SANS Internet Stormcenter Daily Network/Cyber Security and Information Security Stormcast

Positive trends related to public IP range from the year 2025 Fewer ICS systems, as well as fewer systems with outdated SSL versions, are exposed to the internet than before. The trend isn t quite clean for ISC, but SSL2 and SSL3 systems have been cut down by about half. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Positive%20trends%20related%20to%20public%20IP%20ranges%20from%20the%20year%202025/32584 Hewlett-Packard Enterprise OneView Software, Remote Code Execution HPs OneView Software allows for unauthenticated code execution https://support.hpe.com/hpesc/public/docDisplay?docId=hpesbgn04985en_us&docLocale=en_US#vulnerability-summary-1 Trufflehog Detecting JWTs with Public Keys Trufflehog added the ability to detect JWT tokens and validate them using public keys. https://trufflesecurity.com/blog/trufflehog-now-detects-jwts-with-public-key-signatures-and-verifies-them-for-liveness

Maybe a Little Bit More Interesting React2Shell Exploit Attackers are branching out to attack applications that initial exploits may have missed. The latest wave of attacks is going after less common endpoints and attempting to exploit applications that do not have Next.js exposed. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Maybe%20a%20Little%20Bit%20More%20Interesting%20React2Shell%20Exploit/32578 UAT-9686 actively targets Cisco Secure Email Gateway and Secure Email and Web Manager Cisco s Security Email Gateway and Secure Email and Web Manager patch an already-exploited vulnerability. https://blog.talosintelligence.com/uat-9686/ https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-sma-attack-N9bf4 SONICWALL SMA1000 APPLIANCE LOCAL PRIVILEGE ESCALATION VULNERABILITY A local privilege escalation vulnerability, which SonicWall patched today, is already being exploited. https://psirt.global.sonicwall.com/vuln-detail/SNWLID-2025-0019 Google releases vulnerability details Google updated last week s advisory by adding a CVE to the mystery vulnerability and adding a statement that it affects WebGPU. No new patch was released. https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2025/12/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_16.html

Beyond RC4 for Windows authentication Microsoft outlined its transition plan to move away from RC4 for authentication and published guidance and tools to facilitate this change. https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/blog/2025/12/03/beyond-rc4-for-windows-authentication FortiCloud SSO Login Vuln Exploited Arctic Wolf observed exploit attempts against vulnerable FortiGate appliances. https://arcticwolf.com/resources/blog/arctic-wolf-observes-malicious-sso-logins-following-disclosure-cve-2025-59718-cve-2025-59719/ FrePBX Vulnerability Horizon3.ai identified three distinct vulnerabilities in FreePBX. In particular, the authentication by-pass issue should be of concern, but default FreePBX installs do not use the vulnerable web authentication feature. https://horizon3.ai/attack-research/the-freepbx-rabbit-hole-cve-2025-66039-and-others/

More React2Shell Exploits CVE-2025-55182 Our honeypots continue to detect numerous React2Shell variants. Some using slightly modified exploits https://isc.sans.edu/diary/More%20React2Shell%20Exploits%20CVE-2025-55182/32572 The Fragile Lock: Novel Bypasses For SAML Authentication SAML is a tricky protocol to implement correctly, in particular if different XML parsers are used that may not always agree on how to parse a specific message https://portswigger.net/research/the-fragile-lock December Updates Causes issues with Microsoft Message Queuing https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/release-health/status-windows-10-22h2#message-queuing--msmq--might-fail-with-the-december-2025-windows-security-update

Abusing DLLs EntryPoint for the Fun DLLs will not just execute code when some of their functions are called, but also as they are loaded. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Abusing%20DLLs%20EntryPoint%20for%20the%20Fun/32562 Apple Patches Everything: December 2025 Edition Apple released patches for all of its operating systems, fixing two already exploited vulnerabilities. ClickFix Attacks Still Using the Finger ClickFix Attacks Still Using the Finger Two examples of ClickFix attacks abusing the finger protocol to load additional malware Denial of Service and Source Code Exposure in React Server Components Denial of Service and Source Code Exposure in React Server Components After last week's critical patch, three more, but less critical, vulnerabilities were identified in React Server Components. https://react.dev/blog/2025/12/11/denial-of-service-and-source-code-exposure-in-react-server-components

Using AI Gemma 3 Locally with a Single CPU Installing AI models on modes hardware is possible and can be useful to experiment with these models on premise https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Using%20AI%20Gemma%203%20Locally%20with%20a%20Single%20CPU%20/32556 Mystery Google Chrome 0-Day Vulnerability Google released an update for Google Chrome fixing a vulnerability that is already being exploited, but has not CVE number assigned to it yet https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2025/12/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_10.html SOAPwn: Pwning NET Framework Applications Through HTTP Client Proxies And WSDL Watchtwr identified a common vulnerability in SOAP implementations using .Net https://labs.watchtowr.com/soapwn-pwning-net-framework-applications-through-http-client-proxies-and-wsdl/

