SANS Internet Stormcenter Daily Network/Cyber Security and Information Security Stormcast

Detecting and Monitoring OpenClaw (clawdbot, moltbot) https://isc.sans.edu/diary.html/Detecting+and+Monitoring+OpenClaw+%28clawdbot%2C+moltbot%29/32678/#comment Synology telnetd Patch https://www.synology.com/en-us/releaseNote/DSM GlassWorm Loader Hits Open VSX via Developer Account Compromise https://socket.dev/blog/glassworm-loader-hits-open-vsx-via-suspected-developer-account-compromise

Scanning for exposed Anthropic Models https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Scanning%20for%20exposed%20Anthropic%20Models/32674 Notepad++ Hijacked by State-Sponsored Hackers https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/tr-chrysalis-backdoor-dive-into-lotus-blossoms-toolkit/ https://notepad-plus-plus.org/news/hijacked-incident-info-update/ Insecure Websockets in OpenClaw https://zeropath.com/blog/openclaw-clawdbot-credential-theft-vulnerability Malicious OpenClaw Skills https://www.koi.ai/blog/clawhavoc-341-malicious-clawedbot-skills-found-by-the-bot-they-were-targeting Exposed OpenClaw Instances https://censys.com/blog/openclaw-in-the-wild-mapping-the-public-exposure-of-a-viral-ai-assistant

Google Presentation Abuse https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Google+Presentations+Abused+for+Phishing/32668/ Security Advisory Ivanti Endpoint Manager Mobile (EPMM) (CVE-2026-1281 & CVE-2026-1340) https://forums.ivanti.com/s/article/Security-Advisory-Ivanti-Endpoint-Manager-Mobile-EPMM-CVE-2026-1281-CVE-2026-1340?language=en_US Microsoft NTLM Strategy https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/blog/windows-itpro-blog/advancing-windows-security-disabling-ntlm-by-default/4489526

No Place Like Home Network: Disrupting the World's Largest Residential Proxy Network Google dismantled the IPIDEA network that used residential proxies to route malicious traffic. https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/disrupting-largest-residential-proxy-network Fake Clawdbot VS Code Extension Installs ScreenConnect RAT The news about Clawdbot (now Moltbot) is used to distribute malware, in particular malicious VS Code extensions. https://www.aikido.dev/blog/fake-clawdbot-vscode-extension-malware Threat Bulletin: Critical eScan Supply Chain Compromise Anti-virus vendor eScan was compromised, and its update servers were used to install malware on some customer systems. https://www.morphisec.com/blog/critical-escan-threat-bulletin/

Odd WebLogic Request. Possible CVE-2026-21962 Exploit Attempt or AI Slop? We are seeing attempts to attack CVE-2026-21962, a recent weblog vulnerability, using a non-working AI slop exploit https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Odd%20WebLogic%20Request.%20Possible%20CVE-2026-21962%20Exploit%20Attempt%20or%20AI%20Slop%3F/32662 Fortinet Patches are Rolling Out Fortinet is starting to roll out patches for the recent SSO vulnerability https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-26-060 SolarWinds Web Helpdesk Vulnerability Another set of vulnerabilities in SolarWinds Web Helpdesk may result in unauthenticated system access https://horizon3.ai/attack-research/cve-2025-40551-another-solarwinds-web-help-desk-deserialization-issue/

Initial Stages of Romance Scams [Guest Diary] Romance scams often start with random text messages that appear to be misrouted . This guest diary by Faris Azhari is following some of the initial stages of such a scam. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Initial%20Stages%20of%20Romance%20Scams%20%5BGuest%20Diary%5D/32650 Denial of Service Vulnerabilities in React Server Components Another folowup fix for the severe React vulnerability from last year, but now only fixing a DoS condition. https://github.com/facebook/react/security/advisories/GHSA-83fc-fqcc-2hmg OpenSSL Updates OpenSSL released its monthly updates, fixing a potential RCE. https://openssl-library.org/news/vulnerabilities/ Kubernetes Remote Code Execution Via Nodes/Proxy GET Permission Many Kubernetes Helm Charts are vulnerable to possible remote code executions due to unclear defined access controls. https://grahamhelton.com/blog/nodes-proxy-rce

Scanning Webserver with pwd as a Starting Path Attackers are adding the output of the pwd command to their web scans. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/x/32654 Microsoft Office Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability CVE-2026-21509 Microsoft released an out-of-band patch for Office fixing a currently exploited vulnerability. https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-21509 Exposed Clawdbot Instances Many users of the AI tool clawdbot expose instances without access control. https://x.com/theonejvo/status/2015485025266098536

