Podcasts about Cattle

To be the first time to do a post game sort for the Austin steer show, while also having Dr. Greiner on for the first time is humbling yet so enjoyable. The quality and depth of the Austin steer show was immense, and Dr. Greiner goes through every breed with Weston while they also discuss the evolution of slick cattle. This is a fun post game sort. Congratulations to all exhibitors and make sure to tune in! Empowerment Is Here. 

In this episode, we sit down for a deep dive into beef, business, ranching, veteran opportunity, and what it actually takes to build a start-to-finish American cattle operation. We talk with the team behind Little Belt Cattle Company about how they built a 100% Montana-raised beef program, why restaurants became their core business, the truth about dry aging vs wet aging, how USDA labeling can confuse customers, and why food security matters more than most people realize.   We also get into the transition from the military to agriculture, the parallels between ranching and special operations, and how veteran internship programs are helping build the next generation of producers.   Topics include: • Building a direct-to-consumer and restaurant beef business • Wet aging vs dry aging • Steak cuts, seasoning, and cooking methods • Why reverse sear works so well • Cattle production from calf to finished beef • The real reasons beef prices have gone up • USDA labeling confusion and “Product of USA” • Veteran pathways into agriculture • Why food supply is national security

Teddy Gentry of the band Alabama was self-educated in the back of a tour bus about what it takes to make money in the cattle business. He learned about soil health, grazing, and genetics. This led to his development of the South Poll Grass Cattle breed. We discuss the breeds that make up this hearty and profitable composite as well as the process and the unique restrictions they have placed on the breed to protect its long-term success.Sponsor:AmbrookRelevant Links:South Poll Grass Cattle Association