Possible exploit variant for CVE-2024-9042 (Kubernetes OS Command Injection) We observed HTTP requests with our honeypot that may be indicative of a new version of an exploit against an older vulnerability. Help us figure out what is going on. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Possible%20exploit%20variant%20for%20CVE-2024-9042%20%28Kubernetes%20OS%20Command%20Injection%29/32554 React2Shell: Technical Deep-Dive & In-the-Wild Exploitation of CVE-2025-55182 Wiz has a writeup with more background on the React2Shell vulnerability and current attacks https://www.wiz.io/blog/nextjs-cve-2025-55182-react2shell-deep-dive Notepad++ Update Hijacking Notepad++ s vulnerable update process was exploited https://notepad-plus-plus.org/news/v889-released/ New macOS PackageKit Privilege Escalation A PoC was released for a new privilege escalation vulnerability in macOS. Currently, there is no patch. https://khronokernel.com/macos/2024/06/03/CVE-2024-27822.html

Microsoft Patch Tuesday Microsoft released its regular monthly patch on Tuesday, addressing 57 flaws. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Microsoft%20Patch%20Tuesday%20December%202025/32550 Adobe Patches Adobe patched five products. The remote code execution in ColdFusion, as well as the code execution issue in Acrobat, will very likely see exploits soon. https://helpx.adobe.com/security.html Ivanti Endpoint Manager Patches Ivanti patched four vulnerabilities in End Point Manager. https://forums.ivanti.com/s/article/Security-Advisory-EPM-December-2025-for-EPM-2024?language=en_US Fortinet FortiCloud SSO Vulnerability Due to a cryptographic vulnerability, Forinet s FortiCloud SSO authentication is bypassable. https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-647 ruby-saml vulnerability Ruby fixed a vulnerability in ruby-saml. The issue is due to an incomplete patch for another vulnerability a few months ago. https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-9v8j-x534-2fx3

nanoKVM Vulnerabilities The nanoKVM device updates firmware insecurely; however, the microphone that the authors of the advisory referred to as undocumented may actually be documented in the underlying hardware description. https://www.tomshardware.com/tech-industry/cyber-security/researcher-finds-undocumented-microphone-and-major-security-flaws-in-sipeed-nanokvm Ghostframe Phishing Kit The Ghostframe phishing kit uses iFrames and random subdomains to evade detection https://blog.barracuda.com/2025/12/04/threat-spotlight-ghostframe-phishing-kit WatchGuard Advisory WatchGuard released an update for its Firebox appliance, fixing ten vulnerabilities. Five of these are rated as High. https://www.watchguard.com/wgrd-psirt/advisories

AutoIT3 Compiled Scripts Dropping Shellcodes Malicious AutoIT3 scripts are usign the FileInstall function to include additional scripts at compile time that are dropped as temporary files during execution. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/AutoIT3%20Compiled%20Scripts%20Dropping%20Shellcodes/32542 React2Shell Update The race is on to patch vulnerable systems. Various groups are aggressively scanning the internet with different exploit variants. Some attempt to bypass WAFs. https://blog.cloudflare.com/5-december-2025-outage/ https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/security/china-nexus-cyber-threat-groups-rapidly-exploit-react2shell-vulnerability-cve-2025-55182/ Apache Tika XXE Flaw Apache s Tika library patched a XXE flaw. https://lists.apache.org/thread/s5x3k93nhbkqzztp1olxotoyjpdlps9k

Nation-State Attack or Compromised Government? [Guest Diary] An IP address associated with the Indonesian Government attacked one of our interns' honeypots. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Nation-State%20Attack%20or%20Compromised%20Government%3F%20%5BGuest%20Diary%5D/32536 React Update Working exploits for the React vulnerability patched yesterday are not widely available Array Networks Array AG Vulnerablity A recently patched vulnerability in Array Networks Array AG VPN gateways is actively exploited. https://www.jpcert.or.jp/at/2025/at250024.html

Attempts to Bypass CDNs Our honeypots recently started receiving scans that included CDN specific headers. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Attempts%20to%20Bypass%20CDNs/32532 React Vulnerability CVE-2025-55182 React patched a critical vulnerability in React server components. Exploitation is likely imminent. https://react.dev/blog/2025/12/03/critical-security-vulnerability-in-react-server-components Unveiling 3 PickleScan Vulnerabilities The PyTorch AI model security tool, PickleScan, has patched three critical vulnerabilities. https://jfrog.com/blog/unveiling-3-zero-day-vulnerabilities-in-picklescan/

