Podcasts about holstein friesian

We jump right into our highlights of #Olympics2024, everything from the cycling, to the triple jump, to ping pong. If you missed any of the big moments from Paris, tune in here to get caught up. On to the movie, Mad Cow: A mad scientist vows to continue his quest to create the perfect super-soldier by Frankensteining a bunch of body parts from powerful physical specimens. What could go wrong? Well, if the only head he has access to is that of a Holstein Friesian, things can go sideway quickly...and boy do they ever. Luckily a crack squad of very special police and the T.W.A.T are around the protect the citizenry. Night of the Wererooster final grade: Steve This one would be an easy top-shelfer, were it not for the last 10 minutes. Bad acting, but funny writing that draws from other classic comedies was great. Unfortunately, gotta dock them for the extended ending. 3.69/5.0 Brandon There were plenty of laughs in this one, but at some point, it seemed like they were trying to hard. The good jokes could have hit better with more setup. Trying to do a Monty Python/National Lampoon/Every other funny move ever got a little busy. 3.56/5 Cocktail of the Week: Gin Daisy 1 1/2 oz Dry Gin, but it was good with "Gin" too 1/2 oz Fancy Grenadine 1/4 oz Benedictine Dom 3/4 oz Fresh-Squeezed Lemon Juice Topo Chico or other sparkling water Add all ingredients to a shaking tin. Shake over ice to combine, then strain over ice in a rocks glass. Top with Topo Chico. Garnish with lemon wheel. Cocktail Grade: Another Anders Erickson homerun. Delicious, refreshing. Goes down faster than you'd think. 5/5 Fancy Grenadine Recipe 450 g granulated sugar 300 g 100% Unsweetened Pomegranate Juice 20 g Pomegranate Molasses 5 ml Rose Water Heat sugar, juice, and molasses to a saucepan. Heat and stir to dissolve sugars. Cool and then stir in the rose water. Yields about one quart. ------------------ Contact us with feedback or cocktail/movie recommendations to: boozeandbmovies@gmail.com X: @boozeandbmovies Instagram: @boozeandbmovies Threads: @boozeandbmovies www.facebook.com/boozeandbmovies --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/boozeandbmovies/support

Simon Worth from Livestock Improvement Corp speaks to Lisa Owen about the Holstein Friesian that's fathered 17,000 daughters

AABP Executive Director Dr. Fred Gingrich is joined by Dr. Hans Coetzee, Professor and Head, Anatomy and Physiology at Kansas State University, and Dr. Lowell Midla, technical services veterinarian for Merck Animal Health. Coetzee reviews why pain and fever management are important in cattle and the challenges associated with managing pain in cattle. He reviews the NSAID options that are available and the process for achieving FDA approval for a pain indication. We also discuss labor and human considerations for pain management and use of flunixin transdermal solution. Midla discusses the recent FDA approval of Banamine Transdermal for a claim that gives dairy veterinarians a new NSAID option for lactating cows and the reasons Merck Animal Health brought this product to market. We discuss that routes of administration for flunixin products that are not on the label can cause severe tissue damage as well as lead to violative meat and milk residues. Banamine Transdermal received the claim for control of fever associated with acute mastitis in lactating dairy cattle with a 48-hour milk discard and eight-day preslaughter withdrawal period. Midla reviews the evidence for the rapid effectiveness and duration of the transdermal route of administration compared to the IV route. He also discusses reasons for not administering the product in periparturient cows and encourages veterinarians to thoroughly review product label information. Finally, he reviews some of the research demonstrating a reduction in fever in cows with acute mastitis compared to controls.  IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION FOR BANAMINE® TRANSDERMAL. NOT FOR HUMAN USE. KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN. Milk that has been taken during treatment and for 48 hours after treatment must not be used for human consumption. Cattle must not be slaughtered for human consumption within 8 days of the last treatment. Not for use in replacement dairy heifers 20 months of age or older or dry dairy cows; use in these cattle may cause drug residues in milk and/or calves born to these cows or heifers. Not for use in beef and dairy bulls intended for breeding over 1 year of age, beef calves less than 2 months of age, dairy calves, and veal calves. Do not use within 48 hours of expected parturition. Approved only as a single topical dose in cattle. For complete information on Banamine® Transdermal, see accompanying product package insert. LINKS:BANAMINE® TRANSDERMAL | Merck Animal Health USA (merck-animal-health-usa.com) (click "View Product Label" when on this page)Effects of a single transdermal administration of flunixin meglumine in early postpartum Holstein Friesian dairy cows: Part 1. Inflammatory and metabolic markers, uterine health, and indicators of painSchmitt et al JDS 2023 Effects of a single transdermal administration of flunixin meglumine in early postpartum Holstein Friesian dairy cows: Part 2. Milk yield, culling risk, and reproductive performanceSchmitt et al JDS 2023The effects of periparturient administration of flunixin meglumine on the health and production of dairy cattle.Newby et al JDS 2017

