Podcasts about Surprise

Last time we spoke about the Japanese offensive at Changsha. In late September 1941, fighting in China had become a brutal struggle of endurance. Japanese forces kept pushing forward, but China—though battered by heavy losses—refused to yield. Help from abroad was slowly beginning to matter. American aid reached China through groups like the Red Cross, and volunteers later associated with the Flying Tigers offered crucial support to Chinese operations. Against this backdrop, Changsha in Hunan became the center of a dangerous autumn campaign. Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalist leadership treated the city as strategically vital, knowing that its fate could influence the wider course of the war. In the end, the resistance at Changsha showed China's key advantage: resilience. The city's defense helped slow the Japanese advance, break up momentum, and create uncertainty as the campaign continued.   #212 The Autumn Battle of Changsha, 1941 Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. In late September 1941, the war in China had already entered its fifth year. By then the conflict had lost whatever remained of novelty and had settled into something harsher and more exhausting: a long war of attrition fought across enormous distances, under conditions of chronic shortage, strategic uncertainty, and repeated local catastrophe. Japan still possessed formidable military strength. Its armies could strike hard, move fast, and exploit superior firepower, air support, and communications in individual campaigns. Yet the larger shape of the war had begun to change. China had not collapsed. The Nationalist government still stood. Chinese armies, however battered, still held the field. The line between survival and defeat remained dangerously thin, but it had not broken. This was the situation in which the autumn campaign in Hunan and Hubei unfolded.   The struggle around Changsha did not occur in isolation. It belonged to a wider military and political moment. In Europe, the war had already expanded into a continent-wide convulsion. Germany and the Soviet Union were locked in a massive struggle after the German invasion in June. Leningrad was under threat, Kiev had become the scene of disaster, and the approach of the battle for Moscow suggested that still greater bloodshed lay ahead. Stalin had pressed Churchill to open a second front in Europe and had been refused. The global balance of war was shifting, but not yet in any way that guaranteed relief to China.   In Asia, Japan continued to press forward. The pressure on China remained immense. Yet by mid-1941 China's position, though still precarious, no longer looked quite as desperate as it had in earlier years. International sympathy had grown. Material aid, however limited, was beginning to take more concrete form. In July, the American Red Cross sent China medical supplies worth millions of dollars. In August, more than a hundred retired American pilots and mechanics came together to aid China against Japan. The air unit they formed, later celebrated as the Flying Tigers, meant more than aircraft and personnel alone. It signaled that China's war was no longer quite so isolated. That change in atmosphere did not produce calm in Chongqing. It sharpened urgency.   For Chiang Kai-shek, the possibility that the international situation might slowly improve for China carried with it a hard implication: China had to endure long enough to benefit from it. That meant surviving not in abstract terms, but in particular places, against particular offensives, at moments when a local defeat might have consequences far beyond the immediate battlefield. In the autumn of 1941, one of those places was Changsha. Changsha had long occupied an outsized place in the military geography of the war. It stood as the capital of Hunan, a hinge between regions, and a vital position in the defense of central China. Its security affected the Xiang River basin, communications across the province, and the broader defensive posture shielding approaches toward the wartime capital. To lose it, even temporarily, would be more than a symbolic blow. It would threaten the larger balance of the front in south-central China and test whether Japanese offensives could still force dramatic strategic results.   At the same time, the battle for Changsha was not a simple contest between one Chinese army and one Japanese army facing each other across a fixed line. It was part of a larger operational struggle linking the Ninth War Zone with supporting actions from the Third, Fifth, and Sixth War Zones. It involved frontal resistance, hurried reinforcement, mobile defense, rear harassment, and the constant effort to turn Japanese momentum into Japanese overextension. Chinese commanders were trying not merely to survive a blow, but to absorb it, stretch it, and eventually strike back against an enemy whose speed could become a liability once supply lines lengthened and formations dispersed. This was the burden resting on the Military Commission in Chongqing.   There, while reports arrived in fragments and maps were revised hour by hour, Chiang Kai-shek spent long stretches in the operations room watching the situation in Hunan and Hubei develop. He had already ordered the various war zones to support the Ninth War Zone's operations, and now he followed the campaign with intense concentration. His attention moved repeatedly toward reports from the Sixth War Zone and Chen Cheng's counteroffensive toward Yichang, for Yichang was tied not only to local fighting in Hubei but also to the defense of the Yangtze approach and therefore to the security of Chongqing itself. In his mind, Hunan and Hubei had become the focal point of China's war effort in that season.   Meanwhile at the front, the situation was deteriorating fast. Japanese forces pressing into northern Hunan had already imposed severe strain on the Chinese defense. Blocking units had been battered back. Communications were uncertain. Some formations fought stubbornly but could not hold; others dissolved more quickly than hoped. The Japanese advance toward Changsha created exactly the kind of crisis Chinese commanders feared most: one in which the enemy moved with enough force and speed to threaten a major city before a coherent defensive response could be reassembled. Chinese units had to be thrown into action as they arrived, often after exhausting marches, often with incomplete knowledge of the situation, and often under immediate pressure from artillery, aircraft, and aggressive infantry assaults. Yet even at this dangerous stage, the campaign contained an opportunity as well as a threat.   The deeper Japanese units pushed into Hunan, the more exposed their rear became. Supply depots, transport lines, and communications stretched farther behind the spearhead. Chinese formations that had been driven aside were not always destroyed; some remained capable of reappearing to strike roads, depots, and isolated detachments. If Changsha represented the visible center of the struggle, the enemy rear represented its hidden vulnerability. The Chinese aim, therefore, was not simply to defend passively around the city. It was to combine stubborn resistance in front with harassment and disruption behind, so that Japanese advance would become increasingly difficult to sustain. The battle that followed unfolded under these pressures: a threatened city, a strained but unbroken defense, commanders forced to improvise under severe danger, and a wider international war that made every local decision feel heavier than the ground on which it was taken.   This subtle improvement in China's larger situation did not mean safety. China was still battered, under-resourced, and vulnerable. Japanese forces still possessed enormous advantages in mobility, firepower, and air power in many sectors. Large parts of the country remained occupied or threatened. Yet by mid-1941 something in the atmosphere had changed. In July, the American Red Cross sent China medical supplies worth millions of dollars. In August, more than a hundred retired American pilots and mechanics came together to aid China in its struggle against Japan. The air unit they formed would become famous under the name by which China knew them: the Flying Tigers. Their significance exceeded their immediate tactical value. They represented a visible sign that China was not entirely abandoned to isolation.   For Claire Chennault, romantic, aggressive, and optimistic by temperament, the new situation encouraged increasingly bold thoughts. For the first time he included in his planning the idea that Japanese home territory might one day be bombed from bases in China. Such schemes were ambitious and perhaps premature, but their very existence reveals an altered horizon of possibility. A country that imagines striking back is already psychologically in a different position from one concerned only with preventing collapse.     Yichang mattered directly to the fighting in Xiangbei, but it also mattered independently. It was tied to the security of the Yangtze approach and therefore to the defense of Chongqing. It belonged not only to the immediate problem of battlefield maneuver but to the larger question of whether China could do more than absorb Japanese offensives. Could Chinese forces exploit enemy overstretch? Could Japanese advances be turned into liabilities? Could local counterattacks and rear harassment generate effects greater than the raw size of the forces involved? By September 1941, these questions were no longer hypothetical. They were urgent. In Chiang's mind, Hunan and Hubei had become the focal point of China's war effort in that season.   The struggle around Changsha was central to that effort. From Chongqing, Chiang telegraphed Commander Xue Yue of the Ninth War Zone with instructions that made both the danger and the opportunity plain. The message emphasized that the enemy in northern Hunan, though still pressing hard, had already been bravely intercepted by Chinese units and was now exhausted, with lines of advance increasingly difficult to sustain. This, Chiang argued, created an excellent opportunity for Chinese forces to strike at the enemy's rear and seek annihilation rather than mere delay. He urged officers and soldiers alike to remain determined to destroy the enemy. Even if Japanese troops advanced to the vicinity of Changsha itself, Chinese forces were to renew their efforts, maintain their confidence in victory, and prevent the enemy from establishing a foothold.   The telegram also pointed to the broader operational picture. Japanese troops drawn from the sectors of the Fifth and Sixth War Zones had been committed to the invasion of northern Hunan, leaving their rear areas dangerously exposed. The Third, Fifth, and Sixth War Zones had launched supporting offensives on the twenty-third. Therefore, the Ninth War Zone had to strike resolutely and fiercely, preventing the Japanese from coordinating their forces and frustrating any attempt to occupy Changsha. The message was at once exhortation and operational logic. It reflected the core Chinese problem in the campaign: the Japanese thrust was dangerous and had to be blocked, but the very speed and depth of that thrust could also expose the attacker. Yet by the time Chiang sent his instructions, the danger around Changsha was already severe. After the 74th Army had been beaten back, there was no major Chinese force north of the city that could confidently block the Japanese advance in a straightforward, stable line. The Japanese 4th Division, together with the Hayabuchi Detachment, had defeated the 95th Division of the Chinese 37th Army and pushed toward Changsha. The prospect that the city might fall, at least temporarily, was no longer remote.   In response, Xia Chuzhong's 79th Army from the Sixth War Zone was ordered to move toward the city. Its vanguard was Wang Jiaben's 98th Division. That movement was a forced march in the literal sense. It was not a flourish of language but an admission of emergency. Troops were pushed beyond ordinary endurance because there was no time to gather strength under favorable conditions. Changsha could not wait for convenience, rest, or ideal concentration. Either reinforcements arrived in time to fight immediately, or they arrived too late to matter. Wang Jiaben was no stranger to battle. A veteran officer from the Yunnan Army, he had fought the Japanese repeatedly—more than twenty times since the outbreak of the War of Resistance. He belonged to that generation of commanders who had been shaped by the fragmented military politics of Republican China but whose careers were now being rewritten by the national emergency of the anti-Japanese war.   During the First Battle of Changsha, he had already distinguished himself. He led troops in a counterattack along the Tongcheng line in southern Hubei and intercepted retreating Japanese forces at Longmenchang and Changshoujie, killing more than a thousand enemy soldiers. He had experience, reputation, and a sense of what it meant to fight in the Changsha theater. This time he marched from Changde, driving his division forward with all possible speed. By noon on September 26 the 98th Division reached a position about two kilometers northeast of Changsha. There was scarcely time to settle the men. No careful preparation was possible. They had arrived because the city was in danger, and battle began almost at once. At dusk the division engaged the Hayabuchi Detachment.   The fighting continued until late in the night without decisive result. That in itself was costly enough. Troops who have just completed a punishing march are already close to the limits of their endurance. To be thrown immediately into combat magnifies every weakness: thirst, fatigue, confusion, and the difficulty of building fieldworks under pressure. What the soldiers of the 98th Division could do that night, they did with their hands and whatever tools they had. They scraped positions out of the earth. They assembled makeshift cover. Officers moved along the line trying to impose order on terrain that had become a battlefield almost as soon as it was occupied. At dawn on September 27 the Japanese intensified the pressure from the air.   More than twenty aircraft bombed the 98th Division's positions, tearing apart the earthworks that officers and soldiers had spent the night constructing. Bombing had a double effect. Physically, it damaged positions, wounded men, and disrupted preparations. Psychologically, it reminded defenders that they were being observed from above and struck by an enemy against whom they could often do little in the sky. Immediately after the bombing came a fierce infantry assault. Wang Jiaben and several other commanders went down to their respective regiments to supervise the fighting personally. This was dangerous, but under such circumstances commanders often believed that presence itself mattered. When fieldworks are collapsing, shell bursts are continuous, and communications are unreliable, authority must sometimes be carried by a body rather than a wire. The defenders held.   Again and again the Japanese attacked. Again and again they were repulsed only to reorganize and come on once more. Every minute the Chinese line remained in place was bought with blood. Fallen and wounded men were carried rearward in what seemed an endless stream. The cost of resistance accumulated visibly before the eyes of those still fighting. By noon even water could no longer be delivered to the front. That detail reveals the intensity of the battle more clearly than many grander statements could. A line that cannot be supplied even with water has reached a condition of severe strain. During brief pauses in the fighting, officers and soldiers pulled out dry rations and chewed them slowly, swallowing with difficulty while they waited for the next attack. Such moments are among the most characteristic in battle: not the long, smooth continuity imagined in peacetime rhetoric, but brief interludes of miserable necessity between explosions. At two in the afternoon the crisis deepened sharply.   A unit of the Japanese 4th Division worked its way behind the 98th Division's position and attacked from the rear. This was the kind of tactical development every defending commander dreads. A force can endure heavy frontal pressure if its line remains coherent and its rear reasonably secure. But when enemy troops appear behind a position, the entire structure of defense begins to dissolve. There, behind the line, were more than a hundred Chinese wounded awaiting evacuation. Japanese soldiers attacked them with bayonets. One of the wounded Chinese soldiers, already beyond ordinary capacity for resistance, rushed forward and detonated a grenade against a Japanese attacker. It was an act of desperation, but also of defiance. The episode captures something essential about the tone of the battle around Changsha. This was not a neat engagement between organized lines alone. It was a desperate collision in which even the badly wounded were drawn into last resistance. For Wang Jiaben, however, the tactical reality was impossible to deny. If he stayed where he was, the division might be annihilated. Personal courage could not alter encirclement. Resentfully, bitterly, and under the kind of pressure that leaves permanent scars on a commander's memory, he ordered retreat. When he led the survivors off the battlefield, fewer than half his men remained.   Reinforcements from another direction now entered the struggle. The Provisional 2nd Army of the Seventh War Zone dispatched the Provisional 8th Division under Zhang Junsong. At seven in the evening on September 27, Zhang's force arrived at Zuojiatang on the eastern outskirts of Changsha. Personnel of the Ninth War Zone waiting there reported grim news: a Japanese detachment had already entered the city that afternoon, and another detachment was only three kilometers away. The situation invited rashness. A commander arriving near a threatened city at dusk, with reports that the enemy is already inside, may feel compelled to hurl troops forward immediately in a gesture of resolution. Yet night fighting in an urban approach without adequate reconnaissance can turn courage into waste. Zhang Junsong considered the matter carefully. He concluded that to rush blindly into the city at night would likely produce confusion and heavy losses. Instead he first sought to strike the enemy outside the city. His troops deployed quietly and crept forward through the darkness, launching a probing attack. But they soon discovered that the Japanese were fully prepared and not vulnerable to easy surprise. The line could not be broken. With no prospect of success, the force withdrew.   