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This episode was recorded in Fort Wayne, Indiana, during the 2025 Tri-State Dairy Conference. Dr. Laporta gives an overview of her presentation, focusing on the impact of heat stress during the dry period on the cow, her daughters and her granddaughters. She covers heat stress impacts on mammary gland involution, as well as fetal programming effects on the daughter and granddaughter. (3:37)Daughters of heat-stressed cows have fewer sweat glands located deeper in the skin, thicker skin and more sebaceous glands. This was observed at birth, weaning and puberty. They sweat more than heifers who weren't heat stressed in utero, but have higher rectal temperatures during the preweaning phase. Dr. Laporta hypothesizes that if those calves were exposed to additional stress, they would be more susceptible to illness because of the higher core temperature. (6:34)The panel discusses heat stress impacts on male fetuses and the potential for epigenetic changes to be transmitted through semen. Dr. Gerloff asks about differences in the impacts of heat stress on first-calf heifers compared to older cows. Dr. Laporta describes the survival rates of heifers who were heat-stressed in utero. Heifers are lost from the herd even before first calving, with more following in first and second lactation. (11:00)Dr. Laporta outlines the differences between heat-stressed and cooled treatments in her experiments. They measure respiration rates and rectal temperatures to assess the physiological impacts of heat stress in the cows. Scott asks how long the heat stress period needs to be in order to observe negative effects. Dr. Gerloff asks about calf mortality rates between the two groups. Dr. Laporta estimates a 12% death loss in the heat stress groups, who seem to be more susceptible to the usual calf illnesses. It appears that gut closure might occur earlier in heat-stressed calves - maybe even before birth, which does not bode well for their immune systems. (16:49)Dr. Laporta details how heat stress impacts mammary gland involution. Early in the dry period, you want a spike in cell death to build new cells for the next lactation. In heat-stressed cows, the spike in cell death early in the dry period is diminished, not allowing those cells to die. This results in less proliferation of the mammary gland, and the cow starts her next lactation with older cells that weren't renewed in full. Thus, producing less milk. Dr. Gerloff shares some of his experiences with heat stress in his area of Illinois. (22:17)Heat stress has negative impacts on other organs as well. Heifers who experienced heat stress in utero are born with larger adrenal glands with altered microstructure. Dr. Laporta describes some of the DNA methylation that has been observed in these heifers. The panel discusses whether the response would be similar for other types of stressors, like cold stress or social stress. (26:19)What can we do to mitigate these impacts? Cooling dry cows so they can thermoregulate during gestation is critical. Altering diets to account for heat stress is also an important strategy. Unfortunately, there is no magic bullet to “fix” cows who were exposed to heat stress in utero, but these negative implications can be prevented. Dr. Laporta has also focused on what she calls perinatal programming - after the calf is born, what can we do? She has been working to develop cooling mechanisms for calves and is interested in further investigating early life mammary development. (33:41)When a dry cow experiences heat stress, she has fewer and smaller alveoli. Daughters of those cows have smaller udders with altered tissue growth. Granddaughters of those cows have fewer estrogen receptors in their udders and negative impacts on mammary proliferation. (44:30)Panelists share their take-home thoughts. (47:52)Scott invites the audience to Bourbon and Brainiacs at ADSA in Louisville - a bourbon tasting with all your favorite professors! Sign up here: https://balchem.com/anh/bourbon/ (54:31)Please subscribe and share with your industry friends to invite more people to join us at the Real Science Exchange virtual pub table. If you want one of our Real Science Exchange t-shirts, screenshot your rating, review, or subscription, and email a picture to anh.marketing@balchem.com. Include your size and mailing address, and we'll mail you a shirt.
Season 5, EPISODE 238 It's The Ranch It Up Radio Show! Join Jeff Tigger Erhardt, Rebecca Wanner AKA BEC and their crew as they answer your questions about implanting your calves, part 2. Plus join the discussion of free standing panels versus permanent fencing in new corral designs. We have the markets, horses for sale and lots more on this all new episode of The Ranch It Up Radio Show. Be sure to subscribe on your favorite podcasting app or on the Ranch It Up Radio Show YouTube Channel. For Cow Calf Producers, Implants Have A Clear Advantage There's a perception that non-implanted calves garner a higher premium on sale day than their implanted counterparts. However, data consistently shows no difference in sale price between implanted and non-implanted calves. Why Use Ralgro From Merck Animal Health RALGRO® (zeranol implants) increases weaning weight by 23 pounds on average compared to non-implanted calves, according to Merck Animal Health. With results like that, it's easy to see how cattle implants at the cow-calf level can result in a favorable payday. Free Standing Panels Vs. Permanent Fencing Free-Standing Panels Advantages: Portability: Can be moved or reconfigured easily for different livestock, seasons, or operational needs. Ideal for temporary or seasonal use. Quick Setup & Removal: Require no digging or permanent installation—set up in hours instead of days. Versatile Use: Can be used for corrals, sorting pens, alleyways, or even makeshift chutes or holding pens. Minimal Ground Disturbance: No need to dig post holes or pour concrete, preserving soil and reducing site impact. Ideal for Leasing or Shared Land: Can be used on rented property or rotated across pastures. Disadvantages: Less Durable in Harsh Conditions: More likely to shift, tip, or become unstable in high winds or with aggressive animals. Theft or Misplacement: More prone to being stolen or moved if not secured. Higher Long-Term Cost per Use: Although cheaper upfront than heavy-duty permanent structures, replacing or repairing worn panels can add up. Limited Size & Strength: Often not suitable for large or very strong animals unless reinforced or anchored. Permanent Fencing Advantages: Strength & Durability: More secure for large or aggressive livestock. Withstands weather and repeated use better over time. Low Maintenance (Long-Term): When built correctly with quality materials, requires less frequent repair. Increased Property Value: Adds permanent infrastructure, improving land resale or lease value. Security: Less likely to be tampered with, moved, or stolen. Disadvantages: Expensive Upfront: Higher costs for materials, labor, and installation. Inflexible: Cannot be moved or resized without significant effort and cost. Time-Consuming to Install: May take days or weeks to complete, especially for larger corrals or complex layouts. Requires Permanent Land Use Decision: Not ideal for rotational grazing systems or temporary setups. Which One to Choose? Use Free-Standing Panels if: You need flexibility, have limited budget upfront, are leasing land, or run a mobile or multi-site operation. Choose Permanent Fencing if: You want long-term security, own the land, manage large herds, or need infrastructure that stands the test of time. Featured Experts in the Cattle Industry Brandon Nuttelman, PhD– Merck Animal Health https://www.merck-animal-health-usa.com/species/cattle/products/cattle-implants Follow on Facebook: @MerckAnimalHealth Mark Vanzee – Livestock, Equine, & Auction Time Expert https://www.auctiontime.com/ https://www.livestockmarket.com/ https://www.equinemarket.com/ Follow on Facebook: @LivestockMkt | @EquineMkt | @AuctionTime Kirk Donsbach – Financial Analyst at StoneX https://www.stonex.com/ Follow on Facebook: @StoneXGroupInc Shaye Koester – Host of Casual Cattle Conversation https://www.casualcattleconversations.com/ Follow on Facebook: @cattleconvos Contact Us with Questions or Concerns Have questions or feedback? Feel free to reach out via: Call/Text: 707-RANCH20 or 707-726-2420 Email: RanchItUpShow@gmail.com Follow us: Facebook/Instagram: @RanchItUpShow YouTube: Subscribe to Ranch It Up Channel: https://www.youtube.com/c/RanchItUp Catch all episodes of the Ranch It Up Podcast available on all major podcasting platforms. Discover the Heart of Rural America with Tigger & BEC Ranching, farming, and the Western lifestyle are at the heart of everything we do. Tigger & BEC bring you exclusive insights from the world of working ranches, cattle farming, and sustainable beef production. Learn more about Jeff 'Tigger' Erhardt & Rebecca Wanner (BEC) and their mission to promote the Western way of life at Tigger and BEC. https://tiggerandbec.com/ Industry References, Partners and Resources For additional information on industry trends, products, and services, check out these trusted resources: American Gelbvieh Association: https://gelbvieh.org/ Imogene Ingredients: https://www.imogeneingredients.com/ Allied Genetic Resources: https://alliedgeneticresources.com/ Westway Feed Products: https://westwayfeed.com/ Medora Boot: https://medoraboot.com/ Transova Genetics: https://transova.com/ Axiota Animal Health: https://axiota.com/multimin-campaign-landing-page/ Wrangler: https://www.wrangler.com/ Rural Radio Network: https://www.ruralradio147.com/ RFD-TV: https://www.rfdtv.com/ Wulf Cattle: https://www.wulfcattle.com/ Jorgensen Land & Cattle: https://jorgensenfarms.com/#/?ranchchannel=view
