Podcasts about Unix

This week on the show Tom interview Deb Goodkin and Justin Gibbs from the FreeBSD Foundation. NOTES This episode of BSDNow is brought to you by Tarsnap (https://www.tarsnap.com/bsdnow) and the BSDNow Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/bsdnow) Guests Deb Goodkin (https://www.linkedin.com/in/deb-goodkin-b282924a/) Justin Gibbs (https://www.linkedin.com/in/justin-gibbs-3974671/) Send questions, comments, show ideas/topics, or stories you want mentioned on the show to feedback@bsdnow.tv (mailto:feedback@bsdnow.tv) Join us and other BSD Fans in our BSD Now Telegram channel (https://t.me/bsdnow) Special Guests: Deb Goodkin and Justin Gibbs.

We spent the week learning keybindings, installing dependencies, and cramming for bonus points. Today, we score up and see how we did in the TUI Challenge.Sponsored By:Tailscale: Tailscale is a programmable networking software that is private and secure by default - get it free on up to 100 devices! 1Password Extended Access Management: 1Password Extended Access Management is a device trust solution for companies with Okta, and they ensure that if a device isn't trusted and secure, it can't log into your cloud apps. Unraid: A powerful, easy operating system for servers and storage. Maximize your hardware with unmatched flexibility. Support LINUX UnpluggedLinks:

How to unlock high speed Wi-Fi on FreeBSD 14, What We've Learned Supporting FreeBSD in Production, rsync replaced with openrsync on macOS Sequoia, Framework 13 AMD Setup with FreeBSD, FreeBSD on Dell Latitude 7280, Backup MX with OpenSMTPD, Notes on caddy as QUIC reverse proxy with mac_portacl, and more NOTES This episode of BSDNow is brought to you by Tarsnap (https://www.tarsnap.com/bsdnow) and the BSDNow Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/bsdnow) Headlines How to unlock high speed Wi-Fi on FreeBSD 14 (https://freebsdfoundation.org/blog/how-to-unlock-high-speed-wi-fi-on-freebsd-14/) What We've Learned Supporting FreeBSD in Production (https://klarasystems.com/articles/what-weve-learned-supporing-freebsd-production/) News Roundup rsync replaced with openrsync on macOS Sequoia (https://derflounder.wordpress.com/2025/04/06/rsync-replaced-with-openrsync-on-macos-sequoia/) Framework 13 AMD Setup with FreeBSD (https://euroquis.nl/freebsd/2025/03/16/framework.html) FreeBSD on Dell Latitude 7280 (https://adventurist.me/posts/00352) Backup MX with OpenSMTPD (https://blog.feld.me/posts/2025/05/backup-mx-with-opensmtpd/) Notes on caddy as QUIC reverse proxy with mac_portacl (https://mwl.io/archives/24097) Tarsnap This weeks episode of BSDNow was sponsored by our friends at Tarsnap, the only secure online backup you can trust your data to. Even paranoids need backups. Feedback/Questions No feedback this week. Send questions, comments, show ideas/topics, or stories you want mentioned on the show to feedback@bsdnow.tv (mailto:feedback@bsdnow.tv) Join us and other BSD Fans in our BSD Now Telegram channel (https://t.me/bsdnow)

The Hidden Costs of Stagnation: Why Running EOL Software is a Ticking Time Bomb, Maintaining FreeBSD in a Commercial Product – Why Upstream Contributions Matter, LLMs ('AI') are coming for our jobs whether or not they work, Implement Anubis to give the bots a harder time, erspan(4): ERSPAN Type II collection, Just my memory here is how I've configure OpenBSD and FreeBSD for a IPv6 Wifi, and more NOTES This episode of BSDNow is brought to you by Tarsnap (https://www.tarsnap.com/bsdnow) and the BSDNow Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/bsdnow) Headlines The Hidden Costs of Stagnation: Why Running EOL Software is a Ticking Time Bomb (https://freebsdfoundation.org/blog/the-hidden-costs-of-stagnation-why-running-eol-software-is-a-ticking-time-bomb/) Maintaining FreeBSD in a Commercial Product – Why Upstream Contributions Matter (https://klarasystems.com/articles/maintaining-freebsd-commercial-product-why-upstream-contributions-matter/?utm_source=BSD%20Now&utm_medium=Podcast) News Roundup LLMs ('AI') are coming for our jobs whether or not they work (https://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/tech/LLMsVersusOurJobs) Implement Anubis to give the bots a harder time (https://dan.langille.org/2025/05/03/implement-anubis-to-give-the-bots-a-harder-time/) erspan(4): ERSPAN Type II collection (https://www.undeadly.org/cgi?action=article;sid=20250512100219) Just my memory here is how I've configure OpenBSD and FreeBSD for a IPv6 Wifi (https://vincentdelft.be/post/post_20250208) Beastie Bits Some Interesting pieces of history Netnews History (https://www.cs.columbia.edu/~smb/papers/netnews-hist.pdf) History of Solaris (https://cse.unl.edu/~witty/class/csce351/howto/history_of_solaris.pdf) Nuclear Wall Charts (https://econtent.unm.edu/digital/collection/nuceng/search) [TUHS] The Case of UNIX vs. The UNIX System (https://www.tuhs.org/pipermail/tuhs/2025-February/031403.html) Tarsnap This weeks episode of BSDNow was sponsored by our friends at Tarsnap, the only secure online backup you can trust your data to. Even paranoids need backups. Feedback/Questions Paul - my setup (https://github.com/BSDNow/bsdnow.tv/blob/master/episodes/614/feedback/Paul%20-%20my%20setup.md) Send questions, comments, show ideas/topics, or stories you want mentioned on the show to feedback@bsdnow.tv (mailto:feedback@bsdnow.tv) Join us and other BSD Fans in our BSD Now Telegram channel (https://t.me/bsdnow)

Isolating Containers with ZFS and Linux Namespaces, DragonFly BSD 6.4.2, FreeBSD fans rally round zVault upstart, For Upcoming PF Tutorials, We Welcome Your Questions, Using ~/.ssh/authorized keys to decide what the incoming connection can do, PDF bruteforce tool to recover locked files, How and why typical (SaaS) pricing is too high for university departments, and more NOTES This episode of BSDNow is brought to you by Tarsnap (https://www.tarsnap.com/bsdnow) and the BSDNow Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/bsdnow) Headlines Isolating Containers with ZFS and Linux Namespaces (https://klarasystems.com/articles/isolating-containers-with-zfs-and-linux-namespaces/?utm_source=BSD%20Now&utm_medium=Podcast) DragonFly BSD 6.4.2 (https://www.dragonflybsd.org/release64/) FreeBSD fans rally round zVault upstart (https://www.theregister.com/2025/05/12/second_preview_zvault/) News Roundup For Upcoming PF Tutorials, We Welcome Your Questions (https://bsdly.blogspot.com/2025/05/for-upcoming-pf-tutorials-we-welcome.html) Using ~/.ssh/authorized keys to decide what the incoming connection can do (https://dan.langille.org/2025/04/17/using-ssh-authorized-keys-to-decide-what-the-incoming-connection-can-do/) PDF bruteforce tool to recover locked files (https://dataswamp.org/~solene/2025-03-09-test-pdf-passwords.html) How and why typical (SaaS) pricing is too high for university departments (https://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/tech/UniversityTypicalPricingTooHigh) Tarsnap This weeks episode of BSDNow was sponsored by our friends at Tarsnap, the only secure online backup you can trust your data to. Even paranoids need backups. Feedback/Questions Nils - CFP (https://github.com/BSDNow/bsdnow.tv/blob/master/episodes/612/feedback/nils%20-%20CFP.md) Send questions, comments, show ideas/topics, or stories you want mentioned on the show to feedback@bsdnow.tv (mailto:feedback@bsdnow.tv) Join us and other BSD Fans in our BSD Now Telegram channel (https://t.me/bsdnow)

SSH authorized_keys File One of the most common techniques used by many bots is to add rogue keys to the authorized_keys file, implementing an SSH backdoor. Managing these files and detecting unauthorized changes is not hard and should be done if you operate Unix systems. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Securing%20Your%20SSH%20authorized_keys%20File/31986 REMOTE COMMAND EXECUTION ON SMARTBEDDED METEOBRIDGE (CVE-2025-4008) Weatherstation software Meteobridge suffers from an easily exploitable unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability https://www.onekey.com/resource/security-advisory-remote-command-execution-on-smartbedded-meteobridge-cve-2025-4008 https://forum.meteohub.de/viewtopic.php?t=18687 Manageengine ADAuditPlus SQL Injection Zoho patched two SQL Injection vulnerabilities in its ManageEngine ADAuditPlus product https://www.manageengine.com/products/active-directory-audit/cve-2025-41407.html https://www.manageengine.com/products/active-directory-audit/cve-2025-36527.html Dero Miner Infects Containers through Docker API Kaspersky found yet another botnet infecting docker containers to spread crypto coin miners. The initial access happens via exposed docker APIs. https://securelist.com/dero-miner-infects-containers-through-docker-api/116546/

This show has been flagged as Clean by the host. Intro How I know BSD Very minimal NetBSD usage I'm am leaving out Dragonfly BSD Previous episodes Several by Claudio Miranda and others - check the tags page. hpr3799 :: My home router history hpr3187 :: Ansible for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol hpr3168 :: FreeBSD Jails and iocage hpr2181 :: Install OpenBSD from Linux using Grub History and Overview https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Berkeley_Software_Distribution The history of the Berkeley Software Distribution began in the 1970s when University of California, Berkeley received a copy of Unix. Professors and students at the university began adding software to the operating system and released it as BSD to select universities. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_BSD_operating_systems Comparisons to Linux Not better or worse, just different. BSD is a direct descendant of the original UNIX Not distributions - Separate projects with separate code bases. Permissive vs Copyleft One Project vs Kernel + User land Most Open Source software is available on BSD ports and packages Network Devices and DISKS will have different naming conventions. BE CAREFUL Distinctives FreeBSD Probably most widely used Base OS Commercial products Tightly integrated with ZFS Jails OS for Firewall appliances - PFSense and Opensense OpenBSD Focus on Code Correctness and Security Often First to develop new security methodologies - ASLR and Kernel relinking at boot Home of OpenSSH, ... Base includes Xorg and a minimal Window Manager The Best docs - man pages NetBSD Supports the most platforms pkgsrc can be used on any UNIX like. How I use BSD Home Router Recently migrated from FreeBSD to OpenBSD Better support for the cheap 2.5G network adapters in Ali express firewalls Workstations OpenBSD Dual boot laptop - missing some nice features - Vscode and BT audio OpenBSD for Banking NAS FreeBSD Was physical by migrated to Proxmox VM with direct attached drives Jails for some apps ZFS pools for storage My recommendations Router OpenBSD - Any BSD will work Opensense - similar experience to managing DD-WRT Thinkpads - OpenBSD Other laptops / PC - FreeBSD desktop focus derivative. ghost or midnight Servers/NAS FreeBSD ZFS Jails BSD is worth trying Dual booting is supported but can be tricky if unfamiliar. r Provide feedback on this episode.

As CEO & Co-Founder of Sling Money, Mike is transforming how we think about sending funds across borders by making international transfers as effortless as sending a text message.During our conversation, Mike reveals how a personal experience moving USDC between the UK and San Francisco sparked his vision. The transfer itself was instant and free, but everything around it felt clunky – "like using a Unix command line from the 80s." This insight led him to create what he calls "the macOS or iPhone of stablecoins," abstracting away all of the complexity. Sling's elegant approach allows users to add money through local payment methods in 75 countries, convert to stablecoins behind the scenes, and send funds globally in just seconds. Recipients can withdraw to their local currency almost instantly, never needing to understand the underlying technology. The use cases range from practical (managing finances across multiple countries) to spontaneous (buying someone a beer across continents) – transactions that were previously impossible or prohibitively expensive.Mike places this innovation in a fascinating historical context, comparing the evolution of international payments to what happened with telecommunications and streaming video. Just as we no longer think twice about "long-distance calls," he envisions a future where the concept of "international payments" disappears entirely.Ready to experience the future of global money transfer? Download Sling Money today and join the community making international payments instant, free, and frictionless.

Linux-Experte Christian Stankowic und Golem.de Redakteur Martin Wolf und reden über eines der einflussreichsten Systeme der 80er und 90er Jahre.

I use Zip Bombs to Protect my Server, Owning the Stack: Infrastructure Independence with FreeBSD and ZFS, Optimisation of parallel TCP input, Chosing between "it works for now" and "it works in the long term", Losing one of my evenings after an OpenBSD upgrade, What drive did I just remove from the system?, and more NOTES This episode of BSDNow is brought to you by Tarsnap (https://www.tarsnap.com/bsdnow) and the BSDNow Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/bsdnow) Headlines I use Zip Bombs to Protect my Server (https://idiallo.com/blog/zipbomb-protection) Owning the Stack: Infrastructure Independence with FreeBSD and ZFS (https://klarasystems.com/articles/owning-the-stack-infrastructure-independence-with-freebsd-zfs/?utm_source=BSD%20Now&utm_medium=Podcast) News Roundup Optimisation of parallel TCP input (https://www.undeadly.org/cgi?action=article;sid=20250508122430) Chosing between "it works for now" and "it works in the long term" (https://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/sysadmin/WorksNowVsWorksGenerally) Losing one of my evenings after an OpenBSD upgrade (https://www.ncartron.org/losing-one-of-my-evenings-after-an-openbsd-upgrade.html) What drive did I just remove from the system? (https://dan.langille.org/2025/04/21/what-drive-did-i-just-remove-from-the-system/) Tarsnap This weeks episode of BSDNow was sponsored by our friends at Tarsnap, the only secure online backup you can trust your data to. Even paranoids need backups. Feedback/Questions Benjamin - Street PCs (https://github.com/BSDNow/bsdnow.tv/blob/master/episodes/613/feedback/Benjamin%20-%20street%20pcs.md) Send questions, comments, show ideas/topics, or stories you want mentioned on the show to feedback@bsdnow.tv (mailto:feedback@bsdnow.tv) Join us and other BSD Fans in our BSD Now Telegram channel (https://t.me/bsdnow)

GhostBSD: From Usability to Struggle and Renewal, Why You Can't Trust AI to Tune ZFS, Introducing bpflogd(8): capture packets via BPF to log files, What I'd do as a College Freshman in 2025, FreeBSD and KDE Plasma generations, Improvements to the FreeBSD CI/CD systems, FreeBSD as a Workstation, and more NOTES This episode of BSDNow is brought to you by Tarsnap (https://www.tarsnap.com/bsdnow) and the BSDNow Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/bsdnow) Headlines GhostBSD: From Usability to Struggle and Renewal (https://freebsdfoundation.org/our-work/journal/browser-based-edition/downstreams/ghostbsd-from-usability-to-struggle-and-renewal/) Why You Can't Trust AI to Tune ZFS (https://klarasystems.com/articles/why-you-cant-trust-ai-to-tune-zfs/?utm_source=BSD%20Now&utm_medium=Podcast) News Roundup Introducing bpflogd(8): capture packets via BPF to log files (http://undeadly.org/cgi?action=article;sid=20250425074505) What I'd do as a College Freshman in 2025 (https://muratbuffalo.blogspot.com/2025/04/what-id-do-as-college-freshman.html) FreeBSD and KDE Plasma generations (https://euroquis.nl//freebsd/2025/03/02/kde5.html) Improvements to the FreeBSD CI/CD systems (https://freebsdfoundation.org/blog/improvements-to-the-freebsd-ci-cd-systems/) FreeBSD as a Workstation (https://darknet.sytes.net/wordpress/index.php/2025/03/16/freebsd-as-a-workstation/) Tarsnap This weeks episode of BSDNow was sponsored by our friends at Tarsnap, the only secure online backup you can trust your data to. Even paranoids need backups. Feedback/Questions Effie - FreeBSD as a Workstation (https://github.com/BSDNow/bsdnow.tv/blob/master/episodes/611/feedback/effie%20-%20freebsd%20as%20a%20workstation.md) Send questions, comments, show ideas/topics, or stories you want mentioned on the show to feedback@bsdnow.tv (mailto:feedback@bsdnow.tv) Join us and other BSD Fans in our BSD Now Telegram channel (https://t.me/bsdnow)