The moment is revealing because it shows how narrow the margin had become. Chinese commanders were trying to recover initiative while still groping through uncertainty. Reports were incomplete, Japanese dispositions difficult to fix, and every hour dangerous. On the evening of September 28, the 79th Army's 6th Provisional Division occupied Yuelu Mountain west of Changsha. From that height officers and soldiers looked across the Xiang River toward the city. Changsha, for the first time, was in Japanese hands. The emotional force of that sight can only be imagined. Changsha had lived for years under threat. It had been defended, contested, prepared, and feared. The possibility of its loss had hovered over military planning and public consciousness alike. Now the danger had become fact. A city that had stood as an object of effort and anxiety was visibly occupied by the enemy. No single feeling could have governed the men who saw it. There must have been anger, shame, weariness, and dread—but also stubbornness. For in war a city seen in enemy hands is not always simply lost. Sometimes it is a summons.   Late that night Zhao Jiping, commander of the 6th Provisional Division, received a telegram from Xue Yue. He read it and then stood before the map for a long time. Days of anxiety began to lift. He was not alone in that reaction. Many Chinese generals involved in the campaign had felt that they were fighting a confused and chaotic battle. Japanese movements had been broad, rapid, and difficult to pin down. The Ninth War Zone had thrown numerous units into blocking actions, yet both well-regarded formations and weaker, improvised units had repeatedly failed to hold. After ten days of combat, Chinese losses were heavy. But Japanese forces too had been worn, stretched, and damaged. Only now, as the Japanese reached the apparent culmination of their advance, did the Ninth War Zone begin to recover rhythm. Chaos did not disappear, but it became more legible. The possibility of a more ordered counteroffensive emerged.   In the early hours of September 29, Zhao Jiping issued the order to force a crossing of the Xiang River and attack the enemy in Changsha. The preparations consumed the entire day. River crossings under combat conditions are among the most delicate operations in war. Boats must be assembled or found. Units must be organized into waves. Timing matters. Surprise matters. The location of landing points matters. The men themselves matter most of all, because they must sit exposed in fragile craft knowing that the real test will begin not in the middle of the river but at the far bank. Late that night the division crossed secretly by boat in six groups. The crossing itself went well enough. The river did not betray them. The groups made progress in darkness. Yet everyone involved understood that smooth movement on the water did not guarantee success. The crucial question was what waited at the landing points. It was expected that the troops going ashore at Daximen would be first to meet the Japanese. Once battle began there, the rest of the crossing accelerated.   Chinese soldiers landed, attacked fiercely, and drove the enemy back from the riverbank. The momentum of the assault mattered. In such moments hesitation on shore can doom an entire crossing, but aggression can seize a foothold before the defender fully stabilizes. By the time Chinese forces entered the city, dawn was breaking. Then came street fighting. Changsha had ceased to be an objective on a map. It became again what cities become in war: a place of corners, walls, alleys, debris, smoke, and sudden death. Fighting in a city strips away much of the abstraction through which campaigns are often remembered. Streets channel movement. Buildings become cover, obstacles, or traps. Distances shrink but danger multiplies. A few men behind masonry can delay many more. Noise magnifies confusion. The city itself seems to fragment into a hundred separate battlefields. For Changsha, the long season of anxious anticipation ended in direct flame.   Yet to understand the campaign only through the struggle at Changsha would be incomplete. While the city drew attention as the central prize, another set of operations was unfolding across Hunan and Hubei—less dramatic in appearance perhaps, but strategically significant. These were the actions of the 27th Army Group under Yang Sen. If the fighting around Changsha demonstrated the pressure of frontal battle, Yang Sen's operations illustrated another principle entirely: the stubborn, opportunistic use of weaker forces to harass, sting, and trouble a stronger enemy from behind. The 27th Army Group was composed largely of Sichuan troops. Their presence speaks to one of the larger political transformations of the war. Republican China had long been fractured by regional militarism. Armies had often owed stronger loyalty to commanders, provinces, or local power structures than to any unified national command. Yet the anti-Japanese war compelled a partial reordering of those loyalties. Many warlord forces, however imperfectly integrated, now turned their weapons outward under Nationalist command.   There were exceptions. Some men, like Han Fuqu, had preserved their own strength at the cost of military responsibility and lost both opportunity and honor in doing so. But in the main, especially among middle and lower-ranking officers and ordinary soldiers, the imperative of national survival overrode provincial identity. Men from distant regions marched and fought in terrains not their own because the war no longer permitted a narrow conception of interest. Yang Sen himself was an old warlord soldier, one of those figures formed in the fractured military world of earlier decades. By 1941 he was deputy commander of the Ninth War Zone and commander-in-chief of the 27th Army Group. Along the Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi border he had long been cautious in his operations.   At the beginning of the northern Hunan battle, his troops proved unable to withstand the force of the Japanese offensive and retreated in disorder into mountains and forests. That fact should not be softened. They were pushed back. But retreat did not mean disappearance. This is where Yang Sen's role became important. Once the main Japanese force had advanced far ahead, the troops that had scattered began to reemerge. They knew the terrain. They knew the roads, villages, passes, and wooded approaches. If they could not defeat the Japanese in a grand collision, they could search for openings behind the advancing columns.   On September 20, as the Japanese main force drove into the heart of northern Hunan, Yang Sen led elements of the 4th, 58th, and 20th Armies in pursuit for an entire day. The main body of the 4th Army had already been badly beaten at the Xinqiang River line, and only the 60th Division, recently transferred from the 37th Army, remained relatively intact. That single fact sharply defined the weakness of his means. He was not pursuing with fresh and powerful forces prepared for a decisive encounter. He was pursuing with fragments, survivors, and such units as still retained some offensive potential. But the Japanese, intent on rapid advance southward, paid too little attention to what followed behind them. That was the opening Yang Sen needed.   On the morning of September 21, the 60th Division acted on information supplied by an old beggar. Such details often sound almost literary, but they remind us that war in China was never fought by armies alone. Villagers, refugees, peddlers, guides, boatmen, and the destitute all participated in the circulation of military knowledge. A beggar could see what a reconnaissance officer had missed. On the basis of that tip, the 60th Division launched a surprise attack on the supply depot of the Japanese 40th Division at Zhangjiayuan. Division Commander Dong Yu led the action.   The Chinese quickly overwhelmed the more than three hundred Japanese troops guarding the depot. Once they broke in, they discovered an astonishing quantity of matériel: shell boxes, ammunition, food, medicine, gasoline, explosives, protective clothing, telephone wire, body bags, stretchers, and more, all stacked beneath heavy canvas. For men accustomed to scarcity, it must have seemed almost unreal. Dong Yu, delighted, is remembered as exclaiming to his deputy commander, "It's practically a department store!" The line has a momentary comic brightness in the middle of war, and that is part of why it survives. But its deeper significance lies in what it reveals. A modern army advancing deep into hostile territory is sustained by accumulation—ammunition, fuel, wire, medicines, rations, transport materials. To seize such a depot is not merely to take objects. It is to grasp the hidden skeleton of movement. Dong Yu then issued a one-word order: "Move."   At once the whole division became a swarm of carriers. Officers and soldiers grabbed whatever they could and began hauling the captured supplies away. The scene must have been one of extraordinary improvised energy—riflemen transformed into laborers, war reduced for a moment to the brute physical act of lifting, dragging, and carrying. They moved like ants dismantling a storehouse. But there was too much to remove and too little time. Before even two regiments had completed the work, the Japanese returned in force. Enraged, they sent more than a dozen aircraft to bomb the troops carrying off the captured crates, while over a thousand infantrymen rushed in on the ground. Dong Yu immediately ordered the men to abandon what remained and destroy it. Amid deafening explosions, the 60th Division withdrew from Zhangjiayuan. The Japanese pursued hard, driving them back into the mountains before finally stopping. Measured purely in terms of territorial occupation, the action changed little. The Chinese did not hold the depot. They were forced back again. But judged in operational terms, the raid mattered. Supplies had been captured, destroyed, or disrupted. Japanese rear security had been embarrassed. Time and energy had been consumed in response. In a campaign where the Japanese were racing south and depending increasingly on stretched lines, such harassment was not trivial.   After September 23, Yang Sen expanded these efforts. He sent whole divisions to harass the Japanese rear while also dispatching battalions and companies to ambush supply columns and disrupt transport lines. This was not the kind of warfare that produces neat dramatic maps in conventional military histories. The actions were scattered, local, opportunistic, and often inconclusive. Yet precisely for that reason they can be misunderstood. Not every useful military action ends in the destruction of an enemy division. Sometimes its value lies in forcing a stronger opponent to spend attention where he had hoped to spend only momentum. These operations were costly and uncertain. Small Chinese units striking roads and depots risked encirclement or aerial punishment. Yet they possessed one advantage: they did not need to win a grand battle to matter. They needed only to make movement harder, supply more precarious, and the rear less secure.   On September 25, even after the 26th and 37th Armies had suffered defeat elsewhere, Yang Sen gathered the troops that still retained some offensive capacity and launched another attack. In these actions, the 90th Division captured Wukou; the 59th Division reached the north bank of the Miluo River; the 60th Division advanced to Donggang; and elements of the 58th Army controlled the Yuanba–Zheyangqiao highway line by the twenty-sixth. These gains were not the dramatic centerpiece of the campaign. But they formed part of the cumulative pressure on Japanese operations. Every road contested from the rear, every convoy threatened, every depot exposed, and every forced diversion of troops weakened the enemy's ability to convert tactical advance into stable success.   The battlefield was fluid enough that Yang Sen's headquarters itself had to keep moving—from the Miluo River northward to Pingjiang. Mobile headquarters in such conditions lived under constant uncertainty. Reports arrived late or contradictory. Rumors outran facts. The front could bend in unpredictable ways. A command post that seemed safely behind the line in the morning might by afternoon lie only a few kilometers from enemy forces. Years later Mao Jiuyin, who had then served as an operations staff officer under Yang Sen, recalled the old commander's outward behavior in those dangerous days. Yang Sen, Mao remembered, was always joking with the people around him and could still laugh and talk during battle. On one occasion he even joked with his bodyguard about putting chili oil in his tea. To younger staff officers, such behavior appeared almost absurd.   Yet they knew how dangerous their situation often was. Sometimes they were only a few kilometers from the main Japanese forces. There is more than anecdote in this memory. Old commanders often cultivated a style of ease under danger not because they felt no fear, but because they believed visible calm itself was part of command. Men take emotional bearings from those above them. A commander who panics spreads panic faster than any enemy breakthrough. Yang Sen was sixty years old during the Second Battle of Changsha, and he liked to remark that he was five years older than Chiang Kai-shek. Age had not removed him from the front. His function in the campaign was not to shatter the enemy in one decisive frontal blow. It was to persist, reappear, sting, and remain troublesome. The 27th Army Group followed the Japanese nearly all the way to the outskirts of Changsha.   They did not fight many large set-piece engagements. That was never their main value. But the Japanese could not ignore them. If Japanese units turned and tried to hit them directly, they tended to dissolve into the landscape. If the Japanese pushed on and ignored them, they reappeared to sabotage roads, hit supply lines, and create alarms in the rear. Even Japanese official histories later described them memorably. They called them "like a swarm of annoying flies." The phrase was meant as contempt. But as so often happens in war, an insult became an accurate description of effect. If these Chinese troops could not be tigers in formal battle, they could still become intolerable as flies. And under certain conditions—fatigue, heat, uncertainty, stretched supply, shaken morale—flies can become more oppressive than an enemy would like to admit.   When later generations look back on campaigns, they often search for a single explanatory image. But the fighting of September 1941 resists reduction to one symbol alone. What gives the campaign its force in memory is not one isolated episode, but the convergence of several pressures at once: a city under threat, a command trying to coordinate multiple fronts, exhausted reinforcements thrown directly into battle, Japanese forces advancing quickly but becoming increasingly vulnerable the farther they pushed, and Chinese troops in the rear refusing to disappear after defeat. Seen from Chongqing, the campaign was a matter of telegrams, maps, and the management of strategic risk. Seen from the front, it was a matter of thirst, mud, broken fieldworks, sudden bombing, exhausted marching, and the uncertainty of whether the next order meant reinforcement, retreat, or death. Seen from the Japanese side, it was initially an aggressive advance toward an important objective, but one increasingly troubled by stretched supply, difficult terrain, and the persistent reappearance of Chinese forces behind the line of movement.   At the same time, the campaign reveals a Chinese war effort that had become more resilient than in the earliest years of the conflict. The Japanese advance toward Changsha was dangerous and at moments appeared close to success. Chinese blocking forces suffered severe defeats. Units arrived exhausted and were hurled into action at once. Commanders lost men at devastating rates. Changsha itself briefly fell into enemy hands. And yet the city was not simply surrendered as an accomplished fact. Chinese forces regrouped. Orders were coordinated across war zones. Reinforcements marched at desperate speed. Counterattacks were mounted. Forces west of the Xiang prepared and crossed back into the city. Elsewhere, troops under Yang Sen gnawed at the Japanese rear and made advance more costly than a map of front lines alone might suggest. This combination of desperate frontal resistance and incessant rear harassment was one of the characteristic strengths of China's resistance in this stage of the war. China could not always match Japanese power in one concentrated blow. But it could absorb, delay, fragment, and trouble that power across space and time. That is why the struggle around Changsha in late September 1941 deserves to be remembered not merely as a sequence of engagements, but as a layered event in which tactical battle, morale, logistics, political endurance, and international context all converged.   I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. In late September 1941, Japan pushed deeper into China, but Chinese forces—supported gradually by international help—kept resisting. Changsha in Hunan became the central point of the conflict, seen as vital to strategic control in south-central China. Meanwhile, elsewhere in Hunan and Hubei, Yang Sen's 27th Army Group—often using smaller, opportunistic actions—reappeared behind Japanese lines to disrupt depots and convoys. Even when Chinese gains were temporary, the cumulative pressure delayed Japanese momentum.       

