What in the World

There is a small but growing group of people in the US who are concerned that civilisation might collapse if people don't have enough children. They're called pro-natalists, and they argue that less children will lead to fewer workers and smaller economies, leading to an eventual collapse. Their solution: to save humanity people simply need to have kids. High-profile supporters of the movement include tech bros like Elon Musk and Donald Trump.The BBC's population correspondent Stephanie Hegarty tell us more about the movement and how it came about. We are also introduced to the Collins family, one of the leading pro-natalist families who want to have as many children as they can. Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: William Lee Adams Producer: Mora Morrison Video Journalist: Baldeep Chahal Editor: Verity Wilde

Israel has launched a huge wave of attacks on Iran. They say the targets of their attacks are Iran's nuclear facilities and important scientists. Iran has claimed it is not developing any weapons, yet several secret nuclear sites have been uncovered in the past. Iran has responded with drones and missiles. So is Iran developing nuclear weapons? Ghoncheh Habibiazad from the BBC Persian team talks us through Iran's history with nuclear weapons. She also gives us an insight into what the reaction on-the-ground in Iran has been like since the attacks started.Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: Hannah Gelbart Producers: William Lee Adams, Julia Ross-Roy, Emilia Jansson Editor: Verity Wilde

Punjabi rapper Sidhu Moose Wala was at the peak of his fame when he was murdered in 2022. Goldy Brar, a gangster based in Canada, has said that he ordered the killing. But how did one of India's most popular musical acts become the target of a feared gang?Investigative journalist Ishleen Kaur has spoken to Brar about the murder and his motivations, which she explores in the BBC Eye documentary “The Killing Call.” Ishleen tells us about Moose Wala's musical origins and his rise to fame. She also explains what his killers stood to gain by killing him. Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: Hannah Gelbart Producers: William Lee Adams, Chelsea Coates Editor: Verity Wilde

More money, more growth, more stuff. Can our economies keep on growing forever? And should they? A group of activists and academics are questioning the possibility of endless economic growth on a finite planet and are advocating for a bold solution: degrowth. The movement argues for a 'democratisation of the economy' and for collectively managing key resources, like housing. This, they argue, would also help us to live more sustainably - and help in the fight against climate change. But critics argue that opposing economic growth is impractical and warn of negative consequences, especially for the most vulnerable. BBC journalist Alvaro Alvarez has been reporting on this. He joins us to explain the pros and cons of the theory. We also hear from Cambridge university professor Sam Fankhauser, and a TikToker in New Zealand who's living her off-grid dream. Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: William Lee Adams Producers: Mora Morrison and Emily Horler Video Journalists: Kesewaa Browne and Baldeep Chahal Editor: Julia Ross-Roy

Dog walking has been banned in at least 20 cities across Iran, after it was first outlawed in the capital, Tehran, six years ago. It's the latest restriction to come from the authorities, who argue that dogs are ‘unclean' and see having pets as a sign of growing Western influence. Despite this, dog ownership has risen in the country in recent years and many owners have started walking their dogs in secluded areas at night to evade detection. Ghoncheh Habibiazad, from the BBC Persian team, explains why the ban has been introduced and how people are defying the strict policies set by the Iranian regime.Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: Hannah Gelbart Producers: Mora Morrison, Chelsea Coates and Emily Horler Editor: Verity Wilde

‘High' or ‘added' protein foods are popping up everywhere - from ice cream to pizza and even coffee. The nutrient's newfound popularity has a lot to do with the fact that it helps our bodies repair and build up muscle. But could these new snacks come with hidden health risks? And are there other nutrients, like fibre, we should be paying more attention to?BBC journalist Chelsea Coates talks us through why high-protein foods are on the rise and explains how much protein we need to stay fit. Plus, Cara Harbstreet, the dietician behind the YouTube channel Street Smart Nutrition, shares her tips for how you can get enough protein in your diet.Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: Hannah Gelbart Producers: Benita Barden and Chelsea Coates Video Journalist: Baldeep Chahal Editor: Verity Wilde