Are we aware of where our food comes from? What about the subtle complexities in our food production systems? Join us as we get a fresh perspective on this and more from Jill Griffiths, a science writer, journalist, and author. Her recently launched book, "What's for Dinner?", dives into how our food is grown and our role as food-eaters. With a mix of science, history, and personal stories, she takes us on a fascinating journey to meet the plants, animals, and people who make our meals possible. But what inspired Jill to write this book in the first place?"I've been a science writer in ag and environment for a long time and, before that, I studied biology and journalism. I grew up in the country and then lived a lot of my life in the city, so I came to the whole question of "food and farming" from various viewpoints. What I was hearing from researchers and farmers didn't always match up with what I was hearing in the public discourse and from my city-based friends. So I went looking for where the answers to some of those questions lay."Jill says it was an eye-opening journey that gave her access to unique people and places she otherwise might not have experienced.  And what did Jill discover?Well, firstly, our food supply isn't as diverse as you might think. Jill shines a spotlight on how limited our choices are.  We rely heavily on just a few species for our meals."75% of the world's food comes from 12 species of plant and five species of animal. But within those species, there's a narrow range of breeds. 90% of the dairy herd in Australia are Holstein Friesian. So, from that one species, not even the whole genetic range of that species is present in our food chain. I'm not sure that that's a good point."Mark and Jill also cover the nutrient density of food."We often hear that that modern food is lower in nutrient density and there's a grain of truth in that," says Jill. "The grain of truth is that in increasing yield, we have increased water and starch content, so there is a dilution factor that happens with minerals and nutrients as starch and water increase." But, Jill explains there is so much variation during a season that the argument of modern food being less nutrient dense "just gets shot in the water really quickly."And finally, we cover the 'eat local' slogan - and it's not as simple as it sounds. "It's a difficult thing to sit in an agricultural exporting country, as you and I both are, and say we should all eat local because our farmers rely on us exporting a certain amount of agricultural products, so the people that are eating that aren't eating local." Beyond sourcing and eating, we also confront the reality of food insecurity. By the end of this conversation, you'll be left with a deeper understanding of the agricultural industry and the importance of knowing our food sources, and you'll never look at a can of tomatoes the same way again! Head Shepherd is brought to you by neXtgen Agri International Limited, we help livestock farmers get the most out of the genetics they farm with. Get in touch with us if you would like to hear more about how we can help you do what you do best - info@nextgenagri.com.Thanks to our sponsors at MSD Animal Health and Allflex, and Heiniger Australia and New Zealand.These companies are leaders in their respective fields and it is a privilege to have them supporting the Head Shepherd Podcast. Please consider them when making product choices, as they are instrumental in enabling us to bring you this podcast each week.Check out Heiniger's product range HERECheck out the MSD range HERECheck out Allflex products HERE

