Podcast appearances and mentions of David Evans

Today's guest, Dr. David Evans, got his PhD at Ohio State University in the area of Family Resource Management and fell in love with the field of financial planning while taking classes at the Fisher School of Business. He spent 12 years as a Purdue Faculty member where in his final four years he served as the director of the financial planning program. While there Dr. Evans became obsessed with the idea of becoming a practitioner in the field of financial planning. The more he convinced his students to join the profession, the more he convinced himself. So, in 2022, he made the leap and now enjoys helping people live their best life through financial planning.

0:00 Jennifer Gilley, LSI, GISP - Survey Analyst at David Evans and Associates, Inc. 20:19 Walter Burgess - Co-CEO, Sales & Engineering at Power Technology, Inc. 35:27 Dawn Zoldi - Founder and CEO at P3 Tech Consulting LLC 46:38 Lauren Regiec - Team Lead, Geospatial & UAS at Carahsoft 

How does providing daycare affect infants, their parents, and even their grandparents during the seven years that follow? When Rio de Janeiro held a lottery for thousands of places, David Evans and Lycia Lima were two of a group of researchers who made the most of the opportunity to discover new evidence for the benefits of childcare, and they tell Tim Phillips what they found out.

There was a lot to unpack from a pulsating and action-packed Rally Sweden 2023 - but David Evans and Colin Clark have been through it all on their way home from the eventSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

With this podcast we again interview our friend, ethnomusicologist, discoverer and producer Dr David Evans about his working with and recording major blues legend and slide guitar genius, Mr Mississippi Fred McDowell.

With this podcast we again interview our friend, ethnomusicologist, discoverer and producer Dr David Evans about his working with and recording major blues legend and slide guitar genius, Mr Mississippi Fred McDowell.

This episode is a conversation with 2012 Westfield graduate David Evans and 2012 Evansville North graduate Caleb Kerr.  || Working Man's Track Club: Contact.WMTC@gmail.com ||  Contact: coachp.irpodcast@gmail.com  Instagram: @joshpuccinelli

Ken Block's rise to stardom was certainly storied, and Derek Dauncey was there all the way. He looks back on his time working with Ken

#Xbox #SailForth #Interview In this interview Luke Lohr sits down with David Evans, Festive Vector's sole developer, to discuss the launch of Sail Forth. Sail Forth is a title six years in the making that arrived to all platforms including Xbox on December 21, 2022. Sail Forth has since gained indie success as its made the rounds to be a competent, enjoyable sailing title with enjoyable combat and humorous writing.  Sail Forth is available now for Xbox and Steam users.  XEP Interviews is a spin-off of the highly successful XEP, which saw 90+ industry professionals interviewed from 2019-2022. Starting in 2023 industry interviews will be receiving their own episode with industry news separate.  The Xbox Expansion Pass (XEP) is a podcast dedicated to interpreting the goings on in the world of video games and analyzing how they impact the Xbox ecosystem. Luke Lohr, the InsipidGhost, plays host and discusses various topics throughout the industry with co-host Captain Logun. The guests on the show are meant to help gamers expand their knowledge of the gaming industry. Hive: InsipidGhost Instagram: InsipidGhost Twitter: InsipidGhost Contact: InsipidGhost@gmail.com

With this podcast we again interview our friend Dr David Evans about his and Ms Marina Bokelman's new book Going Up The Country: Adventures in Blues Fieldwork in the 1960's from University Press of Mississippi.

With this podcast we again interview our friend Dr David Evans about his and Ms Marina Bokelman's new book Going Up The Country: Adventures in Blues Fieldwork in the 1960's from University Press of Mississippi.

Evans was born and raised in Lakewood, California and learned to ride a motorcycle at the age of six. Her father, David Evans competed in motorcycle observed trials and she grew up attending motorcycle competitions and learned her trials skills from her father. She began competing in trials and enduro events, usually as the only female in the competition. In 1978 at the age of 19, she accepted an invitation to compete in the grueling Scottish Six Days Trial, at the suggestion of Bill Emmison of UK importation firm BERM Specialties and with support from Gordon Farley Motorcycles England. Although some enthusiasts thought that the trial may be too difficult for Evans, she proved her skill by not only finishing the event, but finishing in a respectable fourth place against male competitors in the 175cc division. Evans also began performing exhibition shows, eventually displaying her riding skills in front of tens of thousands of fans at AMA Grand National Championship and AMA Supercross events. She became known for a trick in which she would balance her motorcycle with the kickstand up and perform a headstand on the seat. She appeared in the 1980 motorcycle documentary film, Take It To The Limit, performing her trademark headstand on a motorcycle. Film industry career Evans' exceptional riding ability eventually led her to work in the American film industry as a stunt rider. She became so successful as a stunt performer that it became her full-time job. Evans has appeared in over 200 movies and television shows, including motorcycle stunt work in The Matrix Reloaded as well as in The Fast and the Furious film franchise.

David Evans, Luke Barry and George Donaldson debate who their top 10 drivers of the 2022 World Rally Championship season are.

With this podcast we interview our friend Dr David Evans about his and Ms Marina Bokelman's new book Going Up The Country: Adventures in Blues Fieldwork in the 1960'

David Evans, Luke Barry and George Donaldson discuss what rounds would feature in their ideal WRC calendar

THE AUSTRALIAN OPEN WEEK The Australian Open for our professional men and women golfers hits town this week as all eyes descend on our unique format. Played over two courses with men and women running in conjunction. A super field with many of Australia's favourite golfers, a host of international names and around 8 major title winners. Now that is a tournament I want to see. CATHEDRAL INVITATIONAL WITH DAVID EVANS Directly following the Aus Open is the Cathedral Invitational held at the prestigious Cathedral GC in Thornton VIC. The course owned and conceived by Victorian businessman David Evans, and built by Greg Norman is a new 2-day tournament designed to give our star golfers another reason to support the Australian Summer of Golf. We chat with David about the tournament. One lucky listener will get the chance to win 2 tickets to the Tuesday public access day on December 6th and 2 Embroidered Cathedral Invitational Caps. Stay tuned for details. For tickets head to CATHEDRAL INVITATIONAL TICKETS - CLICK HERE AUS PGA WRAP Mike & Rossco wrap the Aus PGA won by...of course. CAM SMITH  

On this episode of #WeNeedToTalk, Malynda chats with Social Media Influencer and Youtuber Joshua David Evans. They chat about his journey to sobriety, being liberal in a red state, the pros and cons of social media, and the importance of continuing to educate yourself on social issues. This conversation is important and so needed!  Originally from Georgia, Joshua studied music, acting, and entertainment at the American Musical and Dramatic Academy in New York City. From there he went on to perform professionally in Broadway tours, commercial work, and eventually YouTube where his debut album reached the iTunes top 100. Joshua now works behind the scenes, helping brands and companies establish new media relations.    Follow Malynda on Twitter and Instagram- @malyndahale Subscribe to and Support #WeNeedToTalk- https://linktr.ee/weneedtotalkthepodcast    

Larry Morrisey visits with David Evans, a retired University of Memphis professor and music researcher, on his new book “Goin' Up the Country: Adventured in Blues Fieldwork in the 1960s.” It recounts his trips to Mississippi and Louisiana during the mid-1960s to interview and record the last of the first generation of blues musicians. The book is a collaboration with the late folklorist Marina Bokelman, who collaborated with him on the project.If you enjoyed listening to this podcast, please consider contributing to MPB. https://donate.mpbfoundation.org/mspb/podcast Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This week on Bridging Philly, KYW community impact reporter Racquel Williams speaks with Care Not Control, a Philly nonprofit working to end juvenile incarceration. They just released a new project that puts their message to music. For the Newsmaker of the Week, KYW's Shara Dae Howard introduces us to Imperfect Gallery, an artist run gallery opened in 2012 in Germantown. They welcome the community to connect and grow together through conversations around art and well as civic engagement. This election season, they doubled down on that mission. The Philly Rising Changemaker is David Evans, a father, realtor, part-time coach with Philadelphia Youth Basketball, and concerned citizen. Local politics first piqued his interest with a question: How could he get speed bumps installed in his North Philadelphia neighborhood for the safety of his 11-year-old son who plays outside? KYW's Antionette Lee follows his story. To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Colin Clark and David Evans discuss the challenge facing the crews in Japan this weekend as the 2022 World Rally Championship draws to a close on the tight and twisty asphalt roads around Aichi. Who has the advantage? Only time will tell...

One of the most infamous courses in the country, Cathedral Lodge plays host to the Cathedral Invitational. We catch up with course owner David Evans to get the history on this incredible course and event.

Welcome to Sonosphere the podcast that explores the sounds all around us in art and music movements through history. Sonosphere is now on WYXR 91.7 FM in Memphis, TN every Monday from 4-5pm. Today's episode is a harrowing tale of a natural disaster that ravaged much of middle America, especially the South.In this episode we will discuss the formation of the Mississippi River, the events that led to the flood, the red cross' response and how they used the media to shape public opinion, as well as  Blues songs that helped inform the public about the human turmoil that was a direct result of the flood. Listen in as we hear from Christopher Morris, Scotti Parish and David Evans about this extraordinary event. Learn more at sonospherepodcast.com @sonospod

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David Evans, CEO of our partner , joins me again to discuss all things metaverse. We start by clearing up some misconceptions about what it'll allow users to do (hint: it's a LOT more than just “gamification” and social media). I'm on the executive board of TCG World. David and I share some incredible recent deals the company has made… how it's attracting the best developers in the world… its next crucial steps as it prepares to launch its metaverse at the end of this year… and why understanding NFTs is critical to profiting from the metaverse. In this episode  Some common misconceptions about the metaverse [5:38] TCG World's recent deals will create an amazing user experience [7:40] How the metaverse will create boundless opportunities for users [15:10] “Gamification” is only the beginning [22:50]  Stay tuned for a special deal on TCG World real estate [41:25] Enjoyed this episode? Get Wall Street Unplugged delivered FREE to your inbox every Wednesday: https://www.curzioresearch.com/wall-street-unplugged/ Wall Street Unplugged podcast is available at: --: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/wall-street-unplugged-frank/ -- : https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/curzio-research/wall-street-unplugged-2 -- : https://www.curzioresearch.com/category/podcast/wall-street-unplugged/   : https://twitter.com/frankcurzio :. https://www.facebook.com/CurzioResearch/ : https://www.linkedin.com/in/frank-curzio-690561a7/ :

