Join Chief Economist Mark Zandi, Ryan Sweet and Cristian deRitis as they discuss key indicators and other aspects of the global economy. Contact us at insideeconomics@moodys.com. Visit online at www.economy.com/economicview
The Moody's Talks - Inside Economics podcast provides a valuable and engaging way to delve deeper into the world of economics. The hosts do an excellent job of breaking down complex economic information and explaining it in a way that is easily understood by listeners without an economics background. The podcast covers a wide range of macroeconomic topics, from CPI to oil supply and demand dynamics, providing educational insights that are both useful and informative. The deep dives into macro indicators offer important context, while the friendly banter between the hosts keeps the discussion conversational and enjoyable.
One of the best aspects of this podcast is the mix of discussion, data, stats, opposing opinions, and friendly banter. It provides a well-rounded perspective on economic issues and allows listeners to gain insight into different viewpoints. The guests featured on the show also add value by bringing their expertise and unique insights to the discussion. Marisa DiNatale, in particular, was praised for her clear explanation of wage growth and inflation. The chemistry between the hosts is evident and makes for an entertaining listening experience.
While there are many positive elements to this podcast, there are some areas that could be improved upon. Audio quality and background noise were mentioned as areas that need improvement. Additionally, some listeners expressed a desire for more explanations geared towards laymen who may not have an extensive knowledge of economics. Lastly, there were some requests for longer episodes as 30-45 minutes felt too short to fully explore ideas and thoughts.
In conclusion, The Moody's Talks - Inside Economics podcast offers a valuable resource for anyone looking to learn more about macroeconomics and stay updated on current economic trends. The hosts provide clear explanations and engage in lively debates that make high-level macroeconomic discussions accessible to almost anyone. Despite some minor areas for improvement, this podcast is highly recommended for its educational value, entertaining format, and insightful analysis of economic issues.
Colleagues Chris Lafakis and Steve Cochrane join Inside Economics to discuss how geopolitics is shaping the outlook and the risks to the U.S. and global economies. But first, the team reminisces about Steve's 32 years as “employee 007” at the company and his upcoming retirement. Steve reveals his secrets for “managing up,” and Mark finds out he's been managed all these years. The conversation then turns to U.S.-China relations and the risk of an oil price shock stemming from Israel's attack on Iran last week. Guest: Chris Lafakis, Director of Climate and Energy Economics, Moody's Analytics, Steve Cochrane, Director, Chief APAC EconomistHosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X' and BlueSky @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn Questions or Comments, please email us at helpeconomy@moodys.com. We would love to hear from you. To stay informed and follow the insights of Moody's Analytics economists, visit Economic View.
Samim Ghamami, Senior Economist at the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, joins Mark, Cris, and Marisa to explore the rapid rise of the private credit market. With global assets surpassing $2 trillion, Samim breaks down the systemic risks posed by this opaque yet fast-growing asset class. The discussion delves into private credit's role in middle-market lending, private equity, and new markets like infrastructure and real estate, as well as its implications for financial stability and regulation.Access the full paper, Private Credit & Systemic Risk here: https://www.economy.com/getfile?q=2107637A-C535-4AFF-83BC-6CBA1AD1FAB9&app=downloadGuest: Samim Ghamami, Senior Economist at the Securities and Exchange CommissionHosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X', BlueSky or LinkedIn @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn Questions or Comments, please email us at helpeconomy@moodys.com. We would love to hear from you. To stay informed and follow the insights of Moody's Analytics economists, visit Economic View.
The specter of stagflation is on the rise. While the higher tariffs have yet to translate into higher prices, the Inside Economics team and their colleague, inflation-maven Matt Colyar, argue they soon will. And weaker growth isn't too far behind – the team's recession probabilities are increasing again. Mass immigrant deportations, and Israel's bombing of Iran and the resulting spike in oil prices, also point to higher inflation and weaker growth. Just how serious a threat stagflation poses depends on many factors, the least of which is whether the Fed is willing and able to stick to its inflation mandate.Guest: Matt Colyar – Assistant Director, Moody's AnalyticsHosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X', BlueSky or LinkedIn @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn Questions or Comments, please email us at helpeconomy@moodys.com. We would love to hear from you. To stay informed and follow the insights of Moody's Analytics economists, visit Economic View.