SmartTube Android App Compromise The key a developer used to sign the Android YouTube player SmartTube was compromised and used to publish a malicious version. https://github.com/yuliskov/SmartTube/issues/5131#issue-3670629826 https://github.com/yuliskov/SmartTube/releases/tag/notification Two Years, 17K Downloads: The NPM Malware That Tried to Gaslight Security Scanners Over the course of two years, a malicious NPM package was updated to evade detection and has now been identified, in part, due to its attempt to bypass AI scanners through prompt injection. https://www.koi.ai/blog/two-years-17k-downloads-the-npm-malware-that-tried-to-gaslight-security-scanners Stored XSS Vulnerability via SVG Animation, SVG URL, and MathML Attributes Angular fixed a store XSS vulnerability. https://github.com/angular/angular/security/advisories/GHSA-v4hv-rgfq-gp49

Hunting for SharePoint In-Memory ToolShell Payloads A walk-through showing how to analyze ToolShell payloads, starting with acquiring packets all the way to decoding embedded PowerShell commands. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/%5BGuest%20Diary%5D%20Hunting%20for%20SharePoint%20In-Memory%20ToolShell%20Payloads/32524 Android Security Bulletin December 2025 Google fixed numerous vulnerabilities with its December Android update. Two of these vulnerabilities are already being exploited. https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin/2025-12-01 4.3 Million Browsers Infected: Inside ShadyPanda's 7-Year Malware Campaign A group or individual released several browser extensions that worked fine for years until an update injected malicious code into the extension https://www.koi.ai/blog/4-million-browsers-infected-inside-shadypanda-7-year-malware-campaign

Fake adult websites pop realistic Windows Update screen to deliver stealers via ClickFix The latest variant of ClickFix tricks users into copy/pasting commands by displaying a fake blue screen of death. https://www.acronis.com/en/tru/posts/fake-adult-websites-pop-realistic-windows-update-screen-to-deliver-stealers-via-clickfix/ B2B Guest Access Creates an Unprotected Attack Vector Users may be tricked into joining an external Teams workspace as a guest, bypassing protections typically enabled for Teams workspaces. https://www.ontinue.com/resource/blog-microsoft-chat-with-anyone-understanding-phishing-risk/ Geoserver XXE Vulnerability CVE-2025-58360 Geoserver patched an external XML entity (XXE) vulnerability. https://helixguard.ai/blog/CVE-2025-58360

Spyware Allows Cyber Threat Actors to Target Users of Messaging Applications Spyware attacks messaging applications in part by triggering vulnerabilities in messaging applications but also by deploying tools like keystroke loggers and screenshot applications. https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/alerts/2025/11/24/spyware-allows-cyber-threat-actors-target-users-messaging-applications Stop Putting Your Passwords Into Random Websites Yes. Just Stop! https://labs.watchtowr.com/stop-putting-your-passwords-into-random-websites-yes-seriously-you-are-the-problem/ Fluentbit Vulnerability https://www.oligo.security/blog/critical-vulnerabilities-in-fluent-bit-expose-cloud-environments-to-remote-takeover Happy Thanksgiving. Next podcast on Monday after Thanksgiving.

Conflicts between URL mapping and URL based access control. Mapping different URLs to the same script, and relying on URL based authentication at the same time, may lead to dangerous authentication and access control gaps. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Conflicts%20between%20URL%20mapping%20and%20URL%20based%20access%20control./32518 Sha1-Hulud, The Second Coming A new, destructive variant of the Shai-Hulud worm is currently spreading through NPM/Github repos. https://www.koi.ai/incident/live-updates-sha1-hulud-the-second-coming-hundred-npm-packages-compromised Hacklore: Cleaning up Outdated Security Advice A new website, hacklore.org, has published an open letter from former CISOs and other security leaders aimed at addressing some outdated security advice that is often repeated. https://www.hacklore.org

Use of CSS stuffing as an obfuscation technique? Phishing sites stuff their HTML with benign CSS code. This is likely supposed to throw of simple detection engines https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Use%20of%20CSS%20stuffing%20as%20an%20obfuscation%20technique%3F/32510 Critical Oracle Identity Manager Flaw Possibly Exploited as Zero-Day Early exploit attempts for the vulnerability were part of Searchlight Cyber s research effort https://www.securityweek.com/critical-oracle-identity-manager-flaw-possibly-exploited-as-zero-day/ ClamAV Cleaning Signature Database ClamAV will significantly clean up its signature database https://blog.clamav.net/2025/11/clamav-signature-retirement-announcement.html

Oracle Identity Manager Exploit Observation from September (CVE-2025-61757) We observed some exploit attempts in September against an Oracle Identity Manager vulnerability that was patched in October, indicating that exploitation may have occurred prior to the patch being released. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Oracle%20Identity%20Manager%20Exploit%20Observation%20from%20September%20%28CVE-2025-61757%29/32506 https://slcyber.io/research-center/breaking-oracles-identity-manager-pre-auth-rce/ DigitStealer: a JXA-based infostealer that leaves little footprint https://www.jamf.com/blog/jtl-digitstealer-macos-infostealer-analysis/ SonicWall DoS Vulnerability Sonicwall patched a DoS vulnerability in SonicOS https://psirt.global.sonicwall.com/vuln-detail/SNWLID-2025-0016 Adam Wilson: Automating Generative AI Guidelines: Reducing Prompt Injection Risk with 'Shift-Left' MITRE ATLAS Mitigation Testing