For millions of Moroccans, Eid al-Adha means quality time with your family, eating delicious food - and the tradition of sacrificing sheep. But this year, the king of Morocco, Mohammed VI, has banned the practice because of a seven-year drought in the country. Dry pastures have meant that the number of sheep herds has dropped sharply, while the cost of meat rises. King Mohammed says the ban is necessary to prevent “significant harm” to families struggling with high prices - but not all Moroccans are happy with the restriction of their religious practices.Basma El Atti, a Moroccan journalist based in Rabat, explains why Eid al-Adha is such an important festival and talks us through the reasons for the ban. And BBC Monitoring journalist Samia Hosny tells us more about the long-lasting drought in the region and how it's affecting daily life there. And we hear from young Moroccans celebrating Eid about what they think of the ban.Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: Hannah Gelbart Producers: Chelsea Coates, Emilia Jansson, Rosabel Crean and Mora Morrison Editor: Emily Horler

Baggage fees have become part and parcel of international travel, with charges taking off in recent years. Globally, passengers spent $150 billion USD last year on added ‘extras' such as seat selection and baggage fees - that's 25% more than they spent in 2023. There's also a growing number of ‘packing hacks' videos on social media, with more people looking for ways to avoid paying fees for their bags. BBC reporter Sam Gruet explains why airlines started charging for luggage in the first place and how it varies around the world. And travel expert and content creator Chelsea Dickenson shares her tips on how to cut costs when travelling.Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: Hannah Gelbart Producers: Chelsea Coates, Benita Barden and Josh Jenkins Editor: Julia Ross-Roy

World leaders pledged to end the AIDS pandemic as a public health threat by 2030. And the World Health Organisation aims to reduce HIV infections from 1.5 million in 2020 to 335,000 by 2030. The African continent still has the highest number of HIV infections globally.How will cuts to the US government's main overseas aid agency, USAID, affect the treatment and prevention of HIV in Africa? And will it make it harder for countries to end new cases of HIV by 2030? BBC Africa health correspondent Makuochi Okafor explains what HIV is and how it's currently treated and prevented. He also breaks down some of the misinformation around HIV and PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) which stops HIV getting into your body. And we discuss what impact the cuts to USAID are having on HIV treatment and prevention programmes. BBC journalist Nathalia Jimenez also gives us a brief guide to the cuts to USAID.Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: Hannah Gelbart Producers: Julia Ross-Roy and Adam Chowdhury Video Journalist: Baldeep Chahal Editor: Verity Wilde

What do Billie Eilish, Doja Cat and Jennie from Blackpink have in common? They have all been spotted wearing Vietnamese fashion brands. You might have noticed that your clothes and shoes have labels saying "Made in Vietnam". The garment and textile industry in Vietnam is massive - it's the second biggest exporter in the world, after China. And it employs three million people, most of them women. Global brands like Nike and Uniqlo make their clothes there. But recently, Vietnamese brands are being celebrated in their own right and finding new fans. Thuong Le from the BBC Vietnamese Service talks to us about the Vietnamese fashion industry and why their brands are becoming so popular outside the country. What's their appeal? Fashion influencer Joyce Ng from Singapore explains. Vietnamese fashion business consultant Quynh Nguyen, who works for the brand LSOUL, describes the impact foreign buyers have had on the industry. And Professor Kim Myung-hee from South Korea, a former stylist of Rain and Jun Ji-hyun, tells us why Vietnamese fashion isn't just a short term trend. Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: William Lee Adams Producers: Thuong Le, Julia Ross-Roy and Benita Barden Editor: Verity Wilde

Polar bears are the biggest bears in the world and the only marine bear. There are estimated to be around 26,000 globally. They're mostly found in Canada, but also in Russia, the US, Norway and Greenland. Their main prey is seal, specifically seal blubber, as they need a diet high in fat to survive the freezing Arctic conditions. Polar bears are great swimmers but they can't outswim seals. So they hunt them on the Arctic sea ice, waiting for them to come up for air and then pouncing. But as the amount of sea ice decreases due to global warming, the polar bear populations that live in the more southerly, warmer parts of the Arctic are in decline. BBC Science correspondent Victoria Gill explains what it's like to see a polar bear up close and the challenges they're facing. Alysa McCall, a scientist at Polar Bears International, gives us her top facts about polar bears and Arctic sea ice. And we explore whether refreezing parts of the Arctic could be a realistic solution, with Kerry Nickols, from Ocean Visions, a non-profit organisation which looks at ways to protect and restore Arctic sea ice. Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: Hannah Gelbart Producers: Julia Ross-Roy, Benita Barden and Thuong Le Video Journalist: Baldeep Chahal Editor: Verity Wilde