38 Special. What about LOLz? Is the lede the Doggies winning or the Cardinals death spiral? Middle school social hour. The bottle rocket effect of prospects. Sex, porn, wealth, and elderly abuse. Jackson's got some colors going on today. Sometimes some lakes smell. Surprise guest in studio at 9:00.Billy Gilman's perspective is what we all need. Mayor Cara Spencer is the guest that will joins us and apparently it wasn't much of a surprise. You can't lose Arbor Day. WNBA is a Takesmith's Paradise. A secondary lede. Papers says the Portland situation is something to monitor. Make STL the only city with NBA, NHL, and MLB but no NFL. Doug wants to invent an air conditioned hat. Public flogging. IT WAS THE POWER, NOT THE A.C.!!!Swimmin' by the dock. That's alright, that's ok, you'll work for us someday. Phone lines are lighting up, let's start with Sanford. Sanford has some power advice for Jackson. Let's go with John Rice next. He's a trouble maker so look out. John wants to know if we'll get anything for Dustin May. Audio of John Denton talking about the idea of the Cardinals shopping Masyn Winn for a pitcher. Bad news on the turkey burger front at Busch. Bucket O Donuts.Joined by voice of the Blues, Chris Kerber. With Jordan Kyrou gone, it's now Robert Thomas's team. What he is expecting out of Thomas this season. No real surprise moves this offseason. The Binnington/Hofer goaltending situation. Who goes into the season as the number one? Goaltending is the strength of the team. Jeremy Rutherford's article in The Athletic on the Blues all time Blues villain. Debating the villains over the years.The insecure narcissist. Some are saying Jackson is in line to be the St. Louis Trailblazers play-by-play guy. Who would Jackson want as his color guy? The Sinkhole City. Friend of the show, Joe Buck elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame with the Ford C. Frick Award. Audio from Joe's speech. Pujols the next Cardinal to get in. Will he be unanimous?Mayor Cara Spencer joins us in studio. The Rams settlement money. Revitalizing north city and downtown. Trying to bring people back to downtown. Could St. Louis experience a renaissance like Detroit? Trying to fight the reputation of downtown being unsafe. The perception that Mayor Spence isn't "pro-sports." NBA in St. Louis? The airport. What has been most surprising during her time as Mayor?Breaking down Mayor Spencer's comments. Come home, Ja. Family names on the Stanley Cup. Just don't see a world where the Trailblazers don't end up here. Detroit, Flint, and St. Louis.Go, Johnny Go. Back 2 The Future. Jackson doesn't want B2TF to be remade and mess with the charm. Which films should be remade? Audio of Ahmad Hardy talking about being excited to get back from his injury. The North End Zone is looking good. Gonna be carnage in the SEC this year with the nine game conference schedule.Avatar. EMOTD.James Carlton in studio and he's fired up about the Trailblazers coming to St. Louis. The early FFF's in Webster Groves. Looking at the 2026 SEC football landscape. Should we base things off of the NCAA Football game. Chairman created TMA University and they're in the Natty tonight against Virginia. It's not playing well. Chairman doesn't need this on the day of the Natty.Primal Fear. Chairman is getting the TMAU hype video up on the TMA Instagram.Virginia vs. TMAU tonight at 8PM. The winner of the EMOTD is....See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