This show has been flagged as Clean by the host. Standard UNIX password manager Password management is one of those computing problems you probably don't think about often, because modern computing usually has an obvious default solution built-in. A website prompts you for a password, and your browser auto-fills it in for you. Problem solved. However, not all browsers make it very easy to get to your passwords store, which makes it complex to migrate passwords to a new system without also migrating the rest of your user profile, or to share certain passwords between different users. There are several good open source options that offer alternatives to the obvious defaults, but as a user of Linux and UNIX, I love a minimal and stable solution when one is available. The pass command is a password manager that uses GPG encryption to keep your passwords safe, and it features several system integrations so you can use it seamlessly with your web browser of choice. Install pass The pass command is provided by the PasswordStore project. You can install it from your software repository or ports collection. For example, on Fedora: $ sudo dnf install pass On Debian and similar: $ sudo apt install pass Because the word pass is common, the name of the package may vary, depending on your distribution and operating system. For example, pass is available on Slackware and FreeBSD as password-store. The pass command is open source, so the source code is available at git.zx2c4.com/password-store. Create a GPG key First, you must have a GPG key to use for encryption. You can use a key you already have, or create a new one just for your password store. To create a GPG key, use the gpg command along with the --gen-key option (if you already have a key you want to use for your password store, you can skip this step): $ gpg --gen-key Answer the prompts to generate a key. When prompted to provide values for Real name, Email, and Comment, you must provide a response for each one, even though GPG allows you to leave them empty. In my experience, pass fails to initialize when one of those values is empty. For example, here are my responses for purposes of this article: Real name: Tux Email: tux@example.com Comment: My first key This information is combined, in a different order, to create a unique GPG ID. You can see your GPG key ID at any time: $ gpg --list-secret-keys | grep uid uid: Tux (My first key) tux@example.com Other than that, it's safe to accept the default and recommended options for each prompt. In the end, you have a GPG key to serve as the master key for your password store. You must keep this key safe. Back it up, keep a copy of your GPG keyring on a secure device. Should you lose this key, you lose access to your password store. Initialize a password store Next, you must initialize a password store on your system. When you do, you create a hidden directory where your passwords are stored, and you define which GPG key to use to encrypt passwords. To initialize a password store, use the pass init command along with your unique GPG key ID. Using my example key: $ pass init "Tux (My first key) " You can define more than one GPG key to use with your password store, should you intend to share passwords with another user or on another system using a different GPG key. Add and edit passwords To add a password to your password store, use the pass insert command followed by the URL (or any string) you want pass to keep. $ pass insert example.org Enter the password at the prompt, and then again to confirm. Most websites require more than just a password, and so pass can manage additional data, like username, email, and any other field. To add extra data to a password file, use pass edit followed by the URL or string you saved the password as: $ pass edit example.org The first line of a password file must be the password itself. After that first line, however, you can add any additional data you want, in the format of the field name followed by a colon and then the value. For example, to save tux as the value of the username field on a website: myFakePassword123 username: tux Some websites use an email address instead of a username: myFakePassword123 email: tux@example.com A password file can contain any data you want, so you can also add important notes or one-time recovery codes, and anything else you might find useful: myFake;_;Password123 email: tux@example.com recovery email: tux@example.org recovery code: 03a5-1992-ee12-238c note: This is your personal account, use company SSO at work List passwords To see all passwords in your password store: $ pass list Password Store ├── example.com ├── example.org You can also search your password store: $ pass find bandcamp Search Terms: bandcamp └── www.bandcamp.com Integrating your password store Your password store is perfectly usable from a terminal, but that's not the only way to use it. Using extensions, you can use pass as your web browser's password manager. There are several different applications that provide a bridge between pass and your browser. Most are listed in the CompatibleClients section of passwordstore.org. I use PassFF, which provides a Firefox extension. For browsers based on Chromium, you can use Browserpass with the Browserpass extension. In both cases, the browser extension requires a "host application", or a background bridge service to allow your browser to access the encrypted data in your password store. For PassFF, download the install script: $ wget https://codeberg.org/PassFF/passff-host/releases/download/latest/install_host_app.sh Review the script to confirm that it's just installing the host application, and then run it: $ bash ./install_host_app.sh firefox Python 3 executable located at /usr/bin/python3 Pass executable located at /usr/bin/pass Installing Firefox host config Native messaging host for Firefox has been installed to /home/tux/.mozilla/native-messaging-hosts. Install the browser extension, and then restart your browser. When you navigate to a URL with an file in your password store, a pass icon appears in the relevant fields. Click the icon to complete the form. Alternately, a pass icon appears in your browser's extension tray, providing a menu for direct interaction with many pass functions (such as copying data directly to your system clipboard, or auto-filling only a specific field, and so on.) Password management like UNIX The pass command is extensible, and there are some great add-ons for it. Here are some of my favourites: pass-otp: Add one-time password (OTP) functionality. pass-update: Add an easy workflow for updating passwords that you frequently change. pass-import: Import passwords from chrome, 1password, bitwarden, apple-keychain, gnome-keyring, keepass, lastpass, and many more (including pass itself, in the event you want to migrate a password store). The pass command and the password store system is a comfortably UNIX-like password management solution. It stores your passwords as text files in a format that doesn't even require you to have pass installed for access. As long as you have your GPG key, you can access and use the data in your password store. You own your data not only in the sense that it's local, but you have ownership of how you interact with it. You can sync your password stores between different machines using rsync or syncthing, or even backup the store to cloud storage. It's encrypted, and only you have the key.Provide feedback on this episode.

The S1 operating system can do it all! It can run on any computer, read any disk, and execute any software. It can be UNIX compatible, DOS compatible, and so, so much more! But... can S1 ship? Today we are talking about an operating system that sounds too good to be true. Is it another example of vaporware? Or is S1 really the world's most sophisticated operating system?  

Today we're talking all about crimes and murder here on MXTR-FM for Pop Stop 26! Titles all covering this guilty subject...lol Get your fix of passionate songs about passionate people doing very passionate things...lol Have fun with pop, rock, indie mixed blends you will love! Big shout out to new local fan in Greensboro, NC who found us on RhythmBox! Never heard of that server. I looked it up, its used on Linux and Unix so thats cool, probably a systems administrator or programmer etc.... We appreciate the support! Please hit us up let us know who you are! Find everything show related on Halshack.com Its a crime we aren't more known but you fans are helping our rhymes reach many non criminal minds...lol THANK YOU! 

OpenBSD 7.7, ZFS Orchestration Tools – Part 2: Replication, Switching customers from Linux to BSD because boring is good, Graphed and measured: running TCP input in parallel, Introducing an OpenBSD LLDP daemon, Hardware discovery: ACPI & Device Tree, The 2025 FreeBSD Community Survey is Here, and more NOTES This episode of BSDNow is brought to you by Tarsnap (https://www.tarsnap.com/bsdnow) and the BSDNow Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/bsdnow) Headlines OpenBSD 7.7 (https://OpenBSD.org/77.html) ZFS Orchestration Tools – Part 2: Replication (https://klarasystems.com/articles/zfs-orchestration-tools-part-2-replication/?utm_source=BSD%20Now&utm_medium=Podcast) News Roundup Switching customers from Linux to BSD because boring is good (https://www.theregister.com/2024/10/08/switching_from_linux_to_bsd/) Graphed and measured: running TCP input in parallel (http://undeadly.org/cgi?action=article;sid=20250418114827) Introducing an OpenBSD LLDP daemon (http://undeadly.org/cgi?action=article;sid=20250425082010) Hardware discovery: ACPI & Device Tree (https://blogsystem5.substack.com/p/hardware-autoconfiguration) The 2025 FreeBSD Community Survey is Here (https://freebsdfoundation.org/blog/the-2025-freebsd-community-survey-is-here/) Tarsnap This weeks episode of BSDNow was sponsored by our friends at Tarsnap, the only secure online backup you can trust your data to. Even paranoids need backups. Feedback/Questions Brad - new users (https://github.com/BSDNow/bsdnow.tv/blob/master/episodes/610/feedback/brad%20-%20new%20users.md) Send questions, comments, show ideas/topics, or stories you want mentioned on the show to feedback@bsdnow.tv (mailto:feedback@bsdnow.tv) Join us and other BSD Fans in our BSD Now Telegram channel (https://t.me/bsdnow)

More info: https://docs.anthropic.com/en/docs/claude-code/overview The AI coding wars have now split across four battlegrounds: 1. AI IDEs: with two leading startups in Windsurf ($3B acq. by OpenAI) and Cursor ($9B valuation) and a sea of competition behind them (like Cline, Github Copilot, etc). 2. Vibe coding platforms: Bolt.new, Lovable, v0, etc. all experiencing fast growth and getting to the tens of millions of revenue in months. 3. The teammate agents: Devin, Cosine, etc. Simply give them a task, and they will get back to you with a full PR (with mixed results) 4. The cli-based agents: after Aider's initial success, we are now seeing many other alternatives including two from the main labs: OpenAI Codex and Claude Code. The main draw is that 1) they are composable 2) they are pay as you go based on tokens used. Since we covered all three of the first categories, today's guests are Boris and Cat, the lead engineer and PM for Claude Code. If you only take one thing away from this episode, it's this piece from Boris: Claude Code is not a product as much as it's a Unix utility. This fits very well with Anthropic's product principle: “do the simple thing first.” Whether it's the memory implementation (a markdown file that gets auto-loaded) or the approach to prompt summarization (just ask Claude to summarize), they always pick the smallest building blocks that are useful, understandable, and extensible. Even major features like planning (“/think”) and memory (#tags in markdown) fit the same idea of having text I/O as the core interface. This is very similar to the original UNIX design philosophy: Claude Code is also the most direct way to consume Sonnet for coding, rather than going through all the hidden prompting and optimization than the other products do. You will feel that right away, as the average spend per user is $6/day on Claude Code compared to $20/mo for Cursor, for example. Apparently, there are some engineers inside of Anthropic that have spent >$1,000 in one day! If you're building AI developer tools, there's also a lot of alpha on how to design a cli tool, interactive vs non-interactive modes, and how to balance feature creation. Enjoy! Timestamps [00:00:00] Intro [00:01:59] Origins of Claude Code [00:04:32] Anthropic's Product Philosophy [00:07:38] What should go into Claude Code? [00:09:26] Claude.md and Memory Simplification [00:10:07] Claude Code vs Aider [00:11:23] Parallel Workflows and Unix Utility Philosophy [00:12:51] Cost considerations and pricing model [00:14:51] Key Features Shipped Since Launch [00:16:28] Claude Code writes 80% of Claude Code [00:18:01] Custom Slash Commands and MCP Integration [00:21:08] Terminal UX and Technical Stack [00:27:11] Code Review and Semantic Linting [00:28:33] Non-Interactive Mode and Automation [00:36:09] Engineering Productivity Metrics [00:37:47] Balancing Feature Creation and Maintenance [00:41:59] Memory and the Future of Context [00:50:10] Sandboxing, Branching, and Agent Planning [01:01:43] Future roadmap [01:11:00] Why Anthropic Excels at Developer Tools

Inside FreeBSD Netgraph: Behind the Curtain of Advanced Networking, Launching BSSG - My Journey from Dynamic CMS to Bash Static Site Generator, OpenZFS Cheat Sheet, Dipping my toes in OpenBSD in Amsterdam, SSH keys from a command: sshd's AuthorizedKeysCommand directive, How to move bhyve VM and Jail container from one host to another host, and more NOTES This episode of BSDNow is brought to you by Tarsnap (https://www.tarsnap.com/bsdnow) and the BSDNow Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/bsdnow) Headlines Inside FreeBSD Netgraph: Behind the Curtain of Advanced Networking (https://klarasystems.com/articles/inside-freebsd-netgraph-advanced-networking/?utm_source=BSD%20Now&utm_medium=Podcast) Launching BSSG - My Journey from Dynamic CMS to Bash Static Site Generator (https://it-notes.dragas.net/2025/04/07/launching-bssg-my-journey-from-dynamic-cms-to-bash-static-site-generator/) News Roundup OpenZFS Cheat Sheet (https://freebsdfoundation.org/blog/openzfs-cheat-sheet/) Dipping my toes in OpenBSD, in Amsterdam (https://ewintr.nl/posts/2025/dipping-my-toes-in-openbsd-in-amsterdam/) SSH keys from a command: sshd's AuthorizedKeysCommand directive (https://jpmens.net/2025/03/25/authorizedkeyscommand-in-sshd/) How to move bhyve VM and Jail container from one host to another host ? (https://vincentdelft.be/post/post_20250215) Tarsnap This weeks episode of BSDNow was sponsored by our friends at Tarsnap, the only secure online backup you can trust your data to. Even paranoids need backups. Feedback/Questions Dave - Webstack (https://github.com/BSDNow/bsdnow.tv/tree/master/episodes/609/feedback) Send questions, comments, show ideas/topics, or stories you want mentioned on the show to feedback@bsdnow.tv (mailto:feedback@bsdnow.tv) Join us and other BSD Fans in our BSD Now Telegram channel (https://t.me/bsdnow)

Robust & Reliable Backup Solutions with OpenZFS, Why I Maintain a 17 Year Old Thinkpad, Motivations, Tinker Writer Deck, How to tell if FreeBSD needs a Reboot using kernel version check, Techie pulled an all-nighter that one mistake turned into an all-weekender, and more NOTES This episode of BSDNow is brought to you by Tarsnap (https://www.tarsnap.com/bsdnow) and the BSDNow Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/bsdnow) Headlines World Backup Day 2025: Robust & Reliable Backup Solutions with OpenZFS (https://klarasystems.com/articles/world-backup-day-2025-robust-reliable-backup-solutions-with-openzfs/?utm_source=BSD%20Now&utm_medium=Podcast) Why I Maintain a 17 Year Old Thinkpad (https://pilledtexts.com/why-i-use-a-17-year-old-thinkpad/) News Roundup Motivations (https://stevengharms.com/longform/my-first-freebsd/motivations/) Tinker Writer Deck (https://tinker.sh/) How to tell if FreeBSD needs a Reboot using kernel version check (https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/freebsd-determine-if-a-system-reboot-is-necessary/) Techie pulled an all-nighter that one mistake turned into an all-weekender (https://www.theregister.com/2025/03/03/who_me/) Tarsnap This weeks episode of BSDNow was sponsored by our friends at Tarsnap, the only secure online backup you can trust your data to. Even paranoids need backups. Feedback/Questions Ian - Personal Web Stack (https://github.com/BSDNow/bsdnow.tv/blob/master/episodes/608/feedback/ian%20-%20personal%20stack.md) Brendan - Storage Backends (https://github.com/BSDNow/bsdnow.tv/blob/master/episodes/608/feedback/brendan%20-%20storage%20backends.md) Send questions, comments, show ideas/topics, or stories you want mentioned on the show to feedback@bsdnow.tv (mailto:feedback@bsdnow.tv) Join us and other BSD Fans in our BSD Now Telegram channel (https://t.me/bsdnow)

An airhacks.fm conversation with Volker Simonis (@volker_simonis) about: discussion about carnivorous plants, explanation of how different carnivorous plants capture prey through movement, glue, or digestive fluids, Utricularia uses vacuum to catch prey underwater, SAP's interest in developing their own JVM around Java 1.4/1.5 era, challenges with SAP's NetWeaver Java EE stack, difficulties maintaining Java across multiple Unix platforms (HP-UX, AIX, S390, Solaris) with different vendor JVMs, SAP's decision to license Sun's HotSpot source code, porting Hotspot to PA-RISC architecture on HP-UX, explanation of C++ interpreter versus Template interpreter in Hotspot, challenges with platform-specific C++ compilers and assembler code, detailed explanation of JVM internals including deoptimization, inlining, and safe points, SAP's contributions to openJDK including PowerPC port, challenges getting SAP to embrace open source, delays caused by Oracle's acquisition of Sun, SAP's extensive JVM porting work across multiple platforms, development of SAP JVM with additional features like profiling safe points, creation of SAP Machine as an open-source OpenJDK distribution, explanation of Java certification and trademark restrictions, Hotspot Express model allowing newer VM components in older Java versions, Volker's move to Amazon Corretto team after 15 years at SAP, brief discussion of ABAP versus Java at SAP, Volker's recent interest in GraalVM and native image technologies Volker Simonis on twitter: @volker_simonis

We should improve libzfs somewhat, Accurate Effective Storage Performance Benchmark, Debugging aids for pf firewall rules on FreeBSD, OpenBSD and Thunderbolt issue on ThinkPad T480s, Signing Git Commits with an SSH key, Pgrep, LibreOffice downloads on the rise, and more NOTES This episode of BSDNow is brought to you by Tarsnap (https://www.tarsnap.com/bsdnow) and the BSDNow Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/bsdnow) Headlines We should improve libzfs somewhat (https://despairlabs.com/blog/posts/2025-03-12-we-should-improve-libzfs-somewhat/) Accurate Effective Storage Performance Benchmark (https://klarasystems.com/articles/accurate-effective-storage-performance-benchmark/?utm_source=BSD%20Now&utm_medium=Podcast) News Roundup Debugging aids for pf firewall rules on FreeBSD (https://dan.langille.org/2025/02/24/debugging-aids-for-pf-firewall-rules-on-freebsd/) OpenBSD and Thunderbolt issue on ThinkPad T480s (https://www.tumfatig.net/2025/openbsd-and-thunderbolt-issue-on-thinkpad-t480s/) Signing Git Commits with an SSH key (https://jpmens.net/2025/02/26/signing-git-commits-with-an-ssh-key/) Pgrep (https://www.c0t0d0s0.org/blog/pgrep-z-r.html) LibreOffice downloads on the rise as users look to avoid subscription costs (https://www.computerworld.com/article/3840480/libreoffice-downloads-on-the-rise-as-users-look-to-avoid-subscription-costs.html) Tarsnap This weeks episode of BSDNow was sponsored by our friends at Tarsnap, the only secure online backup you can trust your data to. Even paranoids need backups. Feedback/Questions Felix - Bhyve and NVME (https://github.com/BSDNow/bsdnow.tv/blob/master/episodes/607/feedback/Felix%20-%20bhyve%20and%20nvme.md) Send questions, comments, show ideas/topics, or stories you want mentioned on the show to feedback@bsdnow.tv (mailto:feedback@bsdnow.tv) Join us and other BSD Fans in our BSD Now Telegram channel (https://t.me/bsdnow)

Join hosts Daniel Garcia and Eric Peterson as they dive into the latest news and updates in the BoxLang and CFML world. Don't miss out on insights, discussions, and what's coming next for modern software development!