Analysis of Single Sign-On Abuse on FortiOS Fortinet released an advisory. FortiOS devices are vulnerable if configured with any SAML integration, not just FortiCloud https://www.fortinet.com/blog/psirt-blogs/analysis-of-sso-abuse-on-fortios Outlook OOB Update Microsoft released a non-security OOB Update for Outlook, fixing an issue introduced with this months security patches. https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/january-24-2026-kb5078127-os-builds-26200-7628-and-26100-7628-out-of-band-cf5777f6-bb4e-4adb-b9cd-2b64df577491 VMware vCenter Server Vulnerabilities Exploited (CVE-2024-37079, CVE-2024-37080, CVE-2024-37081) A VMWare vCenter vulnerability patched last June is now actively exploited. https://support.broadcom.com/web/ecx/support-content-notification/-/external/content/SecurityAdvisories/0/24453

Is AI-Generated Code Secure? Xavier used the free static code analysis tool Bandit to review code he wrote with heavy AI support. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Is%20AI-Generated%20Code%20Secure%3F/32648 Malicious Configuration Changes On Fortinet FortiGate Devices via SSO Accounts Arctic Wolf summarized some of the attacks it is seeing against FortiGate devices via the insufficiently patched SSL vulnerability. https://arcticwolf.com/resources/blog/arctic-wolf-observes-malicious-configuration-changes-fortinet-fortigate-devices-via-sso-accounts/ ISC BIND DoS vulnerability in Drone ID Records HHIT and BRID records, which are used as part of Drone ID, can be used to crash named if their length is 3 bytes. https://marlink.com/resources/knowledge-hub/isc-bind-vulnerability-discovered-and-disclosed-by-marlink-cyber/ SmarterTools SmarterMail Password Reset Vulnerability SmarterTools recently patched a trivial vulnerability in SmarterMail that would allow anybody without authentication to reset administrator passwords. https://labs.watchtowr.com/attackers-with-decompilers-strike-again-smartertools-smartermail-wt-2026-0001-auth-bypass/

Automatic Script Execution In Visual Studio Code Visual Studio Code will read configuration files within the source code that may lead to code execution. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Automatic%20Script%20Execution%20In%20Visual%20Studio%20Code/32644 Cisco Unified Communications Products Remote Code Execution Vulnerability A vulnerability in Cisco Unified Communications Manager (Unified CM), Cisco Unified Communications Manager Session Management Edition (Unified CM SME), Cisco Unified Communications Manager IM & Presence Service (Unified CM IM&P), Cisco Unity Connection, and Cisco Webex Calling Dedicated Instance could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system of an affected device. https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-voice-rce-mORhqY4b Zoom Vulnerability A Command Injection vulnerability in Zoom Node Multimedia Routers (MMRs) before version 5.2.1716.0 may allow a meeting participant to execute remote code on the MMR via network access. https://www.zoom.com/en/trust/security-bulletin/zsb-26001/ Possible new SSO Exploit (CVE-2025-59718) on 7.4.9 https://www.reddit.com/r/fortinet/comments/1qibdcb/possible_new_sso_exploit_cve202559718_on_749/ SANS SOC Survey The 2026 SOC Survey is open, and we need your input to create a meaningful report. Please share your experience so we can advocate for what actually works in the trenches. https://survey.sans.org/jfe/form/SV_3ViqWZgWnfQAzkO?is=socsurveystormcenter

Add Punycode to your Threat Hunting Routine Punycode patterns in DNS queries make excellent hunting opportunities. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Add%20Punycode%20to%20your%20Threat%20Hunting%20Routine/32640 GNU InetUtils Security Advisory: remote authentication by-pass intelnetd telnetd shipping with InetUtils suffers from a critical authentication by-pass vulnerability. https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/01/20/2 6-day and IP Address Certificates are Generally Available Let s Encrypt will now offer 6-day certificates as an option. These short-lived certificates can be used for IP addresses. https://letsencrypt.org/2026/01/15/6day-and-ip-general-availability Oracle Quarterly Critical Patch Update Oracle released its first quarterly patches for 2026, fixing 337 vulnerabilities https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2026.html#AppendixFMW

"How many states are there in the United States?" Attackers are actively scanning for LLMs, fingerprinting them using the query How many states are there in the United States? . https://isc.sans.edu/diary/%22How%20many%20states%20are%20there%20in%20the%20United%20States%3F%22/32618 Closing the Door on Net-NTLMv1: Releasing Rainbow Tables to Accelerate Protocol Deprecation Mandiant is publicly releasing a comprehensive dataset of Net-NTLMv1 rainbow tables to underscore the urgency of migrating away from this outdated protocol. https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/net-ntlmv1-deprecation-rainbow-tables Out-of-band update to address issues observed with the January 2026 Windows security update Microsoft has identified issues upon installing the January 2026 Windows security update. To address these issues, an out-of-band (OOB) update was released today, January 17, 2026 https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/release-health/windows-message-center