CW: Suicide This episode we are talking about Law and Order--where Ritsuryo system gets its name.  We are going to look at some of the underlying theory of how the government was set up and then some of the new laws people were expected to follow and examples of punishment--as well as pardons and general amnesties. For the blogpost, check out:  https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-145 Rough Transcript Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua, and this is Episode 145:  Law and Order in the Reign of Temmu     The sound of struggle could be heard, as a man, hands bound behind him, was roughly brought into the courtyard by several sturdy men.  They thrust him roughly to the bare ground in front of the pavilion.  The man's clothes were disheveled, his hair was unkempt, and his right eye was swollen shut.  He was a stark contrast from the four officials standing over him, and even more from those who stood in the pavilion, above, prepared to dole out judgment.  A clerk was handling the paperwork at a nearby desk, but the court official already knew this case.  He had read the reports, heard the testimony of the witnesses and, to top it all off, he had read the confession.  It seems it had taken some coercion, but in the end, the criminal before him had admitted to his wrongdoing. And thus the official was able to pronounce the sentence with some sense of moral clarity.  After all, if this man was innocent, why would he confess?  On the other hand, if he were truly innocent, how would he even have come to their attention?  Even if he was not guilty of this crime, if he had been such an upstanding citizen, why would his neighbors have accused him in the first place?  One way or another, justice was being done.     We remain—for at least the next couple of episodes—firmly in the reign of Ohoama, aka Temmu Tennou.  There is a lot more in this reign, and we are reaching a period where we won't be able to cover nearly as much as previously, so we'll have to summarize some things, but there is still a lot here to discuss.  Last episode we looked at what was happening outside of the court.  This episode we turn our attention back to the center, and specifically, what law and order meant in Ohoama's time. This period is called the Ritsuryo period, and as the name indicates, it is characterized by the set of laws and accompanying penal codes, the ritsu and the ryo.  Most of these codes are no longer extant, only known to us by other sources which contain only fragments of the originals.  But it was this adoption of a continental style of law that seems to most characterize this period.  So this episode, we are going to look at the project Ohoama kicked off to establish  one such law code —possibly even the first actual—for Yamato, as well as some of the examples of how law and order were enforced. In Episode 143 we talked about Ohoama's  historiographical project, which kicked off in the third month of 681 and culminated in the very chronicles we have been poring over.  However, a month before that, we see the start of a different and likely more immediate project, as the sovereign ordered work to begin on a new legal code.  This task was decreed from the Daigokuden to all of the Princes and Ministers -- who were then cautioned to divide it up and take it in shifts, since after all, they still needed to administer the government.  And so this division of labor began. The code would take years to compile, so, like so many of the ambitious projects of this reign, it was not quite ready by the time of Ohoama's death in 686.  In fact, it wouldn't be promulgated until 689, and even then that was only the "Ryou" part of the "Ritsuryou"—that is to say it contained the laws, the "ryou", but no the penal code, or "ritsu".  Still, we are told that the total body of laws was some 22 volumes and is known today as the Asuka Kiyomihara Code.  It is unfortunately no longer extant—we only have evidence of the laws based on those edicts and references we see in the Nihon Shoki, but it is thought by some to be the first such deliberate attempt to create a law code for Yamato.  We do have an earlier reference to Naka no Ohoye putting together a collection of laws during his reign, known as the Afumi Code, but there is some question as to whether that was actually a deliberate code or just a compilation of edicts that had been made up to that point.  These various codes are where the "Ritsuryo" period gets its name, and the Asuka Kiyomihara Code would eventually be supplanted in 701 by the Taihou code—which is one of the reasons why copies of previous codes haven't been kept around.  After all, why would you need the old law code when you now have the new and improved version? This also means that often, when we don't have other evidence, we look to later codes and histories to understand what might be happening when we get hints or fragments of legal matters.  The Chronicles often make note of various laws or customs, but they can be sparse on details.  After all, the main audience, in the 8th century, would be living the current law codes and likely understood the references in ways we may have to work out through other sources. As for the Kiyomihara Code, there are further notes in the Chronicles that seem to be referencing this project.  Besides the obvious—the new laws that were promulgated through various edicts—we see a few entries sprinkled throughout that appear to be related to this project.  First, I would note that in the 10th month of the same year that they started the project, 681, there was issued an edict that all those of the rank of Daisen on down should offer up their admonitions to the government.   Bentley notes that Article 65 of the Statutes on Official Documents provides a kind of feedback mechanism via this admonitions, where anyone who saw a problem with the government could submit it to the Council of the State.  If they had a fear of reprisals they could submit anonymously. This entry for the 10th month of 681 could just refer to a similar request that all those who had a problem should report it so it could be fixed, but in light of several other things, I would also suggest that it was at least in line with the ongoing efforts to figure out what needed to be figured out vis a vis the laws of the land.  Later, in the 8th month of 682 we see a similar type of request, where everyone from the Princes to the Ministers were instructed to bring forward matters suitable for framing new regulations.   So it looks like that first year or so there were, in a sense, a lot of "listening sessions" and other efforts going on to give deliberate thought to how the government should operate.  A few days later in 682 the Chronicles tell us that the court were working on drawing up the new laws, and as they did so they noticed a great rainbow.  Bentley suggests that this was an auspicious sign—even Heaven was smiling on the operation. So we know that there was lawmaking going on.  But what did these laws actually look like? This episode we are going to look at both criminal law – crimes and punishments, and gow they could be mitigated as well as those laws that were less about criminal activities and more about how the state itself was to be run. As I just stated, a lot of the laws and edicts are not necessarily about criminal activities.  Many of them are about the government and how it works—or at least how it is supposed to work.  Some of this helps to reveal a bit about the theoretical and philosophical underpinnings of this project.  That said, I'm not always sure that Ohoama and his officials were necessarily adherents to those philosophies or if they saw them more as justifications fro their actions.  And, in the end, does it matter?  Even if they weren't strict Confucianists, it is hard to argue that Confucian theory didn't loom large in their project, given its impact on the systems they were cribbing from.  Furthermore, if we need to extrapolate things that go unsaid, we could do worse than using Confucianism and similar continental philosophies as our guide, given what we see in the record.  A particularly intriguing record for understanding how that government was supposed to work is a declaration that civil and military officials of the central and provincial governments should, every year, consider their subordinates and determine what promotions, if any, they should receive.  They were to send in their recommendations within the first ten days to the judges, or "houkan".  The judges would compare the reports and make their recommendations up to the Daibenkan—the executive department of the Dajokan, the Council of State.  In addition, officers who refused orders to go on various missions for the court were ineligible for promotion, unless their refusal was specifically for genuine illness or bereavement following the loss of a parent. This feels like an important note on how the whole bureaucratic appointment and promotion system worked.  It actually follows early ideas of the meritocratic bureaucracy that was at the heart of how the government was supposed to work.  It isn't quite the same as magistrates roaming the land and seeking out talented individuals, but it still demonstrates a promotion system that is at least nominally about the merit of the individual and not solely based on personal patronage—though I'm sure the sovereign, the sumera no mikoto, or tennou, could still issue promotions whenever he so wished. And as cool as I find all that to be, I think the piece that I find particularly fun is the fact that they had to specify that only a "genuine" illness was a valid excuse.  That suggests to me that there were people who would feign illness to get out of work.  In other words, faking a sick day is nothing new and you could totally have a ritsuryo version of "Ferris Buehler's Day Off". This meritocratic idea seems to be tempered a bit a few years later, in 682.  We see an edict that not only describes the language and character of the court ritual, but also talking about verifying the lineage and character of anyone who applies for office.  Anyone whose lineage was found to be less than sufficient would be declared ineligible, regardless of whatever else they had done. And this is the tension of trying to overlay a theoretical system, based on the idea of merit, on a hereditary aristocracy.  In a meritocracy, one wouldn't blink twice at a person from a "lesser" ranked family making their way up and above those of "superior" families.  Then again, you probably wouldn't have families ranked in a hierarchy, anyway.  I feel like we've touched on this in a past episode, somewhere, but it isn't the last time we'll be talking about this.  After initially adopting the system as it theoretically should be, the cultural pressures of the elite nobles would start to shape the government into something that was not quite so threatening to the power of those elite families.  After all, those families held a lot of power—economic, political, and otherwise—and, as elites throughout history have done, they would do whatever they could to hold onto that power. This is actually something we see on the continent.  Whatever sense of justice or equality may have lay at the heart of the theory behind good governance, it was always going to be impacted by those with resources and the familial connections that bind people together.  For instance, it was the wealthy who would have the money and leisure time to be able to hire tutors, acquire books, and spend time studying and learning—something that is hard to do if you have to help your family work in the fields.  And the court would always be a place of politics, which was fueled by wealth and connections.  No doubt, if you asked someone of the time, they would say that the "correct" thing to do would be to work your way up from the bottom, starting from a low ranked position and climbing up based on their good deeds.  That's all well and good, but then we see preference given to the highest nobles, with their own progeny getting a jump on things by being automatically placed higher in rank.  With only a finite number of positions in the government, this meant  that climbing through the ranks would be almost impossible at some point, as there just weren't enough positions for those qualified to take them. This is an all-too-common problem, regardless of the actual system of government.  The powerful and wealthy have always had a leg up—though sometimes more than others. That isn't to say that those less fortunate were always ignored.  For instance, early in his reign, Ohoama made a decree to divide the common people—those who were not members of the royal family, so not princes or princesses—into three different classes, Upper, Middle, and Lower, all based on their wealth or financial status.  Only the two lower groups were eligible for loans of seed rice, should they need it.  That isn't so different than a lot of modern, means-tested government assistance programs, when you think about it.  The idea of breaking up groups into an "Upper", "Middle", and "Lower" category is found elsewhere—Bentley notes Article 16 of the Statutes of Arable Land dividing up families who planted mulberry.  "Ryou no Shuuge", a 9th century commentary on the Yoro law-code, notes that, at least by that time, the three categories were based on the number of people in a given household, not just the total wealth, it would seem.     Other decrees help us understand the make-up of the court, such as decree in the 8th month of 679, with the sovereign requesting that various houses send women to work in the court.  Bentley notes that this is very similar wording to Article 18 of the statutes of the Rear Palace, where the sovereign's consorts lived.  He also mentions a note in Ryou no Shuuge stating it was specifically women from noble families in the capital city and nearby who were employed for low-level tasks in the palace.     Continuing with the ordering of the government, in the third month of 681, Ohoama went to the well of the New Palace—the Nihi no Miya—and he ordered the military drums and other instruments to be played.  In the continental style, music was an important part of the military, with certain instruments and tunes that would be played for a variety of purposes.  It is unclear that the archipelago had such a detailed history of military music, and so it seems that this is in emulation of the continental practice. Then, in the 5th month, Ohoama had to crack down on another practice that was apparently taking off with the various public functionaries.  As we noted, earlier, public functionaries were reliant on their superiors, the judges, and then the Council of State for their promotion.  However, some appear to have found another way to garner favor, and that was through female palace officials—those working in the private quarters.  Those palace officials would have access to the sovereign and his families—his queen and various consorts.  And of course, if Ohoama heard good things about a person, then perhaps he would put them forward for promotion.  At the very least, if that person's name came forward, it might be well thought of.  And so public functionaries had taken to paying their respects to the women working in the palace.  Sometimes they would go to their doors and make their case directly.  Other times they would offer presents to them and their families.  This was clearly not how the system was intended to work.  As such, Ohoama told everyone to knock it off—should he hear about anyone trying this in the future, then the offenders would be punished according to their circumstances. Of course, I would note that this only would be a problem if the individuals were caught.  If the rest of Japanese history—heck, world history—is anything to go on, then humans are going to human and the court was no doubt deeply steeped in political maneuvering of all kinds.  I imagine that this practice never fully stopped, but it probably stopped being quite as blatant—for now. Continuing with the development of how the government operated, we get the entry for the 28th day of the 3rd lunar month of 682.  It starts with various sumptuary laws, with Princes down to public functionaries no longer wearing specialized caps of office—effectively getting rid of the idea of "cap-rank".  They also would no longer wear the aprons, sashes, or leggings that were part of the previous outfit.  Likewise the Uneme and female palace officials would no longer wear the elbow-straps or shoulder-scarves.  This appears to have moved the court closer to what the continent was wearing at the time, with belted garments based on clothing not too dissimilar from what was found across the Silk Road, to be honest.  They also discontinued all sustenance-fiefs for Princes and Ministers.  Those had to be returned to the State.  Presumably their salaries would then come from any stipends associated with their rank, instead.  This doesn't seem all that connected with the other edict, focused on clothing and rank, except that is part of the further centralization of power and authority—all taxes were to go to the central government and then get parceled out, and everyone—or at least those in the court—were to conform to a standard uniform.  That said, for all that it may have been the intent, as we shall see, the court would never fully get rid of the idea of privately held tax land—it would just take different forms over time. Later, we get more sumptuary laws, some about what the people of the court would wear, but others that were more general.  Sumptuary laws are laws specifically focused on controlling things such as expenditures or personal behavior—including what one wore and how they expressed themselves--and they are generally made to help order society in some way.  There were a lot of cultures where purple, for instance, was reserved for royalty—often because of how expensive it was and difficult to make.  Wearing an expensive purple fabric could be seen as an expression of wealth—and thus power—and that could feel like a challenge to those in power themselves.  It probably also meant that there was enough dye for the royal robes and it was not nearly so scarce. In other instances, we see sumptuary laws to call out people of certain groups.  Some laws are to distinguish an in-group, and others to call out a group to be set apart from society.  Other such laws were made to distinguish between social constructs such as caste or gender.  Even today we have a concept of "cross-dressing" as we have determined that certain clothing or styles are seen as either more masculine or feminine, and there are those who call out such things as somehow perverting society.  And yet, the clothing is simply pieces of fabric, and what may have been considered masculine or feminine in one time or place may not bee seen as such in another. In this case, the sumptuary laws in question focused on hairstyles.  Ohoama decreed that all persons, male or female, must tie up their hair—they couldn't leave it hanging down. This was to be done no later than the last day of the year—the 30th day of the 12th lunar month, though it could be required even before that.  We are also told that women were expected to ride horses in the saddle similar to the way men did. This appears to mean they would sit astride a saddle, with their legs on either side, and not in something akin to side saddle.  This also likely meant that women riding horses would want trousers, similar to what men wore, at least for that part of it.  Trying to wear a long skirt with your legs on either side of a horse does not strike me as the most comfortable position to put yourself in, not that people haven't figured it out over the centuries in various ways.  Indeed, in some Tang statuary, women are often depicted riding horseback with trousers.   In the 9th month of 682 we get a fun entry.  Well, I find it amusing.  We are told that the practice of ceremonial crawling and kneeling was to be abolished and that they would adopt the ceremonial custom of standing, as had been practiced in the Naniwa court.  And a part of me thinks of some old courtier who was having trouble with all of the kneeling who was suddenly very happy with this new ordinance.  On the other hand, it is fascinating to think of the other implications. First, we are being told that there was a custom of standing at the Naniwa court, while in Asuka there was a tradition of ceremonial crawling and kneeling.  Bentley's translation makes it apparent that this was specifically as you entered through the gates: that you would bow and then crawl through the entranceway. I'm assuming that the standing custom was based on continental tradition, since that seemed to be what the Naniwa palace was built to emulate, and that in returning to Asuka they were partaking in a more local ritual—though I'm not entirely certain as I just don't have enough information to know at this point.  Aston does claim that it was custom in the Tang court, though I'm not sure of his source for that. In 683 we get more information on how the court functioned.  