Podcasts about sudan people

Content warning for discussion of genocide, torture, mutilation, rape, and slavery Hey, Hi, Hello, this is the History Wizard and welcome back for Day 11 of Have a Day w/ The History Wizard. Thank you to everyone who tuned in for Day 10 last week, and especially thank you to everyone who rated and/or reviewed the podcast. I hope you all learned something last week and I hope the same for this week. This week marks the 3rd part of our mini series of currently ongoing genocides and humanitarian crises. Episode 2 was on Palestine, Episode 11 was on Congo, today's episode will be on Sudan. The nation of Sudan is currently dealing with, among other things we'll cover in detail later in this episode, the largest deplacement campaign of anywhere on the planet with over 9 million people being displaced from their homes by war and genocide. It always feels a little weird transitioning into this part of the episode, but it's now time for the Alchemist's Table. I've invented nearly 90 cocktails over the past 2 years and this one remains my very favorite. It's called the No True Scotsman. Take 2 oz of your scotch whiskey of choice, though I'd recommend a light Islay scotch, something like a Bowmore, or maybe a Campbeltown like Glen Scotia. Then add .75 oz of Frangelico, 1 oz of Maple syrup. Shake this like your life depends on it and pour over ice. Top the drink with ginger beer and enjoy. Now, fortified as we are by uisce beatha, the waters of life, let's get into it. So, what is happening in Sudan, right now? A civil war officially started between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the the Rapid Support Forces that grew out of the Janjaweed militias that were so prevalent in the Darfur Genocide. The war officially began on 15 April 2023 and is still ongoing. But, in order to understand what is happening right now, we need to understand what was happening in the 19th century under British and Egyptian colonialism in the region. So, let's starts at as much of the beginning as we can. Let's start at the Mahdist War. Following Muhammad Ali's invasion (no, a different Muhammad Ali)  in 1819, Sudan was governed by an Egyptian administration. Throughout the period of Egyptian rule, many segments of the Sudanese population suffered extreme hardship because of the system of taxation imposed by the central government. Under this system, a flat tax was imposed on farmers and small traders and collected by government-appointed tax collectors from the Sha'iqiyya tribe of northern Sudan. Throughout the century, and especially after Egypt was floundering to pay the costs of the Suez Canal, Britain got more and more involved. In the late 19th century a war broke out between the Mahdist Sudanese, led by Muhammad Ahmad bin Abdullah, who had proclaimed himself the "Mahdi" of Islam (the "Guided One"), and the forces of the Khedivate of Egypt, initially, and later the forces of Britain. Eighteen years of war resulted in the creation of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (1899–1956), a de jure condominium of the British Empire, and the Kingdom of Egypt, in which Britain had de facto control over Sudan. Sudan officially voted for independence in 1956 and became its own independent republic. Although it achieved independence without conflict, Sudan inherited many problems from the condominium. Chief among these was the status of the civil service. The government placed Sudanese in the administration and provided compensation and pensions for British officers of Sudan Political Service who left the country; it retained those who could not be replaced, mostly technicians and teachers. Khartoum achieved this transformation quickly and with a minimum of turbulence, although southerners resented the replacement of British administrators in the south with northern Sudanese. To advance their interests, many southern leaders concentrated their efforts in Khartoum, where they hoped to win constitutional concessions. Although determined to resist what they perceived to be Arab imperialism, they were opposed to violence. Most southern representatives supported provincial autonomy and warned that failure to win legal concessions would drive the south to rebellion. To understand the issues in Sudan we need to understand that, ultimately, this is a religious and ethnic conflict between the mostly Islamic North and the largely Christian and animist South regions in the nation of Sudan. On November 17, 1958, the day parliament was to convene, a military coup occurred. Khalil, himself a retired army general, planned the preemptive coup in conjunction with leading Umma members and the army's two senior generals, Ibrahim Abboud and Ahmad Abd al Wahab, who became leaders of the military regime. Abboud immediately pledged to resolve all disputes with Egypt, including the long-standing problem of the status of the Nile River. Abboud abandoned the previous government's unrealistic policies regarding the sale of cotton. He also appointed a constitutional commission, headed by the chief justice, to draft a permanent constitution. Abboud maintained, however, that political parties only served as vehicles for personal ambitions and that they would not be reestablished when civilian rule was restored. Despite the Abboud regime's early successes, opposition elements remained powerful. In 1959 dissident military officers made three attempts to displace Abboud with a "popular government." Although the courts sentenced the leaders of these attempted coups to life imprisonment, discontent in the military continued to hamper the government's performance. In particular, the Sudanese Communist Party (SCP) gained a reputation as an effective anti-government organization. To compound its problems, the Abboud regime lacked dynamism and the ability to stabilize the country. Its failure to place capable civilian advisers in positions of authority, or to launch a credible economic and social development program, and gain the army's support, created an atmosphere that encouraged political turbulence. A revolution in 1964 returned the nation to civilian rule, but did little to remove the preceding issues that plagued Sudan. This all brings us within the context of the First Sudanese Civil War. This war was a conflict from 1955 to 1972 between the northern part of Sudan and the southern Sudan region that demanded representation and more regional autonomy. The war was divided into four major stages: initial guerrilla warfare, the creation of the Anyanya insurgency, political strife within the government and establishment of the South Sudan Liberation Movement. Around a million people died over the course of the nearly 17-year long war. The war would end with the signing of the Addis Ababa Accord, which created two main things. A South Sudanese Autonomous Region, and relative peace, if only for about a decade. The Second Sudanese Civil War would break out in 1983. Some sources describe the conflict as an ethnoreligious one where the Arab-Muslim central government's pursuits to impose Sharia law on non-Muslim southerners led to violence, and eventually to the civil war. Historian Douglas Johnson has pointed to exploitative governance as the root cause. This war lasted for some 22 years, making it one of the longest civil wars in recorded Human History. Roughly two million people died as a result of war, famine and disease caused by the conflict. Four million people in southern Sudan were displaced at least once, normally repeatedly during the war. The civilian death toll is one of the highest of any war since World War II and was marked by numerous human rights violations, including slavery and mass killings. Perhaps one of the greatest horrors and tragedies of the Second Sudanese Civil War was the use of child soldiers. Armies from all sides enlisted children in their ranks. The 2005 agreement required that child soldiers be demobilized and sent home. The Sudan People's Liberation Army (the SPLA, by the way, was founded in 1983 as a rebel group to reestablish the South as an autonomous region after president Nimeiry declared the South to officially be part of a fully reunited Sudan.) claimed to have let go 16,000 of its child soldiers between 2001 and 2004. However, international observers (UN and Global Report 2004) have found demobilized children have often been re-recruited by the SPLA. As of 2004, there were between 2,500 and 5,000 children serving in the SPLA.  