Unicode: It is more than funny domain names. Unicode can cause a number of issues due to odd features like variance selectors and text direction issues. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Unicode%3A%20It%20is%20more%20than%20funny%20domain%20names./32472 FortiWeb Multiple OS command injection in API and CLI A second silently patched vulnerability in FortiWeb is already being exploited in the wild. https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-513 DLink DIR-878 Vulnerability DLink disclosed four different vulnerabilities in its popular DIR-878 router. The router is end-of-life and DLink will not release patches https://supportannouncement.us.dlink.com/security/publication.aspx?name=SAP10475 Operation WrtHug, The Global Espionage Campaign Hiding in Your Home Router A new report, Operation WrtHug, has uncovered a massive, coordinated effort that has compromised thousands of ASUS routers worldwide. https://securityscorecard.com/blog/operation-wrthug-the-global-espionage-campaign-hiding-in-your-home-router/

KongTuke Activity This diary investigates how a recent Kong Tuke infections evolved all the way from starting with a ClickFix attack. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/KongTuke%20activity/32498 Cloudflare Outage Cloudflare suffered a large outage today after an oversized configuration file was loaded into its bot protection service https://x.com/dok2001 Google Patches Chrome 0-Day Google patched two vulnerabilities in Chrome. One of them is already being exploited. https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2025/11/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_17.html

Decoding Binary Numeric Expressions Didier updated his number to hex script to support simple arithmetic operations in the text. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Decoding%20Binary%20Numeric%20Expressions/32490 Tea Token NPM Pollution The NPM repository was hit with around 150,000 submissions that did not contain any useful contributions, but instead attempted to fake contributions to earn a new tea coin. https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/security/amazon-inspector-detects-over-150000-malicious-packages-linked-to-token-farming-campaign/ IBM AIX NIMSH Vulnerabilities IBM patched several critical vulnerablities in the NIMSH daemon https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7251173

Fortiweb Vulnerability Fortinet, with significant delay, acknowledged a recently patched vulnerability after exploit attempts were seen publicly. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Honeypot+FortiWeb+CVE202564446+Exploits/32486 https://labs.watchtowr.com/when-the-impersonation-function-gets-used-to-impersonate-users-fortinet-fortiweb-auth-bypass/ https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-910?ref=labs.watchtowr.com Flnger.exe and ClickFix Attackers started to use the finger.exe binary to retrieve additional payload in ClickFix attacks https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Finger.exe%20%26%20ClickFix/32492

SmartApeSG campaign uses ClickFix page to push NetSupport RAT A detailed analysis of a recent SamtApeSG campaign taking advantage of ClickFix https://isc.sans.edu/diary/32474 Formbook Delivered Through Multiple Scripts An analysis of a recent version of Formbook showing how it takes advantage of multiple obfuscation tricks https://isc.sans.edu/diary/32480 sudo-rs vulnerabilities Two vulnerabilities were patched in sudo-rs, the version of sudo written in Rust, showing that while Rust does have an advantage when it comes to memory safety, there are plenty of other vulnerabilities to worry about https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7867-1 https://github.com/trifectatechfoundation/sudo-rs/security/advisories/GHSA-c978-wq47-pvvw?ref=itsfoss.com SANS Holiday Hack Challenge https://sans.org/HolidayHack

OWASP Top 10 2025 Release Candidate OWASP published a release candidate for the 2025 version of its Top 10 list https://owasp.org/Top10/2025/0x00_2025-Introduction/ Citrix/Cisco Exploitation Details Amazon detailed how Citrix and Cisco vulnerabilities were used by advanced actors to upload webshells https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/security/amazon-discovers-apt-exploiting-cisco-and-citrix-zero-days/ Testing Quantum Readyness A website tests your services for post-quantum computing-resistant cryptographic algorithms https://qcready.com/

Microsoft Patch Tuesday for November 2025 https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Microsoft+Patch+Tuesday+for+November+2025/32468/ Gladinet Triofox Vulnerability Triofox uses the host header in lieu of proper access control, allowing an attacker to access the page managing administrators by simply setting the host header to localhost. https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/triofox-vulnerability-cve-2025-12480/ SAP November 2025 Patch Day SAP fixed a critical vulnerability, fixed default credentials in its SQL Anywhere Monitor https://onapsis.com/blog/sap-security-patch-day-november-2025/ Ivanti Endpoint Manager Updates https://forums.ivanti.com/s/article/Security-Advisory-EPM-November-2025-for-EPM-2024?language=en_US