This episode was recorded in Fort Wayne, Indiana, during the 2025 Tri-State Dairy Conference. Dr. Grant gives an overview of his presentation at the conference, highlighting cow time budgets and the importance of natural cow behavior to health, welfare and productivity. The impacts of overcrowding, including rumen pH and de novo fatty acid synthesis, are a key component of his message. (7:07)Eating, resting and ruminating are the big three behaviors we've studied for decades. In addition to their obvious importance to cow welfare, they have a real health and performance effect. Dr. Grant suggests the recumbent rumination - just lying down and chewing her cud - is really the cow's superpower. Cows with the same rumination time who accomplish more while lying down have less subacute ruminal acidosis, greater dry matter intake, and higher fat and protein content in their milk. It all boils down to the balance between eating time and recumbent rumination time. (12:15)The panel discusses the definition of overcrowding. Spoiler alert: it depends. (15:50)Clay asks Rick if overcrowding of beds or feed bunks is more important. The easy answer is both, but Rick acknowledges he'd say beds if he were pushed for an answer. Resting is a yes or no; she's either lying down or she's not. From the feed bunk perspective, a cow can alter her behavior to a point for adjusting to overcrowding - eat faster, change her meal patterns, etc. A hungry cow will walk by the feed to recoup lost rest time. Cows should be comfortable enough to spend at least 90% of their rumination time lying down. (17:50)Dr. Grant thinks of overcrowding as a subclinical stressor. A cow has different “accounts” for different activities: lactation, health, reproduction, etc., as well as a reserve account. To combat the subclinical stress of overcrowding, a cow uses her reserve account, but that's hard to measure. If the reserve account gets depleted and another stressor comes along, the overcrowded pens are going to show greater impacts. The panel brainstormed ideas for how to better measure a cow's reserve account. (19:39)Clays asks if overcrowding is affecting culling rates. The panel assumes it has to be, though no one can point to a study. Dr. Grant notes there is data from France that shows decreased longevity in cows who don't get enough rest, which is a hallmark of overcrowding. Given the low heifer inventory, the panel muses if the industry ought to pay more attention to the culling impacts of overcrowding and have a more dynamic approach to evaluating stocking density as market and farm conditions shift. (25:10)Bill asks about nutritional and management strategies to reduce the stress of overcrowding. Rick notes that overcrowding tends to make the rumen a bit more touchy, so he talks about formulating diets with appropriate amounts of physically effective fiber, undigested NDF, rumen-fermentable starch, and particle size. (29:21)Dr. Grant talks about the differences in rumination when a cow is lying down versus standing. The panel discusses cow comfort, preferred stalls, and first-calf heifer behavior in mixed-age groups with and without overcrowding. Bill and Rick agree that having a separate pen for first-calf heifers on overcrowded farms would benefit those heifers. Dr. Michael comments on evaluating air flow and venting on-farm. (33:49)The panel wraps up the episode with their take-home thoughts. (47:55)Scott invites the audience to Bourbon and Brainiacs at ADSA in Louisville - a bourbon tasting with all your favorite professors! Sign up here: https://balchem.com/anh/bourbon/ (52:02)The paper referenced in this conversation from Dr. Bach can be found here: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030208711226Please subscribe and share with your industry friends to invite more people to join us at the Real Science Exchange virtual pub table. If you want one of our Real Science Exchange t-shirts, screenshot your rating, review, or subscription, and email a picture to anh.marketing@balchem.com. Include your size and mailing address, and we'll mail you a shirt.
It's The Ranch It Up Radio Show! Join Jeff Tigger Erhardt, Rebecca Wanner AKA BEC and their crew as they find out the pro's and con's of implanting your calves with products from Merck Animal Health. Plus updates on cattle trade with China and Mexico, market outlooks, cattle and hay for sale and lots more that you will only hear on this all new episode of The Ranch It Up Radio Show. Be sure to subscribe on your favorite podcasting app or on the Ranch It Up Radio Show YouTube Channel. Season 5, EPISODE 237 For Cow Calf Producers, Implants Have A Clear Advantage There's a perception that non-implanted calves garner a higher premium on sale day than their implanted counterparts. However, data consistently shows no difference in sale price between implanted and non-implanted calves. Why Use Ralgro From Merck Animal Health RALGRO® (zeranol implants) increases weaning weight by 23 pounds on average compared to non-implanted calves, according to Merck Animal Health. With results like that, it's easy to see how cattle implants at the cow-calf level can result in a favorable payday. U.S.–China Trade War Eases with Major Tariff Reductions on Meat Exports In a significant development for U.S. agriculture, the ongoing U.S.–China trade war eased this week following a new 90-day tariff reduction agreement. The deal brings temporary relief to U.S. meat exporters who have faced steep trade barriers in the Chinese market. Under the agreement, U.S. tariffs on Chinese goods will drop from 145% to 30%, while China's retaliatory tariffs on U.S. products, including meat, will fall from 125% to 10%. The reductions officially took effect on Wednesday, May 14th, signaling progress as both nations continue trade negotiations. China, the world's largest beef importer, remains a critical market for U.S. meat. In 2024 alone, U.S. exports to China included nearly $1.6 billion in beef, $1.1 billion in pork, and $490 million in poultry meat and products. This temporary tariff relief offers a much-needed boost to American meat producers and exporters while long-term trade talks continue. REFERENCE: https://www.meatingplace.com/Industry/News/Details/119098 USDA Closes U.S. Border to Livestock Imports Amid Northward Spread of New World Screwworm (NWS) The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has once again closed the southern border to live cattle, horses, and bison imports due to the ongoing detection and rapid spread of New World Screwworm or NWS, in southern Mexico. This latest decision follows continued reports of the parasite advancing further north than previously observed—up to 700 miles from the U.S. border. U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Brooke Rollins announced the immediate suspension of livestock imports through U.S. ports of entry along the southern border. This action comes after the border had temporarily reopened in early February following enhanced inspections and biosecurity protocols. The border was initially closed in November of the previous year due to similar concerns. The New World Screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) poses a significant threat to livestock health and U.S. agriculture. Though eradicated from the United States in 1966, NWS has reemerged in remote areas of southern Mexico, including on farms with limited cattle movement. The pest's resurgence is being treated with high urgency by both U.S. and Mexican officials. To combat the spread, USDA-APHIS (Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service) is working closely with Mexican authorities to increase the release of sterile screwworm flies, the primary method for controlling the pest. This sterile fly technique had successfully helped maintain a barrier zone in southern Mexico and later extended into Panama, serving as a buffer for decades. However, over the past two years, the screwworm has advanced through Central America and back into Mexico, creating an escalating threat to U.S. livestock industries. USDA-APHIS and Mexican counterparts will continue aggressive surveillance, monitoring, and mitigation efforts to stop the spread. The border will remain closed until USDA determines that the risk has been sufficiently mitigated and disease metrics improve. The decision to suspend cattle imports from Mexico has led to a downward revision in projected U.S. beef production for 2025 and 2026, according to the agency's latest WAZ-de Report, World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates. The report cites tighter cattle supplies and reduced slaughter volumes tied to the import halt as key drivers behind the lower forecasts. Beef exports are also forecast lower as limited domestic supplies are expected to reduce U.S. competitiveness abroad. REFERENCES: https://www.usda.gov/about-usda/news/press-releases/2025/05/11/secretary-rollins-suspends-live-animal-imports-through-ports-entry-along-southern-border-effective?fbclid=IwY2xjawKPVd9leHRuA2FlbQIxMABicmlkETFnSTZKb0drdmZrMHljT1FxAR7e2x8HtRiDZs98QWN1PDmQTaR0AO-kmNeXdaKtu2ePiEc23ZL9xL00qQdsKw_aem_7hZgLJMQrGBj9H5hPuhMdg https://www.meatingplace.com/Industry/News/Details/119106 https://www.meatingplace.com/Industry/News/Details/119109 Featured Experts in the Cattle Industry Brandon Nuttelman, PhD– Merck Animal Health https://www.merck-animal-health-usa.com/species/cattle/products/cattle-implants Follow on Facebook: @MerckAnimalHealth Mark Vanzee – Livestock, Equine, & Auction Time Expert https://www.auctiontime.com/ https://www.livestockmarket.com/ https://www.equinemarket.com/ Follow on Facebook: @LivestockMkt | @EquineMkt | @AuctionTime Kirk Donsbach – Financial Analyst at StoneX https://www.stonex.com/ Follow on Facebook: @StoneXGroupInc Shaye Koester – Host of Casual Cattle