There was also a revival of slavery during the Second Civil War, it was largely directed at southern Christians, on the grounds that Islamic law allegedly allowed it, and also at women, many of whom were kept as sex slaves and repeatedly raped. The Second Civil War ended officially in 2002 with the signing of the Naivasha Agreement. This guaranteed autonomy for the South for 6 years after which a referendum would be help to vote for official independence. This war ended with roughly 2 million people, mostly civilians, dead of drought and famine caused in large parts by the fighting. Still, while the Second Civil War ended in 2005, it overlapped with a crisis that my generation is very familiar with and that is still, technically, ongoing to this day. I am speaking, of course, of the Darfur Genocide that began in 2003 and has not ended to this day. The War in Darfur, which is also sometimes called the Land Cruiser War, because there were a LOT of Toyota Land Cruiser pick up trucks on both sides of the war, began in February 2003 when the Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) rebel groups began fighting against the government of Sudan, which they accused of oppressing Darfur's non-Arab population.  So first let's talk real quick about the SLM and the JEM. When General Omar al-Bashir and the National Islamic Front headed by Dr. Hassan al-Turabi overthrew the Sudanese government led by Ahmed al-Mirghani in 1989. A large section of the population in Darfur, particularly the non-Arab ethnicities in the region, became increasingly marginalized. These feelings were solidified in 2000 by the publication of The Black Book, which detailed the structural inequity in the Sudan that denies non-Arabs equal justice and power sharing. In 2002 Abdul Wahid al-Nur, a lawyer, Ahmad Abdel Shafi Bassey, an education student, and a third man founded the Darfur Liberation Front, which subsequently evolved into the Sudan Liberation Movement and claimed to represent all of the oppressed in the Sudan. The Black Book, also known as The Black Book: Imbalance of Power and Wealth in the Sudan detailed how, despite the Arabic people of North Sudan making up 5.4% of the population they still held 79.5% of the wealth in the nation. So in this context, beyond being a war and genocide based on ethnicity and religion we can see economic reasons for the war. There was a massive disparity between the haves and the have nots, and Karl Marx would tell us that this is the foundation and origin of all of history's great wars.  Now, the Justice and Equality Movement trace their origin to the writers of The Black Book: Imbalance of Power and Wealth in the Sudan, a manuscript published in 2000 that details what it views as the structural inequality in the country; the JEM's founder, Khalil Ibrahim, was one of the authors. The JEM claims to number around 35,000 with an ethnically diverse membership. According to critics it is not the "rainbow of tribes" it claims to be, as most JEM members, including its leader, are from the Zaghawa tribe. The JEM is part of the Sudan Revolutionary Front (SRF), an alliance of groups opposed to the Government of Sudan. The Darfur Genocide has it's roots in the same places as all geocides. One group, who feels themselves superior to all others, decided that the best way to deal with these divisive elements in their society is to try and kill them. We saw the same type of conflict in the Armenian genocide of the early 20th century. The Northern Sudanese government saw the non Arabic elements of South Sudan as threats to their power in the region and so decided to kill them. The use of rape as a tool of genocide has been noted as well. This crime has been carried out by Sudanese government forces and the Janjaweed ("evil men on horseback") paramilitary groups. The actions of the Janjaweed have been described as genocidal rape, with not just women, but children as well. There were also reports of infants being bludgeoned to death, and the sexual mutilation of victims being commonplace. One thing I want to make sure we mention is that the President of Sudan during the Darfur genocide has had arrest warrants issued against him by the ICC. He has been charged with five counts of crimes against humanity: murder, extermination, forcible transfer, torture, and rape; two counts of war crimes: intentionally directing attacks against a civilian population as such or against individual civilians not taking part in hostilities, and pillaging; three counts of genocide: by killing, by causing serious bodily or mental harm, and by deliberately inflicting on each target group conditions of life calculated to bring about the group's physical destruction, allegedly committed at least between 2003 and 2008 in Darfur, Sudan. To this day he remains at large and is not in custody. I say remains at large. We, more or less, know where he is. As of 2019 al-Bashir was ousted from his political role by the RSF in a military coup and jailed in Khartoum. Tensions rose between the RSF and the SLM and in 2023 they erupted, once again, into a civil war in Sudan. This brings us, more or less, up to modern day Sudan and the current conflict. To put it as simply as possible, ethnic and religious tensions between the Arabic north and the Christian south have exploded into a full scale war in a period of drought and famine. Roughly 9 million people have been displaced and pretty much everyone who lives in Sudan is without adequate food and water. The United Arab Emirates, among other nations are actively supporting the RSF in their continued subjugation of South Sudan and are actively contributing to the ongoing Darfur genocide. Roughly 80% of Sudanese hospitals no longer exist, and the World Food Programe has indicated that some 95% of Sudanese people are in a state of massive food insecurity. On 3 August 2023, Amnesty International released its report on the conflict. Titled Death Came To Our Home: War Crimes and Civilian Suffering In Sudan, it documented "mass civilian casualties in both deliberate and indiscriminate attacks" by both the SAF and the RSF, particularly in Khartoum and West Darfur. It also detailed sexual violence against women and girls as young as 12, targeted attacks on civilian facilities such as hospitals and churches, and looting. Early March 2024, the UN Panel of Experts on Sudan, mandated by Resolution 2620 (2022) of the UN Security Council, published their latest report. It described the wide-ranging devastation and violence in the country, caused in many cases by the RSF and associated militias. With regard to war crimes in West Darfur, the report estimated the death rate through ethnic cleansing of the Masalit community in El Geneina between 10,000 and 15,000. In her speech before the Security Council Committee, Ambassador Linda Thomas-Greenfield, the US Representative to the United Nations, commented: "It is my hope that the sobering report will at long last shake the world from its indifference to the horrors playing out before our eyes." In April 2024, the Raoul Wallenberg Centre for Human Rights released a report into breaches of the Genocide Convention in Darfur. The independent report found that there is "clear and convincing evidence" that the RSF and its allied militias "have committed and are committing genocide against the Masalit," a non-Arab ethnic group, and that all 153 states that have signed the Genocide Convention are "obligated to end complicity in and employ all means reasonably available to prevent and halt the genocide." It goes on to say that there is "clear and convincing evidence" that Sudan, the United Arab Emirates, Libya, Chad, the Central African Republic (CAR) and Russia via the actions of the Wagner Group are "complicit in the genocide." The ongoing genocide and refugee crisis in Sudan can, absolutely trace its roots to British imperialism, but beyond that it is part of an ongoing religious conflict between Islam and Christianity dating back all the way to the Crusades. The conflict between the SAF and the RSF is ongoing and shows no signs of slowing down or stopping. While these two groups fight for control over Sudan millions of innocent civilians are dying due to lack of access to food and water. Civil war and genocide is ongoing against the Fur, Masalit and Zaghawa ethnic groups and against the general non-Arabic Muslim peoples of Sudan. This conflict has been going on for so long that we have all but forgotten about it. I was in high school and engaging in political activism to end the Darfur genocide. This was nearly 20 years ago. I'm old as hell. There are so many horrible crimes and genocides that exist in the world today. Please don't forget about these suffering people. Genocide relies on existing for long enough that it becomes part of the background. None of this is normal. Never again is right now. That's it for this week folks. No new reviews, so let's get right into the outro. Have a Day! w/ The History Wizard is brought to you by me, The History Wizard. If you want to see/hear more of me you can find me on Tiktok @thehistorywizard or on Instagram @the_history_wizard. Please remember to rate, review, and subscribe to Have a Day! On your pod catcher of choice. The more you do, the more people will be able to listen and learn along with you. Thank you  for sticking around until the end and, as always, Have a Day, and Free Sudan  