We are told that there was a decree that all persons of rank in the Home Provinces were expected to present themselves at Court at some point in the first month of each quarter.  You were only excused if you were sick, at which point an official would need to send a report up to the judicial authorities.  So every noble in the Home Provinces had to travel to the court once every four months.  And if they couldn't, they need to be able to produce the equivalent of a doctor's note, saysing so. We aren't told why this was implemented.  I suspect that there had to be some compromise between nobles being at and working at the court and going back to their hometown to also keep an eye on things there.  It is possible that there were plenty of people who just weren't coming to the court unless they had to—living off their stipend, but not necessarily doing the work.  So this may have been a "return to office" type order to make sure that people were there, in the "office" of the court at least once every four months. This brings to mind the Edo period practice of alternate attendance, or Sankin-koutai, where daimyo would have to attend on the Shogun for a time and then could return home.  Of course, that was also done as a means to drain their coffers, and I don't believe this was meant in quite so punishing a manner. Having a permanent city, where the nobles had houses in the city, would likely fix these issues, allowing the court to be more regularly staffed.  Sure enough, that same decree included the decree that there would be a Capital City at Naniwa as well as other places, while the work at Nihiki, on what would become the Fujiwara capital, was already underway. Speaking of the capital, that work would require labor and people to oversee it.  In 10th month of 684, we see a note that gives us a glimpse into the management of corvee labor, as Prince Hatsuse and Kose no Asomi no Umakahi, as well as officials down to facilities managers, 20 people in all, were set up as corvee labor managers for the royal region.      Next, let's talk criminal matters.  What kinds of things were people being accused of or what laws were being set up to constraing the activities of individuals.   We'll start by looking at how justices was handled, generally speaking.  Some of it seems almost obvious, like in 675, when we are told that the sovereign ordered that nobody—whether a minister, a functionary, or a citizen—should commit an offense lest they be punished accordingly.  'But what was happening previously to make such a proclamation necessary? On the one hand, I suspect that this was a warning to the elites of the archipelago more than anything else, especially those who might not have been in direct fealty to the Yamato sovereign previously.  Those elites farther out in the provinces were probably used to a looser hand, and fewer consequences for their actions.  Back in Taika years, in the late 640s, just as everything was kicking off, the court had had to bring the hammer down on the governors and various kuni no miyatsuko, local elites who had been doing things their own way.  I suspect this was just a similar attempt to bring people into line and a reminder of who actually wore the hakama in this administration.  It also seems to be a straightforward statement that the law applied to every person—or at least every person outside of the sovereign, himself. That was likely a novel idea for many people, where those in positions of power were likely able to get away with murder, quite literally, because who was going to stop them?  We've seen how many of the more powerful families controlled what were essentially private armies. At the same time, 675 is before these new formal law codes and punishments were in place.  Presumably there was tradition in place and some understanding that the sovereign could declare laws and punishment, but I also wonder if this isn't part of the reason that they felt that centralized, authoritative, written law codes were required in the first place.  After all, communicating laws and punishments verbally across the archipelago, even with the potential for written edicts, likely relied a lot on local administrators to interpret the edicts and figure out what was going on. This seems to align with an edict from the 10th month of 679, which decried that there were many people guilty of crimes and violence hanging around the capital.  This was blamed on the Princes and Ministers, since the edict claimed that these high officials heard about it but didn't do anything, instead treating it like a nuisance that was too much trouble—or perhaps too personally expensive—to do anything about.  Alternatively, those same princes and ministers would see people that they knew were guilty, but they didn't want to go through the trouble of actually reporting them, and so the offenders could get away with it.  The proposed solution was to exhort those in higher stations to punish the offenses of those beneath them, while those of lower stations were expected to remonstrate with their superiors when those superiors were rude or violent.  In other words, if everyone just held everyone else accountable, then things would work out. This seems like a great sentiment, but I have to imagine that there was something more beyond the high-minded ideals. Again,  I suspect that it was probably as much Ohoama putting people on notice.  Still, this seems aspirational rather than definitive.      A clear example of the kind of thing that was being prohibited is likelye the decree about fishermen and hunters, who were forbidden from making pitfalls or using spear traps or similar devices.  Also, from the beginning of the 4th month until the 13th day of the 9th month, no one was to set fish-weirs, or himasakiri—an unknown device, but probably another type of fish trap.  Ohoama also prohibited the eating of cattle, horses, dogs, monkeys, or chickens.  Other animals, including boar, deer, fish, etc., were all fair game, as it were. The prohibition on traps is likely because they were a hazard to anyone walking through the area.  In the Tang dynasty they did something similar, but they did make exceptions for hunters in the deep mountains, who were supposed to put up signs warning any travelers.  As for the weirs and himasakiri, whatever that might be, I have less context, but likely it did have some reasoning—possibly similar to our modern concepts of having certain seasons for various types of fishing.  Fish weirs do create obstructions, and between the 4th and 9th lunar months Japan does see the summer monsoon rains—could that be the reason?  Tsuyu, or rainy season, is often around July to mid-June, today.  Or perhaps there is another motivation for that particular prohibition. As for the eating of various animals—of the animals listed, all but the monkeys are domesticated animals who generally weren't considered as food animals.  Cattle were used for working the fields, horses were ridden, and dogs were used for hunting.  I wonder if monkeys were just too close to people. The chicken prohibition may seem odd to us, today.  The word for chicken, "niwatori", literally means garden bird, though the Nihon Shoki uses something more like "barn door bird".  We know that cock-fighting was a thing in later periods, and that chickens were associated with Amaterasu, possibly for their legendary habit of crowing as the sun comes up.  We can also note the lack of some animals, like cats, from the list.  Perhaps cats were never in danger of being seen as a food source, or perhaps cats just weren't as prevalent at the time—we know cats were around from at least the Nara period, but there isn't much evidence before that.  There are examples of bones thought to be from a cat from the Yayoi period found on Iki island, but it is hard to say from that if they were fully established across the archipelago. Still,  I do find it curious they are not on the list.Continuing on, we later see where see the court issued an edict that prohibited the cutting of grass or firewood on Mt. Minabuchi and Mt. Hosokawa.  Furthermore they prevented any indiscriminate burning or cutting on all of the mountains in the Home Provinces.  This feels somewhat religious—after all, the mountains were often considered the domain of the kami.  Perhaps there were some religious restrictions.  On the other hand, some of it sounds like they were trying to just ensure that with a growing population they didn't denude the mountains around the capital. This whole incident brings to mind problems that occurred in and around Chang'an, the western Tang capital.  The palace itself—not to mention all of the houses and temples—took so much wood that it was a drain on the nearby forests.  And that is without taking into account the simple harvesting of wood for cooking fires, tools, etc.  In fact, the logging industry of that time devastated the local environment, meaning that they had to travel farther and farther to find suitable wood for the monumental buildings they wished to create.  It is also thought to have contributed to various natural disasters in and around the capital.  Perhaps Yamato was worried that unrestricted logging in the Home Provinces could likewise cause problems?  Or was that simply an added benefit gained from the idea that mountains were sacred spaces?   Later in the 10th month of 679, there was an edict determining sumptuary rules for monks clothing, as well as what kind of retinue could accompany them when they went out.  We talked about this back in Episode 142.  That same month, there was an edict that, while monks and nuns might normally be expected to stay at a temple—such as in the quarters identified in the ruins of Kawaradera—that it became a problem when older monks became bed-ridden.  After all, if they couldn't leave their bed, then one can only imagine how it must have been.  Not to get overly graphic, but they couldn't exactly make it out to the latrine at that point, either.  So it was determined that if an elderly monk were to reach the stage that they were bed-ridden, and unlikely to recover, then the temple would seek out relatives or laypersons to help build a hut or two in vacant spaces on the temple grounds.  There, the sick and bed-ridden monks could be cared for in a more sanitary manner. Now the way this is written, on the one hand it seems they were worried about ritual purification as much as anything, but I imagine that this was also practical.  After all, as you get all of those monks living together, one can only imagine that disease and illness could easily spread in those close quarters.  So separating those who were quite sick only makes sense, like an early form of quarantine. A lot of these prohibitions seem to be fairly practical.  Don't put traps where people could accidentally fall into them.  Don't chop down the nearby forest—we may need that later.  And even: don't leave a sick or elderly monk in a crowded dormitory situation.But what about the penal codes? If you lived in the latter part of Temmu's reign and you did violate one of the rules mentioned above, or one of the many others at play, what would happen to you, and how did that vary based on your place in society? Unfortunately, most of what we get on this is kind of bare bones.  We often see the punishment, but not t he crime.  We are just told that someone was found guilty, or condemned.  Take, for example, the Buddhist Priest, Fukuyou, of Asukadera, who was condemned and thrown into prison.  We aren't told what he did to deserve confinement, but it wouldn't last long.  Apparently Fukuyou cut his own throat, ending his life, rather than face other consequences or live with the shame of whatever crime he had committed. By the way, the term "prison" here is interesting.  We certainly see people being imprisoned in some way, shape, or form—locked up and unable to freely travel.  That isn't exactly the same, however, as a prison complex or system.  There may have been buildings used a jail—a temporary holding facility while the actual punishment was determined.  And we also see the equivalent of house arrest.  Later, there would be formal "prisons" set up for the detention of individuals, who were often then forced to labor as part of their punishment.  However, they had many other forms of punishment, many of which required much fewer staff.  After all, a prison requires that you have guards constantly watching the prisoners to make sure nothing gets out of hand.  Instead, you could just exile them to an island or even just another province, with a lot less manpower. A less drastic punishment was handed out back in the 4th month of 675, when we are told that Tahema no Kimi no Hiromaro and Kunu no Omi no Maro were both forbidden from attending the court—for what purpose we aren't immediately told.  However, six days later, Kunu no Maro was held accountable for offering resistance to a royal messenger—maybe the one who communicated that he was banished from the court.  As a punishment, he was stripped of all of his offices and dignities.  Both Tahema no Hiromaro and Kunu no Maro appear to have been pardoned at a later date, though we aren't sure when.  It could have been one of the various general amnesties—and we'll talk about that in a moment.  Hiromaro passed away in 685, but he was provided a posthumous promotion in rank and is noted for his efforts supporting Ohoama during the Jinshin no Ran.  Meanwhile, Kunu no Maro—also known as Abe no Kunu no Maro is seen delivering a eulogy in 686.  Perhaps somewhat ironically, he did so on behalf of the Office of Punishments—later the Keimu-shou, or Ministry of Punishment.  These actions certainly seem to be at odds with them being punished, let alone banished from the court. We also see an example where  Prince Womi, who was of the 3rd princely ranks—even higher than Prince Kurikuma, whom we discussed last episode—was guilty of some kind of offense and banished to Inaba.  One of his children was also banished to Izushima and the other to Chikashima.  Aston suggests that this means Ohoshima and Chikashima may be in Hizen.  Again, very little to go on as to what was happening, though it seems that all three were punished together and sent away from each other, perhaps so that they could not plot or scheme together.  Later amnesties would probably have resulted in pardons for them.   Speaking of pardons—the punishments that we are speaking about all appear to be permanent, other than imprisonment, which may have been more of a temporary situation.  It wasn't like being sent away for so many years.  However, on the other side of the coin was the option for a pardon or amnesty.  While I imagine that the sovereign could always provide a pardon directly, we more regularly see general amnesties declared, sometimes with very specific guidelines. One of the most illuminating such instances, and possibly where Kunu no Maro and Tahema no Hiromaro were pardoned, came in the 7th month of 676.  That month the court issued a general amnesty, likely to increase the merit accrued to the State through an act of mercy and forgiveness, given the drought and famine that had been reported earlier that summer.  Perhaps paradoxically, this act of leniency gives us an interesting view into the types of punishments that were made, as well as how severe each was considered.    The amnesty mitigated all sentences of death, enforced servitude, or the three classes of banishment, and they would all be mitigated by one degree.  So anyone sentenced to death would instead just become enslaved.  Those who were sentenced to enslavement would be banished to a distant province.  Those banished to a distant province would only be banished to a province at a medium distance.  Banishment to a medium province would be downgraded to a nearer province.  And Banishment to a nearer province would be downgraded to banishment—or removal—to a place in the same province.  For anyone who committed a crime for which they would be removed to a place in the same province—or for any lesser crime—would be completely pardoned, whether or not the crime was actually known.  So you couldn't be held responsible, retroactively. This gives us a kind of hierarchy to use as far as the kinds of punishment that might be handed out.  Of course, there are also a few others, which I generally assume were considered lesser.  For instance: banishment from the court, or being stripped of government rank, that sort of thing. There was a caveat that this amnesty would not apply to those who had already left for their place of banishment—nor, obviously, to those who had already been executed.  So if you had already settled in to your new life, this amnesty didn't exactly matter.  This could be where Tahema no Hiromaro and Kunu no Maro were pardoned and thus allowed to find their way back into the court's good graces.  On the other hand, others probably wish that this amnesty happened a bit later—one month later, to be exact.  We are told that Prince Yagaki, the current viceroy of the Dazaifu, was accused of some offense and banished to Tosa, in Shikoku.  As usual, the record does not feel the need to tell us what the offense was or try to justify it anyway.   This is all well and good, but what exactly did the justice system look like?  How were criminals accused, and how would they investigate and prove your guilt?  In the 11th month of 682, we see a rather detailed description of how trials and punishment were to be carried out.  For any offense against the law, whether it was in the palace or the court, it would be immediately examined, and nobody was allowed to conceal information about it.  If the offense was grave enough, then the next step would depend on the rank of the individual.  For individuals of high birth, their guilt would be reported to the court, presumably for whatever punishment they deemed appropriate from there.  For others, they would be arrested.  If they resisted arrest, then the palace guards would be sent after them.  A typical punishment was flogging, which was not to go beyond 100 blows.  Finally, if the individual were clearly guilty, but yet continued to profess their innocence, then that would be considered perjury and added to their sentence. It should be noted that in East Asia at this time, there was no concept of innocent until proven guilty.  If you were accused of a crime, then it was up to you to prove that you were innocent.  It was not uncommon for an arrest to occur, and then for the authorities to then torture a confession out of the individual.  Since they already had assumed the individual's guilt, this was just meant to get them to admit it.  Even into modern times, Japan has had a high conviction rate, but there are accusations that this is simply because of the presence of coerced confessions.  A coerced confession helps to demonstrate that the system is correct, and working as designed, whilst protestations of innocence call into question the validity of the system. There is another type of guilt and punishment—and leniency, for that matter—mentioned in the 6th month of 677: We are told that the Yamato no Aya no Atahe were considered guilty of the "seven misdemeanors", which seems like it is more an indictment of their moral failings rather than any kind of direct criminal behavior.  Furthermore, they were accused of pushing back against the rightful sovereigns from the time of Kashikiya Hime down to the time of the Afumi court.  This would seem to indicate that they had been supporting the Soga and the Afumi court, but if so, I wouldn't say that the Chronicles help to clarify it in any way.  Perhaps they just were willful and not showing the right amount of loyalty to the throne.  Whatever they did, Ohoama was none too pleased, but he also didn't want to completely destroy the uji.  Instead, as a compromise, he offered them clemency for any past actions, pardoning them, but also claiming that if they stepped out of line again, then their offense would be unpardonable.  This whole entry is a vibe.  It is less of a punishment and more of a sword of Damocles being set up above them. Several years later, in 682, we see the Yamato no Aya being granted the title of Muraji.  In consequence of the appointment, the entire household—all the men and women alike, presented themselves to the court.  They rejoiced and praised Ohoama, thanking him for raising them in status.  This doesn't feel like a normal entry—it isn't like every family was coming into court and giving thanks every time that a promotion was handed out.  This feels like classic "kissing the ring" to get back into good graces with someone who was, effectively, an autocratic ruler.  While there was a bureaucracy, based on everything we've seen Ohoama had bent it largely to his will by appointing family members and other members of the elite princely class—those with at least nominal familial connections—to positions of power and authority.   And with that, I think we will bring this episode to a close.  Next episode we'll finish out this reign with a few projects and various other miscellaneous events. Until then if you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  