Battling Cryptojacking, Botnets, and IABs Cryptojacking often comes with less obvious addons, like SSH backdoors https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Battling%20Cryptojacking%2C%20Botnets%2C%20and%20IABs%20%5BGuest%20Diary%5D/32632 Microsoft Copilot Reprompt Attacks Adding a query parameter to the URL may prefill a Copilot prompt, altering the meaning of the prompts that follow. https://www.varonis.com/blog/reprompt Hijacking Bluetooth Accessories Using Google Fast Pair Google s fast pair protocol is often not implemented correctly, allowing the Hijacking of Bluetooth accessories https://whisperpair.eu/#about

Infection repeatedly adds scheduled tasks and increases traffic to the same C2 domain https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Infection%20repeatedly%20adds%20scheduled%20tasks%20and%20increases%20traffic%20to%20the%20same%20C2%20domain/32628 BodySnatcher (CVE-2025-12420): A Broken Authentication and Agentic Hijacking Vulnerability in ServiceNow https://appomni.com/ao-labs/bodysnatcher-agentic-ai-security-vulnerability-in-servicenow/ Starlink Terminal GPS Spoofing/Jamming Detection in Iran https://github.com/narimangharib/starlink-iran-gps-spoofing/blob/main/starlink-iran.md

Microsoft Patch Tuesday January 2026 Microsoft released patches for 113 vulnerabilities. This includes one already exploited vulnerability, one that was made public before today and eight critical vulnerabilities. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/January%202026%20Microsoft%20Patch%20Tuesday%20Summary/32624 Adobe Patches Adobe released patches for five products. The code execution vulnerabilities in ColdFusion and Acrobat Reader deserve special attention. https://helpx.adobe.com/security.html Fortinet Patches Fortnet patched two products today, one suffering from an SSRF vulnerability. https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-783 https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-084 ConsentFix: Analysing a browser-native ClickFix-style attack that hijacks OAuth consent grants Attackers are tricking victims to copy/paste OAUTH URLs, including credentials, to a fake CAPTCHA https://pushsecurity.com/blog/consentfix

n8n supply chain attack Malicious npm pagackages were used to attempt to obtain user OAUTH credentials for NPM. https://www.endorlabs.com/learn/n8mare-on-auth-street-supply-chain-attack-targets-n8n-ecosystem Gogs 0-Day Exploited in the Wild An at the time unpachted flaw in Gogs was exploited to compromise git repos. https://www.wiz.io/blog/wiz-research-gogs-cve-2025-8110-rce-exploit Telegram Proxy Link Abuse Telegram proxy links have been abused to deanonymize users https://x.com/GangExposed_RU/status/2009961417781457129

Malicious Process Environment Block Manipulation The process environment block contains metadata about particular processes, but can be manipulated. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Malicious+Process+Environment+Block+Manipulation/32614/ YARA-X 1.11.0 Release: Hash Function Warnings The latest version of YARA will warn users if a hash rule attempts to match an invalid hash. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/YARA-X%201.11.0%20Release%3A%20Hash%20Function%20Warnings/32616 VideoLAN Security Bulletin VLC 3.0.22 CVE-2025-51602 VideoLAN fixed several vulnerabilities in its VLC software. https://www.videolan.org/security/sb-vlc3022.html Apache NimBLE Bluetooth vulnerabilities NimBLE is a Bluetooth stack popular in IoT devices. An update fixes some eavesdropping and pairing vulnerabilities. https://mynewt.apache.org/cve/

Analysis using Gephi with DShield Sensor Data Gephi is a neat tool to create interactive data visualizations. It can be applied to honeypot data to find data clusters. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Analysis%20using%20Gephi%20with%20DShield%20Sensor%20Data/32608 zlib v1.3.1.2 Global Buffer Overflow in TGZfname() of zlib untgz Utility The untgz utility that is part of zlib suffers from a straightforward buffer overflow in the filename parameter https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2026/Jan/3 GnuPG Vulnerabilities Several vulnerabilities in GnuPG were disclosed during a recent talk at the CCC congress. https://gpg.fail Cisco DNS Bug Reboot Last night, several Cisco users reported that their switches rebooted. The issue appears to be related to a change Cloudflare made in the order of CNAME records. Only users using 1.1.1.1 as a recursive resolver appear to be affected. https://community.cisco.com/t5/switches-small-business/got-fatal-error-cbs350-24t-4g/td-p/5359883?utm_source=chatgpt.com