The Deputy Speaker of South Sudan's Transitional Parliament says the country is not prepared to hold free, fair, and credible elections this year. Nathaniel Oyet Pierrino, who is also Deputy Chairman of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM-IO), led by First Vice President Riek Machar, says this is due to intransigence and lack of political will by the current transitional government led by President Salva Kiir. His comments come as President Kiir this week rejected any extension of the transitional period, saying elections should take place this year as scheduled. Pierrino tells VOA's James Butty, having elections now would be a recipe for violence because the country is far behind implementation of the Revitalized Peace Agreement.

Everyone wants to get to the Moon, but little do they know that Danny and Derek are the stars in their eyes. This week's news: the 2023 BRICS summit sees the bloc expanding significantly (0:34); India makes a historic lunar landing (5:19); meanwhile, the DPRK has a disastrous satellite launch (7:11); Japan begins releasing waste water from the Fukushima disaster into the Pacific (8:46); an update on Sudan, where the militant group the Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North has entered the picture (10:11); things remain tense as ECOWAS declares a “d-day” for intervention in Niger (12:25); Wagner Group head Yivginy Prigozhin is said to have died in a plane crash in Russia (15:43); an update of the situation Ukraine, where the counteroffensive continues to inch toward the city of Melitopol (18:14); and a New Cold War update featuring the Japan-South Korea summit at Camp David (23:04) and Chinese military exercises near Taiwan (24:51).For more on Prigozhin's death, check out our special from Wednesday and keep your eyes peeled for a follow-up with Mark Ames of Radio War Nerd. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.americanprestigepod.com/subscribe

More than 55 civilians have been killed and hundreds of others injured in Sudan, as rival military factions fight for control. Heavy fighting and explosions erupted in the capital of Khartoum at the weekend, where Sudan's military leader Abdel Fattah al-Burhan and the commander of the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces, Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo are vying for power to lead the country. A three-hour temporary ceasefire was agreed upon to allow humanitarian evacuations, however, it was widely ignored. A Representative of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement, here in South Africa, Sabir Ebrahim spoke to our Senior producer Ronald Phiri about what is at the heart of the conflict...