It isn t always defaults: Scans for 3CX Usernames Our honeypots detected scans for usernames that may be related to 3CX business phone systems https://isc.sans.edu/diary/It%20isn%27t%20always%20defaults%3A%20Scans%20for%203CX%20usernames/32464 Watchguard Default Password Controversy A CVE number was assigned to a default password commonly used in Watchguard products. This was a documented username and password that was recently removed in a firmware upgrade. https://github.com/cyberbyte000/CVE-2025-59396/blob/main/CVE-2025-59396.txt https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59396 JavaScript expr-eval Vulnerability The JavaScript expr-eval library was vulnerable to a code execution issue. https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/263614

Honeypot Requests for Code Repository Attackers continue to scan websites for source code repositories. Keep your repositories outside your document root and proactively scan your own sites. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Honeypot%3A%20Requests%20for%20%28Code%29%20Repositories/32460 Malicious NuGet Packages Deliver Time-Delayed Destructive Payloads Newly discovered malicious .NET packages attempt to deliver a time-delayed attack targeting ICS systems. https://socket.dev/blog/9-malicious-nuget-packages-deliver-time-delayed-destructive-payloads Side Channel Leaks in Encrypted Traffic to LLMs Traffic to LLMs can be profiled to discover the nature of prompts sent by a user based on the amount and structure of the encrypted data. https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2025/11/07/whisper-leak-a-novel-side-channel-cyberattack-on-remote-language-models/

Binary Breadcrumbs: Correlating Malware Samples with Honeypot Logs Using PowerShell [Guest Diary] Windows, with PowerShell, has a great scripting platform to match common Linux/Unix command line utilities. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Binary%20Breadcrumbs%3A%20Correlating%20Malware%20Samples%20with%20Honeypot%20Logs%20Using%20PowerShell%20%5BGuest%20Diary%5D/32454 RondoDox v2 Increases Exploits The RondoDox (or RondoWorm) added a substantial amount of new exploits to its repertoire. https://beelzebub.ai/blog/rondo-dox-v2/ Google Chrome Updates Google released an update for Google Chrome addressing five vulnerabilities. https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2025/11/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html Cisco Unified Contact Center Express Remote Code Execution Vulnerabilities Cisco patched two critical vulnerabilities in its Contact Center Express software. These vulnerabilities may lead to a full system compromise. https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-cc-unauth-rce-QeN8h7mQ

Updates to Domainname API Some updates to our domainname API will make it more flexible and make it easier and faster to get the complete dataset. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Updates%20to%20Domainname%20API/32452 Microsoft Teams Impersonation and Spoofing Vulnerabilities Checkpoint released details about recently patched spoofing and impersonation vulnerabilities in Microsoft Teams https://research.checkpoint.com/2025/microsoft-teams-impersonation-and-spoofing-vulnerabilities-exposed/ NViso Report: VSHELL NViso published an amazingly detailed report describing the remote control implant VSHELL. The report includes details about the inner workings of the tool as well as detection ideas. https://www.nviso.eu/blog/nviso-analyzes-vshell-post-exploitation-tool

Apple Patches Everything, Again Apple released a minor OS upgrade across its lineup, fixing a number of security vulnerabilities. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Apple%20Patches%20Everything%2C%20Again/32448 Remote Access Tools Used to Compromise Trucking and Logistics Attackers infect trucking and logistics companies with regular remote management tools to inject malware into other companies or learn about high-value loads in order to steal them. https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/remote-access-real-cargo-cybercriminals-targeting-trucking-and-logistics Google Android Patch Day Google released its usual monthly Android updates this week https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin/2025-11-01

XWiki SolrSearch Exploit Attempts CVE-2025-24893 We have detected a number of exploit attempts against XWiki taking advantage of a vulnerability that was added to the KEV list on Friday. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/XWiki%20SolrSearch%20Exploit%20Attempts%20%28CVE-2025-24893%29%20with%20link%20to%20Chicago%20Gangs%20Rappers/32444 AMD Zen 5 Random Number Generator Bug The RDSEED function for AMD s Zen 5 processors does return 0 more often than it should. https://www.amd.com/en/resources/product-security/bulletin/amd-sb-7055.html SleepyDuck malware invades Cursor through Open VSX Yet another Open VSX extension stealing crypto credentials https://secureannex.com/blog/sleepyduck-malware/

Scans for WSUS: Port 8530/8531 TCP, CVE-2025-59287 We did observe an increase in scans for TCP ports 8530 and 8531. These ports are associated with WSUS and the scans are likely looking for servers vulnerable to CVE-2025-59287 https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Scans%20for%20Port%208530%208531%20%28TCP%29.%20Likely%20related%20to%20WSUS%20Vulnerability%20CVE-2025-59287/32440 BADCANDY Webshell Implant Deployed via The Australian Signals Directorate warns that they still see Cisco IOS XE devices not patches for CVE-2023-20198. A threat actor is now using this vulnerability to deploy the BADCANDY implant for persistent access https://www.cyber.gov.au/about-us/view-all-content/alerts-and-advisories/badcandy Improvements to Open VSX Security In reference to the Glassworm incident, OpenVSX published a blog post outlining some of the security improvements they will make to prevent a repeat of this incident. https://blogs.eclipse.org/post/mika l-barbero/open-vsx-security-update-october-2025