Conversation https://www.casualcattleconversations.com/ Follow on Facebook: @cattleconvos Contact Us with Questions or Concerns Have questions or feedback? Feel free to reach out via: Call/Text: 707-RANCH20 or 707-726-2420 Email: RanchItUpShow@gmail.com Follow us: Facebook/Instagram: @RanchItUpShow YouTube: Subscribe to Ranch It Up Channel: https://www.youtube.com/c/RanchItUp Catch all episodes of the Ranch It Up Podcast available on all major podcasting platforms. Discover the Heart of Rural America with Tigger & BEC Ranching, farming, and the Western lifestyle are at the heart of everything we do. Tigger & BEC bring you exclusive insights from the world of working ranches, cattle farming, and sustainable beef production. Learn more about Jeff 'Tigger' Erhardt & Rebecca Wanner (BEC) and their mission to promote the Western way of life at Tigger and BEC. https://tiggerandbec.com/ Industry References, Partners and Resources For additional information on industry trends, products, and services, check out these trusted resources: American Gelbvieh Association: https://gelbvieh.org/ Imogene Ingredients: https://www.imogeneingredients.com/ Allied Genetic Resources: https://alliedgeneticresources.com/ Westway Feed Products: https://westwayfeed.com/ Medora Boot: https://medoraboot.com/ Transova Genetics: https://transova.com/ Axiota Animal Health: https://axiota.com/multimin-campaign-landing-page/ Wrangler: https://www.wrangler.com/ Rural Radio Network: https://www.ruralradio147.com/ RFD-TV: https://www.rfdtv.com/ Wulf Cattle: https://www.wulfcattle.com/ Jorgensen Land & Cattle: https://jorgensenfarms.com/#/?ranchchannel=view
This week we're joined by the Sawday brothers of High Country Romneys. We discuss their farming business and what preparations they have made for the upcomimng NSA Welsh sheep event. Tickets for nsa Welsh sheep available here - https://welshsheep.org.uk/ We also have a good blether between Cammy and Iona in this one too We hope you enjoy, Cammy & Iona You can find Stow Ag here: https://www.stowag.com/ Leave us a voice note or text with your question at: (+44) 07986 909845 No calls will be answered, and please keep voice notes short. Thanks to our Sponsors: Crystalyx Herdwatch: https://herdwatchng.app.link/FedbyFarmers You Can Support the show here: Buy us a coffee - https://www.buymeacoffee.com/fedbyfarmers Visit our website to see our range of custom made clothing www.fedbyfarmers.co.uk Our podcast releases on Audio platforms at 7am, and on youtube later the same day.
Hour 4: Diamond Calves; Cowboys' Draft Recap; Crosstalk with the K&C Masterpiece full 2414 Mon, 05 May 2025 15:10:03 +0000 lW71OFcglyguX19qkI4J4HupXxmftdJT sports Shan and RJ sports Hour 4: Diamond Calves; Cowboys' Draft Recap; Crosstalk with the K&C Masterpiece 105.3 The Fan 2024 © 2021 Audacy, Inc. Sports False https://play
Weekly Podcast #516 - As usual, the crew discusses a variety of topics, including Bubba's calves, Garrett's experience of being an identical twin, and more! Plus, Chris Young talks about his latest music!
David is joined by Kristian to discuss all things Ironman Texas victory. They break down some training leading in, the race itself and what's planned going forward for Kristian from a training and travel perspective. Finally they discuss Alex Yee's marathon and other short distance athletes coming up to long distance triathlon. (00:00) Introduction(01:05) USA Puncture Count(02:28) Training Leading into Texas(07:55) How was Kristian Feeling Leading into Texas(10:42) Race Review(12:50) Gustav and Kristian Surging on the Bike (13:30) Bike Tactics(15:10) Cramping Worries (16:34) The Run (18:47) Uber Bikers Race Dynamics (20:04) Was Kristian Tracking Antonio on the Bike (20:34) Cramping and Bike Position (22:07) Was the Long T2 Run a Cramping Concern(23:38) T2, Calf Sleeves and Kristian's Calves(25:00) Run Tactics(27:14) Trash Talk(28:07) Making the Break(28:53) Hydration and Nutrition (32:30) Solving the Vomiting Issues(34:18) Almost Running into a Child (36:27) How Did Kristian Feel When Finishing?(38:17) Programming Plans Going Forward (40:26) Gustav's Phone Saga(41:11) The Norwegian Hype Train(43:30) Neutral Motorbike (44:13) The IM Record (45:53) Frankfurt and Racing the Best (47:20) Kristian's Marathon Potential (48:55) Alex Yee's Potential Ironman Thanks to the sponsors of this podcast series:MaurtenTo benefit from the one-time code and get 20% off your next purchase on Maurten.com, simply enter the code “TNMS2” at checkout. The code is applicable once per customer, on all products except the Maurten Bicarb System, valid until 31/12/2025.Maurten WebsiteInstagram: @maurten_officialYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/MaurtenOfficialPlasmaideVisit the plasmaide website and use the code “NM15” for a 15% discount on your order. Website: https://plasmaide.co.uk Instagram: @plasmaide Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@plasmaide Hosted, edited and produced by Dr David LipmanEditing, video and introduction by Roj Ferman
This episode was recorded at the 2025 Western Dairy Management Conference in Reno, Nevada. Dr. Sabine Mann, Cornell University; Dr. Will Mustas, Progressive Dairy Solutions; Dr. Don Niles, Dairy Dreams LLC; and Joey Airosa, Airosa Dairy Farms, introduce themselves. (0:48)Dr. Mann outlines the high points of her presentation. Giving an adequate amount of high-quality colostrum quickly after birth is essential to equip the calf with the best chances to stay healthy. Colostrum is more than a solution of water and immunoglobulins, and we are continuing to learn more about other nutrients and growth factors that colostrum contains. (12:03)Dr. Niles and Mr. Airosa talk about colostrum and maternity protocols on their dairies. Each has dedicated maternity staff in charge of postnatal calf care. Don mentions they often have public tours of their dairy and shares some anecdotes. Joey's maternity staff try to get colostrum in calves within 30 minutes of birth and have worked out a good communication system to ensure seamless calf care when shift changes occur. (13:57)Dr. Mann emphasizes the timing of colostrum delivery is critical. But what about the amount? Should every calf get four liters? Joey notes they bottle feed and have settled on three quarts for Holstein calves and two quarts for Jersey calves. Sabine says research backs that up - calves will not voluntarily drink much more than 3-3.5 liters. Using esophageal feeders to give four liters could be overfeeding in some cases, which could cause slower emptying of the stomach and thus slower arrival and uptake of immunoglobulins at the small intestine. The four liter recommendation came from the idea that good quality colostrum probably had about 50 grams per liter of IgG, and at that time, we wanted to get 200 grams into the calf. Perhaps making a sheet with recommended amounts based on calf weights could be helpful for maternity staff. Dr. Mann also clarifies that the 50 grams per liter of IgG is not really good quality colostrum. Most herds average about 90-100 grams per liter of IgG in colostrum. She recommends every farm find out how good their colostrum is and optimize feeding amounts from there. (22:45)Dr. Mann notes the importance of making sure dry cows are not deficient in protein supply and ensuring the dry period is long enough to create high-quality colostrum. While it's commonly thought older cows have better colostrum than young cows, she underlines again the importance of measuring colostrum quality to know for sure. She also highly recommends measuring colostrum quality from individual cows before pooling so that poor colostrum does not dilute good colostrum. (31:04)Dr. Mustas shares some of the challenges he's seeing on dairies where he consults. What can we do to control the bacteriological quality of colostrum? He notes there's no reason we can't get very low bacteria counts pre-pasteurization. Making sure maternity areas are clean and sanitary, udders are prepped very well, and harvesting equipment is not neglected are all great strategies. (35:53)Dr. Mann talks about individual cow variation in colostrum production and some factors that might influence including placental interactions, hormones, and genetics. (38:04)Scott and Sabine discuss some of the research around supplementing with choline during the dry period and subsequent colostrum production. (41:28)Dr. Niles comments that pasteurization of colostrum has been one of the most exciting technologies to come along. On his farm, the pasteurizer has given them much more control over colostrum quality and delivery time. Dr. Mann agrees storage of colostrum has given dairies the ability to be strategic about how they use colostrum, what colostrum they use, and to also plan for seasonal colostrum shortages. She agrees with Dr. Mustas that clean colostrum harvesting equipment is key to low bacterial counts. (44:13)Dr. Mustas talks about how the beef-on-dairy phenomenon has altered colostrum protocols. Calf ranches are giving deductions for poor colostrum scores when calves are received. Some operations even offer premiums or discounts on daily yardage depending on individual calf colostrum scores. (50:21)Joey, Don, and Sabine comment on the importance of finding the right people to work in maternity and instilling the idea that taking care of cows and calves is both a great responsibility and a great honor. (52:56)The panel wraps up with their take-home thoughts. (58:31)Please subscribe and share with your industry friends to invite more people to join us at the Real Science Exchange virtual pub table. If you want one of our Real Science Exchange t-shirts, screenshot your rating, review, or subscription, and email a picture to anh.marketing@balchem.com. Include your size and mailing address, and we'll mail you a shirt.