(00:00-18:30) 38 Special. What about LOLz? Is the lede the Doggies winning or the Cardinals death spiral? Middle school social hour. The bottle rocket effect of prospects. Sex, porn, wealth, and elderly abuse. Jackson's got some colors going on today. Sometimes some lakes smell. Surprise guest in studio at 9:00.(18:38-45:22) Billy Gilman's perspective is what we all need. Mayor Cara Spencer is the guest that will joins us and apparently it wasn't much of a surprise. You can't lose Arbor Day. WNBA is a Takesmith's Paradise. A secondary lede. Papers says the Portland situation is something to monitor. Make STL the only city with NBA, NHL, and MLB but no NFL. Doug wants to invent an air conditioned hat. Public flogging. IT WAS THE POWER, NOT THE A.C.!!!(45:32-1:09:50) Swimmin' by the dock. That's alright, that's ok, you'll work for us someday. Phone lines are lighting up, let's start with Sanford. Sanford has some power advice for Jackson. Let's go with John Rice next. He's a trouble maker so look out. John wants to know if we'll get anything for Dustin May. Audio of John Denton talking about the idea of the Cardinals shopping Masyn Winn for a pitcher. Bad news on the turkey burger front at Busch. Bucket O Donuts.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Happy National New Jersey Day and apologizing for "winging it" while living in temporary shore chaos with random neighborhood kids wandering into the house. We recap a wild week that included breathing in Canadian wildfire smoke and surviving an unannounced flash hurricane that flooded the streets, floated shoes and bikes, and washed un-secured drywall from the controversial LBI mega house directly into the bay. The beach badge checkers are also out in full force, prompting Erin to sprint into the ocean in street clothes to evade them for 45 minutes before discovering the rules changed to require badges even for surfers. Another event of the week, however, was Dan's three hour sailboat rescue where he had to jump into the stormy bay to tie a bowline knot and fix his broken Sunfish boat while saving a beginner sailor who blew downwind. We also file a formal complaint about Dan asking Erin to fetch ambiguous tools from his five different toolboxes, recount a neighbor dropping off sourdough bread wrapped in twine mid-recording, and recap the chaos of police and fire showing up for an alarm while the homeowner's daughter was 30 seconds away from singing opera in Prague. In sports and pop culture, we discuss the "5K Guy" who faced internet backlash for running a 5K in his World Cup seat before clarifying he was safely in a brand sponsored section. Erin also drops a massive announcement about scoring an Apple TV brand invite to the Ted Lasso Season 4 premiere and a courtside WNBA game in LA. We introduce a new sport called "Cycle Ball"—aggressive indoor soccer played on bicycles—and react to a Red Bull stunt featuring a stuntwoman jumping from an extreme height into a pile of hay. We also debate a viral video of an elite runner mom waving off her clueless husband and kids when they ran onto the course 15 feet before the finish line, and we hype up the Philadelphia Parallel Parking Championship featuring an "under duress" category. Finally, we vent our frustrations over a gut health company stealing Erin's video about bloating and adding a creepy, glitchy AI spokesperson to sell their product. After reading through a list of hilarious blue collar insults, we share an update on the Cyclospora parasite outbreak. We wrap up with "No Bad, No Sad," celebrating an elite Uber driver named Rob with over 14,000 rides who ended up eating drive thru food, playing board games, and chilling in a jacuzzi with his passengers.

