Podcasts about rls

Als Donald Trump erneut gewählt wurde, postete die Ökonomin Isabella Weber auf X (ehemals Twitter): "Can we now finally have a serious conversation about an anti-fascist economics?". Dieser Post ging viral. Während Weber erst im Oktober bei Suhrkamp ihr Buch zur antifaschistischen Wirtschaftspolitik vorlegt, sind bereits diverse Artikel zum Thema erschienen. Unter anderem auch der Gesprächsband "der verdrängte Kapitalismus" aus dem Hause Dietz. Anlass für diese Folge des Arbeitswelt-Podcast war das Interview von Sabine mit Antonella Muzzupappa, die ihre Kritik an der antifaschistischen Wirtschaftspolitik vorstellt.

All songs in this episode are poems by Robert Louis Stevenson set to traditional tunes: “A Song of the Road” with Over the Hills and Far Away “The Spaewife” with unnamed tune collected by George St. J. Bremner “Wandering Willie” with Here Awa' There Awa' and Bonnie Dundee “Over the Sea to Skye” with the Skye Boat Song ======= Thanks to J.F.M. Russell, who has made his research into the music of Robert Louis Stevenson available on his website, https://sites.google.com/a/music-of-robert-louis-stevenson.org/introduction/home You can find many tantalizing tidbits about RLS' music manuscripts and stories about his writings. The index on his site will guide you to more information about the poems and songs I selected. ====== Thanks to Jeremy Kingsbury for inviting me to guest host this episode, and for the many words of advice and encouragement in the process of recording and editing it. Thanks to my son Ethan for his assistance and expert advice on mixing and mastering this episode. ====== A Song of the Road You can hear much more about the Over the Hills and Far Away tune in Wetootwaag's Bagpipe and History Podcast, Season 7 Episode 10: https://www.wetootwaag.com/s7e10 I didn't mention it in the episode, but one of my favorite sung settings of this song is arranged by Sean Dagher on La Nef's Sea Songs & Shanties album: (a great collection of sea shanty arrangements!) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vd69tvWD0xI&list=RDvd69tvWD0xI&start_radio=1 ====== The Spaewife Bremner's (unnamed) tune from a note with transcription by Fannie, Robert's wife, in her preface to Underwoods, A Child's Garden of Verses & Underwoods, Ballads, which is from the Works of Robert Louis Stevenson, Vailima Edition Volume VIII ====== Wandering Willie Original tune that Burns used for his Here Awa' There Awa', from a book RLS had in his library, The Songs of Scotland Without Words: https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_songs_of_Scotland_without_words_for/pGhBAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA19&printsec=frontcover&dq=wandering From (another book RLS had in his library) Gems of Scottish Song: (this is an adaptation of the tune that Burns used for his Bonnie Dundee) Page 1 and Page 2 RLS sketched a tune for Wandering Willie in his manuscripts, and based it on this Bonnie Dundee version, and likely altered it further in the second part. ====== Over the Sea to Skye Please see Mr. Russell's page about this song, which includes two examples of the song notated in Stevenson's hand. https://sites.google.com/a/music-of-robert-louis-stevenson.org/over-the-sea-to-skye/ And this note with transcription by Fannie, Robert's wife, in her preface to Underwoods, which is again from the Works of Robert Louis Stevenson, Vailima Edition Volume VIII https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Works_of_Robert_Louis_Stevenson/t2Q4AAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=spae%20wife%20brenmer&pg=PA89&printsec=frontcover ====== The Peter Pauper Press music journal is what I have been using for a few years to write down tunes as I'm learning them, or compose new ones, along with descriptions and other thoughts: https://www.peterpauper.com/products/music-journal My bellows-blown scottish smallpipes were made by Nate Banton https://natebanton.com/ My C chanter was made by Robert Felsburg https://www.thequietpiper.com/ My low D whistle and C whistle were made by Rob Gandara https://carbony.com/ +X+X+X+X+ FIN Here are some ways you can support the show: You can support the Podcast by joining the Patreon page at https://www.patreon.com/wetootwaag You can also take a minute to leave a review of the podcast if you listen on Itunes! Tell your piping and history friends about the podcast! Checkout my Merch Store on Bagpipeswag: https://www.bagpipeswag.com/wetootwaag You can also support me by Buying my Albums on Bandcamp: https://jeremykingsbury.bandcamp.com/ You can now buy physical CDs of my albums using this Kunaki link: https://kunaki.com/msales.asp?PublisherId=166528&pp=1 You can just send me an email at wetootwaag@gmail.com letting me know what you thought of the episode! Listener mail keeps me going! Finally I have some other support options here: https://www.wetootwaag.com/support Thanks! Listen on Itunes/Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/wetootwaags-bagpipe-and-history-podcast/id129776677 Listen on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5QxzqrSm0pu6v8y8pLsv5j?si=QLiG0L1pT1eu7B5_FDmgGA

Das Restless-Legs-Syndrom (RLS) stellt Ärzt:innen im klinischen Alltag regelmäßig vor diagnostische und therapeutische Herausforderungen. In dieser Podcast-Folge beleuchten wir die wichtigsten Aspekte von der Diagnosestellung über differenzialdiagnostische Überlegungen bis hin zu aktuellen Behandlungsstrategien. Freuen Sie sich auf eine kompakte, praxisnahe Diskussion mit konkreten Tipps für den Umgang mit RLS in der täglichen Versorgung.Unsere Expertin Frau OA Dr. Ambra Stefani, PhD, stv. Leiterin des Zentrums für Schlafmedizin an der Medizinischen Universität Innsbruck wurde interviewt von MR Dr. Christian Bsteh, Neurologe in Salzburg und Bundesfachgruppenobmann Neurologie.

Sherwood Callaway is the founder of Sazabi (YC P26), the AI-native observability platform built for engineering teams who ship fast. He previously founded and exited a YC company — now he's back, betting that logs are all you need to replace Datadog.Logs Are All You Need: Rethinking Observability with AI Agents // MLOps Podcast #381 with Sherwood Callaway, the Founder of Sazabi