South Sudan's President Salva Kiir has appointed a new defence minister replacing Angelina Teny, who he sacked earlier this month. The appointment of Gen Chol Thon Balok has announced in a presidential decree read on the national broadcaster, the South Sudan Broadcasting Corporation (SSBC), on Wednesday night. Gen Thon is from the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) of President Salva KiirMs Teny is from the Sudan People's Liberation Movement in Opposition (SPLM-IO) of First Vice-President, Riek Machar. This show is part of the Spreaker Prime Network, if you are interested in advertising on this podcast, contact us at https://www.spreaker.com/show/4090160/advertisement

On Daybreak Africa M23 rebels operating in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo say they are dedicated towards fulfilling a ceasefire and withdrawal agreement following a meeting in Angola between President Felix Tshisekedi and Rwandan President Paul Kagame. Sudan's President Salva Kiir is on the receiving end of criticism from The Sudan People's Liberation Movement In-Opposition, the main opposing party to the 2018 revitalized peace agreement, after the East African nation revoked the appointment of Amer Ateny Alier, as speaker of the Jonglei state legislative assembly.

The leader of a military movement in the country says there is a risk Sudan could split because the current military junta in charge of the country is not ready for a peaceful settlement and want to stay in power, The leader of the Sudan People's Liberation Army, Abdelaziz al-Hilu, says that his group will opt for independence if the government in Khartoum does not change. The SPLA-North is in control of a large swathe of land in the Nuba mountains in the country's south, as well as part of the Blue Nile in the southeast. Mr. Al-Hilu says his group prefers unity but warned that if Khartoum wants to maintain the old Sudan of segregation and oppression then “we will opt for independence.

Deng Adut was taken away as a 6-year-old to fight for the Sudan People's Liberation Army. In part one he tells Gary about the traumas of his childhood and the moments that gave him hope. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Nyabony Gat says that her immigrant story started 22 years ago. In 1992, when her parents and older siblings fled from South Sudan and found refuge in Ethiopia — the Second Sudanese civil war was going on between the central Sudanese government and the Sudan People's Liberation Army. It was a long and bloody war and it caused four million people to be displaced.  Nyabony doesn't remember much from her childhood. She knows that she was born in Ethiopia and she knows that she and her family came to the United States when she was 3 or 4 years old. Other than that, she's had to rely on stories from her parents and her aunts and her uncles. Those stories are helpful in understanding her identity, but they're not a perfect substitute. She says that only personal experience can fill that void. Today, she works with Alaska's immigrant and refugee community. She helps them overcome challenges and achieve their goals. And in that process, she says, they're helping her better understand her background and herself.

Nyabony Gat says that her immigrant story started 22 years ago. In 1992, when her parents and older siblings fled from South Sudan and found refuge in Ethiopia — the Second Sudanese civil war was going on between the central Sudanese government and the Sudan People's Liberation Army. It was a long and bloody war and it caused four million people to be displaced.  Nyabony doesn't remember much from her childhood. She knows that she was born in Ethiopia and she knows that she and her family came to the United States when she was 3 or 4 years old. Other than that, she's had to rely on stories from her parents and her aunts and her uncles. Those stories are helpful in understanding her identity, but they're not a perfect substitute. She says that only personal experience can fill that void. Today, she works with Alaska's immigrant and refugee community. She helps them overcome challenges and achieve their goals. And in that process, she says, they're helping her better understand her background and herself. Chatter Marks is a podcast of the Anchorage Museum, and is available on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Amazon Music and Google Podcasts. Just search "Chatter Marks."

“Katiba Banat is not just a word. We were soldiers. Even we lost some of our soldiers – women like us” During the second Sudanese civil war, a group of young female volunteers formed an all-women battalion in the rebel Sudan People's Liberation Army They worked with weapons or as medics and sang songs on the radio and in the bush as part of the SPLA's recruitment drive After a few years in combat most left to get married and have children, becoming refugees and scattering all over the world as the bloody civil war rolled on They say their contribution has been ignored by those in charge of independent South Sudan But now their stories are being told by one of their daughters, film-maker Adhel Arop Presenter: Alan Kasujja (@Kasujja) Guest: Adhel Arop (@AdhelArop)

This event was the launch of Yaniv Voller's latest book Second-Generation Liberation Wars: Rethinking Colonialism in Iraqi Kurdistan and Southern Sudan published by Cambridge University Press. The formation of post-colonial states in Africa, and the Middle East gave birth to prolonged separatist wars. Exploring the evolution of these separatist wars, Yaniv Voller examines the strategies that both governments and insurgents employed, how these strategies were shaped by the previous struggle against European colonialism and the practices and roles that emerged in the subsequent period, which moulded the identities, aims and strategies of post-colonial governments and separatist rebels. Based on a wealth of primary sources, Voller focuses on two post-colonial separatist wars: in Iraqi Kurdistan, between Kurdish separatists and the government in Baghdad, and Southern Sudan, between black African insurgents and the government in Khartoum. By providing an account of both conflicts, he offers a new understanding of colonialism, decolonisation and the international politics of the post-colonial world. Yaniv Voller is Senior Lecturer in the Politics of the Middle East at the University of Kent. Prior to this, he was a Leverhulme Early Career Fellow at the School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh. Voller received his PhD from the LSE, where he also taught courses in the International Relations and the International History Departments. In 2018-2019, Yaniv was a Conflict Research Fellow at the DFID-funded Conflict Research Programme at the LSE and the Social Science Research Council. Voller's research broadly concerns the geopolitics of the Middle East, the foreign policies of Middle Eastern states, separatism/liberation, insurgency and the role of ideas, ideology and practices in shaping international politics. He is the author of The Kurdish Liberation Movement in Iraq: From Insurgency to Statehood (Routledge, 2014). Ponsiano Bimeny is a Visiting Research Fellow at the Firoz Lalji Institute for Africa at LSE. He completed his PhD in Development Studies at SOAS University of London with his thesis examining the contradicting visions of the South Sudanese state and its implications for the processes of state formation within the country and in Sub Saharan Africa more broadly. Bimeny's thesis particularly focused on citizenship and identity in the context of conflict, violence and population displacement in South Sudan, drawing on the 2005 political settlement and the most recent conflict between the government's Sudan People's Liberation Army and the different paramilitary and social groups. Bimeny has more than six years of experience working as a development professional in Northern Uganda, including delivering the UNICEF-funded Government of Uganda's “Justice for Children” programme. Bimeny has also recently undertaken research work focusing on the post conflict settings of the Acholi and Karamoja regions of northern Uganda for the Deconstructing Notions of Resilience project at the Firoz Lalji Institute for Africa. He has provided regional insights about Africa's Great Lakes Region to the Centre of African Studies at SOAS since 2016.