Sharon Parrott, President of CBPP joins the Inside Economics team to consider the big package of tax and government spending provisions making its way through the legislative process. She explains why she's not a fan, from its implications for the nation's already dire fiscal situation to its hit to programs benefitting lower-income Americans, such as Medicaid and food assistance.Guests: Sharon Parrot - President of the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities and Justin Begley - Economist and U.S. fiscal policy SME, Moody's Analytics Additional resources from Center on Budget and Policy PrioritiesBy the Numbers: House Bill Takes Health Coverage Away From Millions of People and Raises Families' Health Care Costs2025 Budget Impacts: House Bill Would Cut Assistance for Children, Raise Costs for FamiliesHouse Republican Reconciliation Bill Would Hard Rural Households, Communities, and Economies Hosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X', BlueSky or LinkedIn @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn Questions or Comments, please email us at helpeconomy@moodys.com. We would love to hear from you. To stay informed and follow the insights of Moody's Analytics economists, visit Economic View.
Dante joins Mark and Marisa for a rare Cris-free Saturday morning podcast to discuss the May jobs report. Given the report's weakness, the team is equally baffled by the positive news headlines and surging stock market on Friday. The team dissects the large downward revisions to the payroll numbers in recent months and whether this signals a recession ahead. They also debate whether the low unemployment rate is giving a false signal about underlying weakness in the labor market. Guest: Dante DeAntonio, Senior Director of Economic Research, Moody's AnalyticsHosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X' and BlueSky @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn Questions or Comments, please email us at helpeconomy@moodys.com. We would love to hear from you. To stay informed and follow the insights of Moody's Analytics economists, visit Economic View.
The Inside Economics crew talks about the latest tariff news, as well as the reconciliation bill making its way through Congress and the long-term macroeconomic consequences of the bill. Mark gives some rules of thumb about the tariff impact on inflation, as well as the debt-to-GDP ratio and long-term bond yields. Finally, the team answers several listener questions and plays the stats game.Hosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X', BlueSky or LinkedIn @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn Questions or Comments, please email us at helpeconomy@moodys.com. We would love to hear from you. To stay informed and follow the insights of Moody's Analytics economists, visit Economic View.
Cliff Rossi, Professor of the Practice and Director of the Smith Enterprise Risk Consortium at the University of Maryland, joins the podcast to discuss the future of housing finance and the potential release of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac from government conservatorship. The team also delves into Dr. Rossi's proposal for fixing the homeowners insurance market and explores concerns surrounding private credit.Guest: Clifford Rossi, Professor of the Practice, Director, Smith Enterprise Risk Consortium Executive-in-Residence PhD, Cornell UniversityHosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X', BlueSky or LinkedIn @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedInQuestions or Comments, please email us at helpeconomy@moodys.com. We would love to hear from you. Questions or Comments, please email us at helpeconomy@moodys.com. We would love to hear from you. To stay informed and follow the insights of Moody's Analytics economists, visit Economic View.
The Inside Economics team is joined by our colleagues Adam Kamins and Justin Begley to play the statistics game for nearly the entire podcast. There are lots of good stats, and it's a nice respite from all the economic drama for the long Memorial Day weekend.Guests: Justin Begley - Economist, Moody's Analytics, Adam Kamins - Senior Director and Head of Regional Economics, Moody's AnalyticsHosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X', BlueSky or LinkedIn @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn Questions or Comments, please email us at helpeconomy@moodys.com. We would love to hear from you. To stay informed and follow the insights of Moody's Analytics economists, visit Economic View.
The Inside Economics team welcomes back Aaron Klein, senior fellow in Economic Studies at the Brookings Institution, for his fourth appearance. The episode begins with an analysis of the latest economic indicators, unpacking fresh CPI, PPI, and retail sales data. Mark then asks the team to weigh in on how recent tariff announcements have altered their economic forecasts and recession probabilities. Moody's Analytics economist Justin Begley provides a breakdown of the budget reconciliation package moving through Congress. The episode concludes with Aaron's assessment of emerging vulnerabilities and potential flashpoints in the financial system.Guest: Aaron Klein, Senior Fellow at the Brookings InstitutionHosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X', BlueSky or LinkedIn @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn Questions or Comments, please email us at helpeconomy@moodys.com. We would love to hear from you. To stay informed and follow the insights of Moody's Analytics economists, visit Economic View.