Take the 2026 AI Engineering Survey and get >$2k in credits and AIE WF tickets!On the product side, everyone is getting Computer - Perplexity, Manus, Cursor, and so on. Meanwhile on the research side, agentic evals like TerminalBench and GDPVal are also assuming computer (Harbor). On both ends, the consolidating LLM OS stack has become a standard toolkit, and Daytona is one of a small set of AI Infra companies that are booming because of it.“The end of localhost” has been Ivan Burazin's obsession for more than a decade.Something that is all too familiar…Long before agents became the default way people talked about software development, Ivan was already chasing the idea that development should not depend on a fragile local machine. CodeAnywhere, one of the first browser-based IDEs, was an early attempt at that future: move the development environment into the cloud, make setup reproducible, and free developers from the endless “works on my machine” tax.The thesis was directionally right, but the market wasn't ready yet.However, agents changed that. They do not care about a laptop, desk setup, or favorite editor. They need a computer they can access through an API: something stateful enough to keep working, fast enough to spin up instantly, flexible enough to resize, isolated enough to be safe, and composable enough to run the messy real-world workflows that real software engineering actually requires.Daytona isn't just selling “sandboxes” in the narrow code-execution sense. It is the latest version of Ivan's original localhost thesis.In this episode, Daytona's CEO joins swyx to explain why AI agents need more than code execution boxes: they need composable computers, stateful sandboxes, instant startup, dynamic resources, and infrastructure that can survive workloads going from zero to 100,000 CPUs.We go deep on the new agent compute market: Daytona's hard pivot from human dev environments to AI sandboxes, the New Year's Eve MVP that customers begged for, why Daytona runs on bare metal with its own scheduler, how one customer runs almost 850,000 sandboxes a day, and why RL/eval workloads went from 0% to roughly 50% of usage in just months. Ivan also explains why agents need Windows and macOS machines, why CLI may matter more than MCP, why Kubernetes is painful for this workload, and why the future AI cloud may look more like Stripe than AWS.We discuss:* How Daytona grew out of CodeAnywhere, Shift, and the “end of localhost” thesis* Why Daytona pivoted from human dev environments to AI sandboxes* Why agents need composable computers instead of disposable code execution boxes* The New Year's Eve MVP that customers chased API keys for* Why Daytona chose bare metal, stateful snapshots, and its own scheduler* How Daytona spins up one sandbox in ~60ms and 50,000 sandboxes in ~75 seconds* Why Daytona's biggest customer runs ~850,000 sandboxes a day* How RL/eval workloads create zero-to-100,000 CPU spikes* Why RL workloads went from 0% to roughly 50% of Daytona usage* Why customers compare Daytona against EKS/GKS and say they're “never going back”* Why every AI agent may need a computer, including Windows and macOS environments* The Apple licensing constraints that make macOS sandboxes hard* Why CLI gives agents more power than MCP* How open source helps agents integrate Daytona* Why agent-generated PRs may break today's CI/CD assumptions* Why AI SaaS companies reselling tokens may face a cold shower* Why the AI cloud may look more like Stripe than AWSIvan Burazin* LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ivanburazin* X: https://x.com/ivanburazinDaytona* Website: https://www.daytona.io* X: https://x.com/daytonaioTimestamps* 00:00:00 Hook* 00:01:12 Introduction* 00:03:15 CodeAnywhere, Shift, and the end of localhost* 00:05:58 What Daytona is: composable computers for AI agents* 00:08:07 The pivot from dev environments to AI sandboxes* 00:10:17 The New Year's Eve MVP and customers begging for API keys* 00:12:56 Bare metal, stateful sandboxes, and Daytona's scheduler* 00:17:28 60ms startup, 50,000 sandboxes, and 850K daily runs* 00:21:53 Spiky RL/eval workloads and the new agent infra problem* 00:28:12 RL workloads, Kubernetes pain, and dynamic resizing* 00:33:31 Why every AI agent needs a computer* 00:38:48 macOS sandboxes and Apple's licensing problem* 00:44:28 Why CLI may matter more than MCP* 00:48:11 Open source, GitHub stars, and agent integration* 00:53:11 Git, CI/CD, and agent collaboration bottlenecks* 00:58:15 Founder life and building a 25-person infra company* 01:02:44 AI SaaS, token resale, and API-first business models* 01:06:10 GPU sandboxes, data centers, and compute growth* 01:09:48 Why the AI cloud may look more like Stripe than AWS* 01:11:26 Closing thoughtsTranscriptIntroduction: Daytona, CodeAnywhere, and the End of LocalhostSwyx [00:00:02]: Okay, we're in the studio with Ivan Burazin, CEO of Daytona. Welcome.Ivan [00:00:07]: Thanks for having me, man.Swyx [00:00:08]: Ivan, you and I go back.Ivan [00:00:10]: Way back.Swyx [00:00:11]: How I don't even know how, you found, did you reach out or, for Shift.Ivan [00:00:17]: I reached out to you. The reason was you - we were just - we were thinking about I was one of the co-founders of CodeAnywhere, the first browser-based IDE, and so we were thinking a long time of, localhost should die. And you had this article.Swyx [00:00:29]: End of localhost.Ivan [00:00:30]: Then I reached out to you because of that, and then we talked, and I was actually at a different job and learning about I was the head of, developer experience, and you were quite well-versed in that, and I actually reached out to you, among other people, how do we go about that? What are the key things and whatnot at this point in time? And you were nice enough to take the call, and I remember I was late on your call with you.Swyx [00:00:51]: I don't remember.Ivan [00:00:52]: I remember because I was with my then I'm thinking of a girlfriend or wife at that point in time, I'm not sure. It's the same person, so that's great, and I was late ‘cause we were, in, Italy on, vacation, and then I was late for something. I felt so bad, and you were so nice to be, good about.Swyx [00:01:10]: The reason I'm nice is because I'm also late to other people, so it's like, who's, who's without sin here, yeah, so I have to, for those who don't know, InfoBip Shift, there's this whole thing that, you did in the past, and, and that was basically one of the inspirations for me starting AI Engineer, which is like, I have to thank you for giving me that push to be like, “Oh, you can, you can build and sell conferences?”Ivan [00:01:34]: I remember you asked you asked me at the beginning to give me advisory shares, and I was so focused on what we were doing, I said no, and I should've took the advisory shares. So I'm sorry, dude. But anyway.Swyx [00:01:43]: We're not, we're not venture backed.Ivan [00:01:44]: No, it doesn't matter.Swyx [00:01:45]: It's Yeah, anyway, so I think what's impressive about you is that CodeAnywhere is the thing that you've been trying to build, and, you kind of put it on hold and then came back after InfoBip. Just give us the story, do you - the story and the origin story, going into Daytona.From CodeAnywhere and Shift to DaytonaIvan [00:02:05]: Sure. Like, really way back, me and my co-founder have been together. I say this, I've said this multiple times, it's like we were married and divorced and married. Some people actually ask me is my co-founder my partner. they thought it literally. It's not literally, but we have done multiple companies together, and to your point, we had this shift where we went from the CodeAnywhere to the conference called Shift, and then back to, Daytona. We originally started stacking servers, doing like virtualization in the early 2000s and, routers and doing basically all these things, at a foundational level, and that was a services company which we sold to focus on what my co-founder actually invented, which was the very first browser-based IDE, right, I say the first. Before us was actually Heroku. They did it for a very short time until they became Heroku. But outside of them, we were the only one, and it was called.Swyx [00:02:55]: There was Cloud9.Ivan [00:02:57]: Cloud9 came out slightly after us. There was Replit, which came out when we stopped doing it, Replit came out, and they have been successful since then, which is great. There was Nitrous.io. There was quite a few that existed at the time, but it was like too early. But the interesting part is that we, at that point in time, because there was no VS Code, there was no Kubernetes, and Docker had just started when we Or I'm not sure if it was even public at that point in time. And so we had to build everything to the whole stack ourselves and that was the key learning that we brought into and that we've been using in Daytona today. So it was super early. There's about 3 million people used CodeAnywhere. It was slightly, it was angel-backed more than venture-backed. We ended up paying everyone back because it didn't have that sort of scale. But, three years ago, we started something similar with Daytona, which is not what we are today, but it was automating dev environments for human engineers, the basically the underlying stack of CodeAnywhere. And then we did a hard pivot last January to sandboxes. And so here we are.Swyx [00:04:01]: Historic pivot, yeah, and, it's one of those things where, I had independently invested in CodeAnywhere, but also in E2B, and then both of you pivoted into the same thing, and I'm like, “F**k.”Ivan [00:04:12]: You invested, you invested in Daytona. You invested in Daytona. But you were the first If we had not got your check, we wouldn't have done it.Swyx [00:04:18]: No way.Ivan [00:04:19]: No, it was like, “We have to get him on board first,” and you were that kicker that we, that got us off the ground.Swyx [00:04:23]: No, because you were putting me on your pitch deck, man. I was like, “Man, this is like a good trip if I don't invest.”Ivan [00:04:29]: That's because it was your quote. It's like we.Swyx [00:04:30]: Yeah. It's the end of localhost.Ivan [00:04:31]: Did a bunch of research about end of localhost and who was interested in that,.Swyx [00:04:34]: No, that's like, I put, I wrote that blog post, and every single company in that field reached out to me, and then every VC who was receiving those pitches then also had to call me and, talk it, talk through it with me.Ivan [00:04:47]: It's finally happening though.Swyx [00:04:48]: It was really super interesting.Ivan [00:04:48]: It's finally happening.Swyx [00:04:49]: It's finally happening.Ivan [00:04:49]: Yeah, it's finally.Swyx [00:04:49]: It's finally happening, with maybe sort of non-human users. Yeah, so what is Daytona today? Let's get like a quick description. I'm wearing the shirt.What Daytona Is Today: Composable Computers for AI AgentsIvan [00:04:58]: You're wearing the shirt. Yes,.Swyx [00:04:59]: It says, I think your branding is very good. Like, it's very consistent. It runs AI code. Like, it cannot be simpler.Ivan [00:05:05]: Exactly, but we're gonna probably have to change that.Swyx [00:05:07]: Oh, s**t.Ivan [00:05:07]: It's also a subset of what we do. Unfortunately, we really love this, Run AI Code is super simple. People interpret it different ways. I think we've given out 5,000, 6,000 of these shirts. People wear them with pride because it doesn't really market about us.Swyx [00:05:21]: Yeah, Daytona's on the back.Ivan [00:05:22]: It markets the back. It markets to the person itself, so I think we did a really good job on that one. But it is also a subset of what we do, because people, when they think about Run AI Code, they just think about these small, let's call it isolates, code execution boxes that, you send some code, you get an output. Whereas what Daytona is today is essentially composable computers for AI agents. It is, the market calls them sandboxes which can be misleading.Swyx [00:05:44]: All these things. All these things on.Ivan [00:05:45]: Yeah, exactly, ‘cause it can be misleading ‘cause people usually think about sandboxes as a demo or a test environment versus a production-grade environment. But what Daytona does, if you think of the laptop that you have in front of you or the computer that's over there, or, my wife is an architect, so she has like a Windows with a 3D graphics card inside to do 3D rendering. Like, as humans, we have different computers or different compositions of computers. And our belief is strongly that agents today and going forward will need all these different compositions of computers to do different types of tasks. And so we offer that basically through an API.Swyx [00:06:19]: Yeah, to give people - I'm trying to sort of front-load all the aha moments or the wow moments so that people can, stay engaged and click like and subscribe. the market is exploding, right? Like, you have been reporting 74% month-on-month growth, and it also, it's just been growing for a while. Like, it's been going like this. And every single - It's not just you guys. It's every single.Ivan [00:06:41]: Everyone, yeah.Swyx [00:06:42]: Sort of, compute provider. I don't know if you agree with me saying compute provider or not.Ivan [00:06:48]: It's fine.Swyx [00:06:48]: Yeah. So like organically PLG-driven growth, but also enterprise is doing super well, I think I wanna rewind to January of last year when you did the pivot. Like, so you obviously called this market early, and you were positioned for it, and you are now one of the market leaders. But what was the insight that made you do the pivot?The Pivot: From Human Dev Environments to Agent SandboxesIvan [00:07:06]: The insight that made us do this pivot is the quarter before that, so end of 2024, when we had - Basically, we did a demo with - I don't I think we discussed this as well, Devin was not public. You actually gave me access to Devin at that time. So Devin.Swyx [00:07:25]: I did?Ivan [00:07:26]: Yeah, you gave me access.Swyx [00:07:26]: I don't think I was supposed.Ivan [00:07:27]: Yeah, exactly.Swyx [00:07:28]: Yeah, I.Ivan [00:07:28]: So it doesn't matter. You.Swyx [00:07:29]: Yeah. I gave like three friends access.Ivan [00:07:31]: Yeah, or it was a call and you showed it to me. It doesn't matter. but OpenDevin was available, which is now called OpenHands. And so we're like, “Oh, this seems to be a thing. This is not public. Let's take our for human automation of dev environments and take, OpenDevin and launch that as a SaaS.” And we did that. Not very many people signed up and used it, but a lot of people reached out that were building agents, and they were like, “Hey, my agent needs a compute sandbox runtime,” whatever you wanna call it. I forgot what it was called at that point. And then we were like, “Oh, amazing. This is a new market. Here is our infrastructure. Here's our product, and go.” And what we found really fast, soon, was that people did not like what we had built. It didn't work. And I remember talking to people at the beginning when we're doing this, the sandbox we're building for agents. People were like, “Oh, why is it different? It's the same thing. We have like EC2, we have VMs, we have all these things.” But we saw that everyone we gave it to, it was like 20, 30 people, they all said, “No.” Like, “This is not what we need. This sort of breaks.” And basically, me and my co-founder not knowing a lot about - ‘cause we're infra people. We're not AI people. So I basically took it upon myself to like watch every single podcast that exists, including all of, all of these and all that, and sort of get up to date, read all the blogs, like get, understand what's going on.Swyx [00:08:45]: Do you wanna shout out who else was useful, just in case people are also looking.Ivan [00:08:49]: Generally we -, I looked at There's a few of podcast, different segments and different types. So there's you guys, No Priors, Bill Gurley's was great while.Swyx [00:09:04]: VG2, yeah.Ivan [00:09:05]: Yeah, while it was around. So there's a few. 20VC is interesting from a different dynamic, and some are different dynamic. But there was, also Red Points.Swyx [00:09:14]: We're not really about the compute market.Ivan [00:09:15]: It was also already - Sorry?Swyx [00:09:16]: You're, you want - You're looking at the agent infra market.Ivan [00:09:19]: I was looking at the agent market and the AI market in general and sort of understanding who are the players, what the perception, and how that goes. And like obviously you complement this with like going to conferences, going to events, going to meetups, reading white papers, like doing all the things that you have to do to understand what's happening. And so when we figured, when we sort of had an idea of what we had to build, literally over the New Year's Eve, literally on New Year's Eve, I half vibe coded the first MVP, first minimal viable product of what Daytona is today. And I went to sleep at like 3:00 AM or something like that. I was doing - I just put my like baby daughter and wife to sleep and, Happy New Year's, and go back to just, doing this. And I sent it to my co-founder, my CTO, and he saw it in the morning. He's like, “This is absolute garbage.” “Do not show this to anybody at all, but the idea is good.” And so he took two weeks, and he rebuilt it.Swyx [00:10:09]: Did it like look like that? Listen, I - It was rough idea.Ivan [00:10:12]: Oh, not even, not even close. Like it was it was way worse. But it was like a very - It was a simplistic view of what it should be. Like, it worked, but it was not ideal. And so he went, we went down the whole, which is his job as CTO, to go, and he came back with this version. We then called all the people that had said like, “This is garbage,” a quarter ago. And we set up these calls, and we gave it to - We just demoed it to everyone. And all the calls went long, every single one. They were 15-minute calls, and they all went to like 25, 30 minutes or whatnot. And everyone said, “We need, we want access.” There was no login, just an API key, ‘cause it was just a beta or an alpha. And they said, “Oh, we want access.” And we're like, “Sure, yeah. Okay, thank you very much.” But after like the next day, if we'd not send it, every single one, like every call that we did, everyone came back, “Where is my API key?” Like everyone wanted it. We're like, “S**t.” Like this is it. Like I've never felt So one, the understanding to your point was like most people thought it was the same infrastructure for humans and agents. We understood a quarter ago it's not. We just didn't know what was the right primitive. And then when we came, and we can talk about what that is, and we gave it to these people, I've never seen, I've never experienced - I've done multiple companies in my life. I've never experienced this, that people literally call you if you do not give them access. Like they want access right now. And so it's like, okay, they don't want this. the thing that they want doesn't seem to exist, or they have not found it, and they really want what we want. And then when we understood that we're onto something, and then when you think about the size of the market, like the market for human engineers and enterprise is a very large market, so think GitLab or whatnot. But the market for every single agent that will exist ever in the future is just like, what is that market? How big is that? And we're like, “We are all in on this.” And so that is where we made sort of the cut between the old product and the new one.Bare Metal, Stateful Sandboxes, and the Lambda + EC2 ModelSwyx [00:12:02]: Yeah. But it wasn't composable at the time?Ivan [00:12:05]: It was very - It was basically just a Linux box that you could change, that you could define number of CPUs, disk, and RAM. Like that is what you could do, but you couldn't have multiple operating systems, you couldn't resize it on the fly, you couldn't add a GPU, you couldn't do like all the things. It was just the, just the first sort of variation of that, yeah.Swyx [00:12:22]: Was it bare metal from the start?Ivan [00:12:24]: It was bare metal from the start. And so the interesting thing that we thought about right away, so our.Swyx [00:12:29]: Which, give people the background, what is the normal path?Ivan [00:12:32]: Yeah, so, basically most providers run this on top of VMs. And also.Swyx [00:12:37]: Firecracker.Ivan [00:12:38]: Yeah, they run on Firecracker and VM. And so we also fire - We can get - We have multiple isolation layers and we can do that. But the common way to do it is that they, one, that the state of the machine, or the hard disk is not part of the sandbox itself. And the other thing is they're not meant to last forever. So most of them are preemptible, like they can There's a time that they can live. And so our thought was when we were going into this is, agents will be like humans in the sense of you don't want your laptop to be shut down until you're done with work. Like, and you want to close the lid and open the lid, it's the same state. So you - Agents would want that, like the pause and come back. They want those two things. But also agents really want speed, right? Can they get it? So when we thought about it's like we need something insanely fast, how to make it fast, how to make it long-running, and stateful. And so those two things, it's like combining a Lambda and an EC2, right? Those two things together. And so we didn't have an idea how others did it, ‘cause we didn't know too that there was a market around this. It was more like, okay, this is what we need, what they need. And we looked at Kubernetes, it wasn't wasn't good enough for that. We looked at Nomad, it didn't enable that. And so our history in rewriting our own scheduler at CodeAnywhere is basically what my CTO came up with. Like, he's like, “Oh, the learnings from there,” and he brought it. And the funny thing is, our third co-founder, when he saw it, he's like, “Dude, what is this? This is like 2008.” Like, we went back in time, and he's like, “Exactly.” And so the reason why Daytona is like super fast, and you see this on benchmarks, is we essentially, we run on bare metal. We have our own scheduler, we use the underlying, disk, CPU, and RAM of the underlying machine, which means your IOPS are insanely fast because there's no, there's no network between an EBS or something like that. But also the snapshot, the point in time, the templates, are also preloaded on the bare metal machines. So when you fire off a sandbox from a template or a snapshot, you're essentially directed to the bare metal machine where that snapshot is based on that NVMe drive, and then it literally just turns on that machine, and it's local. There's no network latency, anything on there. And so that is sort of the specificities that we, when we're thinking from first principles, what a computer would look like for an agent, that is what we came up with, and that's what we created.Benchmarks, 60ms Startup, and 50,000 SandboxesSwyx [00:15:02]: Yeah. I should maybe, I don't know if you endorse this, but there's someone that does compute SDK, you guys do very well on there, with like the TTI, right? I. is this a, is this a is this a relevant benchmark for you guys? I don't know.Ivan [00:15:16]: I don't know, and it changes every day. So today RKL is.Swyx [00:15:18]: I don't know what RKL is. Never heard of it.Ivan [00:15:20]: Yeah. RK, yeah, so it is there.Swyx [00:15:22]: You are, at least a third of the next tier of performance, and then, there's a lot of other better-known names that are very slow to start.Ivan [00:15:31]: Yeah. We've been the number one by far for a long time, and now there's different, there's different definitions also of sandboxes, different isolation patterns, different other things. So RKL runs it literally on the S3, the data, so it's very different, and they spin up a sandbox, spin up a container for that, so it's a different type of thing. So the definition of a sandbox is something that we can all, we all need to get along with. But yeah, we're insanely fast on getting these things, up and running. And so you can see even there that it's a zero point 0.10 to 0.11, so.Swyx [00:16:03]: Close enough. Yeah. what else do you need, right?Ivan [00:16:05]: Yeah. So the benchmarks itself, so, in this, in I don't think the benchmarks equate to market ownership or revenue or anything like that. and I've seen this with multiple benchmarks, not just in sandboxes, but in general benchmarks around.Swyx [00:16:20]: It's table stakes. It's just like.Ivan [00:16:21]: Exactly. But it doesn't hurt.Swyx [00:16:22]: Just roughly check.Ivan [00:16:22]: Like you definitely have to be up there and you have to be competing so that people know that, oh, this is definitely one of the top. Because this is only one dimension of what customers look for. There's other things like how many can you spin up consecutively? There's a feature set, there's support, there's like all different things that people look at, but you definitely have to be there, on the benchmarks.Swyx [00:16:40]: How many people do people spin up consecutively?Ivan [00:16:43]: So we have.Swyx [00:16:43]: Or concurrently, is the Concurrency, right?Ivan [00:16:45]: There's three metrics that we look at. And so one is like time to spin up one, and so our time to spin up one is 60 milliseconds with network latency. So request, spin up, reply, 60, the whole thing, 60 milliseconds. That is one. But if you wanna spin up 50,000 at once, we are now at about 75 seconds. So it takes about 75 seconds to spin up concurrently 50,000. Some others, there's public data around this, like take 2,000 seconds, which is 30 minutes. Like there's different variations of that. And then there is the so it is speed of one, speed of like multiple, and then how many can you consistently have up and running. And so we basically have right now no limit to how much we can add because we basically own our own metal. But the biggest customer of ours does like about 850,000 every single day is sort of where they're, where they're just shy of a million every single day that they're running, we do have a request for half a million concurrent, which is literally half a million CPUs somewhere running. So that's an interesting.Swyx [00:17:44]: They pay by like vCPU seconds.Ivan [00:17:47]: By seconds, yeah.Swyx [00:17:47]: Or whatever. Yeah. Okay, and so and then, and the other thing is, the sleeping and the resuming, ‘cause it's all the stateful resumption of all these things, how, what kind of workload are people putting through this, right? Like how is it Do we measure by gigabytes in memory, gigabytes in storage? I don't In like network attached storage. I, what are the costly ones of, out of all these features?Workload Economics: CPU, RAM, Network, and StorageIvan [00:18:15]: The most expensive thing are CPU.Swyx [00:18:18]: Okay. Yeah, of course.Ivan [00:18:18]: The second one, yeah Then it's RAM, then it's disk. We actually don't charge.Swyx [00:18:22]: Which is snapshotting, right?Ivan [00:18:23]: No, it's actually the, snapshotting's part of it, but basically the size of your hard disk, of your machine. So do you have 10 gigabytes, do you have 20, do you have 50, do you have whatever? And then the transference of that. Right now, currently we don't charge for, network at all at Polychron.Swyx [00:18:37]: Oh, you gotta, yeah, you gotta fix.Ivan [00:18:38]: Yeah. It is very much a it's a larger and larger part of our bill, so we're working around, that part there. Obviously, that is the least, expensive, so the hard disk is the least expensive, so it's basically CPU, RAM, for us network, ‘cause we don't charge the customer, and then hard disk, is how it's split up. But there's also different types of workloads, so we basically split it up into two types of workloads in Daytona. One is what we call background agents or long-running agents. and the other is, basically RLs and evals, which I put sort of together. And so they have very different patterns of usage, and if you look at the usage of a background And I'll just name names of companies, not specifically.Background Agents vs. RL/Evals: Two Usage ShapesSwyx [00:19:21]: Yeah, open, all hands.Ivan [00:19:23]: Yeah. So like a background agent's a Cognition, a Lovable, a like all these things are Harvey. These are all long-running, background agents. And so if you look at their usage patterns, their usage patterns are similar to human, which is like follow the sun. Basically, the usage patterns of that is like noon is probably the highest, and the midnight is the lowest, and then weekends are lower. weekday is higher.Swyx [00:19:42]: Yeah, that's a fun question. How global is it? Is it very US-centric or?Ivan [00:19:46]: The US is a large part, but we have currently, we have Asia, Europe, and the US regions.Swyx [00:19:52]: So it's quite global.Ivan [00:19:53]: Yeah, it's quite global. We have it all over. It's interesting that our I talked to you a bit about this. Our number one city by user.Swyx [00:20:01]: Hmm.Ivan [00:20:02]: Is Singapore.Swyx [00:20:04]: Oh, wow. Amazing.Ivan [00:20:05]: Which is an interesting one, right? Not by revenue, just by just like by individual head count.Swyx [00:20:09]: Really?Ivan [00:20:09]: Just like an interesting thing.Swyx [00:20:10]: Singapore is, Singapore is weirdly high in the adoption charts of AI for the population. It's like an, seven, eight million population. And it's like keeps showing up.Ivan [00:20:20]: No, it's quite interesting. We were quite shocked, and I was like, “Oh, this is interesting.” And also one that's up there.Swyx [00:20:24]: There's a reason I'm doing AI using Singapore. it's because I'm from there.Ivan [00:20:27]: We're there. We're gonna, we're gonna be there as well. and it's interesting that Japan is in the top or like Tokyo's in the top, which is in all the tech cycles it has never been. It has never been, so it's quite interesting that they're.Swyx [00:20:39]: I think the Japanese just love AI. Yeah. It's that, and then it's Brazil. That's it.Ivan [00:20:44]: Brazil has always been in.Swyx [00:20:45]: I think.Ivan [00:20:46]: Even when I look, if you look at like GitHub's data and ask historically with CodeAnywhere, it was always like US, Western Europe, and then you'd have like India, Brazil, China, like that would be there. But like Singapore was not in, specifically Japan was never in sort of that top, that top.Swyx [00:21:01]: Yeah. Weird pockets.Ivan [00:21:01]: Weird. Yeah, so it's very global.Swyx [00:21:02]: Okay, so actually that, but that's helps you to distribute your load through, all time?Ivan [00:21:08]: The interesting thing is like we have those kind of loads, but if you look at the researcher loads, they're quite different. So what they are is like if you give them concurrency of 10,000 or 50,000 or 100,000 CPUs at ARMb, when they fire off a run, it's just 100%. And then it just runs, and then it stops. So it's very, the usage pattern is squares basically, right? And it's also not follow the sun, because people will fire it off at midnight before they go to sleep but then wake up and so it's very unpredictable, so you don't know where that is. So the shapes of the usage are quite different than we have had before. And also what's interesting is when it's sort of a follow the sun, even if you have a high growth company, you can sort of predict your usage patterns and have enough capacity for that, because it's sort of, it grows in a, in a way you can project. When you have companies doing sort of like evals and RL, they're super spiky. So they're gonna come in, it's like, “We're gonna use nothing, then can we have 100,000?” Right? And then go back down. And then 100,000, go back down. So it's very different, right? And.Swyx [00:22:09]: Do you want to lock them into commits so.Ivan [00:22:11]: Yeah, we do.Swyx [00:22:12]: Yeah, okay.Ivan [00:22:12]: We so we have to lock them into some sort of commits to have that capacity, because we have to have, basically we have to have the capacity for peak. Right? And so right now, Daytona's mean utilization is 15%, 1-5.Swyx [00:22:25]: Oh my God.Ivan [00:22:26]: So it's very low.Swyx [00:22:27]: Because it's very spiky.Ivan [00:22:27]: It's very spiky, but we get up to 90%. so we have these things. And so what we're, what we're looking at right now as a company is similar to Cloudflare where you can like geo move things around, but that works really well for basically the background agent where it's follow the sun. But this, it's not. Like it's a very different shape. Obviously with scale you figure these things out, but that's an interesting new problem that we have, as a compute provider in the agent space. And when we were doing the conference recently, and so we talked to like Nikita from Neon and.Swyx [00:22:57]: I should bring it up.Ivan [00:22:58]: Parag from Parallel and whatnot, everyone has the same problem. Whereas the usage is super spiky, and this is something that has not happened before, that you have these types of like it was always, it the amplitudes were not this high, right? So it's quite interesting use case and problem solve.Compute Conference and Spiky Agent InfrastructureSwyx [00:23:12]: Yeah, I don't know if we're gonna bring this up again, but let's just talk about the conference, you had like 1,000 something people at the Warriors game, at the Sorry, where is it? What's.Ivan [00:23:22]: Chase Center.Swyx [00:23:23]: Chase Center.Ivan [00:23:23]: Chase Center.Swyx [00:23:24]: I went. It was, it was very impressive. Obviously, you can, how to throw a conference, what did you learn? you put, you pulled together all these impressive names.Ivan [00:23:33]: What I.Swyx [00:23:34]: What were you looking for?Ivan [00:23:35]: My thesis behind the Compute Conference was let's bring together people that are building infrastructure for AI agents. Because when I think of what we're building, it is the agent is the primary user, what are the ergonomics and usage patterns of agents, and so we can do that. And what I found, this was a theory, it wasn't proven, is that we all have these problems, as I touched onto. And I was, as I was talking on stage, it was like we all have the same underlying infra problems, which is this spiky workloads, unpredictable workloads that we've never had before, in human, compute or human infrastructure. And it's, again, it's the same when I was talking to Parag or when I was talking.Swyx [00:24:20]: Lynn. Nikita.Ivan [00:24:21]: Lynn, Nikita. Lynn especially, I was talking to her the other day as well. Like the It is a very interesting type of problem to solve because I can touch on Cloudflare because there's a lot of like talk about that recently as to how they solve that, which is they have a bunch of geos, and basically, as users work in different places, and depending on your tier, they can move you around the geos. And so that how, that's how they get the higher utilization. But you can sort of predict these, and it's If it's something in You'll rarely get a spike that is 10 orders of magnitude. Like you'll get a like let's say one of your customers has some like an exponential curve. What is that to I'm using Cloudflare as an example. 