VistaMilk SFI Research Centre will join the PDST (Professional Development Service for Teachers) and the Department of Education at the inaugural Computer Science Week National Conference, Athlone Springs Hotel on the 13th of October. Students, teachers, school leaders and representatives from all areas of the education sector will be in attendance to promote and learn about computer science across the continuum of learning. Helen Van Eesbeck, Post Primary STEM Team Leader, PDST said: “We are delighted to be organising this conference as part of Ireland's first-ever Computer Science Week which we are coordinating with the support of the Department of Education. The aim of the week is to promote computer science to the general public and make schools aware of the wide range of supports that are available to them from industry and the PDST should they choose to add this fantastic new subject to their school curriculum. Computer science is a subject that is suitable for all students and has applications in most aspects of today's modern world, not least the agriculture sector.” With this aim in mind, VistaMilk is joining the event by proposing “Coding with Cows”, an educational program designed and developed by PhD students and post-doctoral researchers. Coding with Cows is an interactive resource that provides participating primary school students with skills to handle activity data from cattle using a coding software. As part of the process, they develop their own coding skills and get output information on the activity of the cows during the day, health status and reproductive events. In this way, the children improve their knowledge of coding but also of cattle farming systems in Ireland. Students can also understand how coding can be used to improve the working life of a farmer by informing him in real time what the cows are doing and when something is wrong. Teachers can thus use the Coding with Cows game to educate their students in coding and livestock systems in an innovative, fun and interactive way. Helen is convinced of the relevance of the Coding with Cows program regarding the objectives of the PDST: “Our aim is to provide new and innovative learning opportunities that will improve the skills and teaching capabilities of our members. VistaMilk's Coding with Cows is definitely one such program that fits this criterion and we are delighted that we are able to feature their involvement at the conference. Designed and developed by PhD students and post-doctoral researchers, some just a few years out of secondary school themselves, we believe that it will resonate with teachers as it is a fun way to introduce students to coding and computer science. “ Lucile Riaboff, VistaMilk Postdoctoral Researcher, UCD who imagined and led Coding with Cows said: “This educational program was designed to inform the next generation of computer scientists about the impact and importance that coding has in our daily lives. As agricultural and computer scientists, we use activity data collected from cattle neck-collars to get information on daily activity, health and reproductive status of cows using Artificial Intelligence. We thus thought it would be great fun for children to simulate the process used in our research to follow a day in the life of characters like Gus the Aberdeen Angus, Hefin the Hereford, Hallie the Holstein Friesian or Josie the Jersey cow using a coding software specially designed for a young audience. “ “Agriculture industry is being revolutionised through the use of computer science with robotic milking machines, grass imaging technology, automatic drafting systems and the use of drones and GPS for precision farming. With Coding with Cows, participants develop an understanding and acquire skills that are used in agriculture, but that can be applied across many industries.” Coding with Cows is a free resource. Teachers can avail of training in the use of the program or can organise for VistaMilk representatives to...

Last year, we conducted a review of leadership and management in the UK farming sector, looking at best practice, traits, qualities, uptake, barriers and future needs. This review highlighted a shocking statistic that only 0.37% of farmers and their employees engage each year in any formal leadership and management training. In this episode, AHDB's Mark Campbell talks to two farmers about their experiences and thoughts on leadership and management, and their take on this review, which you can read in our Bridging the gap report. Phil Halhead is a third-generation dairy farmer with a herd of 300 dairy cows. He is also the founder of Norbreck Genetics. Phil was the 2007 Farmers Weekly Young Farmer of the Year and has travelled extensively through his career. His contributions to agriculture resulted in Phil receiving a Fellowship of the Royal Agricultural Societies (FRAgS) and the Freedom of the City of London in 2012. Phil has a passion for ongoing development, especially around leadership and empowering his team. Phil Nash is a fourth-generation dairy farmer from West Sussex who farms in partnership with his brother Jonny. The farm is a mixed operation comprising of a beef cattle, arable and grassland, however, the predominate enterprise is an all-year-round herd of 270 Holstein Friesian dairy cows, producing milk for a major retailer. Phil is at the start of his journey to upskill and develop both his own and his team's leadership and management skills.  The six areas where leadership and management efforts should be focused are: 1.     Support for leadership 2.     Detail consciousness 3.     Decision making 4.     Strategic vision/clarity 5.     Growth mindset 6.     Entrepreneurial and profit focused mindset Listen to the first part of this podcast in which the team talk through the findings from the Bridging the Gap report. Book reference: The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People, by Stephen R. Covey Find out more about our AgriLeader programme: ahdb.org.uk/agrileader Get in touch If you want to find out more about AgriLeader or to talk through the options for developing your leadership and management traits, get in touch with one of the team. Izak Van Heerden: izak.vanheerden@ahdb.org.uk Mark Campbell: mark.campbell@ahdb.org.uk  Feedback We'd love to know what you think of our podcasts. If you'd like to give your feedback, please complete our short questionnaire, which will help us to improve the podcast on an ongoing basis, or email: foodandfarming@ahdb.org.uk.    This episode was produced and edited by Miriam Drewett, Marcomms Manager (Pork).