FreeBSD 13.5-RELEASE Now Available, From Chaos to Clarity: How We Tackled FreeBSD's 7,000 Bug Backlog, zfs-2.3.1, Complications of funding an open source operating system, Why Choose to Use the BSDs in 2025, First Use on GhostBSD, Better Shell History Search, and more NOTES This episode of BSDNow is brought to you by Tarsnap (https://www.tarsnap.com/bsdnow) and the BSDNow Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/bsdnow) Headlines FreeBSD 13.5-RELEASE Now Available (https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-announce/2025-March/000181.html) From Chaos to Clarity: How We Tackled FreeBSD's 7,000 Bug Backlog (https://freebsdfoundation.org/blog/from-chaos-to-clarity-how-we-tackled-freebsds-7000-bug-backlog/) News Roundup zfs-2.3.1 (https://github.com/openzfs/zfs/releases/tag/zfs-2.3.1) Complications of funding an open source operating system (https://posixcafe.org/blogs/2025/03/11/0/) Why Choose to Use the BSDs in 2025 (https://it-notes.dragas.net/2025/03/23/osday-2025-why-choose-bsd-in-2025/) First Use on GhostBSD (https://technophobeconfessions.wordpress.com/2025/03/18/first-use-on-ghostbsd/) Better Shell History Search (https://tratt.net/laurie/blog/2025/better_shell_history_search.html) Tarsnap This weeks episode of BSDNow was sponsored by our friends at Tarsnap, the only secure online backup you can trust your data to. Even paranoids need backups. Feedback/Questions Russell - Questions (https://github.com/BSDNow/bsdnow.tv/blob/master/episodes/606/feedback/russell%20-%20questions.md) Send questions, comments, show ideas/topics, or stories you want mentioned on the show to feedback@bsdnow.tv (mailto:feedback@bsdnow.tv) Join us and other BSD Fans in our BSD Now Telegram channel (https://t.me/bsdnow)

FediMeteo: How a Tiny €4 FreeBSD VPS Became a Global Weather Service for Thousands, Core Infrastructure: Why You Need to Control Your NTP, Automatic Display switch for OpenBSD laptop, Using a 2013 Mac Pro as a FreeBSD Desktop, Some terminal frustrations, Copying all files of a directory, including hidden ones, with cp, You Should Use /tmp/ More, and more NOTES This episode of BSDNow is brought to you by Tarsnap (https://www.tarsnap.com/bsdnow) and the BSDNow Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/bsdnow) Headlines FediMeteo: How a Tiny €4 FreeBSD VPS Became a Global Weather Service for Thousands (https://it-notes.dragas.net/2025/02/26/fedimeteo-how-a-tiny-freebsd-vps-became-a-global-weather-service-for-thousands/) Core Infrastructure: Why You Need to Control Your NTP (https://klarasystems.com/articles/core-infrastructure-why-you-need-to-control-your-ntp/?utm_source=BSD%20Now&utm_medium=Podcast) News Roundup Automatic Display switch for OpenBSD laptop (https://www.tumfatig.net/2024/automatic-display-switch-for-openbsd-laptop/) Using a 2013 Mac Pro as a FreeBSD Desktop (https://forums.FreeBSD.org/threads/using-a-2013-mac-pro-as-a-freebsd-desktop.96805/) Some terminal frustrations (https://jvns.ca/blog/2025/02/05/some-terminal-frustrations/) Copying all files of a directory, including hidden ones, with cp (https://bhoot.dev/2025/cp-dot-copies-everything/) You Should Use /tmp/ More (https://atthis.link/blog/2025/58671.html) Tarsnap This weeks episode of BSDNow was sponsored by our friends at Tarsnap, the only secure online backup you can trust your data to. Even paranoids need backups. Feedback/Questions Tyler - Toms request (https://github.com/BSDNow/bsdnow.tv/blob/master/episodes/605/feedback/Tyler%20-%20Toms%20request.md) Send questions, comments, show ideas/topics, or stories you want mentioned on the show to feedback@bsdnow.tv (mailto:feedback@bsdnow.tv) Join us and other BSD Fans in our BSD Now Telegram channel (https://t.me/bsdnow)

The Future Looking Back At Us: Joanne McNeil on Cyberpunk, Why ZFS reports less available space, We are destroying software, FreeBSD 13.5 Overcomes UFS Y2038 Problem To Push It Out To Year 2106, 1972 UNIX V2 "Beta" Resurrected, Some thoughts on why 'inetd activation' didn't catch on, If you believe in “Artificial Intelligence”, take five minutes to ask it about stuff you know well, and more NOTES This episode of BSDNow is brought to you by Tarsnap (https://www.tarsnap.com/bsdnow) and the BSDNow Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/bsdnow) Headlines The Future Looking Back At Us: Joanne McNeil on Cyberpunk (https://filmmakermagazine.com/127295-joanne-mcneil-cyberpunk/) Why ZFS reports less available space space accounting explained/ (https://klarasystems.com/articles/why-zfs-reports-less-available-space-space-accounting-explained/?utm_source=BSD%20Now&utm_medium=Podcast) We are destroying software (https://antirez.com/news/145) News Roundup FreeBSD 13.5 Overcomes UFS Y2038 Problem To Push It Out To Year 2106 (https://www.phoronix.com/news/FreeBSD-13.5-Beta-2) TUHS: 1972 UNIX V2 "Beta" Resurrected (https://www.tuhs.org/pipermail/tuhs/2025-February/031420.html) Some thoughts on why 'inetd activation' didn't catch on (https://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/sysadmin/InetdActivationWhyNot) If you believe in “Artificial Intelligence”, take five minutes to ask it about stuff you know well (https://svpow.com/2025/02/14/if-you-believe-in-artificial-intelligence-take-five-minutes-to-ask-it-about-stuff-you-know-well/) Tarsnap This weeks episode of BSDNow was sponsored by our friends at Tarsnap, the only secure online backup you can trust your data to. Even paranoids need backups. Feedback/Questions Nelson - gcc puzzlement (https://github.com/BSDNow/bsdnow.tv/blob/master/episodes/604/feedback/Nelson%20-%20gcc%20puzzlement.md) Send questions, comments, show ideas/topics, or stories you want mentioned on the show to feedback@bsdnow.tv (mailto:feedback@bsdnow.tv) Join us and other BSD Fans in our BSD Now Telegram channel (https://t.me/bsdnow)

This week Carter and Nathan take a break from books and discuss the the seminal Worse is Better essays by Richard P. Gabriel. Join them as they how Unix and C were once perceived, tradeoffs in software design, and whether or not worse is truly better!-- Books Mentioned in this Episode --Note: As an Amazon Associate, we earn from qualifying purchases.----------------------------------------------------------Worse is Betterhttps://www.dreamsongs.com/WorseIsBetter.htmlRise of Worse is Betterhttps://www.dreamsongs.com/RiseOfWorseIsBetter.html----------------00:00 Intro01:37 About the Essays06:18 Thoughts on the Essays15:48 "the right thing" vs "worse is better" or MIT vs New Jersey39:59 Usefulness: Why worse beats better49:41 when worse is worse57:31 Final Thoughts----------------Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5kj6DLCEWR5nHShlSYJI5LApple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/book-overflow/id1745257325X: https://x.com/bookoverflowpodCarter on X: https://x.com/cartermorganNathan's Functionally Imperative: www.functionallyimperative.com----------------Book Overflow is a podcast for software engineers, by software engineers dedicated to improving our craft by reading the best technical books in the world. Join Carter Morgan and Nathan Toups as they read and discuss a new technical book each week!The full book schedule and links to every major podcast player can be found at https://www.bookoverflow.io

OpenZFS RAID-Z Expansion: A New Era in Storage Flexibility, ZFS Orchestration Tools – Part 1: Snapshots, The Case of UNIX vs. The UNIX System, OpenBGPD 8.8 released, OPNsense 25.1, and more NOTES This episode of BSDNow is brought to you by Tarsnap (https://www.tarsnap.com/bsdnow) and the BSDNow Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/bsdnow) Headlines OpenZFS RAID-Z Expansion: A New Era in Storage Flexibility (https://freebsdfoundation.org/blog/openzfs-raid-z-expansion-a-new-era-in-storage-flexibility/) ZFS Orchestration Tools – Part 1: Snapshots (https://klarasystems.com/articles/zfs-orchestration-part-1-zfs-snapshots-tools/?utm_source=BSD%20Now&utm_medium=Podcast) News Roundup Manage OpenBSD with AWS Systems Manager (https://rsadowski.de/posts/2025-01-23-manage-openbsd-with-ssm/) TUHS:The Case of UNIX vs. The UNIX System (https://www.tuhs.org/pipermail/tuhs/2025-February/031403.html) OpenBGPD 8.8 released (https://www.undeadly.org/cgi?action=article;sid=20250207192657) OPNsense 25.1 (https://forum.opnsense.org/index.php?topic=45460.msg227323) Tarsnap This weeks episode of BSDNow was sponsored by our friends at Tarsnap, the only secure online backup you can trust your data to. Even paranoids need backups. Feedback/Questions Send questions, comments, show ideas/topics, or stories you want mentioned on the show to feedback@bsdnow.tv (mailto:feedback@bsdnow.tv) Join us and other BSD Fans in our BSD Now Telegram channel (https://t.me/bsdnow)

This episode dives into the fascinating evolution of server technology, from room-sized mainframes to today's AI-powered cloud computing. It explores the innovations, rivalries, and key players—IBM, Microsoft, Unix pioneers, and the rise of Linux—that shaped the industry. The discussion covers the transition from minicomputers to personal computing, the impact of open-source software, and the shift toward containerization, hybrid cloud, and AI-driven infrastructure. With a focus on the forces driving technological progress, this episode unpacks the past, present, and future of server technology and its role in digital transformation.

I Tried FreeBSD as a Desktop in 2025. Here's How It Went, Cray 1 Supercomputer Performance Comparisons With Home Computers Phones and Tablets, The first perfect computer, Find Name Wildcard Gotcha, and more NOTES This episode of BSDNow is brought to you by Tarsnap (https://www.tarsnap.com/bsdnow) and the BSDNow Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/bsdnow) Headlines I Tried FreeBSD as a Desktop in 2025. Here's How It Went (https://www.howtogeek.com/i-tried-freebsd-as-a-desktop-heres-how-it-went/) Cray 1 Supercomputer Performance Comparisons With Home Computers Phones and Tablets (http://www.roylongbottom.org.uk/Cray%201%20Supercomputer%20Performance%20Comparisons%20With%20Home%20Computers%20Phones%20and%20Tablets.htm) News Roundup State of virtualizing the BSDs on Apple Silicon (https://briancallahan.net/blog/20250222.html) The first perfect computer (https://celso.io/posts/2025/01/26/the-first-perfect-computer/) Find Name Wildcard Gotcha (https://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/FindNameWildcardGotcha) New Patreon Levels Level 1 - user memory (Tip Jar) @ $1 / month Show your support for the show Level 2 - virtual memory (Ad-Free Episodes) @ $5 / month Ad-free episodes Level 3 - kmem (VIP Patron) @ $10 / month Everything in higher memory levels & Your feedback and questions jump the queue and go in the next episode. Personal shout outs (with your consent) for recommending articles we cover. Level 4 - physical memory @ $20 / month What's included: Everything in higher memory levels & You can send in audio/video questions and we'll air your audio in the show feedback section (if the quality of your recording is decent) Behind-the-scenes content - Raw Video from Recording sessions with intro/outro discussion not included in the show Additional Content when we all make it Tarsnap This weeks episode of BSDNow was sponsored by our friends at Tarsnap, the only secure online backup you can trust your data to. Even paranoids need backups. Feedback/Questions Send questions, comments, show ideas/topics, or stories you want mentioned on the show to feedback@bsdnow.tv (mailto:feedback@bsdnow.tv) Join us and other BSD Fans in our BSD Now Telegram channel (https://t.me/bsdnow)

We are back with Ajai Chowdhry as he launches his latest book, 'Just Aspire', a thought-provoking account of his entrepreneurial journey and insights on technology, innovation, and the future. In this episode, we dive into the fascinating story of HCL's rise to success, from its humble beginnings to its current status as a global IT leader. Join us as we explore HCL's pioneering achievements, its impact on Indian computing, and Ajai Chowdhry's vision for the future of technology in India.Resource list - Just Aspire by Ajai Chowdry - https://amzn.in/d/2c7uXE7 The HCL story - https://hcl.com/hcl-story/ HCL's first computer - https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/story-hcl-8c-first-personal-computer-india-rama-ayyar?utm_source=share&utm_medium=guest_desktop&utm_campaign=copy What is Unix? - https://www.hpc.iastate.edu/guides/unix-introduction https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix HCL's collaboration with Nokia - https://www.nokia.com/about-us/news/releases/2018/06/21/nokia-signs-five-year-global-it-infrastructure-and-application-services-deal-with-hcl-technologies/#:~:text=%22This%20expansion%20of%20the%20HCL,of%20key%20IT%20systems%20&%20processes.&text=We%20create%20the%20technology%20to,of%20products%2C%20services%20and%20licensing.  https://theprint.in/pageturner/excerpt/how-hcl-nokia-partnership-made-mobile-phones-affordable-for-indians-in-the-1990s/1517817/ 

The PC is Dead: It's Time to Make Computing Personal Again, The Biggest Unix Security Loophole, The monospace Web, What a FreeBSD kernel message about your bridge means, Installing FreeBSD on a HP 250 G9, Networking for System Administrators, and more. NOTES This episode of BSDNow is brought to you by Tarsnap (https://www.tarsnap.com/bsdnow) and the BSDNow Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/bsdnow) Headlines The PC is Dead: It's Time to Make Computing Personal Again (https://www.vintagecomputing.com/index.php/archives/3292/the-pc-is-dead-its-time-to-make-computing-personal-again) The Biggest Unix Security Loophole (https://www.tuhs.org/Archive/Documentation/TechReports/Bell_Labs/ReedsShellHoles.pdf) News Roundup The monospace Web (https://owickstrom.github.io/the-monospace-web/) What a FreeBSD kernel message about your bridge means (https://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/FreeBSDBridgeMacMovedMessage) Installing FreeBSD on a HP 250 G9 (https://brunopacheco1.github.io/posts/installing-freebsd-on-hp-250-g9/) Networking for System Administrators (https://mwl.io/nonfiction/networking#n4sa) Tarsnap This weeks episode of BSDNow was sponsored by our friends at Tarsnap, the only secure online backup you can trust your data to. Even paranoids need backups. Feedback/Questions Send questions, comments, show ideas/topics, or stories you want mentioned on the show to feedback@bsdnow.tv (mailto:feedback@bsdnow.tv) Join us and other BSD Fans in our BSD Now Telegram channel (https://t.me/bsdnow)

We have Kernel resignations, A GPL court case of some importance, and Mozilla's potentially broken promise. Curl maintainers have thoughts, Some gaming classics have gone open source, COSMIC has another Alpha, and ROCm probably isn't ready for the 9070. For tips we have Chronic out of MoreUtils, pipewire's pw-loopback for audio looping fun, wall for sending terminal messages, and usbip for spooky USB actions at a distance. You can find the show notes at https://bit.ly/4h3ggLi and we'll see you next time! Host: Jonathan Bennett Co-Hosts: Rob Campbell, Jeff Massie, and Ken McDonald Download or subscribe to Untitled Linux Show at https://twit.tv/shows/untitled-linux-show Want access to the ad-free video and exclusive features? Become a member of Club TWiT today! https://twit.tv/clubtwit Club TWiT members can discuss this episode and leave feedback in the Club TWiT Discord.