OnlyFans is an online platform where people create content (photos, videos and live streams), which can be monetised. Although it hosts a variety of content across topics like fitness and cooking, OnlyFans is known widely for hosting adult content, much of it explicit. As its popularity has soared, so too has the controversy and stigma surrounding the platform. Last week, Kurts Adams Rozentals, a world-class British canoeist, revealed that he had been banned from competing by Paddle UK — the sport's governing body — after they learned he was an OnlyFans content creator. He told the BBC he started posting content because Paddle UK's annual grant of £16,000 was insufficient to cover rent, travel, food and other expenses associated with full-time training in London.BBC Business Reporter Charlotte Edwards explains exactly how the platform works and who owns it. She also gives us the latest on the embattled British canoer. Plus: Chimgozirim Nwokoma, a senior reporter for Tech Point Africa, tells us about All Access Fans — an African start-up that have taken inspiration from OnlyFans' subscription-based business model — and the reaction to it. Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 0330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: Hannah Gelbart Producers: William Lee Adams and Benita Barden Editor: Verity Wilde

High school prom may have started off as an American tradition, but now, it's spread across the globe. In Uganda, proms are often a super lavish event, with couples flying in on helicopters or pulling up in expensive cars, before doing multiple outfit changes through the night. But the government says it's gone too far — and it's brought in new rules to curb the celebrations. Uganda's Ministry of Education has banned what it calls “indecent dressing” and has even introduced a 6PM curfew, arguing that extravagant prom parties put unnecessary financial pressure on parents.Gloria Achieng, a BBC reporter in Kenya, tells us more about Uganda's prom culture and what these new rules mean for students. We hear from young people across Uganda, who share their thoughts on the ban with us. And we find out which member of the What in the World team is prom royalty. And how did prom culture start in America?Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: Hannah Gelbart Producers: Chelsea Coates, Emily Horler and Mora Morrison Editor: Verity Wilde

The Pyramids of Giza are among Egypt's most famous landmarks. The Great Pyramid is made up of 2.3 million stone blocks, weighing five million tonnes in total. For centuries no one has known precisely how they were built, or how the stones were transported.Using radar satellite imagery, historical maps and geophysical surveys, a research team has mapped a long-lost, ancient branch of the River Nile - which they believe was buried by a major drought and sandstorms thousands of years ago. They think this waterway was used for the transportation of heavier blocks, equipment and people and finally explains how the Pyramids were constructed. So is this mystery finally wrapped up?Rehab Ismail, a BBC journalist in Cairo, describes what it's like to visit the Pyramids of Giza and explains what the Egyptian authorities are doing to preserve the area from over-tourism. Egyptologist Yossra Ibrahim tells us which mysteries have been solved and which still remain. Archive courtesy of British Pathé. Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: William Lee Adams Producers: Baldeep Chahal, Julia Ross-Roy and Abiona Boja Video Journalist: Baldeep Chahal Editor: Verity Wilde

In South Korea, what presidential candidates are wearing is a hot topic.People use fashion to express themselves. Many of us think carefully about what we put on and how others will view our outfits, whether we choose an iconic hat or a monochrome look. But for politicians and their spouses, every look is carefully calculated to send a specific message.South Korea is having a snap election which means that image consultants are quietly shaping the new public faces of leadership, from tie colours to jumpers to hairstyles. Yoon Suk Yeol was removed from office for putting the country under martial law for six hours in December. Polls have placed Lee Jae-myung of the main opposition Democratic Party as the frontrunner among six candidates, followed by Kim Moon-soo from the ruling PPP.We chat with Rachel Lee from our team in Seoul - she's been speaking to some of those image consultants about what they do. Also, Stacy Wasiche, a fashion blogger from Kenya, runs us through the latest political fashion trends and how it's different depending on what country you look at.Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: Hannah Gelbart Producers: Mora Morrison and Emily Horler Editor: Harriet Oliver

