Podcasts about meloxicam

On this top 200 drugs podcast, we are covering medications 141-145. Raltegravir, ustekinumab, meloxicam, infliximab, and Nighttime Cold and Flu are the medications that are covered on this episode. Raltegravir is an integrase inhibitor that is used to manage HIV infection and may also be used for post-exposure prophylaxis. Ustekinumab is a monoclonal antibody that can help reduce inflammation by binding interleukins. Meloxicam is an NSAID used for pain and anti-inflammatory purposes. GI bleeding risk is a top adverse effect to monitor for. Infliximab is a monoclonal antibody that can be used for autoimmune disorders such as psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. Nighttime Cold and Flu medication is a combination product that often includes acetaminophen, dextromethorphan, and doxylamine.

See all the Healthcasts at https://www.biobalancehealth.com/healthcast-blog I bet you have heard the idiom, “There is no free lunch”, or  “There is no medication without a side effect”, but did you know that medications that are prescribed by your doctor can have negative effects on your health that are never even discussed with you….so you should protect yourself by replacing the nutrients that your medications  remove from your body, and that must be replaced for you to be healthy. Statins -→ COQ 10 DEFICIENCY= fatigue and depression Beta Blockers -→ COQ-10 DEFICIENCY= fatigue and depression Oral contraceptives and oral estrogen/progestins-→ COQ-10 DEFICIENCY= fatigue and depression Antidepressants called SSRIs-→ COQ-10 DEFICIENCY= fatigue and depression Dosage: If you take any of these medications you need to take COQ10 200-400 mg/day every day! Thiazide Diuretics=HCTZ -→ Magnesium and Zinc Deficiency muscle spasms, prostate issues, constipation Take 50 mg of Zinc and 400-600 mg of Magnesium Glycinate a day to replace what is lost. NSAIDS (Motrin, Advil, Aleve, Ibuprofen, Meloxicam, Naproxen, Indomethecin, Daypro, Mefenamic acid, Voltaren)-→ malabsorption, depression, anxiety, and the vitamin and mineral deficiencies listed: Folic Acid Deficiency- Take Methyl- Folate 500 mg Iron Deficiency—Take Iron Bisglycinate (Ferrabsorb) Vitamin C deficiency—Take Vitamin C 500-1000 mg/day Amino acid deficiency—take Arginine +/- Ornithine. OR change your medication to Celebrex 200-400 BID  PPIs=Proton Pump Inhibitors (Omeprazole, Prilosec, Pantoprazole, Lansoprazole, Protonix) are taken for stomach ulcers, H. Pylori infection and gastric reflux PPIs Increase Homocysteine which increases your risk of stroke, MI, and Pulmonary embolism.  PPIs decrease the absorption of many nutrients.  They actually cause malabsorption of essential nutrients.   Replace these nutrients with supplements, but much of what you take won't be absorbed unless you take daily Probiotics:  B12 – take methyl B12 1000 mcg/day Folate – take as methyl folate 5,000mcg/day Vitamin D – take 5,000 IU/day Note: PPIs can even cause the growth of dangerous gut bacteria causing chronic Hemophilus. If you have chronic vaginitis that smells fishy, it could be your PPIs! If you have this stop the PPI, take Pepcid instead (histamine receptor blocker) or nothing and take probiotics to repair the damage the PPIs have caused. These nutrients need to be replaced to keep you healthy, however it is better for most patients to only take PPIs for 2 weeks at a time or substitute a histamine receptor blocker like: Pepcid, Zofran. Surgery It is not just the medications doctors prescribe for their patients; sometimes surgical procedures can cause chronic diseases through preventing nutritional nutrients to enter your body.   Removal of the gall bladder must be done, yet patients are not told what they can do to be healthy after the surgery. The gall bladder provides enzymes that help you breakdown foods, primarily fats and absorb fatty vitamins from your food and supplements.  If you have had your gallbladder removed you can become nutritionally deficient in A, D, E fat soluble vitamins, and you will promote the growth of abnormal gut bacteria and are at risk for leaky gut, Celiac disease, autoimmune diseases and malnutrition. Everyone who has their gallbladder removed should take digestive enzymes with every meal and take Probiotics daily. Bariatric Surgery for Obesity The last iatrogenic nutritional deficiency that I will discuss is Bariatric surgeries, all kinds that remove part of the stomach, or band the stomach or in any way physically makes the stomach smaller is related to nutritional deficiencies caused by malabsorption of vitamins and minerals.  The way to combat these deficiencies include taking: a probiotic daily digestive enzymes with every meal and all vitamins should be chewable or sublingual to be absorbed from the mucosa of the mouth  In Conclusion: Remember I am a physician, and my job is to promote wellness in my patients.  It is sometimes more important and lifesaving to take the above medications or have these surgeries, than to prevent a nutritional deficiency in the future.  We must follow those medical decisions with trouble shooting addition of nutritional supplementation to replace what these necessary medications and surgeries remove.  That is preventive medicine and why supplementation is often needed for our health.  