Lead Asahi Developer stands down, moderators reminiscing about joining the podcast, Support for the Radxa Orian O6 board in OpenBSD, FreeBSD and hi-fi audio setup: bit-perfect, equalizer, real-time, OpenBGPD 8.8 released, and more NOTES This episode of BSDNow is brought to you by Tarsnap (https://www.tarsnap.com/bsdnow) and the BSDNow Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/bsdnow) Topics Hector Martin stands down as lead developer on Asahi Linux (https://asahilinux.org/2025/02/passing-the-torch/) No forward progress for Rust to be given first class status in the kernel Having to maintain a thousand plus patches against a fast moving upstream project (Linux Kernel) Dwindling funds What does this mean for sister projects like OpenBSD? 600th episode flash back When did you come across BSDNow? What are some of your highlights? Where are we going in the future...? What would we like to do for the show as hosts. Pie in the sky thinking and discussion. Round Up Support for the Radxa Orian O6 board in OpenBSD (https://marc.info/?l=openbsd-arm&m=173823317816570&w=2) As well, the NetBSD project is trying to bring up this board Conversation around the state of ARM64 SoC and options LibreSSL is not affected by the OpenSSL vulnerabilities (https://www.securityweek.com/high-severity-openssl-vulnerability-found-by-apple-allows-mitm-attacks/) announced today. FreeBSD and hi-fi audio setup: bit-perfect, equalizer, real-time (https://m4c.pl/blog/freebsd-audio-setup-bitperfect-equalizer-realtime/) OpenBGPD 8.8 released (http://undeadly.org/cgi?action=article;sid=20250207192657) Tarsnap This weeks episode of BSDNow was sponsored by our friends at Tarsnap, the only secure online backup you can trust your data to. Even paranoids need backups. Feedback/Questions The Most Important Question (https://github.com/BSDNow/bsdnow.tv/blob/master/episodes/600/feedback/jt%20-%20the_most_important_question.md) Send questions, comments, show ideas/topics, or stories you want mentioned on the show to feedback@bsdnow.tv (mailto:feedback@bsdnow.tv) Join us and other BSD Fans in our BSD Now Telegram channel (https://t.me/bsdnow)

Please enjoy this encore of Career Notes. Senior technical project manager Dwayne Price takes us on his career journey from databases to project management. Always fascinated with technology and one who appreciates the aspects of the business side of a computer implementations, Dwayne attended UMBC for both his undergraduate and graduate degrees in information systems management. A strong Unix administration background prepared him to understand the relationship between Unix administration and database security. He recommends those interested in cybersecurity check out the NICE Framework as it speaks to all the various different types of roles in cybersecurity, Dwayne prides himself on his communication skills and openness. We thank Dwayne for sharing his story with us. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Please enjoy this encore of Career Notes. Senior technical project manager Dwayne Price takes us on his career journey from databases to project management. Always fascinated with technology and one who appreciates the aspects of the business side of a computer implementations, Dwayne attended UMBC for both his undergraduate and graduate degrees in information systems management. A strong Unix administration background prepared him to understand the relationship between Unix administration and database security. He recommends those interested in cybersecurity check out the NICE Framework as it speaks to all the various different types of roles in cybersecurity, Dwayne prides himself on his communication skills and openness. We thank Dwayne for sharing his story with us. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Foundations of Amateur Radio Recently I received a lovely email from Michele IU4TBF asking some pertinent questions about the Bald Yak project. If you're unfamiliar, the Bald Yak project aims to create a modular, bidirectional and distributed signal processing and control system that leverages GNU Radio. The short answer to how I'm doing getting GNU Radio to play nice with my computer is that I have bruises on my forehead from banging my head against the wall. When I get to success I'll document it. To be clear, I'm not sure what the root cause is. I suspect it lies between the GNU Radio developers, the people making packages and the manufacturer of my computer. I'm the lucky one stuck in the middle. A more interesting question that Michele asked was, for Bald Yak, what is the A/D and D/A requirement for making GNU Radio talk to an antenna? This is a much deeper question that meets the eye and I think it serves as a way to discuss what I think that this project looks like. Ultimately in the digital realm, to receive, an analogue antenna signal needs to be converted to digital using an Analogue to Digital or A/D converter, and to transmit, the reverse uses a Digital to Analogue or D/A converter to make an electrical signal appear on your antenna. The specific A/D or D/A converter determines what you can do. The sampling rate of such a converter determines what frequencies it can handle, the sample size determines the range of signals it can handle. You can compare it with a video screen. The sample rate determines how many pixels on the screen, the sample size determines how many colours in each pixel. The sample rate of an A/D converter is measured in samples per second. If the device only has one channel, you could think of this as Hertz, but if there are multiple channels, like say a sound-card, the sample rate is likely equally divided across each channel. You might have a sound card capable of 384 thousand samples per second, or kilo-samples, but if it supports simultaneous stereo audio input and output, only 96 of those 384 kilo-samples will be allocated to each channel and only half of those will actually help reconstruct the audio signal, leaving you with 48 kHz audio. In other words, the advertised frequency response might not have a direct and obvious relationship with the sample rate. At the moment I have access to a few different A/D and D/A converters. The simplest one, a USB audio sound card, appears to do up to 192 kilo-samples at 16 bits. The next one, an RTL-SDR tops out at a theoretical rate of 3.2 million or mega-samples at 8 bits. The Analog Devices ADALM-PLUTO, or PlutoSDR handles 61.44 mega-samples at 12 bits. Now, to be clear, there are other limitations and considerations which I'm skipping over. Consider for example the speed at which each of these devices can talk to a computer, in this case over USB. I'm also going to ignore things like mixers, allowing devices like the RTL-SDR and PlutoSDR to tune across frequency ranges that go beyond their sample rate. Each of these three devices can convert an analogue antenna signal into bits that can be processed by GNU Radio. All of them can also be used to do the opposite and transmit. Yes, you heard me, several amateurs figured out that an RTL-SDR can actually transmit. Credit to Ismo OH2FTG, Tatu OH2EAT, and Oscar IK1XPV. The point being that whatever Bald Yak looks like, it will need to handle a range of A/D and D/A converters. As I've said previously, I'm aiming for this to work incrementally for everyone. This means that if you have a sound card in your computer or an $8 USB one, this should work and if you have an $33,000 NI Ettus USRP X410 lying around, this too should work. Also, if you have an X410 lying around not doing anything, I'd be happy to put it to use, you know, for testing. So, kidding aside, what about the rest of the Bald Yak experience? GNU Radio works with things called blocks. Essentially little programs that take data, do something to it, then output it in some way. It follows the Unix philosophy, make each program do one thing well, expect the output of every program to become the input to another, design and build software to be tried early and use tools rather than unskilled labour. Amateur radio transceivers traditionally use electronics blocks, but if we move to software, we can update and expand our capabilities as the computer we're using gets faster and the GNU Radio blocks evolve, and because it's all digital the computer doesn't actually have to be in the same box, let alone the same room, it could be in multiple boxes scattered around the Internet. So, the idea of Bald Yak is a collection of blocks that allow you to do radio things. You might have a separate box for each amateur radio mode, AM, FM, SSB, RTTY, CW, WSPR, FT8, FT4, Q65, but also modes like Olivia, FreeDV, SSTV, Packet, PSK31 or Thor. Instead of having to figure out how to wire these modes into your radio and your computer, the infrastructure is already there and you just download another block for a mode you want to play with. We'll need to deal with variables like which A/D and D/A converter is being used and what their limitations are. We'll also need to build a command and control layer and probably a few other things. I'm considering a few other aspects. For example, GNU Radio is mostly run with text files. We might distribute those using something like a web store. GNU Radio is proving hard to install, perhaps a LiveCD is the way to go. We'll need to come up with a base level of functionality and the documentation to go with it. I'm still contemplating how to best licence this all, specifically to stop it from being exploited. Feel free to get in touch if you have ideas. I'm Onno VK6FLAB

Controlling Your Core Infrastructure: DNS, Laptop Support and Usability Project Update, FreeBSD at FOSDEM 2025, Uploading a message to an IMAP server using curl, The Death of Email Forwarding, Cruising a VPS at OpenBSD Amsterdam, and more NOTES This episode of BSDNow is brought to you by Tarsnap (https://www.tarsnap.com/bsdnow) and the BSDNow Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/bsdnow) Headlines Controlling Your Core Infrastructure: DNS (https://klarasystems.com/articles/controlling-core-infrastructure-dns-server-setup/) Laptop Support and Usability Project Update: First Monthly Report & Community Initiatives (https://freebsdfoundation.org/blog/laptop-support-and-usability-project-update-first-monthly-report-community-initiatives/) News Roundup FreeBSD at FOSDEM 2025 (https://freebsdfoundation.org/blog/freebsd-at-fosdem-2025/) Uploading a message to an IMAP server using curl (https://jpmens.net/2025/01/23/uploading-a-message-to-an-imap-server-using-curl/) The Death of Email Forwarding (https://www.mythic-beasts.com/blog/2025/01/29/the-death-of-email-forwarding/) Cruising a VPS at OpenBSD Amsterdam (https://www.tumfatig.net/2025/cruising-a-vps-at-openbsd-amsterdam/) Tarsnap This weeks episode of BSDNow was sponsored by our friends at Tarsnap, the only secure online backup you can trust your data to. Even paranoids need backups. Feedback/Questions Send questions, comments, show ideas/topics, or stories you want mentioned on the show to feedback@bsdnow.tv (mailto:feedback@bsdnow.tv) Join us and other BSD Fans in our BSD Now Telegram channel (https://t.me/bsdnow)

Why should companies focus on their uniqueness and meeting customer needs instead of competing directly with industry giants? Philippe Bouissou, a renowned business strategist and founder of Blue Dots Partners, has dedicated his career to understanding the factors that drive business growth. With extensive experience in entrepreneurship, CEO roles, and venture capitalism, Bouissou has significantly shaped the business landscape through his consulting projects and investments. He believes that alignment is crucial for creating and sustaining business value, emphasizing that businesses must focus on growth to remain competitive, particularly by attracting top talent and meeting customer needs. Bouissou's approach, rooted in a strong analytical foundation, advocates for understanding customer pain points and uniquely positioning businesses in the market to create value and foster enduring success. Key Takeaways: → Aligning a business with its target market is crucial for growth and value creation. → Understanding customer pain points and aligning them with business claims is essential for success. → Frictionless transactions enhance customer experience and drive brand preference. → Businesses should focus on being unique and meeting customer needs instead of competing directly with giants. → Setting proper expectations for customers is crucial for satisfaction and retention   More from Philippe Bouissou Dr. Philippe Bouissou is a distinguished Silicon Valley veteran with over three decades of experience as a best-selling author, TEDx speaker, growth expert, venture capitalist, CEO, and entrepreneur. As the CEO of Blue Dots Partners, LLC, a Palo Alto-based management consulting firm, he employs a universal, data-driven, and prescriptive methodology to accelerate business growth. Dr. Bouissou's career began with the founding of G2i, Inc., a Unix software company that was successfully acquired. He then served as Senior Vice President at Matra Hachette Multimedia, Inc., overseeing business development for electronic publishing within the $12 billion high-tech and diversified media conglomerate. At Apple, Dr. Bouissou founded and led the company's eCommerce business, scaling its revenue from zero to $350 million under Steve Jobs' leadership—a figure that surpassed $75 billion in 2023. Drawing inspiration from his tenure at Apple, he transitioned into venture capital, investing $43 million with double-digit cash-on-cash returns. Dr. Bouissou has served on 25 Boards of Directors, including three current positions, and has led over 210 management consulting projects. He is an alumnus of the prestigious École Normale Supérieure in Paris, holding a BS in Mathematics, an MS in Physics, and a Ph.D. in nonlinear physics with a focus on chaos theory. Website: https://bluedotspartners.com/author/admin/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/phbouissou/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/phbouissou/   If you are an experienced CEO looking to grow your company, visit https://www.TheCEOProject.com   You can also reach Jim by email: Jim@TheCEOProject.com   LinkedIn: @theceoproject Instagram: @the_ceoproject Twitter/X: @the_CEO_Project Facebook:  @IncCEOproject

Please enjoy this encore of Career Notes. Senior Program Manager for Governance, Risk and Compliance at Illumio, Maria Thompson-Saeb shares experiences that led to her career in cybersecurity. Interested in computers and not a fan of math, Maria opted for information systems management rather than computer science. She started her career as a government contractor. Once in the private sector, Maria moved into the Unix and Linux environments where she says "something that would totally change everything." She gained an interest in security and took it upon herself to train up and move into that realm. Maria notes it was not without roadblocks, but that being flexible helped her address those challenges and make her career in security happen. We thank Maria for sharing her story. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Please enjoy this encore of Career Notes. Senior Program Manager for Governance, Risk and Compliance at Illumio, Maria Thompson-Saeb shares experiences that led to her career in cybersecurity. Interested in computers and not a fan of math, Maria opted for information systems management rather than computer science. She started her career as a government contractor. Once in the private sector, Maria moved into the Unix and Linux environments where she says "something that would totally change everything." She gained an interest in security and took it upon herself to train up and move into that realm. Maria notes it was not without roadblocks, but that being flexible helped her address those challenges and make her career in security happen. We thank Maria for sharing her story. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Burnie and Ashley discuss Valentine's Day Eve, death by meteor, Duolingo's bizarre mascot lore, Captain America 4, Y2K II, the Unix 2038 problem, and trying to name the last three Marvel movies.

Key Considerations for Benchmarking Network Storage Performance, OpenZFS 2.3.0 available, Updates on AsiaBSDcon, GhostBSD Desktop Conference, Recovering from external zroot, Create a new issue in a Github repository with Ansible, Stories I refuse to believe, date limit in UFS1 filesystem extended, and more NOTES This episode of BSDNow is brought to you by Tarsnap (https://www.tarsnap.com/bsdnow) and the BSDNow Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/bsdnow) Headlines Key Considerations for Benchmarking Network Storage Performance (https://klarasystems.com/articles/considerations-benchmarking-network-storage-performance/) OpenZFS 2.3.0 available (https://github.com/openzfs/zfs/releases/tag/zfs-2.3.0) News Roundup Updates on AsiaBSDCon 2025 - Cancelled - (https://lists.asiabsdcon.org/pipermail/announce/2025-January/000046.html) GhostBSD Desktop Conference (https://www.phoronix.com/news/BSD-Desktop-Conference-GhostBSD) Recovering from external zroot (https://adventurist.me/posts/00350) Create a new issue in a Github repository with Ansible (https://jpmens.net/2025/01/25/create-a-new-issue-in-a-github-repository/) Stories I refuse to believe (https://flak.tedunangst.com/post/stories-i-refuse-to-believe) Defer the January 19, 2038 date limit in UFS1 filesystems to February 7, 2106 (https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=1111a44301da39d7b7459c784230e1405e8980f8) Tarsnap This weeks episode of BSDNow was sponsored by our friends at Tarsnap, the only secure online backup you can trust your data to. Even paranoids need backups. Feedback/Questions Feedback - Nelson - Ada/GCC (https://github.com/BSDNow/bsdnow.tv/blob/master/episodes/598/feedback/Nelson%20Feedback.md) Send questions, comments, show ideas/topics, or stories you want mentioned on the show to feedback@bsdnow.tv (mailto:feedback@bsdnow.tv) Join us and other BSD Fans in our BSD Now Telegram channel (https://t.me/bsdnow)