My guest on this episode is Stefan Dercon - author of the recently published and most excellent book ‘Gambling on Development: Why Some Countries Win and Others Lose'. Development scholars have produced many explanations for why some countries did better than others after the Second World War. Factors like geography, quality or type of institutions, foreign aid, and protective trade policies, have been argued as what explains this divergence in national prosperity between countries. Dercon's contribution will no doubt be plugged into this long-running debate - and in my opinion, he comes closest to having a ‘‘first principles'' explanation than anyone I have read on the subject. Other theories leave you with nagging questions - Where do good institutions come from? Are countries condemned by their histories? Why do some countries use foreign aid better? Why are some countries with rich geographic endowments doing worse? Why does protective trade lead some countries toward becoming industrial exporting giants, and some others into a macroeconomic crisis?Dercon argues that countries that have done better do so by working out a ‘development bargain'. This comes about when the people with power and influence (elites) in a country find a cooperative agreement (bargain) to consciously pursue economic development and national enrichment. Development bargains are not simple, they are often messy. And elites are not a bunch of altruistic do-gooders. Rather, through many complicated networks of intra-elite competitions and cooperation, they decide to gamble on the future by betting that economic development will deliver the biggest win. Dercon does not claim to have found the holy grail of development - and there are still many questions to be answered. But his argument does lead to one inevitable conclusion. Countries and their people will have to figure out what works for them and how that delivers prosperity.Stefan Dercon is Professor of Economic Policy at the Blavatnik School of Government at Oxford University. He was the Chief Economist of the UK's Department of International Development (DFID).TranscriptTobi; Was your experience really what inspired you to write the book?Stefan; Well, you know, what inspired me definitely is just the contrast that I've had in terms of things I do. Because I've been an academic for a long time, I have more than 30 years writing and studying and, you know, I was one of these academics who like to, as one sometimes puts it, you know, like, likes to get mud on their feet, you know, mud on their boots. I used to work mostly on rural households and in most countries, these are amongst the poorest people, and you just get to know what's going on there. I have a policy interest, and I was just lucky 10 years ago, a bit more than that, I got a job as a Chief Economist in the UK aid agency, and it's just that contrast of having had the chance and the opportunity to get involved on the policy side, on meeting all the more senior people...and it's just that contrast between still enjoying being surrounded by people and what they do and understands livelihoods of poorer people, combined with being in the policy space, I felt like, you know, I have a unique perspective that I wanted to communicate. And it was just a quest to communicate, actually. If anything, I wanted just to tell more of these stories because I think, from all sides, we tend to misunderstand a lot of what's going on and how things work in practice. And that's definitely the case on the academic side. We're so far sometimes from reality that I wanted to tell that story a bit more.Tobi; And I mean, after you wrote the book, and after publication, I presume from some of the feedback that your book is actually quite successful. I gave so many copies away, right, I can't even count. I think at some point, I temporarily bought out Roving Heights' entire stock. So how has the reception been generally?Stefan; I mean, look, what you just told me makes it much more worthwhile than if white kids in Oxford are buying the book. So what I'm really pleased with is that it appealed to a much broader group of people. And actually, you know, if I'm really honest, I hadn't expected that people like you or I was in Bangladesh last week that young people there would actually appreciate the book, you know, that you would actually get people that think about these problems in these countries are actually interested in it. And I'm very pleased that people find it both worthwhile to read and quite interesting. Of course, I get some academics. One story last week in Bangladesh, I had a question, you know, how Lenin fitted in my book. Now, I had to struggle with the answer of how Vladimir Lenin would actually fit into the book and thinking, you know, that's an academic typically responding to, you know... I don't know, I'm not a deep theoretician but it was written out of a kind of pragmatic sense of what can I learn from economics and politics that actually is worthwhile communicating. So it's well received. And if I'm really honest, I don't mind that there are pdf copies circulating as well and things like that. Actually, as long as it's read, you know, you write a book, not because you want the highest sales, but you actually want it to be read, and that actually makes it really interesting that people seem to be able to relate to it. Another group that, actually, I found really interesting that can relate to it is people that are either civil servants working in governments like - in yours, as well as maybe aid officials and International World Bank officials, IMF officials, who actually find it helpful as well. You know, and there's usually a huge bridge between them, there's a huge gap between how in Washington when we think about these things, or in London or in Abuja, and so that's pleasing as well. You know, I don't give a solution to the things but I think I touched on something of where a big part of the problem of development lies is that actually, we are, unfortunately, in quite a few countries, still with governments that fundamentally are backed by elites that don't really want to make the progress and do the hard work. And that's an unfortunate message. But at the same time, you have other countries that are surprising countries that make the progress. And so clearly, there is a lesson there that it's not simply like the problem is simple. Actually, the problem is to some extent, simple. It's about, fundamentally, do you want to actually make it work, make this progress work? And I think that echoes with quite a lot of people - the frustration that many of us have, that some countries seem to be stuck and not making enough progress and we need to be willing to call it out for what it is that it's not entirely the fault of those people who are in control, but they could do far more for the better than they actually do.Tobi; For the purpose of making the conversation practical and accessible, in the spirit of the book itself, I'm going to be asking you some very simple... and what I consider to be fundamental questions for the benefit of the audience and people that probably have not read the book. So there have been so many other books on development that have also been quite as popular as yours, Why Nations Fail comes to mind, and so many others, The End of Poverty by Jeffrey Sachs, some of which you actually reviewed in the opening chapters of the book. And at the heart of most of them is some kind of fundamental concept that then defines how the body of work itself or the central idea itself works, whether it's institutions, or culture, or industrial policy, or whatever. For your book, you talked a lot about the development bargain, what is the development bargain? And how does it work?Stefan; So the way I look at any country in the world, and I mean, any country, rich or poor country is that one way or another, there is a group of people, which I call for convenience, ''the elite.'' It's not like a pejorative title or a title to applaud them, but simply as a descriptive title. The group of people, in politics, civil service, in business definitely, maybe the military, maybe even civil society, key universities, public intellectuals, I talk about the group that I refer to as the elite, these are the people that have power, or they have influenced one way or another, that can be quite broad. Now in every society, I think it's that group that tends to determine what politics and the economy will look like, what the direction of a country will look like, in any society. And I call that underlying idea [as] they have essentially a form of an elite bargain, a bargain between the different people, they don't have to agree on everything, but to have some kind of an agreement that this is the principle by which, you know, my country will be run in politics and in the economy. Now we could have lots of these elite bargains. We could have an elite bargain that, for example, is based on: if I happen to have power, then everything that I'll do is to reward the people that brought me to power. I'll give them jobs in government. I'll give them maybe contracts, I'll do something, you know, technically, we call this Clientelist. You could have another one where he's saying, Look, no, we're going to run this country, totally, where everybody gets an equal right or equal opportunity, and in a particular way. And so you could have political systems that are around this. Now you could have all these things coming together. You could have also regimes that basically say, Well, the main purpose for us is to keep us as a small group in power, you know, he could have a particular way of doing it. Or indeed, to make sure we use it entirely to steal anything we can get and we'll actually put it in our own pockets, you could have a kleptocracy. You could have lots of these different things, you know, you could have different societies. Now, what I mean by development bargain, is actually fundamentally where that underlying elite bargain values, the underlying idea is that we want to grow our economy, and we want to do this in quite an inclusive way. We want to have developmental outcomes as well. And we make this a key part of the elite bargain. So basically, I define a development bargain as an elite bargain - the deals that we have in running our economy and our politics, that fundamentally, one big way we will judge it is that when we make progress in the growth of the economy, and also in development for the broader population, and I call that the development bargain. And I want to actually go a step further and say if you don't have this, you will never see growth and development in your country. You could have leaders talk about it. They could make big development plans, but if underlying all this there is not a fundamental commitment by all these key players that actually it's worthwhile doing, we're not going to achieve it. And maybe I'll make a quick difference here with say, how does that difference...(now, you mentioned Why Nations Fail.) Now, that underlying elite bargain, of course, the nature of your rule of law, your property rights, all these things, they clearly will matter to some extent, but Why Nations Fail puts this entirely into kind of some historical process. And a lot of people that talk about getting institutions right, they say, Well, you need to get institutions right before you can develop, and they seem to come from a long historical process. In my concept of elite bargain, I would actually emphasize [that] even if your country is not perfect in these institutions, even if there's still some corruption left, even if there are still some issues with the political system, even with the legal system, we actually have countries that can make progress if, fundamentally, that commitment is there amongst the elite. So you don't have to wait until perfection starts before you can start to develop. And that actually [means that] I want to put much more power into the hands... sorry, agency is the better word, I put much more agency in those who at the moment are in control of the state. History may not be favourable for you, there may be a history of colonialism, there may be other histories, factors that clearly will affect the nature of your country at a particular moment in time. But actually agency from the key actors today, they can overcome it. And in fact, in the book, I have plenty of examples of countries that start from imperfection, and actually start doing quite interesting things in terms of growth and development, while other countries are very much more stagnant and staying behind. Tobi; You sort of preempted my next question. I mean, since say, 1990, or thereabout, when the results of some of the ''Asia Tigers'' started coming in, maybe also through the works of people like Wade, Hamsden and co., countries like South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, have become like the standard for economic development, and subsequent analysis around issues of development always look at those countries and also their neighbours who have actually made some progress, maybe not as much as those specific countries. But what I want to ask you about in your book is, you talk about some of the works on development trying to reach for some kind of long history or some kind of historical...I don't want to say dependency or determinism, but you get my point. So my point is, if we go outside of these Asian Tigers, if we go back to say, Japan, or even the second industrial revolution, America, Germany, the Netherlands, can we observe the development bargain as you have described it? Is it also consistent through history?Stefan; I would say Absolutely. I mean, one of the things with when we look at these countries with longer-term success, you mentioned correctly, you know, the Koreas and also Japan, or going back in time to the Industrial Revolution, the second industrial revolution and so on, actually, we take for granted that actually they really wanted to succeed. And it's actually one of these things, and especially in recent history, [South] Korea came out of deep conflict, of course, it was also called War so they got certain support as well. But it was really important for both Japan and Korea after the Second World War, for Japan to re-emerge and for Korea to emerge. It was a form of also getting legitimacy towards their own population. So it was a real underlying deep commitment by that elite in these countries to try to make a success of it. We take it for granted, if we go back in history, take England in the 19th century...I mean, it was a very strong thing, it's like, you know, we wanted to show that actually, we are ruling the world on commerce and all the kinds of things, there was a deep motivation. And of course, also the pressures, you know, remember, the society was being very fractured, and we can't call growth in the 19th century in Britain very inclusive. [There was] a lot of change happening, and indeed, you know, very poor people I think actually initially didn't manage to take up. But especially if we come to the early 20th century became this kind of thing surely [where] development in the form of growth was also when it's a little bit broader shared, became quite part of it. And it's one of these things that when you look at politics, whether it's in the 1930s or 40s or 50s or now, whether it's in England or in America, actually growth and development, I won't take it for granted. People are voted out of office because they are not managing the economy well. There is a lot of political pressure in Europe now. And it's really political because ''oh you're not dealing with the cost of living crisis right or you're undermining the real income increases.'' You know, the US election, we ended up interpreting Trump as an election that actually [served] people [who] had stayed behind in the process of growth and development. Actually, in the politics of most richer countries, it's so much taken for granted that that's a big part of the narrative. So it's an interesting one (maybe, if I may) just to [use] China, I find it a really interesting one. Because, you know, the historical determinism is problematic there. And of course, some people would say, China should never have grown because it has the wrong institutions. But of course, it is growing fast. But if you think of a bit of what would be historical institutions that are relevant? China has had centralized taxation for 2000 years, a centralized bureaucracy for 2000 years, a meritocratic bureaucracy for 2000 years, you know, it actually had a history that actually acquired strong institutions. But funnily enough, when did it start? Just at the moment of deep weakness in the 1970s. When the Cultural Revolution had destabilised the legitimacy of the state, ideology was totally dominating, Mao died in the early 1970s and mid 1970s the Gang of Four came up, which was his widow, it was all turbulence. And actually lots of people thought China would disappear. It's at that moment, it picked up that kind of thing, you know, and actually, fundamentally, if you read all the statements of that periods, they became fundamentally committed, ''we need to make progress in our economy, that's our source of legitimacy.'' So even there there, that's where you see that actually really emerges and this became something that they needed to achieve - a fundamental commitment to growth and development as a form of getting legitimacy to the population. So in a very different way, as some of the other countries, but it's the same principle. Legitimacy of a lot of countries is equated with progress and growth and development, which is essentially a feature of a development bargain.Tobi; Obviously, all societies have some form of elite bargain. Not all elite bargains are development bargains. That's the gist of your book, basically. Now, what I'm trying to get at here is elite bargains that are not for development, that do not benefit the rapid progress of a society, how do they emerge? You talk about the agency of the people that are running the country at a particular point in time. To take Nigeria as an example, a lot of people will blame Nigeria's problems on colonialism. And I'm also quite intolerant of such arguments, at least up to a point. But what I'm trying to get at is that how do elite bargains that are not for development, how do they emerge? Is it via, also, the agency of the elites of those societies? Or are there features of a particular society that kind of determine the elite bargain that emerges? For example, sticking with Nigeria, a lot of people will argue that our elites and our institutions will think and look differently if we don't have oil.Stefan; Yes. Tobi; Right. The state will be less extractive in its thinking, the bureaucracy will be less predatory, right? A lot of people would argue that. So are there other underlying factors or features in a society that shape the kind of elite bargain that emerges, or this is just down to the agency of the people who find themselves with power and influence? They are just the wrong type of people.Stefan; So, Tobi, you make an excellent point here, and, so let's take this a little bit in turn. Leonard Wantchekon, the economic historian at Princeton, from Benin… he gave a nice lecture not so long ago, at Yale, it's on YouTube. And he made this very helpful statement, and he said, you know, if it's between history and agency, I would put 50% history 50% agency, okay. And I will actually add to it [which] is that depending on where you are, history is a little bit more or a little bit less. And so clearly, and he was talking about Africa in general, colonialism will matter. It has shaped your institutions and, you know, the way countries have emerged and the way they decolonized, all these things will have mattered, and they make it harder and easier and so on. But you alluded to it as well [that] at some level, it's already a long time ago now. Of course, it's still there, but it's a long time ago. So over time agency should become much more important. The point though, that you raise about oil makes a lot of sense. So the problem with a development bargain is that actually for a political elite, and for a business elite, dare I say for a military elite, the status quo is, of course, very convenient. Status quo is something that is very convenient because it involves very few risks. So the problem with growth typically is that, actually, new elites may emerge, a new type of business elites may emerge, they may question the economic elite that exists. As a result, it may change the politics. And in fact, if you go back to history, as we were saying, of course, that's the history of Britain where all the time, you know, there has been a shift of who is the elite, there's always a new elite, but it's shifting. So growth is actually a tricky thing. Because it actually, in that sense, changes relative positions in society. Now, that's obviously the case in every society. But it will even more so if the status quo is actually quite of relative affluence, if the status quo is actually quite a comfortable position to be. Now if you have natural resources, you don't need growth, to be able to steal. You can just basically control the resources that come out of the ground. And so your supply chain for stealing money can be very short, you don't have to do a very complicated game. If you need to get it from growth in the economy, it's much more complicated, and it's much more risky. Okay. And so it's not for nothing, that actually clearly, more countries that didn't have natural resources in recent times, over short periods of time, managed