Detailed Shownotes for This Episode of The 6-8 Weeks Podcast:-- What is Knee Arthritis? https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/knee-arthritis#:~:text=What%20is%20knee%20arthritis%3F,to%20smoothly%20bend%20and%20straighten.-- What is Bursitis? https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bursitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353242-- What is Return to Play? https://www.nm.org/healthbeat/healthy-tips/what-does-return-to-play-really-mean-- How Often Does Arthritis Impact Construction Workers? https://www.safetyandhealthmagazine.com/articles/20166-construction-agricultural-workers-at-higher-risk-of-knee-osteoarthritis-study-- What is an Anti-Inflammatory? https://www.healthline.com/health/pain-relief/otc-anti-inflammatories-- What is Advil? https://www.advil.com/faqs-en/-- What is Aleve? https://www.aleve.com/frequently-asked-questions-safety-and-usage?gclid=CjwKCAjwp8OpBhAFEiwAG7NaElXGOEjUEaFYifyMEVBvwGwZaj2pvDOTihkIH0ASBdL0rycLV3ewkRoCtXAQAvD_BwE-- What is Motrin? https://www.motrin.com/what-is-motrin-- What is Meloxicam? https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/meloxicam-oral-route/description/drg-20066928-- How Does the Human Bloodstream Carry Medications? https://www.nigms.nih.gov/education/Inside-Life-Science/Pages/A-Medicines-Life-Inside-the-Body.aspx-- What is Prednisone? https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/20469-prednisone-tablets-- Learn All About the Knee Joint: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_q-Jxj5sT0g-- What is Synovium? https://www.physio-pedia.com/Synovium_%26_Synovial_Fluid-- What is a Narcotic? https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/Narcotics-2020.pdf-- What is Vicodin? https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drug_chem_info/hydrocodone.pdf-- What is Norco? https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/040148s073lbl.pdf-- What is Hip Arthritis? https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/hip-arthritis-- What are Meniscus Root Tears? https://tcomn.com/meniscus-root-tears-on-the-rise/-- Be Sure to Listen to Our Episode on Meniscus Tears! https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/74f824ce-3c64-4e14-8c64-da985a8ea19a/episodes/d4b9f236-ce61-4abb-9eb5-dba27edd8a7d/6-8-weeks-perspectives-on-sports-medicine-meniscus-tears---when-should-you-worry-- What is Knee Replacement? https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/knee-replacement/about/pac-20385276-- Learn All About the British Medical Journal: https://www.bmj.com/-- What are the Tell-Tale Symptoms of Arthritis? https://www.painandtherapy.com/blog/5-telltale-signs-of-arthritis-- What is a Knee Injection? https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/hyaluronic-acid-injection-route/description/drg-20074557-- What is a Spine Injection? https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/treatment/spinal-injections/-- Learn All About the Journal of The American Medical Association (JAMA): https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama -- What is a Placebo? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5RhG_ySxhDA-- What is the Value of Utilizing a Placebo? https://www.health.harvard.edu/mental-health/the-power-of-the-placebo-effect-- What is an ACL Tear? https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/anterior-cruciate-ligament-acl-injuries/-- What is Bicep Tendinitis? https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/biceps-tendinitis/-- What is Arthroscopic Surgery? https://losrobleshospital.com/your-health/video/what-is-arthroscopy-or-arthroscopic-surgery-- What is a Hamstring?— A Little Something About Steroid Injections to Read Over on Reddit:https://www.reddit.com/r/science/comments/j32d4q/cortisone_injections_increased_risk_for_knee/— Will There Be Trouble When Getting Injections Prior to Surgeries?https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37058158/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36737032/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35829737/— Should You Get a Steroid Injection Before Rotator Cuff Surgery?https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36734466/ — Learn About the Differences Between Cuff tendinopathy Vs PRP: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34020672/=== Connect with Dr. Brian Feeley:On the Web: https://twitter.com/drbrianfeeley On X: https://twitter.com/drbrianfeeley=== Connect with Dr. Nirav Pandya:On the Web: https://www.ucsfhealth.org/providers/dr-nirav-pandyaOn X: https://twitter.com/drniravpandya=== Connect with Dr. Drew Lansdown:On the Web: https://www.ucsfhealth.org/providers/dr-drew-lansdown

We all have preconceived notions when it comes to "injected steroids". Now - thanks to our three orthopedic surgeons, it's time to learn all about HOW AND WHY, in many cases, injecting steroids makes definitive sense. Whether it be to treat a soon-to-be-vacationing construction worker or a troubled athlete, all of the answers to resolve your questiosn are here inside this episode of The 6-8 Weeks Podcast. Connect with The 6-8 Weeks Podcast: There's a LOT of detail included in this program. Do you want to share YOUR perspective about it? Connect with The 6-8 Weeks Podcast Now! Subscribe to, Like and Share The 6-8 Weeks Podcast Everywhere:     The Detailed Shownotes for This Episode of The 6-8 Weeks Podcast: -- What is Knee Arthritis? https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/knee-arthritis#:~:text=What%20is%20knee%20arthritis%3F,to%20smoothly%20bend%20and%20straighten. -- What is Bursitis? https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bursitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353242 -- What is Return to Play? https://www.nm.org/healthbeat/healthy-tips/what-does-return-to-play-really-mean -- How Often Does Arthritis Impact Construction Workers? https://www.safetyandhealthmagazine.com/articles/20166-construction-agricultural-workers-at-higher-risk-of-knee-osteoarthritis-study -- What is an Anti-Inflammatory? https://www.healthline.com/health/pain-relief/otc-anti-inflammatories -- What is Advil? https://www.advil.com/faqs-en/ -- What is Aleve? https://www.aleve.com/frequently-asked-questions-safety-and-usage?gclid=CjwKCAjwp8OpBhAFEiwAG7NaElXGOEjUEaFYifyMEVBvwGwZaj2pvDOTihkIH0ASBdL0rycLV3ewkRoCtXAQAvD_BwE -- What is Motrin? https://www.motrin.com/what-is-motrin -- What is Meloxicam? https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/meloxicam-oral-route/description/drg-20066928 -- How Does the Human Bloodstream Carry Medications? https://www.nigms.nih.gov/education/Inside-Life-Science/Pages/A-Medicines-Life-Inside-the-Body.aspx -- What is Prednisone? https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/20469-prednisone-tablets -- Learn All About the Knee Joint: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_q-Jxj5sT0g -- What is Synovium? https://www.physio-pedia.com/Synovium_%26_Synovial_Fluid -- What is a Narcotic? https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/Narcotics-2020.pdf -- What is Vicodin? https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drug_chem_info/hydrocodone.pdf -- What is Norco? https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/040148s073lbl.pdf -- What is Hip Arthritis? https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/hip-arthritis -- What are Meniscus Root Tears? https://tcomn.com/meniscus-root-tears-on-the-rise/ -- Be Sure to Listen to Our Episode on Meniscus Tears! https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/74f824ce-3c64-4e14-8c64-da985a8ea19a/episodes/d4b9f236-ce61-4abb-9eb5-dba27edd8a7d/6-8-weeks-perspectives-on-sports-medicine-meniscus-tears---when-should-you-worry -- What is Knee Replacement? https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/knee-replacement/about/pac-20385276 -- Learn All About the British Medical Journal: https://www.bmj.com/ -- What are the Tell-Tale Symptoms of Arthritis? https://www.painandtherapy.com/blog/5-telltale-signs-of-arthritis -- What is a Knee Injection? https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/hyaluronic-acid-injection-route/description/drg-20074557 -- What is a Spine Injection? https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/treatment/spinal-injections/ -- Learn All About the Journal of The American Medical Association (JAMA): https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama -- What is a Placebo? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5RhG_ySxhDA -- What is the Value of Utilizing a Placebo? https://www.health.harvard.edu/mental-health/the-power-of-the-placebo-effect -- What is an ACL Tear? https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/anterior-cruciate-ligament-acl-injuries/

I discuss meloxicam pharmacology, adverse effects, drug interactions, and much more on this episode of the Real Life Pharmacology Podcast. Meloxicam tends to have a greater affinity to COX-2 versus COX-1. I discuss what this means clinically on this episode. Important meloxicam drug interactions include anticoagulants, antiplatelet medications, renal impairing drugs, and lithium amongst others. Meloxicam has a longer half-life than many NSAIDs and because of this can be dosed once daily for pain relief.