A trade team from Japan spent some time in Idaho learning about the state's beef industry.
This episode was recorded at the 2025 Western Dairy Management Conference in Reno, Nevada. Gregg Doud, National Milk Producers Federation, begins with an overview of his talk regarding recent and ongoing investments in the dairy industry. Dan Siemers, Siemers Holsteins, notes they were able to build a new dairy and find a new milk market because Agropur built a new plant in their area. Corey Geiger, CoBank, describes that the US is approaching $9 billion of new investment in dairy plants coming online through 2027, over half of that in cheese. High-quality whey protein isolates are in equal demand as cheese, so that has been a large part of the investment as well. He mentions investment in class one beverage milk and extended shelf life, as well as growth in yogurt and Greek yogurt. The panel also discusses milk in schools. (1:35)Corey talks about the generational change on dairy farms regarding components. Dan mentions that in one generation, you can increase the fat percentage by 0.4 using bulls available today. The focus on pounds of fat and protein plus health traits has resulted in somewhat less milk. Dan feels that the industry needs to focus a bit more on pounds of milk as a carrier to get protein back in the business. Some plants indicate there might almost be too much fat, so a focus on protein pounds may be in order. (11:03)Corey states that 92% of dairy farmers get paid on multiple component pricing, and 90% of that milk check is butter fat and protein. While some cheese plants don't quite need all the butter fat that's coming from dairy farms, it's important to note that we are still not filling our butter fat needs domestically. There are definitely opportunities in the butter sector. The panel discusses some shuffling in domestic processing might also be needed to better use the sweet cream that's available. (13:01)Scott asks about export markets in developing countries. Gregg mentions that many Central American dairy products contain vegetable oil, so there is a lot of potential there. Corey agrees and states there is also similar potential in the Middle East and North Africa. He also notes that lack of refrigeration is still an issue in some parts of the world, so shelf-stable products are critical. Gregg mentions that drinkable yogurts are in demand in Latin America. (18:29)The panel dives into the way beef on dairy has changed the industry. Dan notes the baby calf market has been a huge profit center, where the dairy can essentially break even and the calves provide the profit. This may be creating a challenge where a lot of dairies aren't creating enough replacement dairy heifers. (23:16)Data and how we use it is the next topic the group discusses. Gregg shares a story of an MIT grad who is developing an artificial intelligence algorithm to combine cow genetics with different diet ingredients and feed additives to decrease methane production while improving cow productivity. (28:49)The panelists close out the episode with their take-home messages. Corey gives listeners a look at the impact of the domestic dairy market. Dan shares the sustainability story and climate impact of the dairy industry will continue to be important. Gregg is excited about new technologies, but asks for assistance in working with the federal government to get those technologies approved at the speed of commerce. The panel also discusses the impacts of tariffs on agriculture and how dairy farmers need to be communicating with their members of Congress. (32:56)Please reach out to your Congress members. Start the conversation, and help them understand!Please subscribe and share with your industry friends to invite more people to join us at the Real Science Exchange virtual pub table. If you want one of our Real Science Exchange t-shirts, screenshot your rating, review, or subscription, and email a picture to anh.marketing@balchem.com. Include your size and mailing address, and we'll mail you a shirt.
Jesus' death and resurrection change everything – and on this Easter Sunday we look at how His sacrifice set a new and better plan for our lives into motion. Pastor Kit looks at Hebrews 9:11-22.
In this episode of Casual Cattle Conversations, Shaye Wanner talks with Kelly Sanders and Taylor Garcia from Westway Feed Products to break down the real benefits of liquid feed in the beef industry. From improving cattle nutrition to supporting better ranch management, this conversation tackles everything from urea safety and cost savings to optimizing calf growth. If you're curious about feed safety, supplement strategies, and boosting profitability on your ranch, this episode is for you. Top Takeaways: Liquid feed enhances pasture utilization and cow health. Urea is safe and effective when used correctly. Calves over 500 lbs can benefit from liquid nutritional supplements. Liquid feed improves labor efficiency and can reduce feed costs. Ranchers should seek customized feed programs for best results. Timestamps: 00:00 – Introduction to Liquid Feed and Its Importance 02:57 – Understanding Urea in Liquid Feed 05:58 – The Safety and Efficacy of Urea 08:55 – Cost Benefits of Liquid Feed 11:57 – Nutritional Value and Composition of Urea 15:12 – Year-Round Liquid Feed Availability 18:12 – Impact on Calf Growth and Development 20:48 – Debunking Myths About Urea 24:05 – Liquid Feed Delivery and Accessibility 26:48 – Final Thoughts and Resources Connect with Westway Feed Products
AP correspondent Ben Thomas reports a herd of elephants at the San Diego Zoo Safari Park protected their young during yesterday's earthquake.
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This week the COWboys are talking about calving season. Along with some fun and lively conversation on the topic, you'll also hear some great music from Daron Little (Calvin' Time), Red Steagall (Draggin' Calves to the Fire), Matt Robertson (Ridingnand Roping), and Trinity Seely (Old Poly Rope). There is also some great cowboy poetry this week from Baxter Black (Calving Nighty). We'll have the ever popular Dick's Pick (A White Sport Coat), Cowpoke Poetry, and a whole bunch of goofin' off too!
Dr. Drackley begins with an overview of his presentation at the 2025 Florida Ruminant Nutrition Symposium, focusing on the NASEM requirements for pre-weaned calves. He mentions some differences in energy and protein requirement calculations compared to the NRC system, as well as increased vitamin E recommendations and a more biologically based factorial approach to calculating mineral requirements. (5:59)Dr. Overton notes that milk replacements can be formulated differently to account for changes in mineral or vitamin requirements. In herds that feed whole milk, is there any reason to think about supplementing those calves? Dr. Drackley suggests that Mother Nature may have been smarter than us all along, as the composition of whole milk matches very well with the nutrient requirements of calves. (9:43)Dr. Lundquist asked what the impetus was for the increase in vitamin E requirements. Dr. Drackley refers to a series of studies examining the role of vitamin E in immune function that have shown the previous requirements were too low to achieve optimum health outcomes. Many dairies give a vitamin injection after birth to help boost young calves. (11:45)The panel discusses improved colostrum feeding efforts and the variation in successful passive immunity that still exists in the industry. (13:51)Scott asks Dr. Overton what gaps he sees in calf nutrition from his Extension specialist perspective, and he suggests that best management for weaning is still a big topic. Dr. Drackley agrees this is an area that needs some attention. He feels the industry is doing better on the baby calf side by feeding more milk, but then that almost makes weaning more difficult because people are not changing their mindset about how to step calves down from milk or what age to wean calves. (16:39)For people feeding more milk than the traditional 1.25 lbs of solids, Dr. Drackley recommends extending weaning time to eight instead of six weeks. He also recommends at least one step down in the amount of milk, which could be a week of feeding just once a day. Calf starter formulation and quality are also critical. Research shows that providing a small amount of forage, preferably grass hay or straw, before weaning is beneficial for buffering and rumination. (18:47)Dr. Overton asks about the research gap in our understanding of transition cow management and how that impacts the calf in utero and after birth. The panel discusses heat stress and season of birth impacts on calf growth and first lactation performance. (26:08)The panel wraps up with their take-home messages. Discussion includes pelleted versus texturized starters, sugars in a starter to promote rumen development, the value of increasing the quality and quantity of calf nutrition, the thermoneutral zone in baby calves, and outsourcing calf raising. (33:10)Please subscribe and share with your industry friends to invite more people to join us at the Real Science Exchange virtual pub table. If you want one of our Real Science Exchange t-shirts, screenshot your rating, review, or subscription, and email a picture to anh.marketing@balchem.com. Include your size and mailing address, and we'll mail you a shirt.