Surprise guest on the podcast today!! Bree Tomasel & Clint Roberts on ZM - find us @breeandclint on Instagram, Facebook and TikTok.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This commercial airline pilot has a second career leaves passengers smiling after they land. Happy hour at one assisted living facility was on the rocks until this octogenarian stepped in. As CNN Heroes celebrates 20 years, we revisit a 2012 Hero who turned sports into a path to recovery. The winners of the “world coolest marathon” share what it takes to run at the top of the globe. Plus, one psychologist explains why making fewer decisions might lead to a happier life.  Host/Producer: Krista Bo Polanco  Producer: Eryn Mathewson, Leying Tang   Senior Producer: Felicia Patinkin  Editorial Support: Jackson Loo, Christie O'Reilly, James Mazzullo Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Justin and Shaun welcome Jerry Foley of Giant Insider onto the show to talk Giants training camp. Follow Jerry Foley here:https://x.com/GiantInsider?s=20https://www.youtube.com/@thegiantinsiderhttps://open.spotify.com/show/2DoVicaxtzfrjqcrSWaDo2?si=bfbd3cda8ce1425dhttps://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-giant-insider-podcast/id1437955197 Download the Fanatics Sportsbook app , use code JOMBOY https://fanatics.onelink.me/5kut/JOMBOY New customers who sign up and Bet $5, Get $100 in FanCash*. Use FanCash on bonus bets, profit boosts, team gear and more on Fanatics.com.  Our listeners can buy one pair of glasses and get 20% off any additional pairs at WarbyParker.com/GIANTS — and using our link helps support the show. #WarbyParker #ad 0:00 Jerry Foley of Giant Insider Previews Giants Training Camp 06:05 Jerry Foley Joins the show! 06:50 Harbaugh makes the team professional  10:30 Issue with Skattebo's backflip? 13:10 Players to watch at training camp 15:50 Building the OL 18:30 Isaiah Likely's impact on this offense 21:30 Key positional battles at Training camp 28:30 Expecting 10+ sacks for Carter in Year 2 30:00 Kayvon Thibodeaux becoming a leader on this team 34:30 What's the identity of the offense 37:50 Surprise cut at training camp 42:10 Season predictions 46:00 Fivo,  5 storylines I'm already tired of 49:40 Evolution of Jaxson Darts game 55:00 Ready for the season Check out our Merch: https://shop.jomboymedia.com/collections/talkin-giants Subscribe to JM Football for our NFL coverage: https://www.youtube.com/@JMFootball Follow all of our content on https://jomboymedia.com #giants #nygiants  *New customers in AZ, CO, CT, DC, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, MI, MO, NC, NJ, NY, OH, PA, TN, VA, VT, WV, or WY. Must toggle on this promotion in your bet slip and wager $5+ cash on any market (min. odds -500) within 7 days of account opening to receive $100 in FanCash. Promotional FanCash expires 7 days from issuance (at 11:59pm ET). Terms, including FanCash terms apply-see Fanatics Sportsbook app. Use FanCash on bonus bets, profit boosts, team gear on Fanatics.com and so much more. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

You know you're supposed to honor your parents. You just don't know what that actually looks like when the relationship is complicated. You've heard "cut them off" and "protect your peace" so often it starts to feel like the only option. This episode is a conversation with author Isabel Tom that gives you a different way to think about your kids, your parents, and the generation that came before you, boundaries and all. In this episode: Understand why closeness with grandparents shapes a child's faith, resilience, and empathy Learn how to honor difficult or distant family members without losing your boundaries Walk away with simple, practical ways to help your kids connect with grandparents, even from far away Finally see why slowing down for the older generation might be exactly what your own soul needs Resources mentioned: Isabel Tom, author of The Value of Wrinkles: A Young Perspective on How Loving the Old Will Change Your Life Isabel's Grandkid Investigator Kit, at valueofwrinkles.com/gkifam, with a free mission at valueofwrinkles.com/freemission Take Back Your Family by Jefferson Bethke Isabel on Instagram: @isabelctom Love, Brittany Ready to go deeper? Here's where to start: The Unstuck Workshop — $37 and self-paced. If you want to finally understand why you keep feeling stuck and walk away with a tool to actually change it, this is your first step.  Made Whole Academy — The full 10-week journey. Real tools, real community, and lasting change. Applications are open.  Free Quiz: What's Actually Keeping You Stuck? — Not sure where to start? Take the quiz and find out.  Find everything else at madewholepath.com and come say hi on Instagram at @madewholepath. If this episode helped you, share it with a friend who needs it. That's how women like us find each other.

After months (years?) of speculation, 5-star running back David Gabriel Georges will announce his decision today. Most insiders feel that Tennessee will be his choice, but could DGG pull a surprise announcement and select Ohio State?Also, The Athletic did its yearly college football quarterback rankings, and OSU's Julian Sayin came in at No. 5. Does that sound about right? Who were the four QBs ranked ahead of him? Where did the other Big Ten quarterbacks land on the list?Dave Biddle and Matt Baxendell discuss that and much more on the Wednesday 5ish.

Say Something Nice about someone or something good going on in your life - Click the little mic on the iHeartRadio App and send us a talkback message - Podcast Sponsored By Our Friends at C. Harper Auto GroupSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

(SPOILER) Your Daily Roundup covers Devens game play all over the board on Big Brother, more on Taylor Frankie Paul and yesterday's reaction, plus DWTS: The Next Pro with a surprise last night (at least to me). Music written by Jimmer Podrasky (B'Jingo Songs/Machia Music/Bug Music BMI)Ads:Factor Meals - 50% off your first box PLUS free daily greens per box at https://factormeals.com/realitysteve50off Promo Code: realitysteve50offSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Surprise... we're expecting baby number four! In this personal update episode of The Well Nourished Mama Podcast, I'm sharing the story behind my (somewhat) unexpected pregnancy announcement, the complicated emotions that came with seeing a positive pregnancy test in this season, and why I believe it's time we normalize the full spectrum of emotions that can accompany pregnancy — not just excitement and joy. As a mom of soon-to-be four children, while managing Hashimoto's, running a business, and navigating a busy season of life, I'm opening up about the expectations I had for my health before becoming pregnant again, why the timing felt especially difficult, and how I've worked through feelings of grief, frustration, guilt, and ultimately acceptance. I'm also sharing the practical changes I'm making to support my body during this pregnancy — from nutrition and blood sugar support to circadian rhythm, mineral replenishment, symptom management, and learning to ask for help. Whether you're trying to conceive with an autoimmune condition, currently pregnant, or simply navigating a season that looks different than you planned, this episode is an honest reminder that your feelings are valid, your body deserves support, and motherhood doesn't require perfection.   Click HERE to access the show notes for this episode and get direct links to any of the resources or other podcast episodes I mentioned in this show. 

Thinking about having a baby in Denmark? Whether you're expecting, planning ahead, or just curious about how Danish healthcare works, this episode is packed with first-hand experience.Derek and Brooke are joined once again by Ilana Buhl, who shares what it was really like to go through pregnancy, give birth, and recover as an international in Denmark. We compare the Danish and American systems, talk about prenatal care, labor, postpartum support, maternity leave, and the little cultural surprises that no one warns you about.In this episode we discuss:Why Denmark has far fewer prenatal appointments than the U.S.The surprising differences in ultrasounds and pregnancy testingGiving birth in English at a Danish hospitalEpidurals, laughing gas, and birth plansGoing home with your newborn (much sooner than many Americans expect)The home nurse who visits after birthDenmark's generous parental leave and why it changes everythingIf you've ever wondered what it's actually like to have a baby in Denmark as a foreigner, this episode is for you.

Dans la région viticole du Wachau, la famille découvre les ruines du château où Richard Cœur de Lion fut emprisonné, puis une abbaye qui cache une surprise inattendue. Nuit dans une taverne à vin au milieu des vignes, puis étape improvisée dans une chambre d'étudiant à Krems. Direction Tulln pour une baignade méritée avant d'attaquer Vienne.Pour écouter l'épisode en entier300 km à vélo le long du Danube : le voyage en famille de Clémence-----------Si l'épisode vous a plu, laissez-moi une note 5 ⭐️ou un commentaire sur Apple Podcasts ou Spotify

Annie Jacobsen is a Pulitzer Prize finalist, investigative journalist, and bestselling author known for her in-depth reporting on national security, intelligence, military history, and classified government programs. She is the author of several acclaimed books, including Nuclear War: A Scenario, Area 51, Operation Paperclip, The Pentagon's Brain, and Surprise, Kill, Vanish. Drawing on extensive interviews with military leaders, intelligence officials, scientists, and policymakers, her work explores some of the most secretive aspects of the U.S. government, from Cold War programs and covert operations to modern nuclear strategy and emerging global threats. Shawn Ryan Show Sponsors: Ready to upgrade your eyewear? Check them out at https://roka.com and use code SRS for 20% off sitewide. Get 10% off at https://tecovas.com/SRS when you sign up for email and texts. See site for details. Get 30% off your first subscription order at https://armra.com/srs or enter code SRS at checkout. Go to https://helixsleep.com/SRS for 27% off sitewide, exclusive for listeners of the Shawn Ryan Show. Visit https://drinkag1.com/SRS to get a free AG1 Travel Case with 7 free AG1 Travel Packs in your Welcome Kit with your first AG1 subscription order while supplies last. Go to https://meetfabric.com/SHAWN and apply today, risk-free. Annie Jacobsen Links: Purchase Biological War - https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/783250/biological-war-by-annie-jacobsen Website - https://www.anniejacobsen.com X - https://x.com/AnnieJacobsen Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/anniejacobsenbooks Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/AnnieJacobsenAuthor Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Prince Harry and Meghan Markle's royal reunion with King Charles and Queen Camilla was historic—but insiders say it was far from warm. Meanwhile, guests at Taylor Swift and Travis Kelce's wedding were stunned when Adam Sandler stepped in to officiate the ceremony. And Andy Cohen has taken his romance with Kevin Sobieski public, making their relationship Instagram official. Rob’s latest exclusives and insider reporting can be found at robshuter.substack.com My novel, It Started With A Whisper, is available now See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The guys review the Arturo Fuente Casa Cuba Divine Inspiration, the final cigar blend created by Carlos Fuente Sr. Does its combination of white pepper, wood, leather and unexpected nuttiness earn it a permanent place in the humidor? They pair it with Maker's Mark Made for the Brave Cask Strength bourbon, a 110.5-proof bottle supporting Project One Vet at a Time. Plus, Snickers Cake Bites wildly exceed expectations, a parasite causes some very unpleasant digestive problems, Tony questions whether you can make real barbecue without a grill, and Fingers reveals the little white lies bartenders tell when the bar gets slammed. Also: homemade pastrami, permanent daylight saving time, China's attempt to ban AI romantic chatbots—and perhaps the finest explosive-diarrhea callback in podcasting history. Find everything at [EatDrinkSmokeShow.com](EatDrinkSmokeShow.com)