This is a Holy Spirit inspired sermon titled: Meloxicam By Erin Nicole. This is just one of many Pharma

AABP Executive Director Dr. Fred Gingrich is joined by Dr. Miriam Martin, Director of Animal Health and Welfare and the North American Meat Institute, and Dr. Michael Kleinhenz, Clinical Associate Professor in Dairy Cattle Production at Texas A&M Vero for this episode to discuss the paper that was published in the Journal of Dairy Science that was the result of the cattle welfare research grant through the AABP Foundation.  This episode of Have You Herd? is brought to you by Merck Animal Health. When your clients come to you with a BRD issue, turn to the experts at Merck Animal Health. Merck Animal Health stands behind you, so you can stand behind your clients. With a broad portfolio of vaccines, antibiotic solutions, monitoring technology and a leading technical service team – they're here to help you tackle BRD with confidence.Visit this link to discover the Merck Animal Health portfolio of anti-infectives for your cattle health solutions.  We start our conversation by discussing a typical dehorning protocol on beef and dairy farms as well as methods for providing local anesthesia to the horn bud. The objective of this study was to determine if the duration of analgesia could be extended using additional anesthesia and analgesia protocols in calves that were scoop dehorned. All treatment groups received a cornual nerve block with lidocaine and the four treatment groups included an additional infiltration around the horn bud with ethanol, lidocaine alone, lidocaine with meloxicam, and a bupivacaine liposome suspension. Martin discusses the outcome variables they tested and walks us through how these measurements were performed by the investigators.  The results indicated that none of the treatments extended the duration of analgesia based on the outcomes measured, however it did emphasize that multimodal analgesic therapy with a local anesthetic and oral meloxicam is the gold standard by working synergistically and providing a longer duration of analgesia. Martin also discusses the opportunities for future research in pain management in cattle, including investigating products and procedures that are practical regimens to extend the duration of analgesia for a variety of painful procedures and conditions. This project was funded by the AABP Foundation through the welfare research grant program. The AABP Foundation funds clinically relevant research that may not have the opportunity for funding through other sources. Please consider donating to the AABP Foundation research projects so that future projects that benefit cattle veterinarians, producers and cattle have the opportunity for funding. Please consider a donation to the AABP Foundation to help fund these research projects by visiting this link.  Comparison of lidocaine alone or in combination with a local nerve block of ethanol, bupivacaine liposome suspension, or oral meloxicam to extend analgesia after scoop dehorning in Holstein calves. Miriam Martin, Michael D. Kleinhenz, Abbie V. Viscardi, Shawnee R. Montgomery, Charley A. Cull, Kelly F. Lechtenberg, and Johann F. CoetzeeJDS Communications May 2022https://doi.org/10.3168/jdsc.2021-0178 AABP Foundation Cattle Welfare Grant Funded Projects AABP Foundation Competitive Research Grant Funded Projects 

In this Podcast Callie Fogle discusses her article 'Ex vivo COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition in equine blood by phenylbutazone, flunixin meglumine, meloxicam and firocoxib: Informing clinical NSAID selection'

In this episode of BackTable Urology, Dr. Jose Silva and Dr. Jamin Brahmbhatt discuss the evaluation, causes, and treatment of chronic testicular pain. The CME experience for this Podcast is powered by CMEfy - click here to reflect and unlock credits & more: https://earnc.me/Ed2uAQ --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSOR Athletic Greens https://www.athleticgreens.com/backtableuro --- SHOW NOTES First, Dr. Brahmbhatt shares his basic algorithm for evaluating chronic testicular pain. He will take a history, perform a thorough physical examination, and obtain new CAT scans and scrotal ultrasounds. He emphasizes the importance of physician examinations in order to find hernias and encourages urologists to ask their patients to name 3 quality of life activities that are affected by their testicular pain. Later, he will use these activities to document patient progress. Dr. Brahmbhatt also notes the possibility that the testicular pain is also a result of referred pain. He makes sure to explain the mechanics of the testicular nerves within the spermatic cord to the patient. He usually does not prescribe or refill pain medications unless they are required for postoperative pain. Dr. Brahmbhatt offers various procedures to alleviate testicular pain. First, he will perform a spermatic cord anesthesia block (SCAB) if no surgery is indicated. This procedure involves sedating the patient and then injecting a mixture of anesthesia and steroids into the highest point of the spermatic cord. He usually injects 30 cc of the solution, saving 5 cc to inject in the most painful region. He follows up with his SCAB patients in 5-7 days and observes for pain reduction. He notes that this non-surgical procedure is very effective in many patients. Worsening pain after SCAB is a contraindication to surgery. The second procedure that Dr. Brahmbhatt offers is testicular neurolysis or microscopic testicular denervation, a procedure in which he cuts and divides tissue microscopically within the spermatic cord. This is a procedure that can be performed robotically and is very effective for resolving pain in patients with retractile testicles. Although he offers procedural-based treatments to testicular pain, he always tries to maximize medical treatment for at least 30 to 90 days. Medical options include: 7.5% Meloxicam, a short course of antibiotics (Bactrim), Flomax (for pain during ejaculation), or gabapentin. He will attempt SCAB first before prescribing a muscle relaxant, as muscle relaxant can be addictive. He also recommends specialized physical therapy for groin and testicular pain. Additionally, the doctors discuss the role of varicoceles in testicular pain. Although both doctors agree that varicoceles are not supposed to cause pain, grade 2 and 3 varicoceles can cause a stretching sensation that irritates the nerves. Dr. Brahmbhatt will continue with his standard evaluation algorithm, even in patients with a known varicocele. He notes that SCAB is very effective in patients with varicoceles. If he has to proceed to surgery to manage testicular pain, he usually includes an additional varicocelectomy as well. Finally, Dr. Brahmbhatt discusses his non-profit organization, Drive for Men's Health, which aims to increase male engagement with health care by organizing road trips around the US and the rest of the globe. --- RESOURCES http://myballshurt.com/

meloxicam Trade: MobicUse: NSAIDibuprofenTrade: Advil Use: Pain, fever, arthritisinsulin glargineTrade: LantusUse: Diabetes Mellitus

AABP Executive Director Dr. Fred Gingrich is joined by Dr. Elizabeth Homerosky to discuss a research project that was funded by the AABP Foundation through the Competitive Research Grant program. Her purpose in conducting this research trial was to investigate if administration of meloxicam on arrival to calves would decrease their ability to respond to a viral vaccine. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of meloxicam on vaccination response and health outcomes on a larger scale in a field setting. Calves enrolled in the study were from commercial farms in Alberta, Canada and were abruptly weaned and transported to the feedlot. Calves were randomly allotted to a control group which received a saline injection and a treatment group which received a commercial injectable meloxicam product. Antibody titers to BHV-1, BRSV, BPIV-3 and BCV were measured on arrival, day 7 and day 21. There was no statistical difference in titer response by treatment groups. Health outcomes demonstrated a numerical difference, but no statistical difference between treatment groups with four animals in the meloxicam-treated group pulled for BRD treatment. Homerosky discussed the challenges she identified in her study with the smaller treatment groups and low frequency of BRD in identifying a difference between the treatment groups, suggesting that more research is needed. The take-home message from her study demonstrated that administering meloxicam to calves on arrival concurrently with administration of a modified-live respiratory viral vaccine does not impact antibody titer response to the vaccine. We also discuss the importance of the AABP Foundation in funding clinically relevant research for cattle veterinarians to use in their practice. We challenge listeners to donate to the Foundation to continue to support our efforts in funding this research. To donate to the AABP Foundation, visit this link. Projects that were funded by the Foundation through the Competitive Research Grants can be found on this page which includes links to publications and AABP conference presentations for completed projects.  Homerosky, Elizabeth R., Michael J. Jelinski, and Craig Dorin. "Impact of meloxicam on respiratory virus titers and health outcomes when administered concurrently with a modified live respiratory vaccine in abruptly weaned beef steers." Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 85.2 (2021): 101-105. https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/cvma/cjvr/2021/00000085/00000002/art00003 