Alan Twomey and Nicky Byrne join Emma-Louise Coffey on this week's Dairy Edge podcast with an overview of the non-replacement dairy calves contribution to the beef production systems and suggest how farmers can add value to both dairy and beef farms. Alan gives an insight into the Dairy Beef Index which is an economic index that promotes high quality beef animals from the dairy herd. The index represents 50% of dairy traits such as gestation length and calving ease and 50% beef traits such as carcass weight and carcass confirmation. Nicky explains that 57% of cattle meat processed in Ireland is coming from the dairy herd and concerns exist due to a growing proportion of these animals failing to reach minimum carcass standards at slaughter. Nicky documents results from his research at Teagasc Grange where he compared Holstein-Friesian and Angus cross animals through to slaughter. The Angus cross animals achieved spec for slaughter one month earlier than the Holstein-Friesian animals at a higher spec and with lower levels of concentrate fed. For more episodes from the Dairy Edge podcast go to the show page at: https://www.teagasc.ie/animals/dairy/the-dairy-edge-podcast/ The Dairy Edge is a co-production with LastCastMedia.com

Meat Livestock at Willow Brook Farms enjoy the fresh Millerton air, raised with their health and wellness as a priority in a relaxed outdoor environment. The high quality beef sold at the Farm Store comes right from the farm's pasture fed, grain finished Wagyu-Black Angus cross cattle, with a selection of half and whole steers for sale. Pork is also available, produced from an average of 20 pigs that reside on the farm each year. The pigs enjoy whole milk from the farm's diary cows and are never subjected to additional hormones or antibiotics.  Beef available includes: Beef Hot Dogs, Beef Jerky, Bones, Brisket, Chuck Eye Steak, Chuck Roast, Eye Round Roast, Flank Steak, Flat Iron Steak, Hamburger Patties, Ground Beef, Hangar Steak, Heart, Kabob/Stew Meat, London Broil, Oxtail, Porterhouse, Rib Steak with Bone, Rib Steak Boneless, Shell Steak with Bone, Shell Steak Boneless, Short Ribs, Sirloin Steak, Skirt Steak, Smoked Garlic or Cheese Sausage, Smoked Kielbasa, Smoked Snack Sticks, Summer Sausage, Tenderloin, Tongue, and Top Sirloin Roast Pork available includes: Baby Back Ribs, Bratwurst, Breakfast Sausage Links, Breakfast Sausage, Canadian Bacon, Chorizo, Ground Pork, Ham Steak, Hot Dogs, Italian Sausage (Sweet and Hot), Kielbasa, Knockwurst, Liverwurst, Pork Belly, Pork Chops, Pork Loin Roast, Pork Shoulder/Pork Butt, Spare Ribs, Smoked Bacon, Smoked Flavored Bacon, Smoked Ham Steaks, and Tenderloin Dairy Willow Brook Farms is the comfortable and spacious home to an average of 120 Holstein-Friesian and Jersey dairy cows, pedigreed and registered for shows. Willow Brook is also one of eleven farms partnered with Hudson Valley Fresh to produce the highest quality dairy possible, including whole milk, low fat milk, fat free milk, and chocolate milk. Following the strict Hudson Valley Fresh guidelines designed to maintain the health and quality of life of the cows as well as a superior product, the milk goes through just 36 hours between cow and service, is free from antibiotics or hormones, and must have a somatic cell count of under 200,000. The somatic cell count measures food safety, the higher the number the higher the risk of bacteria. Willow Brook Farms cows however, average at safe and low 100,000. Fruits & Vegetables Beyond our always in-demand corn, The Farm Store provides fresh, seasonal vegetables to brighten up any meal. Pick up plump heirloom tomatoes for a perfect Caprese salad, or a pack of pop-in-your-mouth cherry tomatoes - a sweet summer snack. When it comes to autumn decor, nothing beats our wide array of heirloom and Cinderella pumpkins mixed in with an eclectic selection of our ornamental gourds. This season Kenneth will also be planting potatoes, broccoli, cauliflower, and the ever popular Brussels sprouts (ready to be roasted!)Market Gifts Throwing a party? Stocking up the pantry for summer? Or looking for inspiration for your next family meal? At The Farm Store, more is more, and though the shop may appear small on the outside, inside the shelves are stacked high with our favorite products from friends and local vendors from across the Hudson Valley. Whether planning an intimate picnic or preparing for a packed house of weekend guests, The Farm Store has you covered from hostess gifts to wine selections to apéritifs and hors d'oeuvres, and freshly baked cookies, pies and tarts. Discover your new favorite pinot noir, maple syrup, hand cream or jewelry line, jam, jelly, honey and hummus, olive oil, pair of oven mitts, salsa, seasoning, or one of our selection of cookbooks, like “Farmhouse Rules” by Food Network star Nancy Fuller who held her book signing at the Farm Store. Are you surrounded by pumpkins of all shapes and sizes? Can you see a heard of cattle grazing in an open pasture? Are your taste buds tingling for a scoop of Bart's Homem