to actually get development bargains and basically leads gambling on it. Because actually, the status quo was not as lucrative as the status quo can be if you have a lot of oil or other minerals. And so you're right, and it makes it just really hard...and it actually means in fact [that] even well-meaning parts of the business elite in Nigeria will find it very hard to shift the model entirely. Because you know, you are a business elite, because you benefit from the system one way or another. I'm not saying that you steal, but it's just [how] the economy is based in Nigeria on a lot of non-tradables, is helped with the fact that you have so much to export from oil and so you end up importing a lot, but you can also keep your borders closed or anything you feel like keeping the borders closed for. And that helps for a lot of domestic industries, because protectionism, you know, you do all the things. So the system self sustains it. And with oil, there is not that much incentives to change it. So yes, it is actually harder if you have natural resources to actually reengineer the system to actually go for growth and development. So yes, it is the case. But it hasn't stopped certain countries from not going that route. You know, Malaysia has oil? Yes, it's not a perfect development bargain. But it has done remarkably well. Indonesia, in its early stages, also had oil in the 1970s as an important part, it managed this kind of relationship, and then maybe come the agency in it, you know, do we get enough actors that actually have the collective ability to shift these incentives enough to start promoting more outward orientation, try to export some new things from your country, all that kinds of stuff? And that is indeed what happened in Indonesia. There in the early 1970s, they had oil, but they also learned to export shoes and garments early on, they took advantage of good global situations. And Nigeria didn't, you know, and then agency comes into it, you know, the managers of both the politics and the relationship between politics and business, including from the military, they went in a particular route, and they had choices and they didn't take them. I'm pretty sure if you go back and, you know, there will be moments of choice and we went for another - as people call it - political settlement... another equilibrium that actually didn't involve development and growth as the key part. So yes, it makes it harder. But the agency still, still matters.Tobi; From that point, my next question then would be, what shifts an elite bargain more? That's kind of like do question, right? What shifts an elite bargain? These questions do sound simple. And I'm sorry, but I know they are incredibly difficult to answer. Otherwise, you wouldn't have written an entire book about it. Right. So what shifts an elite bargain more towards development? I mean, you talked about China, we've seen it also in so many other countries where the country was going in a particular direction that's not really pro growth, pro-development, and then there's this moment where things sort of shifts. So it may be through the actions of particular actors or events that inform those. So what... in your experience as a development practitioner and looking at all these places...What are the factors that have the most influence in shifting the elite bargain? Is it just luck? I mean, when I think about China, what if Deng Xiaoping and his colleagues had actually lost that particular power struggle after the death of Mao? So did they get lucky? Is it luck? What's going on?Stefan; You know, I wouldn't use title of gambling but there has to be a little bit of luck involved as well, you know, the circumstances have to play in your direction. But it's not just luck. Okay. So it's an interesting thing when you look at a couple of the countries, what were the moments that people within the elite managed to shift it in another direction? So. China is interesting because it was going through conflict, not deep conflict or violent conflict, but there was a lot of instability in China at the time, at the end of the Cultural Revolution in that period. Other countries like Bangladesh came out of conflict. And so conflict, definitely, or coming out of conflict creates a moment. But of course, there are lots of countries that come out of conflict that make a mess of it. It's a window of opportunity. And it probably is linked with something related to it, which is legitimacy. When you come out of conflict, most of the time, leaders need to reestablish legitimacy. This is clearly something that happened to Rwanda coming out of the genocide, Kagame clearly had to establish legitimacy, you know, he represented a very small group of people within the country and he needed to get legitimacy overall and he chose growth and development to doing that. I think Ethiopia is similar, that actually Meles Zenawi coming from Tigray, he needed, you know, post 2000, coming out of the Eritrean war at a time, and all kinds of other crisis that he was facing in his own party even, he needed to get legitimacy, and they thought he could get legitimacy for his regime through growth and development. So legitimacy-seeking behavior can be quite important. Now it has another side to it. If there's a crisis of legitimacy, that's the moment when the leader can actually take advantage of it. A crisis of legitimacy is actually saying, ''Well, look, we better go to something that begins to deliver to people.'' And why I'm actually suggesting it is that actually, there are in certain countries, a bit of pressure from below also seems to be quite useful. But there is a role there and I find it very hard to define exactly because I'm always scared of autocrats and so on. But the point of leadership is there. So I don't mean it as the strong leader, but more to do with the kind of group of people that manages to take other people along and convince them that is the kind of thing that they need to do. So if you go to Indonesia, I don't think it was Suharto personally, who was the great thinker there that did it. But he clearly surrounded himself with a group of people that included technocrats and also other people from politics, that actually managed to push this in a particular direction in doing it. So how do we get it? While it is actually people taking advantage of windows of opportunity to actually nudge towards it? Okay. But it's hard. We're talking Nigeria, other people have asked me questions about Brazil, about India, you know, large countries like yours with very complicated elite bargains that have national and state level things and so on... it's really complicated. Rwanda in that sense is well defined, you know, we have one well-defined problem and, you know, we could go for a particular model. It can be quite complicated to have some ideas on that on Nigeria, but maybe we can come to that a bit later.Tobi; So, I'm curious. I know you didn't cover this in your book. So let me let you speculate a bit on the psychology of elite bargains or development bargains specifically now. Given that I've also tried to look at some of the societies that you described, and even some others that you probably didn't mention, I don't think there's been a society yet where this is a gamble true, but where the elites have sort of lost out by gambling on development. So why don't we see a lot more gambles than we are seeing currently?Stefan; Actually, unfortunately, we see gambles that go wrong. I mean, for me, and I've worked a lot on Ethiopia, Ethiopia as a gamble that went wrong at the moment. And Ethiopia... you know, just think a little bit of what happened and maybe typify a little bit in a very simplistic way the nature of the gamble. You know, you had a leader under Meles Zenawi, under the TPLF - the Tigray and rebel group - where in the end the dominant force in the military force that actually took power in 1991. And they stayed dominant, even though they only represent, you know, five 6% of the population, they remain dominant in that political deal. Though other groups joined, but militarily, it was the TPLF that was the most powerful. So it also meant that the political deal was always fragile because in various periods of time, you know, my very first job was teaching in Addis Ababa University so I was teaching there 1992 93... you know, we have violence on the streets of students that were being actually repressed by the state, they were demonstrating against the government. You know, over time, we have various instances where this kind of legitimacy, the political legitimacy of that regime was also being questioned. Now, one of the gambles that Meles Zenawi took was to actually say, look, there's a very fragile political deal, but I'm actually going to get legitimacy through growth and development. So he used development as a way of getting legitimacy for something that politically and you know, just as Nigeria is complicated, Ethiopia is complicated with different nationalities, different balances between the regions, that he actually wasn't quite giving the space for these different nationalities to have a role, but he was gambling on doing it through growth and development. How did this go wrong? You know, I kept on spending a lot of time, but in the 2010s after Meles Zenawi died, very young from illness, the government still tried to pursue this. But actually, increasingly, they couldn't keep the politics together anymore. They were almost a different nationality, they were always on the streets, there was lots of violence and so on. And then in the end, you know, the Tigrayans lost power in the central government, and then, of course, we know how it escalated further after Abiy. But in some sense, the underlying political deal was fragile and the hope was that through economic progress, we could strengthen that political deal to legitimacy. That gamble is fine. Now it's a very fractured state and unfortunately, all the news we get from the country is that it's increasingly fractured. And I don't know how we'll put it together again. So that's a gamble that failed. Now, we know more about it. And it was very visible because it lasted quite a long time. Many of these gambles may actually misfire if they don't pick the right political moments. You know, if you don't do it at the right moment, and if you're a little bit unlucky with global circumstances, you fairly quickly could get into a bit of trouble politically, and whatever. For example, with the high inflation we have in virtually every country in the world now, it is clearly not the moment to gamble. It's extremely risky, [and] fragile, and your opponents will use it against you. So it's another thing like, you know, we don't see them gambling, you know, there are relatively few windows of opportunities at which you can gamble. And there are some that will go wrong. And even some that I described as successes, you know, we don't know whether they will last, whether they will become the new Koreas. I'm cautious about that. So, we need to just see it a little bit. Although I don't see Nigeria taking that gamble. So that's another matter.Tobi; No, no. I mean, that's where I was going next. Let me talk to you a bit about the role of outsiders here. We're going to get the aid discussion later. So currently in Nigeria, obviously, the economy has been through a lot in the last several years, a lot of people will put that firmly into the hands of the current administration. Rightly so. There were some very terrible policy choices that were made. But one point that I've quite often made to friends is that, to borrow your terminology, I don't think Nigeria was under the influence of a development bargain that suddenly went astray seven years ago. We've always been heading in this direction, some periods were just pretty good. And one of those periods was in the mid to late 2000s, when the economy seemed to be doing quite well, with high oil prices and also, the government actually really took a stab at macro-economic reforms. But if also you look carefully at the micro-history of that period, you'll see the influence of, should I say, outside legitimacy, you know, trying to get the debt forgiveness deal over the line and, you know, so many other moves that the government was making to increase its credibility internationally was highly influential in some of those decisions and the people that were brought into the government and some of the reform too. And my proof for that when I talk to people is to look at the other things that we should have done, which, we didn't do. We had the opportunity to actually reform either through privatization, a more sustainable model of our energy policy - the energy industry, generally. Electricity? People like to talk about telecommunications and the GSM revolution, but we didn't do anything about electricity, we didn't do anything about transportation. Infrastructure was still highly deficient and investment was not really serious, you know. So it was not... for me, personally, it was not a development bargain. Now, my question then would be, could it have been different if some of the outside influences that are sometimes exerted on countries can be a bit more focused on long-term development, as opposed to short-term macro-economic reforms on stability? You know, institutions like the IMF, the World Bank, I know they have their defined mandates, but is it time for a change? I think they actually have a lot more influence than they are using currently.Stefan; You make extremely valid points. And I think I will broadly agree with you with what you just implied. And I'll take a stance on it now. So the first thing, of course, and you correctly saw that something very misleading in Nigeria's growth figures is that periods of high growth are not at all linked to much action by economic policymakers. But it's still largely linked to oil prices. And we have this unfortunate cyclical behaviour in policymaking. Where the behaviour when prices are really good, is just always missing taking advantage of the opportunity. While when things are bad, we're talking about all kinds of things one ought to be doing but then saying, ''we can't do it because the prices are low.'' And so there is this kind of strange, asymmetric thing about policymaking that we always have the best ideas when we can't do them, and then we don't have the ideas we should have when the going is good. And this is in a way what you're alluding to. Of course, the role of outsiders that gets very interesting is what these outsiders were focusing on, actually, I think it was in the interest of the, call them, semi-outsider inside government...some of these technocrats that were brought in. And I can understand it entirely, you know, there were some really sensible finance ministers at various moments and so on. They were focused on actually things that were relatively easy in that period. So they were actually relatively easy, because the going was quite good. And so actually you created that strange impression, and it's a little bit like together with the outsiders, with World Bank, IMF, but actually, we're dealing with something really dramatic but, actually, we were not at all setting a precedent because it was actually, relatively... relatively politically low cost to do these things at that moment. Okay. So it was progress of sorts, you know, getting the debt relief, and so on. But arguably, you know, it's not a bad thing. But this actually was quite a low-hanging fruit and many of these organizations like these ideas of low-hanging fruits, because actually, politically, it played well, it increased the stature internationally of Nigeria...but, actually, it didn't really cost the elite much. It wasn't really hard for the elite to do these things. [If they did] the difficult things, they would really have started to change Nigeria. And so there is something there that I'm struck by the last sentence you said that some of these outsiders may be focusing on the wrong things. I think it has to be the insiders wanting to focus on these things, on these more difficult things. And then I do agree with you, the outsider should be smarter, and better able to respond to this. There's a problem with the outsiders here as well, take something that clearly you still struggle with and struggled forever with - electricity reform, the electricity sector. It's so complicated, and it's set up so complicated in all kinds of ways and whatever. So much inefficiency, so much waste that then it doesn't function and everybody, you know, complains about it. But it becomes politically very sensitive because there are definitely vested interests linked to it now and it becomes very hard to unravel it. Now the problem is if you ask typically a World Bank or an IMF for advice, they will make it very simple and say, Oh, just privatize the whole thing and do the whole thing. Now. You know that in a politically sensitive environment, you just can't privatize everything, so you privatize a little bit, but anything that's really with vested interests you won't touch. But these are the inefficient bits. So the easy prey, you privatize, and that's someone else making even more money off it because it's actually the efficient part of those systems that gets privatized, and then the inefficient part is still there and costs even more money. And so what I think these outsiders could do better is to have a better understanding of Nigeria's political economy, which is complicated at the best of times, but really understand, where can we start actually touching on something that we are beginning to touch on something vested interests that we begin to unravel a little bit some of the kind of underlying problem of, you know, politically connected business, you know, all the way to party financing or whatever...that you need to start unraveling somehow, where actually the underlying causes of inefficiency lie. Because the underlying causes of inefficiency are not just technical, they're actually not just economic. The underlying causes are these kinds of things. So I think why the outsiders did what they did at that time, it actually suited the government at the time, the technocratic ministers, that's the best they could do because that was the only mandate they had. Together with the outsider, they'd say, Well, that's certainly something we could do. But actually, fundamentally, you didn't really change that much. You don't still have then wherever it goes a bit bad, I'll get six or whatever exchange rates, and I'll get all kinds of other macroeconomic poor management, and, of course, nothing can happen when there's a crisis. There's no way we can do these more micro sector-specific reforms than doing it. So yeah, you're absolutely right. But let's not underestimate how hard it is. But starting to do the things that you refer to is where we need to get to to doing some of these difficult things.Tobi; The way I also read your book is that the two classic problems of political economy are still present, which is, the incentive and the knowledge problem. So I want to talk about the role of knowledge and ideas here. Let's even suppose that a particular group of elites at a particular time are properly incentivized to pursue a development bargain. Right? Sometimes the kind of ideas you still find floating around in the corridors of power can be quite counterproductive. A very revealing part of your book for me was when you were talking about the role of China. Also, I have no problem with China. The anecdote about Justin meme stood out to me quite well, because I could relate to it personally because I've also been opportuned to be at conferences where Justin Lin spoke, and I was slightly uneasy at how much simplification happens. I mean, just to digress a little bit, there was a particular presidential candidate in the just concluded primaries of the ruling party, I'm not going to mention the name, who is quite under the heavy influence of the China model. Right? Always consults with China, always meeting with Chinese economists and technocrats. And my reaction when he lost the primaries was ''thank god,'' right? Because what I see mostly in development thinking locally, I don't mean in academic circles, a lot of debates are going on in academics... is that the success of China and Asia more broadly has brought the State primarily into the front and centre. If you look at this current government, they will tell you seven years ago that they meant well. You know, judging by the Abba Kyari anecdotes where government should own the means of production. He may not believe that, like you said, truthfully, but you can see the influence of what has been called ''state-led development.'' In a state where there is no capable bureaucracy. The government itself is not even optimized to know the problem to solve or even how to solve that particular problem. Right. So broadly, my question is, if an elite chooses to pursue a development bargain, how does it then ensure that the right ideas, which lead to the right kind of policies, and maybe there might not even be the right policies - one of the things you mentioned is changing your mind quickly, it's an experimental process - but, you know, this process needs people who are open to ideas, who change their minds, who can also bring other people in with different ideas, you know, so this idea generation process in a development bargain, how can it be stable even if you have an elite consensus is that chooses to pursue development?Stefan; Look, it's an excellent question. And last week, or 10 days ago, when it was in Bangladesh, I was very struck that, you know, as a