10%, 20%, whatever it is. I don't, I don't have this data, I'm just assessing. It's surely not 10x, right? It's surely not something there. And so how do you go out and solve this problem? And we're all solving this in different ways. So we have.Swyx [00:25:11]: She also has the same thing.Ivan [00:25:12]: Yeah, I know specifically that like Neon had that issue as well. Like how are we solving these spiky loads and things like that ‘cause we talked about it. And so the interesting thing for me to actually internalize was, yes, everyone that's building for agents first is going through this, and we're all solving similar problems, which is quite.Swyx [00:25:28]: Let me let me double-click on this. Okay. So for example, Neon, I happen to know that they're very sort of S3 oriented, right? so they're just like fully bet on S3. And you get to benefit from S3's distribution and infrastructure. So I would imagine that Neon doesn't have to care, whereas Lynn maybe has to care a bit more because obviously she's doing GPU inference. And, for listeners, we did an episode with her, one and a half years ago. And you have to care. But like, right?Ivan [00:25:54]: Parag cares for sure, and Nikita.Swyx [00:25:58]: And Parag is C of, Parallel.Ivan [00:25:59]: Parallel, yeah.Swyx [00:26:00]: Former CTO of Twitter.Ivan [00:26:01]: Twitter, yeah.Swyx [00:26:02]: They are the search.Ivan [00:26:03]: Yeah, they're search, yeah.Swyx [00:26:03]: I You and I know but the listeners don't know.Ivan [00:26:08]: Yeah, we can put it down in the screen, and so ‘cause we, when we were talking.Swyx [00:26:11]: I'll put it up on the, on the screen.Ivan [00:26:12]: Yeah, right.Swyx [00:26:12]: People can look it up if they need.Ivan [00:26:14]: Look it up. And, yes, but they still have CPU and RAM, allocation that you have to have up and running. And so CPU and RAM, you have to allocate that and have that ready. And so there's basically two ways to do it. One is you either over-provision and you can handle the bursts, or two, you basically have, I don't know if this is a term, just-in-time compute, which is like as your load becomes, as your usage comes in, you can fire off requests for VMs or bare metals at other cloud providers and then get them up and running.Swyx [00:26:43]: This is if you go above 100%, right?Ivan [00:26:45]: Yeah, this is.Swyx [00:26:46]: Like your overflow.Ivan [00:26:46]: If your overflow, like spillage or whatever you do.Swyx [00:26:48]: You probably lose money on it, but it doesn't matter, right?Ivan [00:26:50]: It, not Well, you might, you might not That is a more cost-effective way to do it but it's a slower way to do it. Because basically what you have to do is you have to like queue your requests, spin up these just-in-time compute, get it all ready, provision it, and then get your workload there. And so if the time isn't important that much, that's fine, and you can do that. But if your customer, and especially for, let's say, the RL training runs, the reason why a lot of people come to us is because GPUs are more expensive than CPUs, right? So you want your GPU running at, what, 100% the entire time. And so when you're running runs on CPUs, when the when the CPU cycle is like down and spinning up the next one, you want that to be instantaneous so that your GPU doesn't go down, right? And if you then have to like go out and provision machines, you're essentially telling the GPU that it has to wait, and that's incurring our cost. So there's things that you have to try to solve for there.RL Workloads, Declarative Images, and Kubernetes ReplacementSwyx [00:27:43]: Yeah, let's talk about the different workload, right? You said that, what was it? A few months ago, you had zero RL workload and now it's 50%.Ivan [00:27:52]: It will be this one, 50%, yeah.Swyx [00:27:54]: Let's talk about how different it is, right? Like I imagine, for example, a lot less dynamic code generation of like arbitrary code. Like here, it's probably all the same code. You're just doing parallel runs or something, I don't know.Ivan [00:28:05]: Yeah. So you'll have multiple Depends on the like for each run, you'll have a snapshot. And they, for the most part, they actually do use our declarative image builder, which is like, “Oh, we, the agent wants these dependencies, these env vars.”Swyx [00:28:17]: These ones, yeah.Ivan [00:28:18]: Yeah, the declarative image builder, it.Swyx [00:28:20]: Which is a very modal like thing that they.Ivan [00:28:22]: Yeah. And so we build it on the fly and then we propagate that snapshot, and you can spin up as many sandboxes as you want against that snapshot. And then if you have to do changes, the model can, or like it could be also be automated. It's like, “Oh, now for the next run, we need to install these things or remove these things or whatever to get, a task done,” and then it goes off and runs that. So yes, that is something that it seems that they prefer. The number one reason I found, or should I say, let's take a step back. What we are competing against in that environment is essentially managed Kubernetes. So EKS, GKE, whatever. That is what the vast majority run on. And anyone that has tried Daytona versus GKE, EKS is like, “I'm never going back.” That has always been. There's a few reasons. One is the ergonomics. So if you have, if you're using Kubernetes to spin that up, you have to essentially manage the interface interactions with that. Daytona, although as a compute provider, it's more akin to a Twilio and Stripe from a consumption perspective than it is an AWS. Like you have an API, an SDK, it's quite like easy and seamless to get these things up and running, that's one. The other is the speed to which we spin up, which we mentioned earlier, which is much faster, and the scale to which we can go to. We haven't got into features, but an interesting feature is that it's very hard to OOM, or out of memory, our sandboxes, because we can dynamically on the fly.Swyx [00:29:48]: Resize.Ivan [00:29:49]: Resize, which is like impossible on almost any other thing. There are some technologies that enable you to do that, but it's like a very hard thing. And so we actually saw this when, the Terminal Revenge team is, brought us actually. So thank you, Alex and the team, that brought us into this whole space.Swyx [00:30:05]: It's just very rare that, a framework would just say, “Guys, just use Daytona.”Ivan [00:30:11]: Yeah, I think it says it somewhere. Yeah.Swyx [00:30:13]: Yeah. I was like, “What is this?”Ivan [00:30:15]: There's all, there's multiple there, but they also mention a few other places. and so Daytona specifically-We have, the, just jumping on themes here We, I don't know where it says Data Center.Swyx [00:30:27]: I, there.Ivan [00:30:27]: Doesn't matter.Swyx [00:30:28]: There's a very strong recommendation, which is, very unusual. Which is, it's.Ivan [00:30:33]: We do not pay them for this, just.Swyx [00:30:34]: I know, yeah. They just like you.Ivan [00:30:35]: Yeah, they like us. yeah, and also a thing, so, Data Center has multiple isolation sets underneath. The customer doesn't have to know what they are. But basically we have Docker, which is a container, that's hardened with Sysbox. So it's Docker's, isolation that is a security equivalent to a VM, but it's still a container. And that is the default, and they, especially in these training workloads, really like that as an interface to be able to use just a basic Docker container, and we enable Docker and Docker. Which for these RL runs, if you need to do a Docker compose or Kubernetes, you can spin up a K3S inside of these things, which unlocks a huge amount of workloads that you can do that you cannot do on other providers. So just on that part is much more interesting. And so we went that, through that. We showed them that we could do that, and they enjoyed that quite a bit. They being the general venture people.Swyx [00:31:28]: Those people, yeah.Ivan [00:31:29]: And Harbor people.Swyx [00:31:29]: Harbor people, do are they, are they a company yet?Ivan [00:31:33]: As far, I do not know.Customer Pull, Slack Connect, and the Computer Use BetSwyx [00:31:35]: Okay. All right. Yeah. It's like super obvious that like, there's a lot of excitement and success around these things, okay, so yeah, tell us more, right? Like, this is an exploding workload, Harbor adopted you, which helped speed things along. But what are you learning as this new workload comes online?Ivan [00:31:53]: There's a couple things that we learned, which we chat about in the beginning. We, and this has led our story, as we mentioned, we like talked to a lot of customers along the way, and we add more features and more tool sets as we talk to customers. And it's interesting that And I think it's that the ecosystem is so small and/or the models get smarter, where when we see one user come with a request, we know it goes on a roadmap if like three to five customers come with the same request in that week. It's like very bizarre. It happens so many times, which is.Swyx [00:32:27]: Because they're all friends.Ivan [00:32:28]: Sorry?Swyx [00:32:28]: They all, they're all friends. They're all in the same group chat.Ivan [00:32:30]: Yeah, probably, yeah. ‘Cause and they're like, “Oh, can you do this?” And I'm like, “Okay, this is interesting. We'll put it on a feature request.” And then the next one's like, “Oh, can you do this?” “Okay.” It's all the same, right? It's always the same. And so what we try to do, and I personally try to do, I try to be on as many call, quote-unquote “sales calls” I can. I'm in every Slack channel. We literally have about 1,000 Slack Connect channels, something like that. It's an interesting, there's so many interesting things you find out when you have all the Slack channels. You can also see where people, transfer between companies. You see leave Slack channel, enter Slack channel. It's an interesting thing. Also, just I digress, I feel that Slack Connect is literally LinkedIn what it should be. You have a list.Swyx [00:33:08]: LinkedIn charges you to, use your own connections, but Slack doesn't, right? Slack is like, do it for free. It's more lock-in. It's great.Ivan [00:33:15]: Yeah. It's amazing. Yeah. It's one of the reasons.Swyx [00:33:17]: You're gonna pay Slack for life.Ivan [00:33:18]: Exactly. You're there for life. So that's interesting. And so one of the things, the newer things we were talking about earlier is we made a big bet and put a lot of investment on computer use. that is not seen publicly the light of day. We haven't GA'd that yet, but we have.Swyx [00:33:32]: Is there a thing I can pull up?Ivan [00:33:33]: There is computer use there. It's right up a bit.Swyx [00:33:36]: Oh, yeah. Okay.Ivan [00:33:38]: What we have, what we talked about and what we've seen publicly is there's this theme now about, the human emulator where And Elon from XAI has talked about this publicly, and if you think about the models today, they're actually quite sophisticated and they can do a lot of work, but they still don't have access to all the tools. Like, I'm a strong believer that the most efficient way for an agent to work is essentially headless or through, terminal or whatnot. But if we, if we look at knowledge work in general, there's about 100 million knowledge workers in the US, about a billion in the world, and knowledge workers, and the salaries of them aggregate to 10 trillion in the US 50 trillion worldwide.Swyx [00:34:24]: Wow.Ivan [00:34:25]: Something like that. And if we look at, the five most important sectors of that, so like healthcare and government and financial services and whatnot, that's about 56% of that. So let's say it's about half of that. So in the US it's about 25 trillion, and most of them, most of that work is actually still locked into legacy apps inside of Windows, which is not going anywhere for a very long time. Like, people just won't invest in that. How much of it? our assumption is the following: if, in the RPA market, which is similar market, well, not the same 25% of, these white collar, workers', work is automated. If an agent is more sophisticated, can go through more runs, figure stuff out, let's say it's, 40%, right? And so if you take 40% of that, you get to essentially, $10 trillion a year.Swyx [00:35:17]: That's a TAM.Ivan [00:35:18]: That is a that is a TAM. So that's the TAM of the models, right? That's not our, essentially ours. But you get to that size, and to be able to do that, you essentially have to give agents these computers with the legacy. So computer use, either Mac or Windows or Linux. Linux we also obviously have and others have. But Windows specifically is something very new, and the only option right now is an EC2 with, Windows or on Azure. Both of them take anywhere from three to five minutes to spin up. We've created an actual sandbox, so it's a second instead of milliseconds, but you have, point in time snapshots, you have, forking, you have all the things that you have from a sandbox, but essentially enables you to hopefully unlock all this value. And so that's been our big push and bet, but we've sort of, kept our ear to the ground. What is sort of the next things in the market?RPA Returns: Why Agents Still Need ComputersSwyx [00:36:06]: Yeah, knowledge work, and building, and sort of RPA, the next wave of RPA. I got very excited about RPA kind of during COVID times. The UI path was IPO-ing. And it was, a very hot Isn't it, Eastern European?Ivan [00:36:20]: It is, Romanian.Swyx [00:36:21]: Romanian?Yeah, it might be the only Romanian, big unicorn okay, yeah. This I don't I don't, I don't have like a I think there's, I think there's a stage being set for the resurgence of RPA, ‘cause everyone understands that, yeah, no one wants to deal with these shitty apps and no one's gonna rewrite them. Like, you just have to do, a remote operation and programmatic operation of them.Ivan [00:36:45]: If you wanna unlock it, my own setup was basically the following. So I was doing a board deck recently, last month, whatever, and I'm like, “Okay, let's just, let's just do automated.” So, all our data's in, ClickHouse and PostHog and QuickBooks, where everyone else's is, and I'm basically, connected that all to, my Cloud code, like go off and go Cloud code whatever. Go off and, here's the integrations, go do that. It pulled out the first report, which was great. It connected to Brex and all these things, pulled it, which was great, and then I say, “Okay, now pull out this, and this,” and I kept getting, really well McKinsey-style design reports, but the data said partial data. all the missing data, partial data. Like, it can't access all the things, and I got so frustrated, and so I got, I got, my Mac Mini virtual sandbox with OpenClaw. I gave it its own account in our company, and then I went to all these services and created a read-only account, so literally like an intern in your company. And so I would say, “Now go and do this report,” and it would get the same, or like, “I can't via the MCP or the API or whatever. I can't get all the information.” I'm like, “Go log in.” And it will log into the website, then go in, export the data. It'll export the data and do the thing end to end. So even for things that have today APIs, not all of it is exposed, and I to get value, I get immense value right now, but it has to be a computer usage, unfortunately, and so I spend a bunch of tokens just on that, but I get the job done. And so if even a startup like ours, and using all the hottest tools, still needs a computer agent what hope does, Goldman have to have a headless, right?Swyx [00:38:22]: Yeah, what a - Why isn't Microsoft doing this?Ivan [00:38:27]: I'm pretty sure, Satya had a post yesterday.Swyx [00:38:29]: Oh, okay. I see.Ivan [00:38:29]: Which was like, “Every agent needs a computer.”Swyx [00:38:31]: I see, I see.Ivan [00:38:32]: So they have launched something recently.Swyx [00:38:34]: Yeah, they have Microsoft Power Automate, I'm sure, I'm sure, they're gonna have their version.macOS Sandboxes, Apple Constraints, and the Windows OpportunityIvan [00:38:39]: Version of that, yeah.Swyx [00:38:39]: You're gonna try to do yours, and it - I always know there's always demand for Mac, but I know it's, tricky to host, macOS sandboxes.Ivan [00:38:49]: We will have macOS sandboxes fairly soon. The problem with macOS, OS sandboxes is, I'm deep in this, I don't know how much interesting is.Swyx [00:38:55]: No, it's.Ivan [00:38:56]: MacOS has this problem.Swyx [00:38:57]: It's a licensing thing, right?Ivan [00:38:58]: Licensing thing. So one, you're allowed to run only two parallel VMs per machine, so that's one. Two, you can only license to a different user every 24 hours. So if you come in and theoretically, if I wanna charge you per second and I charge you one second, I have to have it idle for the rest of the day. I can't have anyone else doing that. So the pricing will be different in the sense that I will have to - we would have to charge for 24 hours, and that's not even, that's not even the most difficult thing. But the, thing above that is, from a security perspective, they enable you to do memory snapshot, pause, resume, but only on the same physical drive, physical machine. And so what you can do in, Windows world or Linux world is that I can move in the background, your snapshot from one to the other and manage load, right? Here, if you wanna do that, you essentially have to have your.Swyx [00:39:49]: Yeah, snapshots. Yeah.Ivan [00:39:50]: Your.Swyx [00:39:51]: It's like.Ivan [00:39:51]: Physical machine.Swyx [00:39:52]: You can't break it up.Ivan [00:39:53]: You can't, you can't move things around that, and all of that is, that part is, from a security standpoint, if it is written. Like, I understand the security aspect of that, but it disables you from doing these agentic, like really scalable agentic workloads.Swyx [00:40:08]: You need to do a vibe-coded, clean room implementation on macOS that you can then - That's like Clean OS or something. I don't know.Ivan [00:40:17]: So. We have.Swyx [00:40:18]: ‘cause like Linux was originally like a clean room rewrite of Unix.Ivan [00:40:21]: Okay. Yeah.Swyx [00:40:21]: Or something like that, right? Like same thing to macOS. Someone needs to do it.Ivan [00:40:25]: Someone will do that, and someone will have some long-running agents for a few days to figure this stuff out. But yeah. So definitely we - we're really close to offering something ‘cause people do want it, but the pricing will be different, and the feature set will be sort of stringent.Swyx [00:40:38]: Yeah, nobody's gonna use this. like, the labs, the labs will because they want to automate macOS.Ivan [00:40:42]: They have to do RL. They have to do RL again. But even if you The - So the point is with the RL part, if you, if you do RL on macOS, then the next iteration of the model comes out, it will be able to use these tools significantly. Then you actually need to run those, that somewhere. So you're gonna have to have that, later on. And from, if anyone at Apple is listening, I very much feel that they are shooting themselves in the foot of the scale of the revenue of compute or licensing they could get if they would just enable a concurrency model similar to what you can get on a Windows and a, and Linux.Swyx [00:41:17]: Yeah. Yeah. And I'm sure they've heard this before. They just don't care. Yeah, it's And maybe they will change their mind with the new CEO.Ivan [00:41:24]: Yeah. We'll see.Swyx [00:41:25]: We'll see.Ivan [00:41:25]: High hopes.Swyx [00:41:26]: High hopes.Ivan [00:41:26]: High hopes.Swyx [00:41:27]: Okay. But I, it's very clear the market opportunity is huge in Windows, and you can go for a long time on just Windows, but your customers are gonna want both. and I think, it is interesting to me that, this is the sort of God application of agents, right? Like, I don't It was - How big was OpenClaw for you guys? Like, was it, was there, a significant bump.OpenClaw, Agent Labs, and the B2B2C Sandbox MarketIvan [00:41:54]: Not for us because we.Swyx [00:41:54]: Because you already.Ivan [00:41:55]: We're kind of positioned differently. Whereas although it's completely PLG and we have individual developers that use it, most of the users that use Daytona are sort of a B2B2C. Sort of it's either B2B or B2B2C. So, in the researcher world, it's B2B, so you're selling to, labs and neo labs and things like that. But on the long-running agents, it's mostly, from a scale revenue perspective, it's mostly B2B2C, where you have a app layer agent that uses you at a big scale.Swyx [00:42:26]: Like a Manus. Yeah.Ivan [00:42:28]: Like a Manus Lovable type of thing.Swyx [00:42:31]: Yeah. I think that's the question of, well how, um-Uh, yeah, B2B to C is basically to me what I've been calling an agent lab, which is kind of like you're not in a model lab, but you're making a very good wrapper that is a platform that other people can sign up so they don't have to code those things. Yeah, it sound, it sounds like a much better market than the direct OpenClaw market.Ivan [00:42:56]: I've like - We I've done multiple things. So the CodeAnywhere's part of our career path R in the calendar, was very much an end user developer product. And so that is great. It You can get a lot of developer love, and I feel that we do as a company have a bunch of developer love. But it's a different type, where it's people building these things. Again, it's more akin to a Twilio because you don't really run - As a person, you wouldn't run Twilio. I don't know how many people remember. It was like ask your developer billboard and whatnot. And people really love Twilio, but they only used it inside of like, “Oh, I'm building this app or service for thing.” And so we're very much directly to that. And you also know that I used to work for a competitor for Twilio, so it's kind of ingrained, in my DNA.Swyx [00:43:35]: People don't know InfoBip is that big.Ivan [00:43:38]: Yeah, it's.Swyx [00:43:39]: Because.Ivan [00:43:40]: It's a billion euro.Swyx [00:43:40]: They're all American. They're like, “Whatever's in Europe doesn't matter to me.” But like it's the, it's the same size or bigger? Same size?Ivan [00:43:46]: It's about half the size.Swyx [00:43:47]: Half the size?Ivan [00:43:48]: Yeah, about half the size.Swyx [00:43:48]: It's like, yeah.Ivan [00:43:48]: Still huge. Multiple billions a year. Yes.Swyx [00:43:51]: That's crazy.Ivan [00:43:51]: Exactly, and so that - These are like really interesting and large revenue-generating, very sticky businesses. Whereas when you're selling to the - When your focus is the end developer, it is a very hard sell because they're very price sensitive, very price conscious, very around that. And there's very It's very hard to scale. Your cap is the number of people that are willing to spin up - First of all, wanna spin that up, and then spin up multiple of these. Whereas if you're in the enterprise one, like we know everyone's talking about like how many tokens they're spending, I'm spending. Like a lot of companies today are like, “If this is our company, spend as much as you can.” Like basically that is where we're going. And so if you think about that paradigm, where you're selling to companies that say, “Spend as much as you can to generate, productivity,” versus, “Oh, I'm a single person. I have this much budget, and I'm doing this thing because it's fun or it's helping me out or whatever.” Like it is a different, it's a different go-to-market, I think, strategy.MCP, CLIs, and Sandboxes as the Agent RuntimeSwyx [00:44:50]: Yeah, there's a lot of discussion. I'm just kind of going through like the mental list of things that are in your favor, which is, for example, MCP versus CLI. Like obviously you want CLI. It's been very good for you. I feel like it's maybe a drop in the bucket or maybe it's huge. I'm just checking whether it's like these are big trends.Ivan [00:45:10]: Those things you - work well in our favor, to your point just because every.Swyx [00:45:13]: They're kind of drop in the bucket, right?Ivan [00:45:15]: I think it's like sort of all the things come together. And so there's so many things that impact that. To your point, like OpenClaw wasn't huge for us, but like having the agent SDK, from Anthropic, so or Cloud Claude Code was very interesting. The reason why it was interesting is that a lot of, let's call them app I don't know what to call them, app layer agent companies, essentially they are like, “Oh, I can create this new app, this new agent. All I need, I just use Claude Code, and I throw it into a sandbox, and then I have my interface to the human to that.” And so that enabled so many more companies to actually offer this, and then they would pull on sandbox. So that was, that was interesting. And to your point, like MCP, versus the CLI, the MCP is an interface against an API, whereas the CLI is like you can actually go do things. Like this is it. The difference between integrations and actually running scripts or data or analysis against a thing. So being able to use a CLI very well enables the agent to do more things, and it's because that people will invoke a sandbox, they'll run it in the CLI, and but it'll do anal-analysis on that data and then give you an actual result versus just, pulling data from an API source.Swyx [00:46:29]: Yeah, it's a layer of indirection basically, it's the same thing as agentic search versus RAG, which where you're.Ivan [00:46:34]: Exactly, yeah.Swyx [00:46:34]: Just like you just win whenever people put more agents into their workflow. And so like it doesn't really matter, but I'm just kinda teasing out like what else have people heard about that like it's sort of, “Oh yeah, this is another sandbox use case. Oh yeah, that's another one.” Am I, am I missing any big ones?Ivan [00:46:51]: The thing, the thing that people, which is the computer use stuff, which I think is probably the most interesting one, is, and to your point, we've talked to so many people over the last year. It's like, “Oh, like why do you need a sandbox? Why do you need this? Why this?” And to your point, it's like, “Oh, I need sandbox for this. I need sandbox for that. I need sandbox-” It's like, “Oh, I need it for every single thing.” And so basically what I, what I - and it sounds like a broken record, it's like you use a laptop every single day, right? And you are n of one. It's just you. But now imagine how And by the way, the laptop, the computer PC market, the PC market is about equal to the cloud market in total. So it's about 150, 180 billion a year. Something like that. It's about roughly the three cloud hyperscalers is about equal to like Apple, HP, Lenovo, whatever, It's a little bit less, but it's sort of like that. And now imagine And that's just like, so how big is the addressable market? What, how many people are there in the world now? What's the last data?Swyx [00:47:45]: Let's call it eight billion.Ivan [00:47:46]: Eight billion. And so let's say you can have two computer, like you have one personal and one business, whatever. Like so it's double that, right? and so that's 16 billion, right? How many agents are gonna be running in two years, in 10 years, in 100 years? Like And for every single task, they will need one of these. And so how big is that? That market is essentially quote unquote “infinite”. You will get to the point, and Dylan Patel was at the conference talking about, from SemiAnalysis, that talks usually about GPUs, was also talking about how CPUs will now be a bottleneck because it will be the constraint. You won't be able to grow, or we won't be able to have enough of these because there won't be enough CPUs to basically do.Swyx [00:48:23]: Yeah. Well, I actually had a really good podcast with Doug Oliphant, who, which was his president at SemiAnalysis, where they've basically been like, yeah, it's been a GPU shortage first, but then it's cascaded down to memory and now to CPUs.Ivan [00:48:35]: CPU, yeah.Swyx [00:48:35]: It-What's next? So networking. So, networking actually has been in shortage for a while if you're looking at, just GPU networking. But, yeah, it's really crazy the amount of computer use that's going on, yeah, cool. I, other questions are, just the one very big part is the open sourceness which you didn't have to do, your competitors don't do, like it's not, a lot of people are worried about keeping their projects open source because some competitor can just slot fork it. I don't know if there's any reflections on just being an open source company.Open Source, Trust, and Enterprise ProcurementIvan [00:49:15]: Yeah. There's a bunch. So we the original product that we did was open source.Swyx [00:49:19]: Yeah. CodeAnywhere.Ivan [00:49:20]: So doing that was actually very good for us. There's basically a saying of, What's the saying? Like, companies that are, that are doing really well, measure themselves against, free cashflow, that are kinda okay, it's EBITDA, then, it's, it goes all the way down.Swyx [00:49:36]: The worst is like GitHub stars.Ivan [00:49:37]: GitHub stars. GitHub stars are the worst, yeah. So you go all the way down to GitHub stars. And so our original one was GitHub stars. That's what we talked about, we're at the point we're talking about revenue, so we're we've gone up the stack on that. And so we started.Swyx [00:49:47]: No, profit.Ivan [00:49:48]: Yeah. We haven't, we're, we'll get there. We'll get there. But basically at that point we did stars and GitHub and it was useful, and the original variation that we did, it we split the core into its own repo and it was Apache 2.0, so very, permissive. And then we basically would bundl