In The Child Soldiers of Africa's Red Army: The Role of Social Process and Routinised Violence in South Sudan's Military (Routledge, 2022), Dr. Carol Berger examines the role of social process and routinised violence in the use of underaged soldiers in the country now known as South Sudan during the twenty-one-year civil war between Sudan's northern and southern regions. Drawing on accounts of South Sudanese who as children and teenagers were part of the Red Army—the youth wing of the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA)—the book sheds light on the organised nature of the exploitation of children and youth by senior adult figures within the movement. The book also includes interviews with several of the original Red Army commanders, all of whom went on to hold senior positions within the military and government of South Sudan. The author chronicles the cultural transformation experienced by members of the Red Army and considers whether an analysis of the processes involved in what was then Africa's longest civil war can aid our understanding of South Sudan's more recent descent into ethnicised conflict. As such, it will appeal to scholars of sociology, anthropology, and political science with interests in ethnography, conflict, and the military exploitation of children. This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose doctoral work focused on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/sociology

In The Child Soldiers of Africa's Red Army: The Role of Social Process and Routinised Violence in South Sudan's Military (Routledge, 2022), Dr. Carol Berger examines the role of social process and routinised violence in the use of underaged soldiers in the country now known as South Sudan during the twenty-one-year civil war between Sudan's northern and southern regions. Drawing on accounts of South Sudanese who as children and teenagers were part of the Red Army—the youth wing of the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA)—the book sheds light on the organised nature of the exploitation of children and youth by senior adult figures within the movement. The book also includes interviews with several of the original Red Army commanders, all of whom went on to hold senior positions within the military and government of South Sudan. The author chronicles the cultural transformation experienced by members of the Red Army and considers whether an analysis of the processes involved in what was then Africa's longest civil war can aid our understanding of South Sudan's more recent descent into ethnicised conflict. As such, it will appeal to scholars of sociology, anthropology, and political science with interests in ethnography, conflict, and the military exploitation of children. This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose doctoral work focused on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/anthropology

In The Child Soldiers of Africa's Red Army: The Role of Social Process and Routinised Violence in South Sudan's Military (Routledge, 2022), Dr. Carol Berger examines the role of social process and routinised violence in the use of underaged soldiers in the country now known as South Sudan during the twenty-one-year civil war between Sudan's northern and southern regions. Drawing on accounts of South Sudanese who as children and teenagers were part of the Red Army—the youth wing of the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA)—the book sheds light on the organised nature of the exploitation of children and youth by senior adult figures within the movement. The book also includes interviews with several of the original Red Army commanders, all of whom went on to hold senior positions within the military and government of South Sudan. The author chronicles the cultural transformation experienced by members of the Red Army and considers whether an analysis of the processes involved in what was then Africa's longest civil war can aid our understanding of South Sudan's more recent descent into ethnicised conflict. As such, it will appeal to scholars of sociology, anthropology, and political science with interests in ethnography, conflict, and the military exploitation of children. This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose doctoral work focused on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/african-studies

In The Child Soldiers of Africa's Red Army: The Role of Social Process and Routinised Violence in South Sudan's Military (Routledge, 2022), Dr. Carol Berger examines the role of social process and routinised violence in the use of underaged soldiers in the country now known as South Sudan during the twenty-one-year civil war between Sudan's northern and southern regions. Drawing on accounts of South Sudanese who as children and teenagers were part of the Red Army—the youth wing of the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA)—the book sheds light on the organised nature of the exploitation of children and youth by senior adult figures within the movement. The book also includes interviews with several of the original Red Army commanders, all of whom went on to hold senior positions within the military and government of South Sudan. The author chronicles the cultural transformation experienced by members of the Red Army and considers whether an analysis of the processes involved in what was then Africa's longest civil war can aid our understanding of South Sudan's more recent descent into ethnicised conflict. As such, it will appeal to scholars of sociology, anthropology, and political science with interests in ethnography, conflict, and the military exploitation of children. This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose doctoral work focused on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/military-history