Antoinette's RA started as a small sensation in her thumb, and before she knew it, she was in a wheelchair. Today, she's back on her feet, sometimes even in heels, and she's spreading motivation and inspiration wherever she goes.Follow Antoinette on Instagram @illest.chronicals and @antoinette_chrisana.Check out the website, myimmunesystempod.com, where you can get in contact with Chelsey, listen to old episodes, learn about the RA Warrior Group, buy some My Immune System Hates Me merchandise, and apply to be a guest on the show.Don't forget to rate and review the show, and follow us on Instagram and Facebook @myimmunesystempod***Any information discussed in this podcast is strictly my opinion and those of my guests and are for informational purposes only. We are speaking from our personal experiences and you should always consult with your doctor or medical team.

In this Q&A Episode, Dr. Rogers answers YOUR health and wellness questions! What did you think of this episode of the podcast? Let us know by leaving a review! Connect with Performance Medicine! Sign up for our weekly newsletter: https://performancemedicine.net/doctors-note-sign-up/ Facebook: @PMedicine Instagram: @PerformancemedicineTN YouTube: Performance Medicine

Uma tecnologia revolucionária, que traz uma exclusiva combinação de antibiótico e anti-inflamatório. O produto tem formulação exclusiva com associação do Florfenicol e Meloxicam. Favorece a recuperação, melhora o bem-estar e ajuda no retorno do animal ao processo produtivo. E já está disponível aos produtores do Brasil na rede de distribuição da empresa. O Gerente de Pecuária Leiteira da Ceva Saúde Animal, empresa presente em 110 países, João Rodrigues, fala da importância do Zeleris® e de outros itens do portfólio da companhia. Site: ceva.com.br Informações: 0800 770 0355

Meloxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory non-opioid analgesic medication used to treat osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. A treatment range is often between 5-15 mg PO qd with a max of 15 mg/day. Meloxicam works through reversible COX1/COX2 enzyme inhibition decreasing thromboxane and prostaglandins leading to antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects. It is metabolized via the CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 pathways. The time to peak for tablets is around 4-5 hours with a half-life elimination of 13-22 hours. It should not be used during pregnancy and close to conception. Black Box Warning for cardiovascular thrombotic events and GI bleed/ulcerations/perforation. To avoid and minimize GI related issues take with food. Go to DrugCardsDaily.com for episode show notes which consist of the drug summary, quiz, and link to the drug card for FREE! Please SUBSCRIBE, FOLLOW, and RATE on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever your favorite place to listen to podcasts are. The main goal is to go over the Top 200 Drugs with the occasional drug of interest. Also, if you'd like to say hello, suggest a drug, or leave some feedback I'd really appreciate hearing from you! Leave a voice message at anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily or find me on twitter @drugcardsdaily --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/drugcardsdaily/message

In this Audio Summary Veterinary Evidence author Lesca Monica Sofyan reviews the evidence as to whether meloxicam is superior to carprofen for reducing patient discomfort in dogs diagnosed with osteoarthritis. Read the full Knowledge Summary here. Audio Summaries are a free resource that enable vets and vet nurses to more quickly and more easily access and digest relevant and up-to-date evidence! A time-saving way to make better and faster evidence-based decisions.

“NSAID-Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug” :) --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.22.215608v1?rss=1 Authors: Ruel, H. L., Watanabe, R., Evangelista, M. C., Beauchamp, G., Auger, J.-P., Segura, M., Steagall, P. V. Abstract: Canine neuropathic pain (NeuP) has been poorly investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the pain burden, sensory profile and inflammatory cytokines in dogs with naturally-occurring NeuP. Twenty-nine client-owned dogs with NeuP were included in a p rospective, partially masked, randomized crossover clinical trial, and treated with gabapentin/placebo/gabapentin-meloxicam or gabapentin-meloxicam/placebo/gabapentin (each treatment block of 7 days; total 21 days). Pain scores, mechanical (MNT) and electrical (ENT) nociceptive thresholds and descending noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) were assessed at baseline, days 7, 14, and 21. DNIC was evaluated using {Delta}MNT (after-before conditioning stimulus). Positive or negative {Delta}MNT corresponded to inhibitory or facilitatory pain profiles, respectively. Data from baseline were compared to those of sixteen healthy controls. {Delta}MNT, but not MNT and ENT, was significantly larger in controls (2.3 {+/-} 0.9 N) than in NeuP (-0.2 {+/-} 0.7 N). The percentage of dogs with facilitatory sensory profile was similar at baseline and after placebo (61.5-63%), and between controls and after gabapentin (33.3-34.6%). Pain scores were lower than baseline after gabapentin or gabapentin-meloxicam. Cytokine levels were not different between groups or treatments. Dogs with NeuP have deficient inhibitory pain mechanisms. Pain burden was reduced after gabapentin and gabapentin-meloxicam depending on the pain scoring instrument used. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