Marco Quarta is co-founder and Chief Scientific Officer of Rubedo Life Sciences, a precision-therapeutics company developing medicines that target the pathological cell states that drive age-associated disease. Marco's first appearance on the show was three years ago, in February 2023 (Episode 35), when Rubedo was a much earlier-stage company committed to the then-contrarian premise that "the senescent cell" is not a single entity but a heterogeneous family of cell states that needs to be deconvoluted at the single-cell level. In March 2026, Rubedo reported preliminary Phase 1b/2a clinical data for its lead candidate, RLS-1496, a first-in-class topical GPX4 modulator. Marco returns to the show to discuss what survived contact with human biology.In this episode, Chris and Marco unpack the readout from Rubedo's basket trial across four skin indications — psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, actinic keratosis, and photoaged skin — and the biology that underlies it. RLS-1496 came clean on safety in all four indications, with significant efficacy signals despite small patient numbers and short (20–30 day) treatment courses. More provocatively, the clinical and translational data have pushed Marco to redefine what kind of drug this actually is. Rather than a next-generation senolytic, GPX4 modulation appears to act as a state-gating intervention: it triggers ferroptosis in deeply senescent cells that have already crossed a redox threshold, while inducing a hormetic "redox reset" in stressed-but-recoverable cells that restores them to a healthier state. Marco proposes a new category to capture this dual action — adaptive senotherapeutics, or senoadaptive drugs — distinct from senolytics and senomorphics.The conversation traces the arc from Rubedo's founding thesis to a clinically validated platform (ALEMBIC, the AI-enabled single-cell multiomics engine that surfaced GPX4 as a target), through the strategic logic of leading with skin, into the broader question every longevity-biotech founder eventually has to answer: when does a disease-by-disease franchise become a credible preventive geroscience platform? Marco lays out the GLP-1 analogy explicitly — an anchor indication and a label-expansion roadmap that could carry GPX4 modulation from dermatology into respiratory, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disease, and ultimately into the use case where biomarkers of cellular senescence flag patients for therapy decades before disease becomes clinically apparent.The Finer Details:How Marco's 2023 contrarian view — that "senescent cells" hide a tissue- and state-specific reality — has been reinforced by the clinic, and how Rubedo's framing has shifted from "targeting senescent cells" to "targeting pathological cell states"The biology of GPX4 as a lipid-peroxidation gatekeeper, why senescent cells have intrinsic vulnerabilities (p16, p21, CDK4/6 inhibition) that make them ferroptosis-sensitive, and how Rubedo's approach differs from oncology-focused GPX4 programs at Takeda and othersThe "senoadaptive" mechanism — RLS-1496 eliminates GPX4-dependent senescent cells via ferroptosis while triggering NRF2/Keap1-driven redox reset, autophagy, and epigenetic remodeling in recoverable cells, restoring tissue trajectory from degenerative to regenerativeWhy Rubedo led with skin: clean regulatory path, accessible tissue, the ability to read out aging biology anddisease in the same trial, and a label-expansion runway into systemic indicationsPhase 1b (Europe) and Phase 2a (US) basket-trial results across psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, photoaged skin, and actinic keratosis: clean safety in 4/4 indications and significant efficacy signals — itch reduction in atopic dermatitis, decreased lesional thickness in psoriasis, target-engagement-correlated clinical improvement in photoaged skinThe richness of the translational dataset: biopsies, tape-stripping, spatial transcriptomics, proteomics, multiplex histomics, plasma biomarkers — all feeding back into ALEMBIC to refine the platformWhy actinic keratosis is the most strategically important indication — an age-related, chronic-inflammatory, precancerous condition where Rubedo can simultaneously test disease modification and biological-age reversalThe Rubedo–Beiersdorf partnership and the cosmetic vertical as a parallel commercial axisPipeline beyond skin: targeting aberrant basaloid stem cells in IPF and other pulmonary indications using different modalities (prodrugs, PROTACs, ADCs) to achieve cell-state selectivityThe longer-arc vision: senescence biomarkers as a "prediabetes-style" early signal, with senoadaptive drugs deployed decades before disease — and what a GLP-1-scale franchise might look like for GPX4 modulationQuotes:"There is not such a thing as a senescent cell — like there is not a cancer cell. And that was the initial idea. I'm glad that over time the field evolved. Now this is an accepted concept in the senotherapeutic space.""We are really talking about a dual function of RLS-1496 that can modulate the cell state depending on the adaptive response. That's why we call this — de facto — a new class of senotherapeutics. We call them adaptive senotherapeutics, or senoadaptive drugs — not a senolytic or a senomorphic, but working by modulating the cell state.""The best animal model for human therapies is human. As much as you can do preclinical work in animal models, it's always an approximation. We were able to test this directly in patients for safety, and in 4 out of 4 indications, we didn't have any safety signal.""Imagine you're taking care of a growing tree, and this tree has some dead leaves and some are a little bit stressed. If you shake the tree, the dead leaves will fall; the healthy leaves will not, because they're healthy and they resist the shake. But that shake actually gives the stressed leaves space and breathing room, and helps them to regain vitality. That's a little bit what GPX4 modulation does.""Senotherapeutics is a large, growing field — an untapped therapeutic opportunity. There is no such thing as a pan-senolytic or a pan-senotherapeutic, like there is no pan-oncotherapeutic. You need to understand the context. But these will all be part of the arsenal for true longevity medicine.""I don't see this as prevention of disease. The way I see therapies like ours, and the way the field of longevity is developing, is treating diseases decades before they develop. That's not a new concept — that's what we're doing in diabetes. You can be diagnosed with prediabetes today and reverse those biomarkers with lifestyle changes or metformin, and maybe never develop diabetes. That's exactly what we're doing here.""First of all, celebrating the first approved drugs from Rubedo — I don't think we're too far from that. But that's also a beginning, because you learn from the big momentum the GLP-1 agonists created: how a drug can start in one indication, create a new field, and prove that you can go beyond that. I hope in a few years we come back and talk about the next GLP-1 — this could be GPX4 modulators, or the senoadaptive drugs that are first in our pipeline."Links:Rubedo Life Sciences: https://www.rubedolife.comMarco Quarta's previous appearance on Translating Aging: Ep 35 — Targeting Pathologic Cells to Preserve Biological Youth