In The Child Soldiers of Africa's Red Army: The Role of Social Process and Routinised Violence in South Sudan's Military (Routledge, 2022), Dr. Carol Berger examines the role of social process and routinised violence in the use of underaged soldiers in the country now known as South Sudan during the twenty-one-year civil war between Sudan's northern and southern regions. Drawing on accounts of South Sudanese who as children and teenagers were part of the Red Army—the youth wing of the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA)—the book sheds light on the organised nature of the exploitation of children and youth by senior adult figures within the movement. The book also includes interviews with several of the original Red Army commanders, all of whom went on to hold senior positions within the military and government of South Sudan. The author chronicles the cultural transformation experienced by members of the Red Army and considers whether an analysis of the processes involved in what was then Africa's longest civil war can aid our understanding of South Sudan's more recent descent into ethnicised conflict. As such, it will appeal to scholars of sociology, anthropology, and political science with interests in ethnography, conflict, and the military exploitation of children. This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose doctoral work focused on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

In The Child Soldiers of Africa's Red Army: The Role of Social Process and Routinised Violence in South Sudan's Military (Routledge, 2022), Dr. Carol Berger examines the role of social process and routinised violence in the use of underaged soldiers in the country now known as South Sudan during the twenty-one-year civil war between Sudan's northern and southern regions. Drawing on accounts of South Sudanese who as children and teenagers were part of the Red Army—the youth wing of the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA)—the book sheds light on the organised nature of the exploitation of children and youth by senior adult figures within the movement. The book also includes interviews with several of the original Red Army commanders, all of whom went on to hold senior positions within the military and government of South Sudan. The author chronicles the cultural transformation experienced by members of the Red Army and considers whether an analysis of the processes involved in what was then Africa's longest civil war can aid our understanding of South Sudan's more recent descent into ethnicised conflict. As such, it will appeal to scholars of sociology, anthropology, and political science with interests in ethnography, conflict, and the military exploitation of children. This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose doctoral work focused on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

At least ten soldiers were killed in separate clashes between rival factions of the Sudan People's Liberation Army ̶ In Opposition or SPLA-IO in Upper Nile State over the weekend; Central Equatoria State official vow to work together to address a host of challenges facing the state including conflict between cattle keepers and famers, land grabbing, economic hardships, and activities of the armed opposition group National Salvation Front; An executive member of the Sudanese Journalists Network has condemned the detention of three British media personnel in Khartoum yesterday calling it an attack on media freedom

Some Sudanese political parties have praised Prime Minister Abdallah Hamdok's decision to resign, describing it as courageous; The Sudan People's Liberation Army in Opposition or SPLA-IO in Jonglei state has released 3 senior military officers who were arrested for trying to defect to the South Sudan People's Defense Force in November last year; Some Sudanese leaders have expressed mixed views President Salva Kiir's order prohibiting members of the security forces from participating in politics; And health officials in South Sudan have confirmed cases of the omicron variant of COVID-19.

South Sudan First Vice President and leader of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement In Opposition, Riek Machar, says it will be impossible for the country to hold elections in 2023 without graduating and deploying a unified army to handle security for the elections #SouthSudan; Authorities in South Sudan's Jonglei State are calling for urgent intervention as people and livestock die in worrying numbers after showing symptoms including diarrhea, vomiting, and general body weakness in Fangak County

The Sudan People's Liberation Movement ̶ North is calling on Sudan's military leader General Abdel Fattah Al-Burhan to release its deputy chairman Yasir Arman, who served as political advisor to deposed prime minister Abdalla Hamdok, and other political prisoners; A South Sudan delegation led by President Salva Kiir's security advisor Tut Galuak is in Khartoum to meet with Sudan's military leaders and deposed Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok on the political crisis following last week's military takeover; Authorities in Bor County of South Sudan's Jonglei State say they're searching for suspects who attacked a cattle market in Anyidi Payam on Saturday killing two people and injuring another

The Sudan People's Liberation Movement ̶ North is calling on Sudan's military leader General Abdel Fattah Al-Burhan to release its deputy chairman Yasir Arman, who served as political advisor to deposed prime minister Abdalla Hamdok, and other political prisoners; A South Sudan delegation led by President Salva Kiir's security advisor Tut Galuak is in Khartoum to meet with Sudan's military leaders and deposed Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok on the political crisis following last week's military takeover; Authorities in Bor County of South Sudan's Jonglei State say they're searching for suspects who attacked a cattle market in Anyidi Payam on Saturday killing two people and injuring another

Siamo andati in Turchia, dove il presidente Recep Tayyip Erdoğan ha fatto dichiarare persona non grata dieci ambasciatori, tra cui quelli di Francia, UK e Usa: ne abbiamo parlato con Valeria Talbot (responsabile programma Medio Oriente per ISPI ed esperta di Turchia) e con Bilgehan Öztürk (analista del think-tank filogovernativo SETA). Subito dopo abbiamo viaggiato in Sudan, dove oggi è scattato un golpe militare: ne abbiamo parlato con Nazar Yousef (portavoce nel Regno Unito del Sudan People's Liberation Movement North). E infine siamo andati in Colombia, dove sabato è stato arrestato Dario Antonio Ùsuga, capo del Clan del Golfo e narcotrafficante più ricercato del paese.

The UN panel of experts on Human Rights in South Sudan says that political elites are responsible for the ongoing deadly conflict in Tambura County in Western Equatoria State.The UN experts say nine of the 10 states in South Sudan are engulfed in violence with recent violence between the Azande and the Balanda communities in Tambura resulting in the massacre of more than 100 civilians.Chair of the UN Commission on Human Rights in South Sudan, Yasmin Sooka says the South Sudan People's Defence Forces and the Sudan People's Liberation Army/In Opposition are responsible for arming the Azande and Balanda communities. The South African human rights lawyer said the failure to establish a joint army command structure had heightened tensions in the country.