From Taylor Swift to Michael Jackson, there's been countless superstar musicians who have called out their record labels for how much they're being paid for their music. For musicians at the start of their careers it can be even more challenging to make money. The emergence of streaming sites like Spotify has made understanding publishing a bit more complicated. So how does it all really work?BBC Newsbeat reporter Riyah Collins talks us through how musicians make their money - from royalties, touring and streaming. Mary Spender, a singer-songwriter here in the U.K. shares her experience with earning money from her music.Plus we also hear from Kenyan TV host, KenRelBis, who's launched a free music distribution platform to help local artists.Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: Iqra Farooq Producers: Emily Horler and Maria Clara Montoya Video Journalist: Baldeep Chahal Editor: Verity Wilde

US president Donald Trump has claimed that white farmers in South Africa are being executed en masse. But this is simply not true. South Africa's President Cyril Ramaphosa and his delegation went to Washington last week hoping for a boost and a reset after months of bitterness with the Donald Trump administration. Instead they got brutal, high-stakes diplomacy, peppered with insults, which played out to millions across the world in real time. This included Trump showing a video which supposedly proved ‘genocide' was taking place against white farmers. BBC journalist Nomsa Maseko breaks down where this false claim came from, how people in South Africa have responded to it, and what impact it could have on the future of relations between the two countries. We also hear why some white Afrikaners are taking up the offer of refugee status in the US. Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: William Lee Adams Producers: Mora Morrison and Emilia Jansson Editor: Verity Wilde

After cutting off the supply of aid to Gaza for more than two months, Israeli officials have allowed some trucks to enter. But despite over a hundred aid trucks carrying essential products like flour and baby food into Gaza, the United Nations says it's only a “drop in the ocean”. There have also been significant delays to distributing the aid, lasting days in some cases. The UN estimates that one in five Gazans face starvation and that an average of 600 trucks a day are needed to start tackling the humanitarian crisis there.From Jerusalem, the BBC's Middle East Correspondent Yolande Knell explains why Israel has started to allow aid into Gaza and how much has got through so far. We hear what it's like in Gaza right now and aid workers from Médecins Sans Frontières and the International Committee of the Red Cross tell us about the challenges they are facing when distributing aid to Palestinians on the ground.Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: William Lee Adams Producers: Julia Ross-Roy, Chelsea Coates and Emily Horler Editor: Verity Wilde

If so, President Trump thinks you're a “stupid person“.The royal family of Qatar wants to gift America a private jet. Critics say the gift is essentially a bribe to give Qatar influence with the U.S. And they've pointed out that, during his first term, President Trump accused Qatar of funding terror groups. On 21st April, it was formally announced that the US Defence Secretary had accepted the plane. BBC reporter, Nathalie Jimenez breaks it all down for us.It also got us thinking, what are the rules surrounding gift giving to politicians in other countries around the world? We'll hear from five BBC reporters about what the rules are like in the countries they report on.Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: William Lee Adams Producers: Emily Horler and Benita Barden Video Journalist: Baldeep Chahal Editor: Julia Ross-Roy

One of the biggest unions in the world representing a diverse range of creative professionals, including actors and voice artists, has filed a complaint against the makers of the video game Fortnite over its Darth Vader character. Epic Games used generative AI to recreate the voice of the Star Wars villain, after the late actor who played him in the film franchise signed over the rights in 2022. But Sag-Aftra says the gaming company should have negotiated with them first - and is worried the rise in AI could lead to job losses.BBC tech reporter Liv McMahon tells us more about the row between the union and Epic Games and explains why the growing use of generative AI is being met with backlash in the entertainment industry. We also hear from Larry Cutler, the co-founder of Baobab Studios, a multiple Emmy-award-winning animation studio that has worked on games like Roblox and Fortnite, to find out how voice cloning technology works.Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 0330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: William Lee Adams Producers: Mora Morrison and Chelsea Coates Editor: Verity Wilde