(0:00) The guys react to Tom Brady selling his soul with a pathetic overall performance this weekend(8:35) The guys continue talking about Tom Brady and are joined by a surprise guest (25:36) Mia defends herself about Mia MondaySee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Surprise! Tickets are now on sale for Avengers: Doomsday, and the first trailer is finally here. Come hang out as we break down the Avengers: Doomsday trailer and theorize about what's to come in the film.(00:00:00) Intro(00:04:00) Avengers: Doomsday Trailer Breakdown(00:07:00) Dr Doom's Role(00:13:00) Who is Missing?(00:19:00) Wakanda in Doomsday(00:22:00) Battleworld?(00:25:00) X-Men are BACK!(00:29:00) Loki the Beyonder?(00:34:00) Will Wanda Maximoff return?(00:40:00) Jonathan Hickman's Secret Wars(00:50:00) Avengers: Doomsday Theories(00:56:00) SDCC PredictionsCheck out https://www.agentsoffandom.com for the latest TV and Movie reviews!

Support the show: http://www.newcountry963.com/hawkeyeinthemorningSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

You thought Mississippi was all sweet tea and country roads? Surprise—there's a giant ancient sea monster chilling in the dirt!

Surprise! It turns out Maria has turned 40 this year, she really should have mentioned it sooner! Happy Birthday Roro!Get in touch with Nat, buy tickets for upcoming live shows and link to Patreon, all the family's Instagrams, and more: ⁠lifewithnatpod.komi.io⁠ Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

As an ascension guide, I often get asked if ascension symptoms will ever stop. In this episode, I explain what's really happening energetically within your body as your consciousness expands, and if it ever gets easier.

Justin Bieber Biography Flash a weekly Biography. Justin Bieber is in one of the biggest spotlight moments of his entire career right now, as global media focuses on his high‑profile return to stadium‑scale performance and the continuing evolution of his business and personal brand. According to The Sun, Bieber shocked fans at Fanatics Fest in New Jersey with a shirtless, unannounced performance, just one day before he is set to deliver an 11‑minute World Cup final halftime spectacle, a show described as a centerpiece of the tournament's closing festivities. The Sun reports that the surprise Fanatics Fest appearance drew intense social media attention, with clips and fan reactions amplifying the sense that Bieber is intentionally embracing a more confident, physically present image onstage, a notable contrast to the more withdrawn persona he showed during earlier struggles with mental health. YouTube commentary pieces and industry coverage this week have repeatedly framed this moment as part of Bieber's major comeback arc, pointing out that he moved from publicly describing himself as feeling unworthy on Instagram to headlining Coachella in April 2026 and now co‑leading the World Cup final show alongside other global superstars. These analyses emphasize the biographical significance of this stretch: Bieber is not just performing again, he is reclaiming the biggest stages on earth, an important chapter in any long‑term narrative of his life and career trajectory. French outlet Le Figaro notes that after a four‑year gap, Bieber recently released his seventh studio album, a development that underpins his current run of appearances and reinforces that this is not a one‑off event but a structured return to recording and touring. Business‑focused profiles, such as recent features on his estimated fortune, highlight how his touring, catalog, and brand partnerships continue to support a reported net worth in the hundreds of millions, underscoring that these new performances are also key to the ongoing expansion and maintenance of the Bieber business empire. Speculation in international entertainment press suggests that if the World Cup halftime show lands as strongly as expected, a future Super Bowl halftime slot could be the next milestone in his comeback narrative. This remains unconfirmed and should be treated as rumor, but it is widely discussed as a logical next step given his current momentum. On social media, verified fan footage from Fanatics Fest and preview teasers for the World Cup performance have been widely shared, with commentary stressing how healthy, engaged, and energized Bieber appears compared with earlier years, a detail that may prove significant in retrospective biographies about his recovery and reinvention period. Thank you for listening, and make sure you subscribe so you never miss an update on Justin Bieber, and search the term Biography Flash for more great biographies. Thanks for listening. This has been a Quiet Please production. Get the best deals https://amzn.to/3ODvOta

Part 1 One of our listeners says a DEAFENING silence happened after an awkward question from their waiter on their date, and now she’s not getting a call back. Part 2 The woman on the phone today claims that she discovered a place that is swarming with career driven, high-value men, and she even scored a date on her first visit. The problem? He's not calling her back!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Part 1 One of our listeners says a DEAFENING silence happened after an awkward question from their waiter on their date, and now she’s not getting a call back. Part 2 The woman on the phone today claims that she discovered a place that is swarming with career driven, high-value men, and she even scored a date on her first visit. The problem? He's not calling her back!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

 If you haven't yet, be sure to subscribe to Bits + Bips on its dedicated channels. Follow us on Apple Podcasts, YouTube, Spotify, X, Unchained and wherever you get your podcasts.

Surprise!!! Me and Donnie decided to record a quick two hour episode to talk about Xbox, Bethesda, and much more.

Fridays are for phone calls. Doggies beat that scrappy Sporting KC bunch. Enough soccer talk. The Late Night Score. Doug fixes the beautiful game. What's the alternative, bitch? Estate sales. Secret MLB schedule drop. Bryce Harper isn't worried about a work stoppage. Will we have a Spring Training next year? Tim's Get Ready With Me videos. McGreevy's parents driving him to Phoenix.Tim's reached his breaking point and has left the show. Opening Day Meet & Greet with TMA. Layering up for the winter season. Audio of Adam Wainwright's response to Brandon Walker. Where did the 'Best Fans In Baseball' moniker start? The Cardinal Way. Our little prairie town.Jackie Fairways is back, baby. Live from The Open. Sometimes strangers become lovers. Our guy from across the pond, Mark Goldbridge, gets trolled by his live chat. England's disappointing finish in the World Cup.Jackson is not looking forward to Will Ferrell's new show. Reviews are in and they're not great. Stick was good. Adam McKay and Will Ferrell's famous falling out that we don't know anything about. Comedic actors with two decades plus of staying power.This year's Home Run Derby on Netflix was one of the least viewed in the last 20 years. 53% of households in the U.S. have a Netflix account.Breast high shrubs. And here comes Sam Burns. Drops of the Week. It's hard to do 25 in a parking lot. Derrick Gould's article on the Cardinals approaching the trade deadline. Chasing the sugar rush of the standings. The dais gives their thoughts on it. Sick pull, Jack Albertson. The guys from Super Troopers were on the Rizz Show yesterday. George Wallace on The Courtney Show. Wallace was the guy Tim walked in on in the bathroom. Chairman had a woman walk in on him mid wipe in the bathroom at the Chesterfield Outlet Mall. Doug may have stumbled into a serial killer. Chasing down Jerry Rice.Doug, you wanted more Offset, you got it. Audio of Joe Roderick talking it over with St. Louisan Ryan Howard about Jordan Walker and the HR Derby. Is the All Star Game in trouble?Marky Mark plays a round of golf in like 90 minutes. Boston Fun: Fun but Stressful. EMOTD. Craig O'Neil calls in for a Judge Reinhold update for Martin before he leaves for onboarding. Feel sorry that Doug has been reduced to this.We'll just read the entire Blues schedule this segment. I love Shane Lowry, in fact. Classic TMA symptom.Last time the Cardinals wore navy caps to open the season. Audio from the To The Majors with former MLB pitcher Shawn Tolleson talking about the goal of getting to the Major Leagues. Bryce Harper doesn't love the idea of his son playing baseball unless he really wants to. Youth sports. People are ready to run through a brick wall for Coach Doug.The Great Flood of 93. Jackson is getting pool invites. Someone has to be in charge. Peeing in pools. Bikins and weenies. The cure is worse than the disease.The winner of the EMOTD is...See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Slacker got a little out of hand at last night's Fork Cancer event for the American Cancer Society...