country I think that has the development bargain, there was a lot of openness. And you know, I was in the Ministry of Finance, and people had a variety of ideas, but they were all openly debated, there was not a kind of fixed mindset. And it is something that I've always found a bit unfortunate dealing with both politicians and senior technocrats in Nigeria. Nigeria is quickly seen as the centre of the world, there's nothing to learn from the rest of the world, we'll just pick an idea, and then we'll run with it and there's nothing that needs to be checked. And, you know, I love the self-confidence, but for thinking and for pursuit of ideas, you know, looking around and questioning what you hear whether you hear it from Justin Lin, who by the way, I don't think he's malign and he means well, he just has a particular way of communicating but it is, of course, a simplified story that you can simply get, and then you'll pick it up. And of course, if you ask the UK Government, the official line from London, they will also tell you there is only one model when they're purely official, but privately they will be a bit more open-minded, and maybe Chinese officials don't feel they have that freedom to privately encourage you to think a bit broader and so you have maybe a stricter line. So how do we do that? I think we can learn something here from India in the 1970s and 1980s. So when India after independence, it had a very strict set of ideas. In that sense, India was as a child of its time as a state, you know, state control, state-led development, there were strong views around it and India ended up doing a lot of regulation. They used to refer to India as the License Raj. Like a whole system based around licensing and everything was regulated by the state. So the state had far too much say in terms of the activity, despite the fact that the underlying economy was meant to be very entrepreneurship and commerce-led, but you had a lot of licensing rules, and so on. And of course, its growth stayed very low in the 1970s and 80s, it was actually very stagnant. It changed in the 1990s. Partly came with a crisis - in fact, a balance of payments crisis - it needs to reform and Manmohan Singh was the finance minister, then, later on, he became maybe a less successful Prime Minister. But as a finance minister in the early 90s, he did quite amazing things. And then during the 90s, gradually, every party started adopting a much more growth-oriented, more outward-oriented type of mindset. Now, why do I say this? Because actually, during the 1970s, and 80s, you had think-tanks, all the time pushing for these broader ideas. It took them 20 years. But there were really well-known think-tanks that kept on trying to convince people in the planning commission, economists in the universities and so on. And to critically think, look, there must be other ways. So actually, funnily enough, in India, it has a lot to do with the thinking and the public debates, that initially the politicians didn't take up, but actually found the right people to influence... you know, you actually have still in the civil service some decent technocrats there, they don't get a chance. But there are decent people, I know some of them and so on. But there needs to be a feeding of these ideas. And actually, this is where I would almost say there's a bit of a failing here, in the way the public discourse is done [in Nigeria] and maybe voices like you, but also more systematically from universities from think tanks and so on to actually feed and keep on feeding these ideas. There is a suggestion [by] Lant Pritchett - you know he's a former Harvard economist, he is now in the UK - [who] wrote this very interesting paper and he said, some of these think tanks who are actually getting a little bit of aid money here and there and he said, that's probably the best spent aid money in India ever. Because the rate of return and he calculates this number is like 1,000,000%, or something. Because he basically says the power of ideas is there. And I do think there is something there that I'm always surprised by that there are some very smart Nigerians outside the country, they don't really get much of a hearing inside the country, then there are some that are actually inside the country, the quality of debate is maybe not stimulated to be thinking beyond. It has to do probably with how complicated your country is, and of course, the Federal status plays a role. I just wonder whether maybe this is something that needs to start in particular states. You know, there are some governors that are a little bit more progressive than others. Maybe it is actually increasing and focusing attention over this on a few states to get the debate up to a high level and to actually see what they can do and maybe it's where the entry point is, but you need ideas I agree with you and I do worry at times about the kind of critical quality... there are some great thinkers in Nigeria, don't get me wrong, but the critical quality of ideas around alternative ways of doing the economy and so on, and that they get so easily captured by simple narrative, simple national narratives that are really just too simple to actually pursue. I mean...yeah.Tobi; That's quite deep. That's quite deep. I mean, just captures my life's mission right there. It's interesting you talked about Lant Pritchett and the question of aid, which is like my next line of question to you. There was this brief exchange on Twitter that I caught about the review of your book in the guardian, and the question of aid came up. I saw responses from Martin Ravallion, from Rachel Glennerster, I'm not sure I'm pronouncing her name right. So it's sort of then brings me to the whole question of development assistance, aid, and the way intervention has now been captured by what works. One fantastic example I got from your book is on Bangladesh, and how both systems work. You know, there's a broad development bargain, it's not perfect, nothing is, no society is. And there's the pursuit of economic growth. And also, it's a country where aid money and all forms of development assistance is quite active, and is quite huge, and it's actually quite effective. Now, my question is that basic insight from your book, which is for aid spending to be a little bit more biased, not your word... a little bit more bias to countries that have development bargains broadly? Why is that insight so difficult for, I should say, the international NGO industry to grasp? Why is it elusive? Because the status quo, which I would say, I don't mean to offend anybody, but which I will say is also aided by development economists and academics who have sort of put methodology and evidence above prosperity, in my view... because what you see is that, regardless of how dysfunctional the country is, broadly, the aid industry just carves out a nice niche where they do all sorts of interventions, cash transfers, chickens and, of course, you can always do randomized control trials and you say you have evidence for what works. But meanwhile you don't see the broad influence of some of these so-called assistants in the country as a whole. And these are institutions who proclaim that they are committed to fighting extreme poverty and we know what has vastly reduced poverty through history has always been economic growth and prosperity. So why is this elusive? Have those agencies and international development thinking itself been captured?Stefan; Look, I think I should make you do my interviews in the future. Yeah. So I've got to hire you to give...Because, look, I've been inside the aid industry and, in fact, the two people that you mentioned, you know, I would call them my friends, although one of them clearly is very cross at me at the moment. But you know, these are people I've worked with, and so on. And I am worried that there is such an obsession within the aid industry to prove their effectiveness. And I know I've been under pressure, you know, I've worked in it and sitting in London and getting your newspapers to say you're wasting all this money. It's really affecting a lot of people. And it was really hardwork for these 10 years that I sat inside it. But it's about just the humility that you just described, you know, and I want to make this distinction between...I'm about to make two distinctions. So the first one is - you made it well, even Bangladesh, something is going on. And you know, with all the imperfections, the government is trying to do something, and largely by staying to some extent out of the way. And there's some good stuff happening. So there's growth picking up and so on. So you can do all kinds of things. And I think aid in Bangladesh has been great at trying to make sure that the growth that was taking place in that country was a bit more inclusive than it probably would have been. I think it's great. And I think the aid industry should be proud of it. There is a great book that I quote as well also by Naomi Hossein and she calls it The Aid Lab and this is a bit like in praise of it. You know, if we do it carefully with some community and complement what's going on in a country that is deeply poor, you know, you can actually do really good things. Because in the book, I also mentioned Ghana that, actually, aid has been pretty effective because something had begun to change in the 90s, and so on. And we can question that to some extent and, of course, it's none of this perfection. But if you then come to a country where, you know... probably the two of us agree [that] there is some form of stagnation in that kind of [country], there's no development bargain, the elite bargain doesn't really push everything forward. Just be humble to say, look, I have a little niche, and there will be some chicken farmers that are happier, we'll do some good things in health... in health, actually, it's quite straightforward to do good things. But they are to call these good things, don't classify this as if you are leading the fight against extreme poverty, leading the fight against the change in these countries. Because, actually, if the local elite is not leading their change, and those people who have the power and influence not leading their change, the best you can do is doing good things. So I'm happy for us to be able to say we do good things. And it led me in the context of an interview to say like in India, as doing a lot of good things means that aid was actually in itself quite irrelevant, because the real change came, as I described in the 90s, actually, there was a real shift in gear, and suddenly their own development spending became gradually more effective. And of course, you can help them then to make it more effective. But, you know, I was a bit sad, and Martin Ravallion now took issue with it and wanted to emphasize... you know, and I don't want us to ever say, look, we did it. I mean, it's such a lack of humility I'll say this. At some point, we may have been supportive of doing it, but it's always the countries that did it. And the people there that did it. And other times just be humble and say, well, we may be doing something reasonably good, we may improve health outcomes, education outcomes, but not necessarily the whole country may do it in the schools that we work in, or whatever. And it's, that's good, you know, that's just as there are Nigerians that do good things via their own organizations and so on, they do good things. And it's probably teachers in the country, within the state schools that do some of these good things in the best practice stuff. And so yeah, they improve things, but overall, have the humility to say you're not changing Nigeria, because unfortunately, Nigeria is not being changed at the moment.Tobi; So my question then would be, is it reflective of the current intellectual climate in development economics where randomized control trials, they pursue...I know Lant Pritchett has really come down quite heavily on this particular movement, though, sometimes he seems to be the only one standing, maybe not quite literally true and I'll give you two examples from Nigeria, right? In 2012, when the anti subsidy-removal protests broke out, when the government on the first day of January removed fuel subsidy and prices suddenly went up. And the labour movement, the student movement, opposition politicians mobilized the population against that particular move. Some form of resolution that the current president at that time reached was to do what they call a partial removal of subsidy, you know, prices will go up a little bit and the government then did a scheme - an entrepreneurship scheme - where you submit a business plan and you're paid to get $50,000 to do a business.And I read a particular study by David Evans of the World Bank of how fantastically successful this particular scheme was, and of course, no doubt, it was successful. I mean, if you get $50,000 to do business in Nigeria, that's a lot of money. I don't need econometric analysis to know that, but maybe some people do. But the truth is, if you look today, I can bet you that a lot of those businesses are probably dead now due to how the economy as sort of evolved after that. Secondly, at the time we were having these debates and protests in 2012, the subsidy figure there was $8 billion annually, today it is $15 billion. So if you say you have evidence that something works, what exactly is your time horizon for measuring what works? And if you say something works, works in whose benefit, really? The most recent example was in 2018, 2019, where the government was given a small amount of money to small retailers, they call it Trader Moni. I'm sure there were World Bank officials and economists (I have a lot of respect for them) who are measuring the effectiveness of this thing. But you could see clearly that what was politically going on was the government doing vote buying. Right? So if you say something work, works for whom? Right? That was my response to Rachel on Twitter, but she didn't reply me. My question then to you... Sorry, I'm talking too much... Is this reflective of the current intellectual climate in development economics? Stefan; So yes and no? Okay. So, well, i'm going to have to be very careful. Of course, Rachel...I know her very well. And, actually, I have not that many gripes with her. She comes out of, indeed, the whole school of RCTs. By the way, I also actually do RCTs. I like it as a tool to actually study things. And I'll explain in a moment a bit more. So I do these randomized control trials as well. But I am very, very sympathetic. And I actually totally agree with your frustration around this idea to creating that impression about what works. You know, I have it in the book, I even mentioned it, there was a particular minister that at some point announced we're only going to spend our money on what works, you know, like a great slogan, as if you have all the answers, you know what to do. And of course, there is a technical meaning to it. Technical meaning would mean, if I do something and if you haven't done it, what would have been the outcome? And the paper that you refer on the entrepreneurship, this entrepreneurship for the $50,000... I know actually the research very well, the original was from David McKenzie and then other people commenting on it. Yes, relative to a counterfactual, yes, it was actually much bigger than an alternative scheme, you know, then that's something. So you could say, well, you know, as a research question, as a researcher, I find it interesting. From a policy point of view, I'm so much more cautious. And I'm totally with you. You know, first of all, in the bigger scheme of things, how tiny maybe it be... now there are some people who would say, well, we don't know anything, really, what to do in this whole messy environment so at least [to] have something that does a bit better than other things is maybe a useful thing to know. I think it comes back to that humility. As a research tool, it's great at getting exact answers. As a policy tool, I think we need to have much more humility. Because are these ideas tha totally transforms everything, that is actually makes a huge difference? Not really. It probably means that we can identify a little bit and I think even Pritchard wouldn't disagree with [that] sometimes a few things are a little bit better than other things. And if we want to do good, maybe it's helpful in medicine whether we know whether we should spend a bit more money on X or on Y, that it actually does a little bit better in the functioning of a health facility or not, if we spent a bit more money on that practice or on that practice, same in teaching in the school, if we do a little bit more of that in a very constrained environment than something else, that's useful, it doesn't change dramatically. And I categorize it with doing good. With humility, if we do good, it's helpful to know which things are a bit better than other things...when we try to do good. It's an interesting thing, even in Rachel's thread, she actually used it, we can still do quite a lot of good with aid. Actually, funnily enough, I don't disagree that deeply with her and say, Yeah, we may be able to do it good, but don't present it as if we, in the bigger scheme of things, which is where you're getting that, make any difference. And this is where I'm also sympathetic with Lant in saying, Look, sometimes we seem to be focusing on the small trivial things and yeah, it's useful to know but meanwhile the big picture is what you were describing, there's so much going on and, actually, nothing changes there. And so I categorize it in a bit of the same thing. Because I'll now give you an account, which is then go to Bangladesh again. Look, I think it was extremely useful in Bangladesh at some point to really have ... an RCT - a randomized control trial. So really careful evidence to show that a particular program that BRAC, the biggest NGO in the world, the local NGO, was actually what it was actually doing to the ultra-poor. In fact, two weeks ago, I was visiting the program again. And I find it really interesting because it's really helpful for BRAC to know that that program, when I do it in a careful evaluation relative to other things, that actually this program is really effective. And that, actually, we know for BRAC that they can have so much choices to spend their money on poverty alleviation, the things that we can dream up, to actually know this is actually a really good thing. And why of course does it work? Well, it works relative to doing nothing, but of course, it helps in Bangladesh {that] growth is taking place and it actually can get people to become [a big] part of it. In fact, I was visiting people that, whether we use a Nigerian or Bangladeshi definition of extreme poverty, they wouldn't have been in that state 10 years ago and so this is their being six, seven years in that program, and it was really interesting that I was sitting into some interviews they were doing, and I looked over my shoulder, and they now had a TV and a fridge. And I say, okay, an extremely poor person in Bangladesh would not have had this. So there's clearly something happening. Now, that's not simply because of the program. It's also because the whole country is improving. But I'm pretty sure and what the data showed is that those who actually had a program would have found it a bit easier to take part in that progress. And I'm pretty sure that the TV, and the fridge, probably was helped, to some extent, by the programme. In fact, we have very good evidence in the kind of evidence that Rachel Glennerster talks about. So again, I think it's all about a bit of humility, and understanding better what we mean by it. And to be honest, I think there are lots of people who work in that field that are careful with it. And that actually will do it, use it well. It gets just really worrying that people, often more junior people than Rachel, they've never really been in the field properly and then they make massive statements. So they work in big organizations, and they use that evidence, overuse it and overstate it. I think Rachel is actually careful, even her thread was very careful, although your question is a very good one. But it's very careful. But it still allows other people to overinterpret this whole thing. And then I get really worried. I'm actually going to put out a thread on Twitter in the coming days where I'm going to talk about tribalism in development economics... where I'm good to deal with your question as well because I think the way the profession has evolved is that you need to be in one tribe or another, otherwise, you're not allowed to function. I think, you know, you need to be eclectic, you know, no one has this single answer. And there's too much tribalism going on, much more than I've ever known before. You know, you need to be Oh, a fan of that, or you need to be the historical approach, or the Political Economy approach, and the whole... we should learn from all these bits. That's the idea of knowledge that you learn from... as much as possible from the progress in different parts of a discipline, or in thinking.Tobi; I'm glad to have caught you on a free day because having a lot more time to have this conversation has made it quite rich for me personally, and I'm sure for the audience as well. So I just have a couple more questions before I let you get back to your day. The first of those would be...um, when I first became aware of your book on Twitter, it was via a Chris Blattman thread. And he mentioned something that I have also struggled with, both personally in my thought and, in my conversation with people. And somethin