From humble beginnings in the 70's with a small her of just 12 milking cows, Bream Creek Dairy has gone from strength to strength. Being one of the only remaining dairies in the area, the Bignell family now has a herd of 800 strong Holstein Friesian cows. But as with all farming, it has it's challenges and the need to diversify the family business led them to cheese making and we could not be more impressed with what they are producing and I'm sure I can say the same of those who have enjoyed some the recent cheese boxes. We had the opportunity to sit down with Jack Bignell and James Green to discuss the evolution of Bream Creek Dairy and what makes that part of Tassie so special. I'm not sure about you but by the end of this conversation I was looking at flights to Tasmania. It really is a special place. So let's get into it!

Dairy teachers at Kildalton College, Zerlina Pratt and Aidan Nugent, join Emma-Louise Coffey on this week's Dairy Edge podcast to discuss the technical performance of the dairy herd at Kildalton. Zerlina gives an overview of the dairy unit which includes 110 cows on a 46 ha milking platform. The herd EBI is €175, ranking it in the top 3% of dairy herds in the country with cows having a Holstein-Friesian base with 50% of the herd crossed with either Norwegian Red or Jersey genetics. Both Zerlina and Aidan recall technical performance including 300 days at grass, 13 tonne grass grown and 650 kg meal fed per cow from a feed perspective as well as the herd achieving an 89% 6 week calving rate and an average 530 kg MS produced per cow. The dairy unit at Kildalton, as well as being a highly technically efficient farm, engages with a large number of students on a weekly basis. Aidan details the substantial number of practical dairy skills delivered to students at the college, including animal husbandry, milk machine running and maintenance, tractor and grassland skills. Zerlina explains that Kildalton, like all of the Agricultural Colleges have continued to deliver skills during Covid-19 to maximise the learning opportunity to the students in line with government guidelines. For more information: https://www.teagasc.ie/education/teagasc-colleges/kildalton/ For more episodes from the Dairy Edge podcast visit the show page at: https://www.teagasc.ie/animals/dairy/the-dairy-edge-podcast/

Waterworld to the Canary Islands, Rich Girl to the $100 Bill, Skullcaps to Space Shuttles and a good deal more.Welcome to episode 100 of Pub Quiz Prep. Complete with bonus questions and handy life advice. Thanks for listening.Trivia PodcastImmerse yourself in another round of enriching trivia training.Ready yourself for when the pubs open up again for your weekly Trivia Night.Level up your Trivia skills the easy way with Pub Quiz Prep.Pub Quiz Prep - Putting the 'edge' in your general knowledge.Invest in success with Pub Quiz Prep.The education you want, the education you deserve.https://rss.whooshkaa.com/rss/podcast/id/5093https://www.pubquizprep.com/https://www.youtube.com/c/PubQuizPrephttps://www.instagram.com/pubquizprep/?hl=enhttps://twitter.com/PubQuizPrephttps://www.tumblr.com/blog/pub-quiz-prephttps://podcasts.google.com/?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly9yc3Mud2hvb3Noa2FhLmNvbS9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC9pZC81MDkzhttps://open.spotify.com/show/1MzCLQMR64F3oztAeNBf4U

Waterworld to the Canary Islands, Rich Girl to the $100 Bill, Skullcaps to Space Shuttles and a good deal more.Welcome to episode 100 of Pub Quiz Prep. Complete with bonus questions and handy life advice. Thanks for listening.Trivia PodcastImmerse yourself in another round of enriching trivia training.Ready yourself for when the pubs open up again for your weekly Trivia Night.Level up your Trivia skills the easy way with Pub Quiz Prep.Pub Quiz Prep - Putting the 'edge' in your general knowledge.Invest in success with Pub Quiz Prep.The education you want, the education you deserve.https://rss.whooshkaa.com/rss/podcast/id/5093https://www.pubquizprep.com/https://www.youtube.com/c/PubQuizPrephttps://www.instagram.com/pubquizprep/?hl=enhttps://twitter.com/PubQuizPrephttps://www.tumblr.com/blog/pub-quiz-prephttps://podcasts.google.com/?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly9yc3Mud2hvb3Noa2FhLmNvbS9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC9pZC81MDkzhttps://open.spotify.com/show/1MzCLQMR64F3oztAeNBf4U

Established in the spring of 2018, the Grange dairy calf to beef trial is headed up by researcher Nicky Byrne and technician Donal Fahy to compare the physical and financial performance of progeny from both Holstein Friesian and Aberdeen Angus sires used in the dairy herd.  These sires vary in breeding value for carcass weight and conformation and are managed in a grass-based system, aiming to be finished as steers under 24-months.  Nicky Byrne, researcher in Teagasc Grange joins Catherine Egan on this week's Beef Edge to give an update on the latest results from the trial. For further information click here For more episodes and information covered on the Beef Edge, visit: teagasc.ie/thebeefedge The Beef Edge is a co-production with LastCastMedia.