Full show - FrYiday | Slacker has a surprise gift waiting for him | Are these really the best chicken tenders? | News or Nope - Phone backgrounds, Jimothy the Raccoon, and avocado oil | Harry Potter Quizzitch - Miguel vs Alice | Slacker might get fired | Erica is a train girl | Feel Good Friday | Stupid stories | What's wrong with Hack? | Is Erica considering annulment? | Butt injury www.instagram.com/theslackershow www.instagram.com/askslacker www.instagram.com/ericasheaaa www.instagram.com/thackiswack www.instagram.com/radioerin

Your workout has a job, and burning calories isn't it. In this solo episode, Angela breaks down the real difference between training for muscle and training for strength, and why blending the two with a calorie-burning agenda quietly sabotages both. She walks through why load matters far less than effort for muscle growth, why strength has only one real lever, and shares a practical band-assisted progression for building toward an unassisted pull up. The conversation then turns to protein, unpacking why so many midlife women are chronically under-fuelled, what the research shows happens when that's corrected, and the precise per-kilogram target worth aiming for. You'll come away with a clearer, less complicated framework for structuring your training and your plate, so fat loss becomes a byproduct of good decisions rather than a constant uphill fight. If you've ever wondered whether you're lifting the "right" way, or whether you're eating enough protein to actually see results, this episode gives you a straightforward answer. KEY TAKEAWAYS Train close to failure, not to a specific weight — muscle growth responds to effort near failure regardless of whether you lift heavy, moderate, or light, so choose the load you enjoy most. Separate your goals before you plan your workout — if strength is the priority, only heavier loads will get you there; lighter loads won't build meaningful strength no matter the effort. Don't ask your lifting sessions to burn calories — use diet or aerobic exercise for a calorie deficit, and keep resistance training focused on quality, near-failure sets. Build toward an unassisted pull up with band-assisted reps and eccentric (lowering) practice — both let you rehearse the actual movement while gradually shifting more load onto your muscles. Aim for roughly 1.6g of protein per kg of bodyweight (about 0.75g per pound) — benefits taper sharply past this point, so hitting even a partial increase toward that target still delivers meaningful gains in lean mass and fat loss. QUOTES "It really doesn't matter if you lift heavy, if you lift moderate, or if you lift light, as long as you take each set to near failure." "I like to look at resistance training as a path towards an anabolic stimulus on the body to increase muscle and strength." "The only way to maximize strength is to lift with heavier weights." "Protein is anabolic for muscle, and it happens to be catabolic for fat." "After you pass 0.75 grams per pound, there is still an anabolic benefit, but the more and more you eat, the less and less that benefit becomes." Want to go deeper? Start here:

In part 4 of Lily's Jungle Quest, Lily and Daddy share a ‘home day' as they wait for the ground to dry from the storm the night before.  After dark, their explorations continue, experiencing lights that God created – lights that make the dark less scary.  In the process, Lily learns that God has put a light inside of her too – a light that shines brightly showing God's greatness to the world and also brings comfort to her in the midst of darkness. Learn more about Ms. Adventure's Treehouse byjoining our ⁠⁠⁠Facebook⁠⁠⁠ or ⁠Instagram⁠ communities or connect with Charity at ⁠⁠⁠msadventurestreehouse@gmail.com⁠⁠⁠.   

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Steve and Charlie spoke to a WWL listener about the World Cup, the Pelicans, and the Sun Belt's Media Days. Chris Dodson, an NBA reporter for ClutchPoints, joined Sports Talk. Dodson broke down the Pelicans' Summer League journey and the upcoming 2026 World Cup Final.

Send us Fan MailAmerican healthcare spends an estimated $110 per member per month just to administer itself, before a single service is ever delivered. Most of that cost exists because health data still cannot move freely between the systems that need it.Michael Meucci, CEO of Arcadia, joins host John Driscoll to discuss why two decades of interoperability policy have failed to solve the data fragmentation problem facing health systems and payers, and why liberating that data and redirecting the administrative spend it currently requires could be the single biggest lever available for improving both the cost and quality of American healthcare.

Divorce rings are trending, but before you redesign your wedding ring into a new piece of jewelry, there's more to know than just the style.In this episode of Women Winning Divorce, Heather Quick breaks down the celebrity-driven divorce ring trend, the legalities of redesigning your ring, and what it really represents: independence, healing, and a fresh start after divorce. But there's a catch — timing matters. Listen now to learn: The difference between premarital and marital ringsWhy you shouldn't redesign your ring before your divorce is finalizedHow Florida divorce law treats engagement rings vs. upgraded wedding rings during equitable distribution.If you're navigating divorce and rebuilding your identity, don't miss the deeper conversation in Episode 216: Reasons Women Struggle with Rebuilding After Divorce.Article Link: https://www.vogue.com/article/divorce-rings-trend-emily-ratajkowski-barbara-sturm Interested in working with us? Fill out this form here to get started.Not quite ready? Interact with us on socials! OR get all of your questions answered by taking our online course: Divorce 101!Divorce 101 Online Course- https://heather-quick.mykajabi.com/divorce-101Linktree- https://linktr.ee/FloridaWomensLawGroup Florida Women's Law Group Website- https://www.floridawomenslawgroup.com/Women Winning Divorce is supported by Florida Women's Law Group.Disclaimer: This podcast is for informational purposes only and is not an advertisement for legal services. The information provided on this podcast is not intended to be legal advice. You should not rely on what you hear on this podcast as legal advice. If you have a legal issue, please contact a lawyer. The views and opinions expressed by the hosts and guests are solely those of the individuals and do not represent the views or opinions of the firms or organizations with which they are affiliated or the views or opinions of this podcast's advertisers. This podcast is available for private, non-commercial use only. Any editing, reproduction, or redistribution of this podcast for commercial use or monetary gain without the expressed, written consent of the podcast's creator is prohibited.Thank you for listening, please leave us a review and share the podcast with your friends and colleagues. Send your questions, comments, and feedback to marketing@4womenlaw.com.

Paul and Mark throw together one of the last true offseason shows before camp begins. -Intro-Back from Yellowstone-Show preview-Bengals fan survey analysis-Buying or selling? Join Team Sztanyo at Keller-Williams: info@teamsztanyo.com-Prolific Athletic commenter Nate S. joins the show-Taking Growl Pal questions-Ambush Light: All Hair vs All-Bald Team-Power rankings: Vacation modes of transport-Go see Mark in Lexington this weekend! www.markchalifoux.com-Dad LifeWatch and subscribe on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@TheGrowlerPodcastThe Growler on Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-growler/id1733476604The Growler on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/70iJjqgPQrVzQ2pdOwVvDYLinks to all socials, podcast platforms, merchandise from Cincy Shirts and more: thegrowlerpodcast.comSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

For nearly a year, Alison Arngrim managed to do the impossible: keep a secret. And not just any secret—she appears in a surprise cameo in Episode 2 of Netflix's brand-new Little House on the Prairie! On the very day the series premiered, we sat down with everyone's favorite Nellie Oleson to finally spill the beans. How did it happen? What was it like stepping back into the world of Little House? And perhaps most impressively... how on earth did Alison keep this from the fans for an entire year?Join us as Alison takes us behind the scenes of her unforgettable cameo, shares what it was like visiting the new Little House, meeting the cast, and passing the prairie torch to a new generation. It's a heartfelt, hilarious, and history-making conversation filled with laughs, surprises, and just enough behind-the-scenes gossip to make even Mrs. Oleson lean in a little closer. If you've already spotted Alison in Episode 2, you'll love hearing how it all came together. And if you haven't... well, what are you waiting for? We'll still be here when you get back.Then join us on Patreon, where Alison shares exclusive, never-before-seen behind-the-scenes photos from her time on the set of Netflix's new Little House on the Prairie. It's an incredible peek behind the prairie curtain that fans won't want to miss!Links and Resources:Haven't signed up for Patreon yet? Get more behind-the-scenes info and fun conversation we can't do on the podcast...PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/LittleHousePodcastwww.LittleHouse50Podcast.com to connect with our hosts and link to their websites.www.LivinOnaPrairieTV.com  Check out the award-winning series created by Pamela Bob, with special guest stars Alison Arngrim and Charlotte Stewart.Prairie Legacy Productions - the place to go for info about all new Little House events!IPLP's Nashville event: Sept 11-13LittleHouseonthePrairieCastReunions.comTo learn more about Little House on the Prairie, Visit www.littlehouseontheprairie.comFacebook/Instagram/TikTok:Dean Butler @officialdeanbutlerAlison Arngrim @alisonarngrimPamela Bob @thepamelabob, @prairietvSocial Media Team: Joy Correa and Christine Nunez https://www.paclanticcreative.com/Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/little-house-on-the-prairie-50th-anniversary-podcast--6055242/support.