Is it really worth it to follow God when the wicked seem to win? In this powerful and hope-filled conclusion to the book of Malachi, we see that God is not blind to injustice nor forgetful of faithfulness. He promises that the Day of the Lord is coming—a day when the arrogant will face judgment, and the faithful will leap like calves set free. The same God who calls His people to remember and return also provides the mercy we so desperately need in Jesus Christ.This sermon unpacks the final words of the Old Testament, showing us how the story points forward to Christ, the true Sun of Righteousness, who brings healing in His wings.
Dr. Hansen's lab conducted several in vitro experiments where choline chloride was supplemented to beef embryo culture media for the first seven days of embryonic development. Calves resulting from the choline-supplemented embryos were consistently 17-20 kilograms heavier at weaning. In the feeding experiment presented at the Florida Ruminant Nutrition Symposium, Dr. Sagheer fed rumen-protected choline to beef cows one day before AI through seven days post-AI, spanning ovulation, fertilization, and the first seven days of embryo development. In contrast to the in vitro studies, calves born to cows supplemented with choline during the peri-conception period were lighter at weaning than control calves. The panel discusses potential mechanisms of action for these results, including choline's role as a methyl donor potentially impacting the epigenetic programming of the embryo.
4th Hour of Shan and RJ!
This week, we chat to Adam about the rise in popularity of rearing dairy beef calves, we get an update from Darren on schemes and Aidan talks about ten years on from when the quota brakes came off. We also caught up with Bryan Harte from Tirlán. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
In this episode of Talk Dirt to Me, we're answering your questions—and it's a good one. We dive into the pros and cons of buying dairy calves for a beef operation, share insights on growing specialty grasses for hay production, and talk about the challenge every hard-working farmer faces: balancing work and family life. Plus, in our Made in America segment, we shine the spotlight on Few Will Hunt, a brand that lives and breathes grit, work ethic, and American pride. Whether you're running cows or just trying to run your day without burning out, this one's packed with practical tips, real talk, and a whole lot of heart. Agzaga is the official sponsor of Talk Dirt to Me! It is the ultimate online farm store. American owned and operated. Go check out their site and get what you need. Be sure to use the code TALKDIRT to get 10% off your order! Visit them at: https://agzaga.com If you enjoy this episode then please leave us a review and share this episode with your friends! Follow us on social media: Talk Dirt to Me Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/talkdirtpodcast/ Bobby Lee: Facebook- https://www.facebook.com/search/top?q=hurricane%20creek%20farms Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/hurricanecreekfarm/ YouTube- https://www.youtube.com/c/HurricaneCreekFarms Logan: Facebook- https://www.facebook.com/LHFarmsTN Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/lo.hanks/ YouTube- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCqYpTjKQtOMABFOc2Aw3_Ow
Hour 3: Diamond Calves; Should the Mavericks Be on the Contending or Rebuilding List; Below the Belt full 2379 Fri, 21 Mar 2025 14:14:30 +0000 mVb0C0cw0SPBjLw2jua8EEc2ulFSej9d sports Shan and RJ sports Hour 3: Diamond Calves; Should the Mavericks Be on the Contending or Rebuilding List; Below the Belt 105.3 The Fan 2024 © 2021 Audacy, Inc. Sports False
This week: South Coast Rail is set to roll next Monday, changing the way the region connects to Boston. And, right whales return to Cape Cod Bay — including a couple of calves.
Calving season can be one of the most rewarding yet challenging times on the farm. Ensuring healthy deliveries and strong calves requires preparation, vigilance, and the right tools on hand. Veterinarian Dr. Angela Garavet with Armor Animal Health says that with unpredictable weather and unexpected complications always a possibility, knowing what steps to take can make all the difference. For additional resources, Garavet recommends visiting dairy.extension.wisc.edu for helpful videos and in-person events.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
In this episode, Jared Sorensen sits down with rancher and cattle expert Shane Blakely to talk all things calves and heifers. Shane shares his insights on breeding strategies, herd management, and key practices to ensure profitability in your operation. Whether you're a seasoned rancher or just getting started, this conversation is packed with valuable tips to help you raise healthier, more productive cattle. Tune in and learn how to optimize your herd for long-term success! Be sure to check out our previous episodes or visit our YouTube channel.
In this episode of The Dairy Podcast Show, Dr. Scott Earnest from ProAGtive Technologies shares practical advice on improving dairy replacement health and management. He highlights effective strategies for raising healthier heifers, minimizing non-completion rates, and reducing costs. Dr. Earnest also emphasizes the importance of proper hygiene and colostrum management to ensure strong, healthy calves. Don't miss this opportunity to discover ways to boost your dairy replacement program and improve overall herd productivity!"Better hygiene in calf barns directly impacts average daily gains and first lactation milk production."Meet the guest: Dr. Scott Earnest, Director of Technical Services at ProAGtive Technologies, brings a wealth of experience in dairy cattle health management. A graduate of the University of Wisconsin-Madison's Veterinary School, Dr. Earnest has spent years supporting dairy farms with nutrition and management consulting. He focuses on optimizing heifer programs, improving livestock performance, and reducing economic inefficiencies.What you'll learn:(00:00) Highlight(01:29) Introduction(03:44) Dairy industry journey(04:58) Heifer programs(08:14) Slippage rates(15:55) Cattle health & hygiene(26:38) Calf care(28:14) Final questionsThe Dairy Podcast Show is trusted and supported by innovative companies like:dsm-firmenich* Adisseo- Natural Biologics- Scoular- Priority IAC- Protekta- Volac- SmaXtec- ICC- Acepsis- Trouw Nutrition- Berg + Schmidt
A bill to fund the Missing and Murdered Indigenous Persons task force awaits the governor's signature; Judge rules law defining male and female unconstitutional; Elk calves die after eating toxic ornamental plants in the Bitterroot Valley.
Psalm 122 (Alter)Andrew and Edwin discuss the relationship between desire and decree when it comes to worshiping in the Lord's House.Read the written devo that goes along with this episode by clicking here. Let us know what you are learning or any questions you have. Email us at TextTalk@ChristiansMeetHere.org. Join the Facebook community and join the conversation by clicking here. We'd love to meet you. Be a guest among the Christians who meet on Livingston Avenue. Click here to find out more. Michael Eldridge sang all four parts of our theme song. Find more from him by clicking here. Thanks for talking about the text with us today.________________________________________________If the hyperlinks do not work, copy the following addresses and paste them into the URL bar of your web browser: Daily Written Devo: https://readthebiblemakedisciples.wordpress.com/?p=20475The Christians Who Meet on Livingston Avenue: http://www.christiansmeethere.org/Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/TalkAboutTheTextFacebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/texttalkMichael Eldridge: https://acapeldridge.com/
Welcome to BCI Cattle Chat! On this episode the experts dive into managing your yearling bulls. Next, they answer a listener question about adapting your mineral program throughout the year. Finally, the experts give some tips on handling fall born calves. Thanks for tuning in and enjoy the episode! 2:16 Yearling Bulls: Bull Value Cow-Q-Lator 11:05 Listener… Continue reading Yearling Bulls, Mineral Listener Question, Fall Born Calves
In this episode, we honor and celebrate the remarkable career and contributions of Dr. Jim Drackley from the University of Illinois, a pioneer in dairy science and animal nutrition. Jim's work has reshaped our understanding of dairy cow health, metabolism and nutrition. Dr. Cardoso, Dr. Overton, and co-host Dr. Jeff Elliott are former coworkers or graduate students of Dr. Drackley's. (0:11)Dr. Drackley begins by telling the audience about his background and how he became a dairy scientist. He talks about several of his mentors during his schooling. (9:20)Speaking of mentors, Scott asks Dr. Elliot, Dr. Overton, and Dr. Cardoso to describe Dr. Drackley's mentorship of them during teaching, graduate school and beyond. They praise Jim's thoughtfulness and hands-off approach that taught them to think critically. (14:06)When it comes to major contributions to the industry, Dr. Drackley names two that he is most proud of: expanding the knowledge of controlled energy dry cow programs using straw and corn silage to help control energy intake and his work in baby calf nutrition, specifically feeding more milk on-farm to calves. Dr. Overton adds that a visionary paper Dr. Drackley wrote in the late 1990s where he referred to the transition period as the final frontier as another important contribution. Dr. Cardoso also emphasizes Dr. Drackley's excellent teaching skills as another achievement of note. (20:58)Dr. Drackley says the teaching part of the job was the part that scared him the most when he started. Graduate school offers little formal teaching training and experience so one learns on the job. Jim describes his teaching style as organized, and he liked teaching in an outline fashion, working from the main topic down through the details. He worked hard to get to know the students, learn their names as soon as possible, and be approachable and empathetic. Later in his career, he used a flipped classroom approach for a lactation biology course and enjoyed it. (28:45)The panel then reminisces about how much technology has changed from a teaching perspective as well as statistical analysis. Lecturing has moved from chalkboard to overhead projector to slide carousel to PowerPoint. Statistical analysis has moved from punch cards or sending data to a mainframe computer to performing real-time statistical analysis on your computer at your desk. (33:00)Jeff, Phil, and Tom share stories and memories of their time with Jim. (37:30)Scott asks Jim what challenges will need to be tackled in the future in the dairy industry. He lists environmental aspects (nitrogen, phosphorus, and greenhouse gases), increasing economic pressure on farms, and improving forage production and efficiency of nutrient use. Dr. Drackley's advice for young researchers is to carve out a niche for yourself. (47:40)Dr. Elliott, Dr. Overton, and Dr. Cardoso share some final thoughts paying tribute to Dr. Drackley and his accomplished career. (1:06:18)Please subscribe and share with your industry friends to invite more people to join us at the Real Science Exchange virtual pub table. If you want one of our Real Science Exchange t-shirts, screenshot your rating, review, or subscription, and email a picture to anh.marketing@balchem.com. Include your size and mailing address, and we'll mail you a shirt.