If you're in SF, join us tomorrow for a fun meetup at CodeGen Night!If you're in NYC, join us for AI Engineer Summit! The Agent Engineering track is now sold out, but 25 tickets remain for AI Leadership and 5 tickets for the workshops. You can see the full schedule of speakers and workshops at https://ai.engineer!It's exceedingly hard to introduce someone like Bret Taylor. We could recite his Wikipedia page, or his extensive work history through Silicon Valley's greatest companies, but everyone else already does that.As a podcast by AI engineers for AI engineers, we had the opportunity to do something a little different. We wanted to dig into what Bret sees from his vantage point at the top of our industry for the last 2 decades, and how that explains the rise of the AI Architect at Sierra, the leading conversational AI/CX platform.“Across our customer base, we are seeing a new role emerge - the role of the AI architect. These leaders are responsible for helping define, manage and evolve their company's AI agent over time. They come from a variety of both technical and business backgrounds, and we think that every company will have one or many AI architects managing their AI agent and related experience.”In our conversation, Bret Taylor confirms the Paul Buchheit legend that he rewrote Google Maps in a weekend, armed with only the help of a then-nascent Google Closure Compiler and no other modern tooling. But what we find remarkable is that he was the PM of Maps, not an engineer, though of course he still identifies as one. We find this theme recurring throughout Bret's career and worldview. We think it is plain as day that AI leadership will have to be hands-on and technical, especially when the ground is shifting as quickly as it is today:“There's a lot of power in combining product and engineering into as few people as possible… few great things have been created by committee.”“If engineering is an order taking organization for product you can sometimes make meaningful things, but rarely will you create extremely well crafted breakthrough products. Those tend to be small teams who deeply understand the customer need that they're solving, who have a maniacal focus on outcomes.”“And I think the reason why is if you look at like software as a service five years ago, maybe you can have a separation of product and engineering because most software as a service created five years ago. I wouldn't say there's like a lot of technological breakthroughs required for most business applications. And if you're making expense reporting software or whatever, it's useful… You kind of know how databases work, how to build auto scaling with your AWS cluster, whatever, you know, it's just, you're just applying best practices to yet another problem. "When you have areas like the early days of mobile development or the early days of interactive web applications, which I think Google Maps and Gmail represent, or now AI agents, you're in this constant conversation with what the requirements of your customers and stakeholders are and all the different people interacting with it and the capabilities of the technology. And it's almost impossible to specify the requirements of a product when you're not sure of the limitations of the technology itself.”This is the first time the difference between technical leadership for “normal” software and for “AI” software was articulated this clearly for us, and we'll be thinking a lot about this going forward. We left a lot of nuggets in the conversation, so we hope you'll just dive in with us (and thank Bret for joining the pod!)Timestamps* 00:00:02 Introductions and Bret Taylor's background* 00:01:23 Bret's experience at Stanford and the dot-com era* 00:04:04 The story of rewriting Google Maps backend* 00:11:06 Early days of interactive web applications at Google* 00:15:26 Discussion on product management and engineering roles* 00:21:00 AI and the future of software development* 00:26:42 Bret's approach to identifying customer needs and building AI companies* 00:32:09 The evolution of business models in the AI era* 00:41:00 The future of programming languages and software development* 00:49:38 Challenges in precisely communicating human intent to machines* 00:56:44 Discussion on Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) and its impact* 01:08:51 The future of agent-to-agent communication* 01:14:03 Bret's involvement in the OpenAI leadership crisis* 01:22:11 OpenAI's relationship with Microsoft* 01:23:23 OpenAI's mission and priorities* 01:27:40 Bret's guiding principles for career choices* 01:29:12 Brief discussion on pasta-making* 01:30:47 How Bret keeps up with AI developments* 01:32:15 Exciting research directions in AI* 01:35:19 Closing remarks and hiring at Sierra Transcript[00:02:05] Introduction and Guest Welcome[00:02:05] Alessio: Hey everyone, welcome to the Latent Space Podcast. This is Alessio, partner and CTO at Decibel Partners, and I'm joined by my co host swyx, founder of smol.ai.[00:02:17] swyx: Hey, and today we're super excited to have Bret Taylor join us. Welcome. Thanks for having me. It's a little unreal to have you in the studio.[00:02:25] swyx: I've read about you so much over the years, like even before. Open AI effectively. I mean, I use Google Maps to get here. So like, thank you for everything that you've done. Like, like your story history, like, you know, I think people can find out what your greatest hits have been.[00:02:40] Bret Taylor's Early Career and Education[00:02:40] swyx: How do you usually like to introduce yourself when, you know, you talk about, you summarize your career, like, how do you look at yourself?[00:02:47] Bret: Yeah, it's a great question. You know, we, before we went on the mics here, we're talking about the audience for this podcast being more engineering. And I do think depending on the audience, I'll introduce myself differently because I've had a lot of [00:03:00] corporate and board roles. I probably self identify as an engineer more than anything else though.[00:03:04] Bret: So even when I was. Salesforce, I was coding on the weekends. So I think of myself as an engineer and then all the roles that I do in my career sort of start with that just because I do feel like engineering is sort of a mindset and how I approach most of my life. So I'm an engineer first and that's how I describe myself.[00:03:24] Bret: You majored in computer[00:03:25] swyx: science, like 1998. And, and I was high[00:03:28] Bret: school, actually my, my college degree was Oh, two undergrad. Oh, three masters. Right. That old.[00:03:33] swyx: Yeah. I mean, no, I was going, I was going like 1998 to 2003, but like engineering wasn't as, wasn't a thing back then. Like we didn't have the title of senior engineer, you know, kind of like, it was just.[00:03:44] swyx: You were a programmer, you were a developer, maybe. What was it like in Stanford? Like, what was that feeling like? You know, was it, were you feeling like on the cusp of a great computer revolution? Or was it just like a niche, you know, interest at the time?[00:03:57] Stanford and the Dot-Com Bubble[00:03:57] Bret: Well, I was at Stanford, as you said, from 1998 to [00:04:00] 2002.[00:04:02] Bret: 1998 was near the peak of the dot com bubble. So. This is back in the day where most people that they're coding in the computer lab, just because there was these sun microsystems, Unix boxes there that most of us had to do our assignments on. And every single day there was a. com like buying pizza for everybody.[00:04:20] Bret: I didn't have to like, I got. Free food, like my first two years of university and then the dot com bubble burst in the middle of my college career. And so by the end there was like tumbleweed going to the job fair, you know, it was like, cause it was hard to describe unless you were there at the time, the like level of hype and being a computer science major at Stanford was like, A thousand opportunities.[00:04:45] Bret: And then, and then when I left, it was like Microsoft, IBM.[00:04:49] Joining Google and Early Projects[00:04:49] Bret: And then the two startups that I applied to were VMware and Google. And I ended up going to Google in large part because a woman named Marissa Meyer, who had been a teaching [00:05:00] assistant when I was, what was called a section leader, which was like a junior teaching assistant kind of for one of the big interest.[00:05:05] Bret: Yes. Classes. She had gone there. And she was recruiting me and I knew her and it was sort of felt safe, you know, like, I don't know. I thought about it much, but it turned out to be a real blessing. I realized like, you know, you always want to think you'd pick Google if given the option, but no one knew at the time.[00:05:20] Bret: And I wonder if I'd graduated in like 1999 where I've been like, mom, I just got a job at pets. com. It's good. But you know, at the end I just didn't have any options. So I was like, do I want to go like make kernel software at VMware? Do I want to go build search at Google? And I chose Google. 50, 50 ball.[00:05:36] Bret: I'm not really a 50, 50 ball. So I feel very fortunate in retrospect that the economy collapsed because in some ways it forced me into like one of the greatest companies of all time, but I kind of lucked into it, I think.[00:05:47] The Google Maps Rewrite Story[00:05:47] Alessio: So the famous story about Google is that you rewrote the Google maps back in, in one week after the map quest quest maps acquisition, what was the story there?[00:05:57] Alessio: Is it. Actually true. Is it [00:06:00] being glorified? Like how, how did that come to be? And is there any detail that maybe Paul hasn't shared before?[00:06:06] Bret: It's largely true, but I'll give the color commentary. So it was actually the front end, not the back end, but it turns out for Google maps, the front end was sort of the hard part just because Google maps was.[00:06:17] Bret: Largely the first ish kind of really interactive web application, say first ish. I think Gmail certainly was though Gmail, probably a lot of people then who weren't engineers probably didn't appreciate its level of interactivity. It was just fast, but. Google maps, because you could drag the map and it was sort of graphical.[00:06:38] Bret: My, it really in the mainstream, I think, was it a map[00:06:41] swyx: quest back then that was, you had the arrows up and down, it[00:06:44] Bret: was up and down arrows. Each map was a single image and you just click left and then wait for a few seconds to the new map to let it was really small too, because generating a big image was kind of expensive on computers that day.[00:06:57] Bret: So Google maps was truly innovative in that [00:07:00] regard. The story on it. There was a small company called where two technologies started by two Danish brothers, Lars and Jens Rasmussen, who are two of my closest friends now. They had made a windows app called expedition, which had beautiful maps. Even in 2000.[00:07:18] Bret: For whenever we acquired or sort of acquired their company, Windows software was not particularly fashionable, but they were really passionate about mapping and we had made a local search product that was kind of middling in terms of popularity, sort of like a yellow page of search product. So we wanted to really go into mapping.[00:07:36] Bret: We'd started working on it. Their small team seemed passionate about it. So we're like, come join us. We can build this together.[00:07:42] Technical Challenges and Innovations[00:07:42] Bret: It turned out to be a great blessing that they had built a windows app because you're less technically constrained when you're doing native code than you are building a web browser, particularly back then when there weren't really interactive web apps and it ended up.[00:07:56] Bret: Changing the level of quality that we [00:08:00] wanted to hit with the app because we were shooting for something that felt like a native windows application. So it was a really good fortune that we sort of, you know, their unusual technical choices turned out to be the greatest blessing. So we spent a lot of time basically saying, how can you make a interactive draggable map in a web browser?[00:08:18] Bret: How do you progressively load, you know, new map tiles, you know, as you're dragging even things like down in the weeds of the browser at the time, most browsers like Internet Explorer, which was dominant at the time would only load two images at a time from the same domain. So we ended up making our map tile servers have like.[00:08:37] Bret: Forty different subdomains so we could load maps and parallels like lots of hacks. I'm happy to go into as much as like[00:08:44] swyx: HTTP connections and stuff.[00:08:46] Bret: They just like, there was just maximum parallelism of two. And so if you had a map, set of map tiles, like eight of them, so So we just, we were down in the weeds of the browser anyway.[00:08:56] Bret: So it was lots of plumbing. I can, I know a lot more about browsers than [00:09:00] most people, but then by the end of it, it was fairly, it was a lot of duct tape on that code. If you've ever done an engineering project where you're not really sure the path from point A to point B, it's almost like. Building a house by building one room at a time.[00:09:14] Bret: The, there's not a lot of architectural cohesion at the end. And then we acquired a company called Keyhole, which became Google earth, which was like that three, it was a native windows app as well, separate app, great app, but with that, we got licenses to all this satellite imagery. And so in August of 2005, we added.[00:09:33] Bret: Satellite imagery to Google Maps, which added even more complexity in the code base. And then we decided we wanted to support Safari. There was no mobile phones yet. So Safari was this like nascent browser on, on the Mac. And it turns out there's like a lot of decisions behind the scenes, sort of inspired by this windows app, like heavy use of XML and XSLT and all these like.[00:09:54] Bret: Technologies that were like briefly fashionable in the early two thousands and everyone hates now for good [00:10:00] reason. And it turns out that all of the XML functionality and Internet Explorer wasn't supporting Safari. So people are like re implementing like XML parsers. And it was just like this like pile of s**t.[00:10:11] Bret: And I had to say a s**t on your part. Yeah, of[00:10:12] Alessio: course.[00:10:13] Bret: So. It went from this like beautifully elegant application that everyone was proud of to something that probably had hundreds of K of JavaScript, which sounds like nothing. Now we're talking like people have modems, you know, not all modems, but it was a big deal.[00:10:29] Bret: So it was like slow. It took a while to load and just, it wasn't like a great code base. Like everything was fragile. So I just got. Super frustrated by it. And then one weekend I did rewrite all of it. And at the time the word JSON hadn't been coined yet too, just to give you a sense. So it's all XML.[00:10:47] swyx: Yeah.[00:10:47] Bret: So we used what is now you would call JSON, but I just said like, let's use eval so that we can parse the data fast. And, and again, that's, it would literally as JSON, but at the time there was no name for it. So we [00:11:00] just said, let's. Pass on JavaScript from the server and eval it. And then somebody just refactored the whole thing.[00:11:05] Bret: And, and it wasn't like I was some genius. It was just like, you know, if you knew everything you wished you had known at the beginning and I knew all the functionality, cause I was the primary, one of the primary authors of the JavaScript. And I just like, I just drank a lot of coffee and just stayed up all weekend.[00:11:22] Bret: And then I, I guess I developed a bit of reputation and no one knew about this for a long time. And then Paul who created Gmail and I ended up starting a company with him too, after all of this told this on a podcast and now it's large, but it's largely true. I did rewrite it and it, my proudest thing.[00:11:38] Bret: And I think JavaScript people appreciate this. Like the un G zipped bundle size for all of Google maps. When I rewrote, it was 20 K G zipped. It was like much smaller for the entire application. It went down by like 10 X. So. What happened on Google? Google is a pretty mainstream company. And so like our usage is shot up because it turns out like it's faster.[00:11:57] Bret: Just being faster is worth a lot of [00:12:00] percentage points of growth at a scale of Google. So how[00:12:03] swyx: much modern tooling did you have? Like test suites no compilers.[00:12:07] Bret: Actually, that's not true. We did it one thing. So I actually think Google, I, you can. Download it. There's a, Google has a closure compiler, a closure compiler.[00:12:15] Bret: I don't know if anyone still uses it. It's gone. Yeah. Yeah. It's sort of gone out of favor. Yeah. Well, even until recently it was better than most JavaScript minifiers because it was more like it did a lot more renaming of variables and things. Most people use ES build now just cause it's fast and closure compilers built on Java and super slow and stuff like that.[00:12:37] Bret: But, so we did have that, that was it. Okay.[00:12:39] The Evolution of Web Applications[00:12:39] Bret: So and that was treated internally, you know, it was a really interesting time at Google at the time because there's a lot of teams working on fairly advanced JavaScript when no one was. So Google suggest, which Kevin Gibbs was the tech lead for, was the first kind of type ahead, autocomplete, I believe in a web browser, and now it's just pervasive in search boxes that you sort of [00:13:00] see a type ahead there.[00:13:01] Bret: I mean, chat, dbt[00:13:01] swyx: just added it. It's kind of like a round trip.[00:13:03] Bret: Totally. No, it's now pervasive as a UI affordance, but that was like Kevin's 20 percent project. And then Gmail, Paul you know, he tells the story better than anyone, but he's like, you know, basically was scratching his own itch, but what was really neat about it is email, because it's such a productivity tool, just needed to be faster.[00:13:21] Bret: So, you know, he was scratching his own itch of just making more stuff work on the client side. And then we, because of Lars and Yen sort of like setting the bar of this windows app or like we need our maps to be draggable. So we ended up. Not only innovate in terms of having a big sync, what would be called a single page application today, but also all the graphical stuff you know, we were crashing Firefox, like it was going out of style because, you know, when you make a document object model with the idea that it's a document and then you layer on some JavaScript and then we're essentially abusing all of this, it just was running into code paths that were not.[00:13:56] Bret: Well, it's rotten, you know, at this time. And so it was [00:14:00] super fun. And, and, you know, in the building you had, so you had compilers, people helping minify JavaScript just practically, but there is a great engineering team. So they were like, that's why Closure Compiler is so good. It was like a. Person who actually knew about programming languages doing it, not just, you know, writing regular expressions.[00:14:17] Bret: And then the team that is now the Chrome team believe, and I, I don't know this for a fact, but I'm pretty sure Google is the main contributor to Firefox for a long time in terms of code. And a lot of browser people were there. So every time we would crash Firefox, we'd like walk up two floors and say like, what the hell is going on here?[00:14:35] Bret: And they would load their browser, like in a debugger. And we could like figure out exactly what was breaking. And you can't change the code, right? Cause it's the browser. It's like slow, right? I mean, slow to update. So, but we could figure out exactly where the bug was and then work around it in our JavaScript.[00:14:52] Bret: So it was just like new territory. Like so super, super fun time, just like a lot of, a lot of great engineers figuring out [00:15:00] new things. And And now, you know, the word, this term is no longer in fashion, but the word Ajax, which was asynchronous JavaScript and XML cause I'm telling you XML, but see the word XML there, to be fair, the way you made HTTP requests from a client to server was this.[00:15:18] Bret: Object called XML HTTP request because Microsoft and making Outlook web access back in the day made this and it turns out to have nothing to do with XML. It's just a way of making HTTP requests because XML was like the fashionable thing. It was like that was the way you, you know, you did it. But the JSON came out of that, you know, and then a lot of the best practices around building JavaScript applications is pre React.[00:15:44] Bret: I think React was probably the big conceptual step forward that we needed. Even my first social network after Google, we used a lot of like HTML injection and. Making real time updates was still very hand coded and it's really neat when you [00:16:00] see conceptual breakthroughs like react because it's, I just love those things where it's like obvious once you see it, but it's so not obvious until you do.[00:16:07] Bret: And actually, well, I'm sure we'll get into AI, but I, I sort of feel like we'll go through that evolution with AI agents as well that I feel like we're missing a lot of the core abstractions that I think in 10 years we'll be like, gosh, how'd you make agents? Before that, you know, but it was kind of that early days of web applications.[00:16:22] swyx: There's a lot of contenders for the reactive jobs of of AI, but no clear winner yet. I would say one thing I was there for, I mean, there's so much we can go into there. You just covered so much.[00:16:32] Product Management and Engineering Synergy[00:16:32] swyx: One thing I just, I just observe is that I think the early Google days had this interesting mix of PM and engineer, which I think you are, you didn't, you didn't wait for PM to tell you these are my, this is my PRD.[00:16:42] swyx: This is my requirements.[00:16:44] mix: Oh,[00:16:44] Bret: okay.[00:16:45] swyx: I wasn't technically a software engineer. I mean,[00:16:48] Bret: by title, obviously. Right, right, right.[00:16:51] swyx: It's like a blend. And I feel like these days, product is its own discipline and its own lore and own industry and engineering is its own thing. And there's this process [00:17:00] that happens and they're kind of separated, but you don't produce as good of a product as if they were the same person.[00:17:06] swyx: And I'm curious, you know, if, if that, if that sort of resonates in, in, in terms of like comparing early Google versus modern startups that you see out there,[00:17:16] Bret: I certainly like wear a lot of hats. So, you know, sort of biased in this, but I really agree that there's a lot of power and combining product design engineering into as few people as possible because, you know few great things have been created by committee, you know, and so.[00:17:33] Bret: If engineering is an order taking organization for product you can sometimes make meaningful things, but rarely will you create extremely well crafted breakthrough products. Those tend to be small teams who deeply understand the customer need that they're solving, who have a. Maniacal focus on outcomes.[00:17:53] Bret: And I think the reason why it's, I think for some areas, if you look at like software as a service five years ago, maybe you can have a [00:18:00] separation of product and engineering because most software as a service created five years ago. I wouldn't say there's like a lot of like. Technological breakthroughs required for most, you know, business applications.[00:18:11] Bret: And if you're making expense reporting software or whatever, it's useful. I don't mean to be dismissive of expense reporting software, but you probably just want to understand like, what are the requirements of the finance department? What are the requirements of an individual file expense report? Okay.[00:18:25] Bret: Go implement that. And you kind of know how web applications are implemented. You kind of know how to. How databases work, how to build auto scaling with your AWS cluster, whatever, you know, it's just, you're just applying best practices to yet another problem when you have areas like the early days of mobile development or the early days of interactive web applications, which I think Google Maps and Gmail represent, or now AI agents, you're in this constant conversation with what the requirements of your customers and stakeholders are and all the different people interacting with it.[00:18:58] Bret: And the capabilities of the [00:19:00] technology. And it's almost impossible to specify the requirements of a product when you're not sure of the limitations of the technology itself. And that's why I use the word conversation. It's not literal. That's sort of funny to use that word in the age of conversational AI.[00:19:15] Bret: You're constantly sort of saying, like, ideally, you could sprinkle some magic AI pixie dust and solve all the world's problems, but it's not the way it works. And it turns out that actually, I'll just give an interesting example.[00:19:26] AI Agents and Modern Tooling[00:19:26] Bret: I think most people listening probably use co pilots to code like Cursor or Devon or Microsoft Copilot or whatever.[00:19:34] Bret: Most of those tools are, they're remarkable. I'm, I couldn't, you know, imagine development without them now, but they're not autonomous yet. Like I wouldn't let it just write most code without my interactively inspecting it. We just are somewhere between it's an amazing co pilot and it's an autonomous software engineer.[00:19:53] Bret: As a product manager, like your aspirations for what the product is are like kind of meaningful. But [00:20:00] if you're a product person, yeah, of course you'd say it should be autonomous. You should click a button and program should come out the other side. The requirements meaningless. Like what matters is like, what is based on the like very nuanced limitations of the technology.[00:20:14] Bret: What is it capable of? And then how do you maximize the leverage? It gives a software engineering team, given those very nuanced trade offs. Coupled with the fact that those nuanced trade offs are changing more rapidly than any technology in my memory, meaning every few months you'll have new models with new capabilities.[00:20:34] Bret: So how do you construct a product that can absorb those new capabilities as rapidly as possible as well? That requires such a combination of technical depth and understanding the customer that you really need more integration. Of product design and engineering. And so I think it's why with these big technology waves, I think startups have a bit of a leg up relative to incumbents because they [00:21:00] tend to be sort of more self actualized in terms of just like bringing those disciplines closer together.[00:21:06] Bret: And in particular, I think entrepreneurs, the proverbial full stack engineers, you know, have a leg up as well because. I think most breakthroughs happen when you have someone who can understand those extremely nuanced technical trade offs, have a vision for a product. And then in the process of building it, have that, as I said, like metaphorical conversation with the technology, right?[00:21:30] Bret: Gosh, I ran into a technical limit that I didn't expect. It's not just like changing that feature. You might need to refactor the whole product based on that. And I think that's, that it's particularly important right now. So I don't, you know, if you, if you're building a big ERP system, probably there's a great reason to have product and engineering.[00:21:51] Bret: I think in general, the disciplines are there for a reason. I think when you're dealing with something as nuanced as the like technologies, like large language models today, there's a ton of [00:22:00] advantage of having. Individuals or organizations that integrate the disciplines more formally.[00:22:05] Alessio: That makes a lot of sense.[00:22:06] Alessio: I've run a lot of engineering teams in the past, and I think the product versus engineering tension has always been more about effort than like whether or not the feature is buildable. But I think, yeah, today you see a lot more of like. Models actually cannot do that. And I think the most interesting thing is on the startup side, people don't yet know where a lot of the AI value is going to accrue.[00:22:26] Alessio: So you have this rush of people building frameworks, building infrastructure, layered things, but we don't really know the shape of the compute. I'm curious that Sierra, like how you thought about building an house, a lot of the tooling for evals or like just, you know, building the agents and all of that.[00:22:41] Alessio: Versus how you see some of the startup opportunities that is maybe still out there.[00:22:46] Bret: We build most of our tooling in house at Sierra, not all. It's, we don't, it's not like not invented here syndrome necessarily, though, maybe slightly guilty of that in some ways, but because we're trying to build a platform [00:23:00] that's in Dorian, you know, we really want to have control over our own destiny.[00:23:03] Bret: And you had made a comment earlier that like. We're still trying to figure out who like the reactive agents are and the jury is still out. I would argue it hasn't been created yet. I don't think the jury is still out to go use that metaphor. We're sort of in the jQuery era of agents, not the react era.[00:23:19] Bret: And, and that's like a throwback for people listening,[00:23:22] swyx: we shouldn't rush it. You know?[00:23:23] Bret: No, yeah, that's my point is. And so. Because we're trying to create an enduring company at Sierra that outlives us, you know, I'm not sure we want to like attach our cart to some like to a horse where it's not clear that like we've figured out and I actually want as a company, we're trying to enable just at a high level and I'll, I'll quickly go back to tech at Sierra, we help consumer brands build customer facing AI agents.[00:23:48] Bret: So. Everyone from Sonos to ADT home security to Sirius XM, you know, if you call them on the phone and AI will pick up with you, you know, chat with them on the Sirius XM homepage. It's an AI agent called Harmony [00:24:00] that they've built on our platform. We're what are the contours of what it means for someone to build an end to end complete customer experience with AI with conversational AI.[00:24:09] Bret: You know, we really want to dive into the deep end of, of all the trade offs to do it. You know, where do you use fine tuning? Where do you string models together? You know, where do you use reasoning? Where do you use generation? How do you use reasoning? How do you express the guardrails of an agentic process?[00:24:25] Bret: How do you impose determinism on a fundamentally non deterministic technology? There's just a lot of really like as an important design space. And I could sit here and tell you, we have the best approach. Every entrepreneur will, you know. But I hope that in two years, we look back at our platform and laugh at how naive we were, because that's the pace of change broadly.[00:24:45] Bret: If you talk about like the startup opportunities, I'm not wholly skeptical of tools companies, but I'm fairly skeptical. There's always an exception for every role, but I believe that certainly there's a big market for [00:25:00] frontier models, but largely for companies with huge CapEx budgets. So. Open AI and Microsoft's Anthropic and Amazon Web Services, Google Cloud XAI, which is very well capitalized now, but I think the, the idea that a company can make money sort of pre training a foundation model is probably not true.[00:25:20] Bret: It's hard to, you're competing with just, you know, unreasonably large CapEx budgets. And I just like the cloud infrastructure market, I think will be largely there. I also really believe in the applications of AI. And I define that not as like building agents or things like that. I define it much more as like, you're actually solving a problem for a business.[00:25:40] Bret: So it's what Harvey is doing in legal profession or what cursor is doing for software engineering or what we're doing for customer experience and customer service. The reason I believe in that is I do think that in the age of AI, what's really interesting about software is it can actually complete a task.[00:25:56] Bret: It can actually do a job, which is very different than the value proposition of [00:26:00] software was to ancient history two years ago. And as a consequence, I think the way you build a solution and For a domain is very different than you would have before, which means that it's not obvious, like the incumbent incumbents have like a leg up, you know, necessarily, they certainly have some advantages, but there's just such a different form factor, you know, for providing a solution and it's just really valuable.[00:26:23] Bret: You know, it's. Like just think of how much money cursor is saving software engineering teams or the alternative, how much revenue it can produce tool making is really challenging. If you look at the cloud market, just as a analog, there are a lot of like interesting tools, companies, you know, Confluent, Monetized Kafka, Snowflake, Hortonworks, you know, there's a, there's a bunch of them.[00:26:48] Bret: A lot of them, you know, have that mix of sort of like like confluence or have the open source or open core or whatever you call it. I, I, I'm not an expert in this area. You know, I do think [00:27:00] that developers are fickle. I think that in the tool space, I probably like. Default towards open source being like the area that will win.[00:27:09] Bret: It's hard to build a company around this and then you end up with companies sort of built around open source to that can work. Don't get me wrong, but I just think that it's nowadays the tools are changing so rapidly that I'm like, not totally skeptical of tool makers, but I just think that open source will broadly win, but I think that the CapEx required for building frontier models is such that it will go to a handful of big companies.[00:27:33] Bret: And then I really believe in agents for specific domains which I think will, it's sort of the analog to software as a service in this new era. You know, it's like, if you just think of the cloud. You can lease a server. It's just a low level primitive, or you can buy an app like you know, Shopify or whatever.[00:27:51] Bret: And most people building a storefront would prefer Shopify over hand rolling their e commerce storefront. I think the same thing will be true of AI. So [00:28:00] I've. I tend to like, if I have a, like an entrepreneur asked me for advice, I'm like, you know, move up the stack as far as you can towards a customer need.[00:28:09] Bret: Broadly, but I, but it doesn't reduce my excitement about what is the reactive building agents kind of thing, just because it is, it is the right question to ask, but I think we'll probably play out probably an open source space more than anything else.[00:28:21] swyx: Yeah, and it's not a priority for you. There's a lot in there.[00:28:24] swyx: I'm kind of curious about your idea maze towards, there are many customer needs. You happen to identify customer experience as yours, but it could equally have been coding assistance or whatever. I think for some, I'm just kind of curious at the top down, how do you look at the world in terms of the potential problem space?[00:28:44] swyx: Because there are many people out there who are very smart and pick the wrong problem.[00:28:47] Bret: Yeah, that's a great question.[00:28:48] Future of Software Development[00:28:48] Bret: By the way, I would love to talk about the future of software, too, because despite the fact it didn't pick coding, I have a lot of that, but I can talk to I can answer your question, though, you know I think when a technology is as [00:29:00] cool as large language models.[00:29:02] Bret: You just see a lot of people starting from the technology and searching for a problem to solve. And I think it's why you see a lot of tools companies, because as a software engineer, you start building an app or a demo and you, you encounter some pain points. You're like,[00:29:17] swyx: a lot of[00:29:17] Bret: people are experiencing the same pain point.[00:29:19] Bret: What if I make it? That it's just very incremental. And you know, I always like to use the metaphor, like you can sell coffee beans, roasted coffee beans. You can add some value. You took coffee beans and you roasted them and roasted coffee beans largely, you know, are priced relative to the cost of the beans.[00:29:39] Bret: Or you can sell a latte and a latte. Is rarely priced directly like as a percentage of coffee bean prices. In fact, if you buy a latte at the airport, it's a captive audience. So it's a really expensive latte. And there's just a lot that goes into like. How much does a latte cost? And I bring it up because there's a supply chain from growing [00:30:00] coffee beans to roasting coffee beans to like, you know, you could make one at home or you could be in the airport and buy one and the margins of the company selling lattes in the airport is a lot higher than the, you know, people roasting the coffee beans and it's because you've actually solved a much more acute human problem in the airport.[00:30:19] Bret: And, and it's just worth a lot more to that person in that moment. It's kind of the way I think about technology too. It sounds funny to liken it to coffee beans, but you're selling tools on top of a large language model yet in some ways your market is big, but you're probably going to like be price compressed just because you're sort of a piece of infrastructure and then you have open source and all these other things competing with you naturally.[00:30:43] Bret: If you go and solve a really big business problem for somebody, that's actually like a meaningful business problem that AI facilitates, they will value it according to the value of that business problem. And so I actually feel like people should just stop. You're like, no, that's, that's [00:31:00] unfair. If you're searching for an idea of people, I, I love people trying things, even if, I mean, most of the, a lot of the greatest ideas have been things no one believed in.[00:31:07] Bret: So I like, if you're passionate about something, go do it. Like who am I to say, yeah, a hundred percent. Or Gmail, like Paul as far, I mean I, some of it's Laura at this point, but like Gmail is Paul's own email for a long time. , and then I amusingly and Paul can't correct me, I'm pretty sure he sent her in a link and like the first comment was like, this is really neat.[00:31:26] Bret: It would be great. It was not your email, but my own . I don't know if it's a true story. I'm pretty sure it's, yeah, I've read that before. So scratch your own niche. Fine. Like it depends on what your goal is. If you wanna do like a venture backed company, if its a. Passion project, f*****g passion, do it like don't listen to anybody.[00:31:41] Bret: In fact, but if you're trying to start, you know an enduring company, solve an important business problem. And I, and I do think that in the world of agents, the software industries has shifted where you're not just helping people more. People be more productive, but you're actually accomplishing tasks autonomously.[00:31:58] Bret: And as a consequence, I think the [00:32:00] addressable market has just greatly expanded just because software can actually do things now and actually accomplish tasks and how much is coding autocomplete worth. A fair amount. How much is the eventual, I'm certain we'll have it, the software agent that actually writes the code and delivers it to you, that's worth a lot.[00:32:20] Bret: And so, you know, I would just maybe look up from the large language models and start thinking about the economy and, you know, think from first principles. I don't wanna get too far afield, but just think about which parts of the economy. We'll benefit most from this intelligence and which parts can absorb it most easily.[00:32:38] Bret: And what would an agent in this space look like? Who's the customer of it is the technology feasible. And I would just start with these business problems more. And I think, you know, the best companies tend to have great engineers who happen to have great insight into a market. And it's that last part that I think some people.[00:32:56] Bret: Whether or not they have, it's like people start so much in the technology, they [00:33:00] lose the forest for the trees a little bit.[00:33:02] Alessio: How do you think about the model of still selling some sort of software versus selling more package labor? I feel like when people are selling the package labor, it's almost more stateless, you know, like it's easier to swap out if you're just putting an input and getting an output.[00:33:16] Alessio: If you think about coding, if there's no ID, you're just putting a prompt and getting back an app. It doesn't really matter. Who generates the app, you know, you have less of a buy in versus the platform you're building, I'm sure on the backend customers have to like put on their documentation and they have, you know, different workflows that they can tie in what's kind of like the line to draw there versus like going full where you're managed customer support team as a service outsource versus.[00:33:40] Alessio: This is the Sierra platform that you can build on. What was that decision? I'll sort of[00:33:44] Bret: like decouple the question in some ways, which is when you have something that's an agent, who is the person using it and what do they want to do with it? So let's just take your coding agent for a second. I will talk about Sierra as well.[00:33:59] Bret: Who's the [00:34:00] customer of a, an agent that actually produces software? Is it a software engineering manager? Is it a software engineer? And it's there, you know, intern so to speak. I don't know. I mean, we'll figure this out over the next few years. Like what is that? And is it generating code that you then review?[00:34:16] Bret: Is it generating code with a set of unit tests that pass, what is the actual. For lack of a better word contract, like, how do you know that it did what you wanted it to do? And then I would say like the product and the pricing, the packaging model sort of emerged from that. And I don't think the world's figured out.[00:34:33] Bret: I think it'll be different for every agent. You know, in our customer base, we do what's called outcome based pricing. So essentially every time the AI agent. Solves the problem or saves a customer or whatever it might be. There's a pre negotiated rate for that. We do that. Cause it's, we think that that's sort of the correct way agents, you know, should be packaged.[00:34:53] Bret: I look back at the history of like cloud software and notably the introduction of the browser, which led to [00:35:00] software being delivered in a browser, like Salesforce to. Famously invented sort of software as a service, which is both a technical delivery model through the browser, but also a business model, which is you subscribe to it rather than pay for a perpetual license.[00:35:13] Bret: Those two things are somewhat orthogonal, but not really. If you think about the idea of software running in a browser, that's hosted. Data center that you don't own, you sort of needed to change the business model because you don't, you can't really buy a perpetual license or something otherwise like, how do you afford making changes to it?[00:35:31] Bret: So it only worked when you were buying like a new version every year or whatever. So to some degree, but then the business model shift actually changed business as we know it, because now like. Things like Adobe Photoshop. Now you subscribe to rather than purchase. So it ended up where you had a technical shift and a business model shift that were very logically intertwined that actually the business model shift was turned out to be as significant as the technical as the shift.[00:35:59] Bret: And I think with [00:36:00] agents, because they actually accomplish a job, I do think that it doesn't make sense to me that you'd pay for the privilege of like. Using the software like that coding agent, like if it writes really bad code, like fire it, you know, I don't know what the right metaphor is like you should pay for a job.[00:36:17] Bret: Well done in my opinion. I mean, that's how you pay your software engineers, right? And[00:36:20] swyx: and well, not really. We paid to put them on salary and give them options and they vest over time. That's fair.[00:36:26] Bret: But my point is that you don't pay them for how many characters they write, which is sort of the token based, you know, whatever, like, There's a, that famous Apple story where we're like asking for a report of how many lines of code you wrote.[00:36:40] Bret: And one of the engineers showed up with like a negative number cause he had just like done a big refactoring. There was like a big F you to management who didn't understand how software is written. You know, my sense is like the traditional usage based or seat based thing. It's just going to look really antiquated.[00:36:55] Bret: Cause it's like asking your software engineer, how many lines of code did you write today? Like who cares? Like, cause [00:37:00] absolutely no correlation. So my old view is I don't think it's be different in every category, but I do think that that is the, if an agent is doing a job, you should, I think it properly incentivizes the maker of that agent and the customer of, of your pain for the job well done.[00:37:16] Bret: It's not always perfect to measure. It's hard to measure engineering productivity, but you can, you should do something other than how many keys you typed, you know Talk about perverse incentives for AI, right? Like I can write really long functions to do the same thing, right? So broadly speaking, you know, I do think that we're going to see a change in business models of software towards outcomes.[00:37:36] Bret: And I think you'll see a change in delivery models too. And, and, you know, in our customer base you know, we empower our customers to really have their hands on the steering wheel of what the agent does they, they want and need that. But the role is different. You know, at a lot of our customers, the customer experience operations folks have renamed themselves the AI architects, which I think is really cool.[00:37:55] Bret: And, you know, it's like in the early days of the Internet, there's the role of the webmaster. [00:38:00] And I don't know whether your webmaster is not a fashionable, you know, Term, nor is it a job anymore? I just, I don't know. Will they, our tech stand the test of time? Maybe, maybe not. But I do think that again, I like, you know, because everyone listening right now is a software engineer.[00:38:14] Bret: Like what is the form factor of a coding agent? And actually I'll, I'll take a breath. Cause actually I have a bunch of pins on them. Like I wrote a blog post right before Christmas, just on the future of software development. And one of the things that's interesting is like, if you look at the way I use cursor today, as an example, it's inside of.[00:38:31] Bret: A repackaged visual studio code environment. I sometimes use the sort of agentic parts of it, but it's largely, you know, I've sort of gotten a good routine of making it auto complete code in the way I want through tuning it properly when it actually can write. I do wonder what like the future of development environments will look like.[00:38:55] Bret: And to your point on what is a software product, I think it's going to change a lot in [00:39:00] ways that will surprise us. But I always use, I use the metaphor in my blog post of, have you all driven around in a way, Mo around here? Yeah, everyone has. And there are these Jaguars, the really nice cars, but it's funny because it still has a steering wheel, even though there's no one sitting there and the steering wheels like turning and stuff clearly in the future.[00:39:16] Bret: If once we get to that, be more ubiquitous, like why have the steering wheel and also why have all the seats facing forward? Maybe just for car sickness. I don't know, but you could totally rearrange the car. I mean, so much of the car is oriented around the driver, so. It stands to reason to me that like, well, autonomous agents for software engineering run through visual studio code.[00:39:37] Bret: That seems a little bit silly because having a single source code file open one at a time is kind of a goofy form factor for when like the code isn't being written primarily by you, but it begs the question of what's your relationship with that agent. And I think the same is true in our industry of customer experience, which is like.[00:39:55] Bret: Who are the people managing this agent? What are the tools do they need? And they definitely need [00:40:00] tools, but it's probably pretty different than the tools we had before. It's certainly different than training a contact center team. And as software engineers, I think that I would like to see particularly like on the passion project side or research side.[00:40:14] Bret: More innovation in programming languages. I think that we're bringing the cost of writing code down to zero. So the fact that we're still writing Python with AI cracks me up just cause it's like literally was designed to be ergonomic to write, not safe to run or fast to run. I would love to see more innovation and how we verify program correctness.[00:40:37] Bret: I studied for formal verification in college a little bit and. It's not very fashionable because it's really like tedious and slow and doesn't work very well. If a lot of code is being written by a machine, you know, one of the primary values we can provide is verifying that it actually does what we intend that it does.[00:40:56] Bret: I think there should be lots of interesting things in the software development life cycle, like how [00:41:00] we think of testing and everything else, because. If you think about if we have to manually read every line of code that's coming out as machines, it will just rate limit how much the machines can do. The alternative is totally unsafe.[00:41:13] Bret: So I wouldn't want to put code in production that didn't go through proper code review and inspection. So my whole view is like, I actually think there's like an AI native I don't think the coding agents don't work well enough to do this yet, but once they do, what is sort of an AI native software development life cycle and how do you actually.[00:41:31] Bret: Enable the creators of software to produce the highest quality, most robust, fastest software and know that it's correct. And I think that's an incredible opportunity. I mean, how much C code can we rewrite and rust and make it safe so that there's fewer security vulnerabilities. Can we like have more efficient, safer code than ever before?[00:41:53] Bret: And can you have someone who's like that guy in the matrix, you know, like staring at the little green things, like where could you have an operator [00:42:00] of a code generating machine be like superhuman? I think that's a cool vision. And I think too many people are focused on like. Autocomplete, you know, right now, I'm not, I'm not even, I'm guilty as charged.[00:42:10] Bret: I guess in some ways, but I just like, I'd like to see some bolder ideas. And that's why when you were joking, you know, talking about what's the react of whatever, I think we're clearly in a local maximum, you know, metaphor, like sort of conceptual local maximum, obviously it's moving really fast. I think we're moving out of it.[00:42:26] Alessio: Yeah. At the end of 23, I've read this blog post from syntax to semantics. Like if you think about Python. It's taking C and making it more semantic and LLMs are like the ultimate semantic program, right? You can just talk to them and they can generate any type of syntax from your language. But again, the languages that they have to use were made for us, not for them.[00:42:46] Alessio: But the problem is like, as long as you will ever need a human to intervene, you cannot change the language under it. You know what I mean? So I'm curious at what point of automation we'll need to get, we're going to be okay making changes. To the underlying languages, [00:43:00] like the programming languages versus just saying, Hey, you just got to write Python because I understand Python and I'm more important at the end of the day than the model.[00:43:08] Alessio: But I think that will change, but I don't know if it's like two years or five years. I think it's more nuanced actually.[00:43:13] Bret: So I think there's a, some of the more interesting programming languages bring semantics into syntax. So let me, that's a little reductive, but like Rust as an example, Rust is memory safe.[00:43:25] Bret: Statically, and that was a really interesting conceptual, but it's why it's hard to write rust. It's why most people write python instead of rust. I think rust programs are safer and faster than python, probably slower to compile. But like broadly speaking, like given the option, if you didn't have to care about the labor that went into it.[00:43:45] Bret: You should prefer a program written in Rust over a program written in Python, just because it will run more efficiently. It's almost certainly safer, et cetera, et cetera, depending on how you define safe, but most people don't write Rust because it's kind of a pain in the ass. And [00:44:00] the audience of people who can is smaller, but it's sort of better in most, most ways.[00:44:05] Bret: And again, let's say you're making a web service and you didn't have to care about how hard it was to write. If you just got the output of the web service, the rest one would be cheaper to operate. It's certainly cheaper and probably more correct just because there's so much in the static analysis implied by the rest programming language that it probably will have fewer runtime errors and things like that as well.[00:44:25] Bret: So I just give that as an example, because so rust, at least my understanding that came out of the Mozilla team, because. There's lots of security vulnerabilities in the browser and it needs to be really fast. They said, okay, we want to put more of a burden at the authorship time to have fewer issues at runtime.[00:44:43] Bret: And we need the constraint that it has to be done statically because browsers need to be really fast. My sense is if you just think about like the, the needs of a programming language today, where the role of a software engineer is [00:45:00] to use an AI to generate functionality and audit that it does in fact work as intended, maybe functionally, maybe from like a correctness standpoint, some combination thereof, how would you create a programming system that facilitated that?[00:45:15] Bret: And, you know, I bring up Rust is because I think it's a good example of like, I think given a choice of writing in C or Rust, you should choose Rust today. I think most people would say that, even C aficionados, just because. C is largely less safe for very similar, you know, trade offs, you know, for the, the system and now with AI, it's like, okay, well, that just changes the game on writing these things.[00:45:36] Bret: And so like, I just wonder if a combination of programming languages that are more structurally oriented towards the values that we need from an AI generated program, verifiable correctness and all of that. If it's tedious to produce for a person, that maybe doesn't matter. But one thing, like if I asked you, is this rest program memory safe?[00:45:58] Bret: You wouldn't have to read it, you just have [00:46:00] to compile it. So that's interesting. I mean, that's like an, that's one example of a very modest form of formal verification. So I bring that up because I do think you have AI inspect AI, you can have AI reviewed. Do AI code reviews. It would disappoint me if the best we could get was AI reviewing Python and having scaled a few very large.[00:46:21] Bret: Websites that were written on Python. It's just like, you know, expensive and it's like every, trust me, every team who's written a big web service in Python has experimented with like Pi Pi and all these things just to make it slightly more efficient than it naturally is. You don't really have true multi threading anyway.[00:46:36] Bret: It's just like clearly that you do it just because it's convenient to write. And I just feel like we're, I don't want to say it's insane. I just mean. I do think we're at a local maximum. And I would hope that we create a programming system, a combination of programming languages, formal verification, testing, automated code reviews, where you can use AI to generate software in a high scale way and trust it.[00:46:59] Bret: And you're [00:47:00] not limited by your ability to read it necessarily. I don't know exactly what form that would take, but I feel like that would be a pretty cool world to live in.[00:47:08] Alessio: Yeah. We had Chris Lanner on the podcast. He's doing great work with modular. I mean, I love. LVM. Yeah. Basically merging rust in and Python.[00:47:15] Alessio: That's kind of the idea. Should be, but I'm curious is like, for them a big use case was like making it compatible with Python, same APIs so that Python developers could use it. Yeah. And so I, I wonder at what point, well, yeah.[00:47:26] Bret: At least my understanding is they're targeting the data science Yeah. Machine learning crowd, which is all written in Python, so still feels like a local maximum.[00:47:34] Bret: Yeah.[00:47:34] swyx: Yeah, exactly. I'll force you to make a prediction. You know, Python's roughly 30 years old. In 30 years from now, is Rust going to be bigger than Python?[00:47:42] Bret: I don't know this, but just, I don't even know this is a prediction. I just am sort of like saying stuff I hope is true. I would like to see an AI native programming language and programming system, and I use language because I'm not sure language is even the right thing, but I hope in 30 years, there's an AI native way we make [00:48:00] software that is wholly uncorrelated with the current set of programming languages.[00:48:04] Bret: or not uncorrelated, but I think most programming languages today were designed to be efficiently authored by people and some have different trade offs.[00:48:15] Evolution of Programming Languages[00:48:15] Bret: You know, you have Haskell and others that were designed for abstractions for parallelism and things like that. You have programming languages like Python, which are designed to be very easily written, sort of like Perl and Python lineage, which is why data scientists use it.[00:48:31] Bret: It's it can, it has a. Interactive mode, things like that. And I love, I'm a huge Python fan. So despite all my Python trash talk, a huge Python fan wrote at least two of my three companies were exclusively written in Python and then C came out of the birth of Unix and it wasn't the first, but certainly the most prominent first step after assembly language, right?[00:48:54] Bret: Where you had higher level abstractions rather than and going beyond go to, to like abstractions, [00:49:00] like the for loop and the while loop.[00:49:01] The Future of Software Engineering[00:49:01] Bret: So I just think that if the act of writing code is no longer a meaningful human exercise, maybe it will be, I don't know. I'm just saying it sort of feels like maybe it's one of those parts of history that just will sort of like go away, but there's still the role of this offer engineer, like the person actually building the system.[00:49:20] Bret: Right. And. What does a programming system for that form factor look like?[00:49:25] React and Front-End Development[00:49:25] Bret: And I, I just have a, I hope to be just like I mentioned, I remember I was at Facebook in the very early days when, when, what is now react was being created. And I remember when the, it was like released open source I had left by that time and I was just like, this is so f*****g cool.[00:49:42] Bret: Like, you know, to basically model your app independent of the data flowing through it, just made everything easier. And then now. You know, I can create, like there's a lot of the front end software gym play is like a little chaotic for me, to be honest with you. It is like, it's sort of like [00:50:00] abstraction soup right now for me, but like some of those core ideas felt really ergonomic.[00:50:04] Bret: I just wanna, I'm just looking forward to the day when someone comes up with a programming system that feels both really like an aha moment, but completely foreign to me at the same time. Because they created it with sort of like from first principles recognizing that like. Authoring code in an editor is maybe not like the primary like reason why a programming system exists anymore.[00:50:26] Bret: And I think that's like, that would be a very exciting day for me.[00:50:28] The Role of AI in Programming[00:50:28] swyx: Yeah, I would say like the various versions of this discussion have happened at the end of the day, you still need to precisely communicate what you want. As a manager of people, as someone who has done many, many legal contracts, you know how hard that is.[00:50:42] swyx: And then now we have to talk to machines doing that and AIs interpreting what we mean and reading our minds effectively. I don't know how to get across that barrier of translating human intent to instructions. And yes, it can be more declarative, but I don't know if it'll ever Crossover from being [00:51:00] a programming language to something more than that.[00:51:02] Bret: I agree with you. And I actually do think if you look at like a legal contract, you know, the imprecision of the English language, it's like a flaw in the system. How many[00:51:12] swyx: holes there are.[00:51:13] Bret: And I do think that when you're making a mission critical software system, I don't think it should be English language prompts.[00:51:19] Bret: I think that is silly because you want the precision of a a programming language. My point was less about that and more about if the actual act of authoring it, like if you.[00:51:32] Formal Verification in Software[00:51:32] Bret: I'll think of some embedded systems do use formal verification. I know it's very common in like security protocols now so that you can, because the importance of correctness is so great.[00:51:41] Bret: My intellectual exercise is like, why not do that for all software? I mean, probably that's silly just literally to do what we literally do for. These low level security protocols, but the only reason we don't is because it's hard and tedious and hard and tedious are no longer factors. So, like, if I could, I mean, [00:52:00] just think of, like, the silliest app on your phone right now, the idea that that app should be, like, formally verified for its correctness feels laughable right now because, like, God, why would you spend the time on it?[00:52:10] Bret: But if it's zero costs, like, yeah, I guess so. I mean, it never crashed. That's probably good. You know, why not? I just want to, like, set our bars really high. Like. We should make, software has been amazing. Like there's a Mark Andreessen blog post, software is eating the world. And you know, our whole life is, is mediated digitally.[00:52:26] Bret: And that's just increasing with AI. And now we'll have our personal agents talking to the agents on the CRO platform and it's agents all the way down, you know, our core infrastructure is running on these digital systems. We now have like, and we've had a shortage of software developers for my entire life.[00:52:45] Bret: And as a consequence, you know if you look, remember like health care, got healthcare. gov that fiasco security vulnerabilities leading to state actors getting access to critical infrastructure. I'm like. We now have like created this like amazing system that can [00:53:00] like, we can fix this, you know, and I, I just want to, I'm both excited about the productivity gains in the economy, but I just think as software engineers, we should be bolder.[00:53:08] Bret: Like we should have aspirations to fix these systems so that like in general, as you said, as precise as we want to be in the specification of the system. We can make it work correctly now, and I'm being a little bit hand wavy, and I think we need some systems. I think that's where we should set the bar, especially when so much of our life depends on this critical digital infrastructure.[00:53:28] Bret: So I'm I'm just like super optimistic about it. But actually, let's go to w