Will generative artificial intelligence lead to nirvana or dystopia? Great question, which we don't exactly answer in this week's podcast, but we do weigh the most critical downstream effects of the technology based on recent research done by urban economists Frank Levy and Scott Abrahams. We assess how GenAI impacts the benefits of a college degree, the nation's political dynamics, and which metro area economies will win (think Savannah) and lose (think San Francisco).Guests: Frank Levy, Visitor in the Strategy Group of the Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, and Scott Abrahams, Professor of Economics at Louisiana State UniversityRead Frank and Scott's recent research on Gen AI here: From San Francisco to Savannah? The Downstream Effects of Generative AI (https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4874104)Hosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X', BlueSky or LinkedIn @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn Questions or Comments, please email us at helpeconomy@moodys.com. We would love to hear from you. To stay informed and follow the insights of Moody's Analytics economists, visit Economic View.
Moody's Analytics colleague Dante DeAntonio joins the podcast to recap the April jobs report, along with the potpourri of other economic data released this week. Marisa dives into other labor market data, Cris tackles GDP, and Mark discusses consumer confidence. All along the way, Mark points out the thorns in recent data. The team also provides an update on their recession probabilities. Hosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsGuest: Dante DeAntonio - Senior Director of Economic ResearchFollow Mark Zandi on 'X', BlueSky or LinkedIn @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn Questions or Comments, please email us at helpeconomy@moodys.com. We would love to hear from you. To stay informed and follow the insights of Moody's Analytics economists, visit Economic View.
Richard Barkham, Senior Economic Advisor at CBRE, joins the podcast to discuss the outlook for commercial real estate and the economy. Richard is decidedly more sanguine than the podcast hosts. Mark, Cris and Marisa also discuss the economic team's recent win for Most Accurate U.S. Forecast for 2023-2024 by Consensus Economics. They debate how much of the win can be chalked up to skill, luck, or the Chief Economist.Guest: Richard Barkham – Senior Economic Advisor, CBREHosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X', BlueSky or LinkedIn @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn Questions or Comments, please email us at helpeconomy@moodys.com. We would love to hear from you. To stay informed and follow the insights of Moody's Analytics economists, visit Economic View.
This episode marks our four-year anniversary doing the Inside Economic podcast, and we devote the conversation to responding to listener questions. We've been getting lots of great Qs, ranging from the global trade war and DOGE cuts to immigration and productivity growth. Keep the questions coming. Hosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X', BlueSky or LinkedIn @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn Questions or Comments, please email us at helpeconomy@moodys.com. We would love to hear from you. To stay informed and follow the insights of Moody's Analytics economists, visit Economic View.
The Inside Economics team is joined by the former chair of the White House's Council of Economic Advisors, Jared Bernstein. Jared shares his evaluation of what has been a whirlwind few weeks for the global economy. With a healthy dose of humility, the group then debates where things might be headed in the U.S.-China trade war as well as which country they see as possessing more leverage. The group is also joined by Martin Wurm and Matt Colyar to discuss recent financial market volatility and the latest inflation data.Guest: Jared Bernstein, Former Chair of the Council of Economic Advisors under Joe BidenFor more from Jared Bernstein, check out his Substack: https://econjared.substack.com/Hosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X', BlueSky or LinkedIn @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn Questions or Comments, please email us at helpeconomy@moodys.com. We would love to hear from you. To stay informed and follow the insights of Moody's Analytics economists, visit Economic View.
Breitbart's Economic and Finance Editor, John Carney, and the Urban Institute's Jim Parrott return to Inside Economics to discuss the motivations and endgame of President Trump's global trade war, tax and spending policy, and what will happen with Fannie and Freddie. The upshot of the conversation: the trade war isn't going to end soon, and a recession is dead-ahead.Guests: John Carney, Finance and Economics Editor at Breitbart & Jim Parrott, Nonresident Fellow at the Urban Institute Hosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X', BlueSky or LinkedIn @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn Questions or Comments, please email us at helpeconomy@moodys.com. We would love to hear from you. To stay informed and follow the insights of Moody's Analytics economists, visit Economic View.