A phishing campaign with QR codes rendered using an HTML table Phishing emails are bypassing filters by encoding QR codes as HTML tables. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/A%20phishing%20campaign%20with%20QR%20codes%20rendered%20using%20an%20HTML%20table/32606 n8n vulnerabilities In recent days, several new n8n vulnerabilities were disclosed. Ensure that you update any on-premises installations and carefully consider what to use n8n for. https://www.cyera.com/research-labs/ni8mare-unauthenticated-remote-code-execution-in-n8n-cve-2026-21858 https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-v4pr-fm98-w9pg Power bank feature creep is out of control Simple power banks are increasingly equipped with advanced features, including networking, which may expose them to security risks. https://www.theverge.com/tech/856225/power-banks-are-the-latest-victims-of-feature-creep

Tool Review: Tailsnitch Tailsnitch is a tool to audit your Tailscale configuration. It does a comprehensive analysis of your configuration and suggests (or even applies) fixes. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Tool%20Review%3A%20Tailsnitch/32602 D-Link DSL Command Injection via DNS Configuration Endpoint A new vulnerability in very old D-Link DSL modems is currently being exploited. https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/dlink-dsl-command-injection-via-dns-configuration-endpoint TOTOLINK EX200 firmware-upload error handling can activate an unauthenticated root telnet service TOTOLINK extenders may start a telnet server and allow unauthenticated access if a firmware update fails. https://kb.cert.org/vuls/id/295169

Risks of OOB Access via IP KVM Devices Recently, cheap IP KVMs have become popular. But their deployment needs to be secured. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Risks%20of%20OOB%20Access%20via%20IP%20KVM%20Devices/32598 Tailsnitch Tailsnitch is a tool to review your Tailscale configuration for vulnerabilities https://github.com/Adversis/tailsnitch Net-SNMP snmptrapd vulnerability A new vulnerability in snmptrapd may lead to remote code execution https://github.com/net-snmp/net-snmp/security/advisories/GHSA-4389-rwqf-q9gq

Cryptocurrency Scam Emails and Web Pages As We Enter 2026 Scam emails are directing victims to confidence scams attempting to steal cryptocurrencies. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Cryptocurrency%20Scam%20Emails%20and%20Web%20Pages%20As%20We%20Enter%202026/32594 Debugging DNS response times with tshark tshark is a powerful tool to debug DNS timing issues. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Debugging+DNS+response+times+with+tshark/32592/ Old Fortinet Devices Have not been updated Over 10,000 Fortinet devices are still vulnerable to a five year old vulnerability https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/over-10-000-fortinet-firewalls-exposed-to-ongoing-2fa-bypass-attacks/

MongoDB Unauthenticated Attacker Sensitive Memory Leak CVE-2025-14847 Over the Christmas holiday, MongoDB patched a sensitive memory leak vulnerability that is now actively being exploited https://www.mongodb.com/community/forums/t/important-mongodb-patch-available/332977 https://github.com/mongodb/mongo/commit/505b660a14698bd2b5233bd94da3917b585c5728 https://www.ox.security/blog/attackers-could-exploit-zlib-to-exfiltrate-data-cve-2025-14847/ https://github.com/joe-desimone/mongobleed/

DLLs & TLS Callbacks As a follow-up to last week's diary about DLL Entrypoints, Didier is looking at TLS ( Thread Local Storage ) and how it can be abused. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/DLLs%20%26%20TLS%20Callbacks/32580 FreeBSD Remote code execution via ND6 Router Advertisements A critical vulnerability in FreeBSD allows for remote code execution. But an attacker must be on the same network. https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-25:12.rtsold.asc NIST Time Server Problems The atomic ensemble time scale at the NIST Boulder campus has failed due to a prolonged utility power outage. One impact is that the Boulder Internet Time Services no longer have an accurate time reference. https://tf.nist.gov/tf-cgi/servers.cgi https://groups.google.com/a/list.nist.gov/g/internet-time-service/c/o0dDDcr1a8I

Positive trends related to public IP range from the year 2025 Fewer ICS systems, as well as fewer systems with outdated SSL versions, are exposed to the internet than before. The trend isn t quite clean for ISC, but SSL2 and SSL3 systems have been cut down by about half. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Positive%20trends%20related%20to%20public%20IP%20ranges%20from%20the%20year%202025/32584 Hewlett-Packard Enterprise OneView Software, Remote Code Execution HPs OneView Software allows for unauthenticated code execution https://support.hpe.com/hpesc/public/docDisplay?docId=hpesbgn04985en_us&docLocale=en_US#vulnerability-summary-1 Trufflehog Detecting JWTs with Public Keys Trufflehog added the ability to detect JWT tokens and validate them using public keys. https://trufflesecurity.com/blog/trufflehog-now-detects-jwts-with-public-key-signatures-and-verifies-them-for-liveness