Learn about a trick for conquering sadness by thinking of it as a person; how Neanderthals may have releived their pain with a familiar drug; and the surprising science of how cows each use a unique “voice” to talk to each other.  Think of Sadness as a Person by Kelsey Donk How can you conquer ordinary, everyday sadness? Think of it as a person | The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2019/dec/08/how-can-you-conquer-ordinary-everyday-sadness-think-of-it-as-a-person  Chen, F., Chen, R.P. and Yang, L. (2020), When Sadness Comes Alive, Will It Be Less Painful? The Effects of Anthropomorphic Thinking on Sadness Regulation and Consumption. J Consum Psychol. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jcpy.1137  Neanderthals Treated Pain With A Form Of Aspirin by Ashley Hamer https://curiosity.com/topics/neanderthals-treated-pain-with-a-form-of-aspirin-curiosity  Cow Voices by Kelsey Donk Stand out from the herd: How cows commoonicate through their lives | EurekAlert! https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-12/uos-sof121719.php  Green, A., Clark, C., Favaro, L. et al. Vocal individuality of Holstein-Friesian cattle is maintained across putatively positive and negative farming contexts. Sci Rep 9, 18468 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-54968-4  Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer. You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://curiosity.im/podcast-flash-briefing

Hintergrund dieser Arbeit ist die in den letzten Jahrzehnten stetig abnehmende Fruchtbarkeit der Rinderrasse Holstein-Friesian (SILVIA, 1998, PRYCE et al., 2004). Dem Titel entsprechend hat es sich diese Studie zum Ziel gesetzt, Genom-regionen mit Einfluss auf die Fruchtbarkeit durch einen Kartierungsansatz ausfin-dig zu machen. Aufgrund ihres Einflusses auf quantitative Merkmale werden sol-che Regionen auch als Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) bezeichnet. Bei den in dieser Arbeit untersuchten zehn Fruchtbarkeits- und Kalbemerkmale handelt es sich um die folgenden vom VIT übermittelten Zuchtwerte: Verzögerungszeit für Rinder (VZR) und Kühe (VZK); der Anteil der nicht erneut brünstigen Tiere 56 Tage nach Besamung bei Rindern (NR56R) und Kühen (NR56K); Rastzeit (RZ); Güstzeit (DO); paternaler (direkter) Kalbeverlauf (pKV) für Rinder; maternaler (indirekter) Kalbeverlauf (mKV) für Rinder; paternale Totgeburt (pTG) für Rin-der und maternale Totgeburt (mTG) für Rinder. Die für diese Studie verwendeten 2527 HF Bullen wurden auf BOVINE SNP50 BEADCHIPS (Illumina) genotypisiert. Die eigentliche Kartierung der 29 bovinen Autosomen erfolgte anschließend mit einer kombinierten Kopplungsungleichge-wichts- und Kopplungsanalyse (cLDLA). Hierzu wurde das Genom in 40 SNP umfassende Gleitfenster unterteilt und in jeder Fenstermitte eine Varianzkompo-nentenanalyse durchgeführt. Basierend auf dem cLDLA-Kartierungsansatz wurden insgesamt 90 signifikante lokale Maxima gefunden, die anhand mehrerer Kriterien 50 verschiedenen QTL zugeordnet werden konnten. Einige dieser kartierten Loci bestätigten bereits zuvor publizierte QTL, andere QTL waren neu. Der signifikanteste QTL wurde auf BTA18 in einer Region gefunden, welche bereits durch zahlreiche Autoren als besonders signifikant deklariert wurde. Allerdings befand sich das hier kartierte Maximum (59.179.424 bp) etwa 1,59 Megabasen von der Stelle entfernt, an welcher aufgrund der Ergebnisse früherer Studien aktuell geforscht wird, dem SNP ARS-BFGL-NGS-109285 bei 57.589.121 bp. Nach genauerer Analyse des signifikantesten 40-SNP Fensters konnte ein ‚ursächlicher‘ Haplotyp identifiziert werden, der im weiteren Verlauf als Haplotyp Q1 bezeichnet wird. Dieser Haplotyp ist mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit ursächlich für den QTL, welcher für pKV und pTG im Bereich 55.282.968 ­ 60.119.636 bp kartiert wurde. Um den Haplotyp Q1 