FOLLOW UP: CLARIFICATION OF STROLL'S FORTUNEDuring the discussion of Geely buying a stake in Aston Martin, last week, we got the info about Stroll's fortune incorrect. He has made his money through fashion and sportswear brands. Thanks to listener, David Edmondson, for straightening us out. NEW CAR REGISTRATION FIGURES SEPTEMBER 2022September's New Car Registration figures are out. There is a rise, year on year, but do not forget, 2021 was the worst September since 2006 and down a third on 2019. Battery electric vehicles are up, though, just over 40%, and now have 14.5% market share. To read more, click here for the SMMT article. To see the breakdown via ‘what you put in it to make it go', click here for Tristan Young's Twitter thread. PERSONAL SAFETY STANDARDS AT EV CHARGERS DEMANDED Following an investigation in to the public's thoughts on personal safety at EV charging points, the Government is being urged to set minimum standards. Lighting, CCTV and emergency call buttons are all being requested. You can read more on this, by clicking the FleetNews link here. DEALER PLUG-IN GRANT REINSTATED BY UK GOVERNMENTEarlier this year the Government announced, with immediate effect, the ending of the plug-in grant for electric vehicles under £32, 000. They have now reinstated the £1500 saving for orders placed via dealers, but not for consumers applying directly themselves. The new window runs until 31 March 2023 and is due to supply constraints. More can be found here, by clicking the Autocar link. CITROËN OFFER REWARDS TO PHEV USERSSimilar to the BMW scheme, Citroën is offering rewards to users of their PHEV models who regularly charge their car and take advantage of what they offer in terms of electric only running. Details are yet to be released on exactly how the point system will work, but it is expected to start next year. For more, click the Autocar article link here. VW SIMULATING IPOS FOR OTHER BRANDSAfter the initial move of the Porsche IPO, the rest of the VW Group is now “simulating” IPOs for their specific brands. Following this test run, information will be presented on a market day. Click here to read the Reuters article further. NISSAN WANT RENAULT TO REDUCE STAKEDuring discussions between Renault and Nissan, over the hoped investment by the Japanese company in the new electrification unit also included a request that the French firm sells as much of its stake in Nissan as possible. More can be read here, by clicking the Reuters article link. AMAZON BUYING 20 ELECTRIC HGVS FROM VOLVOAmazon is buying 20 electric HGVs from Volvo, to help move their fleet away from the traditional diesel engine. This is only happening in Germany, at this time, but the expectation is for similar moves to occur across Europe. Click here for the Move Electric link. ASA ACTUALLY REJECT A MOTORING ADVERT COMPLAINTIn an astonishing move, the Advertising Standards Agency has reject a complaint about a Toyota advert, which claimed it ‘perpetuated harmful gender stereotypes'. In the advert, the submitted complaint asserted, the male voice was rational and knowledgable, whereas the female voice was stereotypically not those things. The ASA rejected this. Click here to read more from the AMOnline link. ——————————————————————————-If you like what we do, on this show, and think it is worth a £1.00, please consider supporting us via Patreon. Here is the link to that CLICK HERE TO SUPPORT THE PODCAST——————————————————————————-WRC: HYUNDAI PARTS WITH SOLBERG In another curious move from Hyundai, this year, they are parting ways with Oliver Solberg at the end of the season. The reason cited is that the team's future plans with WRC have changed. You can read more about this, by clicking the DirtFish article link here. David Evans also writes a very good piece, which you can read by clicking here, on DirtFish trying to make sense of what is going on at Hyundai. LUNCHTIME READ: OVERLANDING WITH CHRIS SCOTT Chris Scott is a renowned desert overloading expert, who has undertaken more than 50 expeditions in sandy environments. He chatted to the Toyota UK Magazine about his life and, of course, Land Cruisers. Wonderful read and some stunning photos accompanying the story, which you can read by clicking this link here. LIST OF THE WEEK: 11 CLASSIC CARS THAT DESERVE A COMEBACKWe are bringing you a lovely list of classic cars, that Antony Ingram and Hagerty believe should be brought back, in the current retro movement. Click here to run through the list and see if you agree with Alan on his choice. Don't forget to tell us what you would like to see back on the roads, in a modern interpretation. AND FINALLY: POLICE DEMAND STANDARD CAR GETS RETURNED TO STANDARDIn California, the police are asking for the impossible. They have deemed a Hyundai Elantra N's exhaust to not comply with noise regulations, which Hyundai disagree with most strongly. Added to which they have asked that the factory standard car be returned to factory standard condition. To read more, click the CarBuzz article link here.