Maybe a Little Bit More Interesting React2Shell Exploit Attackers are branching out to attack applications that initial exploits may have missed. The latest wave of attacks is going after less common endpoints and attempting to exploit applications that do not have Next.js exposed. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Maybe%20a%20Little%20Bit%20More%20Interesting%20React2Shell%20Exploit/32578 UAT-9686 actively targets Cisco Secure Email Gateway and Secure Email and Web Manager Cisco s Security Email Gateway and Secure Email and Web Manager patch an already-exploited vulnerability. https://blog.talosintelligence.com/uat-9686/ https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-sma-attack-N9bf4 SONICWALL SMA1000 APPLIANCE LOCAL PRIVILEGE ESCALATION VULNERABILITY A local privilege escalation vulnerability, which SonicWall patched today, is already being exploited. https://psirt.global.sonicwall.com/vuln-detail/SNWLID-2025-0019 Google releases vulnerability details Google updated last week s advisory by adding a CVE to the mystery vulnerability and adding a statement that it affects WebGPU. No new patch was released. https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2025/12/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_16.html

Beyond RC4 for Windows authentication Microsoft outlined its transition plan to move away from RC4 for authentication and published guidance and tools to facilitate this change. https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/blog/2025/12/03/beyond-rc4-for-windows-authentication FortiCloud SSO Login Vuln Exploited Arctic Wolf observed exploit attempts against vulnerable FortiGate appliances. https://arcticwolf.com/resources/blog/arctic-wolf-observes-malicious-sso-logins-following-disclosure-cve-2025-59718-cve-2025-59719/ FrePBX Vulnerability Horizon3.ai identified three distinct vulnerabilities in FreePBX. In particular, the authentication by-pass issue should be of concern, but default FreePBX installs do not use the vulnerable web authentication feature. https://horizon3.ai/attack-research/the-freepbx-rabbit-hole-cve-2025-66039-and-others/

More React2Shell Exploits CVE-2025-55182 Our honeypots continue to detect numerous React2Shell variants. Some using slightly modified exploits https://isc.sans.edu/diary/More%20React2Shell%20Exploits%20CVE-2025-55182/32572 The Fragile Lock: Novel Bypasses For SAML Authentication SAML is a tricky protocol to implement correctly, in particular if different XML parsers are used that may not always agree on how to parse a specific message https://portswigger.net/research/the-fragile-lock December Updates Causes issues with Microsoft Message Queuing https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/release-health/status-windows-10-22h2#message-queuing--msmq--might-fail-with-the-december-2025-windows-security-update

Abusing DLLs EntryPoint for the Fun DLLs will not just execute code when some of their functions are called, but also as they are loaded. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Abusing%20DLLs%20EntryPoint%20for%20the%20Fun/32562 Apple Patches Everything: December 2025 Edition Apple released patches for all of its operating systems, fixing two already exploited vulnerabilities. ClickFix Attacks Still Using the Finger ClickFix Attacks Still Using the Finger Two examples of ClickFix attacks abusing the finger protocol to load additional malware Denial of Service and Source Code Exposure in React Server Components Denial of Service and Source Code Exposure in React Server Components After last week's critical patch, three more, but less critical, vulnerabilities were identified in React Server Components. https://react.dev/blog/2025/12/11/denial-of-service-and-source-code-exposure-in-react-server-components

Using AI Gemma 3 Locally with a Single CPU Installing AI models on modes hardware is possible and can be useful to experiment with these models on premise https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Using%20AI%20Gemma%203%20Locally%20with%20a%20Single%20CPU%20/32556 Mystery Google Chrome 0-Day Vulnerability Google released an update for Google Chrome fixing a vulnerability that is already being exploited, but has not CVE number assigned to it yet https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2025/12/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_10.html SOAPwn: Pwning NET Framework Applications Through HTTP Client Proxies And WSDL Watchtwr identified a common vulnerability in SOAP implementations using .Net https://labs.watchtowr.com/soapwn-pwning-net-framework-applications-through-http-client-proxies-and-wsdl/

Possible exploit variant for CVE-2024-9042 (Kubernetes OS Command Injection) We observed HTTP requests with our honeypot that may be indicative of a new version of an exploit against an older vulnerability. Help us figure out what is going on. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Possible%20exploit%20variant%20for%20CVE-2024-9042%20%28Kubernetes%20OS%20Command%20Injection%29/32554 React2Shell: Technical Deep-Dive & In-the-Wild Exploitation of CVE-2025-55182 Wiz has a writeup with more background on the React2Shell vulnerability and current attacks https://www.wiz.io/blog/nextjs-cve-2025-55182-react2shell-deep-dive Notepad++ Update Hijacking Notepad++ s vulnerable update process was exploited https://notepad-plus-plus.org/news/v889-released/ New macOS PackageKit Privilege Escalation A PoC was released for a new privilege escalation vulnerability in macOS. Currently, there is no patch. https://khronokernel.com/macos/2024/06/03/CVE-2024-27822.html