The UN panel of experts on Human Rights in South Sudan says that political elites are responsible for the ongoing deadly conflict in Tambura County in Western Equatoria State.The UN experts say nine of the 10 states in South Sudan are engulfed in violence with recent violence between the Azande and the Balanda communities in Tambura resulting in the massacre of more than 100 civilians.Chair of the UN Commission on Human Rights in South Sudan, Yasmin Sooka says the South Sudan People's Defence Forces and the Sudan People's Liberation Army/In Opposition are responsible for arming the Azande and Balanda communities. The South African human rights lawyer said the failure to establish a joint army command structure had heightened tensions in the country.

The UN panel of experts on Human Rights in South Sudan says that political elites are responsible for the ongoing deadly conflict in Tambura County in Western Equatoria State.The UN experts say nine of the 10 states in South Sudan are engulfed in violence with recent violence between the Azande and the Balanda communities in Tambura resulting in the massacre of more than 100 civilians.Chair of the UN Commission on Human Rights in South Sudan, Yasmin Sooka says the South Sudan People's Defence Forces and the Sudan People's Liberation Army/In Opposition are responsible for arming the Azande and Balanda communities. The South African human rights lawyer said the failure to establish a joint army command structure had heightened tensions in the country.

Listen to the Sun. Aug. 8, 2021 special edition of the Pan-African Journal: Worldwide Radio Broadcast hosted by Abayomi Azikiwe, editor of the Pan-African News Wire. The program features our PANW report with dispatches on the statement issued by the Ethiopian Foreign Ministry on the necessity of preserving historical sites amid clashes with rebel forces in the north of the country; Ivory Coast officials say they have arrested dozens in connection with recent election violence; there has been a split in the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army in Opposition; and South Africa has marked a grim 500 days since the lockdown due to the pandemic. In the second and third hours we continue our focus on Black August with a historical review of the Black Seminole Wars against the United States government during the 19th century. Finally, we examine the resistance historiography with an archived interview with Dr. Herbert Aptheker.

The leader of the South Sudan National Movement for Change rejoins the ruling Sudan People's Liberation Movement under President Salva Kiir; Sudan's transitional government reiterates its support for the implementation of the revitalized peace agreement in neighboring South Sudan; and students demand the reopening of John Garang Memorial University.

South Sudan’s President Salva Kiir has reconstituted the national parliament after dissolving it on Saturday, to pave way for the appointment of new MPs.The names of the appointed MPs were announced on the national broadcaster, South Sudan Broadcasting Corporation.The expanded parliament now includes legislators from the former rebel group, the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement in Opposition (SPLM-IO) which is led by First Vice-President Riek Machar and other political parties.The Transitional National Legislative Assembly which was expanded on Monday from 400 to 550 MPs, consists of 332 lawmakers from President Kiir’s Sudan People’s Liberation Movement and 128 from Mr Machar's SPLM-IO.

Sudan's government has signed an agreement for peace talks with leaders of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N). Plus Mozambique acknowledges that dozens were killed when militants attacked the north-eastern coastal town of Palma. And African governments are urged to do more to protect the rights and well-being of their elderly populations.

Peace talks remain stalled between the transitional government in Sudan and a faction of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement; a South Sudanese general denies he committed human rights violations in Central Equatoria State; and South Sudan's task force on COVID-19 considers closing down some private laboratories following complaints of irregular test results.

Fatboy and Olive discuss how Sudan People's Liberation Movement's mandatory act of women taking up 40% of leadership, places them at the forefront of human progress.

The Vice-President of South Sudan, Riek Machar, has been accused of leadership failure by a top official of his Sudan People’s Liberation Movement in Opposition party.--- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/newscast-africa/support

In this edition of Straight Talk Africa hosts Shaka Shali discusses South Sudan's new unity government and if this is a first step for stability and peace for the country. He is joined by Angong Dhol Acuil, Counselor at the Embassy of South Sudan, Reath Muoch Tang, Deputy Chair, National Committee of Youth and Culture and Sports  of Sudan People's Liberation Movement-in-Opposition ( SPLM-IO),  John Tanza, Host and Managing Editor of VOA's  South Sudan in Focus  and Angelina Teny, Chairwoman of the Strategic Defence and Security Board (SDSRB) of South Sudan.   

Sudan is on the verge of a new revolution, as protesters angry at President Bashir's 30-year rule, demand change. At least 51 people have been killed since 19 December when anti-government demonstrations began, according to rights groups. Opposition parties have urged the international community to investigate the killings. "Business as usual is not possible," says Yasir Arman, deputy head of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement North (SPLM-N). Arman is leading a coalition of opposition parties called the Sudan Call alliance, that have joined doctors, lawyers, teachers and students in calling for President Omar al-Bashir to step down. "We want the international community to support the basic demands of the Sudanese people," he told RFI, following meetings with British and French envoys to Sudan and South Sudan on Wednesday and Thursday. Arman is hoping to raise Sudan's two-month old crisis at an upcoming meeting of the Human Rights Council on 25 February. "We need an international investigation into the killings," he comments. Officials say 30 people have died in the violence that was triggered on 19 December by a government decision to triple the price of bread. Rights groups put that figure to at least 51. Hopes for third revolution "We need them [the international community] to put pressure on Bashir to stop the killing. We need them to recognize the need for change in Sudan, and the right of Sudanese people to democracy and a peaceful transfer of power," he said. Al-Bashir, who seized power in a 1989 military coup, has ordered the use of force against protesters, accusing them of trying to emulate the Arab Spring. Sudan has had two successful revolutions so far. In 1964 and 1985, mass protests overthrew military dictatorships and installed civilian governments.  Could these latest demonstrations--the most sustained challenge to al-Bashir's three-decade old rule--lead to a third revolution? Opposition leader Arman says "there is no future in Sudan under Bashir." To listen to his full interview, click on the play button in the photo or below. .