Cattle futures wobbled Friday with uneven outside markets and wonderment about the potential strike at the JBS plant in Greeley next week. Live Cattle futures closed an average of 42¢ lower. Feeder Cattle futures were mixed, from an average of 64¢ lower to an average of 68¢ higher. Week to week on Friday, Live [...]

If a species is horrible enough, do we have the right to kill it forever? Seventy years ago, a nightmare parasite feasted on the live flesh of warm-blooded creatures in North America: the screwworm. That is, until a young scientist named Edward F. Knipling discovered a crucial screwworm weakness and hatched a sweeping project to wipe them out. Knipling's seemingly zany plan to spray screwworms out of planes all over the continent— with US taxpayer money— succeeded, becoming one of humanity's biggest environmental interventions ever.  Today, screwworms have been gone so long that none of us in North America even remember them. But now, they're coming back. And they're forcing us to ask: in an era of climate change and rapid mass extinction— should we kill off a species on purpose?  Special thanks to James P. Collins, Max Scott, Amy Murillo, Daniel Griffin, Phil Kaufman, Katie Barnhill, Arthur Caplan, Ron Sandler, Yasha Rohwer, Aaron Keefe, Gwendolyn Bogard, Maria Sabate, Meredith Asbury, and Joanne Padrón CarneyEPISODE CREDITS:  Reported by - Sarah Qari with help from - Latif Nasser Produced by - Sarah Qari Sound design contributed by - Sarah Qari Fact-checking by - Emily Krieger EPISODE CITATIONS: **The latest information on screwworm outbreaks and precautions: screwworm.gov Videos: Oral history interviews of Edward F. Knipling: here (https://zpr.io/njhMedFN5jsZ) and here (https://zpr.io/VQReQbfznCrq)  Podcasts: Here's a Spotify playlist (https://zpr.io/PNMEM274G7vh)  of all of our Golden Goose-inspired episodes! Sam Kean's podcast The Disappearing Spoon – his episode about screwworms is called The Screwiest and Perhaps Most Original Idea of the 20th Century (https://zpr.io/UYf6dR2yG3eN)  Our episode on CRISPR & gene drives (https://zpr.io/UYf6dR2yG3eN)  New to Radiolab? Check out our Radiolab Starter Kit (https://zpr.io/QpPnrHAZVQLR)  playlist of all-time favorite episodes! Articles: Sarah Zhang's latest piece in The Atlantic: American Milk Has Changed (https://zpr.io/xebbdq2MWV4L)  Her most recent piece on screwworms: The ‘Man-Eater' Screwworm Is Coming (https://zpr.io/ECmjCs7ScbS4)  Her initial reporting on screwworms: America's Never-Ending Battle Against Flesh-Eating Worms (https://zpr.io/PNMEM274G7vh)  Gregory Kaebnick's paper (https://zpr.io/yqNC3q5FbCcq)  about screwworm eradication in Science Archival materials:  The USDA's Screwworm Eradication Records (https://zpr.io/dY7zuVdGYKjf) contain lots of cool images and letters Signup for our newsletter!! It includes short essays, recommendations, and details about other ways to interact with the show. Sign up (https://radiolab.org/newsletter)! Radiolab is supported by listeners like you. Support Radiolab by becoming a member of The Lab (https://members.radiolab.org/) today. Follow our show on Instagram, Twitter and Facebook @radiolab, and share your thoughts with us by emailing radiolab@wnyc.org. Leadership support for Radiolab's science programming is provided by the Simons Foundation and the John Templeton Foundation. Foundational support for Radiolab was provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.