X-Request-Purpose: Identifying "research" and bug bounty related scans? Our honeypots captured a few requests with bug bounty specific headers. These headers are meant to make it easier to identify requests related to bug bounty, and they are supposed to identify the researcher conducting the scans https://isc.sans.edu/diary/X-Request-Purpose%3A%20Identifying%20%22research%22%20and%20bug%20bounty%20related%20scans%3F/32436 Proton Breach Observatory Proton opened up its breach observatory. This website will collect information about breaches affecting companies that have not yet made the breach public. https://proton.me/blog/introducing-breach-observatory Microsoft Exchange Server Security Best Practices A new document published by a collaboration of national cyber security agencies summarizes steps that should be taken to harden Exchange Server. https://www.nsa.gov/Portals/75/documents/resources/cybersecurity-professionals/CSI_Microsoft_Exchange_Server_Security_Best_Practices.pdf?ver=9mpKKyUrwfpb9b9r4drVMg%3d%3d MOVEit Vulnerability Progress published an advisory for its file transfer program MOVEIt . This software has had heavily exploited vulnerabilities in the past. https://community.progress.com/s/article/MOVEit-Transfer-Vulnerability-CVE-2025-10932-October-29-2025

How to Collect Memory-Only Filesystems on Linux Systems Getting forensically sound copies of memory-only file systems on Linux can be tricky, as tools like dd do not work. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/How%20to%20collect%20memory-only%20filesystems%20on%20Linux%20systems/32432 Microsoft Azure Front Door Outage Today, Microsoft s Azure Front Door service failed, leading to users not being able to authenticate to various Azure-related services. https://azure.status.microsoft/en-us/status Docker-Compose Vulnerability A vulnerability in docker-compose may be used to trick users into creating files outside the docker-compose directory https://github.com/docker/compose/security/advisories/GHSA-gv8h-7v7w-r22q

Phishing with Invisible Characters in the Subject Line Phishing emails use invisible UTF-8 encoded characters to break up keywords used to detect phishing (or spam). This is aided by mail clients not rendering some characters that should be rendered. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/A%20phishing%20with%20invisible%20characters%20in%20the%20subject%20line/32428 Apache Tomcat PUT Directory Traversal Apache released an update to Tomcat fixing a directory traversal vulnerability in how the PUT method is used. Exploits could upload arbitrary files, leading to remote code execution. https://lists.apache.org/thread/n05kjcwyj1s45ovs8ll1qrrojhfb1tog BIND9 DNS Spoofing Vulnerability A PoC exploit is now available for the recently patched BIND9 spoofing vulnerability https://gist.github.com/N3mes1s/f76b4a606308937b0806a5256bc1f918

Bytes over DNS Didiear investigated which bytes may be transmitted as part of a hostname in DNS packets, depending on the client resolver and recursive resolver constraints https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Bytes%20over%20DNS/32420 Unifi Access Vulnerability Unifi fixed a critical vulnerability in it s Access product https://community.ui.com/releases/Security-Advisory-Bulletin-056-056/ce97352d-91cd-40a7-a2f4-2c73b3b30191 OpenAI Atlas Omnibox Prompt Injection OpenAI s latest browser can be jailbroken by inserting prompts in URLs https://neuraltrust.ai/blog/openai-atlas-omnibox-prompt-injection

Bilingual Phishing for Cloud Credentials Guy observed identical phishing messages in French and English attempting to phish cloud credentials https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Phishing%20Cloud%20Account%20for%20Information/32416 Kaitai Struct WebIDE The binary file analysis tool Kaitai Struct is now available in a web only version https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Kaitai%20Struct%20WebIDE/32422 WSUS Emergency Update Microsoft released an emergency patch for WSUS to fix a currently exploited critical vulnerability https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-59287 Network Security Devices Endanger Orgs with 90s-era Flaws Attackers increasingly use simple-to-exploit network security device vulnerabilities to compromise organizations. https://www.csoonline.com/article/4074945/network-security-devices-endanger-orgs-with-90s-era-flaws.html