Certain animals might spring to mind when it comes to folklore. Hares, horses, deer, cats - they all have an otherworldly quality to them. Would you consider the same of cows? There's a surprising amount of folklore about cows. They can be death omens, fairy cattle, consumption cures, or even the guardians of treasure. That's not even considering the deities associated with cows, or their appearance in mythology. Just look at the various versions of the Taurus origin myth. But let's take a look at some of the legends and lore associated with cows in this week's episode of Fabulous Folklore! Find the images and references on the blog post: https://www.icysedgwick.com/cows-folklore/ Cattle in Irish myth and legend class: https://irishpaganschool.com/p/irish-animals-history-myth Get your free guide to home protection the folklore way here: https://www.icysedgwick.com/fab-folklore/ Become a member of the Fabulous Folklore Family for bonus episodes and articles at https://patreon.com/bePatron?u=2380595 Buy Icy a coffee or sign up for bonus episodes at: https://ko-fi.com/icysedgwick Fabulous Folklore Bookshop: https://uk.bookshop.org/shop/fabulous_folklore Pre-recorded illustrated talks: https://ko-fi.com/icysedgwick/shop Request an episode: https://forms.gle/gqG7xQNLfbMg1mDv7 Get extra snippets of folklore on Instagram at https://instagram.com/icysedgwick Find Icy on BlueSky: https://bsky.app/profile/icysedgwick.bsky.social 'Like' Fabulous Folklore on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/fabulousfolklore/
Get Started With Muscle Activation Techniques® To Keep Your Muscles Strong & Functioning Well: http://vagaro.com/muscleactivationschaumburg/services Do your calves get tight when you walk or workout? There are many methods and remedies to try to stretch and loosen the calves, but all of them are missing one big variable that helps your calves relax. Unfortunately, this common misunderstanding about tight calves leads many people to constantly feel like their calves are tight every time they try to exert themselves. On this week's episode of the Exercise Is Health® podcast, we are identifying what this misunderstanding is and what you can do to easily overcome it. We lay out a simple plan of action for you to follow to effectively relieve your calf tightness once and for all and give you the steps to start implementing the plan immediately. If your calves refuse to relax no matter how much you try to work on them, listen up! What we share in this discussion will be the missing piece of the puzzle for you. Check out all the details in this week's episode! Ready to schedule your first Muscle Activation Techniques® session with us? Click here to get started: http://vagaro.com/muscleactivationschaumburg/services Would you like to have our guidance implementing the 4 Exercise For Life Principles while you workout? Join the Exercise For Life Membership for free for 30 days! Just head to www.exerciseforlifestudios.com to get started! Did you find this episode helpful? Let us know by leaving us a rating and review on the following platforms: – Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/exercise-is-health/id1330420565 – Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/6H1CneHjsPiPStrAeFTP25?si=X1IuXkp0T1KCv3gCtt3j5g Want to grab a free copy of our best-selling book, “The Exercise For Life Method”? Click here to order yours while copies are still available! www.exerciseforlifemethod.com Just cover the cost of shipping and handling to have it delivered right to you. Follow us on Instagram for more exercise tips and content about MAT® here: – Muscle Activation Schaumburg: @muscleactivationschaumburg – Julie Cates: @julcates – Charlie Cates: @charliecates
This Real Science Exchange podcast episode was recorded during a webinar from Balchem's Real Science Lecture Series. You can find it at balchem.com/realscience.How can we increase milk protein and capture that income opportunity? Dr. Van Amburgh describes the seasonal drop in milk protein observed in the summer months. Heat stress may play a role in altering insulin sensitivity and how the cow partitions nutrients. What can we do to avoid that seasonal decline in milk protein? (0:01)Simple things like cooling, fans, and sprinklers can reduce heat stress and increase cow comfort. Dr. Van Amburgh recommends promoting dry matter intake and lying time, with feed available 21-22 hours per day and more than 12 hours of lying time per day. (5:27)Dr. Van Amburgh discusses basic formulation considerations for amino acid balancing including current feed chemical analyses that include NDF digestibility, characterizing the cows appropriately by using accurate body weights, understanding DMI and making sure actual milk lines up with ME and MP allowable milk, assessing body condition changes, and understanding the first limiting nutrient of milk production. Areas where mistakes are often made include using much lighter body weights than actual to formulate rations, not using actual DMI, and using feed library values instead of actual feed chemistry. (8:00)Milk protein percentage and dietary energy are closely aligned. This is often attributed to ruminal fermentation and microbial yield. Sugars, starches, and digestible fiber sources drive microbial yield. While protein and energy metabolism are considered to be separate, that is an artificial divide and they should be considered together. Once adequate energy for protein synthesis is available, providing more dietary protein or amino acids can increase protein synthesis further. Dr. Van Amburgh provides some ranges of target fermentable non-structural carbohydrates, starch, sugar and soluble fiber appropriate for early peak and mid-lactation cows. He speaks about the benefits of adding sugars to the diet instead of trying to continue to increase starch. (11:15)Dr. Van Amburgh details an experiment using more byproduct feeds in a lactation diet to successfully increase intake and subsequently, milk protein content. (24:04)Milk protein increases with higher DCAD in diets, independent of protein level. Increasing DCAD can also lead to increased DMI, probably through better fiber digestion. The mechanism is not completely understood, but perhaps some rumen microbes have a higher requirement for potassium. In another study, feeding higher DCAD resulted in an 11% increase in milk protein yield and a 26% increase in milk fat yield. (32:39)Feeding fatty acids may also improve milk protein via insulin signaling pathways. A 5.6% increase in milk protein was observed when the ratio of palmitic acid to oleic acid was around 1.5:1. (36:21)Dr. Van Amburgh encourages the audience to pay close attention to digestibility of dietary ingredients and shares an analysis of ten different sources of feather meal that varied in digestibility from around 50% up to 75%. (40:10)Dr. Van Amburgh details an experiment targeting optimum methionine and lysine levels for improved milk protein. In an example with 60 Mcals of ME in the diet, the targets were 71 grams of methionine and 193 grams of lysine. (42:00)Questions from the webinar audience were addressed. They included information about the best type of sugars to add to diets, if protozoa are preferentially retained in the rumen, BMR vs conventional corn silage, amino acid supply when dietary crude protein is around 14-15%, using metabolizable energy instead of net energy, variability of animal protein blends, and methionine to lysine ratios. (48:23)To end this podcast, Dr. Jose Santos steps in to invite everyone to the Florida Ruminant Nutrition Symposium in Gainesville held February 24-26.Please subscribe and share with your industry friends to invite more people to join us at the Real Science Exchange virtual pub table. If you want one of our Real Science Exchange t-shirts, screenshot your rating, review, or subscription, and email a picture to anh.marketing@balchem.com. Include your size and mailing address, and we'll mail you a shirt.