Futures mixed; cash down from last week; boxed beef higher on average volume; cash feeders lower.

Wheat led the grains higher on Friday, while cattle futures stabilized. Jim McCormick of AgMarket.Net recaps the trade. Topics: - More leadership with crude oil - Fertilizer movement impacts - Wheat puts in weather premium - Cattle, hogs stabilize - Keys for March

Jeff and Nick discuss the state of packers, choice beef, and more in this week's Cattle Talk Podcast.

Send a textStay Connectedhttps://www.commstock.com/https://www.facebook.com/CommStockInvestments/https://www.youtube.com/channel/UClP8BeFK278ZJ05NNoFk5Fghttps://www.linkedin.com/company/commstock-investments/

*Drought is causing problems for spring planting.  *General CRP signup is underway.  *Texas peanut acreage is expected to drop this year.  *When beef on dairy calves go into the feedlot, they tend to be there for an extended stay.  *The Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo is underway.  *The Senate Ag Committee is discussing ways to drive demand for U.S. grown commodities.*The winter has been mild in most of Texas, but farmers may pay the price with a dry, windy March.  *There are studies on a new way to castrate calves.  

Cash cattle markets took a step lower in the U.S. this week, while Alberta prices held steady, as labour disruptions at a major plant and tightening supplies added fresh uncertainty to the North American beef market. In the latest Beef Market Update, Anne Wasko of Gateway Livestock Exchange says U.S. cash cattle prices weakened, with... Read More

In this episode of Farm4Profit, we sit down with Lauryn and Colin Pinkston, a young couple from Lexington, Kentucky, who are building Pinkston Cattle Company while balancing off-farm careers and a rapidly growing social media following. What makes their story unique is that neither of them grew up directly involved in production agriculture. Lauryn grew up riding horses with family ties to the Kentucky racehorse industry, while Colin spent time helping friends on local tobacco farms before developing a deeper interest in cattle production. After getting married in October 2024, the couple planned to build their first farm from the ground up. But when the right opportunity appeared, they made a bold move — purchasing a farm and downsizing their home to make the operation work. Today they're renovating the property while growing a commercial cattle and hay business. Want Farm4Profit Merch? Custom order your favorite items today!https://farmfocused.com/farm-4profit/ Don't forget to like the podcast on all platforms and leave a review where ever you listen! Website: www.Farm4Profit.comShareable episode link: https://intro-to-farm4profit.simplecast.comEmail address: Farm4profitllc@gmail.comCall/Text: 515.207.9640Subscribe to YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSR8c1BrCjNDDI_Acku5XqwFollow us on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@farm4profitllc Connect with us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Farm4ProfitLLC/ Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Cattle futures firmed Thursday, helped by rising wholesale beef values and the cash premium to futures. Toward the close, Live Cattle futures were an average of $1.40 higher, except for 95¢ lower in the back contract. Feeder Cattle futures were an average of 61¢ higher, except for 5¢ lower in spot March and $2.57 [...]

Futures lower as cash falls; boxed beef higher on light volume; cash feeders higher; markets reflecting weaker US stock markets.

Managing Rangeland and Pasture After Wildfire, Part 1 Managing Rangeland and Pasture After Wildfire, Part 2 Planting Vegetable Crops   00:01:05 – Managing Rangeland and Pasture After Wildfire, Part 1: Today's show begins with K-State Extension rangeland management specialist Molly Reichenborn and K-State range scientist at Hays Keith Harmoney as they converse about managing rangeland and pastures after a wildfire.   00:12:05 – Managing Rangeland and Pasture After Wildfire, Part 2: Molly and Keith also continue the show as they discuss more information about how cattle producers might manage their livestock if their forages were burnt.  Rangeland and Pasture Management After Wildfire   00:23:05 – Planting Vegetable Crops: K-State Extension horticulture expert, Matt McKernan, ends today's show as he explains the type of vegetable crops that might need planted in the second or third week of March.       Send comments, questions or requests for copies of past programs to ksrenews@ksu.edu.   Agriculture Today is a daily program featuring Kansas State University agricultural specialists and other experts examining ag issues facing Kansas and the nation. It is hosted by Shelby Varner and distributed to radio stations throughout Kansas and as a daily podcast.   K‑State Extension is a short name for the Kansas State University Cooperative Extension Service, a program designed to generate and distribute useful knowledge for the well‑being of Kansans. Supported by county, state, federal and private funds, the program has county Extension offices statewide. Its headquarters is on the K‑State campus in Manhattan. For more information, visit Extension.ksu.edu. K-State Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

Is there more than what meets the eye in the crude oil sector? Moves in the crude oil continue to be at the forefront as the war nears its second week. Soybeans led the grains higher while cattle futures ended higher after trading lower. Mike Zuzolo of Global Commodity Analytics recaps the trade. Topics: - Crude Oil vs. Gold - influence fight - Acreage battle in grains - Cattle still volatile, finish closer to unchanged - Keys for next 2 weeks

*Wheat prices have taken a big jump.  *The FDA is giving Texans another tool to fight screwworms.   *There could be more farm financial aid coming from Washington.   *Texas High Plains dairies are responding to the water challenge.*Easements can affect Texas rural property.  *Tensions in the Middle East continue to weigh on fertilizer prices.  *Farmers on the Texas Southern Plains are preparing for spring planting. *Vitamin E is an important vitamin for horses.  