Skin-lightening is a multi-billion-dollar industry and impacts many women, and men, around the world. Within the African context, women in Nigeria use skin-whitening products the most: according to the World Health Organization 77% of women use them regularly. The situation is so bad that Nigeria's National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (Nafdac) declared a state of emergency in 2023. The BBC's Madina Maishanu has been speaking to a mother who has used skin-whitening products on all six of her children. Madina shares her story, and talks us through the cultural context of why people use these products. We also hear from aesthetician Zainab Bashir about the risks involved with skin-bleaching.Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 0330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: Iqra Farooq Producers: Mora Morrison, Maria Clara Montoya and Elena Angelides Video Journalist: Baldeep Chahal Editor: Verity Wilde

Hundreds of thousands of students in Nigeria have been told they can retake their JAMB university entrance exam. That's after nearly 80 per cent of them failed the test in March amid power cuts and computer glitches during the exams. The low pass rate sparked a national outcry, especially after the Minister of Education initially claimed it was caused by students cheating. The Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board has now apologised - but what does the incident say about Nigeria's digital infrastructure?The BBC's Madina Maishanu explains what caused the technical issues, and why the exam board has now decided to allow retakes. We also hear from students across Nigeria about the impact the glitches have had on their hopes of getting into university.Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 0330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: Hannah Gelbart Producers: William Lee Adams, Chelsea Coates and Julia Ross-Roy Editor: Verity Wilde

You might have seen videos on TikTok of guys with shaved heads and black sweatbands walking round Turkish airports, or sitting on planes on the way home. Turkey is becoming one of the most popular destinations to get a hair transplant. Turkish officials estimate the hair transplant market was worth $1billion in 2024. People travel there from all around the world, but especially the US and Europe, because it's so much cheaper than getting it done in their home country. Christopher Mizzoni, 22 (@chrishairjourney), travelled to Turkey in 2024 to get the first of two planned hair transplants. He explains what it was like and what difference it's made to him. Özge Özdemir from BBC Turkish explains why prices are so much lower in Turkey than other countries and sets out some concerns about the industry.And Chris D'Souza, a hair transplant surgeon and President of the British Association of Hair Restoration Surgery tells us what the procedure involves. Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 0330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: Hannah Gelbart Producers: Julia Ross-Roy, Mora Morrison and Emilia Jansson Video Journalist: Baldeep Chahal Editor: Verity Wilde

More and more people are using snus. Maybe you've noticed this where you live: people walking around with circular plastic tubs in their pockets and slipping small white parcels into their gums? There are two types: brown snus and white snus. Brown snus has been around for a while, and contains tobacco, whereas white snus is newer and tobacco-free; it's a nicotine pouch. Some of the biggest brands are Zyn, Velo and On! and they're made by the big tobacco companies. White snus is a booming market with “Zynfluencers” promoting it on social media. But it's not only young people who are into it. According to one study in England, almost one in five professional male football players are using snus too. BBC Health reporter Elena Bailey talks us through snus's health impacts. Sweden has particularly high snus use among teenagers. According to Swedish government data, 27% of 15-year-old girls and 31% of 15-year-old boys have used it. Swedish radio journalist Matilda Skarehag explains why it's so popular there. We also hear from Fanna Ndow Norrby who got addicted to snus. Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: Hannah Gelbart Producers: Julia Ross-Roy and Mora Morrison Video Journalist: Baldeep Chahal Editor: Verity Wilde

One of the world's biggest sporting stars, Virat Kohli, has announced his immediate retirement from Test cricket via an Instagram post to his 270 million followers. It's got people talking about his impact and many tributes to his career have been shared online. But what does this mean for Indian cricket?The BBC's Luke Wolstenholme talks us through why Virat Kohli is such a big deal and the legacy he leaves behind. We also hear from Virat Kohli fans Anwaya Mane and Tanisha Crasto, who played Badminton for Team India in the Olympics.Plus Baldeep Chahal from the What in the World team gives us a crash course in the history and rules of cricket.Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: Hannah Gelbart Producers: Adam Chowdhury, Emily Horler, Benita Barden and Julia Ross-Roy Editor: Verity Wilde