In this study, two basal diets were fed, one low-fat and one high-fat. The low-fat diet contained cottonseed meal and cottonseed hulls and the high-fat diet contained whole cottonseed. This balanced fiber and protein to try and make the difference between the basal diets and just the fatty acids. Basal diets were supplemented with two different fat supplements that had different ratios of palmitic and oleic acids. The applied question at hand was “Does fat need to be supplemented to a high-fat basal diet?” (5:32)The low-fat diet contained 1.93% fatty acids and the high-fat diet contained 3.15% fatty acids. Fatty acid supplements were fed at 1.5% of dry matter and replaced soyhulls. The palmitic acid supplement contained 80% palmitic acid and 10% oleic acid. The palmitic + oleic acid supplement contained 60% palmitic acid and 30% oleic acid. Thirty-six cows were used in a split-plot Latin square design, with half the cows on each basal diet. Under each split-plot, cows were allocated to a 3x3 Latin square, evaluating a control treatment (no fat supplement), palmitic acid supplement, and palmitic + oleic acid supplement. (8:46)Bill, Adam, and Clay discuss the increase in milk components the industry has experienced recently due to the powerful combination of genetics and nutrition. Hoard's Dairyman reported that 2024 was the first year that the U.S. had averaged over 4% milk fat going back to 1924 when records began. (13:01)Both fat supplements increased milk yield in low-fat and high-fat basal diets, but the magnitude of the increase was larger in the low-fat diet. The high palmitic acid diet increased milk yield more in cows fed the low-fat basal diet than the palmitic + oleic supplement did. High-fat basal diet cows had similar milk yield responses to both fatty acid supplements. The panel discusses the industry emphasis on milk components and if/when a threshold in performance might happen given the advancement of genomics and nutrition. (15:51)Clay asks Adam to remind the listeners about the relationship between fatty acids and crude fat or ether extract. Adam recommends moving away from ether extract and focusing solely on fatty acid content. Bill, Adam, and Clay talk about the variability in the fatty acid content of various feedstuffs. (25:33)Bill asks if the feed efficiency improvement with the fat supplementation was due to more of a gross energy or digestible/metabolizable energy effect. Adam suggests it may be a little of both. The diet is more energy-dense, but we also know now that some of those specific fatty acids have specific effects. Improvements in NDF digestibility are consistently observed with palmitic acid supplementation. Oleic acid improves fatty acid absorption and has an impact on adipose tissue metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Bill and Adam go on to talk more philosophically about the best way to measure feed efficiency in dairy cows. (29:02)If Adam could do this experiment over again, he would have pushed the basal fat levels a bit more and had both lower-producing and higher-producing cows in the experiment. This leads to a discussion of how the results might have differed if distiller grains or soybeans were used instead of cottonseed in the experiment. Listeners should be careful not to extrapolate the results from this experiment to other fat sources. (33:55)Adam emphasizes that we shouldn't be afraid of feeding high-fat diets, either basal or supplemental fatty acids, especially to high-producing cows. We should be very mindful about where those fatty acids are coming from. We could provide the same nutrients by feeding either cottonseed or distillers grains, but how those ingredients feed out could be very different. (38:38)In summary, Clay agrees we should take a fresh look at how much fat we're feeding cows in basal diets and underlines the importance of the source of supplemental fatty acids. Bill concurs and commends Adam's group for basically making cottonseed without fat in the low-fat basal diet, which allowed for very clean interpretations of the fatty acid supplement results. Adam underlines that we can feed higher fat diets, but the fatty acid profile of all of those ingredients we might use is going to be key. In addition to fatty acids in diets and supplements, de novo synthesis of milk fat from acetate is the other half of the equation. Bringing those together might be a strategy to keep up with genetic improvements and drive higher milk fat yield. (47:43)You can find this episode's journal club paper from JDS Communications here: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666910223001114Please subscribe and share with your industry friends to invite more people to join us at the Real Science Exchange virtual pub table. If you want one of our Real Science Exchange t-shirts, screenshot your rating, review, or subscription, and email a picture to anh.marketing@balchem.com. Include your size and mailing address, and we'll mail you a shirt.
This Real Science Exchange podcast episode was recorded during a webinar from Balchem's Real Science Lecture Series. You can find it at balchem.com/realscience.Feeding rumen-protected choline in early lactation has consistently increased milk yield and energy-corrected milk yield, which is more pronounced when cows are fed diets low in metabolizable methionine. Choline feeding also increases milk fat and protein yield, minimizes body condition loss in early lactation, and reduces postpartum disease incidence. Dr. McFadden presents three topics about choline biology in the dairy cow. (01:45)Why should we consider fatty acid feeding when feeding methyl donors like choline and methionine?Choline degradation in the rumen and small intestine, focusing on the role of triethylamine oxide Why should we consider lysophosphatidylcholine as an immunomodulator in fresh cows and preweaning calves?Fatty acid nutrition to optimize methyl donor efficiency. (4:02)Fatty liver is a concern for fresh cows because of its relationship with ketosis, poor fertility and compromised milk production. Cows with fatty liver exhibit low circulating concentrations of phosphatidylcholine, which is a component of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) that transport triglycerides out of the liver. Feeding rumen-protected choline lowers liver triglyceride deposition by supporting the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine and thus, VLDL. Dr. McFadden goes on to explain the two different pathways for phosphatidylcholine in the liver and how those interact with fatty acid metabolism. He describes several experiments that have investigated how rumen-protected choline and supplemental fatty acids interact in lactating cows. Low phosphatidylcholine supply is a key feature of fatty liver in dairy cows, likely due to low polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and low choline supplies. Delivery of post-ruminal PUFA may support phosphatidylcholine synthesis with accompanying improvements in insulin sensitivity, body condition maintenance, and inflammation, but interactions with dietary fatty acid digestibility should be considered. Dr. McFadden gives a list of considerations for fresh cow diets incorporating fat and choline supplementation. Gastrointestinal choline degradation and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) (16:58)Unprotected choline is almost totally degraded in the rumen. Microbes convert choline into trimethylamine (TMA) which is then converted to TMAO in the liver. Rumen-protected choline allows for a large proportion of choline to reach the small intestine intact. However, research shows that choline can also be degraded by microbes in the small intestine in the same pathway, limiting choline bioavailability. Plasma TMAO accumulation is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, inflammation, insulin resistance, obesity, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular disease in rodent and human models. Little research was available regarding if the relationship between TMAO and poor health was causative or just associative. Dr. McFadden's lab infused cows intravenously with TMAO and found that TMAO did not modify milk production or glucose tolerance in early lactation cows. TMAO does not appear to influence energy metabolism or health in early lactation cows. Choline is subject to both ruminal and lower-gut degradation to TMA, and that influence on choline bioavailability needs to be defined. Data in non-ruminants suggests that unsaturated fatty acid feeding can shift the gut microbes to slow TMA formation. Lysophosphatidylcholine and immunomodulation (28:45)Dr. McFadden gives an overview of neutrophil activation and the oxidative burst that contributes to pathogen killing. The ability to elicit the oxidative burst is diminished in pre-weaned calves and transition cows. When cows were given endotoxin to cause an immune response, circulating lysophosphatidylcholine was decreased. In rodent models, lysophosphatidylcholine promotes the oxidative burst and suppresses long-term inflammation in response to bacterial infection. Dr. McFadden cultured neutrophils from pre-weaned calves with lysophosphatidylcholine and observed an enhanced oxidative burst.Immunosuppression is characterized by low circulating lysophosphatidylcholine concentrations in dairy cows. In vitro data suggests lysophosphatidylcholine can activate neutrophils, and rumen-protected choline increases circulating lysophosphatidylcholine. Future research is likely to define an immunomodulatory role for choline. Dr. McFadden takes questions from the webinar audience. (38:07)Please subscribe and share with your industry friends to invite more people to join us at the Real Science Exchange virtual pub table. If you want one of our Real Science Exchange t-shirts, screenshot your rating, review, or subscription, and email a picture to anh.marketing@balchem.com. Include your size and mailing address, and we'll mail you a shirt.