Infostealer Targeting Android Devices This infostealer, written in Python, specifically targets Android phones. It takes advantage of Termux to gain access to data and exfiltrates it via Telegram. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Infostealer%20Targeting%20Android%20Devices/32414 Attackers exploit recently patched Adobe Commerce Vulnerability CVE-2025-54236 Six weeks after Adobe's emergency patch, SessionReaper (CVE-2025-54236) has entered active exploitation. E-Commerce security company SanSec has detected multiple exploit attempts. https://sansec.io/research/sessionreaper-exploitation Patch for BIND and unbound nameservers CVE-2025-40780 The Internet Systems Consortium (ISC.org), as well as the Unbound project, patched a flaw that may allow for DNS spoofing due to a weak random number generator. https://kb.isc.org/docs/cve-2025-40780 WSUS Exploit Released CVE-2025-59287 Hawktrace released a walk through showing how to exploit the recently patched WSUS vulnerability https://hawktrace.com/blog/CVE-2025-59287

webctrl.cgi/Blue Angel Software Suite Exploit Attempts. Maybe CVE-2025-34033 Variant? Our honeypots detected attacks that appear to exploit CVE-2025-34033 or a similar vulnerability in the Blue Angle Software Suite. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/webctrlcgiBlue+Angel+Software+Suite+Exploit+Attempts+Maybe+CVE202534033+Variant/32410 Oracle Critical Patch Update Oracle released its quarterly critical patch update. The update includes patches for 374 vulnerabilities across all of Oracle s products. There are nine more patches for Oracle s e-Business Suite. https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2025.html#AppendixEBS Rust TAR Library Vulnerability A vulnerability in the popular, but no longer maintained, async-tar vulnerability could lead to arbitrary code execution https://edera.dev/stories/tarmageddon

What time is it? Accuracy of pool.ntp.org. How accurate and reliable is pool.ntp.org? Turns out it is very good! https://isc.sans.edu/diary/What%20time%20is%20it%3F%20Accuracy%20of%20pool.ntp.org./32390 Xubuntu Compromise The Xubuntu website was compromised last weekend and served malware https://floss.social/@bluesabre/115401767635718361 Squid Proxy Vulnerability The Squid team fixed an information disclosure vulnerabilty that may leak authentication credentials. https://github.com/squid-cache/squid/security/advisories/GHSA-c8cc-phh7-xmxr Lanscope Endpoint Manager Vulnerablity https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN86318557/index.html

Using Syscall() for Obfuscation/Fileless Activity Fileless malware written in Python can uses syscall() to create file descriptors in memory, evading signatures. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Using%20Syscall%28%29%20for%20Obfuscation%20Fileless%20Activity/32384 AWS Outages AWS has had issues most of the day on Monday, affecting numerous services. https://health.aws.amazon.com/health/status Time Server Hack China reports a compromise of its time standard servers. https://thehackernews.com/2025/10/mss-claims-nsa-used-42-cyber-tools-in.html

TikTok Videos Promoting Malware InstallationTikTok Videos Promoting Malware Installation Tiktok videos advertising ways to obtain software like Photoshop for free will instead trick users into downloading https://isc.sans.edu/diary/TikTok%20Videos%20Promoting%20Malware%20Installation/32380 Google Ads Advertise Malware Targeting MacOS Developers Hunt.io discovered Google ads that pretend to advertise tools like Homebrew and password managers to spread malware https://hunt.io/blog/macos-odyssey-amos-malware-campaign Satellite Transmissions are often unencrypted A large amount of satellite traffic is unencrypted and easily accessible to eavesdropping https://satcom.sysnet.ucsd.edu

New DShield Support Slack Workspace Due to an error on Salesforce s side, we had to create a new Slack Workspace for DShield support. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/New%20DShield%20Support%20Slack/32376 Attackers Exploiting Recently Patched Cisco SNMP Flaw (CVE-2025-20352) Trend Micro published details explaining how attackers took advantage of a recently patched Cisco SNMP Vulnerability https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/25/j/operation-zero-disco-cisco-snmp-vulnerability-exploit.html https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-snmp-x4LPhte Framework BIOS Backdoor The mm command impleneted in Framework BIOS shells can be used to compromise a device pre-boot. https://eclypsium.com/blog/bombshell-the-signed-backdoor-hiding-in-plain-sight-on-framework-devices/ SANS.edu Research: Mark Stephens, Validating the Effectiveness of MITRE Engage and Active Defense https://www.sans.edu/cyber-research/validating-effectiveness-mitre-engage-active-defense/

Clipboard Image Stealer Xavier presents an infostealer in Python that steals images from the clipboard. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Clipboard%20Pictures%20Exfiltration%20in%20Python%20Infostealer/32372 F5 Compromise F5 announced a wide-ranging compromise today. Source code and information about unpatched vulnerabilities were stolen. https://my.f5.com/manage/s/article/K000157005 https://my.f5.com/manage/s/article/K000156572 https://my.f5.com/manage/s/article/K000154696 Adobe Updates Adobe updated 12 different products yesterday. https://helpx.adobe.com/security.html SAP Patchday Among the critical vulnerabilities patched in SAP s products are two deserialization vulnerabilities with a CVSS score of 10.0 https://support.sap.com/en/my-support/knowledge-base/security-notes-news/october-2025.html https://onapsis.com/blog/sap-security-patch-day-october-2025/