Verno and Jacoby are back as they go through five observations from the NBA's summer league in Las Vegas. They then discuss some of the latest news around the league including a second sponsorship deal investigation surrounding Kawhi Leonard, Victor Wembanyama's contract extension, and more. Also, Jacoby shares his experience of going to 'The Odyssey' premiere in New York. (00:00) Welcome to The Mismatch! (2:44) Jacoby going to 'The Odyssey' premiere (11:18) Summer league observation no. 1: Top four picks exceeded expectation (19:14) Summer league observation no. 2: Rookie standouts (28:17) Summer league observation no. 3: Sophomores standouts (31:05) Summer league observation no. 4: Disappointing players (33:21) Summer league observation no. 5: Las Vegas experiences (48:07) LeBron James watch (51:28) NBA investigating second sponsorship deal with Kawhi Leonard (56:43) Victor Wembanyama signs extension with Spurs Leave us a message on our Mismatch Voicemail line! (323) 389-5091 Hosts: Chris Vernon and David Jacoby Producers: Jessie Lopez, Stefan Anderson, Jeff Shearin, and Remy Hernandez Social: Keith Fujimoto Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Episode Highlights With KatieThe real story behind baby #7 and the hardest year of my life — not the polished version, but the honest journey of what it looked like behind the scenes.The unexpected prayer that changed everything and what happened when I asked life to shake up anything that wasn't rooted in love and kindness.What it felt like to walk through a season where I couldn't fix, plan, or control my way out — and the lessons I learned from finally letting go.Navigating an unexpected pregnancy, the emotions I wrestled with, and how this season transformed my relationship with trust, surrender, and acceptance.My experience with a darkness retreat and what facing my deepest fears taught me about becoming a different version of myself.Why this was emotionally my hardest pregnancy but physically my easiest, and the health practices that supported me through it, including nutrition, movement, circadian rhythms, and stress reduction.Redefining what it means to be alone, finding deeper support through family and community, and discovering that a full life doesn't require everything to look the way I once imagined.What I learned about hard seasons: don't judge the story from the middle. How sometimes the things that feel like they're breaking us are making space for something new.HiyaHiya created a super powered chewable vitamin for kids that packs twelve organic fruits and vegetables plus fifteen essential vitamins and minerals into every dose. Try it at hiyahealth.com/wellnessmama.BioptimizersI love and use so many products from them, but I especially love the magnesium (Magnesium Breakthrough) and digestive enzymes (Masszymes). Visit bioptimizers.com/wellnessmama to get the best deal!

Surprise news out of Detroit as Steve Yzerman is announced to be stepping down from the GM position, what does this mean for Bill Guerin and the Wild who have had their sights set on the Red Wings captain for awhile now. Judd and AJ explore the possible roles ahead and whether this is a positive or negative for the Wild as they still look to add the 29-year old center.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Surprise news out of Detroit as Steve Yzerman is announced to be stepping down from the GM position, what does this mean for Bill Guerin and the Wild who have had their sights set on the Red Wings captain for awhile now. Judd and AJ explore the possible roles ahead and whether this is a positive or negative for the Wild as they still look to add the 29-year old center.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

A couple tongue-tied moments will lead us down the path to dreamland with a tale about friends and party games and the foibles we share in the deep, dark night.The show really needs your help right now. Keep Sleep With Me going and get hours of bonus content by joining Sleep With Me Plus! sleepwithmepodcast.com/plusGet your Sleep With Me SleepPhones. Use "sleepwithme" for $5 off!!Are you looking for Story Only versions or two more nights of Sleep With Me a week? Then check out Bedtime Stories from Sleep With MeThis episode is produced by Rusty Biscuit aka Russell Sperberg.Show Artwork by Emily TatGoing through a hard time? You can find support at the Crisis Textline and see more global helplines here.HELIX SLEEP - Take the 2-minute sleep quiz and they'll match you to a customized mattress that'll give you the best sleep of your life. Visit helixsleep.com/sleep and get a special deal exclusive for SWM listeners!ZOCDOC - With Zocdoc, you can search for local doctors who take your insurance, read verified patient reviews and book an appointment, in-person or video chat. Download the Zocdoc app to sign-up for FREE at zocdoc.com/sleepAQUATRU - AquaTru is a countertop water purifier tested & certified to remove 84 contaminants, including chlorine, lead, forever chemicals, and microplastics! Get 20% off your water purifier by going to AquaTru.com and using promo code SLEEPPROGRESSIVE - With the Name Your Price tool, you tell Progressive how much you want to pay for car insurance, and they'll show you coverage options that fit your budget. Get your quote today at progressive.comTALKIATRY - Talkiatry gives you access to real psychiatric care with licensed clinicians who can diagnose and prescribe medication if it's right for you. It's a simple way to get effective treatment right from home. Head to Talkiatry.com/SLEEP to complete the short assessment and get matched with an in‑network psychiatrist in just a few minutes.QUINCE - Quince Superfood Greens cuts through all the nutrition noise with one simple, daily scoop that helps fill in your nutrient gaps and support your overall health. Head to quince.com/sleepwithme for free shipping and 365-day returns. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

Dave Rubin of "The Rubin Report" gives a first look at the stories you need to know to start your day, including President Donald Trump recommending Lindsey Graham's sister, Darlene Graham Nordone, as South Carolina's interim U.S. senator while Republicans prepare for a special election featuring potential candidates like Nancy Mace, and Ralph Norman; the Trump administration rolling back a controversial Endangered Species Act interpretation following the Supreme Court's Loper Bright decision, easing restrictions on energy production, farming, ranching, and private land use; and a new report showing New York's millionaire exodus has cost the state nearly $11 billion in tax revenue as high taxes, regulation, and concerns over Zohran Mamdani's economic agenda fuel continued outmigration; and much more.

A Grey's Anatomy star stopped by Big Al's Bar!See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

David joins with a list of 5 teams that could surprise people by making the NFL playoffs in 2026.

With Shaun Morash filling in for Evan Roberts, Tiki Barber and Shaun debate whether the Jets finally have enough talent up front and at the skill positions to build a watchable offense. The offensive line offers real hope, but Geno Smith remains the biggest question standing between the Jets and a competitive season. They also discuss whether afternoon World Cup start times help younger fans watch, why magenta baseballs created problems during the Home Run Derby, and how Victor Wembanyama could be received by New York fans at Fanatics Fest. The conversation also revisits Diego Maradona's famous Hand of God goal and England's long wait for another World Cup title.

Donny Fandango set out with one goal: raise $53,000 for Ronald McDonald House Charities...and then proceeded to absolutely crush it. The crew recaps the incredible Radiothon, the huge donations, the emotional moments, and—because this is The Rizzuto Show—the bizarre auction prizes everyone agreed to while Rizz was unconscious after wisdom tooth surgery.Apparently getting anesthesia is basically giving your coworkers power of attorney.Rizz returns to discover he's now the proud future owner of a very...unique...piece of jewelry, Melissa bought herself two hours in studio, and Donny narrowly escaped getting one of the weirdest tattoos imaginable. Charity wins, dignity loses. Everybody's happy.Speaking of surgery, Rizz shares the surprisingly abrupt experience of getting knocked out for his wisdom tooth extraction. No dramatic countdown. No floating through space. Just "What are your hobbies?" and instant blackout. The gang compares anesthesia stories, post-surgery meals, and why hydrocodone apparently turns Rizz into a man convinced invisible bugs are crawling on him.Meanwhile, Moon continues adding to his collection of "Craigslist Could Have Been My Last Day On Earth" stories, while Lern makes her very first Facebook Marketplace purchase. What should have been a simple $35 weight bench somehow becomes an FBI-level covert operation involving porch pickups, Venmo timing, getaway driving, and apologizing to Ring doorbells.Then everyone gets hungry.The crew debates Korean BBQ versus Brazilian steakhouses, discusses the strategy of "beating the house" at all-you-can-eat restaurants, admits to suffering from the legendary meat sweats, and somehow turns dipping sauces into a competitive sport.As if things weren't chaotic enough, Yellowstone provides one of the wildest viral videos of the week when an agitated bison launches a grandfather several feet into the air after a campsite encounter. The crew breaks down exactly what happened, why wildlife deserves way more personal space than tourists seem willing to give it, and why surviving a bison toss wasn't even the only animal-related headline making news.They also dive into the Running of the Bulls, debate whether life insurance covers intentionally sprinting in front of enormous angry animals, and discover that some adventures may be better left to someone else's vacation photos.It's another morning full of ridiculous conversations, genuine laughs, questionable life decisions, and proof that no matter how carefully you plan your day, someone is probably about to get launched by wildlife.If you're looking for your next daily comedy podcast, welcome home. The daily comedy podcast you know and love is back with another completely normal day that immediately goes off the rails. Thanks for making daily comedy podcast chaos part of your day.Follow The Rizzuto Show → https://linktr.ee/rizzshowConnect with The Rizzuto Show Comedy Podcast online → https://1057thepoint.com/RizzShowHear The Rizz Show every weekday on 105.7 The Point | Hubbard Radio in St. Louis, Missouri.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Surprise!The podcast really is over. But we're unexpectedly sharing one more episode because I have some unexpected news: I wrote another book.It's called How to Coach Resistance, and I love it so much that I couldn't resist popping back into your podcast feed to tell you about it.In this episode, I'll share why I wrote it, what I've learned from years of trying to understand resistance, and read a short passage from the introduction.Then, if you'd like to keep reading, you can download the introduction for free.Get the (free) introduction of How to Coach ResistancePre-order the bookJoin Elena at the Coaching Resistance workshopSubscribe to Elena's Weekly Wisdom NewsletterReceive weekly reflections, tools, and inspiration to support your personal and professional growth.Join us on YouTube. Watch short, practical videos with coaching strategies, leadership tools, and stories that support transformational practice. Subscribe to our channelPodcast Transcript and Use:Bright Morning Consulting owns the copyright to all content and transcripts of The Bright Morning Podcast, with all rights reserved. You may not distribute or commercially exploit the content without our express written permission.We welcome you to download and share the podcast with others for personal use; please acknowledge The Bright Morning Podcast as the source of the material.Episode Transcript