Sudan is on the verge of a new revolution, as protesters angry at President Bashir's 30-year rule, demand change. At least 51 people have been killed since 19 December when anti-government demonstrations began, according to rights groups. Opposition parties have urged the international community to investigate the killings. "Business as usual is not possible," says Yasir Arman, deputy head of the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement North (SPLM-N). Arman is leading a coalition of opposition parties called the Sudan Call alliance, that have joined doctors, lawyers, teachers and students in calling for President Omar al-Bashir to step down. "We want the international community to support the basic demands of the Sudanese people," he told RFI, following meetings with British and French envoys to Sudan and South Sudan on Wednesday and Thursday. Arman is hoping to raise Sudan's two-month old crisis at an upcoming meeting of the Human Rights Council on 25 February. "We need an international investigation into the killings," he comments. Officials say 30 people have died in the violence that was triggered on 19 December by a government decision to triple the price of bread. Rights groups put that figure to at least 51. Hopes for third revolution "We need them [the international community] to put pressure on Bashir to stop the killing. We need them to recognize the need for change in Sudan, and the right of Sudanese people to democracy and a peaceful transfer of power," he said. Al-Bashir, who seized power in a 1989 military coup, has ordered the use of force against protesters, accusing them of trying to emulate the Arab Spring. Sudan has had two successful revolutions so far. In 1964 and 1985, mass protests overthrew military dictatorships and installed civilian governments.  Could these latest demonstrations--the most sustained challenge to al-Bashir's three-decade old rule--lead to a third revolution? Opposition leader Arman says "there is no future in Sudan under Bashir." To listen to his full interview, click on the play button in the photo or below. .

Did you know there is a timeline, map and other resources to help navigate this and other episodes on our website? Welcome to Episode 4 – Seeking Safety. In this episode we’ll hear of the brutal split within the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement, the SPLA, the second crucial event that took place in 1991 and one that continues its savage destruction in the present internal civil war in the new country of South Sudan. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

The Nuba Mountains are a remote region of northern Sudan, in South Kordofan. The Nuba are various Indigenous tribes who inhabit the region.   Abyei lies further to the south and was also part of South Kordofan. It is just north of the border with South Sudan. Abyei Area, rich in oil, is disputed territory between Sudan and South Sudan. I remember being in Nimule in 2007, listening to troop carriers in the night driving north to Abyei, when the Comprehensive Peace Agreement was allegedly in place.   Five women, Muslim and Christian, who arrived in Australia as refugees from these two areas talk to Jodie Heterick and I about their homeland. Jodie and I learn about the 99 mountains of Nuba, about building your home, scarification, dance, and war.   These are beautiful, strong women. From hiding in the rocks from aeroplanes dropping bombs on schools, to adapting to modern life in Khartoum where you must pay for things and are looked down on for your traditional practices, to building a new life in western Sydney, this is a fascinating insight into the tumult of seeking refuge.   Apologies, however, for the quality of the sound. With the number of children and number of languages* that the seven of us had between us, it is amazing that we got such a coherent conversation.   The Sudanese politicians referred to when the women are describing the topics of songs are: Omar Al-Bashir - the President of Sudan; Yousif Kuwa – the leader of Nuba; Salva Kirr – the President of South Sudan; John Garang – who led the Sudan People’s Liberation Army in the 2nd Sudanese Civil War, and then was the First Vice President of Sudan until his death in a helicopter crash in 2005. He is considered a hero in Sudan.   * I only had one of those languages. I am in awe of these women with their 3 or 4 languages. 

Yasir Arman is leading Sudan People’s Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N), a politico-military movement advocating for a just, democratic and secular Sudan. Arman joined SPLM in 1986 and has spent virtually his whole adult life fighting for a Sudan for all Sudanese irrespective of their ethnicity, race or religion. Some say it’s the most forgotten of all forgotten conflicts. Blue Nile and South Kordofan, the areas that were left out when South Sudan gained independence, are in their 6th year of civil war with the Sudanese regime in Khartoum. Every day, civilians are subjected to the government’s aerial bombardments, terrorizing the civilians and forcing hundreds of thousands to flee. The people are suffering severe hunger, and aid organizations are not allowed access by the Sudanese regime. The humanitarian situation in the areas of South Kordofan (Nuba Mountains), South Blue Nile and Darfur is as bad as in Syria, Iraq and South Sudan. Still, the conflict is often overseen by journalists, diplomats and the international community. The event was hosted by the Norwegian People's Aid- Norsk Folkehjelp, Støttegruppe for Sudan og Sør-Sudan (SFS), Fellesrådet for Afrika - Norwegian Council for Africa, the Oslo Center, and documentary film festival Human Rights Human Wrongs.

Zeinab Badawi speaks to, Angelina Teny, from the Sudan People's Liberation Movement in-Opposition. The people of South Sudan have known little peace for many decades and independence in 2011 has brought them nothing but war, increasing poverty, starvation and suffering. The UN says the current spate of fighting amounts to ethnic cleansing and could spiral into genocide. The main rebel group is headed by former Vice-President Riek Machar, who is now in exile. His wife Angelina Teny is a senior member of the movement. How much responsibility do they bear for the suffering?(Photo: Angelina Teny in the Hardtalk studio)

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