Microsoft Patch Tuesday Microsoft not only released new patches, but also the last patches for Windows 10, Office 2016, Office 2019, Exchange 2016 and Exchange 2019. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Microsoft%20Patch%20Tuesday%20October%202025/32368 Ivanti Advisory Ivanti released an advisory with some mitigation steps users can take until the recently made public vulnerablities are patched. https://forums.ivanti.com/s/article/Security-Advisory-Ivanti-Endpoint-Manager-EPM-October-2025?language=en_US Fortinet Patches https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-010 https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-24-361

Scans for ESAFENET CDG V5 We do see some increase in scans for the Chinese secure document management system, ESAFENET. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Heads%20Up%3A%20Scans%20for%20ESAFENET%20CDG%20V5%20/32364 Investigating targeted payroll pirate attacks affecting US universities Microsoft wrote about how payroll pirates redirect employee paychecks via phishing. https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2025/10/09/investigating-targeted-payroll-pirate-attacks-affecting-us-universities/ Attacks against Edge via IE Mode Microsoft Edge offers an IE legacy mode to support websites created for Internet Explorer. The old JavaScript engine, which is part of this mode, has been abused in recent attacks, and Microsoft will make it more difficult to enable IE Mode to counter these attacks. https://microsoftedge.github.io/edgevr/posts/Changes-to-Internet-Explorer-Mode-in-Microsoft-Edge/

New Oracle E-Business Suite Patches Oracle released one more patch for the e-business suite. Oracle does not state if it is already exploited, but the timing of the patch suggests that it should be expedited. https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/alert-cve-2025-61884.html Widespread Sonicwall SSLVPN Compromise Huntress Labs observed the widespread compromise of the Sonicwall SSLVPN appliance. https://www.huntress.com/blog/sonicwall-sslvpn-compromise Active Exploitation of Gladinet CentreStack and Triofox Local File Inclusion Flaw (CVE-2025-11371) An unpatched vulnerability in the secure file sharing solutions Gladinet CentreStack and TrioFox is being exploited. https://www.huntress.com/blog/gladinet-centrestack-triofox-local-file-inclusion-flaw Two 7-Zip Vulnerabilities CVE-2025-11002, CVE-2025-11001 7-Zip patched two vulnerabilities that may lead to arbitrary code execution https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-25-949/ https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-25-950/

Building Better Defenses: RedTail Observations Defending against attacks like RedTail is more then blocking IoCs, but instead one must focus on the techniques and tactics attackers use. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Guest+Diary+Building+Better+Defenses+RedTail+Observations+from+a+Honeypot/32312 Sonicwall: It wasn t the user s fault Sonicwall admits to a breach resulting in the loss of user configurations stored in its cloud service https://www.sonicwall.com/support/knowledge-base/mysonicwall-cloud-backup-file-incident/250915160910330 Crowdstrike has Issues Crowdstrike fixes two vulnerabilities in the Windows version of its Falcon sensor. https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-us/security-advisories/issues-affecting-crowdstrike-falcon-sensor-for-windows/ Interrogators: Attack Surface Mapping in an Agentic World A SANS.edu master s degree student research paper by Michael Samson https://isc.sans.edu/researchpapers/pdfs/michael_samson.pdf keywords: ai; agentic; attack surface; crowdstrike; sonicwall; ivanti; zero day; initiative; redline

Polymorphic Python Malware Xavier discovered self-modifying Python code on Virustotal. The remote access tool takes advantage of the inspect module to modify code on the fly. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Polymorphic%20Python%20Malware/32354 SSH ProxyCommand Vulnerability A user cloning a git repository may be tricked into executing arbitrary code via the SSH proxycommand option. https://dgl.cx/2025/10/bash-a-newline-ssh-proxycommand-cve-2025-61984 Framelink Figma MCP Server CVE-2025-53967 Framelink Figma s MCP server suffers from a remote code execution vulnerability.

FreePBX Exploit Attempts (CVE-2025-57819) A FreePBX SQL injection vulnerability disclosed in August is being used to execute code on affected systems. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Exploit%20Against%20FreePBX%20%28CVE-2025-57819%29%20with%20code%20execution./32350 Disrupting Threats Targeting Microsoft Teams Microsoft published a blog post outlining how to better secure Teams. https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2025/10/07/disrupting-threats-targeting-microsoft-teams/ Kibana XSS Patch CVE-2025-25009 Elastic patched a stored XSS vulnerability in Kibana https://discuss.elastic.co/t/kibana-8-18-8-8-19-5-9-0-8-and-9-1-5-security-update-esa-2025-20/382449 QT SVG Vulnerabilities CVE-2025-10728, CVE-2025-10729, The QT group fixed two vulnerabilities in the QT SVG module. One of the vulnerabilities may be used for code execution https://www.qt.io/blog/security-advisory-uncontrolled-recursion-and-use-after-free-vulnerabilities-in-qt-svg-module-impact-qt