The Great Brig Duclos is filling in for Fiji Brownless, All Sports Report for Kayo, when have you laughed hard at someone's misfortune?, Brig locked herself out of home, Tom Browne's trade news, David Evans' golf tournament, AFL approves the 4-team JHF trade, JB has been cancelled by Uber, Lehmo, A Classically bad Billy's JokeSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Kalle Rovanperä is the 2022 World Rally champion. Hear what he has to say about that, and what Colin Clark and David Evans make of what he's achieved

With this podcast we feature an interview and discussion from our friend and ethnomusicologist Dr David Evans who introduces 12 outstanding blues artists who knew and learned from early blues legend, Mr Tommy Johnson.

Colin Clark and David Evans recap Saturday's action on Rally New Zealand, a day of lead changes, crashes, and yet more penalties for Hyundai.

Colin Clark has a theory. Toyota, it's going to struggle in New Zealand. David Evans says that's nonsense. It's not long until we find out. Join Clark and Evans as they look ahead to Rally New Zealand 2022

Why M-Sport has left Fourmaux behind for New Zealand, the chances of a Craig Breen win and Toyota's recent struggles are all discussed in the latest episode with David Evans, Colin Clark, George Donaldson and Lisa O'Sullivan.

Bono est un chanteur mais aussi un entrepreneur. Né Paul Hewson en 1960 à Dublin, il rencontre Larry Mullen Jr en 1976 au lycée avec lequel il fonde un groupe de rock. Enfant rebelle, Paul s'est essayé à tout. Échecs, théâtre, sa vraie passion est le chant. Puis en 1976, il fonde un groupe de musique avec Larry Mullen Jr, Adam Clayton et David Evans (The Edge). Nommé Feedback qui devient The Hype puis U2 en 1978 , le groupe sous la houlette d'un Bono avec une voix très marquée, gagne un concours de concours mais ne sait pas chanter en studio. C'est l'arrivée de Paul Mc Guiness qui va les aider à se professionnaliser. Cet écossais au sens business aigu transforme le groupe. Puis ils signent chez Island Record pour 4 albums. 4 albums qui vont tout exploser. Boy avec leur single “I will follow”, puis War avec “Sunday Bloody Sunday”, ou enfin Joshua Tree avec “With or without you”. Le groupe devient mythique et commence des tournées dans le monde entier. Sa tournée, ZOO TV, à la suite de l'album Achtung Baby sorti en 1990 rapporte 67 millions de dollars. L'album, le plus vendu en 2000, All you can't leave behind cumule les prix. Mais Bono n'est pas seulement un chanteur mais un entrepreneur qui très tôt s'intéresse à la Silicon Valley. Il propose à Steve Jobs une des ses chansons gratuitement pour le lancement de l'Ipod puis fonde un fonds d'investissement, Elevation Partners. Il investit dans Yelp, Forbes… Mais tout n'est pas rose pour lui. Notes Christique - Paul Hewson, alias Bono, chanteur de U2 et businessman - Challenges Bono : le chanteur de U2 prend des parts de Facebook - Voici How Bono became a rock star of Silicon Valley | The Seattle Times LVMH tire un trait sur Edun, la marque fondée par Bono, le chanteur de U2 - Capital.fr https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bono#Business_ventures Bono's Got Bank: How U2 and Business Have Made the Irish Superstar a Very Wealthy Man - SELFi U2: Business et bonne cause s'entremêlent | L'Echo Bono (U2) est la popstar la plus riche au monde Bono - La biographie de Bono avec Gala.fr https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U2 U2, retour sur près d'un demi-siècle de succès - Nostalgie.fr The Tragic Real-Life Story Of U2 Bono - U2 Singer | Real Life Stories Band Aid — Wikipédia

Again, Dr David Evans joins us on this podcast as we focus for the second time on early major Blues Legend, Mr Charley Patton.