Big Ocean are the world's first K-Pop boy band with hearing loss. Each of the three members; Jiseok, PJ and Chanyeon, has a different level of hearing. They use hearing aids and cochlear implants to hear sounds and use lip reading for communication. The band use metronomes that display lights and smartwatches that communicate the beat through vibrations to help them when dancing. And they have used AI technology trained with the members' voice data to help them hit the correct pitch. As part of their first European tour, they came into the What in the World studio to chat to us about the challenges they've faced and overcome and how the deaf community has responded to them. We also hear from Big Ocean fan or PADO (which means wave in Korean) Jade Dunne who is a musician and has progressive hearing loss, on how the band has inspired her. Big Ocean incorporate Korean Sign Language, American Sign Language and International Sign into their choreography. Gavin Songer from the UK charity the National Deaf Children's Society explains what other tech there is to help people with hearing loss experience music.You can also watch the video of this interview on YouTube - search for What in the World or click here for our playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLz_B0PFGIn4eMOlGZclzdcHmv7s8BFQE6Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: Hannah Gelbart Producers: Benita Barden and Julia Ross-Roy Video Journalist: Beatrice Guzzardi Editor: Verity Wilde

India and Pakistan have largely seen each other as rivals since they got their independence from Britain in 1947. Recently, tensions have erupted there again, and over the past week both sides have launched cross-border military strikes. It's been over Kashmir - a Himalayan region which both India and Pakistan claim as theirs. Each administers part of it, and they've fought wars over it before. With this latest flare up, many are worried it could lead to another- and both sides have nuclear weapons.Now, India and Pakistan have agreed to a ceasefire.What's the background to it all? We ask a load of BBC journalists, like Lyse Doucet and Arunoday Mukharji, to break down the history of it all.Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: Hannah Gelbart Producers: Julia Ross-Roy, Adam Chowdhury, Rosabel Crean, Emily Horler, Benita Barden Editor: Verity Wilde

White smoke from the Sistine Chapel in Vatican City on Thursday 8th May announced that a new Pope had been elected. Pope Leo XIV is the 267th Pope to be exact and the first American. He also has Peruvian citizenship.In this episode we're going to explain what we know about the new Pope, Robert Prevost, and his views. We find out what a Pope actually does. Also why are people so surprised that an American Pope has been elected?And we hear from young Catholics around the world - who tell us what they want to see from Pope Leo XIV. Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: Iqra Farooq Producers: Julia Ross-Roy, Emily Horler, Maria Clara Montoya and Adam Chowdhury Editor: Verity Wilde

True crime series are hugely popular around the world. These are non-fiction TV shows and podcasts which look at victims of crimes and investigate the motives of the perpetrator, often covering grim topics like assault and murder. You might have heard of some of them like Serial, American Manhunt: OJ Simpson, The Menendez Brothers, Conversations with a Killer: The Ted Bundy Tapes and My Lover My Killer. Why are they so popular? And what positive and negative effects can they have on the cases they're covering - and the people involved? Jacqui Wakefield from the BBC's Global Disinformation Unit explains. And Dr Julia Shaw, criminal psychologist and host of the BBC podcast Bad People, talks to us about how true crime might affect our brain and behaviour.Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: William Lee-Adams Producers: Emily Horler, Josh Jenkins and Benita Barden Video Journalist: Baldeep Chahal Editor: Verity Wilde

Election season in Australia is drawing to a close with the re-election of Prime Minister Anthony Albanese and the Labor Party. Around 18 million people in the country are eligible to vote, and many of them turned up to the polls as it is a legal obligation to do so. If you fail to turn up, you can face a fine. So what's it like to vote in an election, when you have to? And how is enforced? BBC's Australia correspondent Katy Watson tells us how it all works.Compulsory voting is popular across many countries in Latin America, with 13 out of the 33 countries in the region enforcing it. BBC reporter Maria Clara Montoya gives us the details.We also hear from Shane Singh, a professor at the University of Georgia in the US, about the advantages and disadvantages of compulsory voting.Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 0330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: Iqra Farooq Producers: Mora Morrison, Emily Horler and Benita Barden Editor: Verity Wilde