Microsoft Patch Tuesday Microsoft released its regular monthly patch on Tuesday, addressing 57 flaws. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Microsoft%20Patch%20Tuesday%20December%202025/32550 Adobe Patches Adobe patched five products. The remote code execution in ColdFusion, as well as the code execution issue in Acrobat, will very likely see exploits soon. https://helpx.adobe.com/security.html Ivanti Endpoint Manager Patches Ivanti patched four vulnerabilities in End Point Manager. https://forums.ivanti.com/s/article/Security-Advisory-EPM-December-2025-for-EPM-2024?language=en_US Fortinet FortiCloud SSO Vulnerability Due to a cryptographic vulnerability, Forinet s FortiCloud SSO authentication is bypassable. https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-647 ruby-saml vulnerability Ruby fixed a vulnerability in ruby-saml. The issue is due to an incomplete patch for another vulnerability a few months ago. https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-9v8j-x534-2fx3

nanoKVM Vulnerabilities The nanoKVM device updates firmware insecurely; however, the microphone that the authors of the advisory referred to as undocumented may actually be documented in the underlying hardware description. https://www.tomshardware.com/tech-industry/cyber-security/researcher-finds-undocumented-microphone-and-major-security-flaws-in-sipeed-nanokvm Ghostframe Phishing Kit The Ghostframe phishing kit uses iFrames and random subdomains to evade detection https://blog.barracuda.com/2025/12/04/threat-spotlight-ghostframe-phishing-kit WatchGuard Advisory WatchGuard released an update for its Firebox appliance, fixing ten vulnerabilities. Five of these are rated as High. https://www.watchguard.com/wgrd-psirt/advisories

AutoIT3 Compiled Scripts Dropping Shellcodes Malicious AutoIT3 scripts are usign the FileInstall function to include additional scripts at compile time that are dropped as temporary files during execution. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/AutoIT3%20Compiled%20Scripts%20Dropping%20Shellcodes/32542 React2Shell Update The race is on to patch vulnerable systems. Various groups are aggressively scanning the internet with different exploit variants. Some attempt to bypass WAFs. https://blog.cloudflare.com/5-december-2025-outage/ https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/security/china-nexus-cyber-threat-groups-rapidly-exploit-react2shell-vulnerability-cve-2025-55182/ Apache Tika XXE Flaw Apache s Tika library patched a XXE flaw. https://lists.apache.org/thread/s5x3k93nhbkqzztp1olxotoyjpdlps9k

Nation-State Attack or Compromised Government? [Guest Diary] An IP address associated with the Indonesian Government attacked one of our interns' honeypots. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Nation-State%20Attack%20or%20Compromised%20Government%3F%20%5BGuest%20Diary%5D/32536 React Update Working exploits for the React vulnerability patched yesterday are not widely available Array Networks Array AG Vulnerablity A recently patched vulnerability in Array Networks Array AG VPN gateways is actively exploited. https://www.jpcert.or.jp/at/2025/at250024.html

Attempts to Bypass CDNs Our honeypots recently started receiving scans that included CDN specific headers. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Attempts%20to%20Bypass%20CDNs/32532 React Vulnerability CVE-2025-55182 React patched a critical vulnerability in React server components. Exploitation is likely imminent. https://react.dev/blog/2025/12/03/critical-security-vulnerability-in-react-server-components Unveiling 3 PickleScan Vulnerabilities The PyTorch AI model security tool, PickleScan, has patched three critical vulnerabilities. https://jfrog.com/blog/unveiling-3-zero-day-vulnerabilities-in-picklescan/

SmartTube Android App Compromise The key a developer used to sign the Android YouTube player SmartTube was compromised and used to publish a malicious version. https://github.com/yuliskov/SmartTube/issues/5131#issue-3670629826 https://github.com/yuliskov/SmartTube/releases/tag/notification Two Years, 17K Downloads: The NPM Malware That Tried to Gaslight Security Scanners Over the course of two years, a malicious NPM package was updated to evade detection and has now been identified, in part, due to its attempt to bypass AI scanners through prompt injection. https://www.koi.ai/blog/two-years-17k-downloads-the-npm-malware-that-tried-to-gaslight-security-scanners Stored XSS Vulnerability via SVG Animation, SVG URL, and MathML Attributes Angular fixed a store XSS vulnerability. https://github.com/angular/angular/security/advisories/GHSA-v4hv-rgfq-gp49