Restless Legs Syndrome has long been treated as a medication problem. But what if one of the most important clues was hidden in the thing patients already know: movement helps. Nidra, a prescription neuromodulation device using tonic motor activation, attempts to borrow the benefit of movement without requiring patients to pace the bedroom at 2:00 AM. In this episode we will:Review how Nidra stimulates the peroneal nerves to engage movement-related pathwaysExplore the RESTFUL pivotal trial and the extension data that supported FDA authorizationDiscuss what the studies showed for IRLS scores, global improvement, sleep quality, and safetyExamine why this therapy fits into the changing RLS treatment landscapeIdentify which patients may be good candidates and who should avoid itShare the practical keys to a successful Nidra experience, from placement to consistencyOriginal intro music Vigilanteology by Abhinav Singh (copyright 2026) Original outro music Vigilanteology (reprise) by Abhinav Singh (copyright 2026)Produced by: Maeve WinterMusic by: Dr. Abhinav Singh (@sleep_vigilante), all rights reservedMoreTwitter: @drchriswinterIG: @drchriwinterThreads: @drchriswinterBluesky: @drchriswinterThe Sleep Solution and The Rested ChildThanks for listening and sleep well!

Thank you for joining us for our 2nd Cabral HouseCall of the weekend!   I'm looking forward to sharing with you some of our community's questions that have come in over the past few weeks…   Maria: Hello. I have terrible joint pain in my hands. Some days are worse than others. I am a 50 year old female and was wondering if you can suggest a supplement and maybe foods to stay away from.      Bea: Hi Doc, Thanks so much for everything that you do. I have been wondering about dosage on the back of supplement labels. I am a 5'3 115 pound woman. Do I take the recommended amount on the back or less? For example, I take proteolytic enzymes. Should I take 2 as instructed on the back or just 1? thank you!!      Skip: Hello Dr C, thanks for all you do! I keep hearing this tick season is going to be really bad. I know you generally say to strengthen the immune system with Lyme. I'm wondering what specifics you have for preventing/ repelling ticks (with humans and dogs) and for someone who has Lyme- how can they get to the root cause in addition to supporting the immune system?      Karla: Hi Dr. Cabral, I want to first thank you for sharing all of your thoughts and research with us. It has truly been invaluable to me and my family. I wanted to ask about a recent supplement I heard about on my local radio. It's called Astaxanthin. They claimed it would help with skin, vision, energy and many other things. I searched your previous podcasts and didn't see anything about it, so I was hoping you could comment on whether it's worth adding to my current supplement regimen. Thanks in advance!      Louise: Hi Dr. Cabral. I have been attempting to do the CBO Protocol for about 3 weeks now, but have had to pause multiple times because I experienced pretty intense die off symptoms. The most troubling one is restless leg syndrome. I believe it is related to the inflammation caused by the die off. It is so severe that I can only do half the dose a day, and I still get pretty bad RLS. Do you have any suggestions on how I can make it through the protocol with this problem? Would asking for temporary RLS medication be a bad idea? Is there anything natural I can take? I have tried megaigg2000 to bind the LPS, and now high dose curcumin to help the inflammation levels but I don't know what else I can do. Thank you for your time and input!    Thank you for tuning into this weekend's Cabral HouseCalls and be sure to check back tomorrow for our Mindset & Motivation Monday show to get your week started off right! - - - Show Notes and Resources: StephenCabral.com/3747 - - - Get a FREE Copy of Dr. Cabral's Book: The Rain Barrel Effect - - - Join the Community & Get Your Questions Answered: CabralSupportGroup.com - - - Dr. Cabral's Most Popular At-Home Lab Tests: > Complete Minerals & Metals Test (Test for mineral imbalances & heavy metal toxicity) - - - > Complete Candida, Metabolic & Vitamins Test (Test for 75 biomarkers including yeast & bacterial gut overgrowth, as well as vitamin levels) - - - > Complete Stress, Mood & Metabolism Test (Discover your complete thyroid, adrenal, hormone, vitamin D & insulin levels) - - - > Complete Food Sensitivity Test (Find out your hidden food sensitivities) - - - > Complete Omega-3 & Inflammation Test (Discover your levels of inflammation related to your omega-6 to omega-3 levels) - - - Get Your Question Answered On An Upcoming HouseCall: StephenCabral.com/askcabral - - - Would You Take 30 Seconds To Rate & Review The Cabral Concept? The best way to help me spread our mission of true natural health is to pass on the good word, and I read and appreciate every review!  

Text Dr. Lenz any feedback or questions Gabapentin and Pregabalin Explained: Calming an Overactive Nervous System in Pain, RLS, Fibromyalgia, and SleepThe script explains gabapentinoids (gabapentin and pregabalin) as neuromodulators that “turn down” an overexcited central nervous system seen in central sensitization/nociplastic pain syndromes, helping conditions such as neuropathic pain, restless leg syndrome (RLS), fibromyalgia, anxiety, and sleep disruption. It clarifies they don't act on GABA receptors; instead they bind the alpha-2-delta-1 subunit on calcium channels, reducing calcium influx and release of excitatory neurotransmitters (glutamate, substance P, norepinephrine), lowering pain, restlessness, and anxiety. The script highlights guideline shifts making gabapentinoids first-line for chronic RLS due to minimal augmentation risk versus dopamine agonists, notes pregabalin's FDA approval for fibromyalgia (gabapentin used off-label), and emphasizes improved slow-wave sleep and restorative recovery. Practical guidance includes nighttime dosing, “start low and go slow” titration, side effects, off-label use, and the need for doctor supervision.00:00 Nervous System Overdrive01:41 Central Sensitization Explained03:52 What Are Gabapentinoids05:45 How They Work in Brain08:14 Restless Leg Syndrome Shift10:14 Fibromyalgia and FDA Approval12:05 Deep Sleep Healing Boost14:55 Nighttime Dosing Strategy17:04 Side Effects and Titration20:59 Off Label Uses and Kids22:49 Analogies and Key Takeaways24:51 Final Summary and Disclaimer Click here for the YouTube channel Support the showWhen I started this podcast and YouTube Channel—and the book that came before it—I had my patients in mind. Office visits are short, but understanding complex, often misunderstood conditions like fibromyalgia takes time. That's why I created this space: to offer education, validation, and hope.  If you've been told fibromyalgia “isn't real” or that it's “all in your head,” know this—I see you. I believe you. This podcast aims to affirm your experience and explain the science behind it. Whether you live with fibromyalgia, care for someone who does, or are a healthcare professional looking to better support patients, you'll find trusted, evidence-based insights here, drawn from my 29+ years as an MD.Please remember to talk with your doctor about your symptoms and care. This content doesn't replace per...

La legge annuale sulle PMI (legge n. 34/2026) introduce l'obbligo per i datori di lavoro di fornire annualmente a lavoratori e RLS un'informativa scritta sui rischi connessi al lavoro svolto in modalità agile. L'approfondimento di Roberto Camera

Welcome to Resiliency Radio with Dr. Jill Carnahan, where today's episode challenges decades of conventional thinking about Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS). Dr. Jill is joined by Dr. James C. Anderson, whose groundbreaking research suggests that RLS may not be primarily a dopamine disorder—but instead, a problem of mechanical nerve compression in the lower leg. In this fascinating and science-driven discussion, Dr. Jill Carnahan and Dr. Anderson explore how decompression of the common fibular, superficial fibular, and tibial nerves may significantly reduce symptoms like burning, tingling, cramping, creeping sensations, and sleep disruption. This episode offers hope to patients who have failed dopaminergic medications and provides clinicians with deeper mechanistic insight into the root causes of RLS and peripheral neuropathy. ✨ Like, subscribe, and share to help more people discover innovative, root-cause solutions for chronic restless legs and sleep disruption.

Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) can make sleep a nightly battle — and for many veterans, it's linked to service-connected issues like PTSD, sleep apnea, or medications. In this episode, we break down how the VA rates RLS, how to prove service connection, and what evidence can strengthen your claim.Learn what to expect at your C&P exam, common mistakes to avoid, and other important facts! If you've been dealing with sleepless nights and restless legs, this guide will help you understand your VA disability options and take the next step toward the benefits you deserve.

In this episode, Dr. Rachel Immen, a board-certified sleep medicine expert, discusses the significant changes in treatment guidelines for restless leg syndrome (RLS). Discover how lifestyle factors like iron levels and medication adjustments can impact your experience with RLS and improve your sleep health. For more expert insights, visit Carle.org.  Learn more about Rachel Immen, MD  

Restless legs syndrome used to feel simple. If the legs were jumping, we reached for a dopamine agonist, the safer alternative to older meds. Over time, we learned that the very medication calming symptoms could make the condition worse. But just as guidelines changed in favor of gabapentin and related medications, new research raised concerns about the medications link to cognitive decline and dementia. So where does that leave patients? In this episode, we will:Define restless legs syndrome and review why dopamine agonists became the standard treatment in the first placeExplain augmentation and rebound in plain language, and why it led to guideline reconsiderationWalk through the AASM's updated recommendations and why gabapentinoids are now considered first-line therapyExamine the recent study linking gabapentin exposure to increased dementia and mild cognitive impairment riskDiscuss what observational research can and cannot tell us about causationCompare the real-world risks of dopamine agonists versus the emerging safety signals around gabapentinExplore how these recommendations may be interpreted differently by sleep specialists versus primary care providersHighlight the “rock and hard place” many patients feel caught in when every option carries caveatsReview practical strategies: iron optimization, careful dosing, monitoring for augmentation, and individualized careOffer a balanced framework for making thoughtful, evidence-based decisions without panic or oversimplificationProduced by: Maeve WinterMore Twitter: @drchriswinter IG: @drchriwinter Threads: @drchriswinter Bluesky: @drchriswinter The Sleep Solution and The Rested Child Thanks for listening and sleep well!

If you suffer from the mental, physical and emotionally challenging problem of restless leg syndrome (RLS), you are not alone. Catherine Fernandez Aristy, M.D., fellowship-trained Family Sleep Medicine Physician and Jessica Hutchinson, CNP, both of Monument Health Neurology and Rehabilitation in Rapid City speak with interim host Leslie Hopton about the most common sensory motor-related sleep disorder. A frustrating and uncontrollable need to move your legs, RLS is often a symptom of another sleep disorder or even iron deficiency. Dr. Fernandez and Jessica list possible symptoms that could lead to a diagnosis, discuss evaluation considerations, such as sleep studies and give treatment options as they pertain to sleep disorders. There are also cardiovascular consequences to untreated RLS, including high blood pressure and heart arrhythmia to consider. Lifestyle modifications can help, though prescription and over the counter medicines often have unhelpful side effects.Listen or watch and find out how getting better sleep can help you to cope with restless leg syndrome. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

C'est dans un énième discours sur le perron de Matignon que le Premier ministre Sébastien Lecornu a annoncé le 16 janvier à 18h30 une série de mesures dont des premières annonces en faveur du logement afin d'éviter la censure du Gouvernement sur le budget. Après avoir menacé les députés de dissoudre l'Assemblée nationale puis de faire adopter le budget de l'État par ordonnance, Sébastien Lecornu à la quête d'un compromis s'est enfin dit prêt à faire évoluer la copie budgétaire. Côté logement, le chef de l'Exécutif répond à la demande du groupe du Parti socialiste (PS) et il propose de renoncer à l'année blanche « pour les allocations sur le logement » (APL) envisagée dans le budget initial mais aussi une augmentation de 400 millions d'euros des moyens pour les bailleurs sociaux pour qu'ils construisent bien et qu'ils rénovent mieux. Sébastien Lecornu prévoit aussi 200 millions d'euros « pour de nouveaux projets Fonds vert » ainsi que le maintien de MaPrimeRenov'. C'est un outil selon lui « utile » et « efficace ». Enfin, pour la première fois, le Premier ministre a souhaité poser les bases d'un statut du bailleur privé pour relancer l'investissement locatif privé au moment où les fameux Conseil national de la refondation et de l'habitat, les alertes des notaires ou le dernier rapport Daubresse-Cosson ont rappelé l'urgence du secteur. C'est dans ce contexte que le ministre du Logement, Vincent Jeanbrun, bien silencieux jusqu'à aujourd'hui a promis « un très beau statut du bailleur privé » au cours de la cérémonie des vœux d'Action Logement organisée ce mardi 20 janvier en présence de son président Bruno Arcadipane, l'ancien ministre de la Ville Jean-Louis Borloo, promoteurs, constructeurs, parlementaires et syndicalistes comme Frédéric Souillot, secrétaire général de Force ouvrière (FO). L'objectif est bien de prendre en compte le déficit foncier dans le calcul du revenu global du bailleur particulier en quête de rentabilité. Réduction de loyer de solidarité (RLS), statut du bailleur privé, MaPrimeRenov', l'hébergement d'urgence… Lionel Causse, député des Landes (Ensemble pour la République) des Landes nous explique qui sont les grands gagnants et les perdants (Fonds national des aides à la pierre, plafonds du PTZ et prêts subventionnés) à l'issue de l'adoption du budget du logement pour 2026.

Twenty years of restless legs. Two failed attempts. One patient who kept coming back anyway. In this episode, I finally figured out what was missing - and it had nothing to do with magnesium, valerian, or sleep hygiene before bed. This case humbled me. I'd treated her twice before with all the "right" things - minerals, adaptogens, calming herbs, etc., and nothing worked. When she came back a third time, desperate and hardly sleeping, I knew I had to dig deeper. What I found changed how I think about restless leg syndrome entirely. RLS isn't a muscle problem. It's not a simple mineral deficiency. It's a nervous system excitability disorder driven by overlapping dysfunctions: dopamine signaling, brain iron metabolism, inflammation, and liver function. I discovered the smoking gun was a protein called hepcidin which controls iron trafficking in the body. When inflammation is high and the liver is congested, iron gets trapped. The brain starves. Dopamine drops. And the legs can't stop moving. In this episode, I walk you through the research that opened my eyes, the labs that finally made sense, and the Phase One protocol I built from scratch. After just two weeks, she's already seeing improvement - not because I treated her legs, but because I treated the right things in the right order. If you've ever had a case that forced you to start over, this one's for you. Download the 6 Principles of Clinical Thinking Join Clinical Academy

Send us a textBack at the PHCC CONNECT Show, the guys catch up with Chris and Yolonda West, Chris West Plumbing, Jonesboro, Ark., and we also talk with newly appointed president for Rapid Locking System (RLS), Susan Labadie.Subscribe to the Appetite for Construction podcast at any of your favorite streaming channels and don't forget about the other ways to interact with the Mechanical Hub Team! Follow Plumbing Perspective IG @plumbing_perspective Follow Mechanical Hub IG @mechanicalhub Sign up for our newsletter at www.mechanical-hub.com/enewsletter Visit our websites at www.mechanical-hub.com and www.plumbingperspective.com Send John and Tim your feedback or topic ideas: @plumbing_perspective

What does it really take to win when everything falls apart? Inspired by a conversation with regular caller RLS about military mental conditioning, Ryan explores the psychological gap between good teams and championship teams, and why talent alone will never be enough. The injury report has ballooned to 20 players, with Jordan Love still in concussion protocol and Malik Willis expected to be ready if needed. But beyond the medical updates, this episode dives deep into the philosophy of elite performance. Drawing from books by Bill Walsh, Tim Grover, George Leonard, and Bill Parcells, Ryan examines why some players crumble under pressure while others thrive. The NFL's structure actually works against building mentally tough teams, and the bare minimum requirements for players are shockingly light compared to the psychotic obsession that defines true greatness. From Kobe Bryant's 4am workouts to Aaron Donald's unwavering consistency, the blueprint is clear for those willing to follow it. Merry Christmas Eve, Packers fans. If you want a team that wins ugly when it matters, this is the conversation we need to be having. This episode is brought to you by PrizePicks! Use code PACKDADDY to get started with America's #1 fantasy sports app. https://prizepicks.onelink.me/LME0/PACKDADDY To advertise on this podcast please email: ad-sales@libsyn.com Or go to: https://advertising.libsyn.com/packernetpodcast Help keep the show growing and check out everything I'm building across the Packers and NFL world: Support: Patreon: www.patreon.com/pack_daddy Venmo: @Packernetpodcast CashApp: $packpod Projects: Grade NFL Players ➜ fanfocus-teamgrades.lovable.app Packers Hub ➜ packersgames.com Create NFL Draft Big Boards ➜ nfldraftgrades.com Watch Draft Prospects ➜ draftflix.com Screen Record ➜ pause-play-capture.lovable.app Global Economics Hub ➜ global-economic-insight-hub.lovable.app

What does it really take to win when everything falls apart? Inspired by a conversation with regular caller RLS about military mental conditioning, Ryan explores the psychological gap between good teams and championship teams, and why talent alone will never be enough. The injury report has ballooned to 20 players, with Jordan Love still in concussion protocol and Malik Willis expected to be ready if needed. But beyond the medical updates, this episode dives deep into the philosophy of elite performance. Drawing from books by Bill Walsh, Tim Grover, George Leonard, and Bill Parcells, Ryan examines why some players crumble under pressure while others thrive. The NFL's structure actually works against building mentally tough teams, and the bare minimum requirements for players are shockingly light compared to the psychotic obsession that defines true greatness. From Kobe Bryant's 4am workouts to Aaron Donald's unwavering consistency, the blueprint is clear for those willing to follow it. Merry Christmas Eve, Packers fans. If you want a team that wins ugly when it matters, this is the conversation we need to be having. This episode is brought to you by PrizePicks! Use code PACKDADDY to get started with America's #1 fantasy sports app. https://prizepicks.onelink.me/LME0/PACKDADDY To advertise on this podcast please email: ad-sales@libsyn.com Or go to: https://advertising.libsyn.com/packernetpodcast Help keep the show growing and check out everything I'm building across the Packers and NFL world: Support: Patreon: www.patreon.com/pack_daddy Venmo: @Packernetpodcast CashApp: $packpod Projects: Grade NFL Players ➜ fanfocus-teamgrades.lovable.app Packers Hub ➜ packersgames.com Create NFL Draft Big Boards ➜ nfldraftgrades.com Watch Draft Prospects ➜ draftflix.com Screen Record ➜ pause-play-capture.lovable.app Global Economics Hub ➜ global-economic-insight-hub.lovable.app

Con el año a punto de terminar, esta semana nos hemos preguntado en qué han quedado todos los planes del Gobierno que había en torno a la bicicleta. Realmente llevamos muchas semanas, incluso meses, con esta pregunta, pero con el 31 de diciembre a la vista ha sido el momento en el que analizamos las medidas y los resultados, lo que se ha pedido por el camino y lanzamos el debate. Para ello lo hacemos con datos, con las noticias que hemos ido publicando a lo largo de estos años y viendo el desenlace que han tenido. Comparamos la efectividad de unas medidas indirectas y a veces arbitrarias, que por otro lado al final su implantación queda en manos de las administraciones locales con las ayudas directas y los planes estatales para la industria del automóvil. Tampoco rehuimos si bajar el IVA de las bicicletas a un tipo reducido sería una medida que potenciase aun más su venta y uso como ha sucedido en Portugal. Pero también ha habido actualidad, y ha estado marcada por la nueva Factor One, una bici que no ha dejado indiferente a nadie por su diseño atrevido y hasta cierto punto revolucionario. Un diseño que, por otro lado, ha sido posible por la relajación de las medidas de diseño por parte de la UCI, porque no hay que olvidar que esta bici, bueno un prototipo bastante parecido a lo que ha sido el resultado final, lo vimos en el Critérium du Dauphiné y que incluso se llevó una victoria de etapa, pero luego fue “baneada”. Otra novedad que hemos tenido ha sido el nuevo Shimano GRX RX717, una versión más económica del GRX Di2 que permite acceder a un grupo gravel electrónico e inalámbrico de forma más económica y que nos permite configuraciones de 1x12 y 2x12. Y el nuevo casco Canyon Deflectr, con la tecnología patentada RLS con una membrana de liberación que consiste en una capa de rodamientos de policarbonato y con el cierre de ebilla HighBar. Este casco ha conseguido 5 estrellas en los test de seguridad de Virginia Tech. Enlaces de interés: Factor One ¿Es tan revolucionaria? https://www.maillotmag.com/afondo/las-5-claves-de-la-nueva-factor-one-es-tan-revolucionaria Nuevos componentes Shimano GRX RX717 https://www.maillotmag.com/actualidad/mas-opciones-wireless-y-mas-asequibles-en-shimano-grx-con-los-nuevos-componentes-rx717 Canyon Deflectr, el primer casco de trail que nace con 5 estrellas https://www.mtbpro.es/actualidad/canyon-deflectr-el-primer-casco-trail-de-la-marca-nace-con-5-estrellas-de-calificacion

Dive into the wild aftermath of the Packers' heart-stopping win over the Bears— a game that had fans on the edge with controversial calls, defensive heroics, and Caleb Williams' predictable meltdown. Callers unload on everything from Ben Johnson's play-calling genius (and blunders) to why Chicago's QB can't pocket pass to save his life, all while celebrating Jordan Love's balling performance and the team's grit in a too-close-for-comfort battle. Dakota breaks down Jaire Reed's key snaps and why Wicks got underused in a tight end-heavy scheme. Beer Cheese vents on refs' BS, Micah Parsons' dominance, and Evan Williams' tackling prowess. Benny rips Bears fans' delusions and praises LaFleur's unpredictable offense cooking up chaos. RLS flips on gracious winning, urging Packers fans to trash-talk delusional Chicago supporters. This episode is brought to you by PrizePicks! Use code PACKDADDY and visit https://prizepicks.onelink.me/LME0/PACKDADDY to get started with America's #1 fantasy sports app. Subscribe, rate, and review to keep the After Dark vibes rolling—share your hot takes on social! #GoPackGo #PackersWin #BearsSuck #NFLDrama To advertise on this podcast please email: ad-sales@libsyn.com Or go to: https://advertising.libsyn.com/packernetpodcast

Dive into the wild aftermath of the Packers' heart-stopping win over the Bears— a game that had fans on the edge with controversial calls, defensive heroics, and Caleb Williams' predictable meltdown. Callers unload on everything from Ben Johnson's play-calling genius (and blunders) to why Chicago's QB can't pocket pass to save his life, all while celebrating Jordan Love's balling performance and the team's grit in a too-close-for-comfort battle. Dakota breaks down Jaire Reed's key snaps and why Wicks got underused in a tight end-heavy scheme. Beer Cheese vents on refs' BS, Micah Parsons' dominance, and Evan Williams' tackling prowess. Benny rips Bears fans' delusions and praises LaFleur's unpredictable offense cooking up chaos. RLS flips on gracious winning, urging Packers fans to trash-talk delusional Chicago supporters. This episode is brought to you by PrizePicks! Use code PACKDADDY and visit https://prizepicks.onelink.me/LME0/PACKDADDY to get started with America's #1 fantasy sports app. Subscribe, rate, and review to keep the After Dark vibes rolling—share your hot takes on social! #GoPackGo #PackersWin #BearsSuck #NFLDrama To advertise on this podcast please email: ad-sales@libsyn.com Or go to: https://advertising.libsyn.com/packernetpodcast