In preparation for the main spring planting season, I wanted to release this interview with resources on dog safety. Of course this year with the pandemic a lot has changed, but regardless most of what we cover is still relevant for having dogs on and off the block tree planting! Here is Céline's post on KKR from yesterday for ALL planters with dogs this season: For planters with dogs, here is a fairly exhaustive list of items to add to your first aid + emergency preparedness kits. We have all been warned to come to camp prepared for everything we will need for the duration of our contracts. Please think about what your animal may need in the event of an emergency while you're in the bush! -Veterinary-prescribed parasiticide for fleas/ticks/heartworm (such as Bravecto, Revolution, Nexguard Spectra etc.) -Deworming (such as Drontal, Strongid etc.) -Any prescription medication or pain killers (such as Metacam, Rheumocam, Meloxicam, Gabapentin etc.) -Probiotic (such as Fortiflora) -Benadryl *XYLITOL-FREE! (2mg per kg of body weight every 8 hours as necessary) -Gravol (4-8mg per kg of body weight every 12 hours as necessary) -Pepsid (0.11-0.22mg per kg of body weight) -Laxatives (such as Laxaday or Miralax, up to 1⁄4 teaspoon daily) -alcohol, hydrogen peroxide (0.22-0.45mL per kg of body weight to induce vomiting) -Health supplements (such as Omega 3's, CBD etc) -Manuka honey -polysporin -saline tears -booties for burnt/ripped paw pads -brush, flea comb, tick key, tweezers -vet wrap, bandage tape, burn pads, gauze wrap, gauze pads, cotton balls, moist pads, non-adherent padding -sanitizing scrub, epsom salts, chlorhex soap -q-tips -thermometer + lube -tongue depressors -25G needle, syringe cap, sterile syringes -urgent care canned food -high viz collar, extra leashes, collars, muzzle, carabiner, seat belt attachment, properly-fitted harness -toys, poop bags -portable kibble bag -cauterizing sticks or flour to stop minor bleeding and ripped nails -scissors, gloves, nail clippers -identification: microchipping/tattoo/provincial or municipal registration -food for the duration of the contract, towel, cone, food and water bowls Céline Rytz is a planter, foreman and Joint OH+S Committee member with Brinkman Reforestation. She earned a pre-veterinary animal science Bachelors of Science in 2015 and has worked in several veterinary clinics as a veterinarian's assistant since. She strives to educate and support dog owners in forestry workplaces and remote communities throughout Canada. Céline constructed a project last spring for Brinkman's dog owners, specifically safety protocols while living in bush camp. I spent a fair amount of time researching online for any sort of comprehensive safety manual for dogs owners in the backcountry - whether for employment or leisure - and found very little information that was legitimate and complete. A version of her work was shared at the WFCA annual conference this year in Victoria, BC during the "Dogs in Forestry Workplace" session. Through nearly a decade of planting, she has witnessed numerous emergencies involving dogs in the bush- dog fights, musculoskeletal injuries, marijuana ingestion, insect sting anaphylaxis, hit-by-car, heat stroke/hypothermia, etc. etc. etc... Given most planting camps are a lengthy distance from any veterinary clinic, educating yourself on proper first aid treatment may reduce an animal's suffering and even save its life. LINKS KKR post with Dog Safety PDF: https://www.facebook.com/groups/58909687260/permalink/10157246910172261/ Email: bark@gmail.com

A review of meloxicam going over its mechanism of action, dose, contraindications, and more.

Meloxicam administration either prior to or after parturition: Effects on behavior, health, and production in dairy cows First study to examine the effect of meloxicam administration before calving on behavior, health and production in dairy cattle. Published by Swartz, Schramm, Bewley, Wood, Leslie, Petersson-Wolfe Objective: To test the effect of the administration of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (meloxicam) on the behavior, health, and production of peripartum cows. Hypothesis: The administration of meloxicam before calving would increase activity measures and milk more so than postcalving administration, and that both treatment groups would be more active on the days following calving, display fewer lying bouts on the day of calving, and produce more milk than controls. They also hypothesized that NSAID-treated dystocic cows would be more responsive to treatment than NSAID-treated eutocic cows. Location: Blacksburg, Virginia Methods: Meloxicam was dosed at 1 mg/kg of body weight, and an empty gel capsule served as a placebo. Both were administered orally with a balling gun. Dairy cows and heifers were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: (1) meloxicam administration before calving, with a placebo administered after calving (MEL-PRE, n = 60), (2) placebo administered before calving, and meloxicam administered after calving (MEL-POST, n = 69), and (3) a placebo administered before calving and after calving (CTL, n = 65). To identify imminent calving events, a vaginal thermometer was inserted approximately 2 wk before the expected calving date and a drop in temperature was used to identify cows close to calving. Calving events were monitored via video cameras, and the amount of time that elapsed between the appearance of the amniotic sac at the vulva until delivery of the calf was used to determine calving difficulty score. Eutocic calving events were defined as cows that calved in ≤70 min, and dystocia was defined as cows that took longer than 70 min to calve. Milk yield and components were measured for the first 15 wk of lactation and accelerometers were used to record activity and lying behaviors. Outcomes: Regardless of the time of administration, dystocic cattle that received meloxicam were less active than dystocic CTL. Dystocic animals displayed more lying bouts on the day of calving and then displayed fewer lying bouts and were less active during the days following calving. No effect of treatment was noted on any health outcomes. Eutocic MEL-PRE animals produced 6.8 kg/d more milk than eutocic CTL.

In this Audio Summary, Kate discusses the evidence around whether 0.2 Mg/kg Vs. 1.0 Mg/kg of oral meloxicam provides adequate pain relief in rabbits. Read the full Knowledge Summary here. Audio Summaries are a free resource that enables vets and vet nurses to access and digest relevant and up-to-date evidence quicker and easier! A time-saving way to make better and faster evidence-based decisions.

We discuss how: - Carrie was diagnosed RA three years ago - She's been on Meloxicam, Methotrexate, Embrel and Plaquenil - After starting with the Paddison Program, she's down to only Plaquenil - Carrie used to have headaches and fatigue, and it had an impact on her family as well - Carrie was inspired by so many other Paddison Program success stories - Right after starting the Program she had great relief from the inflammation - One type of exercise in particular was very helpful - Her family support was crucial

Noter og dosis på: SiVP.dk/29 Helle Hardin Poulsen er seniordyrlæge og PhD i anæstesi og arbejder på Hopitalet for Mindre Husdyr på KU Sund. Der har hun været siden hun blev færdiguddannet dyrlæge i 2000. Non-steroid anti-inflammatorisk medicin NSAIDs giver en mild smertestillende effekt og samtidig en anti-inflammatorisk effekt, fortæller Helle. Der er flere fordele ved denne type stoffer, da de har forholdsvis ringe bivirkninger, ingen psykologiske effekter og kan udleveres til behandling hjemme. Helle fortæller også at der pt. ikke er nogen valide studier, der viser om et indholdsstof er bedre end andre. Der er mange registrerede stoffer at vælge imellem. Der er refererede dosisskemaer for Meloxicam her på siden og du kan se den fulde liste på medicintildyr.dk Opioider Helle vil gerne slå et slag for at vi til vores operationspatienter finder noget af det mere ”skarpe skyts” frem og anbefaler Metadon til mange af vores operationspatienter. Ved at give smertestillende forud for et smertevoldende indgreb er med til at reducere smerten post-operativt. Dissociativ anæstetika Ketamin (5 mg/kg IM, 3-5 mg/kg IV eller 0,5-1mg/kg IV før induktion) Ketamin bliver oftest brugt som anæstetikum, men har også en god smertestillende effekt. Ved at give dette stof vil narkosepatienten have brug for mindre smertestillende under indgrebet og have brug for mindre induktion. Samtidig vil stopper det også en del hyper-algesi hos de patienter, der har haft ondt i en periode. Alfa-2-aginoster Medetomidin (1-2 mikro g/kg til præmedicinering og 5-10 mikro g/kg til sedation) Dette stof er god som en del af præanæstesien, da det har en effektiv sederende effekt og samtidig er smertestillende. Det har en forholdsvis kort virkningstid. Lokalbedøvelse Helle omtaler de to klassiske former: Infiltrationsanalgesi og Ledningsanalgesi, hvoraf infiltrationsanalgesien er den klart nemmeste at gå til. Helle bruger typisk Lidokain og Bupivakain da de begge har passende virkningstider og er tilpas videnskabeligt afprøvede. Lidokain virker efter 5-10 minutter og har effekt i 1-2timer, mens Bupivakain virker efter 15-20 minutter og har effekt 4-8 timer (måske helt op til 12 timer)

Die betäubungslose Ferkelkastration rückte in jüngster Vergangenheit immer mehr in den Focus der Öffentlichkeit. Bislang wurde allerdings noch keine komplett zufriedenstellende Alternative gefunden. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, die schmerzreduzierende Wirkung von Butorphanol bzw. der Kombination aus Butorphanol und Meloxicam während der Kastration von Saugferkeln zu untersuchen. Im Teilversuch I wurde der postoperative Schmerz anhand der Cortisolkonzentration im Blut überprüft. Der intraoperative Schmerz wurde im Teilversuch II mittels Vokalisationsanalyse untersucht.

