it with food or milk. Since methylprednisolone is a steroid common concerns are either elevated blood pressure and glucose intolerance. If long term usage the concern grows to weight gain or more serious conditions such as cataracts or immunosuppression. The main concern in children with long term usage is growth suppression. Live vaccinations should not be administered to patients on methylprednisolone. The most common side effects are upset stomach, trouble sleeping, restlessness, and headache. FREE Drug Card Sheet is available for this episode at DrugCardsDaily.com along with ALL past FREE drug card sheets! Please SUBSCRIBE, FOLLOW, and RATE on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever your favorite place to listen to podcasts are. I'd really appreciate hearing from you! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or find me on most all socials @drugcardsdaily or send an email to contact.drugcardsdaily@gmail.com to leave feedback, request a drug, or say hello! --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Cephalexin is a widely used antibiotic. It is often used when treating various bacterial infections in both Adults and Pediatrics. Bacterial infections such as Streptococcal Pharyngitis, Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs), and Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections (SSSIs). There is also an off label indication for Dental Endocarditis Prophylaxis. Cephalexin works by causing bacteria cells to lyse by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) thus inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. Caution is to be used in renally impaired patients. Cephalexin appears to be safe for use during pregnancy and when breast-feeding. Common side effects are abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. If the suspension is used, after reconstitution the suspension should be refrigerated and discarded after 14 days. FREE Drug Card Sheet is available for this episode at DrugCardsDaily.com along with ALL past FREE drug card sheets! Please SUBSCRIBE, FOLLOW, and RATE on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever your favorite place to listen to podcasts are. I'd really appreciate hearing from you! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or find me on most all socials @drugcardsdaily or send an email to contact.drugcardsdaily@gmail.com to leave feedback, request a drug, or say hello! --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Digoxin also goes by the brand names Digox, Digitalis, and Lanoxicaps. Digoxin comes as tablets, a solution, and an injection. In both Adults and Pediatrics, when calculating doses it is important to use the patient's lean body weight (LBW) with dose adjustments based on levels. It is important to also remember that concentrations of >2 ng/mL lead to digoxin toxicity and can also be identified with signs and symptoms such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and visual changes. The most common indications are for treating Heart Failure with reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) and Atrial Fibrillation (AFib). Digoxin is poorly protein bound with a long duration of action between 3-4 days. THe most common side effects are dizziness, headache, bradycardia, weakness, and confusion. FREE Drug Card Sheet is available for this episode at DrugCardsDaily.com along with ALL past FREE drug card sheets! Please SUBSCRIBE, FOLLOW, and RATE on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever your favorite place to listen to podcasts are. I'd really appreciate hearing from you! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or find me on most all socials @drugcardsdaily or send an email to contact.drugcardsdaily@gmail.com to leave feedback, request a drug, or say hello! --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Methylphenidate comes in many dosage forms with a variety of brand names but this drug is most commonly known as Ritalin. Some of the dosage forms are as immediate release (IR) tablets, extended release (ER) capsules, patches, orally disintegrating tablets (ODT), and solutions. When treating ADHD, dosing is highly variable and based on dosage form but a common between most all of the oral dosage forms is to not take a dose after 6 pm and to take 30-45 minutes before a meal. Methylphenidate can be used in treating both children and adults with ADHD but there is one other indication for this drug being for treating narcolepsy. The mechanism of action is not fully understood but it is proposed to have CNS sympathomimetic effects which increase norepinephrine and dopamine release while blocking reuptake. This medication is poorly protein bound up to 33%. Common side effects are insomnia, weight gain, and irritability but the most serious concern is the black box warning for abuse and dependence. CNS stimulant abuse risk should be assessed and monitored in patients. Go to DrugCardsDaily.com for episode show notes which consist of the drug summary, quiz, and link to the drug card for FREE! Please SUBSCRIBE, FOLLOW, and RATE on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever your favorite place to listen to podcasts are. The main goal is to go over the Top 200 Drugs with the occasional drug of interest. Also, if you'd like to say hello, suggest a drug, or leave some feedback I'd really appreciate hearing from you! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or find me on twitter @drugcardsdaily --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Carvedilol comes in both an extended release capsule and an immediate release tablet. The brand name is Coreg. It is classified as an antihypertensive and beta-blocker with alpha blocking activity. Coreg works through selective alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonism. It has non-selective beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptor antagonism. It is a racemic mixture with no intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. When discontinuing therapy taper the patient off the medication over 1-2 weeks. Some common side effects are dizziness, fatigue, and weight gain. Some serious side effects are severe bradycardia, SJS, and severe anemia. The medication should be taken with food in order to avoid and minimize orthostatic hypotension. Go to DrugCardsDaily.com for episode show notes which consist of the drug summary, quiz, and link to the drug card for FREE! Please SUBSCRIBE, FOLLOW, and RATE on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever your favorite place to listen to podcasts are. The main goal is to go over the Top 200 Drugs with the occasional drug of interest. Also, if you'd like to say hello, suggest a drug, or leave some feedback I'd really appreciate hearing from you! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or find me on twitter @drugcardsdaily --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Tiotropium is a long acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) that is also known by the brand name Spiriva. It comes as an inhaled aerosol solution as well as an inhaled capsule. The main indications are for the treatment of COPD and Asthma. Tiotropium works through reversible competitive inhibition of acetylcholine at type 3 muscarinic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle which leads to bronchodilation. The medication is poorly absorbed in the GI and hepatically metabolized via the CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 pathways. The time to peak is between 5-7 minutes with the half-life elimination between 25-44 hours. Although the data in pregnancy and lactation is limited, the benefits for use likely outweighs the risk for a patient dealing with uncontrolled asthma. Some common side effects are cough, headache, GERD, rash and UTI. Some serious side effects are paradoxical bronchospasms and angle-closure glaucoma. It is important to note that tiotropium is not intended to be a quick-relief inhaler and should not be used for flare-ups or shortness of breath. It is recommended to clean the inhaler once monthly with water air dried. After usage the patient should rinse the mouth out; not due to the risk of thrush like with an ICS but to help prevent xerostomia and throat irritation. Go to DrugCardsDaily.com for episode show notes which consist of the drug summary, quiz, and link to the drug card for FREE! Please SUBSCRIBE, FOLLOW, and RATE on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever your favorite place to listen to podcasts are. The main goal is to go over the Top 200 Drugs with the occasional drug of interest. Also, if you'd like to say hello, suggest a drug, or leave some feedback I'd really appreciate hearing from you! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or find me on twitter @drugcardsdaily --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Citalopram is also known by the brand name Celexa. It is an antidepressant and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). The tablet come in a 10 mg, 20 mg, and 40 mg strength and is also available as a 10 mg/5 ml solution. In adults and pediatrics it can be used to treat both major depressive and obsessive compulsive disorder. There are other off-label indications in children but the only approved use is in adults for major depressive disorder. The treatment range for treating major depressive disorder in adults is 20-40 mg PO qd with a max of 40 mg/day. There is literature with a max of 60 mg/day for OCD but 40 mg/day is the most commonly accepted max dose. The onset of action and benefits for patients are typically seen within the first 1-2 weeks with continued improvements through weeks 4-6. The medication half-life is around 24-48 hours with a duration of action being the same. There is a black box warning for suicidality with the greatest concern for children, adolescents and young adults. The risk does appear to decrease in adults >24 years of age and in the elderly >65 years of age. The medication should never be stopped without approval from the prescriber even when feeling well. Go to DrugCardsDaily.com for episode show notes which consist of the drug summary, quiz, and link to the drug card for FREE! Please SUBSCRIBE, FOLLOW, and RATE on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever your favorite place to listen to podcasts are. The main goal is to go over the Top 200 Drugs with the occasional drug of interest. Also, if you'd like to say hello, suggest a drug, or leave some feedback I'd really appreciate hearing from you! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or find me on twitter @drugcardsdaily --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Alprazolam, or brand name Xanax, comes as an immediate release, orally disintegrating, or extended release tablet; as well as coming as a concentrated solution. This hypnotic benzodiazepine is commonly used to treat generalized anxiety and panic disorders. There is also an off label indication for treating vertigo. Alprazolam's proposed effects comes from an increased inhibitory effect of GABA on neurons resulting in a less excitable state of hyperpolarization creating stabilization. Alprazolam is rapidly absorbed with a time to peak b/t 1-2 hours if an immediate release formulation is used or around 9 hours if an extended release formulation is used. The half-life elimination can be approximated between 11-21 hours based on age, dosage form, and if taken with or without food. There are several Black Box warnings which are at risk from concomitant opioid use, risks of addiction/abuse/misuse, and concerns over dependence and withdrawal reactions. Alprazolam can slow or stop breathing and should not be taken by those with breathing problems such as COPD or sleep apnea. Go to DrugCardsDaily.com for episode show notes which consist of the drug summary, quiz, and link to the drug card for FREE! Please SUBSCRIBE, FOLLOW, and RATE on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever your favorite place to listen to podcasts are. The main goal is to go over the Top 200 Drugs with the occasional drug of interest. Also, if you'd like to say hello, suggest a drug, or leave some feedback I'd really appreciate hearing from you! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or find me on twitter @drugcardsdaily --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Benazepril, also known as Lotensin, is an antihypertensive agent. It works by competitively inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. The onset of action is between 1-2 hours. When treating hypertension the treatment range is between 10-40 mg PO qd-bid. When first initiating, start at 10 mg PO qd with a max of 80 mg per day. There is black box warning for fetal toxicity. Common side effects are cough, fatigue, dizziness, hypotension, and hyperuricemia. Benazepril should be stopped ASAP if the patient is pregnant due to risks of fetal injury and fetal death. Sone monitoring parameters are blood pressure, BUN, Cr, electrolytes, and WBCs.After sitting down or lying down for a period of time, avoid getting up to fast to avoid orthostatic hypotension. Go to DrugCardsDaily.com for episode show notes which consist of the drug summary, quiz, and link to the drug card for FREE! Please SUBSCRIBE, FOLLOW, and RATE on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever your favorite place to listen to podcasts are. The main goal is to go over the Top 200 Drugs with the occasional drug of interest. Also, if you'd like to say hello, suggest a drug, or leave some feedback I'd really appreciate hearing from you! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or find me on twitter @drugcardsdaily --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Clonazepam is an anticonvulsant benzodiazepine also known as Klonopin. The main indications are for seizure disorder and panic disorder. There are many off label indications such as for anxiety, sleep terrors, sleepwalking, Tourette's syndrome, and RLS. The treatment range for seizure or panic disorders is between 0.5-5 mg PO bid-tid respectively. The mechanism of action is unknown but believed to be a result of GABA activity enhancement. The onset of action is between 20-40 minutes. The time to peak is between 1-4 hours. There are several black box warnings. The first is for the risk of concomitant opioid use; the next is for addiction, abuse, and misuse; and the last is for dependence & withdrawal reactions. Exercise extreme caution for activities that require coordination such as driving and operating machinery. Go to DrugCardsDaily.com for episode show notes which consist of the drug summary, quiz, and link to the drug card for FREE! Please SUBSCRIBE, FOLLOW, and RATE on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever your favorite place to listen to podcasts are. The main goal is to go over the Top 200 Drugs with the occasional drug of interest. Also, if you'd like to say hello, suggest a drug, or leave some feedback I'd really appreciate hearing from you! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or find me on twitter @drugcardsdaily --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Meloxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory non-opioid analgesic medication used to treat osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. A treatment range is often between 5-15 mg PO qd with a max of 15 mg/day. Meloxicam works through reversible COX1/COX2 enzyme inhibition decreasing thromboxane and prostaglandins leading to antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects. It is metabolized via the CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 pathways. The time to peak for tablets is around 4-5 hours with a half-life elimination of 13-22 hours. It should not be used during pregnancy and close to conception. Black Box Warning for cardiovascular thrombotic events and GI bleed/ulcerations/perforation. To avoid and minimize GI related issues take with food. Go to DrugCardsDaily.com for episode show notes which consist of the drug summary, quiz, and link to the drug card for FREE! Please SUBSCRIBE, FOLLOW, and RATE on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever your favorite place to listen to podcasts are. The main goal is to go over the Top 200 Drugs with the occasional drug of interest. Also, if you'd like to say hello, suggest a drug, or leave some feedback I'd really appreciate hearing from you! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or find me on twitter @drugcardsdaily --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Promethazine, also known as Phenergan and Promethegan, is a first generation H1 histamine antagonist. It comes as a solution, suppositories, syrup, and tablets. There are a wide variety of indications for adults and children 2 years of age and older such as for allergic conditions, motion sickness, and sedation. A typical dosing range is between 25-50 mg tid-qid if PO and 6.25-25 mg IM/IV tid-qid. The max dose is 100 mg/day. Promethazine works through strong alpha adrenergic inhibition from blockade of postsynaptic mesolimbic dopaminergic receptors in the brain. It is metabolized via the CYP2D6 and CYP2B6 pathways. The onset of action is around 20 minutes with the duration of action of around 4-6 hours with a max of 12 hours. Common side effects are drowsiness, dizziness, blurred vision, and confusion. Serious side effects are seizures and QT prolongation. There is a Black Box Warning for respiratory depression and gangrene/severe tissue injury. When taken orally, take with food, water, or milk to avoid GI distress. Go to DrugCardsDaily.com for episode show notes which consist of the drug summary, quiz, and link to the drug card for FREE! Please SUBSCRIBE, FOLLOW, and RATE on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever your favorite place to listen to podcasts are. The main goal is to go over the Top 200 Drugs with the occasional drug of interest. Also, if you'd like to say hello, suggest a drug, or leave some feedback I'd really appreciate hearing from you! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or find me on twitter @drugcardsdaily --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Quetiapine is also known by the brand name Seroquel. It comes as both an immediate release and extended release formulation. There are several indications such as for schizophrenia and various classifications of Bipolar disorder. It can also be used as adjunct treatment in major depressive disorder. The max dose for quetiapine is 800 mg/day. Doses are generally divided bid-tid. Quetiapine's antipsychotic activity is proposed to be a result of both dopamine type 2 (D2) and serotonin type 2 (5HT2) antagonism. There are many other antagonist effects on neurotransmitter receptors in the brain such as 5HT1A, 5HT2, D1, D2, H1, and adrenergic alpha1/alpha3 receptors. There is a black box warning for dementia related psychosis and suicidality. Common side effects are somnolence, weight gain, and constipation. Quetiapine should never be stopped abruptly after prolonged usage. Go to DrugCardsDaily.com for episode show notes which consist of the drug summary, quiz, and link to the drug card for FREE! Please SUBSCRIBE, FOLLOW, and RATE on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever your favorite place to listen to podcasts are. The main goal is to go over the Top 200 Drugs with the occasional drug of interest. Also, if you'd like to say hello, suggest a drug, or leave some feedback I'd really appreciate hearing from you! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or find me on twitter @drugcardsdaily --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Rosuvastatin is an antilipemic agent that works through the inhibition of the rate limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis (HMG CoA reductase). It is used in the management of dyslipidemia as well as having benefits in cardiovascular event prevention. The typical dosing range when treating dyslipidemia is between 5-40 mg PO qd. The max dose is 40 mg/day. Dose adjustments are made every 2-4 weeks after initiating between 10-20 mg PO qd. Some concerns are to avoid red yeast rice due to the similarity to the medication lovastatin, avoid use during pregnancy and breastfeeding, and dose at the lower end of the therapeutic range in Asian American patients due to higher levels being present which could lead to an increased risk for toxicity. The most common side effects are headache, abdominal pain, nausea, joint pain, and weakness. Go to DrugCardsDaily.com for episode show notes which consist of the drug summary, quiz, and link to the drug card for FREE! Please SUBSCRIBE, FOLLOW, and RATE on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever your favorite place to listen to podcasts are. The main goal is to go over the Top 200 Drugs with the occasional drug of interest. Also, if you'd like to say hello, suggest a drug, or leave some feedback I'd really appreciate hearing from you! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or find me on twitter @drugcardsdaily --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Oxycodone+acetaminophen (APAP) is an analgesic combination product also known as Percocet. When dosing for Percocet one should consider also prescribing naloxone if there is a possible risk of opioid overdose or accidental ingestion. It is also very important to note that the lowest effective dose at the shortest effect duration should be used. Dosing for Percocet is based on the oxycodone component but limited by the APAP component. A general dosing range is 2.5-10 mg oxycodone PO q6h prn. Do not exceed 1 gram of APAP in 4 hours and 4 grams of APAP in 24 hours. There are a large amount of black box warnings and it is highly suggested to review them all. Some of note are for addiction/abuse/misuse, respiratory depression, and hepatotoxicity. Patients that should not use this medication are those with severe asthma or similar breathing problems, stomach or intestine blockage, drug or alcohol addiction, or problems with urination/thyroid/pancreas/gallbladder. Go to DrugCardsDaily.com for episode show notes which consist of the drug summary, quiz, and link to the drug card for FREE! Please SUBSCRIBE, FOLLOW, and RATE on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever your favorite place to listen to podcasts are. The main goal is to go over the Top 200 Drugs with the occasional drug of interest. Also, if you'd like to say hello, suggest a drug, or leave some feedback I'd really appreciate hearing from you! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or find me on twitter @drugcardsdaily --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Furosemide is an antihypertensive loop diuretic drug. The main indications are for edema and hypertension with an off-label use for hypercalcemia. The general dosing range is between 40-120 mg per day with a max of 600 mg per day. The mechanism of action is it interferes with the chloride-binding co-transport system causing a natriuretic effect. It inhibits sodium and chloride resorption in the ascending Loop of Henle and the proximal and distal renal tubules. The onset of action for diuresis is around 30-60 minutes with symptomatic improvement of acute pulmonary edema occurs within 15-20 minutes. Caution should be observed in patients with electrolyte imbalances, the elderly, premature neonates, patients with gout, lupus, and diabetes. There is a black box warning for fluid and electrolyte loss if excessive amounts are used. When considering the drug interactions one should consider that furosemide is an OAT1 and OAT3 substrate, it may cause hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, ototoxicity, and others. Go to DrugCardsDaily.com for episode show notes which consist of the drug summary, quiz, and link to the drug card for FREE! Please SUBSCRIBE, FOLLOW, and RATE on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever your favorite place to listen to podcasts are. The main goal is to go over the Top 200 Drugs with the occasional drug of interest. Also, if you'd like to say hello, suggest a drug, or leave some feedback I'd really appreciate hearing from you! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or find me on twitter @drugcardsdaily --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Amlodipine is an antianginal antihypertensive agent also known as Norvasc. It is indicated for hypertension and various types of angina. In adults when treating hypertension the general dosing range is between 5-10 mg PO qd. When treating angina the general dosing range is also between 5-10 mg PO qd. Amlodipine is also indicated in pediatrics when treating hypertension. In patients between 1-5 years of age, dosing is initiated at 0.1-0.6 mg/kg/dose PO qd with a max of 5 mg/day. Between the ages of 6-17 years of age dosing is initiated at 2.5-5 mg PO qd with a max of 10 mg/day. Amlodipine should be used with caution in the elderly, patients with hepatic impairment, and patients with severe CAD. Common side effects are dizziness, fatigue, palpitations, lightheartedness, swelling ankles/feet, and flushing. If experiencing orthostatic hypotension get up slowly if getting up from a sitting or lying down position. Go to DrugCardsDaily.com for episode show notes which consist of the drug summary, quiz, and link to the drug card for FREE! Please SUBSCRIBE, FOLLOW, and RATE on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever your favorite place to listen to podcasts are. The main goal is to go over the Top 200 Drugs with the occasional drug of interest. Also, if you'd like to say hello, suggest a drug, or leave some feedback I'd really appreciate hearing from you! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or find me on twitter @drugcardsdaily --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Duloxetine is used in a wide variety of indications. It can be used in treating fibromyalgia, chronic musculoskeletal pain, and neuropathic pain due to diabetes mellitus. It is also used in treating mood disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder and major unipolar depressive disorder. The general dosing range for duloxetine is 30-60 mg PO qd. Although the max dose is 120 mg per day, therapeutic benefits do not appear evident past 60 mg per day. Duloxetine works through strong inhibition of neuronal serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake along with weak inhibition of dopamine reuptake. There is reduced bioavailability in patients who smoke cigarettes with a 33% reduction of bioavailability. When discontinuing therapy duloxetine should be titrated down over 2-4 weeks. There is a black box warning for suicidality and risks vs benefits should be weighted when being used in children and adolescents. When taking duloxetine capsules should be taken whole and should not be opened. Go to DrugCardsDaily.com for my episode show notes which will contain a drug summary, quiz, and a link to FREE drug card sheets. SUBSCRIBE on Spotify or Apple Podcasts or search for us on your favorite place to listen to podcasts. I will go over the Top 100-200 Drugs as well as throwing in some recently released drugs that peak my interest. Also, if you'd like to say hello, suggest a drug, or leave any constructive feedback on the show I'd really appreciate it! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or message us through twitter @drugcardsdaily --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Simvastatin is used to slow the progress of heart disease as well as lowering cholesterol in patients. It is also known by the brand name of Zocor. Simvastatin works by affecting the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis. It is a competitive inhibitor of the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme. There are also other benefits such as reducing inflammation and coronary plaque sites, inhibiting platelet aggregation, as well as having an anticoagulant effect. Simvastatin is contraindicated in pregnancy and should be stopped immediately if pregnancy is suspected. Some serious side effects to be aware of are rhabdomyolysis; muscle pain, tenderness, and weakness, and dark urine. Common monitoring parameters for patients on simvastatin are lipid panels, pregnancy, hepatic transaminase levels, and CPK. In order to get the best benefit from simvastatin it is recommended to be taken in the evening. Go to DrugCardsDaily.com for my episode show notes which will contain a drug summary, quiz, and a link to FREE drug card sheets. SUBSCRIBE on Spotify or Apple Podcasts or search for us on your favorite place to listen to podcasts. I will go over the Top 100-200 Drugs as well as throwing in some recently released drugs that peak my interest. Also, if you'd like to say hello, suggest a drug, or leave any constructive feedback on the show I'd really appreciate it! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or message us through twitter @drugcardsdaily --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Esomeprazole is available over the counter and by prescription. The commonly known brand name is Nexium. Esomeprazole is a substituted benzimidazole proton pump inhibitor (PPI). It comes in a delayed release capsule and as delayed release granule packets. When treating GERD and other hypersecretory conditions a typical dosing range is between 20-40 mg po qd-bid. Esomeprazole is also used as part of a multi-drug regimen for treating H. pylori infection. The mechanism of action behind esomeprazole is through the suppression of acid secretion by inhibiting hydrogen-potassium ATPase. Esomeprazole is the S-enantiomer of omeprazole (Prilosec). Since esomeprazole affects stomach acid it may alter how well other drugs work. For example, absorption of drugs may decrease which may lead to a decrease in efficacy of those drugs. Esomeprazole is best when taken 1 hour before a meal and best if taken before the first meal of the day. If needed, the capsule can be opened. Go to DrugCardsDaily.com for my episode show notes which will contain a drug summary, quiz, and a link to FREE drug card sheets. SUBSCRIBE on Spotify or Apple Podcasts or search for us on your favorite place to listen to podcasts. I will go over the Top 100-200 Drugs as well as throwing in some recently released drugs that peak my interest. Also, if you'd like to say hello, suggest a drug, or leave any constructive feedback on the show I'd really appreciate it! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or message us through twitter @drugcardsdaily --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Gabapentin has a wide variety of uses but the main indications are for focal seizures in adults and children and for postherpatic neuralgia in adults. There are many commonly used off label indications such as for neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, and alcohol dependence. Max dosing for gabapentin is around 3600 mg/day. Although the exact mechanism of action is unknown, it is clear that it is similar in chemical structure to GABA. This is important because GABA is responsible for modulating excitatory neurotransmitter release. Gabapentin is poorly protein bound at less than 3% and not metabolized. When discontinuing longer term therapies, doses should be tapered down over at least 7 days. Some of the most common side effects are dizziness, fatigue, and weight gain. The serious side effects are depression, suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and withdrawal related seizures. Go to DrugCardsDaily.com for my episode show notes which will contain a drug summary, quiz, and a link to FREE drug card sheets. SUBSCRIBE on Spotify or Apple Podcasts or search for us on your favorite place to listen to podcasts. I will go over the Top 100-200 Drugs as well as throwing in some recently released drugs that peak my interest. Also, if you'd like to say hello, suggest a drug, or leave any constructive feedback on the show I'd really appreciate it! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or message us through twitter @drugcardsdaily --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used to treat many bacterial infections. Some common uses are for Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP), Group A Strep, Acute Exacerbations of COPD, STDs, among other bacterial infections. One of the most commonly known dosing regimens is 500 mg on day one, then 250 mg on days 2-5. When using the reconstituted suspension it must be refrigerated once reconstituted it must be discarded after 10 days. Azithromycin works through the inhibition of RNA-dependent protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. By blocking transpeptidation this inhibits the chain elongation step of protein synthesis. Azithromycin distributes well into most tissues and fluids with the exception of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Protein binding is concentration dependent varying from 7-51%. Azithromycin can be taken with or without food but food may decrease any GI distress. Go to DrugCardsDaily.com for my episode show notes which will contain a drug summary, quiz, and a link to FREE drug card sheets. SUBSCRIBE on Spotify or Apple Podcasts or search for us on your favorite place to listen to podcasts. I will go over the Top 100-200 Drugs as well as throwing in some recently released drugs that peak my interest. Also, if you'd like to say hello, suggest a drug, or leave any constructive feedback on the show I'd really appreciate it! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or message us through twitter @drugcardsdaily --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

There are two commonly used forms of potassium. Potassium chloride (to treat hypokalemia) and potassium citrate (as an alkalinizing agent). Unlike potassium chloride, potassium citrate is also measured in “mg” in addition to “mEq”. It comes in a 5 mEq (540 mg), 10 mEq (1080 mg), and 15 mEq (1620 mg) strength ER tablet. The main indication for potassium citrate in in the management of kidney stones. In mild-moderate treatment you initiate 15 mEq PO bid or 10 mEq PO tid with a max dose of 100 mEq per day. Since potassium citrate is an alkalinizing agent the way it works is it makes urine less acidic. It raises the pH of urine to 6-7 which will help rid uric acid from the body. The reduction of uric acid helps manage gout and kidney stones. Since potassium citrate is a known GI irritant it is recommended to take the tablets whole with a glass of water to remain upright after taking it with food or at least within 30 minutes of a meal or snack. Go to DrugCardsDaily.com for my episode show notes which will contain a drug summary, quiz, and a link to FREE drug card sheets. SUBSCRIBE on Spotify or Apple Podcasts or search for us on your favorite place to listen to podcasts. I will go over the Top 100-200 Drugs as well as throwing in some recently released drugs that peak my interest. Also, if you'd like to say hello, suggest a drug, or leave any constructive feedback on the show I'd really appreciate it! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or message us through twitter @drugcardsdaily --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