The Moody's Analytics team discusses President Trump's trade war. Hosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X', BlueSky or LinkedIn @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn Questions or Comments, please email us at helpeconomy@moodys.com. We would love to hear from you. To stay informed and follow the insights of Moody's Analytics economists, visit Economic View.
Mark, Marisa, and Cris break down this week's flood of economic data and explain how new auto tariffs will affect consumers and the overall economy. Their conversation addresses important concerns about the quality and availability of government statistics as they consider private-sector alternatives. They wrap up the episode with the ever-popular "statistics game" highlighting key economic indicators and with responses to listener questions. Hosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X', BlueSky or LinkedIn @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn Questions or Comments, please email us at helpeconomy@moodys.com. We would love to hear from you. To stay informed and follow the insights of Moody's Analytics economists, visit Economic View.
Investing in these especially turbulent times is intrepid. No better person to navigate the ups and downs in global stock, bond, crypto and other asset markets than UBS's CIO, Mark Haefele. Mark discusses his new book, in which he considers the broad global trends – the 5 Ds – investors should embrace. And he offers a few investment nuggets along the way.For Mark Haefele's book, The New Rules of Investing, click hereGuest: Mark Haefele – Chief Investment Officer, UBS Global Wealth ManagementHosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X', BlueSky or LinkedIn @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn Questions or Comments, please email us at helpeconomy@moodys.com. We would love to hear from you. To stay informed and follow the insights of Moody's Analytics economists, visit Economic View.
Firas Saleh, director of product management at Moody's, joins the Inside Economics team to discuss the increasing risk of wildfires and floods. He highlights the growing frequency and intensity of natural disasters and the significant economic losses they cause. The conversation then shifts to the insurance industry, focusing on how rising insurance premiums affect individual property owners and real estate markets. Although markets will adapt to these evolving risks, the transition may be challenging.Guest: Firas Saleh – Director of Product Management, Moody'sHosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X', BlueSky or LinkedIn @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn Questions or Comments, please email us at helpeconomy@moodys.com. We would love to hear from you. To stay informed and follow the insights of Moody's Analytics economists, visit Economic View.
The Inside Economics crew is joined by Matt Colyar to discuss February's CPI report and a rapidly changing U.S. economic environment. Primarily, the conversation focuses on tariffs and the on-again, off-again chaos coming out of D.C. The group also discusses investors and U.S. trade partners' increasingly evident fatigue and whether orthodox macroeconomic principals will eventually re-emerge as a guidepost for policymaking. Guest: Matt Colyar – Assistant Director, Moody's AnalyticsHosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X', BlueSky or LinkedIn @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn Questions or Comments, please email us at helpeconomy@moodys.com. We would love to hear from you. To stay informed and follow the insights of Moody's Analytics economists, visit Economic View.
Moody's Analytics colleague, Dante DeAntonio joins the podcast to discuss the February jobs report, and the team shares their angst about potential cracks in the labor market. The conversation then turns to the potential impact of DOGE cuts to the federal workforce and the economic implications of the on-again, off-again tariffs that has developed in recent weeks. Finally, Dante celebrates his clean sweep in the stats game and Mark and Cris revise their recession probabilities. Guest: Dante DeAntonio, Senior Director of Economic Research, Moody's AnalyticsHosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X', BlueSky or LinkedIn @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn Questions or Comments, please email us at helpeconomy@moodys.com. We would love to hear from you. To stay informed and follow the insights of Moody's Analytics economists, visit Economic View.