weiter zu verfeinern, wurden 86 Bullen zusätzlich auf BOVINEHD BEADCHIPS (Illumina) mit wesentlich mehr Markern und dadurch höherer Markerdichte genotypisiert. So konnte der auf BTA18 identifizierte Haplotyp Q1 schließlich auf einen Bereich von 58.280.048 bis 58.819.413 bp eingegrenzt werden. In weiterführenden Analysen, unter anderem in zwei genomweiten Assoziations-studien (GWAS), die keine SNP-Fenster sondern einzelne SNP betrachteten (MLMA#1 und MLMA#2), sowie vier weiteren cLDLAs (MODELL#2 - MODELL#5) auf Chromosom 18, konnte gezeigt werden, dass die gewählte Methode (cLDLA) als Hauptursache für die oben genannte Positionsabweichung gesehen werden kann. Die Ergebnisse der Modelle zeigten, dass der Einfluss des Haplotyps Q1 in der Lage ist, die Effekte bezüglich der Kalbemerkmale im Bereich von 50 bis 60 Megabasenpaaren weitestgehend auszulöschen und nicht der von vielen Forschern für paternalen Kalbeverlauf kartierte SNP ARS-BFGL-NGS-109285 für den Effekt als ursächlich angesehen werden kann. Trotz reger bisheriger Forschung im Bereich dieses SNP konnten erst jüngst vier mögliche kausale Varianten im Bereich um den SNP ARS-BFGL-NGS-109285 identifiziert werden. Da aber in vier sequenzierten HF Bullen mit Haplotyp Q1 keine der Varianten von PURFIELD et al. (2015) entsprechend der Genotypen nachvollzogen werden konnte, können diese nicht als gegenseitige Bestätigung verstanden werden. Unsere Ergebnisse sprechen deutlich für eine weiterhin unbe-kannte Mutation innerhalb des Haplotyps Q1. Zusammenfassend lässt sich feststellen, dass die hier in dieser Arbeit dargelegten Ergebnisse wichtige neue Fakten zum aktuellen Wissensstand beitragen und sich somit für die erfolgreiche Identifizierung kausaler Variante(n) als hilfreich erwei-sen werden. In der Zwischenzeit steht der für direkten Kalbeverlauf und Totgeburt als ‚schädlich‘ identifizierte Haplotyp Q1 zur Verfügung, so dass unverzüglich begonnen werden kann, indirekt gegen die kausale Variante zu selektieren, um sie langfristig aus der Holstein-Friesian Population zu entfernen.

Background: The absence of horns, called polled phenotype, is the favored trait in modern cattle husbandry. To date, polled cattle are obtained primarily by dehorning calves. Dehorning is a practice that raises animal welfare issues, which can be addressed by selecting for genetically hornless cattle. In the past 20 years, there have been many studies worldwide to identify unique genetic markers in complete association with the polled trait in cattle and recently, two different alleles at the POLLED locus, both resulting in the absence of horns, were reported: (1) the Celtic allele, which is responsible for the polled phenotype in most breeds and for which a single candidate mutation was detected and (2) the Friesian allele, which is responsible for the polled phenotype predominantly in the Holstein-Friesian breed and in a few other breeds, but for which five candidate mutations were identified in a 260-kb haplotype. Further studies based on genome-wide sequencing and high-density SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) genotyping confirmed the existence of the Celtic and Friesian variants and narrowed down the causal Friesian haplotype to an interval of 145 kb. Results: Almost 6000 animals were genetically tested for the polled trait and we detected a recombinant animal which enabled us to reduce the Friesian POLLED haplotype to a single causal mutation, namely a 80 kb duplication. Moreover, our results clearly disagree with the recently reported perfect co-segregation of the POLLED mutation and a SNP at position 1 390 292 bp on bovine chromosome 1 in the Holstein-Friesian population. Conclusion: We conclude that the 80-kb duplication, as the only remaining variant within the shortened Friesian haplotype, represents the most likely causal mutation for the polled phenotype of Friesian origin.