The Do-Not-Stab flag in the HTTP Header, FreeBSD jail host with multiple local networks, Generative AI is for the idea guys, Static dual stack networking on OmniOS Solaris Zones, FRAME sockets added to OpenBSD, The problem with combining DNS CNAME records and anything else, and more NOTES This episode of BSDNow is brought to you by Tarsnap (https://www.tarsnap.com/bsdnow) and the BSDNow Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/bsdnow) Headlines (due to excessive use of the F-bomb, perhaps we should somewhat censor it... You can do so in words... or I can use Tom's favorite Frequency tone to do it in post). You decide and let me know what you think would be funnier.) Also I'm hoping for some good commentary from you guys on this one. :P The Do-Not-Stab flag in the HTTP Header (https://www.5snb.club/posts/2023/do-not-stab/) FreeBSD jail host with multiple local networks (https://savagedlight.me/2014/03/07/freebsd-jail-host-with-multiple-local-networks/) News Roundup Generative AI is for the idea guys (https://rachsmith.com/ai-is-for-the-idea-guys/) Static dual stack networking on OmniOS Solaris Zones (https://www.tumfatig.net/2024/static-dual-stack-networking-on-omnios-solaris-zones/) FRAME sockets added to OpenBSD (https://www.undeadly.org/cgi?action=article;sid=20241219080430) The problem with combining DNS CNAME records and anything else (https://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/tech/DNSCNAMEAndOthersWhyNot) Conference Bits BSD-NL (https://bsdnl.nl/) BSDCan (https://www.bsdcan.org/2025/) Tarsnap This weeks episode of BSDNow was sponsored by our friends at Tarsnap, the only secure online backup you can trust your data to. Even paranoids need backups. Feedback/Questions Send questions, comments, show ideas/topics, or stories you want mentioned on the show to feedback@bsdnow.tv (mailto:feedback@bsdnow.tv) Join us and other BSD Fans in our BSD Now Telegram channel (https://t.me/bsdnow)