Aus zahlreichen humanmedizinischen Studien ist bekannt, dass eine Anästhesie und ein chirurgischer Eingriff zur Beeinträchtigung des Immunsystems mit Komplikationen wie Wundheilungsstörungen, schweren Allgemeininfektionen oder gar zum Tod des Patienten führen können. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Dissertation wurde untersucht, inwiefern zwei unterschiedliche Anästhesieverfahren einerseits alleine durch eine direkte Anästhetikaeinwirkung (Gruppen ohne chirurgischen Eingriff) und andererseits in Kombination mit einem chirurgischen Eingriff (Gruppen mit einer Nabelexstirpation) ausgewählte Immunzellkonzentrationen bei Kälbern beeinflussen. Verglichen wurde eine reine Inhalationsanästhesie mit Isofluran (INH) mit einer kombinierten Anästhesie mit einer Xylazin-Ketamin-Einleitung und Aufrechterhaltung mit Isofluran (KOM). Insgesamt wurden 24 Anästhesien durchgeführt, jeweils sechs in den Gruppen mit (INHc, KOMc) und ohne chirurgischen Eingriff (INHo, KOMo). Die Zuordnung zu einer Anästhesieform wurde per Losverfahren entschieden. Die Anästhesien wurden an insgesamt 20 Kälbern der Rasse Deutsches Fleckvieh durchgeführt. Es handelte sich um 16 männliche und 4 weibliche Tiere, mit einem durchschnittlichen Gewicht von 81,0 ± 19,6 kg. Im Schnitt waren die Kälber 51,9 ± 22,8 Tage alt. 24 Stunden vor der OP/Anästhesie erhielten alle Kälber Meloxicam (0,5 mg/kg KGW s.c.) und zusätzlich ab diesem Zeitpunkt für fünf Tage das Antiinfektivum Cefquinomsulfat (1 mg/kg KGW s.c.) verabreicht. Einen Tag vor der Anästhesie, am Morgen vor der Anästhesie (OP-Tag), sowie ein, drei und acht Tage postoperativ wurde den Kälbern eine Blutprobe entnommen, daraus die Gesamtleukozytenzahl (WBC), der Absolutwert und die Prozentwerte der Granulozyten bestimmt und die Leukozyten isoliert. Die Lymphozytensubpopulationen CD4+ und CD8+ T-Zellen sowie die Monozyten wurden mit fluoreszenzmarkierten Antikörpern markiert und im Durchflusszytometer gemessen. Bei den Leukozytenkonzentrationen war ein Anstieg der Konzentrationen bei INHc auffällig, wohingegen es bei INHo zum Absinken der Konzentrationen kam. Diese Unterschiede waren bereits am Morgen des OP-Tages vor der Anästhesie und dann am dritten postoperativen Tag statistisch signifkant. In den beiden chirurgisch versorgten Gruppen lagen die Leukozytenkonzentrationen acht Tage postoperativ über den Ausgangswerten, wohingegen sie bei den Kontrollgruppen unterhalb der Ausgangskonzentrationen blieben, jedoch ohne statistisch signifikante Unterschiede. INHo wies auch bei den Lymphozyten geringere Konzentrationen als in den anderen drei Gruppen auf. Es kam aber bei der Untersuchung der Lymphozytenkonzentrationen zwischen den Gruppen zu keinen statistisch signifikanten Unterschieden. Der Vergleich der CD4+ T-Zellkonzentrationen lieferte sowohl beim Vergleich INHc und KOMc als auch bei Untersuchung von INHo und KOMo einen Tag postoperativ statistisch signifikante Unterschiede mit deutlich geringeren Werten bei Einsatz einer reinen Inhalationsanästhesie. Bei den beiden OP-Gruppen war dieser signifikante Unterschied auch am achten postoperativen Tag feststellbar und zeigte sich auch bei den CD8+ T-Zellkonzentrationen. Zwischen den beiden Kontrollgruppen bestand bereits am Morgen des OP-Tages vor der Anästhesie ein statistisch signifikanter Unterschied bei den CD4+ T-Zellen. Ein ähnliches Bild zeigte sich im Vergleich der beiden OP-Gruppen bei den CD8+ T-Zellen. Bei den CD8+ T-Zellen kam es auch am achten postoperativen Tag bei INHc und KOMc zu einem statistisch signifikanten Unterschied. Auch der Vergleich des Verlaufs der CD4+ T-Zellkonzentrationen über alle Probenzeitpunkte hinweg erbrachte einen signifikanten Unterschied zwischen Inhalationsanästhesie und kombinierter Anästhesie mit deutlich höheren Konzentrationen nach einer kombinierten Anästhesie. Zu berücksichtigen ist jedoch, dass die beiden Gruppen mit einer Isoflurananästhesie bereits am ersten Probentag vor jeglicher Manipulation geringere Werte aufwiesen als die Gruppen mit einer kombinierten Anästhesie. Die Monozyten zeigten Anstiege der Konzentrationen bei INHc und KOMc sowie bei KOMo. Bei INHo hingegen kam es zum stetigen Absinken der Konzentrationen. Hier ergab sich an allen postoperativen Probentagen ein signifikanter Unterschied zu KOMo und am dritten postoperativen Tag auch im Vergleich zur INHc-Gruppe. Bei den neutrophilen Granulozyten kam es ab dem OP-/Narkose-Tag in der INHc-Gruppe zum Anstieg der Konzentrationen. In den anderen drei Gruppen hingegen verhielten sie sich genau umgekehrt und sanken ab. Daraus ergaben sich innerhalb der Inhalationsgruppe am OP-Tag, sowie am ersten und dritten postoperativen Tag und beim Vergleich der chirurgisch versorgten Gruppen am dritten postoperativen Tag statistisch signifikante Unterschiede. Hinsichtlich des Einflusses der Anästhetika auf die Immunzellen (Leukozyten, Lymphozyten, CD4+ T-Zellen, CD8+ T-Zellen, Monozyten) nehmen wir an, dass unsere Ergebnisse dafür sprechen, dass Isofluran alleine einen direkten hemmenden Effekt auf die Immunzellen besitzt, wohingegen es unter einem chirurgischen Eingriff zu einer Aktivierung der Immunabwehr und Aufhebung der negativen Isofluranwirkung kommt. Ketamin scheint einen, mitunter erst verspätet eintretenden, indirekt aktivierenden Effekt auf die Immunzellen zu haben, indem es zu einem Kortisolanstieg führt, der wiederum, nach anfänglicher Suppression, ca. 24 Stunden später eine Immunsystemaktivierung nach sich zieht. Lediglich auf die Neutrophilenchemotaxis wird Ketamin eine negative Wirkung zugeschrieben und erklärt möglicherweise das Absinken der Granulozytenkonzentrationen bei KOMc und KOMo. Aufgrund des Ergebnisses, dass nur wenige signifikante Unterschiede in den OP-Gruppen INHc und KOMc gefunden wurden, sowie der Tatsache, dass wir keine postoperativen Komplikationen in Form von Wundheilungsstörungen beobachteten, gehen wir davon aus, dass die beiden getesteten Anästhesieverfahren das Immunsystem von Kälbern bei einer Nabelbruchoperation nicht in klinisch relevanter Weise nachteilig beeinflussen.