Restless leg syndrome (RLS) isn't just a sleep problem — it's a neurological signal that your brain's dopamine and iron systems are under stress, and addressing it early helps protect long-term brain health A JAMA Network Open study found that people with RLS were significantly more likely to develop Parkinson's disease than those without it RLS patients who received treatment had four times fewer Parkinson's diagnoses than untreated individuals, suggesting that managing RLS symptoms supports neurological resilience Iron levels, poor sleep quality, and disrupted waste clearance in the brain all appear to link RLS and Parkinson's, underscoring the importance of restoring iron balance and improving sleep hygiene By optimizing dopamine naturally, maintaining healthy iron levels, getting quality sleep, and staying physically active during the day, you can calm restless legs now and strengthen your brain against degeneration later

Dive into the unfiltered chaos of Packers fandom as callers vent their raw frustration over the gut-wrenching Eagles loss, with injuries derailing the offense and sparking epic debates. Clayton drops a fiery roast on Corey from Ohio, turning fan beef into must-hear drama that had the host hyped for more rivalries. Whether it's Jordan Love's shaky throws or Matt LaFleur's bold calls under fire, this episode captures the emotional rollercoaster of a team teetering on the edge. Clayton unleashes a savage takedown on Corey, mocking his complaints about the offense and LaFleur while dropping stats like "fifth in passing yards per play" – pure Tupac vs. Biggie vibes in Packers nation. Callers like Beer Cheese Benny and RLS rip into the offense's "stupidity," from illegal formations to missed field goals, blaming LaFleur's aggression for turning winnable games into disasters. Amid the rage, optimistic takes from Jared and Drew highlight the defense's grit and potential bounce-backs, but question if the Packers can still snag the division without key weapons like Tucker Kraft. Host stirs the pot with humor on fan feuds, adult warnings, and a teaser for a Bisaccia diss track – because why not add some Pantera-style rage to the mix? This episode is brought to you by PrizePicks! Use code PACKDADDY and visit https://prizepicks.onelink.me/LME0/PACKDADDY to get started with America's #1 fantasy sports app. Drop your hottest takes below – who's right in the Corey vs. Clayton beef, and can the Packers turn this mess around? Smash that subscribe button, leave a review, and hit us with your comments. Next up, we'll dive into the Giants matchup and see if the offense finally clicks. To advertise on this podcast please email: ad-sales@libsyn.com Or go to: https://advertising.libsyn.com/packernetpodcast Help keep the show growing and check out everything I'm building across the Packers and NFL world: Support: Patreon: www.patreon.com/pack_daddy Venmo: @Packernetpodcast CashApp: $packpod Projects: Grade NFL Players ➜ fanfocus-teamgrades.lovable.app Packers Hub ➜ packersgames.com Create NFL Draft Big Boards ➜ nfldraftgrades.com Watch Draft Prospects ➜ draftflix.com Screen Record ➜ pause-play-capture.lovable.app Global Economics Hub ➜ global-economic-insight-hub.lovable.app

Dive into the unfiltered chaos of Packers fandom as callers vent their raw frustration over the gut-wrenching Eagles loss, with injuries derailing the offense and sparking epic debates. Clayton drops a fiery roast on Corey from Ohio, turning fan beef into must-hear drama that had the host hyped for more rivalries. Whether it's Jordan Love's shaky throws or Matt LaFleur's bold calls under fire, this episode captures the emotional rollercoaster of a team teetering on the edge. Clayton unleashes a savage takedown on Corey, mocking his complaints about the offense and LaFleur while dropping stats like "fifth in passing yards per play" – pure Tupac vs. Biggie vibes in Packers nation. Callers like Beer Cheese Benny and RLS rip into the offense's "stupidity," from illegal formations to missed field goals, blaming LaFleur's aggression for turning winnable games into disasters. Amid the rage, optimistic takes from Jared and Drew highlight the defense's grit and potential bounce-backs, but question if the Packers can still snag the division without key weapons like Tucker Kraft. Host stirs the pot with humor on fan feuds, adult warnings, and a teaser for a Bisaccia diss track – because why not add some Pantera-style rage to the mix? This episode is brought to you by PrizePicks! Use code PACKDADDY and visit https://prizepicks.onelink.me/LME0/PACKDADDY to get started with America's #1 fantasy sports app. Drop your hottest takes below – who's right in the Corey vs. Clayton beef, and can the Packers turn this mess around? Smash that subscribe button, leave a review, and hit us with your comments. Next up, we'll dive into the Giants matchup and see if the offense finally clicks. To advertise on this podcast please email: ad-sales@libsyn.com Or go to: https://advertising.libsyn.com/packernetpodcast Help keep the show growing and check out everything I'm building across the Packers and NFL world: Support: Patreon: www.patreon.com/pack_daddy Venmo: @Packernetpodcast CashApp: $packpod Projects: Grade NFL Players ➜ fanfocus-teamgrades.lovable.app Packers Hub ➜ packersgames.com Create NFL Draft Big Boards ➜ nfldraftgrades.com Watch Draft Prospects ➜ draftflix.com Screen Record ➜ pause-play-capture.lovable.app Global Economics Hub ➜ global-economic-insight-hub.lovable.app

Have you been diagnosed with restless leg syndrome - but the iron pills or medications you've been given for it aren't giving you any relief? Do you struggle with chronic fatigue, and you've been told it's from restless leg syndrome, but nothing you try makes you feel more rested? If you've ever spent nights Googling “restless leg syndrome treatment” or “restless leg syndrome causes,” you know how frustrating RLS is. When I was diagnosed with restless leg syndrome in middle school, I felt the same confusion and frustration about my RLS. I was told it was because I had low iron. I took the supplement, and it maybe helped a little...but I still felt exhausted throughout the day. It wasn't until I became a functional health practitioner that I figured out what was causing my restless leg syndrome - and how to treat restless leg syndrome for myself in a way that actually WORKED. Now - I've found COMPLETE restless leg syndrome relief (which my husband is so grateful for!). And today, I'm going to teach you how you can do the same. In today's episode, we're diving into the real root causes of Restless Leg Syndrome — the ones most doctors never mention. You'll learn how restless leg syndrome connects to your brain, iron levels, airway health, and even your gut health — and what steps you can take to finally find restless leg syndrome relief naturally. Restless leg syndrome isn't random, and you're not stuck with it for forever. It's time to teach you the root cause of restless leg syndrome so that your legs - and your sleep - can finally find some peace. TIMESTAMPS:00:00 - Introduction to Restless Leg Syndrome 00:26 - Allison's Personal Journey with RLS 01:04 - Understanding the Root Causes of RLS 01:37 - Welcome to the Better Belly Podcast 02:48 - Common Misconceptions and Diagnosis 03:33 - Allison's Personal Experience with RLS 06:50 - Theories and Causes of RLS 09:23- Low Iron Levels and RLS 15:12 - Airway Development and RLS 21:27 - Other Contributing Factors to RLS 25:42 - Conclusion and How to Get Help EPISODES MENTIONED:72// Why Your Iron and Vitamin D Are Still Low – Even After Taking Supplements285// 2 Steps to Reversing Your Acid Reflux (for good!)48// Got snoring, sleep apnea, TMJ, or teeth grinding? You may need an Orofacial Myofunctional Therapist! – with Madison Scott, RDH, Myofunctional Therapist HEAL YOUR GUT TODAY!Option #1)

Even when the guest bails, the Snobs prevail!Join Mick and the crew for a fun and chaotic Halloween-season chat about horror movies, their favorite new films, and plans for the spookiest night of the year.

In part 2 of this episode of the HVAC Know It All Podcast, host Gary McCreadie continues his discussion with Jessica Slaughter, Marketing Manager at RLS Rapid Locking System, about the growing use of press fittings in the HVAC industry. They talk about common pushbacks like tool cost and trust in the technology, and how RLS is working to address these concerns. Jessica explains how press fittings save time, improve safety, and are being used in everything from homes to data centers worldwide. This episode gives HVAC pros useful insights into the benefits and future of press technology. Gary and Jessica talk about how press fittings are changing the HVAC trade by saving time, cutting labor, and reducing fire risks. Jessica shares how RLS is working to make tools more affordable and fittings easier to get, while expanding their product line to help techs stay with press. They discuss common concerns like cost and trust, and how the press is now used in homes, data centers, hotels, and more. Jessica also explains how global use is growing and why education is key. They end with a fun idea to show press vs. braze speed in a live challenge. Expect to Learn: How press fittings save time and lower labor costs. Why tool cost and trust are key barriers to adoption. Press fittings are being used across the HVAC industry. How RLS is improving fitting availability and product range. Why Press is a strong option for service work and tight job sites. Episode Highlights: [00:00] - Intro to Jessica Slaughter in Part 02 [01:59] - Press vs. Braze Speed Challenge Idea [03:38] - Showing Time Savings and Proper Brazing Prep [05:01] - Main Pushbacks: Tool Cost and Trust Over Time [06:12] - Longevity, Refrigerant Shift, and Growing Trust in Press [10:48] - Press in Service Calls and Where It's Being Used Most [17:43] - Global Reach of RLS and Importance of Exposure This Episode is Kindly Sponsored by: Master: https://www.master.ca/ Cintas: https://www.cintas.com/ Cool Air Products: https://www.coolairproducts.net/ Property.com: https://mccreadie.property.com SupplyHouse: https://www.supplyhouse.com/tm Use promo code HKIA5 to get 5% off your first order at Supplyhouse! Follow the Guest Jessica Slaughter on: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/js212/ RLS Rapid Locking System: https://www.linkedin.com/company/rls-rapid-locking-system/ Website: RLS Rapid Locking System: https://www.rapidlockingsystem.com/ Follow the Host: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/gary-mccreadie-38217a77/ Website: https://www.hvacknowitall.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/people/HVAC-Know-It-All-2/61569643061429/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/hvacknowitall1/

In this episode of the HVAC Know It All Podcast, host Gary McCreadie sits down with Jessica Slaughter, Marketing Manager at RLS Rapid Locking System. Jessica discusses the benefits of using press fittings in HVAC and refrigeration, explaining how they provide a safer, faster, and more efficient alternative to brazing. She shares insights into common mistakes technicians make when using press fittings, particularly the importance of proper preparation, cleaning, and deburring. Jessica also highlights the durability of RLS press fittings and their ability to withstand high pressures, ensuring long-term reliability in the field. Her advice helps contractors improve their processes and enhance customer satisfaction. In this episode, Jessica highlights how press fittings offer a faster, safer alternative to brazing in HVAC and refrigeration systems. She emphasizes the importance of proper preparation, cleaning, and deburring to prevent leaks and ensure a solid press. By using the right tools and following the correct process, common mistakes can be avoided, leading to improved system performance. Jessica also discusses how educating technicians and using quality equipment can boost reliability and customer satisfaction, helping contractors achieve high-quality, long-lasting installations. Expect to Learn: How press fittings offer a safer, faster alternative to brazing. Why is proper preparation and cleaning essential to avoid leaks? How using the right tools ensures a solid press and reliable systems. Common mistakes technicians make and how to avoid them. Why educating technicians leads to better results and happier customers. Episode Highlights: [00:00] - Intro to Jessica Slaughter in Part 01 [02:28] - Longevity and Reliability of RLS Press Fittings [04:27] - RLS Press Fittings: Designed for HVAC and High Pressure [06:01] - Testing the Durability of RLS Press Fittings [07:46] - Differences Between Press Fittings for HVAC and Plumbing [12:03] - Common Mistakes with Press Fittings [17:21] - Properly Buffing Deep Scratches Before Pressing This Episode is Kindly Sponsored by: Master: https://www.master.ca/ Cintas: https://www.cintas.com/ Cool Air Products: https://www.coolairproducts.net/ property.com: https://mccreadie.property.com SupplyHouse: https://www.supplyhouse.com/tm Use promo code HKIA5 to get 5% off your first order at Supplyhouse! Follow the Guest Jessica Slaughter on: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/js212/ RLS Rapid Locking System: https://www.linkedin.com/company/rls-rapid-locking-system/ Website: RLS Rapid Locking System: https://www.rapidlockingsystem.com/ Follow the Host: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/gary-mccreadie-38217a77/ Website: https://www.hvacknowitall.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/people/HVAC-Know-It-All-2/61569643061429/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/hvacknowitall1/

Data in ~300,000 U.S. veterans show the 2024–2025 COVID-19 booster cut COVID-related ED visits (−29%), hospitalizations (−39%), and deaths (−64%) over six months, with modest yet meaningful absolute gains. In JAMA Psychiatry, a cohort linked risperidone use in dementia to a 28% higher stroke risk, especially in those with prior cardiovascular disease and within the first three months, warranting cautious, time-limited prescribing and monitoring. An article in JAMA Network Open found restless leg syndrome associated with higher subsequent Parkinson's incidence, supporting RLS as a practical marker for heightened PD risk.

This week on Geek Warning, Ronan Mc Laughlin and Dave Rome discuss why SRAM's battle with the UCI may also prove positive for Shimano.Ronan asks Dave what his workshop wish is, which leads to an unexpected tangent about bike washing. There's, of course, a PSA, which ends up being a conversation about how to align dropbar shifters. And the geeks summarise a bunch of the latest and biggest new tech.Lastly, Zach Edwards (Boulder Groupetto) joins the pod to answer some questions from members in the Ask a Wrench segment. As a reminder, only members of Escape Collective get access to this section of the podcast.Happy geeking!Time stamps:1:00 - A hypothetical question5:30 - SRAM taking the UCI to court, explained (plus a big rumour)10:15 - Waiting on an update to the UCI's handlebar ruling (now out of date since recording)13:00 - Ronan ponders Dave's dream workshop wish 25:00 - PSA that alignment markings on bars may be fictional plus an explainer on road shifter alignment38:00 - Rotor returns to the groupset game, sorta40:15 - Further update on SRAM's Transmission firmware update41:40 - Trek's CheckOut, a full suspension gravel bike43:15 - RockShox's matching Rudy XL45:00 - RLS helmet safety system and Canyon growing the full-service side of the business48:30 - Lezyne enters the rear Radar game50:00 - Ask a Wrench (Escape members only)52:30 - Shimano Di2 rear shifting woes58:30 - Adding shifters to SRAM AXS1:04:00 - Greasing posts and cleaning seat tubes

Welcome back! Today, we will be talking about Gabapentin, brand-name Neurontin, one of the most commonly-prescribed medications in the United States, and we will specifically be focusing on its use in psychiatry. It is commonly prescribed for anxiety disorders, alcohol use disorder, and sometimes even bipolar disorder! But what does the evidence say?Sources: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3619699/#:~:text=The%20FDA%20approved%20gabapentin%20enacarbil,legs%20syndrome%20(RLS)%20symptoms.https://journals.lww.com/intclinpsychopharm/Abstract/2017/01000/Pregabalin_for_generalized_anxiety_disorder__an.8.aspxhttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9507147/https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4732322/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9263379/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28988943/https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7119a3.htm

We've all seen it—or maybe we've been told we do it: twitching, jerking, or kicking in the night. But when does this common sleep quirk cross the line into a diagnosable condition? In this episode, we will:Define Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (PLMD) and explain how it differs from simple nighttime movementsExplore its surprising prevalence in both adults and children—and its strong ties to Restless Legs SyndromeReview leading theories of cause, from dopamine to iron to spinal generatorsHighlight intriguing new research, including cardiovascular links and AI-based detectionDiscuss treatment strategies—from iron replacement to dopaminergic medications and lifestyle approachesProduced by: Maeve WinterMore Twitter: @drchriswinter IG: @drchriwinter Threads: @drchriswinter Bluesky: @drchriswinter The Sleep Solution and The Rested Child Thanks for listening and sleep well!