Ridding my home network of IP addresses, Tools for Identifying and Resolving Storage Bottlenecks, OpenBGPD 8.7 released, Let's port the GNAT Ada compiler to macOS/aarch64, Modify an OmniOS service parameters, The history and use of /etc/glob in early Unixes, and more NOTES This episode of BSDNow is brought to you by Tarsnap (https://www.tarsnap.com/bsdnow) and the BSDNow Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/bsdnow) Headlines Ridding my home network of IP addresses (https://gist.github.com/jmason/aabd9d3acc86d9098654e8559e93b707) Tools for Identifying and Resolving Storage Bottlenecks (https://klarasystems.com/articles/managing-tracking-storage-performance-openzfs-bottlenecks/) News Roundup OpenBGPD 8.7 released (https://www.undeadly.org/cgi?action=article;sid=20241218195732) Let's port the GNAT Ada compiler to macOS/aarch64 (https://briancallahan.net/blog/20250112.html) Modify an OmniOS service parameters (https://www.tumfatig.net/2025/modify-an-omnios-service-parameters/) The history and use of /etc/glob in early Unixes (https://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/EtcGlobHistory) Tarsnap This weeks episode of BSDNow was sponsored by our friends at Tarsnap, the only secure online backup you can trust your data to. Even paranoids need backups. Feedback/Questions Nelson - TUHS (https://github.com/BSDNow/bsdnow.tv/blob/master/episodes/596/feedback/nelson-tuhs.md) Send questions, comments, show ideas/topics, or stories you want mentioned on the show to feedback@bsdnow.tv (mailto:feedback@bsdnow.tv) Join us and other BSD Fans in our BSD Now Telegram channel (https://t.me/bsdnow)