 A 49-year-old woman was recently sentenced to life in prison for her role in her pastor husband's death in 2021. Kristie Evans called Ada Police on March 22, 2021, around 1 a.m., to report that an intruder had broken into her home and shot her husband. Authorities discovered her husband, David Evans, with a fatal gunshot wound. He was declared dead at the scene. Authorities reportedly concluded that Kristie Evans and her alleged lover, 26-year-old Kahlil Square, collaborated to carry out the fatal shooting. On the day her husband was shot, Evans supplied the bullets and gun to Square. Evans and Square were arrested on March 25, 2021. Evans pleaded guilty on March 11, nearly a year later. Evans was sentenced to life in prison for first-degree murder on August 10, according to Pontotoc County court records. She will be held at the Oklahoma Department of Corrections. Evans admitted to authorities that she, her husband, and Square had previously had a sexual relationship, but Square and Kristie Evans allegedly had a separate sexual relationship outside of the throuple. 2 OLALLA, WA (TCD) – A 40-year-old man from the Tacoma area is accused of murdering a married couple and disposing of their bodies in a trash can on their porch. Kitsap County Sheriff's Office deputies responded to a call about "suspicious circumstances" at a home in the 12900 block of Shady Glen Avenue SE on Thursday, Aug. 18. The caller stated that she went to check on her parents at their home, but they were not there. She also allegedly saw signs of forced entry and blood. When Kitsap County deputies arrived on the scene, they discovered the two adults dead on the property, which they described as a "gruesome discovery." Steven and Mina Shulz, both 51, died as a result of "homicidal violence," according to the statement. On August 20, the Kitsap County Sheriff's Office named Shaun Rose as a suspect in the Shulzes' deaths and issued an arrest warrant for him. On August 21, he was arrested "after a struggle" at a gas station in Tacoma. Rose was seen driving a Buick sedan in Mason County by Kitsap County detectives and was pursued by Mason County deputies before being lost due to "erratic and dangerous driving on his part." Rose is accused of stealing another car in Pierce County and driving to Tacoma. Before going to the gas station, he allegedly got rid of that car. According to KCPQ-TV, investigators discovered the victims' bodies in a garbage can near their home's deck. They were allegedly shot to death. According to reports, Mina and Steven Shulz owned E2W Brewing and planned to open a brewery within the next month. According to the Tacoma News Tribune, Rose lived next to the Shulzes in an RV on a neighboring property. "This appears to be a random act of violence," said Kitsap County Deputy Prosecuting Attorney Alex Takos. According to jail records, he is being held without bail. 3 UTAH'S WEST VALLEY CITY (TCD) — Police are appealing to the public for assistance in locating a missing 99-year-old woman who they believe was murdered and then abandoned in the mountains. The West Valley City Police Department issued a statement encouraging people to search the area for evidence related to Maren Carlson's disappearance, especially now that autumn and hunting season are approaching, two popular times that "bring more Utahns to the mountains." Garman Shaun Cunningham, Carlson's grandson, police believe, murdered her and "disposed" of her body in the mountainous area. According to West Valley Police, on November 12, 2021, a woman called 911 to report that she had escaped after her husband, Cunningham, held her hostage in her home. Cunningham allegedly told the unnamed woman that he killed Carlson, who lived in their home. According to KSL-TV, the woman claimed Cunningham "beat her, cut her with knives, burned her with cigarettes, and cut her with broken glass." He allegedly strangled her "multiple times during her captivity," handcuffed her to a chair, threatened her with a gun, and strangled her "multiple times during her captivity." Cunningham allegedly shot his gun inside the house before fleeing with a sword when police arrived to arrest him. He was eventually pursued and apprehended by a K-9. According to court documents cited by KSL, Cunningham allegedly tried to smother Carlson before beating her. He allegedly caused her head to "cave in" and repeatedly threw her down the stairs. He is also accused of stabbing her with a piece of her broken walker and a steak knife. During the investigation, West Valley Police said detectives believe Cunningham dumped Carlson's body near the Uinta-Wasatch-Cache National Forest near SR 150 or SR 35. Several law enforcement agencies conducted searches for Carlson's body but were unable to locate her. Cunningham was arrested in December 2021 for aggravated murder, aggravated kidnapping, obstructing justice, aggravated assault, and illegal discharge of a firearm, according to reports. He allegedly committed suicide while in custody in March 2022. 4 PIERCE COUNTY, WASHINGTON (TCD) – A 30-year-old man thought he was meeting someone from a dating app when he was kidnapped, extorted, and forced to strip naked. A man called the Pierce County Sheriff's Office on Saturday, Aug. 20, to report he had been kidnapped and robbed, according to a statement. He allegedly stated that he went to an apartment in Parkland to meet with a woman he met on the dating app Plenty of Fish, and the woman "presented herself as being similar in age to the victim." After about five minutes, a man allegedly walked into the room, pointed a gun at the victim, and "ordered the victim to remove his clothes and give the suspect his money." The female suspect allegedly began photographing the naked victim. The two allegedly instructed the victim to transfer $6,000 via a cash app, but the transaction was rejected because it was flagged as a potential fraudulent charge. The suspects, on the other hand, persisted. "The suspects made the victim attempt numerous other transactions via various apps and even posed as the victim over the phone to try to get an account unlocked," according to the statement. After three hours, the male and female suspects allegedly "threatened to send the nude photos to everyone on the victim's contact list if he told anyone what happened." The victim approached authorities and collaborated with them to identify the two suspects. The following day, on Aug. 21, Pierce County Sheriff's Office deputies responded to a domestic violence assault call at the same address provided by the dating app victim from his incident. Deputies reportedly recognized the male suspect, and as they attempted to handcuff him, he allegedly reached into his pocket for a gun. He was apprehended before he could get the weapon. The man allegedly broke the door panel inside the patrol car while attempting to flee after moving the handcuffs to the front of his body. He is also said to have broken the seatbelt fastener. The male suspect was booked into the Pierce County Jail for first-degree robbery, kidnapping, extortion, unlawful possession of a firearm, and malicious mischief. His bail is set at $125,000 dollars. The female suspect, who is reportedly 19 years old, was arrested and charged with robbery, kidnapping, and extortion, with bail set at $50,000. When it comes to online dating, the Pierce County Sheriff's Office advises residents to "do your research and trust your instincts."If you like TRUE CRIME TODAY - Be sure to search and subscribe wherever you download podcasts! Apple Podcasts https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/true-crime-today-a-true-crime-podcast/id1504280230?uo=4 Spotify https://open.spotify.com/show/0GYshi6nJCf3O0aKEBTOPs Stitcher http://www.stitcher.com/podcast/real-ghost-stories-online-2/dark-side-of-wikipedia-true-crime-disturbing-stories iHeart https://www.iheart.com/podcast/270-Dark-Side-of-Wikipedia-Tru-60800715 Amazon https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/565dc51b-d214-4fab-b38b-ae7c723cb79a/Dark-Side-of-Wikipedia-True-Crime-Dark-History Google Podcasts https://www.google.com/podcasts?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly9hdWRpb2Jvb20uY29tL2NoYW5uZWxzLzUwMDEyNjAucnNz Or Search "True Crime Today" for the best in True Crime ANYWHERE you get podcasts! Support the show at http://www.patreon.com/truecrimetoday

A 49-year-old woman was recently sentenced to life in prison for her role in her pastor husband's death in 2021.  Kristie Evans called Ada Police on March 22, 2021, around 1 a.m., to report that an intruder had broken into her home and shot her husband. Authorities discovered her husband, David Evans, with a fatal gunshot wound. He was declared dead at the scene.  Authorities reportedly concluded that Kristie Evans and her alleged lover, 26-year-old Kahlil Square, collaborated to carry out the fatal shooting. On the day her husband was shot, Evans supplied the bullets and gun to Square.  Evans and Square were arrested on March 25, 2021.  Evans pleaded guilty on March 11, nearly a year later.  Evans was sentenced to life in prison for first-degree murder on August 10, according to Pontotoc County court records. She will be held at the Oklahoma Department of Corrections.  Evans admitted to authorities that she, her husband, and Square had previously had a sexual relationship, but Square and Kristie Evans allegedly had a separate sexual relationship outside of the throuple.  If you like TRUE CRIME TODAY - Be sure to search and subscribe wherever you download podcasts! Apple Podcasts https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/true-crime-today-a-true-crime-podcast/id1504280230?uo=4 Spotify https://open.spotify.com/show/0GYshi6nJCf3O0aKEBTOPs Stitcher http://www.stitcher.com/podcast/real-ghost-stories-online-2/dark-side-of-wikipedia-true-crime-disturbing-stories iHeart https://www.iheart.com/podcast/270-Dark-Side-of-Wikipedia-Tru-60800715 Amazon https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/565dc51b-d214-4fab-b38b-ae7c723cb79a/Dark-Side-of-Wikipedia-True-Crime-Dark-History Google Podcasts https://www.google.com/podcasts?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly9hdWRpb2Jvb20uY29tL2NoYW5uZWxzLzUwMDEyNjAucnNz Or Search "True Crime Today" for the best in True Crime ANYWHERE you get podcasts! Support the show at http://www.patreon.com/truecrimetoday

The treatment of Labour MP Apsana Begum should horrify any decent person. A self-identified survivor of domestic abuse, as journalist Rivkah Brown puts it, 'her mental and physical health ravaged by what she called “a sustained campaign of misogynistic abuse and harassment” culminating in a trigger ballot process overseen by friends of her ex-husband, the MP for Poplar and Limehouse was admitted to A&E and signed off work the next day.'But when Keir Starmer and Labour general secretary David Evans were emailed by an independent domestic violence advocate working with Refuge - which said "I believe what we are seeing in this current trigger process is a further extension of the abuse that she has already endured" - neither bothered to even reply.What does this tell us about the treatment of one of the few Muslim female Labour MPs - and if this was an MP on the right of the party, how different would her treatment and the media response be? We are joined by Rivkah Brown who talks us through this truly harrowing and disturbing case.Please subscribe - and help us take on the right-wing media here: https://patreon.com/owenjones84Support this show http://supporter.acast.com/the-owen-jones-podcast. Our GDPR privacy policy was updated on August 8, 2022. Visit acast.com/privacy for more information.