There are two most commonly used versions of potassium. Potassium chloride (supplementation) or potassium citrate (alkalinizing agent). Potassium chloride, also known as K-Tab or Klor-Con, is an electrolyte supplementation used in treating and preventing Hypokalemia (low potassium). Potassium is an essential cation that is needed for the conduction of nerve impulses in the heart, brain, and muscle. Unlike most drugs, potassium is not measured in “mg'' and is measured in “mEq” or milliequivalents. Potassium chloride comes in multiple dosage forms such as an ER capsule and tablet, a powdered packet, oral solution, and also as an intravenous solution. When the IV solution is used a major concern is for extravasation, which is when plasma escapes from the extracellular space and forms blisters on the patient. If this occurs the drug hyaluronidase is injected as 5 separate 0.2-0.3 mL injections along with applying a cold compress and elevating the extremity. Another important note for the IV solution is that it is never administered as IV push and the solution must be diluted prior to administration. Go to DrugCardsDaily.com for my episode show notes which will contain a drug summary, quiz, and a link to FREE drug card sheets. SUBSCRIBE on Spotify or Apple Podcasts or search for us on your favorite place to listen to podcasts. I will go over the Top 100-200 Drugs as well as throwing in some recently released drugs that peak my interest. Also, if you'd like to say hello, suggest a drug, or leave any constructive feedback on the show I'd really appreciate it! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or message us through twitter @drugcardsdaily --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Valsartan, also known as Diovan, is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB). It is used for treating NYHA class II to IV heart failure along with both treating and managing hypertension. Another common indication is for both STEMI and NSTEMI patients. Typical initiation dosing for heart failure, STEMI and NSTEMI is 20 mg twice daily with titrations up to 160 mg twice daily. When initiating treatment for hypertension the range begins at 80-160 mg po every day up to a max dose of 320 mg per day. Valsartan works by blocking AT2 from the AT1 receptor and is considered to be more efficient than ACEs along with having less side effects such a cough. Some common side effects are orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, and lightheadedness. Common monitoring parameters for valsartan are blood pressure, blood pressure urea, pregnancy, and electrolytes. Patients should avoid salt substitutes containing potassium. There is a black box warning for fetal toxicity because drugs that affect the renin-angiotensin system can cause injury/death to the fetus. Go to DrugCardsDaily.com for my episode show notes which will contain a drug summary, quiz, and a link to FREE drug card sheets. SUBSCRIBE on Spotify or Apple Podcasts or search for us on your favorite place to listen to podcasts. I will go over the Top 100-200 Drugs as well as throwing in some recently released drugs that peak my interest. Also, if you'd like to say hello, suggest a drug, or leave any constructive feedback on the show I'd really appreciate it! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or message us through twitter @drugcardsdaily --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Tramadol can be used to treat and manage moderate to severe acute and chronic pain. It is also known as Ultram. An off label use is for Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS). When treating acute or chronic pain initiate 25-50 mg every 4-6 hours as needed with a max dosing range of 50-100 mg every 4-6 hours. The max dose per day is 400 mg. Tramadol acts on the mu-opioid receptor by blocking the ascending pain pathway. It alters the pain response and perception along with blocking reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine. Tramadol is extensively metabolized hepatically via the CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 pathway creating the metabolite M1. There is concern in children that are ultra-rapid metabolizers of CYP2D6 and use should be avoided in children. There are numerous black box warnings such as for addiction/abuse/misuse, risk of medication errors, accidental ingestion, and contaminant use w/ benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants. Monitor patients for level of pain relief and EKG and HR in patients with a family history of heart conditions. Go to DrugCardsDaily.com for my episode show notes which will contain a drug summary, quiz, and a link to FREE drug card sheets. SUBSCRIBE on Spotify or Apple Podcasts or search for us on your favorite place to listen to podcasts. I will go over the Top 100-200 Drugs as well as throwing in some recently released drugs that peak my interest. Also, if you'd like to say hello, suggest a drug, or leave any constructive feedback on the show I'd really appreciate it! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or message us through twitter @drugcardsdaily --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Sertraline, also known by the brand game Zoloft, is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) that is commonly associated with being an antidepressant. There are many indications for sertraline being for depression, OCD, panic disorder, PTSD, PMDD, and anxiety. Although the manufacturer established a max daily dose of 200 mg/day higher doses from 250-400 mg/day have proven beneficial in clinical practice. Sertraline is not to be used during or within 14 days of a MAOI. Common side effects are nausea, dizziness, dry mouth, sweating, diarrhea, upset stomach, and trouble sleeping. There is a black box warning for Suicidality and antidepressant drugs but that increased risk has been seen in patients under the age of 24. Regardless it is important to monitor a patient for clinical worsening of symptoms and for the emergence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Go to DrugCardsDaily.com for my episode show notes which will contain a drug summary, quiz, and a link to FREE drug card sheets. SUBSCRIBE on Spotify or Apple Podcasts or search for us on your favorite place to listen to podcasts. I will go over the Top 100-200 Drugs as well as throwing in some recently released drugs that peak my interest. Also, if you'd like to say hello, suggest a drug, or leave any constructive feedback on the show I'd really appreciate it! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or message us through twitter @drugcardsdaily --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that comes in both a tablet and solution. The tablet comes in a 10 mg and 20 mg strength and the solution comes in a 10 mg/5 mL concentration. Tamoxifen, also known as the brand name Femara, when used in reducing the risk of Breast Cancer in high risk females the dosing is 20 mg once daily for 5 years. When used in treating Breast Cancer the dosing does vary at 20-40 mg once daily. When 40 mg is needed per day the daily dose is divided into separate doses. When tamoxifen is metabolized via the CYP2D6 and CYP3A4/5 pathways the metabolites are 30-100 times more potent than tamoxifen itself. There is a black box warning for Uterine Malignancies and Thromboembolic Events. The monitoring parameters are bone mineral density, lipid panel, CBC with platelets, ophthalmic exam, and for medication adherence. The medication can be taken with or without food. Go to DrugCardsDaily.com for my episode show notes which will contain a drug summary, quiz, and a link to FREE drug card sheets. SUBSCRIBE on Spotify or Apple Podcasts or search for us on your favorite place to listen to podcasts. I will go over the Top 100-200 Drugs as well as throwing in some recently released drugs that peak my interest. Also, if you'd like to say hello, suggest a drug, or leave any constructive feedback on the show I'd really appreciate it! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or message us through twitter @drugcardsdaily --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Letrozole is an aromatase inhibitor that acts as an antineoplastic agent. The brand name for letrozole is Femara. The main indication is for hormone receptor positive breast cancer in women after menopause. If treating early breast cancer letrozole is used after a 5 year course of tamoxifen. If treating advanced breast cancer letrozole follows antiestrogen therapy. There are many off label uses of letrozole such as the many variations of breast cancer along with treating infertility due to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) through ovulation stimulation. Dosing is straight forward at 2.5 mg po qd with for 5 years (in early breast cancer treatment) or 2.5-7.5 mg po qd for 5 days starting on day 3, 4, or 5 following menses or progestin induced bleed. A patient consideration of note is a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) has been seen 2 years after usage in patients using letrozole compared to patients not on letrozole. The most common side effects seen are hot flashes, headache, hypercholesterolemia, and weight gain. Common monitoring parameters are BMD, pregnancy, cholesterol, and adherence. Go to DrugCardsDaily.com for my episode show notes which will contain a drug summary, quiz, and a link to FREE drug card sheets. SUBSCRIBE on Spotify or Apple Podcasts or search for us on your favorite place to listen to podcasts. I will go over the Top 100-200 Drugs as well as throwing in some recently released drugs that peak my interest. Also, if you'd like to say hello, suggest a drug, or leave any constructive feedback on the show I'd really appreciate it! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or message us through twitter @drugcardsdaily --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Loratadine is available over the counter and by prescription. Over the counter the most commonly known brand name is Claritin. Loratadine is a second generation antihistamine that works by antagonizing the H1 receptor. The main indications are for allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and urticaria. There are many different dosage forms available from capsule, solution, syrup, tablet, chewable tablet, and disintegrating tablet. When dosing for adults the most common dosing is 10 mg po qd or 5 mg po bid with a max of 10 mg per day. For children 2-6 the chewable tablet or liquid is generally the preferred dosage form and dosed at 5 mg po qd (or 5 mL po qd if solution or syrup). When searching for an antihistamine safe during pregnancy second generation antihistamines are generally considered safe and preferred at the lowest effect dose. Limited side effects but sedation and drowsiness can occur. Go to DrugCardsDaily.com for my episode show notes which will contain a drug summary, quiz, and a link to FREE drug card sheets. SUBSCRIBE on Spotify or Apple Podcasts or search for us on your favorite place to listen to podcasts. I will go over the Top 100-200 Drugs as well as throwing in some recently released drugs that peak my interest. Also, if you'd like to say hello, suggest a drug, or leave any constructive feedback on the show I'd really appreciate it! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or message us through twitter @drugcardsdaily --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Dicyclomine is an antispasmodic anticholinergic agent that is used to treat stomach and intestinal cramping that is often associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The brand name is Bentyl. There are various dosage forms such as oral and intramuscular solutions but the most commonly used are capsules. The capsules come in a 10 and 20 mg strength. When dosing to treat the abdominal pain associated with IBS, initiate 20 mg po qid for 2 weeks or less. Longer durations of treatment have not proven any additional benefits to the patient. Dicylomine works by blocking acetylcholine at parasympathetic sites such as the smooth muscle and secretory glands in the central nervous system. This drug is not recommended for children under 6 months old and in the geriatric population due to the risk of serious side effects. The two most common side effects are dizziness and xerostomia (dry mouth). If using antacids, separate usage between the two by using dicyclomine before meals and the antacid after meals. Go to DrugCardsDaily.com for my episode show notes which will contain a drug summary, quiz, and a link to FREE drug card sheets. SUBSCRIBE on Spotify or Apple Podcasts or search for us on your favorite place to listen to podcasts. I will go over the Top 100-200 Drugs as well as throwing in some recently released drugs that peak my interest. Also, if you'd like to say hello, suggest a drug, or leave any constructive feedback on the show I'd really appreciate it! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or message us through twitter @drugcardsdaily --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Ibuprofen is a very well known medication available over the counter (OTC) and by prescription (Rx). The most common brand names are Advil and Motrin. Ibuprofen is a Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) that is often used for it's non-opioid analgesic effect as well as it's antipyretic effect. The OTC product comes in a wide variety of dosage forms but generally limited to a 200 mg strength. Strengths higher than that are Rx only. When treating pain in adults a common dosing regimen is 200-800 mg po 3-4 times daily (q6-8h) with the max daily dose at 3200 mg per day. When treating pain and fever in children there are weight/age/dose charts but the common rule of thumb is 4-10 mg/kg/dose po q6-7h with a max daily dose of 4 doses per day. Most common side effects are GI bleeding, stomach upset, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation. Taking the medication with food will help avoid stomach upset and GI distress caused to the patient. Go to DrugCardsDaily.com for my episode show notes which will contain a drug summary, quiz, and a link to FREE drug card sheets. SUBSCRIBE on Spotify or Apple Podcasts or search for us on your favorite place to listen to podcasts. I will go over the Top 100-200 Drugs as well as throwing in some recently released drugs that peak my interest. Also, if you'd like to say hello, suggest a drug, or leave any constructive feedback on the show I'd really appreciate it! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or message us through twitter @drugcardsdaily --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Carisoprodol is a skeletal muscle relaxant that is most commonly known as the brand name Soma. The lesser known brand name is Vanadom. This drug has benefits in treating discomfort experienced from acute painful skeletal muscle conditions over a 2-3 week duration of therapy. The benefits beyond a short term duration (2-3 weeks) has not been proven. There are two strengths in a tablet form being 250 mg and 350 mg. The medication is dose qid with tid in addition to at bedtime. Carisoprodol forms the metabolite meprobamate which has anxiolytic and sedative effects. Since CYP2C19 function is crucial to the metabolism to meprobamate it is important to be aware of drugs that may affect CYP2C19 function along with other factors such as race and gender. Asian and African Americans are of note since there is higher prevalence of poor CYP2C19 metabolizer function. Also females generally have a higher exposure to carisoprodol but not to the metabolized form of meprobamate. When monitoring patients it is important to be aware of signs of misuse and abuse along with assessing their mental status along with their level or relief regarding pain and muscle spasms. Go to DrugCardsDaily.com for my episode show notes which will contain a drug summary, quiz, and a link to FREE drug card sheets. SUBSCRIBE on Spotify or Apple Podcasts or search for us on your favorite place to listen to podcasts. I will go over the Top 100-200 Drugs as well as throwing in some recently released drugs that peak my interest. Also, if you'd like to say hello, suggest a drug, or leave any constructive feedback on the show I'd really appreciate it! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or message us through twitter @drugcardsdaily --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Aimovig is currently the brand-only drug for erenumab. Erenumab is used in the prevention of migraines in adults. The drug comes as a 70 mg/mL or 140 mg/mL subcutaneous autoinjector that is used for one dose every month. Aimovig is considered various things being called a calcitonin gene-related (CGRP) receptor antagonist or CGRP inhibitor, a monoclonal antibody, and an antimigraine agent. Erenuman blocks the CGRP receptor which decreases the CGRP protein which is known as the cause for intense inflammation in the meninges and nerve endings in the brain. Although there are not any direct drug interactions of note, patients should be aware of injection site reactions such as pain, redness, and swelling. The main side effects of note are constipation and increased blood pressure. Increasing blood pressure is particularly of note due to disease related concerns in patients with cardiovascular disease. When monitoring patients it is appropriate to check blood pressure regularly along with the number of migraine days they experience. There are particular storage requirements for Aimovig and once opened from original container it can be stored in room temperature but should be discarded after 7 days. Go to DrugCardsDaily.com to find past FREE PDFs of the drug card sheets that were used for the show. SUBSCRIBE on Spotify or Apple Podcasts or search for us on your favorite place to listen to podcasts. I plan to continue going over the Top 100-200 Drugs as well as occasionally throwing in one of the newly released drugs that peak my interest. Also, if you'd like to say hello, suggest a drug, or leave any constructive feedback on the show thus far I'd really appreciate it! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or message us through twitter @drugcardsdaily --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Trazodone is an antidepressant that also is commonly used for insomnia (off-label). When treating MDD in adults the immediate release tablet is initiated at 50 mg twice daily and incrementally increased every 3-7 days to a typical dose range between 200-400 mg/day. If used for treating MDD and if the sedative effect is not desired it is recommended to have a smaller daytime dose and a larger bedtime dose. When treating insomnia dosing is initiated at 50-100 mg at bedtime. Most common side effects are sedation, dizziness, and low blood pressure. Serotonin syndrome is a concern so watch for symptoms such as agitation, hallucinations, coordination problems, fast heartbeat, sweating, fever, n/v/d, and tight muscles. Trazodone has a Black Box Warning for Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors so patients should be monitored for clinical worsening and the emergence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Go to DrugCardsDaily.com to find past FREE PDFs of the drug card sheets that were used for the show. SUBSCRIBE on Spotify or Apple Podcasts or search for us on your favorite place to listen to podcasts. I plan to continue going over the Top 100-200 Drugs as well as occasionally throwing in one of the newly released drugs that peak my interest. Also, if you'd like to say hello, suggest a drug, or leave any constructive feedback on the show thus far I'd really appreciate it! Leave a message on my hosting site HERE. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

Esketamine is a REMS program drug that is currently brand only known as Spravato. It is a Non-Selective Non-Competitive NMDA Receptor Antagonist and typically administered in a healthcare setting that is enrolled in the REMS program. Spravato is used along with an antidepressant when treating patients with treatment-resistant depression or a major depressive disorder with acute suicidal ideation and behavior. It is not recommended for pediatric use and the efficacy in reducing and preventing suicide or suicidal behavior has not been proven. Spravato comes in a nasal spray in a 56 mg and 84 mg strength. In addition to the more common CYP pathways, Spravato is primarily metabolized via the CYP2B6 pathway. Esketamine is the S-enantiomer of racemic ketamine. Spravto should be administered by the patient under the supervision of a healthcare provider. Go to DrugCardsDaily.com to find past FREE PDFs of the drug card sheets that were used for the show. SUBSCRIBE on Spotify or Apple Podcasts or search for us on your favorite place to listen to podcasts. I plan to continue going over the Top 100-200 Drugs as well as occasionally throwing in one of the newly released drugs that peak my interest. Also, if you'd like to say hello, suggest a drug, or leave any constructive feedback on the show thus far I'd really appreciate it! Leave a message on my hosting site HERE. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message