In this episode of Talking Sleep, host Dr. Seema Khosla welcomes Dr. Gulcin Benbir, professor of neurology and sleep researcher from Turkey, and Dr. Lourdes Del Rosso, sleep physician and professor at UCSF who served on the task force for updated AASM RLS guidelines, to discuss groundbreaking research on periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) that persist after successful sleep apnea treatment. Following the recent updates to RLS guidelines, this conversation addresses the often-overlooked condition of periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD). The guests reveal surprising findings that challenge traditional teaching: while sleep medicine practitioners have long been taught that PLMD improves with PAP therapy, their research shows that 30% of patients continue to experience significant periodic limb movements even after successful OSA treatment. The discussion explores critical clinical questions: Are PLMs innocent bystanders or pathological processes requiring treatment? When do PLMs become PLMD? How should we evaluate residual hypersomnolence in well-treated OSA patients—should we screen for persistent PLMs before prescribing wake-promoting agents? The experts also delve into the complex relationship between RLS and PLMs, examining whether they represent interconnected sensory and motor phenomena or distinct processes. Practical treatment strategies are covered extensively, including the role of iron supplementation, appropriate diagnostic testing, IV iron protocols, and evidence-based pharmacological interventions. The conversation also addresses how the shift toward home sleep testing may impact our ability to detect and treat this important cause of continued sleep disruption. Whether you're treating OSA patients with persistent daytime sleepiness or managing complex sleep disorders, this episode provides essential insights into recognizing and treating PLMD as a potential contributor to ongoing symptoms. Join us for this clinically relevant discussion that may change how you approach residual hypersomnolence in your practice. 

For decades, millions of people battling (RLS) restless leg syndrome were given drugs that risked addiction and suicide—but doctors now admit they've been overlooking a simple fix. Groundbreaking research reveals that half of RLS patients could find relief via bypassing dangerous side effects including gambling compulsions and obsessive behaviors. Health experts are urging the US government to make this ‘miracle natural remedy' the first line of defense.Dr. Bob and Dr. Brockman take calls and emails from listenersHealth Alternative of the WeekHealth Outrage of the WeekProduct Recall of the WeekHealth Mystery of the Week

Story at-a-glance Restless leg syndrome (RLS) causes an irresistible urge to move your legs, with symptoms worsening at night. The sensations are described as crawling, pulling, aching, and throbbing RLS is often linked to underlying conditions such as iron deficiency, kidney failure, peripheral neuropathy, spinal cord conditions, or Parkinson's disease Nutritional approaches like increasing iron, magnesium with B6, and vitamin D intake help manage RLS symptoms without the side effects of pharmaceutical medications Traditional herbal remedies like Dangguijakyak-san (DS) and Shihogyeji-tang (ST) also help treat RLS by balancing blood flow and dopamine activity Exercise, stretching, acupuncture, and other holistic approaches like pneumatic compression devices and near-infrared light therapy effectively reduce RLS symptom severity and improve sleep quality

Restless leg syndrome is a common movement and sleep disorder affecting 2-3% of the population. Certain neurologic disorders are associated with a higher incidence, and neuropsychiatric medications prescribed by neurologists and psychiatrists often exacerbate these symptoms. In January, the American Academy of Sleep Medicine published updated guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of RLS. The recommendations shifted from recommending the use of dopamine agonists, to prioritizing iron evaluation and supplementation, alpha-2-delta ligands (gabapentin, gabapentin enacarbil, pregabalin), and recommending against the long-term use of dopamine agonists. The guidelines also recommend opiates for moderate-severe medication refractory RLS. Dr. Winkleman is a Professor of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School and chief of the Sleep Disorders Clinical Research Program in the Department of Psychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital. He is the first-author on the new guidelines, and is here to discuss these changes and what is needed to effectively change practice. He is interviewed by Dr. Kara Wyant, Clinical Assistant Professor of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School. RLS Curbside  

In this podcast episode with Dr. Elias Karroum, director of the RLS Center of Excellence at the University of Virginia, we discuss the complexities of Restless Leg Syndrome, a disease which causes an uncontrollable urge to move the legs and affects quality of life. We discuss the symptoms and challenges of living with this disease and we cover the various treatment options including natural remedies, iron replacement, medications, and new cutting edge therapies.  Whether you are personally affected by RLS or simply seeking to better understand the disease, our goal is to provide you with valuable information that helps you better understand this complex disease.  This episode can be found on all podcast apps.  #restlesslegsyndrome #RLS #Neurology #sleepmedicine #podcast #healthcare #research 

-We'll get into more from Terry Bradden and Addison Williams later and focus on Ekeler now, who is back as Nebraska's special teams coordinator coming from Tennessee-Ekeler said coming back here “brings tears to his eyes,” and his motto for special teams is “ABT for ABM…All About Technique for All About Money,” saying the more you can do as a player, the more value you'll have in the NFL or other pro leagues. Also, another acronym..RLS for “Real Life Shizz”Show sponsored by SANDHILLS GLOBALOur Sponsors:* Check out Hims: https://hims.com/EARLYBREAKAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

This week, Terry and Joe welcome Dr. Andrew Spector to the studio to share his expertise with listeners. Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a relatively common problem that can really wreak havoc on a good night's sleep. Have you experienced this problem? How do you manage it? We invite you to call and tell us […]

We dive into the evolving landscape of treatment for restless legs syndrome (RLS) with neurologist Andrew Spector. For decades, patients have been prescribed dopamine agonists like ropinirole and pramipexole, often unaware that these medications could worsen their symptoms over time. Andrew discusses the new clinical practice guidelines from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, which mark a significant shift in RLS treatment and offer hope for better alternatives. Learn about the risks of long-term dopamine agonist use, patient experiences, and promising new therapies. Andrew Spector is a neurologist. He discusses the KevinMD article, "The unexpected truth about restless legs syndrome treatments." Our presenting sponsor is DAX Copilot by Microsoft. Do you spend more time on administrative tasks like clinical documentation than you do with patients? You're not alone. Clinicians report spending up to two hours on administrative tasks for each hour of patient care. Microsoft is committed to helping clinicians restore the balance with DAX Copilot, an AI-powered, voice-enabled solution that automates clinical documentation and workflows. 70 percent of physicians who use DAX Copilot say it improves their work-life balance while reducing feelings of burnout and fatigue. Patients love it too! 93 percent of patients say their physician is more personable and conversational, and 75 percent of physicians say it improves patient experiences. Help restore your work-life balance with DAX Copilot, your AI assistant for automated clinical documentation and workflows. VISIT SPONSOR → https://aka.ms/kevinmd SUBSCRIBE TO THE PODCAST → https://www.kevinmd.com/podcast RECOMMENDED BY KEVINMD → https://www.kevinmd.com/recommended GET CME FOR THIS EPISODE → https://www.kevinmd.com/cme I'm partnering with Learner+ to offer clinicians access to an AI-powered reflective portfolio that rewards CME/CE credits from meaningful reflections. Find out more: https://www.kevinmd.com/learnerplus

Welcome to the NeurologyLive® Mind Moments® podcast. Tune in to hear leaders in neurology sound off on topics that impact your clinical practice. In this episode, Andy Berkowski, MD, PhD, founder of Relax Health, sat down to discuss the American Academy of Sleep Medicine's (AASM) recently published guideline update for the treatment of restless legs syndrome (RLS). Berkowski, who serves as a vice chair of the AASM's Practice Guidelines Task Force, provided clinical insight on the reasons behind the guidelines, pointing to the vast research advances and literature updates since its last iteration in 2012. Additionally, he touched on the greatest changes to the guidelines, noting things like the shift away from dopaminergic agents, the importance of iron in RLS pathophysiology, and the use of alpha-2-delta ligands and intravenous iron as first-line treatments. Berkowski also shared thoughts on how the guidelines impact care for patients of all ages, sexes, and RLS subtypes, as well as some of the more troubling parts of the guidelines to write and areas that were left unanswered. Furthermore, he gave his thoughts on how these guidelines will transform care going forward, including accelerating conversations on preventing RLS in many cases in the near future. Looking for more epilepsy discussion? Check out the NeurologyLive® Sleep disorders clinical focus page. Episode Breakdown: 1:00 – Reasons behind new guidelines, progress in clinical research 2:50 – Overview of the greatest changes to the guidelines and what treating physicians should key in on 11:25 – Neurology News Minute 13:40 – How the guidelines address management based on age, sex, and RLS subtype 16:30 – Challenges when drafting the guidelines and the unanswered questions that remain 20:10 – A promising future for treating, managing, and preventing RLS The stories featured in this week's Neurology News Minute, which will give you quick updates on the following developments in neurology, are further detailed here: Neurogene Reports Serious Adverse Event in Phase 1/2 Rett Study of Gene Therapy NGN-401 Huntington Agent SAGE-718 to be Discontinued Following Disappointing Phase 2 DIMENSION Trial Results Alzheimer Agent Simufilam Fails to Meet Primary End Point in Phase 3 Study Thanks for listening to the NeurologyLive® Mind Moments® podcast. To support the show, be sure to rate, review, and subscribe wherever you listen to podcasts. For more neurology news and expert-driven content, visit neurologylive.com.

In this bonus episode, Andy and Alyssa revisit their old game, RLS vs LMN -- with a twist. This time, Andy must guess whether a plot summary was written by R.L. Stine, the Lifetime Movie Network, or Chat GPT. Play along and let us know how you did!Follow @saypodanddie on Instagram, and get in touch at saypodanddie@gmail.com // Theme music by Haunted Corpose

In this episode, (view on YouTube) we explore the link between magnesium and its potential to improve sleep disorders in people with Parkinson's Disease. Magnesium plays a key role in nerve function and muscle relaxation, which may help address common Parkinson's sleep issues like insomnia, restless legs syndrome (RLS), and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD). We'll dive into how magnesium supports melatonin production and its calming effects on the nervous system. You will discover: -How magnesium impacts sleep quality and helps with symptoms like insomnia and RLS. -The potential benefits of magnesium supplementation for Parkinson's patients. -The role of magnesium in producing melatonin and regulating the sleep-wake cycle. -Learn how this vital mineral could offer symptom relief and support better rest for those living with Parkinson's. Don't forget to like and subscribe for more updates on Parkinson's Disease research and treatments! BEFORE YOU TRY: Always consult a healthcare provider before starting any new supplements or treatments. That said, here are some possibilities found on Amazon for supplementing: -Magnesium Glycinate: https://amzn.to/3A8qWIS -Magnesium L-Theanine (plus Mag Citrate for bowel regularity): https://lvnta.com/lv_1j2lt1JE3o8JvJD4Sx -Magnesium L-Threonate: https://amzn.to/3U9XitQ Join our free group on Facebook and be a part of a community: https://www.facebook.com/groups/pdeducation Help to support this channel and out efforts to educate the world about Parkinson's Disease and get access to personalized content:  https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0g3abv8hkaqZbGD8y1dfYQ/join  https://www.patreon.com/pdeducation  Please be sure to give support to our channel sponsors: Comfort Linen: https://comfortlinen.com/PARKINSONSDISEASEEDUCATION (15% off entire order when applying the code PARKINSONSDISEASEEDUCATION at checkout) Kizik Shoes: https://kizik.sjv.io/q4y1RL  Orthofeet: https://lvnta.com/lv_0Pn1TAIM5VDdOHxlYG If you have products that you would like for me to review on the channel please send them here: Parkinson's Disease Education P.O. Box 1678 Broken Arrow, OK 74013 Medical Disclaimer All information, content, and material of this video is for informational purposes only and not intended to serve as a substitute for the consultation, diagnosis, and/or medical treatment of a qualified physician or healthcare provider. Affiliate disclaimer: Keep in mind that links used for recommended products may earn me a commission when you make purchases. However, this does not impact what products I recommend. If I recommend a specific product it is because it has been vetted by myself or based on personal use #parkinson #parkinsonsawareness #parkinsonsdisease #parkinsons #supplements #magnesium #magnesiumdeficiency #insomnia #sleepdisorder #restlesslegsyndrome #remsleepbehaviordisorder #melatonin

Send us a textIn this episode of The Autoimmune RESET podcast, VJ dives deep into Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS), a condition that affects millions of people worldwide but is often misunderstood. VJ explores the common symptoms and how RLS can severely disrupt sleep and daily life. The discussion uncovers the root causes, including iron deficiency, genetic factors, and how dopamine pathways play a crucial role.VJ will also explore the fascinating connections between RLS and other conditions like gluten sensitivity, ADHD, and autoimmune diseases. Learn about the role of the blood-brain barrier and why a “leaky” barrier may worsen symptoms. Finally, VJ shares natural therapies that can help alleviate symptoms, focusing on nutrition, lifestyle changes, and supplementing key nutrients like iron and magnesium.Whether you suffer from RLS or are just curious about the science behind it, this episode offers a comprehensive look at the condition and actionable insights to help manage it naturally.If you are interested in doing the The Cell Health Package, you can find out more here. Want to join my new program, The Inflammation Reset, designed to help you tackle inflammation at its source and reclaim your health? You can learn more here.If you are ready for change, download your free copy of The Autoimmunity Recovery Plan here so you can get started.Or, if you prefer working together 1-2-1 or would like to explore functional testing, you can find all my services here. Thanks for listening! You can join The Autoimmune Forum on Facebook or find me on Instagram @theautoimmunitynutritionist.

For the first installment of the Sleep Unplugged Book Club, we will examine Andrew Spector's new book Navigating Life with Restless Legs Syndrome. This also marks a revisiting of the topic we covered in episode #13 (Restless Legs Syndrome: You Gotta Move). In this episode we will:Introduce Dr. Andrew Spector, a Duke University professor of neurology and restless legs expertUpdate and supplement information from episode #13 of this podcast about restless legs syndrome (RLS)Explore the role of iron in RLS and how to use ferritin and transferrin levels to guide potential therapiesTouch upon the idea that despite different causes of RLS, determining the precise reason why you have RLS may not be particularly essential for choosing therapiesList new treatment options that are not prescription medicationsReexamine difficulties and downsides to dopamine agonist therapiesCautiously look at the use of benzodiazepines and opioids in perhaps a new lightTouch upon other prescription medications that might be useful in the disorderMention the relationship between insomnia and RLSProduced by: Maeve WinterMore Twitter: @drchriswinter IG: @drchriwinter Threads: @drchriswinter Bluesky: @drchriswinter The Sleep Solution and The Rested Child Thanks for listening and sleep well!

A treat for RLS listeners. On this episode of Worth Thee Wait, Dre & Bre welcome married couple Pink Sweats and Bunny to talk about their relationship.Dre IG: @itsdresmith - https://www.instagram.com/itsdresmith/ Rhonda IG: @rhonicakes - https://www.instagram.com/rhonicakes/ Relationship Restored IG: @relationshiprestored - https://www.instagram.com/relationshiprestored/Want To Tell Us Your Real Love Scenario? Visit https://www.relationshiprestored.com/reallovescenario Please like, comment, and subscribe to get featured on the next episode! Leave a review to get featured on the next episode!