Applying the ARC Algorithm to the ARC, Advancing Cloud Native Containers on FreeBSD: Podman Testing Highlights, Running Web Browsers in FreeBSD Jail, Fixing pf not allowing IPv6 traffic on FreeBSD, Minitel: The Online World France Built Before the Web, Why Google Stores Billions of Lines of Code in a Single Repository, and more NOTES This episode of BSDNow is brought to you by Tarsnap (https://www.tarsnap.com/bsdnow) and the BSDNow Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/bsdnow) Headlines Applying the ARC Algorithm to the ARC (https://klarasystems.com/articles/applying-the-arc-algorithm-to-the-arc/?utm_source=BSD%20Now&utm_medium=Podcast) Advancing Cloud Native Containers on FreeBSD: Podman Testing Highlights (https://freebsdfoundation.org/blog/advancing-cloud-native-containers-on-freebsd-podman-testing-highlights/) News Roundup Running Web Browsers in FreeBSD Jail (https://tumfatig.net/2024/running-web-browsers-in-freebsd-jail/) Fixing pf not allowing IPv6 traffic on FreeBSD (https://www.ncartron.org/fixing-pf-not-allowing-ipv6-traffic-on-freebsd.html) Minitel: The Online World France Built Before the Web (https://spectrum.ieee.org/minitel-the-online-world-france-built-before-the-web) Why Google Stores Billions of Lines of Code in a Single Repository (https://cacm.acm.org/research/why-google-stores-billions-of-lines-of-code-in-a-single-repository/) Tarsnap This weeks episode of BSDNow was sponsored by our friends at Tarsnap, the only secure online backup you can trust your data to. Even paranoids need backups. Feedback/Questions Sam - EDR Support (https://github.com/BSDNow/bsdnow.tv/blob/master/episodes/595/feedback/Sam%20-%20EDR%20Support.md) Send questions, comments, show ideas/topics, or stories you want mentioned on the show to feedback@bsdnow.tv (mailto:feedback@bsdnow.tv) Join us and other BSD Fans in our BSD Now Telegram channel (https://t.me/bsdnow)

Security Audit of the Capsicum and bhyve Subsystems, ZFS on Linux and block IO limits show some limits of being out of the kernel, NetBSD on a ROCK64 Board, Domain Naming, BSDCan 2025 CFP, The Internet Gopher from Minnesota, and more NOTES This episode of BSDNow is brought to you by Tarsnap (https://www.tarsnap.com/bsdnow) and the BSDNow Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/bsdnow) Headlines Roundup Storage and Network Diagnostics (https://klarasystems.com/articles/winter_2024_roundup_storage_and_network_diagnostics/?utm_source=BSD%20Now&utm_medium=Podcast) Security Audit of the Capsicum and bhyve Subsystems (https://freebsdfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2024_Code_Audit_Capsicum_Bhyve_FreeBSD_Foundation.pdf) News Roundup ZFS on Linux and block IO limits show some limits of being out of the kernel (https://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/linux/ZFSOnLinuxVersusBlockIOLimits) NetBSD on a ROCK64 Board (https://simonevellei.com/blog/posts/netbsd-on-a-rock64-board/) Domain Naming (https://ambient.institute/domain-naming/) BSDCan 2025 CFP (https://www.bsdcan.org/2025/papers.html) The Internet Gopher from Minnesota (https://www.abortretry.fail/p/the-internet-gopher-from-minnesota) Tarsnap This weeks episode of BSDNow was sponsored by our friends at Tarsnap, the only secure online backup you can trust your data to. Even paranoids need backups. Feedback/Questions Brendan - MinIO (https://github.com/BSDNow/bsdnow.tv/blob/master/episodes/594/feedback/Brendan%20-%20minio.md) Send questions, comments, show ideas/topics, or stories you want mentioned on the show to feedback@bsdnow.tv (mailto:feedback@bsdnow.tv) Join us and other BSD Fans in our BSD Now Telegram channel (https://t.me/bsdnow)

The MacBreak Weekly crew celebrates the 25th anniversary of Mac OS X, discusses Apple's $95 million settlement over Siri privacy concerns, and shares their thoughts on new gaming capabilities coming to the Vision Pro headset. The hosts also debate the future of Google search in light of the US government's antitrust case and touch on the possibility of non-invasive glucose monitoring coming to the Apple Watch. • Release of iOS and iPadOS 16.3.1 with important bug fixes and security updates • 25th anniversary of Mac OS X and its importance in providing a modern, Unix-based foundation that became the basis for Apple's other operating systems • Apple's $95 million settlement over Siri privacy concerns related to accidental recordings, while maintaining that user data was never sold or used for marketing • Speculation on why Apple is unlikely to create its own search engine, particularly due to its lucrative deal with Google and the economic risks involved • Concerns over Apple's AI-generated news summaries sometimes being wildly inaccurate, prompting calls for the company to suspend the feature until it can be improved • Expansion of Apple Fitness+ with new workouts and integration with the Strava workout tracking platform • The gang discusses the ethical implications of Apple potentially securing exclusive rights to non-invasive blood glucose monitoring on the Apple Watch • Nvidia announcing upcoming support for its GeForce Now game streaming service on the Vision Pro headset, plus the ability to use the device for capturing movement to train AI for robotics • 'Wicked' director Jon M. Chu used Apple Vision Pro during the film's post-production process Picks of the Week: • Leo: Ghostty - a macOS terminal with metal integration • Jason: Govee Christmas Lights 2, programmable LED lights for festive decoration • Alex: iPhone Cinematic mode, which allows for impressive video capture and post-production focus adjustments • Andy: Anker's new 140W 4-port charger, offering fast charging capabilities for multiple devices simultaneously Hosts: Leo Laporte, Alex Lindsay, Andy Ihnatko, and Jason Snell Download or subscribe to MacBreak Weekly at https://twit.tv/shows/macbreak-weekly. Get episodes ad-free with Club TWiT at https://twit.tv/clubtwit Sponsors: zscaler.com/security Melissa.com/twit cachefly.com/twit

The MacBreak Weekly crew celebrates the 25th anniversary of Mac OS X, discusses Apple's $95 million settlement over Siri privacy concerns, and shares their thoughts on new gaming capabilities coming to the Vision Pro headset. The hosts also debate the future of Google search in light of the US government's antitrust case and touch on the possibility of non-invasive glucose monitoring coming to the Apple Watch. • Release of iOS and iPadOS 16.3.1 with important bug fixes and security updates • 25th anniversary of Mac OS X and its importance in providing a modern, Unix-based foundation that became the basis for Apple's other operating systems • Apple's $95 million settlement over Siri privacy concerns related to accidental recordings, while maintaining that user data was never sold or used for marketing • Speculation on why Apple is unlikely to create its own search engine, particularly due to its lucrative deal with Google and the economic risks involved • Concerns over Apple's AI-generated news summaries sometimes being wildly inaccurate, prompting calls for the company to suspend the feature until it can be improved • Expansion of Apple Fitness+ with new workouts and integration with the Strava workout tracking platform • The gang discusses the ethical implications of Apple potentially securing exclusive rights to non-invasive blood glucose monitoring on the Apple Watch • Nvidia announcing upcoming support for its GeForce Now game streaming service on the Vision Pro headset, plus the ability to use the device for capturing movement to train AI for robotics • 'Wicked' director Jon M. Chu used Apple Vision Pro during the film's post-production process Picks of the Week: • Leo: Ghostty - a macOS terminal with metal integration • Jason: Govee Christmas Lights 2, programmable LED lights for festive decoration • Alex: iPhone Cinematic mode, which allows for impressive video capture and post-production focus adjustments • Andy: Anker's new 140W 4-port charger, offering fast charging capabilities for multiple devices simultaneously Hosts: Leo Laporte, Alex Lindsay, Andy Ihnatko, and Jason Snell Download or subscribe to MacBreak Weekly at https://twit.tv/shows/macbreak-weekly. Get episodes ad-free with Club TWiT at https://twit.tv/clubtwit Sponsors: zscaler.com/security Melissa.com/twit cachefly.com/twit

The MacBreak Weekly crew celebrates the 25th anniversary of Mac OS X, discusses Apple's $95 million settlement over Siri privacy concerns, and shares their thoughts on new gaming capabilities coming to the Vision Pro headset. The hosts also debate the future of Google search in light of the US government's antitrust case and touch on the possibility of non-invasive glucose monitoring coming to the Apple Watch. • Release of iOS and iPadOS 16.3.1 with important bug fixes and security updates • 25th anniversary of Mac OS X and its importance in providing a modern, Unix-based foundation that became the basis for Apple's other operating systems • Apple's $95 million settlement over Siri privacy concerns related to accidental recordings, while maintaining that user data was never sold or used for marketing • Speculation on why Apple is unlikely to create its own search engine, particularly due to its lucrative deal with Google and the economic risks involved • Concerns over Apple's AI-generated news summaries sometimes being wildly inaccurate, prompting calls for the company to suspend the feature until it can be improved • Expansion of Apple Fitness+ with new workouts and integration with the Strava workout tracking platform • The gang discusses the ethical implications of Apple potentially securing exclusive rights to non-invasive blood glucose monitoring on the Apple Watch • Nvidia announcing upcoming support for its GeForce Now game streaming service on the Vision Pro headset, plus the ability to use the device for capturing movement to train AI for robotics • 'Wicked' director Jon M. Chu used Apple Vision Pro during the film's post-production process Picks of the Week: • Leo: Ghostty - a macOS terminal with metal integration • Jason: Govee Christmas Lights 2, programmable LED lights for festive decoration • Alex: iPhone Cinematic mode, which allows for impressive video capture and post-production focus adjustments • Andy: Anker's new 140W 4-port charger, offering fast charging capabilities for multiple devices simultaneously Hosts: Leo Laporte, Alex Lindsay, Andy Ihnatko, and Jason Snell Download or subscribe to MacBreak Weekly at https://twit.tv/shows/macbreak-weekly. Get episodes ad-free with Club TWiT at https://twit.tv/clubtwit Sponsors: zscaler.com/security Melissa.com/twit cachefly.com/twit

The MacBreak Weekly crew celebrates the 25th anniversary of Mac OS X, discusses Apple's $95 million settlement over Siri privacy concerns, and shares their thoughts on new gaming capabilities coming to the Vision Pro headset. The hosts also debate the future of Google search in light of the US government's antitrust case and touch on the possibility of non-invasive glucose monitoring coming to the Apple Watch. • Release of iOS and iPadOS 16.3.1 with important bug fixes and security updates • 25th anniversary of Mac OS X and its importance in providing a modern, Unix-based foundation that became the basis for Apple's other operating systems • Apple's $95 million settlement over Siri privacy concerns related to accidental recordings, while maintaining that user data was never sold or used for marketing • Speculation on why Apple is unlikely to create its own search engine, particularly due to its lucrative deal with Google and the economic risks involved • Concerns over Apple's AI-generated news summaries sometimes being wildly inaccurate, prompting calls for the company to suspend the feature until it can be improved • Expansion of Apple Fitness+ with new workouts and integration with the Strava workout tracking platform • The gang discusses the ethical implications of Apple potentially securing exclusive rights to non-invasive blood glucose monitoring on the Apple Watch • Nvidia announcing upcoming support for its GeForce Now game streaming service on the Vision Pro headset, plus the ability to use the device for capturing movement to train AI for robotics • 'Wicked' director Jon M. Chu used Apple Vision Pro during the film's post-production process Picks of the Week: • Leo: Ghostty - a macOS terminal with metal integration • Jason: Govee Christmas Lights 2, programmable LED lights for festive decoration • Alex: iPhone Cinematic mode, which allows for impressive video capture and post-production focus adjustments • Andy: Anker's new 140W 4-port charger, offering fast charging capabilities for multiple devices simultaneously Hosts: Leo Laporte, Alex Lindsay, Andy Ihnatko, and Jason Snell Download or subscribe to MacBreak Weekly at https://twit.tv/shows/macbreak-weekly. Get episodes ad-free with Club TWiT at https://twit.tv/clubtwit Sponsors: zscaler.com/security Melissa.com/twit cachefly.com/twit