Cattle futures lost ground Wednesday, as bearishness increased in outside markets. Toward the close, Live Cattle futures were an average of $1.97 lower. Feeder Cattle futures were an average of $5.19 lower. Negotiated cash fed cattle trade was moderate on moderate demand in Nebraska through Wednesday afternoon, according to the Agricultural Marketing Service. FOB [...]

How grazing works for very small acreage, all because of wanting more learning opportunities.  Erich and Allison Henschel of Henschel Hof graze pigs, goats, and cattle in Virginia.In this episode:Why small livestock is better for small arceageWhy starting with smaller breeds lets you learn fasterWhy everything doesn't have to be perfectThis week's question: What did you start with for your grazing journey?  Why?  Join the conversation in the Grazing Grass Community | https://www.facebook.com/groups/grazinggrassHenschel Hof on Instagram | https://www.instagram.com/henschelhof/Grazing Grass Insiders | https://grazinggrass.com/insiders Looking for grass-based breeders? Explore the Grass Based Genetics directory.Upcoming Grazing EventsNoble Profitability Essentials - Jefferson City, Mo, March 24-25, 2026Visit our Sponsors:Noble Research InstituteRedmond Agriculture Grazing Grass LinksWebsiteCommunity (on Facebook)Original Music by Louis Palfrey

Futures push higher; cash quiet; boxed beef higher on light volume; cash feeders under pressure.

*The Texas High Plains wheat crop needs rain.  *Farmer sentiment rebounded last month.  *The Texas Wheat Producers Board will implement a new small grain silage assessment for the 2026 harvest. *New technology is boosting sorghum silage.  *Easements can affect the value of rural Texas land.  *The conflict in Iran is having an impact on fertilizer prices.  *South Texas has a serious need for rain.  *Rabies is a viral disease that can affect sheep and goats.  

Cattle futures gained Tuesday, helped by the decline in Crude Oil futures and the continued increase in wholesale beef values. Toward the close, Live Cattle futures were an average of $2.49 higher. Feeder Cattle futures were an average of $3.27 higher. Negotiated cash fed cattle trade ranged from limited on moderate demand in Nebraska [...]

On this episode of the Beyond the Barn podcast, host Katy Starr chats with Dr. Erica Lacher, equine veterinarian and host of Straight from the Horse Doctor's Mouth, to help horse owners confidently decide when something is an emergency and they need to call the vet or monitor at home, including: Why one specific type of injury is never a “wait and see” situation An old wives tale that is commonly suggested for colic, but doesn't actually help Two vital signs your vet wants you to know before you ever pick up the phone Dr. Lacher also shares practical first-aid kit must-haves and so much more to help you feel confident in knowing what to do when an equine emergency hits, because its often not ‘if' but ‘when' with horses.

In this episode of From the Pasture with Hired Hand, we visit with Chase Vasut to preview the 2026 Texas Longhorn Legacy Sale as this standout event enters its third decade.For more than 21 years, the Legacy Sale has been a favorite in the industry, known for quality cattle, strong consignments from across the country, and a fun-filled weekend with the Longhorn family. Chase shares what makes this year's lineup especially exciting, along with highlights like casino night, cow patty bingo, vendor shopping, and the return of the popular Black Tie Heifer Sale on Friday night.Join us as we look ahead to another great weekend in Grapevine—where the cattle are top-notch and the only rule is simple: Have Fun.Send a text From the Pasture with Hired Hand:Hired Hand Websites (@hiredhandwebsites): https://hiredhandsoftware.comHired Hand Live (@hiredhandlive): https://hiredhandlive.comInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/hiredhandwebsites/Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HiredHandSoftwareTikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@hiredhandwebsitesNewsletter: https://www.hiredhandsoftware.com/resources/stay-informed

Futures gap lower, feeders temporarily limit down; cash steady with last week; boxed beef higher on very light volume; cash feeders lower; weekly cash summary.

Cattle futures finished higher while grains finished mixed. Crude oil continues to lead market moves. J.J. Lauby of AgriManagement Systems recaps the trade. Topics: - Impressive commodity closes today - Crude oil still the leader - WASDE yielded very few changes - Livestock regain some value - Keys to risk management in volatility

*The Iran conflict is causing serious supply disruptions.   *The review process for the U.S. Mexico Canada trade agreement is about to begin.  *USDA has announced a construction contract to build the new sterile screwworm fly production facility in the Rio Grande Valley.   *We could see more sorghum in the Texas High Plains this year.  *The Natural Resources Conservation Service outlined priorities for 2026.  *USDA is modernizing some of its systems.  *The Texas Sheep and Goat Raisers Association's annual Stockman's Sale is this weekend in San Angelo.*Does supplementing bred beef heifers increase calving difficulty? 

3. GWYNNE3.mp3 GUEST AUTHOR: S.C. Gwynne HEADLINE: The Experimental R101: Innovation Meets Fragility and Dipsomania SUMMARY: Gwynne details the R101's experimental design, including heavy diesel engines and fragile gas bags made from cattle intestines. Despite luxurious amenities, the ship suffered from rushed testing. Leadership concerns arose regarding pilot "Push on" Scotty, who struggled with alcoholism. (23)

In this solo episode of the Casual Cattle Conversations Podcast, Shaye checks in a little over two months into 2026 and shares a simple ranch audit process to avoid setting profit goals blindly and to create benchmarks for improvement. She explains that audits help ranchers understand where they stand before making changes. The three-step audit includes: (1) defining what success means for your ranch (unique to each operation), (2) ranking confidence from 1–10 in key areas such as finances/bookkeeping, reproduction, genetics, nutrition, grazing/resource management, and health, and (3) assigning measurable metrics to each area (e.g., break-even, pregnancy rate, calving interval, death loss, treatment costs, costs vs returns). She encourages prioritizing improvements that align with the ranch's definition of success and references her course Profit Foundations for Ranchers for a deeper process.   Links & Resources Learn more about Performance Livestock Analytics here: https://bit.ly/47PxY3W  Learn more about Red Angus here: https://bit.ly/4iaU6bb  Learn more about At the Yards here: https://bit.ly/400T7mF  Learn more about CattleMax here: https://bit.ly/4aG7K5q  Catch more conversations like this one and learn more at https://www.casualcattleconversations.com/   00:00 2026 Ranch Check In 00:20 Podcast Welcome Back 01:38 Why Ranch Audits Matter 02:12 Profit Mistakes To Avoid 03:51 Three Step Audit Plan 04:38 Define Ranch Success 06:36 Rank Confidence Areas 08:24 Add Metrics Benchmarks 09:36 Example Benchmarks 12:05 Prioritize Improvements 12:50 Course And Final Wrap

Brad explores a recent study comparing two common calf-feeding methods: open buckets and nipple buckets. While most U.S. dairies rely on open buckets because they allow calves to drink quickly and reduce chore time, the research looked at how these systems affect calf growth, digestion, and behavior.The study followed individually housed calves fed six liters of milk per day until weaning at eight weeks. Calves fed with open buckets finished their milk much faster, often in under two minutes, while nipple-fed calves took about five minutes because the system mimics natural suckling. Despite the difference in drinking speed, both groups had similar growth rates and physical development.However, behavior and digestion told a more interesting story. Calves fed with open buckets consumed more starter grain and spent more time ruminating, but they also showed more non-nutritive oral behaviors like sucking on pen fixtures or other calves—likely because their natural suckling drive wasn't satisfied. Nipple-fed calves showed fewer of these behaviors, had slightly firmer feces, and exhibited metabolic signals suggesting improved digestion.Brad breaks down the trade-offs for dairy producers: open buckets offer efficiency and faster feeding, while nipple buckets may better support calf welfare and natural behavior. The episode highlights how feeding systems can influence calf behavior, digestion, and management decisions on dairy farms.Questions, comments, scathing rebuttals? -> themoosroom@umn.edu or call 612-624-3610 and leave us a message!Linkedin -> The Moos RoomTwitter -> @UMNmoosroom and @UMNFarmSafetyFacebook -> @UMNDairyYouTube -> UMN Beef and Dairy and UMN Farm Safety and HealthInstagram -> @UMNWCROCDairyExtension WebsiteAgriAmerica Podcast Directory 

Cattle futures were sharply lower again Monday, but off sessions lows, pressured by a range of factors, including last week's lower negotiated cash fed cattle prices, news that the JBS plant in Greeley, Colo. was cancelling slaughter at the plant this week ahead of the potential strike, and spiking Crude oil futures pressuring outside [...]