This week George Donaldson looks into what caused Oliver Solberg, Craig Breen and Esapekka Lappi's accidents on Rally Finland with the help of David Evans and Lisa O'Sullivan

 Rev. David Evans, bored with his love life, pressured his wife into a threesome that turned deadly. Wife Kristie took a liking to the 3rd side of the triangle and enlisted HIM to kill her husband. A ton comes out in the wash, including spousal abuse and airing the laundry of a very naughty preacher. ★Enjoy!★PLEASE RATE THE PODCAST: I'd like to as a quick favor - please rate/ review the Homicide Inc podcast if you haven't already. Click the stars (all 5 if you fancy) and leave a review if you would. https://podcasts.apple.com/jp/podcast/homicide-inc-classic/id1548239093?l=en★NEED MORE HOMICIDE INC.? Check out our PATREON campaign for exclusive Homicide Inc. podcasts available only to Patrons!https://www.patreon.com/petervongomm★THE HOMICIDE INC. WEBSITE is here! All podcasts are available on the website.https://www.homicide-inc.com★DISCORD CHAT! Want to chat about the Homicide Inc. podcasts and crime in general? Join us on our Discord server here.  https://discord.gg/peBqDfT6★ WHO AM I ?My name is Peter von Gomm and I'm a professional Voice actor and Narrator and in this podcast I'll be bringing you high quality True Crime that passes the test of time. You've come to the right place for a great story! ★PODCAST SUPPORTIf you like these Podcasts and would like to help support their production, please consider buying me a cup of coffee! This will help keep me wired for writing and recording these weekly podcasts, and contribute towards web and podcast hosting. Thanks very much indeed! :0)  buymeacoffee.com/petervongomm★STORY SUBMISSIONIf you have an INTRIGUING TRUE STORY to share and would like me to consider reading it in a podcast, please submit it to petervongomm.reads@gmail.com *It must be well-written please. ;0)★Homicide Inc. theme song by Christopher J. Ortonhttps://www.fiverr.com/meandamic*Guitars played by Joao Corceirohttps://www.fiverr.com/joaocorceiroSOURCES for this podcasthttps://www.thedailybeast.com/ada-pastor-david-evans-killed-wife-kristie-and-lover-kahlil-deamie-square-charged-with-murderhttps://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-9766095/Woman-begged-lover-26-kill-pastor-husband-claims-abuse.htmlhttps://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/his-killing-was-described-love-triangle-gone-wrong-what-happened-n12729https://www.fox23.com/news/trending/oklahoma-pastor-killed-plot-by-wife-their-partner-motel-threesomes-authohttps://genius.com/William-bell-tryin-to-love-two-lyrics#murder #truecrime #pastorevans #podcast #truestory #homicide #homicideinc #crime #investigative #killer #horror #truecrimepodcast #truecrimecommunity Support the show

Colin Clark and David Evans discuss all the major action from the first full day of Rally Finland.

Ott Tänak and Kalle Rovanperä are split by just 8.4 seconds. It's game on for tomorrow. Who's going to win? David Evans and Colin Clark give their take

The World Rally Championship rolls into points leader Kalle Rovanperä's home nation this week – Finland. Can anyone beat him on his home turf? David Evans, Colin Clark, George Donaldson and Lisa O'Sullivan discuss.

A Christadelphian Video Production: CHRISTADELPHIANVIDEO.ORG, a worldwide collaboration by Christadelphians to help promote the understanding of God's Word to those who are seeking the Truth about the Human condition and God's plan and Purpose with the Earth and Mankind upon it. Christadelphianvideo.org is an online tool for establishing just how far removed today's mainstream Christianity is from the 'True Christian Teachings' of the 1st Century Apostles. You can follow us online at.. Some of our other services.. #1 Our Main site... https://cdvideo.org #2 Our podcast on android... https://cdvideo.org/podcast #3 Our podcast on Apple...https://cdvideo.org/podcast-apple #4 Our facebook...https://facebook.com/OpenBibles #5 Our Whats App... http://cdvideo.org/WhatsApp #6 Our Instagram... http://cdvideo.org/Instagram #7 Our twitter... http://cdvideo.org/twitter #8 Our YouTube Channel... http://cdvideo.org/youtube Watch / read / Listen to other thoughts for the day on our site here https://christadelphianvideo.org/tftd/ #Christadelphianvideo #christadelphianstalk #Christadelphians #openbible #cdvideo #bibleverse #thoughts #thoughtoftheday #meditate #think #christadelphian #God #truth #faith #hope #love #cdvideo #Gospeltruth #truebibleteaching #thegospelmessage #thegospeltruth #firstprinciples #bibletruth #bibleunderstanding #exploringthebible #thoughtfortheday --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/christadelphians-talk/message

Kalle Rovanperä is running away in the WRC title race – but is having a new series superstar helpful or harmful in the long run? David Evans, Colin Clark and George Donaldson discuss Rovanperä, Rally Estonia and New England Forest Rally in the latest SPIN episode.

David Evans is a professional mma fighter. Connect with David on Instagram As always, be sure to give the show a follow on Instagram,  Facebook,  TikTok and Twitter We also now have merch! Get yours here! For the Video Experience of the show, follow us on YouTube Head over to our Website and join the Mailing List to stay up to date on guests, episode release dates, articles and more! And make sure you connect with Adam on Instagram Big Thank You to our Sponsors: Strange Donuts. "Be Nice. Stay Strange" Follow on Instagram, Facebook and Twitter Imposed Will. #WeAreImposedWill #ImposeYourWill Follow on Instagram, Facebook, TikTok and Twitter 

Heading to the Goodwood Festival of Speed this weekend? Of course you are. David Evans and Rob Hansford tell you what you can expect from DirtFish at the famous festival

There is plenty to learn from the British in terms of classic style, especially for those who are interested in the outdoors. On this episode of the Dogwatch, we speak with David Evans, the man behind the Grey Fox Blog, one of the early style blogs and a mainstay of classic British lifestyle commentary. David is frequently featured in the media, and you can see his take on summer style this past week in the UK's The Daily Telegraph.  In our conversation, David talks with us about the roots of classic British outdoor and casual wear, tweed and its production in Britain, as well as dogs and Land Rovers. We also discuss the ways in which we can strive toward a more sustainable approach to clothing and style.At the time of this recording I asked David about his dog Harry, and anyone who follows the Grey Fox on Instagram will know Harry from his frequent appearances. Just days after our conversation, Harry passed away unexpectedly. This was obviously very difficult for David and his family. Today's episode of the Dogwatch is dedicated to Harry, and the positive energy and love that dogs can bring to us in this world in the ways that Harry did. So here's to Harry, and our thoughts go out to David as well.

We just announced here at Curzio Research: We're partnering with TCG World to purchase $5 million worth of land in its metaverse. In September, TCG will launch what I believe to be the best metaverse in existence. Regular listeners have heard me talk about the enormous opportunity the metaverse offers early investors.  But today, you get to hear it directly from David Evans, the CEO of TCG World.  David shares what attracted him to the metaverse… how it differs from other virtual worlds… and how it will soon blend with real life. He also highlights his vision for TCG World and the metaverse over the next several years—including how it will give all users the ability to profit. In this episode: Our historic metaverse deal is official [0:30] David's vision for TCG World [6:10] How the metaverse gives users a global opportunity for success [12:30] Why metaverse real estate is seeing strong demand [23:50] Commercial real estate is key to the metaverse [38:15] [42:50] Enjoyed this episode? Get Wall Street Unplugged delivered FREE to your inbox every Wednesday: https://www.curzioresearch.com/wall-street-unplugged/ Wall Street Unplugged podcast is available at: --: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/wall-street-unplugged-frank/ -- : https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/curzio-research/wall-street-unplugged-2 -- : https://www.curzioresearch.com/category/podcast/wall-street-unplugged/   : https://twitter.com/frankcurzio :. https://www.facebook.com/CurzioResearch/ : https://www.linkedin.com/in/frank-curzio-690561a7/ : https://www.curzioresearch.com

Today's Oddcast - Beyond the Headlines: Kristie Evans (Airdate 4/28/2022) Notes: It's no secret that Sheri & Max are waaaaay into true crime. But sometimes, the headlines are so sensational that the real truth, the bitter truth has a way of getting lost. When pastor David Evans was murdered in his Oklahoma home in March 2021, the tragedy took a wild turn. His wife confessed that she had asked her boyfriend - the third party in the Evans' marriage - to kill her husband. The throuple angle exploded into the news, along with allegations of group sex, abuse, control. The details are lurid: the oversexed preacher, the scheming wife, the gun-toting boytoy...but this isn't just a story of murder. This is a story about abuse. A story of a family broken by domestic violence, which was documented as far back as 2010. In this episode, we want to bypass the juicy clickbait and get to the heart of what happened in the Evans' marriage. Trigger warning: If you have experienced relationship violence or are currently in a situation where you feel threatened and unsafe, the National Domestic Violence Hotline is staffed 24/7, with interpreters fluent in 200+ languages. Don't give up hope. There is help: 800-799-7233 The Bob & Sheri Oddcast: Everything We Don't, Can't, Won't, and Definitely Shouldn't Do on the Show! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Today's story is one of lust, despair, illusions, and an unbridled affinity for putting up deceptive fronts. Today, we talk about Kristie Evans.Our story begins sometime around 1974 in Roland, Oklahoma, when Kristie Dawnelle Evans was born. Born and bred in Roland, Kristie didn't know of any other world, and as a town of only a few thousand in Arkansas, Kristie grew up as a small-town girl. In high school, she met David Evans, a senior 3 years older than her. David had a flair about him... call it relaxed or call it nonchalance.It wasn't exactly love at first sight. Naturally, they were both in different head spaces, given their age difference. But it was clear that they were interested in each other because by 1991, when Kristie was only 17 years old, she began dating David Evans.Visit us online at: Itsfoulplay.comSupport our podcast by becoming a patron at: Patreon.com/itsfoulplayFind us on all platforms: Foul Play: https://link.chtbl.com/foulplayCheck out our other podcasts: itsarclightmedia.comEpisode Sponsors:- catalinacrunch.com/FOULPLAY for 15% off your first order—plus FREE shipping.- $20 off at ROTHYS.com/FOULPLAY.- Find out how Upstart can lower your monthly payments today when you go to UPSTART.com/FOULPLAY.