Sat, 30 Jul 2011 12:00:00 +0100 https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13923/ https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13923/1/Zellner_Friederike.pdf Zellner, Friederike

In dieser Studie soll untersucht werden, ob eine kombinierte Applikation von Meloxicam und Eisen möglich ist, um die Ferkel, gleichzeitig mit der Eisengabe, für die Kastration analgetisch zu versorgen. Insgesamt 213 vier Tage alte, klinisch gesunde, männliche Ferkel werden nach Zufallsprinzip einer von acht Versuchsgruppen zugeteilt(Handling (H,1), Kastration (K,2), Kastration Meloxicam- Suspension p.o. (M-S, 3), Kastration Meloxicam- Suspension+Fe p.o. (M-S+Fe, 4), Kastration Meloxicam- Injektionslösung p.o. (M-I oral, 5), Kastration Meloxicam- Injektionslösung+Fe p.o. (M-I+Fe oral, 6), Kastration Meloxicam- Injektionslösung i.m. (M-I i.m., 7), Kastration Meloxicam- Injektionslösung + Fe i.m. (M-I+Fe i.m., 8)). Die Tiere der Gruppe 1 wurden für etwa 30-45 Sekunden lediglich fixiert. Die Kastration der Tiere der Gruppe 2 erfolgte ohne Behandlung. Tiere der Gruppen 3-6, die ihre Behandlung per os erhielten, wurden 30 Minuten nach Verabreichung kastriert. Die Tiere der Gruppen 7 und 8 wurden 15 Minuten nach Behandlung kastriert. Vor, eine, drei und 24 Stunden nach Kastration bzw. Handling wurden Blutproben entnommen und darin die Cortisol- und Eisenkonzentration bestimmt. Von einer weiteren Blutprobe am zehnten Lebenstag wurde nur der Eisenspiegel ermittelt. Aus den Ergebnissen der Cortisoluntersuchung wird deutlich, dass die Werte der Tiere, die nur gehandelt werden (Gruppe 1. Handling), keine deutliche Veränderung der Serumcortisolkonzentration aufweisen. Im Gegensatz dazu führt die Kastration ohne medikamentelle Behandlung zu einem deutlichen Anstieg des Serumcortisols. Die oral verabreichten nichtsteroidalen Antiphlogistika in Form von M-S + Fe oral (4), sowie M-I (5) führen zu einer signifikanten Reduzierung des Cortisolspiegels, im Gegensatz dazu unterscheiden sich die Gruppe M-S oral (3) und Gruppe M-I + Fe oral (6) eine Stunde nach Kastration signifikant im Cortisolspiegel von dem der scheinkastrierten Gruppe (1). Der kastrationsbedingte Schmerz wird somit nicht signifikant reduziert. Die Verabreichung der Meloxicam- Injektionslösung i.m (7) und der Meloxicam- Injektionslösung + Fe i.m (8) hingegen führt zu einer signifikanten Reduktion des Cortisolspiegels eine Stunde nach Kastration im Vergleich zu dem der Gruppe Kastration (2). Das gleiche gilt auch noch drei Stunden nach Kastration für Gruppe 8. Die Ergebnisse bezüglich der Serumeisenkonzentrationen der verschiedenen Versuchsgruppen zeigen, dass alle Kombinationspräparate (Gruppe M-S + Fe oral (4), Gruppe M-I + Fe oral (6), und Gruppe M-I + Fe i.m (8)) eine Erhöhung des Eisenspiegels über den Referenzwert von 18,00 μmol/l gewährleisten. Dabei steigt der Serumeisengehalt nach intramuskulärer Applikation des Kombipräparates jedoch wesentlich deutlicher an, als nach Verabreichung des oralen Kombipräparates. Eine Interaktion von Meloxicam und Eisendextran nach intramuskulärer Applikation konnte nicht festgestellt werden. Außerdem war jeweils zwischen den Gruppen 3 und 4 (M-S oral und M-S + Fe oral), 5 und 6 (M-I oral und M-I + Fe oral) und den Gruppen 7 und 8 (M-I i.m. und M-I + Fe i-m.) kein signifikanter Unterschied und somit keine Beeinflussung des jeweiligen Präparates durch die Kombination erkennbar.