Adam Ozimek, Chief Economist at the Economic Innovation Group, joins the podcast to discuss his latest proposal to reform and replace the high-skilled immigration program in the U.S. (better known as H-1B). In addition to immigration policy, the group discusses remote work, the softening of recent economic data, and the prospects for the year ahead. Finally, the group goes around the horn with its recession probability for the next 12 months.Guest: Adam Ozimek – Chief Economist of the Economic Innovation GroupAdam Ozimek's research on high skilled immigration: https://eig.org/exceptional-by-design%20/Hosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X', BlueSky or LinkedIn @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn
Inside Economics was fortunate to have Trump whisperer John Carney of Breitbart News join the podcast to provide his insight on the Trump administration's efforts to rework government and reshape economic policy. Urban Institute scholar Jim Parrott helped guide the conversation. Listeners will get a wildly different perspective from that provided by Robert Reich of UC Berkeley on the podcast last week. Hopefully, these back-to-back podcasts on Trump's policies help put things into clearer relief. Guests: John Carney, Finance and Economics Editor at Breitbart & Jim Parrott, Nonresident Fellow at the Urban Institute If you would like to read more, check out the resources below:John Carney's Time to Put Tax Cuts on the Front BurnerMark Zandi's U.S. Outlook: Wealth EffectHosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's AnalyticsMarisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X', BlueSky or LinkedIn @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn
Robert Reich, UC Berkley professor and former Labor Secretary under President Clinton, joins the Inside Economics podcast to take a retrospective look at economic policies extending back to Clinton that ultimately contributed to President Trump's election, and a prospective look at where the president is taking policy and what it means for democracy and the economy. His advice: batten down the hatches and buckle upGuest: Robert Reich, Professor at UC Berkley and former U.S. Secretary of LaborTo keep up to date with Robert Reich: https://robertreich.substack.com/To learn more about Robert Reich's nonprofit: https://www.inequalitymedia.org/ and https://www.imcivicaction.org/Hosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X' and BlueSky @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn
After congratulating the Philadelphia Eagles on their dominant Super Bowl win, the Inside Economics team breaks down the week's inflation data. Moody's Analytics colleague Matt Colyar joins to help unpack the details behind January's hotter-than-hoped-for CPI and then the group discusses whether their outlooks for 2025 have changed. Predictably, this evolves into a discussion about tariffs. Finally, they play the numbers game. Objectively, Marisa's number was best.Click here to take the most recent Business Confidence SurveyGuest: Matt Colyar - Assistant Director, Moody's AnalyticsHosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X' and BlueSky @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn
Dante joins the podcast to break down the January employment report and provide his odds for an Eagles Super Bowl victory. The job market is starting 2025 in a great place, and the team discusses the implications of significant revisions to labor market data. Finally, the conversation turns to tariff policy as everyone weighs in on which tariffs, if any, are likely to stick around and the resulting impact on the economic outlook.Guest: Dante DeAntonio, Senior Director of Economic Research, Moody's AnalyticsHosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X' and BlueSky @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn
After a brief rundown of the week's solid economic data, the Inside Economics team is joined by Moody's Analytics colleague Martin Wurm to discuss the Fed's recent pause and the path of monetary policy for the rest of the year. Martin breaks down how we should think about the equilibrium long-term interest rate and, in turn, the fed funds rate. The team also discusses the possible scenarios for the Fed this year, given the uncertainty around tariff and immigration policy. Hosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X' and BlueSky @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn
Inside Economics welcomes Wayne Best, Chief Economist at Visa, back on the podcast to celebrate the 200th episode and talk about the state of the American consumer. Wayne discusses Visa's Spending Momentum Index for the U.S. and other parts of the globe and what it means for low, high, and middle-income households. The conversation ends with a discussion of the Trump administration's policy proposals and the implications for inflation and growth.Guest: Wayne Best, Chief Economist at VisaHosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X' and BlueSky @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn
No, we aren't referring to President Trump's inauguration. But we do chat about the implications of President Trump's economic policies for Europe with Cosimo Pacciani, Head of Research for Poste Italiane and Moody's Analytics own Gaurav Ganguly, chief EMEA economist. Inflation and interest rates were also top of mind. If, after listening to the podcast, you know what we are referring to, let us know. The first person who gets back to us with the correct answer will win a cowbell. Guests: Cosimo Pacciani - Head of Research for Poste Italiane, Matt Colyar - Assistant Director economics of Moody's Analytics, Guarav Ganguly - Chief EMEA economist, Moody's Hosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X' and BlueSky @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn
The Inside Economics team is pleased to welcome Glenn Hubbard, Nonresident Senior Fellow at AEI and former chairman of the President's Council of Economic Advisers, to the podcast. Dante kicks things off with a summary of this week's "surprising" employment report. Glenn offers his opinions on the Trump administration's policy proposals and their potential effects on the economy. The group successfully navigates the statistics game through hints and joint effort. Click here for the NYT article referenced Guests: Glenn Hubbard, Nonresident Senior Fellow at the American Enterprise Institute and Dante DiAntonio, Senior Director of Economic Research, Moody's AnalyticsHosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X' and BlueSky @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn
On the first podcast of 2025, the Inside Economics crew discusses the outlook for the year ahead and delves into the Risk Matrix, a visual depiction of the major risks facing the global economy. Mark, Cris and Marisa each pick a risk to highlight and then give their wildest predictions for 2025, some of which are not very serious. To view the Risk Matrix, click hereHosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X' and BlueSky @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn
In the last Inside Economics podcast of the year, the team is joined by our colleague Justin Begley to discuss the incoming Trump administration's seeming view that smaller government means stronger economic growth. Will the new government agency DOGE, a more relaxed anti-trust policy, and lighter regulation successfully lift the economy's prospects? A potentially politically charged question the team works to tackle analytically. How did we do? And Happy New Year! Hosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X' and BlueSky @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn
The Inside Economics hosts welcome Professor Alice Kassens to discuss her use of the Inside Economics podcast as a teaching tool at Roanoke College. Alice describes how the podcast inspires her students to learn about and debate the meaning of economic releases. After a quick round of the statistics game which Alice dominates, the group discusses the effects of a potential government shutdown on the economy and financial markets. Guest: Alice Louise Kassens, Professor of Economics at Roanoke College More Cowbell: Using Inside Economics to Develop Data Literacy and Camaraderie (JET, 2024)Intemperate Spirits: Economic Adaptation During Prohibition (2019)Interested in joining Economic View: Real Time? Take a free trial todayThe Economic View-Real Time information service is the single web-based source that covers the global economy and financial markets around the clock. The service provides real-time analysis of key economic and financial market developments along with analysis of more than 250 economic releases. Economic View enables users to easily access data, analysis of economic events, trends and risks.Hosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X' and BlueSky @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn
Inside Economics had the fortune to have Alan Blinder, Princeton University economics professor, former Vice Chair of the Fed, and author of the recent book “The Monetary and Fiscal Policy History of the United States, 1961-2021” join the podcast on the day the Fed cut rates but warned investors not to count on more rate cuts anytime soon. At least not until Fed officials get a fix on incoming President Trump's economic policies, ranging from tariffs and deportations to tax cuts and Fed independence, and their fallout. Guest: Alan S. Blinder - Professor of Economics and Public Affairs at Pinceton UniversityGet more information on Alan Blinder's book - A Monetary and Fiscal History of the United States, 1961-2021Hosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X' @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn
The Inside Economics team weighs this past week's inflation data and considers what it means for the Fed's interest rate decision next week and in 2025. With sticky inflation, a strong(er) economy, easier financial conditions, and looming tariffs and immigrant deportations, more rate cuts next year appear increasingly less likely, and rate hikes even a possibility.Take the survey on Economy.comGuest: Matt Colyar - Assistant Director, Moody's AnalyticsHosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X' @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn
Mark, Cris, and Marisa are joined by their colleague Adam Kamins and his infamous closet doors, along with Rebecca Rockey, Deputy Chief Economist at Cushman Wakefield, and Chris Leinberger, Managing Director at Places Platform. Rebecca and Chris review key takeaways from their recent study, Reimagining Cities-Disrupting the Urban Doom Loop. Among the variety of topics covered are the importance of Walkable Urban places; the optimal mix of work, live, and play in cities; how to ensure that the commercial real estate mix aligns with the post-pandemic evolution of downtowns; and Mark's prowess in pickleball and the possibly made-up sport of wallyball.Guest: Rebecca Rockey, Deputy Chief Economist and Global Head of Forecasting, Cushman & WakefieldGuest: Chris Leinberger, Managing Director and Co-Founding Partner, Places PlatformGuest: Adam Kamins, Senior Director of Economic Research, Moody's AnalyticsHosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X' @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn
With Marisa out on assignment, Dante joins Mark and Cris to discuss the latest U.S. employment report. After several volatile months due to hurricanes and labor strikes, the job market found its footing in November, with payroll growth reported across most industries. The team considers the report's implications for monetary policy and the long-run interest rate outlook. With all of the policy unknowns, they conclude that the only certainty is uncertainty.Guest: Dante DeAntonio, Senior Director of Economic Research, Moody's AnalyticsHosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X' @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn
Moody's Analytics own Scott Hoyt joins the Inside Economics team to discuss the state of the American consumer, as the critical Christmas buying season is set to begin. Consumers have been powering the broader economy, and the team expects that to continue. But there are a number of consumer-related puzzles, which the team works to solve.Guest: Scott Hoyt, Senior Director of Economic Research, Moody's AnalyticsHosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X' @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn
Joe Hazell, Assistant Professor of Economics at the London School of Economics, joins the podcast to discuss inflation. Joe breaks down the reasons for the lack of inflation in the pre-pandemic period and the primary causes of inflation over the past four years. The team discusses why the average American is much more sensitive to inflation than unemployment and whether the Fed should rethink how it balances the two when considering monetary policy. Finally, the discussion turns to the incoming Trump administration's policies and their potential effect on inflation over the next few years. Guest: Jonathon Hazell - Assistant Professor of Economics at the London School of EconomicsPapers mentioned in this episode: Why Do Workers Dislike Inflation? Wage Erosion and Conflict Costs and The Dominant Role of Expectations and Broad-Based Supply Shocks in Driving Inflation Hosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X' @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn
The Inside Economics team assesses the inflation statistics, and why there is no going back to the where prices were prior to fallout from the pandemic and Russian war in Ukraine. And while inflation has largely been quelled, President-elect Trump's tariff, immigration and other policies threaten to fan inflation anew. There is also the stats game and listener questions. Guest: Matt Colyar - Assistant Director, Moody's AnalyticsHosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X' @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn
Chris Avallone, Head of Merchant Banking at Amherst, joins the Inside Economics crew to discuss the housing market. The group examines the "lock-in" effect keeping existing homeowners in their homes and the "lock-out" effect preventing aspiring homebuyers from realizing their dreams. Chris describes a playbook that local governments could use to address zoning and free up the "locked up" housing market. After a quick stats game, Mark polls the group for their forecasts for when and how the housing market will normalize. The recording of this podcast took place before the results of the 2024 election.For Cris's paper on the Housing Deficit and Housing Affordability click hereGuest: Chris Avallone, Head of Merchant Banking at The Amherst GroupHosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X' @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn
Mark joins the podcast from Europe to provide the European perspective on the U.S. election and how the outcome may affect their economies. The team then dissects the reactions of the stock, bond, and cryptocurrency markets before turning to listener questions. Marisa asks the group for their views on the vibecession, a term coined by Kyla Scanlon, to explain the disconnect between economists and the general public, and the integrity of economic data. Cris's dog makes a special guest appearance. https://genius.com/Alanis-morissette-ironic-lyricshttps://kyla.substack.com/p/the-vibecession-the-self-fulfilling Hosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X' @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn
Dante joins the podcast to discuss the October employment report. The impact of recent strikes and hurricanes weighed on the headline jobs figure, but everyone agrees that underlying job growth remains strong. Cris and Mark debate the reasons why productivity growth in the U.S. has outpaced the rest of the world, but Dante remains skeptical that recent productivity success is sustainable.Guest: Dante DeAntonio, Se nior Director of Economic Research, Moody's AnalyticsHosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X' @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn
Douglas Holtz-Eakin, President of the American Action Forum and former Director of the Congressional Budget Office, joins Mark and Cris to discuss vexillology, potential election outcomes, and the impact of proposed immigration and tariff policies on the economy. After a quick statistics game, Doug shared his insights on the national debt and how the government's fiscal imbalances may ultimately be resolved. Guest: Douglas Holtz-Eakin, President of American Action ForumRead this week's "Week in Regulation" from the American Action Forum: Latest Cybersecurity Rule Leaves a MarkRead Mark's Article in the Philadelphia Inquirer: Weighing the Merits of Broad-Based Tariffs Hosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X' @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn
Ben Harris, Brookings' Director of Economic Studies, joined the Inside Economics team to talk about the economy, the presidential election, and the economic policies of Vice President Harris and former President Trump. The bottom line: buckle in. The election will likely be close and contentious, and the ultimate makeup of government will result in very different directions for policy and the economy's future performance.Today's Guest: Ben Harris - Brookings, Vice President and Director of Economic StudiesPaper referenced by Ben Harris: Immigration and the macroeconomy after 2024Papers referenced by Inside Economics team: The Macroeconomic Fallout of Trump's Tariff Proposals Updated 2024 U.S. Election ProbabilitiesAssessing the Macroeconomic Consequences of Harris vs. TrumpHosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X' @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedInEmail the Inside Economics team with your questions: helpeconomy@moodys.com
Matt Colyar and Adam “Hurricane” Kamins join the podcast to discuss this week's inflation data and the economic impact of Hurricane Milton. The team parses the latest CPI report and debates whether inflation is “sticky” or “moderating”. Adam discusses his work on estimating the economic damage from the recent string of devastating hurricanes. The team also discusses the potential longer-term fallout on housing and migration in storm-prone areas like Florida. For the paper on the impact of homeowners insurance on housing affordability click hereGuest: Matt Colyar - Assistant Director, Moody's AnalyticsGuest: Adam Kamins - Senior Director, Moody's AnalyticsHosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X' @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn
Mark and Cris are joined by Dante and Michael Strain, Director of Economic Policy Studies at the American Enterprise Institute. Dante kicks things off with a detailed summary of the stronger than expected U.S. employment report for September. Buoyant wage growth and upward revisions to July and August's numbers confirm that the economy remains healthy. The discussion then pivoted to the presidential election with Michael making a strong case for status quo economic policies and divided government.Check out Michael's Strain's Book: The American Dream Is Not DeadGuest: Michael R. Strain - Director of Economic Policy Studies, American Enterprise Institute (AEI)Guest: Dante DeAntonio, Senior Director of Economic Research, Moody's AnalyticsHosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X' @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn
Is this the best economy ever? Given the big revisions to GDP and the steady stream of other stellar economic data, the Inside Economics team makes the case that it is. Moderating inflation, full employment, stronger savings rates and steady corporate profits point to an economy that is stronger than consumer confidence suggests. The team also discusses the latest economic proposals from the presidential campaign and a recent opinion piece comparing Mark's forecasts to those of Punxsutawney Phil. Editor's note: Punxsutawney Phil has also been unfairly mischaracterized by the media. https://www.axios.com/2023/01/28/groundhog-day-punxsutawney-phil-spring-winterGuest: Matt Colyar - Assistant Director, Moody's AnalyticsHosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X' @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn
Economist Martin Wurm joins Inside Economics to discuss the Fed's rate cut earlier this week, which was larger than the IE team expected. Martin talks about the decision behind the large cut and what it means for the future path of interest rates and the forecasts for the rest of the economy. The team discusses the rate decision's impact on the housing market and mortgage rates and ends by playing a tough stats game.Guest: Martin Wurm – Director-Economic Research, Moody's AnalyticsHosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X' @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn
The Inside Economics team breaks down the latest inflation data -- August's consumer price index. They unpack the underlying components, focusing most of their attention on the confounding acceleration in shelter inflation. “Eggflation” makes a return to the podcast as well. Nevertheless, U.S. inflation has cooled considerably, and the Fed is set to start lowering their policy rate at next week's meeting. What will that mean for U.S. consumers and businesses? Finally, Marisa takes some listener questions and Matt reads some (mostly positive) reviews of the Inside Economics podcast. Guest: Matt Colyar - Assistant Director, Moody's AnalyticsHosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X' @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn
The Inside Economics crew gathers in Southern California for an early morning reaction to the August jobs report, which they all concur is “pretty good”. They discuss the implications of slowing job growth for the Fed's upcoming meetings as well as the presidential election. Finally, they all give their odds for a recession occurring in the next year—Cris remains the bear of the group. Guest: Dante DeAntonio - Senior Director, Economic ResearchHosts: Mark Zandi – Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, Cris deRitis – Deputy Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics, and Marisa DiNatale – Senior Director - Head of Global Forecasting, Moody's AnalyticsFollow Mark Zandi on 'X' @MarkZandi, Cris deRitis on LinkedIn, and Marisa DiNatale on LinkedIn