When you picture Bali, you might think of sandy beaches, laid-back surfers, ancient temples and lush green rice paddies. As a tourist hotspot, single-use plastic is common and it has a problem with disposing of plastic waste. A study from 2021 ranked Indonesia as the fifth biggest contributor of marine waste in the world.Now, Bali's governor has set an ambitious goal: to make the island waste-free by 2027. But how realistic is that? And what would it actually take to make it happen? Hanna Samosir, a reporter for the BBC in Jakarta, takes us through the story.Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 0330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: Hannah Gelbart Producers: Emily Horler and Adam Chowdhury Video Journalist: Baldeep Chahal Editor: Verity Wilde

Shea butter, a rich silky fat loved for its versatility, is under threat. It's a key ingredient in everything from moisturisers to pharmaceuticals, and it has a huge global market. The shea trees where it's extracted from grow from West to East Africa in a vast strip known as the "shea belt". BBC Africa's Anne Okumu has been to visit the Mount Kei Central Forest Reserve in Uganda, an area which used to be lush with wild shea trees, but has now been turned into a near-barren expanse dotted with stumps. She tells us why people have been cutting them down, and what this has to do with climate change. We also hear about what is being done to protect shea trees. Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 0330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: Iqra Farooq Producers: Mora Morrison, Adam Chowdhury and Benita Barden Editor: Verity Wilde

Axolotls are only found in the wild in one place in the world; an area of wetland just outside Mexico City. They are one of the world's most endangered, and arguably most adorable, amphibians. Not just meme-worthy, they are also scientifically fascinating - they don't really age and they can regrow body parts, including their brains. Very few are left in the wild, but now scientists have released captive-bred axolotls back into the wetlands and found that they not only survived, but even put on a bit of weight. BBC science correspondent Victoria Gill talks us through the study and explains what scientists can learn from these amazing creatures. And Assistant Professor Prayag Murawala from the MDI Biological Laboratory in the US, describes what we know about how axolotls regenerate their own body parts. Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: Hannah Gelbart Producers: Chelsea Coates, Emily Horler and Julia Ross-Roy Editor: Harriet Oliver

Sean "Diddy" Combs is one of the most successful music moguls in the history of rap. He has been arrested and charged with sex trafficking and racketeering. Prosecutors allege that he “abused, threatened, and coerced women” and that he created “a criminal enterprise” involving forced labour, kidnapping and bribery. Mr. Combs denies the charges and has pleaded not guilty.Ahead of the trial later this month, Anoushka Mutanda-Dougherty, host of the BBC podcast, Diddy on Trial, explains the charges and shares Diddy's response. Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 0330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: Hannah Gelbart Producer: William Lee Adams and Mora Morrison Video Journalist: Baldeep Chahal Editor: Verity Wilde

Two Belgian teenagers have plead guilty to trying to smuggle thousands of giant African harvester ants out of Kenya. The authorities said they were allegedly planning to sell the ants on the growing exotic pet market in Europe and Asia, where ant keepers put the insects in special habitats and watch them build their colonies. BBC reporter Akisa Wandera talks us through this landmark case.We also hear from two ant keepers, Kaden (Ender Ants) and Mauro (Bruma Ants) on why they love their pets.And finally, a quick question for you, how many ants do you think there are for every person on earth? A) 10 ants B) 67 thousand ants C) 980 thousand ants D) 2.5 million antsListen to the episode for the answer!Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 0330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: Hannah Gelbart Producers: Emily Horler and Chelsea Coates Editor: Verity Wilde

Nasa astronauts Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams recently returned to Earth after a longer-than-expected nine months on the International Space Station (ISS). And when the astronauts emerged from their space craft they were helped on to a stretcher, which is standard practice after spending so long in a weightless environment.The BBC's Caroline Steel has been looking into how going into space impacts the body. She talks us through how muscles, bones and even vision are affected, and how astronauts can limit any long-term damage. Peggy Whitson holds the world record for the woman who has spent most time in space - 675 days. She explains the challenges of lifting weights while in zero gravity. Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 0330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: Hannah Gelbart Producers: Mora Morrison and Emilia Jansson Video Journalist: Baldeep Chahal and Kesewaa Browne Editor: Verity Wilde