A very unique opportunity to highlight some cattle in a new state! Mr. Martin from Oxford, Florida has 14 lots of steers and heifers that all represent what they stand for. Between the variety of endpoints that the steers alone have to offer, and the versatility the heifers possess, this sale becomes extremely deep. Take a look on steerbidder, and be the last one to click on the 15th! Empowerment Is Here. Sale Link

Futures under pressure; cash lower; boxed beef mixed on light volume; cash feeders slip; markets watching stock market and US economy for direction.

Up and Down in the Cattle Market War Against Weeds: Annual Ryegrass K-State Junior Sheep Producer Day   00:01:05 – Up and Down in the Cattle Market: Glynn Tonsor, K-State livestock economist, starts the show explaining the mixed bag in the cattle market and the February Meat Demand Monitor. Glynn on AgManager.info   00:12:05 – War Against Weeds: Annual Ryegrass: Part of a War Against Weeds podcast episode continues the show as Alyssa Essman, Joe Ikley, Tom Barber, Charlie Cahoon and Larry Streckel who are all university experts from around the United States chat about annual ryegrass.  Annual Ryegrass - Full Episode War Against Weeds Podcast   00:23:05 – K-State Junior Sheep Producer Day: Ending the show is K-State's Lexie Hayes as she discusses the learning opportunities at the K-State Junior Sheep Producer Day.  Junior Sheep Producer Day     Send comments, questions or requests for copies of past programs to ksrenews@ksu.edu.   Agriculture Today is a daily program featuring Kansas State University agricultural specialists and other experts examining ag issues facing Kansas and the nation. It is hosted by Shelby Varner and distributed to radio stations throughout Kansas and as a daily podcast.   K‑State Extension is a short name for the Kansas State University Cooperative Extension Service, a program designed to generate and distribute useful knowledge for the well‑being of Kansans. Supported by county, state, federal and private funds, the program has county Extension offices statewide. Its headquarters is on the K‑State campus in Manhattan. For more information, visit Extension.ksu.edu. K-State Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

Cattle futures backed off their lows, following news of a looming strike at JBS in Greeley, Colorado. Meanwhile, grains reversed course, closing lower after trading higher overnight. Ross Baldwin of AgMarket.net recaps the trade. Topics: - All about the crude oil - Flow of commodities - Impact to grains - Livestock bounce back a bit - WASDE Tues - any impact to trade?

AABP Executive Director Dr. Fred Gingrich is joined by Dr. Christine Navarre, Extension Veterinarian at Louisiana State University Agricultural Center and Dr. D.L. Step, Senior Professional Services Veterinarian for Cattle and Boehringer Ingelheim. Parasite resistance is increasingly documented in U.S. beef herds and is influenced by product use and management decisions. In this episode, we explore what veterinarians are seeing in the field, how resistance develops and the role diagnostics, refugia, combination treatment and integrated herd and pasture management play in preserving long-term dewormer effectiveness. Veterinarians play a key role in assisting producers in managing resistance to parasites through effective treatment and diagnostic programs. Some strategies that have historically been used contribute to parasite resistance. Veterinarians can ask key questions to clients to mitigate this resistance pressure and provide guidance on effectively using the products not only to minimize resistance patterns, but also to ensure that cattle health and productivity are not being negatively impacted by parasites.  For more information about sustainable parasite management options, visit this link.    

*Solar grazing offers an opportunity for Texas sheep producers.  *This could be a good spring for Texas turkey hunters.  *The Commodity Classic set a record attendance at the recent event in San Antonio.   *Beef on dairy calves are doing more than just filling the gaps in Texas feedyards.  *One of the newer BRD medications is called Pradalex.  *The Department of Justice is looking into U.S. fertilizer prices.  *There haven't been many planters rolling in the lower Texas Coastal Bend.  *There are different categories of drugs for horses.  

In this episode of On the Record, brought to you by Associated Equipment Distributors, we share an update on the beef producers and their equipment plans. In the Technology Corner, Noah Newman visits with Bane-Welker on its 3-pronged approach to precision service. Also in this episode, AgRevolution's Stacy Anthony provides his outlook for 2026 and an update on how customers in his region are feeling and more details on Yetter's acquisition of Martin-Till, with insights from Martin-Till President Steve Martin.

Transportation of cattle is an essential component of the U.S. beef production system, but the stress caused with moving cattle is also associated with reduced feedlot performance and increased incidents of bovine respiratory diseases. Stephanie Hansen an Iowa State Feedlot Nutritionist says new research on strategic zinc supplementation is helping to fix this issue.

Cattle futures were sharply lower Friday, pressured by bearish outside markets and another week of lower negotiated cash fed cattle prices. Also on Friday, the United Food and Commercial Workers Local 7, which represents workers at the JBS plant, gave notice that it was cancelling its extension agreement effective 11:59 p.m., March 15. So, [...]

It's The Ranch It Up Radio Show! Join Jeff Tigger Erhardt, Rebecca Wanner AKA BEC and their crew as we hear what we need to know and watch out for when it comes to New World Screwworm and what economically it could do if found in the country.  Plus, the latest news, market reports, the ranch channel sales calendar and lots more all wrapped into this brand-new episode of The Ranch It Up Radio Show.  Be sure to subscribe on your favorite podcasting app or on the Ranch It Up Radio Show YouTube Channel. Season 6, EPISODE 279 What Is New World Screwworm? The New World screw worm (NWS) is the larval stage of the fly Cochliomyia hominivorax. Unlike most fly maggots that feed on dead tissue, screw worm larvae feed on living tissue — making them especially dangerous to cattle and other livestock. The adult fly lays eggs in open wounds, including: Branding or castration sites Dehorning wounds Ear tag punctures Tick bites Navel cords of newborn calves Minor cuts or abrasions Once hatched, larvae burrow into flesh in a screw-like motion — hence the name “screw worm.” Why New World Screwworm Is A Major Threat To Cattle 1. Rapid Tissue Destruction Larvae feed aggressively on living tissue, enlarging wounds quickly. Untreated infestations can lead to: Severe tissue damage Secondary bacterial infections Reduced weight gain Decreased milk production Infertility in breeding stock Death in severe cases 2. High Economic Impact Historically, screw worm outbreaks have cost the livestock industry billions in: Treatment costs Production losses Increased labor Export restrictions Quarantine expenses The successful eradication program in the U.S. — led by the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service — is considered one of the greatest livestock pest control achievements in history. Signs Of Screwworm Infestation In Cattle Early detection is critical. Producers should watch for: Foul-smelling wounds Bloody discharge Sudden irritation or head shaking Reduced feed intake Visible maggots in wounds Rapid wound enlargement Infested cattle often isolate themselves and show signs of distress. Treatment Protocol For Infected Cattle If screw worm is suspected: Immediately isolate the animal Notify state animal health authorities Clean and flush the wound Apply approved larvicidal treatments Monitor closely for reinfestation Reporting is mandatory in many regions because screw worm is a regulated livestock pest. Prevention Strategies For Cattle Producers 1. Wound Management Best Practices Avoid elective procedures during peak fly season Use fly repellents and wound protectants Monitor surgical sites daily 2. Biosecurity Protocols Inspect newly purchased livestock Quarantine imported cattle Monitor wildlife activity around pastures 3. Seasonal Awareness Screw worm risk increases in: Warm climates High humidity Regions with cross-border cattle movement New World Screwworm Information Guide:  Click HERE Featured Experts in the Cattle Industry M.Wayne Ayers, DVM - Elanco Animal Health https://farmanimal.elanco.com/us Follow On Facebook: @ElancoUS   Kirk Donsbach – Financial Analyst at StoneX https://www.stonex.com/ Follow on Facebook: @StoneXGroupInc Shaye Wanner – Host of Casual Cattle Conversation https://www.casualcattleconversations.com/ Follow on Facebook: @cattleconvos Contact Us with Questions or Concerns Have questions or feedback? Feel free to reach out via: Call/Text: 707-RANCH20 or 707-726-2420 Email: RanchItUpShow@gmail.com Follow us: Facebook/Instagram: @RanchItUpShow YouTube: Subscribe to Ranch It Up Channel: https://www.youtube.com/c/RanchItUp Catch all episodes of the Ranch It Up Podcast available on all major podcasting platforms. Discover the Heart of Rural America with Tigger & BEC Ranching, farming, and the Western lifestyle are at the heart of everything we do. Tigger & BEC bring you exclusive insights from the world of working ranches, cattle farming, and sustainable beef production. Learn more about Jeff 'Tigger' Erhardt & Rebecca Wanner (BEC) and their mission to promote the Western way of life at Tigger and BEC. https://tiggerandbec.com/ Industry References, Partners and Resources For additional information on industry trends, products, and services, check out these trusted resources: Allied Genetic Resources: https://alliedgeneticresources.com/ American Gelbvieh Association: https://gelbvieh.org/ Axiota Animal Health: https://axiota.com/multimin-campaign-landing-page/ Imogene Ingredients: https://www.imogeneingredients.com/ Jorgensen Land & Cattle: https://jorgensenfarms.com/#/?ranchchannel=view Medora Boot: https://medoraboot.com/ RFD-TV: https://www.rfdtv.com/ Rural Radio Network: https://www.ruralradio147.com/ Superior Livestock Auctions: https://superiorlivestock.com/ Transova Genetics: https://transova.com/ Westway Feed Products: https://westwayfeed.com/ Wrangler: https://www.wrangler.com/ Wulf Cattle: https://www.wulfcattle.com/