“Investigation of the effects of milking on the teat tissue and the teat blood flow using ultrasonographic scanning and color angiography” The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of milking on the teat blood flow and the teat tissue of dairy cows using color angiography and ultrasonographic scanning. 10 udder healthy lactating Holstein-Friesian cows from the second lactation were selected for the study. The selected cows had a milk cell concentration below 100 000 cells/ml in the course of every probation milking during the cow milk recording enquiry of the current lactation. In addition California-Mastitis-Test and microbiological analysis had been negative at the day of measurement. The measurements were carried out using a MyLab30Vet XVISION® ultrasound scanner with a linear array probe. The analysis was supported by MyLab™Desk® as well as PixelFlux® software. During ultrasound scanning the right front teat was immersed in warmed contact jelly in an angled bowl. Measurements in cross section at the changeover of udder quarter and the teat as well as in longitudinal cut were made. Circumference and area of the teat and of the teat-cistern at the cross section and teat-canal length, teat-wall thickness, teat-end width and teat cistern width at the longitudinal cut were evaluated. The teat-tissue area at the cross section was calculated. Measurements were started three hours before afternoon milking and were repeated every 15 minutes until milking. Directly after the removal of the milking cluster an additional measurement was performed. Subsequently, measurements took place every 10 minutes for the next 40 minutes. Thereafter, measurements were done every 15 minutes until 175 minutes after milking. Results: • Color Angiography is suited for measuring the blood flow of the teats of dairy cows. • Directly after the removal of the milking cluster, the blood flow density of seven (MP 1) respectively eight (MP 4) out of the ten selected cows was reduced. • All cows showed a high significant increase of blood flow density after the first measurement following milking. • Teat channel length upon milking is significantly longer than immediately before milking and is reduced again afterwards. It does not reach its original length during the measuring period. • The teat end width does not change significantly during the whole measurement period. • Up to milking the cistern width increases, and after milking it is significantly reduced. From the first measurement after milking it starts increasing again. • The teat wall is significantly thicker after milking than before. • Teat area and teat width are significantly smaller directly after milking than before. Following the first measurement after milking, they are reduced. • Cistern area and cistern width are significantly smaller after milking than immediately before. During a measuring interval they decrease so that there is a significant difference between the first measurement after milking and the two following measurements. Subsequently, they increase again. • The size of the teat tissue area changes only slightly during the period of measurements.

The purpose of this work was to determine the suitability of the scoring (BCS) system according to EDMONSON et al. (1989) for judging body condition of calves by palpation. A total of 307 calves of the breeds German Simmental (Deutsches Fleckvieh) and Holstein-Friesian were examined once at the Clinic for Ruminants (Chair for Internal Medicine and Surgery) of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich (LMU), at the experimental farm of that university, or on farms served by the veterinary practice of Dr. med. vet. M. Hof in Bad Wörishofen. An additional, ninth criterion was added to the original system. Furthermore, the components of this system were compared with those of two recently developed "gold standards". The precision and accuracy of the modified system was also tested by comparing the results of examinations of 30 calves by eleven different observers. The modified system was found to be suitable for describing calves' body condition. In comparison with the two gold standards, the system gave better results for the German Simmental calves than for the Holstein-Friesian ones. The questions thus arise as to whether the system is less well suited for the latter breed and should be modified, or whether the newly developed gold standards cannot adequately reflect the body condition of calves. A thorough investigation of these questions is necessary. It would be possible to evaluate the BCS system for example by determining the total body fat and total muscle mass. Calves must be examined by palpation only; this is necessary both because the features of the coat negatively affect the results of visual examination and because the bone processes are not particularly well defined in calves. No additional information is provided either by evaluation of BCS 5 (tuber coxae [hooks] and tuber ischii [pins]) or of BCS 8 (tailhead to pins), since scores for these sites show little variation and also do not correspond well to the other BCS areas. Furthermore, it can be difficult to explain how to locate and evaluate these two areas. In contrast, the newly incorporated costal area (BCS 9) integrates well into the existing system and provides additional information. Therefore a system based on a modification of the system of EDMONSON et al. (1989) is proposed. In this modified system, the degree of precision is very good at both the individual (r = 0.97) and the interindividual (r = 0.87) levels, as is the accuracy. The high quality of the results is a reflection of the ease and simplicity of application of this system. Nevertheless inexperienced examiners must be trained before applying it. The modified system used here is therefore suitable for calves, although it could be improved in regard to calves of the Holstein-Friesian breed. The lack of a recognised gold standard is also unsatisfactory, as this makes evaluation of the system more difficult.