China's cosmetic surgery industry has exploded over the past decade and in turn, put even more pressure on young women to conform to unrealistic beauty standards. On Chinese social media there are hundreds of filtered faces, extreme weight-loss hacks, and even apps that scan your face and let you book cosmetic surgery as easily as ordering a taxi. BBC reporter Natalia Zuo, takes us through the culture in China and what she found out when working on a documentary for the BBC about the boom.You can watch the documentary on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GaYSEWlHrGwInstagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 0330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: Hannah Gelbart Producers: Emily Horler and Benita Barden Editor: Harriet Oliver

Many economists have warned that the world is poised for an economic downturn. The warnings come after President Trump's recent changes to America's tariff policies. Changes in consumer spending — including their fashion choices — are one potential “recession indicator.”Erin Delmore, the BBC's North America business correspondent, explains what a recession is and discusses how people's purchasing decisions — regarding everything from clothes to salon visits — offer clues to what's going on with the economy. We also hear from Caroline Stevenson from the London College of Fashion. She explains how trends come about and unpacks recent trends like the “clean girl” look and the “office siren”. Plus content creator Leah Holme discusses how she makes mindful purchasing decisions based on the long-term. Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 0330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: Hannah Gelbart Producers: William Lee Adams, Benita Barden, Abiona Boja, Maria Clara Montoya Editor: Verity Wilde

Finding the right shade of makeup can be a struggle, especially if you have really fair or dark skin. But things are changing. Some brands, including Korean ones are looking at their shade ranges and making them more inclusive. Soo Min Kim, a BBC reporter, takes us through the K-beauty industry and what's changing.We also hear from two beauty influencers - May Akhtar and Oceanne Comtois. Have they seen much change and could K-beauty be what the market needs?Gloria Achieng is a BBC reporter in Kenya - how popular are products there?And Adam Triantis from Dcypher walks us through why brands having a huge shade range can be hard logistically and whether AI could help. Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 0330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: Hannah Gelbart Producers: Emily Horler and Benita Barden Video Journalist: Baldeep Chahal Editor: Verity Wilde

The title of Ed Sheeran's new single ‘Azizam' means ‘my love' in the Persian language. The track and accompanying music video includes references to Persian culture and features famous Iranian pop star Googoosh. She's been banned from singing in Iran since the 1970s.The song has received an outpouring of support from Iranian communities worldwide for its positive and heartfelt representation of Iran. But Googoosh's featuring role has also shed light on the restrictions that women face in Iran, including a ban on singing in public places. We speak to Ghoncheh Habibiazad from BBC Persian about what inspired the song and what it tells us about music culture in Iran.Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 0330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: Hannah Gelbart Producers: William Lee Adams and Benita Barden Editor: Verity Wilde

Pope Francis led the Catholic church for more than a decade. He was the first Latin American pope, and the first non-European in more than a thousand years.Many saw him as a more liberal pope than his predecessors - he talked about things like climate change, migration and LGBTQ rights but there are also those who felt he should have been more progressive.After his funeral, a conclave will begin and his successor will be chosen. We explain what this process involves and we hear young voices from around the world speaking about the death of Pope Francis and their hopes for the future of the Catholic Church.Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 0330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: Hannah Gelbart Producers: Emily Horler and Maria Clara Montoya Editor: Verity Wilde

Over the past few weeks social media has been flooded with TikTok videos of people claiming that expensive European designer goods are actually made in China, and that you can buy the same luxury handbags and clothes for a fraction of the usual price. Many of these videos have since been taken down, but it's led many to wonder if any of these claims are true. Are consumers being ripped off? And does President Donald Trump's increased tariffs on Chinese imports have anything to do with these videos?We speak to Jake Horton, a reporter at BBC Verify, who's been analysing these viral Chinese supplier videos. He's reached out to both designers and copyright law experts.Plus: we hear from Blythe Milligan, a supply chain expert and the host of the Everything is Logistics podcast, about why some products are manufactured in Asia. She also explains how supply chains work. Instagram: @bbcwhatintheworld Email: whatintheworld@bbc.co.uk WhatsApp: +44 0330 12 33 22 6 Presenter: William Lee Adams Producers: Benita Barden and Maria Clara Montoya Editor: Emily Horler