Hunting for SharePoint In-Memory ToolShell Payloads A walk-through showing how to analyze ToolShell payloads, starting with acquiring packets all the way to decoding embedded PowerShell commands. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/%5BGuest%20Diary%5D%20Hunting%20for%20SharePoint%20In-Memory%20ToolShell%20Payloads/32524 Android Security Bulletin December 2025 Google fixed numerous vulnerabilities with its December Android update. Two of these vulnerabilities are already being exploited. https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin/2025-12-01 4.3 Million Browsers Infected: Inside ShadyPanda's 7-Year Malware Campaign A group or individual released several browser extensions that worked fine for years until an update injected malicious code into the extension https://www.koi.ai/blog/4-million-browsers-infected-inside-shadypanda-7-year-malware-campaign

Fake adult websites pop realistic Windows Update screen to deliver stealers via ClickFix The latest variant of ClickFix tricks users into copy/pasting commands by displaying a fake blue screen of death. https://www.acronis.com/en/tru/posts/fake-adult-websites-pop-realistic-windows-update-screen-to-deliver-stealers-via-clickfix/ B2B Guest Access Creates an Unprotected Attack Vector Users may be tricked into joining an external Teams workspace as a guest, bypassing protections typically enabled for Teams workspaces. https://www.ontinue.com/resource/blog-microsoft-chat-with-anyone-understanding-phishing-risk/ Geoserver XXE Vulnerability CVE-2025-58360 Geoserver patched an external XML entity (XXE) vulnerability. https://helixguard.ai/blog/CVE-2025-58360

Spyware Allows Cyber Threat Actors to Target Users of Messaging Applications Spyware attacks messaging applications in part by triggering vulnerabilities in messaging applications but also by deploying tools like keystroke loggers and screenshot applications. https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/alerts/2025/11/24/spyware-allows-cyber-threat-actors-target-users-messaging-applications Stop Putting Your Passwords Into Random Websites Yes. Just Stop! https://labs.watchtowr.com/stop-putting-your-passwords-into-random-websites-yes-seriously-you-are-the-problem/ Fluentbit Vulnerability https://www.oligo.security/blog/critical-vulnerabilities-in-fluent-bit-expose-cloud-environments-to-remote-takeover Happy Thanksgiving. Next podcast on Monday after Thanksgiving.

Conflicts between URL mapping and URL based access control. Mapping different URLs to the same script, and relying on URL based authentication at the same time, may lead to dangerous authentication and access control gaps. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Conflicts%20between%20URL%20mapping%20and%20URL%20based%20access%20control./32518 Sha1-Hulud, The Second Coming A new, destructive variant of the Shai-Hulud worm is currently spreading through NPM/Github repos. https://www.koi.ai/incident/live-updates-sha1-hulud-the-second-coming-hundred-npm-packages-compromised Hacklore: Cleaning up Outdated Security Advice A new website, hacklore.org, has published an open letter from former CISOs and other security leaders aimed at addressing some outdated security advice that is often repeated. https://www.hacklore.org

Use of CSS stuffing as an obfuscation technique? Phishing sites stuff their HTML with benign CSS code. This is likely supposed to throw of simple detection engines https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Use%20of%20CSS%20stuffing%20as%20an%20obfuscation%20technique%3F/32510 Critical Oracle Identity Manager Flaw Possibly Exploited as Zero-Day Early exploit attempts for the vulnerability were part of Searchlight Cyber s research effort https://www.securityweek.com/critical-oracle-identity-manager-flaw-possibly-exploited-as-zero-day/ ClamAV Cleaning Signature Database ClamAV will significantly clean up its signature database https://blog.clamav.net/2025/11/clamav-signature-retirement-announcement.html

Oracle Identity Manager Exploit Observation from September (CVE-2025-61757) We observed some exploit attempts in September against an Oracle Identity Manager vulnerability that was patched in October, indicating that exploitation may have occurred prior to the patch being released. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Oracle%20Identity%20Manager%20Exploit%20Observation%20from%20September%20%28CVE-2025-61757%29/32506 https://slcyber.io/research-center/breaking-oracles-identity-manager-pre-auth-rce/ DigitStealer: a JXA-based infostealer that leaves little footprint https://www.jamf.com/blog/jtl-digitstealer-macos-infostealer-analysis/ SonicWall DoS Vulnerability Sonicwall patched a DoS vulnerability in SonicOS https://psirt.global.sonicwall.com/vuln-detail/SNWLID-2025-0016 Adam Wilson: Automating Generative AI Guidelines: Reducing Prompt Injection Risk with 'Shift-Left' MITRE ATLAS Mitigation Testing