Investigation about the use of analgesics for the reduction of castration-induced pain in suckling piglets. This study is intended to investigate the implementation of analgesics in order to reduce pain induced by the castration of suckling piglets. Serum Cortisol and postoperative behaviour are used as parameters. Additionally, the influence on the healing process of the castration wounds is evaluated. 320 four to six day old male piglets with a good general condition and a birth weight over 1000g, are randomly allocated to group 1 to 15. The injections for the animals of group 12 to 15 are blinded. group number of animals application of the agent castration Cortisol 1 Handling NaCl 35 0,3 ml Saline Solution (0,9%) i.m. no 2 Handling Meloxicam 25 0,4 mg Meloxicam/kg wt i.m. no 3 Handling Flunixin 26 2,2 mg Flunixin-Meglumin/kg wt i.m. no 4 Handling Detomidin 25 40 μg Detomidinhydrochlorid/kg wt i.m. no 5 Castration NaCl 28 0,3 ml Saline Solution (0,9%) i.m. yes 6 Castration Meloxicam 25 0,4 mg Meloxicam/kg wt i.m. yes 7 Castration Flunixin 26 2,2 mg Flunixin-Meglumin/kg wt i.m. yes 8 Castration Metamizol + Skopolamin 25 50 mg Metamizol and 0,4 mg N-Butylscopolaminiumbromid/kg wt i.m. yes 9 Castration Metamizol 25 50 mg Metamizol/kg wt i.m. yes 10 Castration Carprofen 15 1,4 mg Carprofen/kg wt s.c. yes 11 Castration Detomidin 25 40 μg Detomidinhydrochlorid/kg wt i.m. yes Behaviour 12 Handling NaCl 10 0,3 ml Saline Solution (0,9%) i.m. no 13 Castration NaCl 10 0,3 ml Saline Solution (0,9%) i.m. yes 14 Castration Meloxicam 10 0,4 mg Meloxicam/kg wt i.m. yes 15 Castration Flunixin 10 2,2 mg Flunixin-Meglumin/kg wt i.m. yes 15 to 30 minutes after administering the substances, piglets are either castrated (groups 5-11 and 13-15) or only restrained for about 30 seconds (groups 1-4 and 12). They are returned to their box immediately afterwards. 2-3 ml blood is taken from all animals of the cortisol-groups before the application of the agents including 30 minutes, one hour, four and 24 hours after castration/fixation, and the concentration of cortisol in the serum is measured. The behaviour of all animals in groups 12 to 15 is observed individually for 20 minutes in the first and third hour after castration. Additionally, all piglets are scanned every 60 seconds for certain behaviours. On the first, fourth, seventh and 14th day after castration, wound healing and general condition are assessed and a “clinical score” is determined. The results of the cortisol measurement show that handling the animals has little influence on the cortisol level, while castration leads to a significant rise of the cortisol concentration that is still present four hours later. All of the tested non-opioid analgesics reduce the rise of the cortisol concentration after castration and a considerable reduction is especially noticeable after one hour. Group 6 “Castration Meloxicam” and group 7 “Castration Flunixin” show the lowest cortisol response to castration. The concentrations of cortisol in those two groups are significantly lower 30 minutes, one and four hours after castration than the concentration of group 5 “Castration NaCl”, and already after one hour they do not differ significantly from the corresponding handling groups. Irregardless if animals are castrated or only restrained, the use of Detomidin (group 4 and 11) leads to higher values of cortisol after castration/fixation compared to the values after the application of NaCl (group 1 and 5). A conspicuous impact on the postoperative behaviour is obvious when non-opioid analgesics are used. The frequency of occurrence of castration-induced signs of pain, drooping the tail and changing the position is explicitly reduced when Meloxicam and Flunixin are injected before castration. The effect of Flunixin is most clear. In this group, the incidence of castration-induced signs is only higher for five minutes after castration when compared to the Handling-group. Animals without preoperative medication show an overall reduced activity at the mammary glands and playing. Results indicate that non-opioid analgesics, especially efficient anti-inflammatory drugs like Meloxicam and Flunixin, are capable of reducing castration-induced pain in piglets. The castration wounds of 76,5% of the piglets are healed completely after 14 days. NSAIDs are incapable of improving the healing process.

Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, die Auswirkung von präoperativ verabreichten Schmerzmitteln (Meloxicam, Metamizol) bzw. des Lokalanästhetikums Procainhydrochlorid auf den kastrationsbedingten, vor allem den postoperativen Schmerz zu untersuchen. Die Untersuchung wurde an vier bis sechs Tagen alten gesunden Ferkeln durchgeführt. Die Tiere wurden in die Versuchsgruppen I bis VI eingeteilt. Die nicht kastrierte Kontrollgruppe (I) wurde lediglich wie bei einer Kastration fixiert. Tiere der Kontrollgruppe (II) wurden ohne Verabreichung von Schmerzmitteln kastriert. 15 Minuten vor der Kastration wurde Tieren der Meloxicam-Gruppe (III) 0,4 mg/kg KGW Meloxicam i.m., Tieren der Meloxicam+Metamizol-Gruppe (IV) 0,4 mg/kg KGW Meloxicam und 50 mg/kg KGW Metamizol und Tieren der Metamizol-Gruppe (V) 50 mg/kg KGW Metamizol i.m. verabreicht. Tieren der Lokalanästhesie-Gruppe (VI) wurde 5 mg/kg KGW (0,5 ml) Procainhydrochlorid 15 Minuten vor der Kastration in jeden Hoden appliziert. Kurz vor der Fixation bzw. Kastration und eine, vier und 28 Stunden danach wurden Blutproben entnommen und ein, sieben und 14 Tage nach der Kastration wurden die Wunden mit Hilfe eines Wundscores beurteilt. Um postoperative und zum Teil auch intraoperative Schmerzen zu beurteilen, wurde die Kortisolkonzentration im Blut gemessen. Die Ergebnisse der beiden Kontrollgruppen I und II zeigen, dass Kortisol nicht durch Handling und Blutentnahme bedingten Stress, jedoch aufgrund der neuroendokrinen Stressreaktion durch erhebliche kastrationsbedingte Schmerzen, eine Stunde nach der Kastration stark ansteigt, nach vier Stunden bereits nachlässt und nach 28 Stunden wieder den Basalwert erreicht. Tiere, welchen präoperativ Meloxicam appliziert wurde, zeigen eine Stunde nach der Kastration nur einen sehr geringen Kortisolanstieg und damit eine erhebliche Verringerung der postoperativen Schmerzen gegenüber ohne Schmerzausschaltung kastrierten Ferkeln. Hingegen scheint eine alleinige Metamizol-Applikation die Schmerzen nach der Kastration weniger effektiv als Meloxicam zu mindern. Tiere, die unter Lokalanästhesie kastriert wurden, zeigen eine Stunde nach der Kastration im Mittel den höchsten Kortisolanstieg. Dies deutet auf mindestens vergleichbare, wenn nicht größere Schmerzen durch die intratestikuläre Lokalanästhesie mit Procainhydrochlorid im Vergleich zur Kastration ohne Schmerzausschaltung hin. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung beeinflussen weder Kastrationsschmerz oder Stress durch Handling und Blutentnahmen die Stoffwechselparameter Glukose und Laktat, noch sind kastrations- und belastungsbedingte Muskelschäden mit Hilfe der Gewebeenzyme AST, CK, LDH und α HBDH zu messen. Innerhalb von 28 Stunden nach der Kastration treten bei keiner Gruppe Wundheilungsstörungen auf, die zum Anstieg der Leukozytenzahlen führen. Innerhalb von 14 Tagen sind mit Ausnahme der Ferkel der Metamizol-Gruppe, die nach 14 Tagen einen geringgradig höheren Wundscore aufweisen, keine Unterschiede des Wundheilungsverlaufs oder der Ferkelverluste festzustellen. Daraus folgt, dass die Kastration unter intratestikulärer Lokalanästhesie mit Procainhydrochlorid die Forderung nach einer Verringerung der Schmerzen bei der Kastration von Saugferkeln nicht erfüllt. Hingegen erweist sich die einmalige präoperative Injektion des nichtsteroidalen Antiphlogistikums Meloxicam sowohl im Hinblick auf die Schmerzreduzierung als auch aufgrund der Praktikabilität als die Methode der Wahl.