What's so unique about these private treaty previews is the breeders behind them willing to come on and provide anyone that's interested more exposure. This set is extremely deep and arguably the best that's come out of this place. Very versatile group of Americans that have so much potential. Mr. Broz shares his thoughts on the calves he's posted already, as well as others that are available therein San Angelo as well. Check out the YouTube Link to see some of the calves he has to offer! Bids due by March 15th!Empowerment Is Here. YouTube Link: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoSuIUrUz5CDr0scVUmTF1-Cep5mTft9Z

Send a textThis week on the Montana Outdoor Podcast your host Downrigger Dale has a truly amazing discussion with business entrepreneur Karl Tyler. Karl had a dream from the time he was in 8th grade, he wanted to own a ranch and raise and sell the best cattle in the world. The problem was he did not have even remotely close to the money needed to buy a ranch let alone cattle. He headed to college to study animal sciences and found out he could not afford to stay in school unless he found a job. He got a job washing cars at a car dealership and with a lot of elbow grease, a can-do spirit and a big dream everything changed. He would later buy that dealership where he washed cars and then another dealership and another and another and, well, you just have to listen. It is an amazing story that will without a doubt inspire you. So, did he ever get that cattle ranch? Oh yeah and wait until you hear about the cattle that are on that ranch. They just might be the best in the world, In fact he is having two huge bull sales coming up on the March 6th at his ranch in Leadore, Idaho and on March 12that the Dillion Livestock Auction. If you are in the cattle business, then these sales are without a doubt a must for you to attend at least one of them either in person or online. And if you are needing some inspiration to make that big break happen for you, listen to this podcast right now!Links: Click here to learn about the Bull Sales on March 6th and March 12th.To see the sales catalogs for both bull sales and to learn all about the two bull sales and get all the contact information click here.Click here to attend the sale on the sixth online.To attend the bull sale on the 12th online click here.Click here to learn more about Karl's ranch in Leadore Idaho.Questions for the folks at Karl's Ranch? Click here to contact the Ranch.Your buddy Downrigger Dale would love to know where under the Big Sky you want to explore next. Afterall this is your Podcast too! Click here to email Rigger.Remember to tune in to The Montana Outdoor Radio Show, live every Saturday from 6:00AM to 8:00AM MT. The show airs on 30 radio stations across the State of Montana. You can get a list of our affiliated radio stations on our website. You can also listen to recordings of past shows, get fishing and and hunting information and much more at that website or on our Facebook page. You can also watch our radio show there as well.

Joe's Premium Subscription: www.standardgrain.comGrain Markets and Other Stuff Links —Apple PodcastsSpotifyTikTokYouTubeFutures and options trading involves risk of loss and is not suitable for everyone.

Futures quietly mixed; no cash reports; boxed beef mixed on light volume; cash feeders surge higher; solid export sales.

Audubon California has a program that benefits both ranchers and birds! Swallow Creek Ranch is one of their partners.  Hannah and Erik sat down with Kyla, Paul, and Nick from Swallow Creek Ranch and Grace from Audubon California to learn about this program!Adventure begins at: 14:50Show notesSpring Chirp Naturalist Journeys Go Birding with Hannah and Erik Morro Bay Birding Festival AOS Proposals Words on BirdseBird Trip ReportBirds/Animals mentionedIntro Bird Call: Brown-headed Cowbird (Recorded Cannon Beach OR, April 2020) Outro Bird Call: Cows attracting our attention (Recorded Morro Bay CA, 2026)Support the showConnect with us at... IG: @Hannahgoesbirding and @ErikgoesbirdingFacebook: @HannahandErikGoBirdingEmail us at HannahandErikGoBirding@gmail.comWebsite: http://www.gobirdingpodcast.comVenmo: @hannahanderikgobirdingGet a discount at Buteo Books using code: BIRDNERDBOOKCLUB

Ever worry that one bad cleaning review could shatter your STR returns or even threaten your bookings? Imagine systematically boosting your ratings, delighting guests, and generating reliable cash flow, all simply by revolutionizing your approach to quality and teams.This episode, host Kenny Bedwell sits down with short-term rental powerhouse Stacey St. John, whose unique playbook has catapulted her from long-term investor to founder of a wildly impactful community and management empire. Together, they destroy myths about “minimum viable cleaning,” break down why most owners are still losing thousands, and share the real leverage hidden in systems, mindset, and (yes) the legendary “toilet test.”If you're serious about staying competitive, maximizing income, and avoiding industry shakeout, you need these exclusive upgrades now, not next season. Listen in for data-backed strategies that no other podcast is telling you about.Timestamped Highlights[00:00] – A wild Ohio-to-beach vacation trend exposes a hidden rental goldmine[00:02:13] – COVID, eviction bans, and the shocking trigger for a rental pivot[00:03:33] – Why oceanfront for under $100k changed everything (and you missed it…)[00:05:08] – Accidentally creating a 66,000-member community and why it matters[00:11:46] – The real numbers: How “clean team” upgrades spiked ratings and revenue[00:15:34] – Cattle call cleaners, uncomfortable truths, and busting industry norms[00:29:40] – The “toilet test” and secrets of inspection culture that make or break your reviews[00:41:56] – Building a true team: How to transform cleaners into your STR profit weaponMentioned ResourcesFemale Short-Term Rental Investors Facebook GroupCozy GetawaysBook: Live Big by Stacey St. JohnAirbnbVRBOAbout the GuestStacey St. John is a data-driven short-term rental investor, educator, and founder of Female Short-Term Rental Investors, the largest women's STR community with over 66,000 members. Based in Cincinnati and operating properties across Myrtle Beach and Ohio, Stacey is also CEO of Cozy Getaways, where her focus on quality, systems, and empowering women has set new industry benchmarks for guest experience and financial performance.

All Hat, No Cattle

Cattle futures were mixed on Thursday.   Toward the close, Live Cattle futures were an average of 34¢ higher on continued fundamental strength. Feeder Cattle futures were an average of $1.31 lower with likely profit taking from the previous session's sharp gains. Negotiated cash fed cattle trade was mostly inactive on light demand in [...]