Unicode: It is more than funny domain names. Unicode can cause a number of issues due to odd features like variance selectors and text direction issues. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Unicode%3A%20It%20is%20more%20than%20funny%20domain%20names./32472 FortiWeb Multiple OS command injection in API and CLI A second silently patched vulnerability in FortiWeb is already being exploited in the wild. https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-513 DLink DIR-878 Vulnerability DLink disclosed four different vulnerabilities in its popular DIR-878 router. The router is end-of-life and DLink will not release patches https://supportannouncement.us.dlink.com/security/publication.aspx?name=SAP10475 Operation WrtHug, The Global Espionage Campaign Hiding in Your Home Router A new report, Operation WrtHug, has uncovered a massive, coordinated effort that has compromised thousands of ASUS routers worldwide. https://securityscorecard.com/blog/operation-wrthug-the-global-espionage-campaign-hiding-in-your-home-router/

KongTuke Activity This diary investigates how a recent Kong Tuke infections evolved all the way from starting with a ClickFix attack. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/KongTuke%20activity/32498 Cloudflare Outage Cloudflare suffered a large outage today after an oversized configuration file was loaded into its bot protection service https://x.com/dok2001 Google Patches Chrome 0-Day Google patched two vulnerabilities in Chrome. One of them is already being exploited. https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2025/11/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_17.html

Decoding Binary Numeric Expressions Didier updated his number to hex script to support simple arithmetic operations in the text. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Decoding%20Binary%20Numeric%20Expressions/32490 Tea Token NPM Pollution The NPM repository was hit with around 150,000 submissions that did not contain any useful contributions, but instead attempted to fake contributions to earn a new tea coin. https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/security/amazon-inspector-detects-over-150000-malicious-packages-linked-to-token-farming-campaign/ IBM AIX NIMSH Vulnerabilities IBM patched several critical vulnerablities in the NIMSH daemon https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7251173

Fortiweb Vulnerability Fortinet, with significant delay, acknowledged a recently patched vulnerability after exploit attempts were seen publicly. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Honeypot+FortiWeb+CVE202564446+Exploits/32486 https://labs.watchtowr.com/when-the-impersonation-function-gets-used-to-impersonate-users-fortinet-fortiweb-auth-bypass/ https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-910?ref=labs.watchtowr.com Flnger.exe and ClickFix Attackers started to use the finger.exe binary to retrieve additional payload in ClickFix attacks https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Finger.exe%20%26%20ClickFix/32492

SmartApeSG campaign uses ClickFix page to push NetSupport RAT A detailed analysis of a recent SamtApeSG campaign taking advantage of ClickFix https://isc.sans.edu/diary/32474 Formbook Delivered Through Multiple Scripts An analysis of a recent version of Formbook showing how it takes advantage of multiple obfuscation tricks https://isc.sans.edu/diary/32480 sudo-rs vulnerabilities Two vulnerabilities were patched in sudo-rs, the version of sudo written in Rust, showing that while Rust does have an advantage when it comes to memory safety, there are plenty of other vulnerabilities to worry about https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7867-1 https://github.com/trifectatechfoundation/sudo-rs/security/advisories/GHSA-c978-wq47-pvvw?ref=itsfoss.com SANS Holiday Hack Challenge https://sans.org/HolidayHack

OWASP Top 10 2025 Release Candidate OWASP published a release candidate for the 2025 version of its Top 10 list https://owasp.org/Top10/2025/0x00_2025-Introduction/ Citrix/Cisco Exploitation Details Amazon detailed how Citrix and Cisco vulnerabilities were used by advanced actors to upload webshells https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/security/amazon-discovers-apt-exploiting-cisco-and-citrix-zero-days/ Testing Quantum Readyness A website tests your services for post-quantum computing-resistant cryptographic algorithms https://qcready.com/

Microsoft Patch Tuesday for November 2025 https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Microsoft+Patch+Tuesday+for+November+2025/32468/ Gladinet Triofox Vulnerability Triofox uses the host header in lieu of proper access control, allowing an attacker to access the page managing administrators by simply setting the host header to localhost. https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/triofox-vulnerability-cve-2025-12480/ SAP November 2025 Patch Day SAP fixed a critical vulnerability, fixed default credentials in its SQL Anywhere Monitor https://onapsis.com/blog/sap-security-patch-day-november-2025/ Ivanti Endpoint Manager Updates https://forums.ivanti.com/s/article/Security-Advisory-EPM-November-2025-for-EPM-2024?language=en_US

It isn t always defaults: Scans for 3CX Usernames Our honeypots detected scans for usernames that may be related to 3CX business phone systems https://isc.sans.edu/diary/It%20isn%27t%20always%20defaults%3A%20Scans%20for%203CX%20usernames/32464 Watchguard Default Password Controversy A CVE number was assigned to a default password commonly used in Watchguard products. This was a documented username and password that was recently removed in a firmware upgrade. https://github.com/cyberbyte000/CVE-2025-59396/blob/main/CVE-2025-59396.txt https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59396 JavaScript expr-eval Vulnerability The JavaScript expr-eval library was vulnerable to a code execution issue. https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/263614