Please note the recording was before the new NASEM model was released. However, there is still a lot of good information from Dr. Weiss beyond those recommendations. This Real Science Exchange podcast episode was recorded during a webinar from Balchem's Real Science Lecture Series. You can find it at balchem.com/realscience.Most ration formulation software uses the 2001 NRC mineral equations. The basic concept of the 2001 NRC mineral requirements is to feed enough absorbable minerals to maintain adequate labile body stores and fluid concentrations. Minerals are lost each day via excretion in feces and urine, milk production, and incorporation into tissues or the fetus in the case of growing or pregnant animals. We have decent data to predict mineral concentrations of milk, growth, and the fetus; however, the endogenous loss in feces is much harder to capture. Absorption coefficients (AC) for most minerals are exceedingly difficult to measure. (0:29)The NRC requirements are the means of several experiments. Feeding to the mean results in half the cows being fed adequately or in excess, and half are not fed enough. In human nutrition, recommended daily allowances for vitamins and minerals are calculated as the mean plus two standard deviations, which statistically meets the requirement for 97% of the population. Since the standard deviation of the requirement is hard to acquire, human nutrition uses the same standard deviation for energy metabolism, around 20%. Dr. Weiss feels this is a reasonable safety factor for minerals for animals as well. He recommends feeding about 1.2 times the NRC requirement while keeping an eye on the maximum tolerable limit for the mineral in question. (4:59)How do we measure absorption? We measure the minerals in the diet, we apply AC, and we get grams or milligrams of absorbed minerals available for the animal to use. Dr. Weiss details some of the complex methodology involved in trying to obtain AC. Feces contain not only unabsorbed dietary minerals but also endogenous/metabolic minerals (e.g., intestinal cells, enzymes, etc.) and homeostatic excretion of minerals (e.g., dumping excess minerals). In the 2001 NRC, the endogenous fecal for almost every mineral is a function of body weight, which is incorrect. It should be a function of dry matter intake. (8:40)Endogenous fecal losses can also be measured using stable or radioactive isotopes. This method is extremely expensive and if radioactive isotopes are used, management of radioactive waste becomes an issue. Thus, most of the AC for trace minerals that used these methods are 50-60 years old. (15:33)Dr. Weiss details some of the issues with calcium requirements in the 2001 NRC leading to overestimation of calcium absorption for many calcium sources and overestimation of the maintenance requirement due to endogenous fecal being calculated using body weight. Organic and inorganic phosphorus have different AC, so partitioning between organic and inorganic will give a more accurate estimate of the requirement. (16:33)Potassium has a linear antagonistic effect on magnesium. You can feed more magnesium to overcome this antagonism, but you won't ever eliminate it. If you feed a few percent added fat as long-chain fatty acids, Dr. Weiss recommends feeding 10-20% more magnesium to account for soap formation in the rumen. (19:17)It's much more difficult to measure AC for trace minerals due to multiple antagonists, interactions among different minerals, and regulated absorption. In addition, AC for trace minerals is very low, which means a small change in the AC can have a huge impact on diet formulation. All feeds in the NRC system have the same AC for each trace mineral and we know that's not right. (25:39)Dr. Weiss gives an overview of different trace mineral antagonisms and interactions and details his approach to formulation if he has absorption data for a particular ingredient. He also gives his estimates of revised AC for several minerals. (28:07)In summary, the factorial NRC approach only fits 50% of the population. Feeding an extra 10-20% above the NRC requirement includes about 97% of the population. We need to continue to account for more sources of variation in AC. Interactions need to be top of mind when considering mineral requirements and diet formulation. (37:39)Dr. Weiss takes a series of questions from the webinar audience. (40:50)Please subscribe and share with your industry friends to invite more people to join us at the Real Science Exchange virtual pub table. If you want one of our Real Science Exchange t-shirts, screenshot your rating, review, or subscription, and email a picture to anh.marketing@balchem.com. Include your size and mailing address, and we'll mail you a shirt.
Welcome back to the Next Level podcast! Today, I'm diving into some big fitness myths with my guest, Craig Smith. We'll debunk the ‘anabolic window,' talk about the importance of protein intake, and break down the different nutritional needs of bodybuilders versus everyday fitness enthusiasts. Craig also brings his expertise as a therapist to the table, sharing insights on couples therapy, blended families, and maintaining healthy relationships. Plus, we'll have some fun with our ‘overrated or underrated' segment, covering everything from fasting and wearable fitness trackers to stubborn calves and nootropics. This episode is packed with practical tips, fresh ideas, and a bit of humor. Join us, and let's take your fitness—and your life—to the next level! Join our 5 Pounds Down Challenge. Starts January 6th - Register Here Interested in working with a coach? Get a free nutrition consultation - Schedule Here Submit your questions to be featured on our Q&A episodes. Order from Cured Supplement Order from Legion Supplements and get 20% off your first order by using discount code: keynutrition Connect with us on Instagram Host Brad Jensen – @thesoberbodybuilder Next Level Nutrition – @mynextlevelnutrition Episode Timestamps 06:47 Fasting benefits health, spiritual and digestive well-being. 11:00 Calf size is largely determined by genetics. 12:52 Genetics influence calf size; training impacts appearance. 16:46 Pedometer helps track daily activity goals. 21:45 Fasted or fed: workout preference varies individually. 25:14 Anabolic window overrated; timing less critical. 28:02 Questionable guests on CEO Diary ruffle feathers. 31:48 Couples therapy overrated; premarital counseling underrated. 37:07 Regular tune-ups are beneficial despite seeming trivial. 37:50 Consistent check-ins thanks to your podcast. 42:25 My favorite nootropics are peptides for focus. 45:01 Personalize, experiment, track nootropics for optimal benefits. 49:56 Finally caught up on Q&A responses.
This Real Science Exchange podcast episode was recorded during a webinar from Balchem's Real Science Lecture Series. You can find it at balchem.com/realscience.Feeding behavior of dairy cows is inherently tied to their dry matter intake (DMI) which is tied to milk production. If we want to change a cow's DMI, it must be mediated by changing her feeding behavior. (00:23)In a multi-variable analysis, Dr. DeVries found that DMI was most associated with feeding time and meal frequency. It's important to allow the cow to maximize the amount of time she can spend at the bunk eating, as well as the number of times she can get to the bunk each day. In one study, about 30% of the variability in milk fat content in cows on the same diet was explained by their meal frequency, where cows who had more meals per day had higher milk fat. Dr. DeVries also talks about the impacts of feeding behavior on cow efficiency and rumen dynamics. (2:13)As soon as a cow sorts the TMR put in front of her, she consumes a diet that's variable in composition to what we expect. Cows who sorted against long feed particles had lower milk fat and milk protein concentrations. In another study, Dr. DeVries retrospectively analyzed cows with a low vs high risk of ruminal acidosis. Cows in both groups had similar DMI but a tendency for high-risk cows to have lower milk yield and numerically lower milk fat. Combining these resulted in significantly lower fat-corrected milk for the high-risk cows. Given that the diets and DMI were similar, the difference was attributed to sorting, which can have quite negative impacts on individual and herd-level production. (10:00)Cows spend nearly twice as much time ruminating as they do eating. Rumination reduces feed particle size and increases surface area, leading to increased rates of digestion and feed passage. In a recent study, Dr. DeVries' group calculated the probability that cows were ruminating while lying down using automated monitoring data from previous experiments. Cows with a higher probability of ruminating while lying down had higher DMI, milk fat, and milk protein than cows who ruminated while standing. This highlights that cows need not only time to ruminate but also space for sufficient rest. (16:44)Diets and diet composition should be formulated to encourage frequent meals, discourage sorting, and stimulate rumination. Forage management factors including forage quality, forage quantity, forage type (dry vs ensiled), and particle size all play important roles. In a study with fresh cows, Dr. DeVries' lab fed two different particle sizes of straw: 5-8 cm vs 2-3 cm in length. While DMI was the same over the first 28 days of lactation, cows fed the long straw spent more time with rumen pH below 5.8 because they were sorting against the straw. This also resulted in a yield difference, as the short straw-fed cows produced about 165 pounds more milk over the first 28 days compared to the long straw group. Dr. DeVries also comments on the use of feed additives on rumen stability and feeding behavior (22:54)More frequent feed delivery should generate more consistent consumption and better feeding behavior, and improve rumen health and milk component concentration. Shifting feed delivery away from return from milking, while still ensuring cows have abundant feed available, results in more consistent eating patterns. Dr. DeVries emphasizes that we push up feed to make sure it's present at the bunk, not to stimulate cows to eat. We want to make sure that eating behavior is driven by the cow: when she's hungry and goes to the bunk, we need to make sure feed is there. (30:02)Dr. DeVries indicates we want to minimize the time cows are without feed completely. An empty bunk overnight plus a little overcrowding resulted in negative impacts on rumen health, including more acidosis and reduced fiber digestibility. Increased competition in overcrowding scenarios results in cows having larger meals, eating faster, and likely having a larger negative ruminal impact. In another study, every four inches of increased bunk space was associated with about 0.06% greater milk fat. Herds with high de novo fat synthesis were 10 times more likely to have at least 18 inches of bunk space per cow. (40:04)In closing, Dr. DeVries' biggest takeaway is that how cows eat is just as important as the nutritional composition of the feed in ensuring cow health, efficiency, and production. Collectively, with good quality feed and good feeding management, we can gain optimal performance from those diets. Dr. DeVries ends by taking questions from the webinar audience. (43:40)Please subscribe and share with your industry friends to invite more people to join us at the Real Science Exchange virtual pub table. If you want one of our Real Science Exchange t-shirts, screenshot your rating, review, or subscription, and email a picture to anh.marketing@balchem.com. Include your size and mailing address, and we'll mail you a shirt.
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